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[ELifrD^TANFORDj?

NIVERSITV

watr-rto B' rM9MA5 WCLTsJ^rANFflRD

V

THE

ANNUAL REGISTER,

OR A VIEW OF THE

HISTORY,
POLITICS,

AND

LITERATURE,

For the YEAR 1770.

The FIFTH EDITION.

LONDON!
Printed for J. DoosliYj iii PaUrMoIl, 1794.

D
•a

h'7

C r ]

P R E F A C E.

THE year we treat of, afforded much
matter for Hiftory, and perhaps ftill
Bore for Speculation- Though fruitful ia
great and extraordinary events, it feeraed to
threaten more than it exprefsly told. A war
which defolaDed a great part of Europe, and
might in its confcquences have affecfted the
political fyftemof thewhole.appeared at this
time, as little more than a fecondary objcfl of
confideration. Battles and fieges, the deftruc-
tion of armies and fleets, and the ruin of
countries, however diftant thcfccnc of adion,
Would, in times of lefs bufincfs and import-
ance, have nearly fupcrfeded all other matter,
and have been confidered as the only objefls,
that demanded the carcofthcWritcr, ot that
claimed the attention of the Public.

Itl

n PREFACE.

In the prefent inftance it has been othcr-
)vife; and Jiowever mter-eftiag tbeie AitHeAl
of obfervation or difcuflion may be, others
have arifen nearer home, by which, as a natioO}
we are moreimmediately afFeded. Theextra-
ordinary movements of fome of our great
neighbours, and the hoftile appearances for
fome time, on the fide, at lead, of one of
them, were more than objeds of curiofity ;
and though the ftorm feems for the prefent
blown over, it has afforded fufficient caufe for
reflexion. The iflue of the prefent convul-
iions in France, whether they terminate in
increafing the defpotifm of the Monarch, or
in regaining or enlarging the rights or liber-
ties of the People, muft be to us a matter of
great importance. Fortunate, we fliould think
it, if in this precarious and critical ftate of
affairs, when almoflevery part of Europe pre-
fents an ample field for difcuflion; our own
domeflic concerns were in fo happy a fitua-
tion, as not to furnifh the Patriot and Politi-
i:ian with the moft jufl and ferious anxiety
for the welfare of his own country.

Wt

PREFACE. yii

We hope that fo much matter, and futh
rarious fubjeds of difcuflion, as have fwelled
Dur Hiftory beyond thelimits ufually alGgned
to it, will Aifficiently plead with the Public,
Tor our being later this year than we intended:
And that if, upon the whole, we have endea-
TOuredto give the deareft and mofl impartial
account of foreign anddomeftic tranfadiont,
which the limited and imperfed information,
that can be obtained fo near the time of their
being afted, will admit of, we ihall ftill con-
tinue to meet with that indulgence, which
we have hitherto fo happily experienced.

THB

ANNUAL REGISTER,
For the YEAR 1770.

THE

HISTORY

O F

EUROPE.

CHAP. L

State 9f ibi Belligirint Ptnvers, Ruffia* ConduS tftht Neutral Powers.
PrehahU c»nfeqMenctj of the *war. Turfy, Firmnefs of the Grand
Srguior. Probahility of 4 feacf. Sfaittm Fcdklani*s _ Iflands* Great
Britaiu. Portugal^

TH E great faccefles of the
RoiTians in the two laft
campaigns, though flatter-
ing and brilliant, have not been
produftive of ihofe immediate ad-
vantages, which would have attend-
ed conquells of the fame nature in
oiW pans of the world. The fer-
tile and extenfive provinces between
tKe Danube and the Niefter, if they
wd been fituated in the cultivated
p'u of Europe or Afia, and fub-
}^^ 9nly to the well-regulated ra-
P»ne of a difciplincd army under an
Vol. Xlll.

able general, would in themfelvea
have nearly provided for the fup*
port of {he war.

In the prefent infbince, the con-
quered countries are in fo mined a
ftate, that inflead of contributing
to defray the expences of the war,
they cannot fupply the common ar-
ticles of fubfiftence ; and forage is
the principal, if not the onlv aid,
which they can afford to theur de-
fenders or affailants.

The Ruffians will, however, de-
rive great advantages in the future

\a\ opera-i

a] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

oprrations of the war from this ac- the Danube and the Niefter ; Jbj

ceflion of territory ; and being in their expedition to the Mediierra-

pofTeflion of all the fortrefTes^ and nean, they leem to have endofed

the Turks driven totally beyond all Kurope. frcm the bouoro of the

the Danube, this (late of fccurity. Baltic, to the Streights of the Dar-

as well as that arifing from the fub- danelles, uithin the line of their

mifiion of the fiud'ziac Tartars, will hollility. Extraordinary events are

encourage the remaining natives to feldom brought about, without a

cultivate their lands and rebuild lingular concurrence of circun*

their houfes, and the fugitives to ftancea to facilitate their execution;

return to their country. Nor will and it may perhaps be found, that

the Turks find it eafy now to renew mod of the great revolutions which

the war on this fide of the Danube ; have taken place in the hiftoryof

an attempt, in which they will ex- mankind, would have failed, if

perience many of the fame difficul- they had been attempted at any

ties, which we had formerly (hewn oihor time than that precife xra,

would attend the progrcfs of the which fcemed calculated for their

Ruffians, if they were to extend completion, and to have removed

their operations inio Bulgaria, In or Cmoothed every obllacle to their

either cafe the river will be found a fuccefs. Th's expedition is one of

very important barrier. thofe remarkable events which could

Though the Tartars of the Crim have as little tn.ken place, as the

and Little Tartary, as well as thofe attempt coulJ have been believed

of Oczacow, have hitherto conti- or forcfcen, at any period of time

nued firm in their attachment to the prior to the prefent.

Porte, and have defpifed all the of- it had become the policy of the

fers as well as threats, which have great European commercial powers,

been ufcd to detach them from it ; long before RuHia was mitlrefs of a

yet it can fcarcely be conceived by fl\ip, to fufl'er no new maritime

the pre.cnt appearance of affairs, flate to fpring up amongll them ;

that without the intervention of nor did the antiquity of the repub-

. fome other po.ver, or fome extra- lie of Genoa piotecl her from the

ordinary and uncxpccl-.'d good for- jcaioufy of Lewia the Fourteenth,

tunc on liie fide of tlic Turkh, iltey when Ihe, who had before afpired

can he able to with ft and the pov.cr to be a rival for the commerce of the

of RulHa fur nnoiher campaign. 'J'hc world, was relhained from building

Turkiih operations on the Danube fliips in her own docks; and even

can be cjiifidercd as li:tle more tlian rrillri^lcd as to the poiTefnon of more

a diver(;on in their favour, ar.d in that) a fpecitied number. Arbi-

the pre.ent wretched Hate of their traiy precedents of the fame nature

marine, the fupport by the i>!.::k weic not unknown in antiquity;

Sea mull be weak and uncertain, and it i> no wonder that the mo-

Nor is any extraordinary defence dcrn European llates, whofe avi-

to be expecled from the fortreis of dity for commerce, as foon as ihey

Oczacow ; fingle and expofed as it hid tailed her fweets, was beyond

is, without fupport, and the dread- all ibrnier example, and involved

M fate of Bender before its eyes. them in continual wars amone

While the lUflians triumph upon iliemfclves for the (hare they (hould

^ poiTefi

HISTORY OF EUROPE. [j

ia her favour, fltould eager- b'ltrarily difptays in all the a&tlrg of

'tn liich precedcDU to their the norib.

ilvant4ge, and behold every Such, however, are the peculiar

/aI {Jt it with the extreme^ circuoiltuncea of the prefent times,

y. and fuch the extraordinary fortune

r the Greac'i efforts to create of the Empnis Cat;ierine. that with

and a navy, were beh Id with a very moderate naval force, ill

tioo as a novelty, and ai the foand and ill provided, and man-

■dinary aitemptt of a i extt
■y man. His great Ibips and
d admiral* were amutin^ lo
' ^nd lo others in the Baltic.
;ltruflive to Sweden in the
ag ftaie of that kingdom.
DSvaJ force as cojjd be I

fuch ■ lea, and locked up Oie is to look for i

ith raiv and unexperienced
irf, lb: has fent lire and f^ord
the (bores of Greece, and ihs
of the Archipelago.
!reat Britain, indeed, beheld
>ut uneafinefs, the agi^randize-
power, in whofe alliancet

I of little conleque
^reit commercial Hates;
the ftrift policy "f thei'

of lai

family compact.
chule to interfere
mignt bring ir

(ce to the
doe* not

rrel whicli
Mediterranean

■red to tbbfe limili.
piriicularje3touryH'i[h which
;ditcrtanean po '''ers have at
e» regarded every intrufion
: fea, which b^ing luriound.
tb;ir dominions, they feem

, ihat it Ibould an EngliJh, to the aid of a RuAiar

fl.et. The dlftrefs which the Le-
vant trade futiers, i^ more felt hy
France than by Gr.;at Britain ; ar4
Great Britain profits more by tbe
pT-olperiiy of the Rullian arms and
than Ibe fuffurs by a tera-

eafure to confideras their porary fufpenfion ol

her e

t of the

*ing

) ihc

tigrefsodhe

id riuftria: neither of
which powers C3n fee, wiihout a
rational alarm, Rufyia becoming the
mifircli of Poland, and the total
dcRroyer of tht

r properly, would in any other in ;hat pai

llances of public affairs, have dealing!

an infoj-'crabl; bar to this ihof'- o:

ize. Nor ii this attempt Rulliin

repu^naii: to ihe ^jiincipies it mull!

1 by the commercial llitL-s, of Pruli
is to the genera! political
of Europe, which liai been

and fo eagerly purfued, and
o ptcfervc a due equilibrium

ily averfe to the making of out of wli')f; ruins fom

;oniiuel1s, or lo the forma- formidable might aii
a new dominion. To all This Mcditerr.iiie

landing impediments to an ha'hoivever. hitherto.
; of this nature, may be ad-
e general dread cnieriainei

iver-grown power of Kuflii, The patVage of ihc Dardanelles has

:cnvif)ion of the confequen- not been made good, nor does there

t have already enfued from fccm any great probability, as it

piemc afcendant which fhe was not efie^led during the lirft fur-

utrcd, and which flicfou> prize and confufioii, that it IboulJ
[J] z fuccced.

4] ANNUAL REGISTER, ./70.

fucceedy after the Turks have had
fo long a time, under the conduct
of able engineers, to prepare for its
defence. Neiiher have th: Ruilians
been able to poiTefs themfclves of an
idaod or port in the Archipelago,
of any conCequence, during the
whole fummer. This expedition,
however, contributed to embarrafs
and diftrad the councils of the Porte,
to keep back fome of their bed
troops and officers from the Da-
nube, and by cutting off the fupply
of provifions by fea, to increafe the
tumults and diforder at Conftan-
tlnople. It is alfo probable that it
encouraged, in a coniiderable de-
gree, the rebellion that has broken
out in Egypt.

None of thefe confequcnces, ex-
cept the dcllrudion of the Turkiih
fleet, fcem equivalent to the vaft ex-
pcnces that hnve attended it, and
which at prcfent are ill adapted to
the (late of the Ruffian finances. It
may alfo perhaps be doubted, whe-
ther thev have not been counter-
balancea by the ruin and flau.hter
of the Greeks, who (eem by fome
fatality, to be devoted to inevitable
deflruiUon, wherever the Ruffians
appear in their favour.

This confequence was however
to have b^en expedled, from the ex-
ceffive ignorance of the Greeks, and
the inability of the Ruffians to (up-
port them with eftedl. It does not
indeed appear to have been good
policy in Ruffia, to have made (o
I'atal and ufelefs a trial of the d if-
pofition of th'ji'e unhappy people.
It was natural enough that they
jhould with for a deliverance from
thrir ^pprviToTi, and that, vain of
th^ir an:ic*nt naiiunal glor), ihjy
(h.uid thiu!: ihjroiwlvci p:)ttelicd of
the virtue o^ their anceilors : their
ignorance 01 gco^r^^Uy, of the lUtc

of Europe, and even of the Mhtf
of Ruffia to affifl them, would fiif«
ficiently account for any ad of mad-
nefs that they were capable of com*
mitting. The Ruffians are* boar-
ever, too well informed to imigioe
that a people immeried in a Gor«
ruption of two thoufand years, bro-
ken by long flavery, and funk thro*
every (late of degradation ; whofe
depravity, and total infenfibiHtyof
condition, were become proverbial,
and whofe imaginary bravery only
depended upon their having never
feen the face of an enemy, fhoald |
all at once do more thin inherit the
valour of their anceftors, and with-
out difcipline or knowledge of any
thing martial, not only encounter
reguUr forces, but fubdue thofe
conquerors to whom they had ba(e«
ly fubmitted when they were yet a
people, and the remuins of a great
empire. It would feem that this
trial fhould at lead have been re-
ferved for a better opportunity;
when they could have landed a fuf-
ficient body of forces to have kept
the field independently of the
Greeks, whom they were to confi-
de r only as feeble auxiliaries, but
willing fubjeds.

Upon the whole, thii war has
placed the military character of
Ruffia in a very high point of view*
And while their armies have gained
the greatcft honours in the field*
their i'ailors have learned to traverfe
new fcas, and to navigate and fight
under the diredion ol Englith offi-
cers. An admiral of our nation of
high note, and of fuperior know*
ledge in all ti.c p .res nf his profef^
fiun, has gone lately inco their t' r-
vice; and there is liule room to
CiOubt under his tuition, and from
kis acknoA'ledged jU'J(>mcat in the
cuniiru^'tion ol lhip», but their ina«

c; line

HISTORY OF EUROPE.

[5

liac will toon make ■ rcry refjpcA- fall down to the Tea, without taking

abk figure. out chdr heavy loading and gum.

In other icfpeAi there ii no doubt For thii reafon, the Ruffians built

boi Rofia will obtain the moll folid the port of Troiiza, a - few miles

■dvuiiBM), ID confequence of her lower down, but immediately on

facccfi to thii war ; among which the fea, where they had a good har<

the cAabliflinient'of fiich a barrier, bour, capable of building and re-

vwill fccure her whole European ceiving fliips of any burthen. The

6niiier from the future infalts of Streights of CaSk ire the only na-

liw Tartan, may be coofidered as vigable communication between the

an objcA of great importance : ai Black Sea and this of Azoph ; and

befide* their depopulating and pi
noting the cnltii-aiion of her bneft fidi
povincei, (he was at the expence of
(■ploying ;o,ooo men in peace and
war, in goardiug the lines upon that
bag extent of frontier. It i> alio
litile to be doobted in the prefent
drtnm (lances, thai the court of
Pnerfbnrgh will gain the grand and ways
fatouriie point which hi) been (b ihc g
long and fo^agerly coveted , of ella' and t
)lli£)ng a port, or perhapi more that :
than one) upon the Black Sea ; and the C
it it as probable that it will urge,
10 the Htmoft extent, the obtaining
a liberty to trade upon it in Ruffian
kottotni.

The renewing of the fbrtifica-
boos of Azoph, which were dellroy-
ed in pnrfnancc of the treaty of the
year 1759; or even the reftoring
01 the port of Troitza, or the Tri-
aiiy, would not aefwer all the pur-
pclcs, nor at prefent gratily the am-
bition of the ctHirt of Feierlburgh,
Th's city, which is the meiropolis
of the Cuban Tartary, lies on the
.A£atic Ihore of the ancient Tanai

the Turks are mailers on both
by erecting proper foriifica-
at Jenicola in Crim Tartary,
and on the oppofite Ihore of the
illand of Taman, which form the
Streighc, they might command the
navigation of it. Notwichftanding
thele impediments, Azoph hac al-
en confidcrcd ai a place of
iicll importance co Raffia,
and was accordingly t!ie lirll objeCl
that attrafied the ambition of Peter
the Great ; who, as foon as he found
himfelf fole mafler by the death of
hii brother, and that the Turks
were engaged in a lofing war wiUi
the Emperor and Venice, took th.tt
opportunity in the year 1 696, to be-
ficge and take it. The had Rate of
the Turkilh affairs, togeiher with
hii being included as an ally by the
olher holhle powers, obliged iheni
to cede it to him by ihe treaty of
Carlowilz ; and nothing but the
imminent clanger in uhich both he
and bis army were involved many
vears after upon the banks of the
.[h, could have obliged him to

t called the Don, a few miles reflore it.

fnin its jun^on with the eallcrn Pirn that lie immediately on the

cstremity of the Palus Meotii, which Black Sea, are the Icall that it can be

BOW takes its name from the city. expeAed will now content Rullta ;

Though the harbour of Azoph was and thofe of Oczacow and Kimburn,

capable of receiving vcITels of con- fituaicd onriiherfideof the mouthof

£aerable fize, yet liom fome fhoals ihegreatriveiBDrylihenrsorNieper,

that ciofled the nvernear the mouth, are ready to drop into their hands,

tAufe of a cetuin burthen could not Thcfe foroelFcs, together with Ben-
[^] J der.

6] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

der, and Bialgorod, both on the Nie-
fter, and which are already in their
poffcSion, would, befides a fjHiclent
length of fea-coall, and a great ex-
lent of coantry, give them the iole
command of thefc great rivers, and
fhut in the remaining Tartars in
fuch a manner, as would totally
prevent their future incurfions.

Another part of the great primary
defign formed by the court of Pe-
ter(burgh, dill remains for comple-
tion i and is a matter of fuch im-
portance, as to render its ifTue much
more doubtful than thofe we have
already mentioned. The obtaining
of a free right of trade to and from
the Mediterranean, diredly through
the Streights of the Dardanelles, is
an innovation of fuch a nature, and
pregnant with fuch confequences,
as cannot fail to be ferioully alarm-
ing to moil of the commercial ilates
of Europe. Without pretending to
enter into the motives which may
operate upon the prefent ruling fyC-
tern of policy, it is certain that in
the war of the year 1739» ^^^ mini-
ileri of the maritime powets at Con-
itantinople, though their refpedtive
courts were dircdlly adverfe in all
other politics to that of Verfailles,
in this inlUnce coincided with it,
and equally oppoicd the Ruitians
obtaining any (hare of the Levant
or Mediterranean trade. Nor is it
to be thought that any thing but
the moll extreme necefllcy, and eve-
ty other hope of prefcrving a tem-
porary cxiilence being at an end,
can ever bring the Porte to fuhmit
to fo fatal a conccllion. The 'i'ur-
kiOi empire no longer exills, when
Raiila becomes mitlrefs of tne Buck
Sea.

We take thefe to be the outlines
of the great purpofes, which the
coartof Peteribargh wiflies to ac«

complifh, in confequence of its fuc-
cefs in this war. To fecure for the
future, with little expence, an al-
moil unbounded length of frontier,
which has been hitherto badly
maintained bylines, and an endlefs
chain of forts ; to gain, along with
fecurity, a large acceifion of new
territory and new fubjeds ; to ac«
quire a great and extcnftv'e com-
merce ; and to become a firft-4'ate
maritime power, are objedla ade-
quate to fuch fucccTs.

The Grand Signior has borne with
amazing firmneis, the heavy loiTes
and misfortunes of the war ; nor
have his licentious foldiers, nor tu-
multuous fubjeds, gone to thofe ex-
tremities, which pad experience of
their condud would have given room
to expe£l, under fuch a (eries of ca-
lamities. Neither have thcfe mighty
evils, nor the dangers with which he
is furrounded, dillurbed trie equani-
mity of this prince's mind, or pre*
cipitated him in the manner of his
ancedors, to ads of injuftice, vio-
lence and cruelty ; on the contrary
we fee, that with a lenity before un-
heard of at the Porte, the muft un-
fortunate of his commanders (ex-
cept in the fingle indance of the
capatan. pacha or high admiral) not
only efcape with their lives, but
without any other puniihment than
their removal to oiher departments,
from thofe oi?ices, in which they
were unfortunTite. The fame mo-
deration is obfervable to his Chrif-
tian fubjcds ; and notwithftanding
the rebellion of the Greeks and the
unheard of violences and barbari*
ties they committed, we hear of no
vengeance that he has taken, either
upon the perfons or goods of their
inoifending brethren. The vil-
lainies committed by the failort and
dei'erttrs* or the milchiefs occafion-

ed

HISTORY OF EUROPE.

' the nge of the populace in
ci(ic», are out of ihi; quc ftion ;
>cii g equally outrafjcs to go-
leni ai to the {uffcrcr; a -.d ai
le»erelv pnniihed at different

Su.h'enorinuics, inlrfs uy-
:d Iris healing circunillanccs,
been ion often pra^ik-d in
ie- whrre a more perfect lorm
-.eiDine-.t, and a purer reli-
ifere boaileii.

aiever ihe confequencrsof ihe
ay '-'■:, ih i prince hai noc hi-
JCp-artc- ,r<im his proper dig-
> avoid :nem; ar d if he h.tt

conii^:nce in fotne fupport
«h..:h tbe public are unac-
cd, h.i cOTiUancy in this in-

is irul/ remarkal.lL-. We
io.Aiih:Uniiing the anparal-
jife* Pt the preil'iit year, tiuc

m-kitig every preparjiiun
port the uar, ind to carry

eniui.-g campaig. with vi-

anJ it kii been rumoured
; i. 'tended lo coinmai^d the
army in perlon.

Turiij .ire. however, no lon-
■ iJine; and it -oulJ require
han ihe a!>iiitics ot the Uzar

u^;. eiiier to civ.lizc tin; fa-
'd inltrua the ignotaiu, than
imthi^degeneraietro.iwivrt-

habi:.-. 'Ihisvart.ill fojnd-
un.vctld)' empire, iecinj ,ii-

tj iNg to it, (..il, atid Lo-
ot itt lituailoii could !uppt>r[

I longer. Its Eurtipean pof-
brii.g it, in a coniiJcrable
wiihm ihc fyi^em of the
uropt-n rccuiiiic; a hajpy

lar.ce at prtient to the Ot-

noble provinces of Greece,
itic lurky, and Ej.'ypl, to-
*i:h ih: numerous ivIeditLT-
illandi, the Signer/ of the

Black Sea, ind it) adjoining pro-
vinces, from fituaiion, prt>du£ls, and
nuiDbcrle;! other advantages, might
become in any other hand*, and any
other furm of government, the cen-
ter of commerce, riches, and power;
and thi* greateft cirptre perhaps in
the world. Even a divilion of the
rpoil would totally change the faca
of affairs in Europe; atid perhapt
caule as great a revolution in riches,
power, and commerce, i» the dif-
covery of America did. While the
indolence, religious principles, and
wretched policy of the Turk*, pre-
vent their making a proper ufc of
thofe blefiings, which fortune has fo
fruitiefsly bellowed opon them, it
is the general interelt of the i-e(l of
Etiropc, that they Ibould continue
in fuch improvident hands. In anv
other, fuch powers would have been
dangerous, if not fatal.

It may perhapi be worth remem-
brance, that within little more than
two hundred years, a bold pirate,
>^i[h only the Icum and outcalls of
the Levant, became lorereign of the
fea, dcltroycd and founded king-
doms, and made half the Ibores of
J-iirope trtmble. The military ge-
nius and k:iowledge of the Turks
arc now exilndi. They are no lon-
ger terrible ; and befidcs the fafety '
iii.li ariiiis fium ihcir weaknefs, and
l.iKn their ignoranc- in maritime
aa':iirs. the commercial Hates carry
on an advantageous trade for and
ui:h them ; and thro' their want of
ii^Juitry. have the additional bene-
fit of fieighi, for conveying their
commodities from one part of the
empire to the other.

Such fitms 10 be the prefent
ftate of thi: belligerent powers ;
and notwitiillanding the great fuc-
ceiTi's of RuHia, we cannot think
lliat peace, upon fuch advaotage-
[^J + out

t} ANNUAL REGlSTfiR, 1770.

0118 terms as (he may equitably re-
qaire* can be an ande Arable ob-
jed to ber. The expences of fo
complicated 1 war, carried on by
Tea and land at fuch a diftance
from her dotninions, are far be-
yond what her finances can bear.
Recruiting, in Raffia, from the
vail diilanCe of the provinces, the
length of time taken, and the dif-
ficulties that occur in traverfing
fuch Ijoundlefs and inhofpltable
defarts as lie between them, and
above all from the mortal averfion
to the fervice which pofTciTes the
people, is attended with greater
lofs and difficulty, than in any
other country in the world. For
though the diitridls are obliged to
furnifh their quotas of men, they
muft be flri^ly and flrongly guarded
by a fuperior force, from thence
to the place of their deftination^
fo that the number of troops em-
ployed upon this bufinefs is almoft
incredible ; and notwithftanding
the utmoft care that can be taken,
they frequently lofe half the re-
crjiits, before they join their re-
giments ; which can be eafily con-
ceived from the numberlefs op-
portunities of efcape that mud pre-
fent. in a journev perhaps of three
or four thoufana miles, and which
frequently lafts for feveral months :
nor does the evil reft here, for as
the deferter^ (from the particular
form of the government) can never
return to their homes, nor mix
again with the community, they
are obliged to retire to the woods,
where they herd in conGderable
bodies, and continue for the refl
of their lives in the moil favage
ilate, (uh^tdn^ by robbery, and
committing innamerable mur-
deri.

It it alfo obfervable, that thtf
Ruffians, though bred in a nor^
thern climate, and naturally ro-
buft and of (Irong bodies, lofe
more men by ficknefs in a cam-
paign than any other armies in the
world ; this, in a great meafure,
may be imputed to the conilant
habit of the extreme hot vapour
baths, which they ufe regularly
twice a week when at home, and
thereby caufe a mod violent per-
fpiration ; and with which it is im-
poffible they (hould be fupplied in
a camp. The feYerity of their
lents, which take up more than
half the year, contribute alfo to
this mortality ; for though the
clergy, not only diipenfe with their
keeping them when on fervice, but
by order of the court have taken
great pains to recommend the con-
trary, they are, notwithftanding
fo fuperftitionfly attached to them,
that they will endure any thing,
even death, fooner than be guilty
of the fmalleft violation of the
rules*

Depopulation is the bane of
Ruffia; and the lofs of lives in
this war muft be prodigious, and
for the length of time, greatly ex-
ceed that of any former period.
How fenfible fhe is of the heavy
expences of the war, is evident
from the large loans which (he has
negociated at Amfterdam and other
places, and which ftie had at-
tempted at Venice, till the rt verfe
of fortune in the Morel damped
the fpirit of the lenders.

As to an intention of puihing
her conquefts much farther, or
even an obftinate determination of
retaining the Danubian provinces^
it is probably no part of the pre-
fcnt fyftem of Ruffia« Such a coa«

daft

HISTORY OF EUROPE.

[9

iuBt ntgfat give too much Dmbrage
H> her gnu ftnd jeilotu neign.
boon, who thoogh GlcDt fpcAa-
ton. fiaad rodf ».rmti, wttchfully
■iBDtire to all the eveati of the
war. She lui the balance obw' in
Jkt hand* ; the coDfequcDCea that
lajr atteod a pcrfeverance

frigate for twrniy dajri, and the
taking off of her rudder, in time
of prr'^Duid peace between the two
nation), v/»t an injury of fuch »
naiuie, ai kaicely left rocm for a
hope [hat ihefe evils could have
been averted.

imodation haa.hotvevert

warmaft be very nncertain; bat no taken placefince iheendoftbeyeari

peace can be propofed in ber pre- which, for the prefent, hai in fome

lent fnperioricy, that will not add degree ftinned over the fare, with-

highly to her poweri fpiendour, and out removing the caufei from which

adVaatage. it proceeded. The continuatioa of

Oa the other hand, the pr'at the general repofe, feems, indeed,

loAcs which the Porte hat fullained, principally owing to accidental or

the hopcleflneri of being able to unforefeen evenu: of thele, mzj

recover them in the prefent Hate of principally be confideied the cala-

AA armtrt, the danger to which midei of the people in Prance,

tbcir illandt are fnbjefl from the proceeding from civil dibadions,

kability of the marine to proiefl from tempelh, torrenia, an carth-

^m, and the revolution in E^ ypt, quake which nearly ruined the

Bihich requires to be fpeedily check-
ed, before Ali Bey extends hi) con-

id of St. Domingo ; and a

from the inclemcDcy

: toul loii of

qaeili, and has time to eftablith his of the feafons ; to all which may
goremment ; all ihefe caufei make l. _ii.i .■. i «..■■» .
peace much t» be wilhed for at
Conflantinople, and worth the pur-
chafe, at any price, almoU, which
it can be fuppofed Ruffia will think
it prudent to Gz upon it. Upon
ike whole, from the prefent appear.

added the i
public credit,

ordinary meafures cakea lall year,
and purfued in this, in regard to
their funds : to thefe caufcs we are
probably only to lack for the pre-
fervilion of the general tranquil-
uces on both lides, we fhould lity, ai it cannot be imagined that
imagine peace not to be at a great Spain would have ventured opoii
diftance. the Comn:i!iIon of fo during an 2'ft

While the rage of war was lay- of hodility, againll a naiioa whcfe
iog waflc the countries from the power Ibc had fo lately and fa
north-call to the foulh of Europe, latally expcricncrJ, if fhe had not
ill calamities were very near being a full alTurance at the time that it
extended to the weft and center, wag refolveJ on, of being eH^'cflu*
and might pcllibly in its conic- ally fupported by all the other
qoevces have nearly involved the branchesof the Bourbon line. Nor

whole. The violent afl of hodilii
committed by Spain, in difpolTeffing
England by force of its feulemcnt
io Falkland's illand), accompanied
with a new and unheard-of infult

was the objefl
degree of fufficteot »i
rize (he rifque of a v
not been biendsd

tth t.

a:h^

f the i)l difpolition of that

fcred to the Britilh flag, bv the family to Great Briuin,
fivdble deuntlon of a King's jealoufy arilJng from the progrcfi

of

lo] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

of the Ruffians in tlie Levant,
had not operated with fuperior
force.

The whole attention of the court
of Spain has accordingly been
taken up during the prelent year
in preparations for a war. We
have formerly obferved^ that no
pains or expence had been fpared,
for fome years pad, in putting their
Weil- India poiTeflions in a mod re-
fpeflable (late of defence : this has
been continued with redoubled di-
ligence, while large bodies of
troops have been fucceflively em-
barked from Europe for that quar-
ter, and a very formidable naval
force was preparing at the Ha-
▼anna.

At home every thing bore the
face or war. Levies were made
with the greated indudry ; all young
sncn above the age of fifteen were
enrolled ; the troops were marched
from the interior provinces to the
fea-coads, where great quantities
of heavy artillery and dorcs were
alfo fcnt, to put the tortredes there
in the bed date of defence. The
city and port of Cadie were par-
ticularly attended to, and fuch
fpceJy meafurcs taken for its de-
fence, as fudicicntly indicated the
apprehcnfion of an attack. The
navy was already in fuch a date,
as diewcd that the prcfcnc event
was by no means uncxpeflcd. A
lliong fleet was formed at Icrrol,
and there were confidcrable fqua-
drons dationcd both at Carthagena
and at Cadiz. Every thing both
at Tea and land fccmed to threaten
an immediate attack upon Gibral-
tar, which wa* but weakly garri-
foned, and could have expected no
timely ailida'!ce fiom home for its
prr.t«<f\icn. A fimilur defign feemed
to be formed in the >Vcd-Jndie<

againd the idand of Jamaica, which
feemed to be in equal circamdancet
of danger, as there was no naval
force in that quarter that could
have prevented its taking place.
Upon the whole, whatever the
circum dances were that prevented
a war at the prefent jan£lure, they
feem to have been highly fortunate
to England, as, thro' fome unac-
countable negligence, we were to-
tally unprepared, both at home and
abroad, for an event which all
Europe expected to take place ;
and our navy was far from being in
that immediate date of fervice,
which it diould always be in a
great maritime country like this,
whofe power and fecurity depend
in fo great a degree upon its ma-
rine.

The fame weak and cruel fydem,
which has fo long difg raced the
government of Portugal, becomes
every day more glaring and dread*
ful in its edcds, and feems finally
*to threaten the total ruin of that
country. Real or pretended con-
fpiracies with all the cruel con-
fequenccs peculiar to that govern-
ment, are now fo common as to
excite neither furprize nor pity.
At the fame time, private execu-
tions, without any form or pre-
tence of trial, the mod dreadful
and abhorred by mankind, of all
the vices of defpotifm, are faid to
be the prJ'cnt favourite mode of
removing the obnoxious, and may
be confidcred as the completion
of this fydem. The prime mini-
der, the principal aftor in the
tragedy, does not feem to be much
more at his eafe than the fpedla-
tors ; and has arrived at that ul-
timate perfedtion of tyranny, the
fear of being feen by his fellow-
citizenSf wiiluHit a drong military

guard

HISTORY OF EUROPE.

t-i

gnrd It a pratedion againft tbeir
fd'eatiDfni.

We WiYt freqoently had ocnGon
to obferve with rej^rei, the un-
fitendiy tri-atnent which the Eng-
lilh have 'or lome jeart nier wiih,
in tne c-Mirfe of their commerce
with this GiHintry ; and wh ch li^i
been coniinaally J .creaFng, ever
fince ih.- derpoiifm of the prrfcnt
minis r hl^ b-ei; fully eab.ilhed.
Grejt hi'p« h»d been Ibrmed at
diffrrent limot upon the appoint-
ment ot new miniiler* to that rouri,
t.at ihey were endued with liich
pjwert, aid would have purfued
Ulr meafures, ai by reinltating
milters upon their natural bafia,
and recurring to the fpiril of the
ULatie) tuiiiltmg bi^iiveen thL- two
Di:inn*. wr<iilil nave finally trrnii'
GK-d i\\ diipjies, and have guard-
ej eiT.'dj.ill. for the future, a^ainft
ih -I'r opprirSiotii and continued
cau 01 of c 'mplaini, under which
to; Britiih merchanu and fa&ory

hid fo long laboured. The pub-
lic, befidci being deeply iatereJted,
were the more fanguine in thcfc ex-
peflaiioni, :9 it leemed to require
no great depih ot argument, nor
any veiy Ipt-cious colouring, to
cimvincc the court of Portugal how
cnJucive it was to iti intereft, and
h'>w neceffary even to its fafety, to
cultivate ihe friend<hip of Great
BriLain, and to preferve inviola-
bly ihofe treaties, which had been
founded upon the wifeft policy, for
the mutual benefit of both nationt.
B;:lide3, no new claim was fet up,
no right nor privikge demanded,
but what had been eltabli(hed by
mutual concurrence, and coafirm-
ed by the uninterrupted ufage of a
long fuccefliim of years : and it
could be eafily proved, that the ad-
vantages arifing from the alliance
and fricndlhip fubGlHng between
the 1*0 nations, were to the full
as much in favour of Portugal as
England.

jlcccual cf

CHAP. II.

ir m lit DaKkit. Stale ef iht arin'ti during the •wimer.

lis csuHirici that loert ibejt.il kf the luar. BattU at the

,a v.-ht,h tb, Kam if ihj Tartan .j ^tf,.aled. Grand ^1:

Dui he. Gnat tallle foagbt beliutm the Prulh and the Cahul,

'^bicb General R^maizs.v gained a cenpleat ijia-y. The Turks p

l\ia IB the Danube, and Mg.-J 10 crc/i thai ri vtr •wilb great io/i.

■arga.

TH B new grand vizir Halil
Bev, diJ not arrive at the
camp ncar'ihe D^nuSe 'lill the lat-
ter end (if tl e vear, though h? had
nicd the utmoli CKpcLliiion fur thst
purpoie, at ihe difordcrs committed
by the J mizarici and other loldi'
crt, became every day more al rm-
inj. Tne ri.ltoring of any dt'grcc
CI order and fuboroination, among
f.ch liceutiout and mutinoui troops.

who had long indulged themfelrei
in the moll intolerable exceffe*, and
liad already malTacrcd feveral of
their prin.ipal officers, and were
more Jilpot'ed 10 theath their fwordt
in each o:hers brealls, than to face
an enemy, prefented fuch difficult
tie:;, as perhapi neither the cou-
rage, nor abiliiies of the vizir could
have furmounied, if he had not
taicett the prudent precaution, of
being

la] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

being attended by fourfcore males,
loaded with gold and filver coin.
A proper diftribution of ibis mo-
ney, had however its efFedt, and
enabled him* in fome degree, to
bring about a reformation that was
fo much wanted.

As the provinces of Moldavia
and Walaclua, were obje^s of the
greateft importance to the Porte>
the vizir determined, if pofiible, to
pToBt during the winter^ of the
dillance of General Romanzow's
army, and however contrary to the
genius of his troops, to triumph for
once over the inclemency of the
feafon. This projed was the more
capable of fuccefs, as the Turks
were not only mafters of the Da-
nube, but were dill po(refl*ed of
Ibrailow, and fome other fortreiTes
in VValachia. The delign was
worthy of a commander, and if it
fucceeded to its full extent, the
vizir would have had the honour
to have retrieved during} the win-
ter, the fatal mifcarriages of Mol-
dovangi All Pacha, and the cam-
paign would again have been open-
ed on the banks of the Nieller.

in confequence of this determi-
pation, the Ruffians, who were lla-
tioned in the conquered provinces,
found that neither the ieafon, nor
the fuccefTes of the late campaign,
were fufiicient to procure them rell
or fat'ety in their quarters. A con-
tinued and cruel war was carried
on during the loog enfuing winter
tod fpring, in which a number of
fmall but bloody engagements were
fought, of which we have but few
particulars, and thofe that are given
very imperfcd), and contradidory
in every circumllance of placCj
time, and event.

Upon the whole, thefe anions
were not produdUve of any coofe-

qaence of great moment ; at the
fame time that they were attended
with the lofs of a great number of '
men, and the troops were haraiTed
and ruined on both (ides. The
Ruffians were in general fuccefsful
in the field ; which indeed may be
concluded, as well from the fuc-
ceeding, as the. preceding fortune
and condudl of the war. Thus the
grand vizir's defign did not take
place in its full extent, which was
to drive the Ruffians beyond the
Nieftcr, and make that river, fo
far as the fortrefs of Choczim would
admit, once more the line between
the two armies at the opening of
the campaign : it however fucceed-
ed in part, and if every thing elfe
had been equal between them, the
confequences might have been very
confidcrable ; having it in his powtr
to throw frefb troops whenever be
pleafed over the Danube, he not
only removed the enemy totally
from the borders of that river ; but
he by degrees fo (Ireightened them
in their quarters, and they were fo
weakened by fatigue and the con-
tinued lofs of men, that^he reco-
vered the whole province of Wala-
chia, and the lower part of Molda-
via, and thereby opened the com-
munication again by land, with
Beil'arabia and the Tartars. .

In the mean time the country
prefented a fceneofthe mod dread-
ful defolation ; every thing was de-
(Iroyed ; fuch of the wretched in-
habitants, as had not the fortune
to efcape to the neighbouring coun-
tries, naked and dcftitute of every
thing, became either (laves to the
Tartars, or vidims to the revenge
and fury of the Turks. Ac length*
having compleated the redudlloo of
the province, the vizir appointed
Monalfchif i Greek of great cou-

rar

HISTORY OF EUROPE. [ij

tage tad ability, ta be Holpoilir of the grand vixir's army would hive

It, in the room of Greeono Giko, imoanted to [vra handred thoufand

who <mt then at PeterlbDr^h, and men ; and ii i» probable that if the

mi cbarged with bctraymg the Tartan are included u a part of

coantrj to the RnfSaiM^ The it, and the different detachiDent*

Torkiih revenge beinp alfo fated, taken in, it may not fall Aiort of

it wai too laie coDfidered, that a that number. It was however verjr

coDHtry without inhabitanii could fickly; malignant feveri of the

be of little afe to the polTeflbr, and moll dangerous kind, which 6naIIy

the viair iSiied an inelfeftual pro- terminated in the plague, having

damaiion. to afTure the Greek* of through the whole courfe of the

prateAion, and to encourage the year made a dreadful havock in it,

ngitives to rctnin to their codq- The war in the Morea contributed

Uj. to Icffcn itj numbers considerably.

The Rnffian generaU were not and its force. much more, aa the

nuch mere at eaf*, thoagh in fer- Albanian* and Epirots, who were

vice of left danger, who were em- employed upon that fervicc, are

ployed during the winter upon the among the braveU foldiers in the

long extended frontier of Poland Turkilh empire,

and tbe Ukraine, than thofe who We have fern no authentic lilt

were ftationed in the Danubian of the RulTian fcrcei that were on

prorincei. Here tbe Tartars re- aflual fervicE in this campaign. By

acwed their callomary ravages, and the beft accounts that have been

thoagh ihefe tncorlion) were at- publilhed ofthe Itatc of tbi^ empire.

tended with

that they were fometimes fevcrely
chaflifed, their route, whether vic-
ton or vanquilhed, U generally fa-
tal to the inhabitants of the coun-
tries through which they paft.

The Rellian troops difperfed in
different parts of Poland, were as
fully employed by the confederates,
«ho Teemed to increafe in courage
and boldneft, if not in numbers,
by their coniinued lolfes. Thus
the army under the command of tti
General Romanzow on the banks .1^
of the Nielter, wai ilie only par: ei'
of ihe Rulliai forces, '

r;oy «

ing the »

and thjt wn) cxrmpt from th:: fa-
ti^ufi and dangers of ibe war.

Great pr<-p;<iaiiuns were mid^
01 both GJe» tor the opening of
&.' campaign ; and the P.jrte ftem-

iti paft IoITm. It was repoited that

ippears ihatRuOiaci
means fupport above 130,000 re-
gular forces, for any ccnilderible
length of lime out of the country ;
and that the armies employed in her
former wars, were generally much
Ihort of that number. As 'to the
irregular troops, of ivbich Ihe can
empl.iy !'J"^ amazing numbers, they
are only of ufe in fuch wiMs aa art
generally the fcene of their opera-
"*"is, and againll fuch enemies as
Tartars ; if ihcy were to aft
linlt regular forces, and in lit
bird country, ihcy would ruin
ir fHends inllead of their ene-
;). Winterer the numbers were,
y ucrc this campaign divided in-
many pzr.i i the'

by (;."in

il Rot

by O

he fiJl
lin, Gencr?.] Prolb-
d toiiatd- Ocr'Vow.
the head uf a conlidercble body
of

14] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

of troops, and General Berg agaioft excellency of the prodadls, are par*
Crim Tartary with another. As no haps eqaal to any, and are crrrtainly
fervice was expe^ed from the two fuperior to moft in Europe. From
lafty more than to cha(lire> and keep the farprizing laxuriaacy of their
the Tartars in awe» it is probable pailures, which are fcarcely to be
that their detachments coalifted al- parallefed in any part of the world,
mod entirely of irregulars, and that they produced, befides admirable
the two armies commanded by Ge- horfes, almoft incredible numbers
neral Romanzow and Count Panin, of excellent oxen and (heep, with
contained the greatell part of the which, notwithftanding the repeat-
regular forces. ed calamities they have undergone.

The campaign, from the dcfolate they have long iupported ihe mar-
flate of the adjoining countries, ketsof Conftantinople. Their other
could not be opened early on either products in corn, wine, oil, honey
fide, and it was not rill the end and wax, bcfides a great variety of
of May that General Romanzow's mines, were*, in a date of culture,
army had paffed the Nieder, near equal to thofe we have already roen-
Choczim, though there was no tioned. The people were ca!cu-
enemy in that quarter to impede lated to enjoy thele bleifings, being
his progrefs. The greater part of able-bodied, brave, and warlike,
the Grand Vizir's army, alfocrofTed Their power was fuch, that not-
the Danube in the beginning of witnftanding their groaning under
June, and it was computed that a cruel and execrable domeflic go-
in that month, there were above vernment, the prince of Walachia*
300,000 combatants mortally bent a few centuries ago, was able at a
upon each others deilrudion, en- (hort notice, to bring from thac
clofcd in the provinces of Molda- province only, 70,000 men into the
via, Walachia and BefTarabia. field againd the Turks.

Thefe three provinces, along AH thefe advantages were infaf-

with Tranfylvania, formed much iicient to protect them againd fini-

thc greatcd and mod confiderable fier events. The primary caufe of

part of the ancient Dacia. They their ruin, was the cruel and arbi-

lie between the 43d and 48th de- trary conduct of their dcH^ots: the

grees of latitude, and are defended bad neighbourhood of the Germans

on three fides, by the Nieder, the and Turks, equally inildious and

Black Sea, and the Danube; the oppredive in their dcfigns, and ever

former on the north feparates Mol- watchful to take an advantage of

davia and BefTarabia from Poland their didTenfions, precipitated their

and Little Tartary, the Black Sea dedruflion; the wretched policy*

is the boundary on the ead, and and cruel government of the Porte,

the Danube (huts in Walachia, have compleated it. Thus have

from Bulgaria and Servia on the thefe fine countries been reduced to

fottth ; Tranfylvania and the Ban- little better than a defart ; and luch

nat of Temefwar, form the wedern are the unhappy efFeds of a cruel

boundary. Thefe countries, whe- ind defpotic government, to ren-

ther we cqnfider the happinefs of der vain all the bounties of nature,

the climate, the extraordinary fcr- and to make the fined {arts of the

ulity in general of the foil, or the globe, equally derile and iohofpi-

tablo

• HISTORY OF EUROPE. [ij

•iih iu Boft banen noan- «4iich never exceeded, Imh wu ge-
nerally madi nader 80,00a mem.

iml Romamcnr, after croffiDg For the proteAion of thi* cnomoH

efter, moved very flovtf te< trua of orriaget, the arnijr maft

the Pruib : both tHcfe rivera be thrown inio reveral Urge divifi-

. Poland, aad bold a parallel ons, wfaich are formed into great

, mnning from the north- well fqaaret, u the center of whicl) Um

foath-caft ; the tatter enteri provifioni and baggage are placed,

ivia above ChtKziin, where it and in thii order they are obliged

I way through the Carpathian to march ; a method of fecuricy out

aiai, which fill np the narrow cnnld only be adc^ted in thofe

y between the riven, that boandleTs and level plaint, which

K here above twenty inilei create the necefliiy. '

r, and fiinn the dangeroot de- Snch impediment* eafily accMBt

:al1ed the Sreigkti of Tfcher- for the flownefi of General Romaa-

i, or Precop, celebrated in zow'a motioni, which were proba-

for tke nnrober of remark- bly guided at the fame time by

aitles, that have been fought ihofe of Count Panin, who waa

near them. The Pmth runi marching along the Niefter with s

'hole length of Moldavia, train of heavy artillery, and all tho

it dividei into two parti, the other apparatm neceflary to Ibrm

y between the riven growing the fiege of Bender. Several great

[tally wider, from its parting detachments from the hoRile ar-

louniains to near.iti conflu- mies, were alfo contending for ths

'ith ihe Danube, where they pofleffion of the country, which liea

rar aoo milei afander, tnd between the Mcddau, the Pmth*

t the whtde province of Bef- and the Sereth ; in the courie af

I between them. which feveral engagemenia had

Ruffian army firQ direAed happened, an,d more than one of

irfe to Jafly the capital of ihe Ruffian Generals were faid to

via, fituaied on the Pmth, h»-c been roughly treated, Thefe

100 milei to the fonth-eafl of events, though (6 obfcurely and

im ; a great part of ihe inter- imperfefily told aa not to admit of

le country is naturally a de- a detail, and afterwards totally ab-

:ujg lotallydeitiinte of water, fotbed in the glare of fuccefi that

: th*y were obliged to carry followed, had probably an inflaence

'tide, a« well as every other on the coaduft of the grand army,

ofprovifionaloQg with them, as it is not oiherwife eafy to ac<

perations of a war in thofe count, how it fiioold have fpeni

), mull feem very ftrange to near a month after it) departor«

( have been only acquainted from Choczim, without an enemy,

■at art in the cultivated pans that we have any account of being

ope. It appears that in the in the way, in advancing leC* than

igns made by Count Munich, 300 miles.

the war of the year t736. However ibii was, General Ro-

ieneral found a necelTiiy of manzow bavini; left JalTy to the

itly employing 90,000 wag- right, advanced along the courfe of

for the fupply of an army, the Ptutb, till he arritwd at that

part

i61 ANNUAL RE

part oftht river» which« fo far as we
can comprehend the account, icems
to have been nearly parallel to fiv-n-
dtr ; from which it was diilaiH
about 1 20 miles. In the mean time
m conftderable army of Turks and
Tartars marched along on the fame
iideof the river to meet
Jone 25th. them. When the two ar-
mies came in fight, the
Turks immediately, and with great
judgment,' changed their pofition,
and took pofTcilion of a moti advan-
tagcou's camp, which they as lud-
denly forii£.e4 in (he llrongeft man-
Bcr.

This army was commanded by
Capian Ghieri, Kan of the Crimea;
a mark to him of the greateil ho-
nour, and of uncommon confidence
in the Porte ; for as thel'e Kans are
jbeifb to the empire, in failure of
iflue in the Ottoman line» it haS
been the cooftant policy of thit
family, not to entrufV them with
the fuprcme command of a Tukilh
army. This prince had three ba-
fha's under his command, and the
army was faid to confift of about
80,000 men. The ground on which
they encamped, was a (beep, rocky,
and almoft inacceffible emi.ience,
wliich the Ruffian account calls a
mount tin, covered on one fi !e by
the Pruth, and on the other by the
little river Larga.

This camp was fo well chofen,
and the ground fo difHcuU, that
Bctwithftanding the repealed efforts
4»f General Roma:!'.:o\v to h«inr» on
an engagement, it was above inrcc
weeks before he cou!^! haz.ir.i a g*:-
lieral attack, i Ic T>:ik& no: bc-
in<^ inured to tu.i: rrict iLciplinc,
©or tempered hy ihnt li'nt^ lervicc,
virhich enable^. \;ji..'riu luldicrs ^>
bear with p}:i:ic!ii.'j, the liL',ht and

^oaiinued i^dalu uf aa enemy «

GISTER, 1770.

twenty thoufand of their braveH par*
tizans descended from their ftrong
camp, and attacked the Ruffiaai
wi h great refolution ; but were re-
puKed, and beaten back to their
camp with con fiderable lofs.

At length, foroe difficulties bar*
ing been probably removed, or fome
favourable circumilances occurred,
with which we are not acqaaintedy
the Ruffians, three days after this
engagement, mounted
the hills at the dawn July iStli.
of the morning, where
they found four great and ftrong
entrenchments, covered with a no-
merous artillery ; thefe they attack*
ed with great refolution, and met
with as obilinate a defence. The
Ruffians however triumphed over
all oppofition, and beat them fac-
ceffively out of the four entrencb-
ments, after which the Turks aban-
doned their camp, and fled in tbc
greateft diforder. The viflors bo-
came pofTefTed of a graat booty
upon this occafion, befides thirty-
eight pieces of brafs cannoo« and
feveral other trophies.

No account is given of the lofs on
either fide, in killed, woimded^ or
prifoners, in this engagement; it is
only faid that of the Ruffians was
moderate, confidering the length
and importance of the adion. We
arc as much in the dark as to tbe
manner in which the retreat was
conducted, and whether there was
any purfuit ; even t]\e route which
the i urks t ok after the battle, is
on'v to uc difcovcrcd by comparing
oii;.r circu(;iliunccs, which had no
immediaic relation to this adlion*
In a word, the account given of
thi'j battle, though aiiributed to
ijencrr.l !\«^m.i..z^w, i:> fo inaccQ-
rate, lau it i*» only by dcdudioo»
fram the lormcr aad fubl'equesc

couduft

HISTORY OF EUROPE. [57

|m1b3 of tke campaign^ tlui the caiitioDt comiaamler might have

He of tbe Prutb on which it hap' heficaud till he had loll hii army.
fcaed coold be sfceruiaed, 41 by The Ruffian army wai greiily

OM pan of it the TurkiOi Cfap weakened by making ihii ^'tachV

fcena co have been opon the right, neat 1 and the inequality of nuni*

wd by uot^ oa tbe left of tbw ben wat fudi, ai in cummoa ca-fi

rircr. would hare made it inex.-afable to

Tho riflorf at the river Lar{^ have rtdud a battle. The Generat

«rai only a prelude to, and contn- however having duly weighed the

blied toaccelerataaoeiauch greit-. goodoeri of l^ii ttoopt, the coa-

cr i whidi at the fame time that it nJeoce ^Oi which they were in-

4ne* tbc greaiell bonoor to the mi- fpired from a long cburie of faccefi^

)iiai7 abilitiei of General Roman- and the coofequeocei that might

CO*. eAaUifbei the jo fin ice fgperi- refult from the «dangerouf dcSgn

eriiy of the Bufliaa iraopt beyond ibrtned by the' Tariafi, rero)ve4

s doabi ; and evince) ali^oft to a boldly to aitaclf the inemy next

demo nitration, that in tha prefent morning. The Ruffian army wa*

|lilc of arqi, and difcipline among accordingly in motion before light^

the Tnrici, there ii fcarce a pofii- and began ii* niarch at the brtalc

bility of their Jfcing able to cope of day. Ad nnexpefled incident

viih them. which took .place in the night.

The )Uq of the Tartan having would have A<iggered a mind oF

tnreated toward* the Danube, the lefs Grmnef*, and damped the coa-

Graod Visir thought proper to rage of any but Veteran Iroopt.

crols that lirer at Jfatlka, at the Ai foon at the morning had deam

lead of the grand army to fuppffrt up, the General perceired to kif

hiai. Geoeral Romanzow in the great aflonifb-ncnt, that the Turkic

mean tine porfucd fail nvch along not with landing their prodigiooi

fhe Pmth, tovardi it* oooBuence numben, and the dariag counte-

witk the Danube. The tiyo armies nance the^ bore in the ereaingt

^mc in fight of each other in the bad fortified their camp during

evening, and at eight o'clock the (be night with no lefs than ihrco

Tariu encamped at about ± mijn great and ftrong enirencjfneati.

diSance from the Ruffians, both ruperior 19 tbole whid) he had

armies lying between ihe Pruth and lately forced in the E^a-s camp,

the tirerCahul. ThcTariarj forjn- and defended by a hod, which a^

ed a fepar^te corp* on the U't of 10 nnraber and appearance, Ihoidd

the Raffitoj, bgi afterwards fpread have dcfpifed any orher protedioa

thrmfelvei in their rear, fo c«i off than what their vmi ^nd ihcir ra<

a great deiachmest which General lour giye theq.
Roaansov had made for the efcort The die was however call, and

of a convoy of profjjioni. In cer. the Qeoeral bravely perf'eyered in

taia fitnationiboUnefa upmdence; hit rcfolution. Hii litaatioa wa|

it is in ibefc thaigreaf genius isdi- triply critical, for a defeat muft

ifi.iguilhed from common abilities ; have b«en attended with the total

the prefeni was one of them, and lof) of the army; nor would Count

Cicaral BomanTOw did not want F^nin have found it eafy, in that

^i'ccrnment 10 peifcivc it. A mm cafe, to hare tciifcd ill fafcty from

V-t. XUI. [B] Render;

i8] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

Bendeff even with the lofs of his iog that the braveft corps of thdr
A > artillery and Aorts, la Janizaries* and all the other bei

^* ' a wordy the whole fate bodies of their infantry were foc-
of the war feemed to hang upon ccffively defeatedy and nnable to
this day. withfland the dofeneis of the Rnf*

The Turks did not however fian at ray, the continued weight
wait to be attacked in their en- of their fire, and the irrefiflible
trenchmentSy thefe were only in- force of their bayonets, they k)ft
tended as the laft refort* and the all hope and courage, and the fe*
Ruflians found themfelves almofl cond and third entrenchments were
furroonded, at a coofiderable dif- fuccelfively carried. The root thea
tance from the camp, by feveral became general ; and the Grand
large bodies of troops, who attack- Vizir feeing every thing loll, made
cdthem in front and flank with the beft of his way, together wkh
the greatefl braveVV. A defperate his principal officers and the cele«
engagement enfued, in which th» brated Count Potocki, to the Da-
dofe order and excellent difcipline nube, which was about twenty
•f the Ruffians iHll prevailed, and miles from the field of battle,
they continually gained ground on The whole camp, tents, e^uipage^
the enemy. As they advanced a vaft quantity of ammunitioot
nearer the entrenchments, which 143 pieces of brafs cannon, and
were covered with a prodigious ar- above 7,000 carriages loaded with
tillery» the battle grew every in- provifions, became a prty to the
ftant more terrible; at length the conouerors. The fugitives were
Grand Vizir made a fally in per- parfued to the Danube, where the
ion, at the head of the Janiza- crowds were h great as to render
ries and all the braveft troops the paflage very difficult and dan-
VI the army. The conflid now gerous, and fome bodies of hor(e»
became dreadful, and was fnpport- it is faid, were obliged to fwia
ed with the moft determined refo- over ; others croffcd the Preth»
Intioa and obftinacy on both fides, and direded their coorfe to Ibrai-
After a continued fire of artillery low, and other paru of Walachia.
and foMll arms, which laded for It is faid that above 7tOOO Torki
ive hours without tntermiffion, the were killed on the field of battle,
Rnffiani, by the united force of their and that the roads to the Danube
bayooets, penetrated to the firft en- were covered with dead bodies ; a
trenchment, which they carried by great number of prifoners, among
a defperate aflault. * whom were many of confiderable

A paufe then enfued, which wts rank, were alfo taken. Some ac*
only preparatory to a new engage- counts make the lofs amount to
ment, between the entrenchments, 40.000 men, and (ay that the
if poffible more furious than the Grand Vjzt's army confillcd of
firft. In this the Turks ufed every 1^0,000: x tneral Romanzow, in
podJble effort to retrieve the for- his lct;ec to the Emprefs, does not
tune of the day ; one body fiill give the numbers that engaged,
coming on and itnewing the en- nor the lofs on either fide ; he how-
gagcment witti fr^fh ardor, as ano- ever ukes notice of the great infe*
thtr was defeated. At length fee- riority of his own army. 'Ihe lofs

of

HISTORY OF EUROPE. [ij

af mn in foch k battle maft an- at a great diftiace from the Cri-

dovbcedlj be toy gttax, and ia mea, and the Rufliui in pofleffian

its coaiaqiMBCM nach greatrr. of the intermediate coantrieii it

Nathing coald be more deciGve wai « long time before they codd

Aaa'tbit builei Ddr.iipfeglonoiu make their way bonie, after having

■O Geoenl Romamow anfiio ibe been ledoced id great flnitj, an^

traopi that he csromuded. It fufferiog very confiderable lofles,

might be faid io the Uognage of We do not hear of the cavalry

poeuy, that the genim of Ruffia having been engaged on cither fide

particolarly premminaFed apon in thi* bftlle; ic ii probable that

fhii occafioDi and had chofen the the greater part of the Ruffian' ba4

Pratb at the fcene of yi&arj, to been detached to cfcort the coovoyf

vipe off (be dilgrace which Peter and perhapa thp n»tqre of tho

the Great had formerly met witl) ground did not admit Qf the Tnrlt*

SB ^ banki of that fiver. The making nfeofihein.

CcaenI ackoovledgea in hia letter ft would fpcm that tbe Tnrfci

to the Entpteft, that the Toaki have not known in aDyp^ngfthii

faebared with great bravery, and war how to maJce a proper nfe of

fay* that the RoSant were never their cavalry. Their European

engaged in any baiile that wat horie were long efieeqeil among

Bore obtinately difpnted. Tbe the beft in the world: they have

(reatfnpeTiorityoftbeRaflianamay fiill great courage, able bodiei,

tte aitriboted, to tbcir (joickneii good horfei, are excellent borfe-

and dexterity in the management men, and know tbe nfe of the

of the anUlery, in which tney are labre from their infancy : an army

pardcnlarly excellent, and fcarccly qf foot wiihoot difcipline it worth

rivalled by any other nation, to nothing; b<|t a body ofborfewitb

-fbe conHaat and regular fire of tbefe qoalification* woold, if pro*

their fmall armi, in wlficb the perly coododed, be at all nmet

Tnrki are very deficient, and to nirmidable. The extenfire plaint,

their charging with fcrewed bayo- vaft waftei, aqd ioexhaDflible

■eti, agaioft vhicb tbe fabre can gtffwth of herbage, in the coun-

fcarcely be congdcred ai a weapon, triei that are the feat of the war.

In other refpcAt* there (iremi to point them out ta the proper ftene

have been no fanit io the conduA of aflion for fuch troapi, and

of the Turkifli General* ; and it where they might nndoubtedly be

i* evident that there wu no want employed with very great effe&.

pi reMupon in their treopi. Ai to the Turkilh inuniry, it if

The Tartan had envaged the evident, that unlefi they adopt

convoy without fnccefj during the the improvement! in armi and dif-

butle. the event of which perhapt ciplioe made by the Enropean na*

had an efTeS upon their condufl ; tioni, they never will be able t(^

they were however totally feparitcd make any ^gnrc agaioA ihem ii;

froa tbe rarkiQt array, and bcjng tbf field.

[il ? c p A p,

ao] ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

CHAP. in.

Binder hefiiged hy Count Pmnin. Brave defemee msde ly tht l^xnf^/km md

inhabitants, I'he Governor in a Jit of ^e/^air poijons bmjelf\ mnathm

cbojen by the garrifon in his room. Globe of tmafreffion \ a kind rf mum

/o caUed by the Rujpeuis. The place tetken byjtorm and bnrmedi a grf0t

Jlanghter made. Budxiac Tartars conclude a treaty nvith the Buffiame*

General Bomanxtnu fixes his head quarters at Calpoukt stear the Deuutii.

IbraSlow befiegtd. Kilia tjova taken, Bialogrid teJt§n by Baron l»g^

ftrom* Turks abandon the citadel of Ibr talent ^ after a Ung fiege, iTke

Turks being entirely driven beyond the Daseuhe, the Rsfffism mteam go

into tvinter quarters. War in Georgia^

WHILE the arms of Raflia corfiont to th*e rtry gates of Ocxa*

were thus vi^lorioas on the kow» which, lies at the mooth of

Proth, under General Roroinzow, the Niepor, iboot 130 miles to tht

Count Panin was not lefs indof- foafh-e^t of Bender,

trioas in profecutii>g their fuccefs on This fuccefs (neatly facilitated

the Niefter. He htd for feme time the operations of Coont Panin, who

inveftcd Bender* and was expcdit- divided his army into two parts, to

ing ail the neceiTary preparations befiege the fortrefs effedoally; a

for befieging it in form. Bender meafore which coold not have beta

was fitaated upon the Nieflert a- attempted with fafety, if the enemf

boat 180 miles to the footh-eaft of had any army in the fieldi to take

Cbotzim, and 100 north-weft of advantage of the feparatioo made

Bialogrod or Ackirman, which lies by fo large a river. Every thing

at the month of the river ; and was being at length prepar-

from fize» ftrength, fitnation, and ed» the trenches were Joly 30th.

the number of its inhabitanu» a opened on both fides of

place of the greateft confideratioo the river at the fame time, and the

m thefe countnes. earrifoo next day fet fire to the

We have already feen that Gene* fuburbs, after which a fnrioos can-

ral Proibrowiki had been detached nonade and bombardment was

early in the campaign, tofcourthe gno from all quarters* and vigo*
country between the Niefter and the noufly retnrsed by the town. The
Nieper or Borifthenes, thereby to fortrefs was very ftrong, and the
keep the Bodziac Tarurs in awe» garrifon very numerous ; who, be*
and prevent their impeding the ndes the Governor, were headed
operations of Count Panin. This by feveral Baftias and officers of
fervice he performed with great rank, fo that the place was de-
eded, having laid wafte and ruin- fended with the greateft bravery,
ed the country, taken a great booty In fiateen days from the opening
in cattle, delivered feveral thou« of the trenches, the garrifon maae
iands of the pwor Walachians who feven defperate fillies, in which
bad been carried into fUvery, and though they loft a great number of
ffoceeded fucceisfuliy with kis in- men, they gave fumcient proofs of

their

HISTORY OF EUROPE. [ai

It one of ad extraordinary con-
ftroAioo, in which they placed
great confidence, and which from
the pedantry o^ a modern French
Engineer, who was either the inven-
tor or improver of it, received the
ridiculous appellation of globe of
compreffion, terms that convey no
ideas, either of its conftradion or
powers. In this mine, or rather
complicated labyrinth of mines^
interwoven and inclofed one with-
in the other, it was pretended that
a given quantity of gunpowder^
would caale a greater explofion,
and throw op a greater quantity of
earth, than in any other method*
This excited all the eagemefs and
expedlation that natorally attend
the refult of an untried fyftem ; it
however generally appears that
the greateft operations are produced
by very Ample means.

Count Panin had made feveral
overtures during the (iege to induce
the garrifon to treat ofa capitula-
tion, to which they obftinately re«
fufed to liften. At length the
globe of compreffion being brought
to its due ftate for fervice, and
charged with the amazing quantity
of 400 poeds of gunpowder, each
pocd amounting to about forty
pounds weight, every thing being
befides prepared for a florm, and
the army ftrengthened by the arri«
▼al ofa reinforcement from Gene«
ral Romanzow, Count Panin once
more fummoned the Governor to
forrender, which was again pe«
remptorily refufed.

Every thing was then prepared to
make the aflault that night ; ^
th« troops deftined to that ^*P' *7»
fervice were divided into three co*
lumns, and marched to their refpec-
ti ve ftation5, with the greateft filence.
The firingof the globe ofcompreifion

W 3 waa

Aeir lifeleiiop 1 and though the
IBim wtm twice oa firf in that
tiae. tkey were neither difcouraged
nor difconcerted by it. Xhe Se«
raikier, Mahomet Wafa Waliffi,
who waa Governor of the place,
waa ib overcome with grief and
ddpair, upon rectivine an account
of the lofs of the two late battles,
that lie pot an end to his life, by
taking a doTe of poifon. Another
Baflia wai killed by the ^ling of a
bocnb; the garrilbn however were
not difoooraged, and appointed
Demin, a Baftn of three tails, and
a brave man, who had more forti-
tcJe io oppufing III fortane than
his predcce£br> to be their Go-
vernor.

In tbia manner was the fiege
carried oa for near two months,
with the greateft labour, induftry,
and reiblatioo on the one fide, and
aa ohtfinate courage not ihort of
defperatioo on the other : as the
garrilbfi and inhabitants were in
tkat unhappy fituation, which
horn the beginning fcarccly admit-
ted of a hope of relief or deliver-
ance. Continual fa) lies were made,
with little advantage, but great
k)ij €m both fides. The Burghers
and inhabitants, who were very
aameroos, had from the beginning
gone through all the hardfliips and
dangers of the fiege, which they
bore with the fame conftancy and
ir.trepidity that the ibldiers did ;
cHcy feogbt like men wedded to
the old dwellings and habitations,
in which their anceftors had lived
for a long fuccefGoo of years, in
which they fir ft drew breath them-
iclvef. and who were determined
•o periOi along with them.

In the mean time the Roflians
were poftiing 00 their mines with
iadr&tigable iaduftry ; particular-

ill ANkOAL RE

was to be' the fignal for the attack^
which they hoped, befidet rainir.g
the uuLvorks* might ih&ke down,
or mikc a breach in fome of the
principal walh of the town, and at
the iaine time bury tnr deienders,
cither ondcr the ruint, or the
moantaio^ of r arth which \i was
expefled woald have been thrown
up. The Ruffians themielvel
Were apprthcnfive of the confe-
i|uef^ces of this dreadful mine, as
it was not eafy to define how far
the I ffrds of fuch an enormous thaft
otgui;)Owder might extend; and
the trvx>ps who were to make the
attack in that quarter^ were ac-
cordingly Rationed at a confiderable
dii^ince, with orders to advance with
the utmoft expedition u fooil as the
tnii.e had fprilng. To be prepared
fur all evenu, the troope '^'ere pro-
vided with petards for burfting the
! races, as well as with ladders for
caling the walls; and while one
part were thus employed, another
was to throw up entrenciiments
wi'.b the greiceft Speed on the gla*
CI ft, fo as to fiCare a ]odgm^nt there
it every thing rife (hould fail.
Falfe attacks were to be made at
the fame time to divert and diftrad
the attention of the garrifon, and
the whole army was ranged dpon
th wings oi the firft p rallel> :eady
to iappori the aflault« none being
Irft in the camp bat the fick and
wounded.

The globe was blown ap at ten
o'clock at night, with a ipoft hor-
rible concuflion, which /hook the
w'';o]e circumjacent country, and
during the aftonifbneht and confu-
fion excited by this dreadful pheno-
inenon, the three attacks were in-
ftantly begun, and carried on with
the grcatell vieocr. It beine feon
^fcrceiVed in the army, by me di«

6lST^tt, 1770.

redion of the fire and the cries of
the folaier^, where the afiaolt waa
tcking place with greateft efiPed,
feveral cf the moft dillicguifbed
officers* and a number of others
who wanted to fignalize themt'elvcsi
defired leave of the General to
grant them an equal (hare of the
honour and danger, with thofe that
were already engaged, which kt
readily granted, and rave tbeifc
four companies of cho^n Orena-
diera to aCtfend them vpoa that
fervice.

This feled detachment fiaving
eagerly joined the foremoft troops^
the example they g^t^t, and the
emolatidn tney excited, foon be-
came irrefiftible. Nothing wai
able to withftand their impetnofity.
The double ditches at the foot of
the glacis, were inftantly paiTed and
filled up ; the double paliiadocs
before the covered way, were is
ibon furmounted or dettrOyed ; a
great ditch with a convette, two
fathom deep and fix wide, waa
no longer an obftacle, and an out*
ward wall was not able to fiofl
their career.

The ardour of the troops kept
pace with the rapidity of their fuc*
cefs, and the body of the fbrtrefs
was the next objed of their im^le-
tubfity. The gates were tried in
vain, for they were (b clofely m^
firmly plated wi'h iron, that the pc>
tards had no effed. Scaling laddera
were every where applied, and if
thty had not a fufficient number of
their own, thofe they took firom the
enemy wonld have fufficed, who
dirv/.cd every inch of the ground
V^i :\ the moft obftinate bravery^
an4- had ufed the laddefs to bet
ove|,the works, but feldom furviv*
edto cany them off*

HISTORY OF EUROPE. [43

flames had already reached. A ie-

llt KoSaM at leftgth got trery
otar tlM fvalU ; and navir a
■cv aad dreadful fight began in
the dark, on and amongil the for-
tificaticmtv in the ftreets, lanes.
and padges* and from the hoofes.
The conflid became to doubtful,
lb eztenfive, and fo dangerous, that
the Ruffians were under a neceflity
cf fetting fire to the town, which
they did in fereral parts at the
fame time: the flaibes raged every
where, but not with greater fury
than the combatants; and the
burnin? honfes increafed the hor-
rors of the night, by fliewing its
cilamities. Every ftreet and lane
the Ramans gained, was by dint
of fire and bayonet ; and at the
ffirxt turning, the defendants raU
lit:dj a lid renewed the fight with all
their former obftiancy and defpe*
ration.

l*his dreadful (bene of rage,
Cluelty, b-oodihed, and horror,
continued the whole night; pre-
fenting to view every fcene of ca-
lamity and diflrefs that human
natore is capable of nndergoing,
and every fpeAacle that is (hock-
ing and terrible to it The gar-
dens, ihc fortificatiolis, the (Ireets,
and ine houfes, reeked with blood,
and were covered with dead bo-
dies, while (he flames (lill pointed
OQt fre(h objeds of revenge to the
turviirors.

At length, after ten hours con-
dnaed Bght, the flimes and the
aflitilaau teemed to have vanquifh-
cd every oppofition, and at eight
in the morning the loldiers began
to (hoot and cry out victory. 1 he
Scra(kter« who commanded the
town, with moil of thofe that fur-
▼ived, bad by this time retired to
tae catfe» where they found the

left body of i>500 cavalry, and
500 infantry, (enfible that the
caiUe could afford bat a very tem-
porary protection, took the noblef
refoltttion of cutting their way
through the enemy, or of peri(h-
ing in the attempt. They accord*
tngly made a defperate fally from
the town, on the fide netr the
river, and cut their way through
the Ruflian troops for Jome time
with great fury, and feemed to
have a fair profpedt of eifeCting
their purpofe. Fortune, fo genC'^
rally the friend to courage^ wa;»
however, at this time wayward,
and deferted it in its extreme^
need. A Ruffian Colonel of the
Corps de Refer ve, with a confider-
able body of cavalry, happened by
chance to come full in their way,
in the courfe they had intended to
take, which was to gain the road
towards Ackirman, and make their
efcape that way. This cafual ren*
counter having checked their im-
petuofity, the neighbouring troops
had time to recover from their
firft furprize, and gathering round»
attacked them furiouHy on all fides.
All hopes of fafety and efcape be-
ing n^'w at an end, they deter-
mined upon a cruel revenue, and
by a fodden motion, made their
way to that quarter of the Ruflian
c^mpi where the tick and wounded
were lodged upon ieveral eminen-
ces, for their fecurity and better
accommodation.

Count Panin perceived the dan-
ger, and immediately difpatch-
ed fereral generals, with all the
tn)ops that could be gathered in
the hurry from the fortre(s and
fuburbs, to prevent it, while he
htmfelf followed, and the whole

[8] 4 army

U] AKNUAL ftEGtSTfeR, 1776.

army was eircry wheriei iti motion. taiDed by the vidb/s, tMf ra^

The Talks were foui fuiTou;ided» badly with the ackiiowledgaieiit#

and acucked on every fioe by that are made of the defpera:^

troops of every denomination ; valour and refolution (hewn by the

cavalry, infariti-y. coflacks, and Tories ; as well as with the nataral

hunters, fell on promifcuoufly as and inevitable confeqdences that

they came up ; and made a no .le moil attend one of the mod crocl

defence ; and the Gw-nrru was obli- and defperate engagements that wd

ged to order 'he Arriilery to hk have almoft any accdoat of in

brought up front th h ndmoft modem hiftory ; fupported for io

parailel to pltyupon ch-'m ; they, Idng a time, and involved* alon|{

hovever, Aill fought it out with with the darknefs of the nighc» in

the gre^tell iotrepidity, and were all the intricacy* confofion, and

almoft totally cut to p.iece>. danger, \^hich fuch a variety of

O'likj Gneral's return ffom this groond, and fo many different fita«

Engagement, he ni^t a deputation ations, among walls* ditches, nar-

from tKe bd-aiki^r, w&o demanded row flreers, and burning or falling

a capitillation ; this being TtMtdB hoi^t^s, were capable of producing |

and the cattle at that time all in whare judgment and difcipline wart

flames, lie was obliged to furrendeir nearly oUt of the queihon» and

limtelf and his garrifon priibners every thing Teemed committed 10

of war; the lire being to orgent* chance, fury, rage, and defpair.
thtt the Ruffians were obliged to The fire con tinned for three days#

remove them immediately to the and could not be reftrained till it

camp ^or their prefi^rvation. had coni'umed every thing. Thus

The total number of prifoners, fell^ and totally perilhed, the ce-

sncluding the ihliabitants of all lebrated town of Bender ; famous^

ages, amounted to 11 1749, of a.hong' other things^ for the hof-

whom 5»5C4. were Janizaries and pitabde reception and proteAioit

$pahi^, wiih their commanders, wiiich it a£braH to Charles thd

bei'ides the Serafk*er and two XIItH of Sweden, as well as for

Bafhas. The ntimoer of fouls in his long refidence in it after the

the town at the beginning of the fatal battle of Pultowa. As it wai

fiege, were computed at 30,000^ from its llrength and fituation thd

of whom one half were ioiJiers. grand Magazine of t&e Turks lor

(he RuiC&n accouns, which are their northern provinces* the Rn(B«

the only ones we have, fay, that aiis found a vaft quantity of arnia«

the defenderl of the town, were, at bombs, granadeS, gunpowder, and

the beginning of th* la(l aflault* other military ftores, be fides aboire

near onr*third fuperior in number ttVohu:i-rrd pieces of brafs cannoni

to the whit'e army that beli^geJ iL and c:j(hty|[v>; brafs mortars; they

Suwh repr-fentai* 'ns, ctlculatrd to alio took four hoHie tails, foorteefl

anfwe* pariico af pur^olcs, are bvioni of command, and foity palf

tno-e or Icfs ado tec' by 'll natii-s, i}t colours,

and (hould be received uiva ma«iv The country of the.'tfudziack
reltriClions In h* prefentin:i .nce, Tartar* had fuffered all t|ff calnmt*
this jca-u It of the lumbers, a we I: ties ot ti'e war from its firft break-
as of the unali io£i £ud 10 bu fai'- ing oat ; whick affcdcd them the

Aor«

HISTORY

re feaGbly, u :hcy Kd domelhc
a It'a.wc'e rich in Bucks and bi.rJ^,
i I'd cultivated the couoiry \r. a
ij tonfidcnble dcgice. Their Jilfo-

Ifiiimbeing 10 d>vcll in offt plca-
(iniHlligM. rather ihan 111 ivimi-,
tifjwetc eniirely at the ii,..icy ,>r'
uy aeajr that became inilUt in
tke(i)d|or if ihcj" f leaped biittly
•it* tkcir live*, 'hrif propcrijr
•u n;ally I II. 1 ^i) year .had
Ixn parcical:ir1^ fani to ibrm:
CeonaJ Prolbiowiki had critelljr
tav^d the country between th«
Ni-ftt and the Boe : ihc upper
pirt of Beflarabia l^fiered in the
uaie ninaer from the ariliy ander
Cmt Panio ; and tbt lowrr part
of Ike province, near the Black-
fa. mu cxperieo iog the lane
btitneat, from ifc troops nnder
Barn Inglellraiii, who wai fent by
Geacrat Romansotv after the kte
Wdory, to lay fiege to Bialogrod,
Or Ackirsun, at the noDtb <fl the
Vielter.

In thil fitiiaitoD, totally aban-
dvaed. and not a hope left of any
tinely relief from the Pone, fevera]
bf their Mirl*! or chiefi, to pre-
vent the total ruin of their cojntryt
mtered into a nt^ociltion, during
the £egc of Bender, with th«
RuSau. and at lenrth conctnded
a treaty, by which thcf renouoced
all co^nedion and alliance with the
f Btki, and fiibmitted ihemrclvei
to be andrr the procftion ofRuiria,
OB MWidiSioo of enjoying thfir re-
lifio'i, and all (h;ir antient right*,
Lbcrtiei, and immuniciei.

General Ron) an sow, after the
great vidory of thi: 2d of ^u-
■ qR. filed hit h:ad cjuanen at
Calpeokf which lie* bet#een the
coofltience of the Pru:h and the
DaniilK, and the Slack fea ; from
^fccDCC he feat Ui;(p dctachmcnit

P EUROPfi. tii

tUe former, to dil]od|e ihi
Turki from ibeir pofb ia Wala-
chia ; thig was eafily effeJledi «•
cept at Ibrailow. t«hich made aa
obllinate dcfmcc, aad ta which
General GlcliDW laid fiege ia

KiliaNora, a ftrongtowD, fits*
atcd on t&e mod northern bfaoch
or the Danube, not far from ita
encraiMTc idio the ^lack-lea, wai
bclieged by another detichroeot of
thii army, and furreadered an the -
beginning orSepieinber, after eieht
days open treochei. on conditioa
that the garrifon, coofiQing of

J, 000 men, aild commanded hf a
aflta of three tail). Qionid be
tranfported to the other £de of tba
Danube ; that fucb of the inhabi*
tanis ai cllofe to gn. IboaM have
the (iime beitelit, and in anvctfe
that their private ptoperty Jliaald
be lecurc.

Bialogrod, held to be the capital
of Btttirahii, though Bender wai
a plact of mu::h grrat/r note and
impartince, furrcndrred ia iha
fame manner, in the begining of
Odober, to B^iron Inglellrom, ftf-
Ur a fiege of onlr ten days; tht
inhabiianis> con^illing of about
60M peo;rle, aid the earrifon of
■acoo, werr wi.h jill their move-
able) tratifparted to the o:hcr Gde
of i;.e Danube.

The citad 1 of Ihrailow made a
long -ind brave detcnce, the garri-
Ton being continually reinforced
by the Grand Vizir, with frelh
tr opt from the other tide of the
Danube; and It was not liU the
latter end of November, that ail
thrir delencet being nearly ile-
llroyed, and ihc forircfs reduced al.
moil to a hcsp of robhiih, the gar-
rilon lo^k the refoluiim of aba a -
duaiag it by night, aad making
their

26] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

tbeir efcape over tlie Danube. Se-
veral other pofts upon chat river
have been iince taken by the
RufTianS.and they are now mailers
of all the northern banks of it»
£!! 1 tome of tV.eir hunters made a
facctfsfttl incurfion even to the
other fide.

The Grand VizIr continued at
Ifatflca till the middie of Novem-
ber, at which time he recired
farther into the country of Bulga-
ria. General Romanzow took up
his head quarters, for the winter,
in J.t0y ; his army being partly
cantoned in that neighbourhood,
and partly Rationed oh the borders
or /he Danube, and in the new-
ly taken fortrefles. Geneisal Count
Panin, after putting things into
the bed condition at Bender (that
the ruined Itate of the place would
admit of) and having left a con-
iivlerable body of troops for its fe-
curity, retired with the rell of his
army into the Ukraine ; whither
General Hsr^ alfo returned, after
eomoiitting fome devadations on
the borders of Ciim Tariarv.

We arc much in the dark as to
the operations of Count TottKbcn,
00 the ndc of Georgia: while the
Ruflian accounts crown him with
great fuccef; — the Turkilh tell us
quite 'the conrrary ;.nor have any
confequw-nces appeared that at all
cor firm the former. It fecms pretty
t^rtain, that being joined by acon-
fiderable number of Georgians, he
detcended into Ar mcni;i, and laid
fiegetoEr^.eruflo, the capital of tliat
country ; here the Turks lay he
was totally defeated by (he nrigh-
bouring B^fbas, and drove back to
the mountains, with the lols of le*
veral thoulands of his nen. Tiiis
account molt in part be true, as oe

nndonbtedly quitted Armenia, and
no other cauie has been affigned for.
it : at the fame time it U faid» that
inftead of wading time at the &eg6
of Erzerum, if he had marched
di redly to Trebifonde, which is
iituated on the Black-fea, was ia
no poiluie of defence, and" not
above 140 miles diflance, he could
not have failed of fuccels, and as the
RuiriAns have now a number of
fmall velTeU on that fca, might have
been fupported with effed.

However this might be, we find
this General has fince been enga*
ged in a kind of civil and petty
war in Georgia, where the Princes
and Chieftains feem divided among
thcmfelves, and either the Rulfianst
or thofe with whom they have
aded, have changed fides, at lead
once. The celebrated Prince Hera,
cllus.who it was fuppofed firft en*
coaraged this expedition,* has iince
been called a deceiver, and fpokeit
of as an eAemy ; and a Prince So-
lomon, who at firft oppofed them,
has lately been feverely chaHifed bjr
the Turks for ading in concert with
them. In the mean time, the Raf*
iian accoonts give a pompous litl of
conquered places, as if taken from
the Turk>, though they are moft of
them places of no confequeoce and
unknown, or elfe that belonged to
the Georgians. It is probable that
the principal end of this expeditioD*
was to gain a thorough knowifdge
of the country, to foment dilFea-
iions among the princes an 1 great
men, and by degrees, under the
colour of fiicndihlp and religion,
to pre^^are that flavery for the
bravcll nation in Afia, which the
avowed enmity of the Turks and
Perlians was sever able fully to
accompliOi. "-

CHAP.

filStORt OF EUROPE. [a;

CHAP.

IV.

tbf^mm txftJilin f th- MtJiw*m**aii. CmM Orlcw arrivti in iht MtrtS*
ImJ'arrtaUm »f ih€ Greiii \ eratllits nmmiittJ ly ihtm. Mifara, Aremiiat
mnS ithtr fiatet lakiit. MiffaUngi takitt. Carta tfJltgeJ. NtivmriM
taii'T. Pmtrai takia, and ibi cofilt hrfitgid. Snjtral etier ttoftt
iitytSualhf brfitgtd. Grtiks mafacrtJ at Patrai, and tht dij larMh
Afd iMti '^.•ftattd. Varkijh army airii'el in lit Maria. Extcatien i^
fi\tr,\ ef lb* friatifal Grttki. Mea'on btfirgtd by fta e»d Itmdi
mStiu irIVAtttn tit htfiegtri, and a hady ef Turkt and Alhaaiant ;
tht fitgt finally raifid. RuJJlaas and Greeii imaUy J'-faralt i fit laHtt
rrtirt ta Nfvarina, and Jatn aflir abandon ihi Fnin/ala, -Adtnind
Mlfbiafiamt'i fyaadnn arrivil frsm Eng'and, EngagtmnU at fitt.
TmrUpjiM dtpreyidia tbi barbour af C.ijmt. Caftaia Pacha 6lhaadtd,^
Irtvaal 7raA raiatdt Stnyna in danger, Cajlte af Lemnas itfiigtd\
r^EtviJ ij Hafaa Bij. tnamiitiii cammilitd by ibt ranawty JmUn
mad d^trtirt, PUgw* at Cenfiaaliaaflt. Rtwialiam m Egypt. JSj
Mty.

"^HE niufbrtanesof thcTdrki

>r.fined i

the

NieBcr or the Danube : ihe mofi
Ipntberly, >i itell u the mult nbrth-
cra puti of their Eoropeaa do-
niaioni, were now doomeil tb bear
■!l the rigors of war, and the lea ai
well as ihe land lo be a witnels of
their dilgrace. The time feemed
St lensth arriTcd, when the
wretched admin iHrtti on and coo-
dafi of their government, which
they had for fo long a time totally
oegtcAed, and fuSered their mili-
tary departmcDts by lita and land to
langaitfi anil run to ruin. Ihould
new be cxemplarily punilhed on
both thefe clemcDti: an errcr, into
which ail ibe great empirci of the
»or!d have, at « certain period of
their exiftcace, facccl£*ely 'alien ;
mrhtch hai a* cooltantly and faially
brought iti own punilbinenl along
with it, and which bai, notM.iilf-
fiinding, been continually adopted
by their fucccllbri, when they ar-

rived at the Hltne zenith of powcr^
riches, and feeraing recnrity.

The RufiiAo fleet, which hai
left Kngland ia the laitttr part of
the preceding year, twiwithftaod-
ing the great and friendly affiAenc9
it bad met with in thii country,
arrivrd at Port Mahgn* «faere it
wintered— fhattered and ficldy.
The fame kind officei beingi how-
ever, reheated there, and the (tmt
powerful and mallerly affifiance*
which chuafleiifea the Englilh na-
tion in every thing retaiire i&
maritime affaini bciog again frreljr
given, the fhip) were put into al
good conditiant ai the Hate ihe^
were in coold admit off and th«
men. from the benbfiit of a fine
climate, and plenty of frelh fniiii
and provi&oni, ncovcrcd their
health very fall.

In the mean lime, application

had been made to the difleient

Italian States, to know the dcgreci

of ft lend (hip and fuccour that

night

c6] ANNUAL REGISTER, 4770.

hiight be expeded from them, upon tny (hare in the war, tod limicel

fttch occafioiis as flicald induce or to three, the number of their ihipi

obl|g<s the Ruffian fhips to put into that fhouid at any one lime be ad^

their ports. Thei'e dates in general, micted in the harbour of Malta,
fliewed a confiderabJe degree of re- Some Roffiao officers of rank, had

ferve upon this occaiion, and prC" been employed in thecourfe of ilK

cifely reftri6led the number of fiiips preceding year, to carry on a ne*

that fhould be admitted into one gociation with, the Greeks, which

port at a time, and the length of was eaftly eiFe^ed, not only from

their continuance in it; and in the the intercourfe and mixt bounda-

dominions of Naples, the quantity ries of the Venetian and Ottcmaa

of provifions with which each (hip t'.rritories on that (ide ; but paidy

wis allowed to be furnilhed, was through the remiiTnefk. and pairtly

particalarly fpccified : at the fame the mildtiei> of ibe Turkiih govern*

time, the garrifons in the fea- ment. I'he garrifons were tnin and

ports were llr<:ogihened, the bat- negligent; the ports and duties

teries monnted with cannon, and flackly attended to ; the Greeks

etery other meafure taken, which, were in poflfcMion of the trade

if not foficicnt to prevent furprize and the (hipping ; were almoft the

or dan^ver, were fully fo, to exprefs only inhabitants in the open coun-

an affbded apprehenfion, and a try, and had a great majority opoo

jealous caution and diflike. We the coails, and even in the cities

have formerly feen, that the Vene- and towns, if to all this, we add

lians abfolutf ly refufed admittance the want of a neccHary commoci-

to the Ruffians in any of their cation by pofl, and the tacitorniry,

ports or iflands ; this refolution referve, fupinenefs, and indolence

they hare firmly adhered to, and of the Turks, we mud conceive

feverely ponifhed by confifcation their opportunities of information

of lands and goods, and tvcry very imperfed, and that it muft

other method in their power, fnch principally come through or from

of their fabjeAs.in Cephalonia and the chriftians.
other iflaads, as either fitted out We accordingly * find, that the

(hips» or went Amply as volunteers Ruffian officers, not only carried on

to affift them. At the fame time, a negociation in the country, i«

thry fitted out a confiderable fleet time of open war, with the greateft

to guard the Adriatic, and to pro- fafety, but fent fhips to the coafts,

u€t their iflands and coafts. The freighted with arms and ammuni-

Grand Mafler of Malta was invited tion, which were landed and dif-

by the Ruffians to take an a^iive tributed with equal facility, long

ihare in the war, and a requifition before the arrival of their fleet in

made, that they might be admitted the Mediterranean. The hopes ex-

to make off of the port of Malta, cited by thefe means, were railed

m% a place of general rendezvous to the higheft pitch of extravagance

for their Hceis, and for the eoutp* and enthufiafm, as fuon as it waa

ment and fitting out of their fnips. certainly known that the fleet had

Theie propofals, the Grand Maf- (rrived at Minorca; and the

ter did net thiak fit to comply phrenzy of the Greeks upon thh

«ith; he totally refufed taking occafioiif can only perhaps be

e^aalledl

HIS TORT OF EUROPE. [if

A, bjr that bcfctorore fbewn to Imr of ifae anival of Ac RolB-

Jewi, opoB the ippcaranco uu, lo do what thejr had loi^ >>■

pmradM Meffiah ambn's tended i aod the whole Morct Sen*

cd cmy tuhcre in motion,

Rofian fleet departed fntn The open Goantry, wu qndclf

:a in the beginning of Fe- ovcr-rao, and MiGtra, Attaua,aH

, and fliaped it* coarfe for fereril other placet ti fpcediljp

orcft ; but haviog met with taken : the Rofian Aipi tut haa

orok b]r the ovay, wufepa. been feparaied, or that pat ioio

and tnnch the greater nom- Ilaty, arrived focceffivelj, ftnd land*

the Oiipi obliged to take cd their men ia dibrcot qn«nena

in difierent paru of Italy, where every fmall detachment loM

aad SardiDiai in which fe- fwellcd to a little amy. and the

f them were obliged to con- Torki were ercry wbcte attacked

coafidcrable time, to re£t(' or intercepted. In the mean tUM

pair the damagei they had a dreadfal mafiacre wai carried on*

d. Cooni Orlow, who wai and the Greekt gave a loofe to the

■der in chief of the whole tnoft bale and efleminaie revenge ;

Mt, htMrerer arrived at Cape the Tnrki were every where Jtaegb>

10* the ancient promontory tered wiihoat mercy t every nfi of

larni, io the Morea, and the fhamefnl and horrid cracky o>m>

n catremity of the Penin- mitted ; while, to the difgrace of

\ the lift of Pebrnary. with hemanity and the chriftiaD rcligioo.

iree flupa of the line, and neither age, (bx, acijuaintence or

en. GonneAion. were a defence againft

coontry, the antient Pekv- their favagc barbarity. The gonr-

m, the feat once of pocit, nor of Meflaloogi, finding himlelf

aad philofophen, being all nnable to defend the fiirirefi as^

I groond, it too wril known longer, and expefting no mercy

ire any dercriptioa ; nor htt from the aflalaou, pot hii perlbo

iofiiy of modem travellen, into the hindt of the Greek Syndic

i even its mbfbttnnc*, or of the town, who, from acquaint*

wretchcdnefi, to tie in ob- ance and connedion, be expefied

The Count having de- Qtoald either have proteAed or coa-

foch land forcei ai be had ceiled him ; bot the villiioou Syn-

■, at Maine, which liet a die, ai foon at he wa in hi] power

I the wcftward of Cape Me> murdered him. It ii faid, that the

and about jo milei to ihe commander of the Greeki haneed

tit of Militra, the antient the Syndic ; and it may be wilaed

t the Mainotet, the defcen- to be a truth.

if the Lartdemoniani, and The rage and fury with which

ill p-'ireiTtd the country of the iababitanit of the continent

■ceflori, nnder fnbjeAion 10 were feifed, extended iifeU to the

irka, immediately flew to iflands; (he defire ofnovcl'y, hope

irmi in evety auarier, and of plunder, and animofity to the

them by ihoulandi. The Turki, operated everv where, and

•rcekt immediately followed produced every where fimilir ef-

lamplcf or r4lher only w»iied fed* ; repeated sfb of the mofl bar*

bwoJH

jo] annual register, 1770.

baraos cruelty, and of the blindeft
felly. Three Tuikiih (hips that
wete colledlirig recruits for the ar-
my* having put in at the fmall
iflaud of Mlcone, one of the Cy-
dadest the greateft part of their
crcwa being on Qure, were all mur*
ftered by the inhabitants; fnd thofe
th^t remained on hoju'd, u well as
the (hips, only faved by a timely
Aighc: an order was faid to be if-
fucd to maflacre all the inhabitants,
but we have not heard of its being
pat in execution. The V'cncciaa
iQands, notwithftanding the (Irid*
Qefs of the government, and the
^verity of the proclamations that
were iilusd to prevent it, were in a
great meafure dcferced by their in-
habitants, each hurrying to have a
(hare in the fpoil and the car-
nage. At ^'ephalonia» Count Me-
taxa, and feveral others, fitted out
Ihips at their own expcnce» and
joined the Rudian fleet ; and the
inhabitants, who ihewed thcmfelves
as well dii'pofed for a revolt as thofe
in tho'Turkifli territories, had an
open engagement with the troops
ftationcd in the ifland ; in which,
ihovgh they were routed and dif*

Serfied, a confiderable number were
ain on both fides.
Count Orlow, upon his arrival
at Maina, had publi(hed a m^ni-
feflo in the name of the ^mprefs, in
which (he declared, that (he look-
ed upon it at II religious duty, to
free the Greeks from the Tniki(h
fltvery ; (he at the fame time pro-
mifed protection and rewards to
thofe who (hould join her army, and
the fevereft punilhments to ihoie
who refufed. It is a (inguLrity,
peihaps not unworthy of remark,
and (hews how ftrong national ha-
bits will inadvertently appear, even
where there fecmt no caufe to call

them forth, that as fear is the opt*
rating principle throughout tbt
whole Ruffian empire, from A^
higheft noble to the lowcft peafant,
their public adls are tinged by it«
though the matters they relate 10
are foreign, and out of their ova
dominions ^ and a^ fare ai a favoer
or reward is oflTered in a Hnfiu
profilan^ation, it is clogged on thi
other hand by an oppolite threat o(
excrcnrie punifliment.

From I^aina, the Ruffian com-
mander proceeded with the fleet to
Coron, which was in veiled by (ea
and land. This cit>' and cafUe
(lands on the weflern (ideof thePe*
ninfuia, about forty miles to the
north-weft of Maina, on a fine bajT
of the fame nan^e, and were fb^
mcrly places ofgKat flrength; bat
like mofl of the other fortrefles in
the Turkifh dominions, have been
long negle^ed, and fuSered to go
to ruin. The Balha of the ijlorea
had, during thefe tranfadtions» col-
ledled fuch troops as he could haflir
ly get together, which being few
in number, w^re overpowered and
defeated in feveral fmall pngaee>
ments by the Ruffians and Gredtt,
and he wu at length obliged to re*
tire with fuch as remained to Na*
poll de Romania, a great and ftrong
city and port, on the eaftern fide 01
the Peninfula. In the mean time
the Ruffians made themfelves ma«
fters of Nayarino, a conltderable
city, with an excellent harboi|r and
two caftles, about 2% miles to the
weH of Coron ; which, from the
gcodnefs of the harbour, (ituatign,
and other advantageous circum*
flances, they made the genera'l plape
of arms.

Patras was taken in the latter end
of March, a very flouri(hing city,
in which the Turki(h inhabitanti

were

HISTORY OF EUROPE. {31

wtTt more nnmeroas than in moft nual danger and fatigae of guard-
when of the Morea ; it was the ing agaijid a double enemy, wichia
metropolis of the province of Cla- the walls and without, abandoned
rentia, and fitaated dn the north- the city, (which was immediately
iveft extremity of the Peninfula, on taken poffefnon of by the beliegers)
the arm of the fea which feparates and retired within the caftle. The
it from Livadia, now called the garrifon afterwards found means to
gulph of Lepanto. about 20. miles let fire to the oil niagazines in thtf
loadi of Lepaoto, which lies on the city, with fuch fuccefs, that they
Dppofite ihore, 60 well of Corinth, reduced it totally to alhes, ao4
•nd 120 north-weft of Miiirra. making a fally during the confu*
This city, from the circumtlances fion caufed by the (re, made fuch
that attended it, feems to have been a (laughter, both among the be-
taken by fur'prize, and a moft cruel iiegers and inhabitant:*, that the
and inhuman daughter was made furv Ivors were glad to make the
of the Turks* witnout regard to beft of their way to Navarino.
age or fex ; the garrifon, and fuch Thtir fucct'fs was little beuer in
others as could efcape, retired into other places ; andthou^h it w^s faid
the caftle^ which was immediately that they defeated a body of Turks
befieged. who attempted to pafs the Ifthmus
As the Tarks were unable to ap- of Corinth, we find immediately
pear in the field, fuch of them as after, that they had retired from
Mrvived the firft efFefls of the re- that quarter.
▼olt, made the beft of their way The fiege of the caftle of Patras
to the neareft foitreiFes ; and the flill continued ; in the mean time 4
inforgects were now fo numerous, body of Turks and Albanians hav-
that they laid (iege to Corinth, Na- ing pafTed the ifthmus marched IQ
poll de Romania, Modon and Trip- its relief, and attack-
polizza; befides Coron and the ed the befiegers at April I3tbt
caftle of Patras, which we have al- break of day. The
ready mentioned. This was a fer- governor of the caftle at the fame
«ice» hflfvever, to which the Greeks time made a general fally with his
vere very unequal, and the fmall garrifon, the city was fet on fire in
aamber of the Ruffian land forces, the conflict, and a dreadful carnage
which probably did not much ex- enfued ; the Turks now retaliated
ceed two thoufand, did not allow all the cruelties of the Greeks, with
of their fupplying the deficiency, the fame barbarous fpirit which hstd
The Turksp befides, made every before infpired them ; every thing
where a brave defence ; at Trip- became a vid'm to their ungovern-
polixza, the befiegers were totally able tury» and the city was bitrned
ruined, • and every RuHian upon to its foundations.
that fervice, except two, k'J'ea, by The foreign confuls had fcrtp*
the contioual and fuccefsful fallics nately efcaped to JCante ; the ion
nade by the ^rrifon. Jt did not of the Englifh conful, fr^m fome
happen better at Coron, where the error, or imprudenpe, run a great
Greek inhabitants being more nu- riik o( his life, and was moft re-
serous than the garrifon, and the markably delivered. This young
litter worn down with the conti- gentleman had (hut himfelf up in

9 ^

52] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

hh hotel« with his own family, two
Neapolitan travellers, and feveral
ladies of tKe beft rami)ies, apd
grcateft diflindlion in the city,
%whom he h^ taken pnder his pro«
leAioD ; bis lyholiB fuite apiounting
10 about feventy perfons. A body
of Albanians came with axes to
force his gates in the heighth of the
coofafion ; bpt he rc^refenting to
ihem, that his nation was in al-
liance with the Porte, the Albani-
ans with a tensper and humanity*
which in tl)e farne circumftances
and heat of blood, wopld have done
honour to mpre civilized, and better
difciplioed foldicrs, took hin^ and
all that were alpdg with him under
their proteAioui and conveyed them
iafely to the caUie.

Here h^vyever their fear» as well
as th- ir danger, was redoubled^
Upon their entrancp into the for-
Ircfs, the firH thing that prerente4ff
was the dreadful fpe^acle of a num-
ber of dead bodies lying roun4 in
heaps, and the escecutipncrs boiily
employed^ according to the l^urkiQi
fummary method, in cutting off* the
beads or the principal Qreeks, as
they were taken and fent in froni
the a^on. A» chefemmider^, whe-
ther of juf^ce cr tyranny, are )it(le
v(ed to liitei) either to arguipcnts
or fupplications, the unfortunate
young g'-mlen^an and his compa-
rio.)s, were onjy delayed till it
came to :hcir turn, p undergo the
|an:e o;'eration. M^lt hjippily for
Lim ind them, the governor arrived
iu t^M interim ; immediately recol-
lected :he confulS ion,' tojk thciii
•11 under his protettion, and ient
thrin to his o^n apartments for
thi'ir greater convenience and fafe-
ty. : hey had the good fortune the
l^c night> to mfcl wjth ^n oppor-

tunity of being all fafely a
to Zante.

Every thing went wrong v
Greeks after the de(lrudion
tras. Th^ Turk* tnd All
had fcarcely cotppleated th
vipp, when they received
gence, that a large body o
notes were advancing towaj
lAhmi^s of Corinth, with an
tjon of penetrating into j
This, they immediately n
to prevent, and totally rout
Mainotc^ after killing abo
thoiifand of thpm.

The IVlorea Aill coptir
fcene of ihc gre^tell bloodfli
crue}ty. ^hc carnage at
gave a new whet, which v
at all wanted, to the barban
fanguinary revenge of the G
which, together with the ci
they were originally guil
fecmed iq give a fandion
Turks tor taking tha( venc
^o which they were natura
muchdifpQfcd. It is, in an
(lances, painfu] to treat or i
of the tranfadiQns of the
war, as it h^% through all ii
been JuUied and uiigracet
acls of ferocity, oppreiTion
cruelty, which are happily i
tie known, in the welternan
die partk of Eu.'ope. The ei
of iljefe poliilitd nations, ^s
peicd by a i^ettciofity and h
ty, whi.h alleviate an^ in s
meafure coi^ce^l the deform
horrori of war ; and a \\iX
|^illc4 and wounded after a
when attended with no c
fiances to excite horror or <
caufcs little more emotion, ti
fight of an adjutant's ^oU
before it.

The N>era(ki^r^ Balb^ of ,

HISTORY OF EUROPE.

[33

urivcil in the Morca at the head of
t:,s;a men, moftly Albanian) and
E-iraie*. foon after the det't;3i of
■he Uainom. This oXc^r, who
bid mucb dillingji<hcd himfelf in
lie conn'e of ibe prefem war. reco-
vered ail ihe norhern pan of ibe

Puin

appci

i.id all [lie Greeks, thai
were found with arins, or out of
ibiir Tillages, w-cfc inltantly pot to
dt.tii : a: the faice cime the arch-
bilhop of Trifpoli'za, and fome
Mlkcr Greeks of d Itinaion, uho
ttfre charged wi:h being (he prin-
tipl tiiDigacon of the revolt, were
tketo-xd.

The principal force of the Rof-
£>r,i and Grteki, wm now enploy-
td in the fie^e of Mo^on, uhich
"■u tigoroufly carried ort by fVa
i'-i Und. As th's c ty, which lici
biu; 113 nriL-i to ihc fcuih-uolt
'■rl.'cricih. is ivi-ll (ortiiied, bus a
Tni fl(0.ig Cii'.leand 3 fine haven,
"w« ar. objcCiOigrtaiiiuporiaiice
iitiii; RuEaiii, ai'under the pr-o-
icnico of their fleet, they mi.^hc
ine fjpportcd a garrilbn there,
■nd by that means prefeivcd a
firsing in the PcniDfula, uniil by
tlie arrival of reinforcements, ihcy
ci^hi once more be enabled lo dil-
fi-f the pcffelTion ol it. Its re-
iK.v.encfj aiTorded a profpefi of fiic-
"tjir.g before it could he rrli,-ved ;
aid it wa* the or.ly hope noJ/ let,
and waj accordingly the lull eirbri
t^ev mMie.

k bt^y of Turk! and Albaninns
koA'Cier traverftii the Veninlul.i,
and attacked the bc-
ilay 17th. Cegers with great fury
in iheircamp, at one
e't'ck in the mntning ; a d wen-
lel! I'upponed by ihc governor,
khs laude a vijrnroui fally at inc
'.imt lime. I: now appeared evi-
dcnilv, ihei The fpiritot the ancient

Vol. x;ii.

Spartans had totally forfaken their
poflerity. The Maiiioces funk and
difpirited bv thelaie sfiioni, which
tiughi them the difrurence fever^ ly,
between mallacring a defencelef*
people, and en;>aging ;tn enemy
openly i:i the field, abandoned their
poAi almolt as loon as they were
attacked, and were cut to piece*,
altnolt without refi^laiice. The
RufTians lio-VEver rn^dc a noble
Hand, and fought m^& couragioui-
ly : they did all i->at men ct uld do.
to piotcilt their diiflardly tiiendif
who if they had a&cd with only a
common degree of refolulion, wi/uld
undoubtedly h.ive gained a com-
plcat vidor'y. Th.y were ci length
however overpowered by numbers,
and h .ving ]■.& a great many mei>,
and their cummaii.ier!, tlic \uun^
Cour.t Orion, and P.Jr.cs D!.!:;c-

: boili

'idri

;!).igrJ

to the (bore und^r t.'ie piu.e^lioii c{
their flii-s.

Tlie Albanians now having no

fpirit of irrejuhr troops. feU to
plunder ih^' c^mp uiiti ru;.'h gr;cJi'
they weru ioon in grea:

I the face

d:forder

milted with i

of their veteran enemiLS, wlio ini'

m^'diatelv coalc thi^ sdvuntagc, and

btir.g joined by a dtljchment froia

the i:iips, atiacki'd tliein in turn

with great lurv. and toJtcd ih.*ni

1 fuel

1 their

Riiii;.,'

n'r. now

uw, ^..,t 1 ..r 0..

hnre c

it fu.:ccr-

. d-.'j'cnJ-(i upon I

,.ejiii<

.n. and ■

up<iii t.iking tiiepLi

belote

the aiii

tat ul frelli luccour

['-■)

3+] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

they had a recent experience that
the Greeks were of no u e kgainll
an equal enemy ; buc a cnnliJence
in their numbers might make ihcm
ufeful in an attack upon an infe-
rior. The (hips accorJingly d«ew
nearer the iortrcfs to fi;cond the
attack^ and a general aflault uas
made ; but the garri:on behaved
with fuch relolution, that thev were
repulfed with great lofs. The Mai-
notes hid now lod all hope as well
as rpirit, and feparating themfelvcs
totally frcm the Rudian;, withdrew
to the faftnefTes o( thtir native
n^ountains. The latter retired to
Navarino, uhich they kept frr (bine
time longer in their hands ; but no-
thing remaikable happened after
this, till they entirely abandoned
the Pentnfula.

During thcfe tranfadlions in the
Mor-a, the Ruliian fleet w is rein-
forced, about the middle of April,
by the arrival from England of the
fquadron under admiral Elphinilon.
]n the month of May, the Turkifh
fleet alfo arrived in thofc feas, and
Tome engagements of no great con-
fequence happened foon after be-
tween them. The Turks however,
(cen) to have had the worll, as they
retired to the Archipelago ; and thi-
Ruffians having taken on board the
remains of their Und forces in the
Morra, purlucd them. The two
flfcts came in (ight in the channel
tf bcio, which divides that iAand

from Natolia, or the
July 5th. It (Ter Afia ; where the

Turks were at anchor
in a very advantageous (i:uation,
their re^r and flanks being co« ered
by fome iflands and rocks, that lay
cciniiguou< to the continent, 'i'he
Turki:h fleet was confiderably fu-
perior in force, conGfling d 15
Ihipa of the liae« from 60 to 90

guns, befides a number of Chebrn
and Gallies, amounting in the
whole to near 30 fail ; the RuiTiLS
had only ten mips of the line, and
five frigates. Some of the (hips en-
gaged with great reiblution, whilA
uiheis on both 'fides found various
caufes for not approaching neac
enough. The Ru(rtan admiral Spi'
rito(^ encountered the Captaia
Pacha in the Sultana of 90 guns,
yard arm and yard arm ; they boik
fought wiih the greatcil fury, aod
at length run fo clofe, that ihef
locked themfelves together, wiik
grappling irons and other tacklingt
In this fituation the Ruiliani, by
throwing hand graaades from the
tops, fet theTuikiih (hip on fire,
and as they cculd not now be dif-
entangled, bo h (hips were in a
little tinrtc equally in Hamcs. Thai
dre.idfuUv circumftanced, wtihiH.'t
a poilibiliiy of fuccour, they both
at length blew up with a mod ter-
rible explofion. i he commandcii
and principal uflicers on both fides
were mollly faved ; but the crews
were nearly totally loft.

TH'.* dreadful (ate of thefc fliips,
as well as the dinger to thcfe tbai
were near them, produced a kind
of paufe on both fides ; after which
the adion was renewed, and conti-
nued till nighty without any mate-
rial advantage on either (ide. K\
fonn as it was dark, the Turkilh
(hips cut (heir cables, and run into
a little bay on the coaft of Natoiia,
near a fmall town called Cifme \
this fatal meafure, waa owing to
the ignorance, obflinacy, and pro-
bably want of refoluiion of the Lap*
uiu Pacha, who perfiAed in the ex*
ecution of it, notiAithftandinff the
remonflrances of Zaffer, and tiafljan
ijey, and others uf the bravcft and
«oft experienced officers^ who fi^re-

[STORY OF EUROPE.

[35

^ out aJI the lUngert time a

e Ihot having let iho

''igS'"8 of one of the (hips in the
« Tuiki tic&td fomi; UaHf- cenie; on lire, it tided much to the
S cover lae entixncc of this confufion and danger, in it placo
lur^uf, which wu To con- whare they hatl fo little room to
, Uut &VC14I of the Ihip] re- *A- The failori on boa. J. the Heu-
;reu djmage, and Ibrae tenant') fire-(h!p, were fo over-
I in ike fxndi for wini of powered by the horrors of tha
Thu) cnclofed, and hud- night« and dreaded fo much tha
tognber like birds under a relulc of in operAtton which thejr
lb« R.iffi«n fleet furrounded did not compn:heiid, that it vat
_. .. . _. the harbour next only by dint of fword and pidol
ing. aod call anchor within he could keep ihem on board when
1 ttiot of ilicmi at die fame he approached the enemy : and at
a^JHira] ElphinDon wai im- length, when within * few yard),
tehr employed in the prepa- he being obliged to run forward to
of (bur fire (hips, whofc ope- talte a ciofer view, the man at iha
I wen intended to talce elFefl helm immediately deferted it, and
lijht. Thii hou'cver being a *'th the whole crew jumped into
B with which the RuQlans the bnai, and lotally abandoned
acquimed, it appeared him. The lieutenant bravely laQied
mribk. and they fhewed a the helm, and feeing a boat full of
faacfcwardncft ia under;alung Turks ready to board him, before
I Bnglilb lieutenant, who had he had quite reiched the (hip, h«
d ike feivice of hit country with the fame initepidiiy lirod the
(mdc diteull. boldly under- fuzee with hii piUol, and though ha
be COndad and management was nearly blown up, and terribly
! ire-Otipi, and commodore burnt, by Tome loofc gunpoifdcr
, another otScer of the fame ihai lay on the deck, he run for.
wiiii etjual (pirit took the ward and hooked the cable of tha
id of the Ihipi that were 10 Turkifh (hip, fo that the lire waa
«n. immediately communicated to her.

twcl<rc o'clock at night, com- The lieutenant after this brave ex-
e Greig, with four Ihip* of ploit jumped into the fca, aod waf
r and two frigatei, having with great diHicuIty faved.
Jied to ihi mouth of the The fire took place foefFcfluatly,
'( engaged ihe enemy within that in five hours the whole fle«i,
ifdi, and an inceHant can- except one man of war and a few
aad faomb.tidmcnt enfucd : z'l'i^' that were towed off by tho
•ctt'cleck a fjgn^l was made Kuflian), wat totally deAroyed j
maiit Dugdale, 10 run in after which they entered the har-
Bfin-(bJp«,whiJ)hereaJily hour, and bombarded aod cannon-
ed, and bare down himfelf aded the town, and a callle that
w weatJiermoft ibip, one of proiefied it, with fucb fuccefi, that
rt) Upon ihc nut in the a lucky (hot having blown up tht
tbc loo others he ordered powder inagaiine Jn the latter,
board the two leewardmoll both were reduced to a heap of
Tvticilb la*t 1 at tha fame rubbifh. Tbuf, tlirough ih« htti
[C] . ..!■

361 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

iDifcondufl of a commander, there turbed mailers of the f

was fcarccly a veftige left at nine having blocked up the Str<

o'clock, of a town, a caflle^and the Dardanelles, intercep

a fine fleet, which had been all totally ruined the trade

inrxiilcnce, atone, the fame mora- Levant. Count Orlow r

ing. the brave Lieutenant, u

It is faid that the Turks loft conduced the firtf-fhips, w

6000 men upon this occafion, command of the Turkiih

which dees not however feem pro- war that had been fav(

bab!e» coniidering the nearnefs of which carried 62 brafs

the (hips to the fhore, and Ou
number of boats that the fleet
as well as the port mull h.ive
afforded. The run -away failo'^s
filled the whole coafts of the Levant
ui:h (liughter < nd confuHon, mur-
dering the Greeks whcieevcr they
met them, and endeavouring to
burn the towns and cities. At
Smyrna, th«fe ruffians maiTacred
fcveral hundreds of the Greeks, and
it was with the greateft difhculty
that the Janizaries prevented them
fioTi treating the other Europeans
and foreign merchants in the lamc
manner, as well as from burning
and piuiidering the city, v^hich
they leveral times endeavoured ;
nor was tranquillity thoroughly re-
llored, till the irrivalut Cara Oi'man
Ogiou, a I'urkifh noblemanof great
power and riches in that country,
%^ho came with all the pomp of a
prince, at the head of 3000 of his
vafTi'S and followers, and having
made (bine examples, and corrected
the mal-condudl of fomc of the ci-
vil oficers, dif; erfed thcfe inccn-

he alfo gave Commodore
the rank and title of Admir
an a(rarance that it (hould
lized to him, sis foon as ar
coul J return from the cmp€

Li the mean time they
the neiglibuuring idands,
ing joined by ^reat nua
the Greek inhabitants, as
by tho:e who had follow
fortunes from the Morea, 1
firge to the c:iille of Lemi
p{ ir.-fli n tf which, from
nicy to the Dardanelles, 2
ing a goud harbour, was •
of great importance tc
While fom*; of the Gre<
employed in this fiege,
greater part betook, a
c;^amp!e of their ancefton
racy, plundering indifcrii
under the pretended fan6)i(
Rulfian fidg, both friend
and (i)Ied the Archipela
their robberies and crueltic

The once celebrated
great and trading city of
was now in a mofl critical (i
its domeilic dangers feeme

diaries, la the mean time, the

unfortunate Captain Pacha, »ho equal to its powers of 1

was wounded in the engagement, and an attack from the

and who notwithftanding bore the

total blame of this fatal misfortune,

w«u Lehcaded by order of the Grand

Signior, and Zaffer Ucy appointed

Captain Pacha in hit place.

The Kui&ans, by this great and
fucccfSf became undif-

which was every day expefl
ed to threaten its utter de
The inhabitants were ac
Jy in the greatcft conflc
hut the app:ehenfion
an event, w.is more pa
dreadful to the foreign

HISTORY OF EUROPE. [j;

gnat aa^r of Eanqiewi ChriftUns of my aktioD t that-.tha
MET cooflantlf refideni. M Eaglifh in pwticalu- «eM' btld bj
it 9oM {volttbly ha*e the Emprels in [bt hi^bsit depM
fUMt b the firft ioftaiKr, of efteem and fricndOiip, and that
' had noib'inK left to exped he Ihould think bimfelf hippjr ir
bceonc nAimi n the f*tj eytry occafioii that oSrrcd, of .M-
ileBGG of the popqlacc. A filling her FiieDdly iDteDtioni, and
ion lo Count Orlow. it wai expreJing hit uwn affeflion to.
migbt prevent lach a de- them. The Count then oblerved,
it wai forned, from being that it wat a thing unbaard of
into execniion; to thi*, in the proccfs of a irar. to let
r, the jealoafici wfaicb the an eaemy koowi ivbat wa>. Or wa»
DO II entertain, ofan^com- not, within the intended lin« of
ikn or intercoorfe between operaiioa ; thit it was be&dei be-
dent Chriftian*, and an ene< yo:id hi* Icoowledge, ai fnch ope-
■ear and>lb dangeroa* of ratiuni maft in a grMt mtal'nro
*■ piofeffioD, feemed topte- depend npon intervening drcam-
ivmoontable diAculties. flancet, aj well a» upon the excla-
afoal jealonfy of the Tarki five will of the Sovereign. ,
d upon thii occa^rai. and Thii was the general anfwcr to
iace to the comawa fafeiy; the depotaiion ; boi Count Orlow
nbarked in this meafure at the fame linie treated iho Gen-
iBNch eagerneli a* the pro- tleman with fuch nncomihon markt
and farnilbed a fmall vcflel of friendlhtp and ttteniian, and
iag of trace, for the depu- gave him fuch afltirances that no-
well as fotne Janizaries to thing bui the utmoft neceffitjr coald
faim on bb conrtc, from their induce hit miftref* to order, or hioi
nple. An Englilb merchant to take any Itep that might prejn-
:vailed npon to undertake dice his nationt ai fully removed
ixardous office, as it was hii appreheufioni, and convinced
:, from the great friendlhip him ihai be bad oKt with >the do-
ig between the two nations, fired fuccefi. The Count at parting
: was more likely than any gave him feveral TarkiOi prifonert
ifocceed in tbenegociation: to take along with Urn. and told
e reafooa, however, doubled them they owed their liberty only
ger to him and his country- to ih^ Genttcmin, and to th«
I any misfortune had fol< country which he belonged to, and
This Gentleman, after deGred himfelf to attribute every
• great rilki iu his voyage particnlar fatisfadion he had re-
be Pirates on both fides, Ccived to the fame caufe. This
loant Orlow buQly engaged favourable reception of the depniy,
ficjte of Lemnos, who re- rcilored quiet to the inhabiianti ^
him wi>b great diHioAion, Smyrna, and .fateiy lo the Aran*
wed every mark of relpc£t gers.

[ard for hit country. The It would be an iojuAice to the

informed him, ihac neither character of Count Orlow, no: to

trodions nor inclinations take notice of tnc exiraardinary.

I to oficr Mi> injury to the jiumanity and generofity, with
[CJ 3 which

58l ANNUAL REGISTER, 1776.

^hich tie opott etery occafion the befiegers never Iietnl oT fcir
tre;itrd the Turkiih prifoners that being in the i(land» till he attack«l
fell into his hands, in the courfe theol foddenly before day in their
of this naval war. Among other camp. The confequenoe was* chat
noble inflance* of this nature, the the Ruiliant were routedt and the
LaHy of an officer of high rank» furvivors obliged to take flieiter ia
wa9 uken on her paflage from the their (hips ; and the Greeks wcfi
coaft of Syria, together with her almoft totally cut to pieces: the
daughter, a fine child of about few that eicaped, and Che iahabi-
nine years old ; the Count imme- tants of the ifland that affifled the
diately ordered them to be removed RufHaos, were hanged withool
from the cruizer on board his own mercy wherever they were caoghL
fhip, where they were lodged and Later accounts fay, that the
treated with every degree cf relpedl. Ruffians returned to the ifland, and
attended by their own people wiili- not only recovered their fbrner
out the fmallcft rellraint, and all footing in it, but obliged Haflaa
their rich baggage and elfeAs Bey and his troops to experience
retutncd. With tne fame fpirit all the feveritiet, which they had
of generofity, he, in conformity before infli^led on the Greeks.
witli the Turkifliminners,abftained Thefe accounts, though there has
from feeing the Lady ; but treated been more than fufficient time for
the child when (he chofe to come it, have not however been prrper-
to fee him, with all the tendernefs ly authenticated. The Rattans
of a parent, and made her fevera! have made feveral attempts to force
valuable and curious prefents* At their way through the Dardanelles;
length, the Erfi opportunity that but without effeA ; and notwith-
prefentcd, he fent the whole Handing the unparalleled fortune
family at his own expence, on that attended them in deftroying the
board a neutral ihip, to the huf- Turkiih fleet, the confeqoences
band and father at Cooftantinople. have not hitherto been equal to
Such aAions fhould not be forgot- what might have been expeded
ten, and require no praife but the from fo extraordinary an event.
rela:ing. Duriag this Hate of extreme

Thefiegeof thecaftleof Lemnos lofs and misfortune, the Turkiih
went on but ilowly, and continued Empire feemed convulfed in all its
a long time ; the Greeks, who parts ; order, fubmiffion, and re-
were almoft the only land forces ipeGt to government feemed totally
that the Ru(S%ns now had, were at an end ; mafTacre and coafuSon
languid operators in a fervice that took place ; and to fill op the
required patience, labour, and dif- meafnre of calamity, the plague
cipline, aad which prefented no made the moil cruel ravages, above
immediate, nor raifed no golden a thoufand perfons dying daily in
hopes of plunder. At leoth Haf- Conilantinople only, for feveral
fan Bey, who we had occaiion to weeks. The deftrudion of their
mention in the late fea*fight, crof- fleet was better known in ibat me-
fed over by night from the conti- tropolis, and was in itfelf more
nent of Romania with 3000 men, immediately alarming, than any
and conduAed autters fo well, that other misfortune that could luive

happened ^

hi S T ajl.X Q^ E U ROPE. p9

«tt ud u if ^ dtngera of hii coantryiBea, w«ra alfi> f^*

Hiiaite imv u9t (utttivaiy' cwed, le Bratt -nnr btttcriet-

;. -^ nii-awajr fdlon filled on ibe ftrctglit*, ind lo p« ihe-

i ftii||fccf "tnd 'AAifufioBf ctfllct inis ■ pniper tec of 4c-

iMTiy ftr" firt Id the dtj Ance. By ibefc bum, togcilMr:

barbs . it ie^tni tiiMJ : it nitth tbt tnentuntj of Uw Diidt

tbeft nUbcaiitt were fe ud currmti necel&fr to fiKilkUft

beocd, by the ■cecSoa of fncb id eaterprime. «11 tke «C-

adi OM Till«D« of all KinpH af the RuCau, to fbn*

lonlevlarijr hj the cnnrdi th«r piffiga bxvc hiihetis ptoccd

men tram tke Dinabe, fn'vM^.

ti Bodiinrw rnbfil on bat Nor hu tbc revolntton is Bgpptr

r, Am 1*7 cuu to an aor tbe intsrceptiiig of the trsdo

»(KgeniCBt NRh the jvA- frota ibe le&r Afia and Syria by

in die fgbarbi of Pera, (he KaSant, been attciidrd afitli

KMOe thov&Mb of them wttt tbe fatal cmteqacacei i« tbe ac-

dty cat u ^ecei, and tbc' tropolii (btt wen expcdcd, M

^mcd. imidft all'ite calioutia it bai been

le BKan tioM. every ineie- cooftaatly tad plentifallj fupplied

icafarc «» taken far tbe fis with provMoni ; a fdid ly for «bicb

af tbe Dardaacllci, and all h it prindpally iadebted, le ibc

lainingAipt and plliet were Ion;; nrent of fea-coaft front ibe

Nit with'ibe greattft ezpedi^ moD:baftbeHeUe<pantto the Black

affift ID defmdine the paf- Sea. In ibc nen-ane, thematat

Tbe lite Vizir, Moldavanri feafon having obliged the Aoffiant

dia, wai recalled frtm hu M ^itit ibeir ftation near tbe Oar»

ind fient at the bead of danellei, the trade throngb tbc

nen for the fame pnrpofe; 8reii!liii hat again been opnied.
tbe firll eneiniei he had to While tbe forte ba* thus ftially

ter were the rcbelliont fat. experitnced, all the nciffitodei and

>bo landed in a body in b**Dck of war, the calamiiiei of

if the Captain Pacha, and -peftilence, and the headlong de^

r xeal for their religion, a ftrnflivcevili of anarchy, in ibeir

or their avarice and licenti- 'Europtan dominion* ; the lame

, intended to have plnnder- niaonf fyRem of policy, and weak*

burnt the city of Gallipoli, neCs and relaxation of govern nen t.

have ttiilTacred the Greeki : have extended their cffea) into

ere however happily dilap> other parts of ibii great empirct

I io tbii cruel defign, by toe and have produced a new and ex-

and rclbttition of tbe late traordinary revohition in Egypt,

who feverety chaftifed their The celebrated Ali Bey, who baa

ley, and after killing a great fo long made a diftingnidied figure

r of thna. redaced the re- a:noag che faAioni that for fome

r to orderl Tbe Chevalier yean have torn that coontry to

I Ptcuch GentlctDan who pieces, bn* it length thrown b;r

eo confal in Tartary, and ii the maflt. and taking advantage of

be an engineer of the lirft the prefent Rate of diftrefa and

»getbcr with (crcral otheri danger, hat boldly omunted tbc

[C] 4 throne

4o] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

tbronf^ of the ancient Sultans of fion ; while the GovcrnorSt by cc-

tha' kingdom. cafionally iupporting one ptny

It appears that tVe Ottomans, ag^init the other, en\leavrnred to

h^vr f'rnm the beginning made but derive that po^cr and confequence

a I^x ufe of their authority in the from their dilTeniions, which the

^vernment of Egypt. The dilbnce authority of office was incapable of

a"d ciimatr m;<de it difiicult to lup- procuring.

po*-t any confidcrahle number of All Bey, who feems to be a man

tro'^ps there : Wfhilr tr^m its prculiar of l^ron;; nitural parts, and co.fi-

fitnation, and the number i- 1 harba- dcrabic alilitics, appcjrs to have

fous nations on its borders, who improvi'd upon the line of pel icy

would nn rurally join the natives, I'truck out by the GovcTnors« and

or at I^*!!! p.fford them flielier and by dexteroufly (hifling for a nuoi-

prnte^ion if ov ^rconic, ncthing lefs ber ot years from one fide to ano-

than an' nrniy could enforce a v?ry thcr, and dcllroying by degrees

(Irid obcdicrce. Satisncd ^ith fuch parties as were obnoxious to

the ^reat bcncfirs xh^i reiuhcd from him, he at length formed one great

i's b( ing a cr?.nary to Cmllantino- one, which like Aaron's rod iwal-

pie and other rar:s of their Jomi- lowed up all the others. Net

riions, as it had formeiiy been to content with the kingdom of £-

anciert Urme. the Turks were gvpr, he has laid claim to Syria,

conicJt with a very moderate tri- Palellinc, and the part of Arabia

bute, no: ab vc one-thirw of uhich that had belonged to the ancient

came into the treai'ury. A gairilbn Suhani. 1 he ulqrpcr accord-ngly

of Janizirics was kept at Cairo, marched at the head of an army

uhire a Tafha uiih the title of Go- to fupport thcfc pretcnfions, and

vcrnor, but with little more power has actu:illy fubdued iume of the

tlnn A hat the great men of the neighbouring Provinces both of

ecu n try cho(e to allow him, con- Arabia and Syria.
lV:nj'y rtTui'd. The Princes and At the fame time that he ii

<Tranutt'^ m the country, had ab- engaged in thcTc ambiiiout pur-

friliit^ power in tht-ir rc'pe^live iuits, he is not Icfs attentive to

t.-rri: ric^. ar.u h( id a general the elhblithing of a regular form

idVnSly or cojn-..t], every year of government, and of introducing

at Llto, v- hire ihey fetiLd the order into a country that has

;vnnKnt of liio revenues, and been fo Ion*; the feat of anarchy

ciiir.^d ujcri iuch other rati- and coisfulinn. His views aic

c r^ .! DuitcTj ao de(:«ande<l contiJcr- equally extended to commerce, for

a::«)p. I d prevent any rcilraint wiuch purjHife he has given great

ffi r/ ihi" ( .i>\t rnor, or thcr bein^ cnc^^jrai^ement -to th? Chriilian

cu:i.. viu hv thr l.mi'/.uies, as well Tr;iiiL-r%, and has taken off iome

T.: :ro:n thi* cuniiniial quarrels IhaLiCul reAraints and indignitfieSa

%in.)i<;jr thi-mlc'les. they ail came to which they were fubjeifl in that

a'.::'!>.at:d by ineir jraud v-llals. barbarcus country ; healfourorea

'iuui ailemblics, iunoivr io b.irba- leiUT to the republic of Venice,

roti, a pei pic, naturdily factious with the grcaiell aifurances of his

ai.d treacherrus, prctenti-d conti- frienddnp, and that their Mer-

nuiil fccncs of bluodlhcd aud confu- dams ftiould meet with every de«'.

gree

HISTORY OF EUROPE. [41

{TrcoTproiefikm ind rarety, his Rey haf alTumrd the rule, an

gmi dcfign ii fiid to be, lo mike elFeiiiinate, cruel, treacheraos, and

Einfelf mafler of the Red-Sea ; lo daftardly ; who, for a long fuccef-

opn the port of Suez to all na- lian of agci, have been ihe eafjr

DOM. but particularly to the Eu- prey of every barbarcos invader,

npcaiM. aod to make Egypt once and corrupted wiih every vice, that

BOrrtlie great center of commerce. debafei hu;ii3ii naure. If It could

Tbough ihia conduA and ihcfe be iimfiir.eil that fucb a people

■icwa, (hew an exieit of'thrunhc wmilJ ^a like men in rhedefence of

aad ability ihat indiciie nothing their rights, their own malice and

of the harbarian, and befpeak a treac'.iery noald probably alter*

■iod equal to the founding of an w^rJs execute, what lbs enemy

empiretyciifthePoriecanconcJude was incnpnble cf «lF«arpg in the

a tolenble peace with Raltia. there field. It cruld be ctily the total

feCBBi no great prt^ahiliiy thjt fuhvcrfion of the Utioman empire,

ibW new government will be laJt- that coul.i aff'nrJ a pmrpett of

ing. The people over whom ^li fuccefji to this undertaking.

Va'oa^tf /Imit af PaJanJ ; tht piegut heaii cut in that eeantrt. Girmany,
Ct^iaa i/lbl Emfirtr. Of U t K:u^ cf Prujfia- I'r«jTiJia trBftfi titter
tjt Itmltriet 0/ Daalxiti. Chfr-".-]' in the Min:j!i\ at CtpmbaglK.

Pa^ri^ ixpiJithn egahj} J!girn. ^-^a.n. Diprt-izi bil-wten tbtftattt
cf Hailand amd lb* EltHer Falatint.

POLAND Hill continues to tav.ts, ihc furvivurstotally abandon,

groan under all the eaUmi[:es of ed th.ii iinponanl lbrirel<, which

■ war, in which her (hare ii only cnntinueJ cxpofcd and defined for

'.1 IcS'^r. While labouring under fevcril m 'iiths, neither RuBiani

sSf yike of foreign cruelly and op- nor raiivej venlming to take pof-

pre^'on, and coarulled in every fetTion of it. /Ml the peatants of a

part by the domeRic rage of her viiiajc be!?iX''^5 •" 1^'in^e Caar-

ci;izcns, thefe complicaicd evilj loriflci were fwept off in one day,

have ibis year been increaled, by ami nine monaficries were left with-

the addition of that molt dteadiul cut an inh.ibiian:.

fcooTge the peftilence. This dir". It wculJ Iccm that this fatal

temper broke out in fomc villages fcourge of mar.kiiid, in ihe prelent

CI the froniieri of Turky, from l^ivlcis llate of that country, con-

• bence it foon fpreaU into the ad- tinually koured by independent,

jaining provinces of Poland, and or oppofitc bodies of armed men,

made the mcff cruel ravages in together wiih the confl.ini coro>

Po:!alia. Volhinia, ar.d the Uk- munication nccniionnd by the tak-

raine. Having penetrated into ihe in^ of prisoners and p'unJcr, and

flrong frontier city of K.iminicck, the carryini; off priwiiVipj, ci'uld

where i; made gie:it havWk amnng not by any .iiiman means ha.-; breii

'.:ie garrilbn u well aa the inhal)i- reliraincd in iii prc:'rcr>. The

lil.Vi

42] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

lines however that were drawni and
the great care taken to prevent its
fprcadingy have providentially fuc-
ceededy and confined its rage to
thofe provinc's where it firft began,
where it is faid to have fwept ofF
250,000 of the people. By the
lateft accounts,«Ae fevere cold of
the winter has efPe^lually checked
its fury ; happy if the returning
heat of the fomnier, operating upon
the mifery and dilirelTes of the peo-
ple, does not again call forth its
latent feeds into adlion.

The continued loiTes of the con-
federates have by no means leiTen-
ed their exorbitances, nor even in
appearance their numbers ; on the
contrary, they fecm to multiply and
•cquire new Arength by repeated
dellruAion, are in pciTiflion of fe-
veral provinces, and that exienGve
country prefent^ nothing but end-
Icfs fcenes of ruin and dcfolation.
If we are forprized at the adonifh-
ing perfevcrancc which dill produ-
ces confedrracies, %ve cannot be left
fo, that (he country (hould in any
manner be capable of fupporting
them : it might be imagined that
in fuch a ft«te of infccurity and
anarchy, vihcre thrre is fo little
hope ot enjoying the future crop,
the hufbandmen would wholly a-
bandon the cultivation of the earth.
Jt appears by a calculation faid to
be accurate, that the confederates
had exaded above a year n^o from
the inhabitants of the province of
Great Poland only, iince the firft
commencement of hoftilitics, above
16 millions of florins : to which if
we add the provifions and forage
furnifhed to the Ruffians, the
plunder and ruin of private fami-
lies, and the lofs fuilaincd from the
great number of exili-5, who car-
ried off their moft valuable move-

ables, fome idea may be formed of
the deplorable ftate of the conntry.

The great Germanic powers, fiill
obferve the fame myfierious con-
duA with refpcd to the affairi of
Poland, and the events of the pre-
fent war, which we have before
more than once taken notice of.
The breaking otit of the plapoe, has
afforded an opportunity to the Em-
peror as well as the King of Pmffia,
to form lines compofed of great bo-
dies of troops along the frontiers of
that countiy. The clofe connec-
tion that at prefent fabfifts between
thefe Princes, the mutaal comple-
tion of their forces, the attentioa
ihcy pay to their refpeAive military
departments, and the excellent con-
dition of their armies, (eem to in-
dicate fome great defign in view.

The Emperor, in purfuance of
his former conduA at Milan, the
good efFe^ls of which had been fo
happily expcritncrd by the inha- «
bitants of that dutchy, has fet apart
one day in the week at Vienna, for
receiving petitions and complaints
from all his fubje^^s, without any
the fmalleft diftinflion as to birth
or rank ; and the ofBcers of the
court have eyprefs orders, not to
turn away any perlbn whatever who
may come to implore his protec-
tion, let th'ir condition be ever
fo low. He at the fame time nobly
declared, that it behoved him to
dojudice, and that it was his in*
variable intention to render it to
all the world, without rcfpeQ of
pcrfon.s.

The camp and grand review this
year at Neufiad in Moravia, feemed
calculated for the entertainment and
reception of the kin? of Pruflia, who
paid a vifit to the Emperor at that
place. The meeting between g
thefe great monarchs was in '^ '^'

appearance

ttlSTORY OF EUROPE. t43

■MfcrwiManJagaiHoB. The dtj of DaottUk hai am

nMlf taaftft ths bdMMen, occafioa ihii jeu-, of cxptriendog

iior^ the tiMpt, flMiif of oneof themuiyDiifbrtiiiwitowUn

wAcvbcKd, aad had cxpc- a fnudl lUte. which hu great aad-

■ dw &tsl aMfeqaeneet of fouDidableneij^iboiirtufrcqoeBlljr
Bofitj that had fi> long fnt^ expofed- A bMjr of Prof- «
envcra the two familiet. fian iroopiiMile afadden 1*^*9'

people w«c ^Kpobd to irruption at two o'clock ia die noro*

ft due other canfci befidei iog into the territoriei of that cjnr,

• or CMJoGif, had ooadnced where they rorpiised ftrcral of tiw

Uto fifiti beneen thefc ont-pofli, finied.tho cuaoa, aad

1 1 aad that the war between made the men prifimcra. They

ifhboariDg powen* to which were afterwardi reinforced to th*

flfthcBCoaldheindifferentt ODiaber of five tboafand, and en-

■ nitiniate objeA of them, camped aboot fcor milei from tha
it paid by Prince Henry of uty, where they coatinued fome
to the Coortof Petcrlborgb, weeke, bat oblerred an ezaft difd''

ia loao degree to connte- p.liac.

Ina opioitn ; ami made it not Thit violent tranfaftioo coold not

■■pofibic, thatbcb a par- fiul of being fufficiently alarming

>f territory might be agreed to the DinEzicken, who baviog fe-

bctween the three coorti, cured ibeir gatei, applied to al) the

U be highly advaDtigeovs foreigo Miaillen to write to their

i( and which ia the prefent refpeUivc courts, lo implore their

ftancei moft hare been fub* proteftion, or ioterceffion in their

to, ai well by the Porte ai favour. It leems that the Magi-

abiicof Poland. The Ciiy Arates hid Torbidden the Prnffiio

ixick, and regal Prnffia. were recruiting officer! to levy men with-

of the noA imjiortaDt and in their free city ; and the Ppft-

(nature 10 one Of the puriie^; oiafter had refufedtopaftiibiDecalki

le the provinceaof Moldavia of rilver,which came tor the Prnffian

alachia. left lb to anoiher { rcfideat.wiihoDi examination. The

loffia might have been amply complaint tbnndcd on the lafl of

>£ited on the fide of Tanary thefe caufeiwai the more groaodler*.

t Goafi* of the Black Sea, ai the poft-office beloogs to tbc King

■ever thi* may be. Hates chat of Poland, and the Magiftratea have

Tval power fetdom want am- no manner of authority over it.

1 and the Emperor ii now The coolctjuence waa, thai in

have the fine ft and beft dif. aboQtamooth.the city,aponagree-

d army, that ever the boufe ing to pay 75 ,000 docaii, ind fnb-

kia wai poflHred of. With fcribing to certain conditioni, wan

rcc, and the affefiion* of the admitted id depute two counlellon

, which he fe eminently pol- to make a fubmininn 10 hit PrafSan

be may well be lappoted to Majclty. The condiEiooi were :

;rcat defigni, and the prefent ift. That they Ihould fcctle and pay

M of affain, feemi in a par- withont delay, all the demanda

manner to a£fbrd an oppor- made by the Kiog't rubjefii, on tbe

far their completion. city or burgheri :— -ad. That tha

^] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

PruiTians (hoald have liberty to cn-
)iit recraiis, agreeable to the treaty
of Whelavar : — 3d. Thai they (hall
not harbour any Pru^:an dcfertcrs :
— *4th. That the money confign'ed
to the Pruflian reiident, (hall not
hr. liable to infpc^tion :— and 5th.
That the inhabitants (hall comport
ihemfelves in fuch a manner, as
not to give any future raufe of com-
plaint to his Prudian Majeily.

Ac the fame time all the Pruflian
fobjefls thnt were rclidents of Dant-
wk, were peremptorily ordered to
return to their rcipe<llive countries-
Nothing could Iv? more arbitrary,
nor attrnded with circumllances of
^rca'^er cr;iclty th.in this a^. Many
of thefe propic had married, h.iJ
Trrmed ail their connexions, had
p' quired comideraMe fortunes, and
hpil fpent tne principal pnrtof thrir
lives in that ^reat tradinj^ city : fo
titui this order carried along with it
sU the pungent iiings of baniChmenc
from a native country, at the motl
critical period.s and in the mud
interefting fituations of life.

Several quick and unexpeXed re*
voiations, have taken place this
}-carintheD n:(h miniHry. Count
Holke, the great fnvjurits of the
King, and luppofed to pofTefs an
unbounded afcendencv over him,
was fuddenlv, 10 the furprir.c of the
world, uithut any motives publicly
aligned, degraded fiom all his cm-
ploy meiii<^, and bamlhed the court.
•Several other ercac chaii(>e!>, as ra-
pldly* And aimolt as uncxprctrfi^lly,
liavc Ijnce taken place at this court :
ihc Count) Mi'Uke, Tii^tt, Ke-
vcQtUu, and N.'. de Roiencrantz,
have been oiimiiu'd fr«.>m their cm-
plnymrnts, wittumt a peniioT, or
other mar k rf favc;;r to :;.iy of them,
except M. RoU-i crapix. General
Pailulc»pi«o.v, lae Kulliaa Miuilter,

quitted this coort abruptly
without taking leave, imtnec
upon thefe lafl changes, whic
place juft at the dofe of the

The caofe of thefe move
has not yet tranfpired. It i
that the French intereft has (
gained ground confiderably a
pcnhagen ; and from the i
departure of the Ruflian mi
it might not fecm unwzrra
to hazard a conjedlurc, th
intrigues of that bufy com
foTic ihare in this change of
fters. The King however cot
the fame patriotic condu^ t(
his people, which has hither
tinguilhcd his reign ; as
p*oof of which, as well as <
difpofition to the encouragem
arts, iciences, and learning,
this year freed the prefs fr
rellraints, and by a refer ipt d
the cadleof Hirl'cholm, exe.11
Books published in his dom:
from any kind c( cenfurc.

The ill fucceis of (he exp<
which the Danes undertoo
year againA Algiers, is a rec
ilance, that large thips, hean
Ron, and a number of failoi
not conilitute an ul'eful and el
navy, without that military fa
and (kill, which is only to
quired in aituni fervice. '1 h<
ciron fent upon ihi> expedici'
conducted by Admiral Kaa
con ii lied of four liiips of th
two frigiu.**» ^^v.) h^.nU) vcffll:
firclhip. 1 he Aiiiiiir J i hav-
ing anchored in 't\: road of*
Alj:icr?, hoiftcd a white fla^
uhich he entered into a i
ncj:ociation wi;h the Dcy, iv
f^ much difpleaiVd with a Ic
had icceivcQ inm him, that
dercd the Algciine colour)
hoi tied « and icvcral c.nuo

HISTORY OF EUROPE. [45

l^be fired at the Danes ; bot they
khf at fuch a diftance as to be

an of all danger, iliil conti'iucd
IB ibe fame pactF«c diipoiiiion,
mihout returning a fingle iboc, and
tkf white flag flying.

This ttrunge appearance of war
ind peace, of avoued thrCii:, and
of real inaQion, continued un the

barians made fcveral fpirited.
though inelFcdlual attempts, as
well by their gallies. as by a rait,
or iloaiing battery, which they con-
ilructed, to have made the Danes
icpent of their vide.

On ih.it day, the admiral hung
out a while flag, and Icai a floop
towards the fli<»rc, under the I'ame

fide of the Danes for Ave whole days, peaceable cniij.i, wSich was met
thuagh the Algeriocs fired at thcni by the capc-iiii of the port, in a

feveral times with great fury, but
•itbout elFec), as they were never
vitliin reach of their (hot. In the
Bcjn time the Algerines Attcd out
fix gillies and galliots, who made a
bold attempt, in the ni/nt, in bring
oh the D.tnifli b^tmb-vciilla, in
which, however, they failed of
(ccccfs. '1 he inhabitanti of the
ci:y uere notwithiUndi'^g in great
cnQtofioD, as the longer the c!ouJ
WAS gathering, the more dreauful
ihfy apprehended would be its efl-'cCts
HrlkCD it burll ; th?y acc\)r^:i. >Iy
del'crted the place in great nuiii hers,
and fciired with their muii valuable
moveables to the woods and m^uu-
tiios.

Oa the 6:h morning, the ndmi-
nl hoiiled the bloody flag, and the
cannonade and bombardment nt
ier.gth began, which ivas immr Ji-
atcly aniweri-d with great brilknei's
by all the cailles a 'd fons about
the city, and continued ail day,
bu! without a finclc fliot havino;
taken place on either fide, in the
evening, the admiral again hung
cji the white flag; and the Algc-
rine gallies made another attempt
10 the night, with great refolution,
to bring off the bomb veiTels, but
a ere overpowered by the fuperior
fire of the fie?t, which continued
Kill morning. This fort of engage-
ment was carried on to the izth
cavy during which time the £dr-

bark, who came to know the caufc
of its approacli. A letter from the
admiral was tlvjn delivered to the
captain, uMch he wa^i char"ed to
deliver into the Dcy*:» owi. h.mda.
but whiLii he fojn a.'tsr brcughc
bad:. uiJi an account that the l3ev
rerulcd to receive it. The Danr'i
lingered two davs longer, during
which time, the Algcriaes were
flruirglin:; with the weather, thougli
it blew a iLjrm, to endeavour lo
brinjT ihe raft to bear u^on iljem.
At Ienp,ih. on the 15th day, ihc
fi'.-ei wfjRiied a ichDr in the iiiorii-
iog, and put ail end to this unac-
countabie cxpeditijD.

Svvc.:en his been produdJive of
noihing very inierelling this year.
A Iu:n tf money having been al-
lotud by the ilato, to tn«»ie ihe
Princes of Sweden to graii.y their
curiofity, of makii)g a toiJr to fee the
prsacipal nations of Karope ; tiie
iVince Royal and his next brother,
Adolphas rredeiick, (et out in ilic
latter end of the year upon that
laudable defign.

A new ordinance rclntiv to pomp
and luxury ha-* been jiTaed, b.'
which the ievrrityof the former, o;'
1765, has been much relaxed. All
winei, however, except thoi'e of
France, the Ilhinp, and Pcr'vciL
asvi*c!l as punch, flil! concinuc to r»e
prohibited ; ns are worked rutri/s,
velvets^ and iilk Uces u^n liveries.

The

46] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

TKe ofe of coffee, tea, and choco-
late it permitted ; but every family
tkat sfe them mud pay for a licence
ia proportion to their rank and
•amber. The importation of
wiodow-glafs from England and
France is permitted, but fobjed to
a daty of 25 per ant. By another

3rolation, the expence of fune-
s it limited, and oak coffins are
prohibited ; as are hey dues and
fanning footmen.

The death of the Ring, which
happened fince the clofe of the
year, and the acceflion of a young
oAive Prince, nearly allied to the
King of Pruffia, and who does not
Icem deficient in ability, may pro-
hMj caofe great alterations in the
iaternal government, as well as in
the general political fyftem of this
coantry. We have feen upon for-
flier 06CafioBt that the court have a
Terr great party in the country :
tod a yoang Prince, if he has only
commoa abiUties, will find a dif-
pofitioa very favourable to his
aagmenting the namber of his
frieodt.

A mifonderftanding, which hap.
peaed diit year between the Sutes

of Holland and the Ele^kor Pala-
tine, relative to the navigation of
the Rhine, and the payment of
certain duties claimed by the
former, had for a time the appear-
i^nce of being attended with fe«
rious confequences. The Eledor,
upon this difpate, flopped fome
veflTels belonging to the republic,
at Duffsldorp, and the latter pub-
liihed an interdi^on of the navi-
gation on the Rhine to his fubjeds,
and prohibited all commerce and
communication between the two
ftates. This was refented fo warmly
by the Eledor, that his troops re*
ceived orders to be ready to>march
at the fhorteft warning ; whtfenpoa
the ftates iflued an order for fifteen
battalions to reinforce the garrifims
of Maeftricht, Venlo, and Grave*
and a number of veflTels were pre«
pared to convey artillery and war-
like llorei to thofe places. The
Courts of Vienna and Berlin, and
the Eledor of Triers, however in-
terfered upon this occafion, and by
their friendly mediation, affairs
were amicably adjuAed, • . .
and the navigation on •'"^ '9"^
the Rhine again opened.

CHAP.

HISTORY OFEUROPE. [47

CHAP. VI.

ffamtt, Smfiriwgt ^ M. Ji CbaUimt. Pn/tntitm nmrntmaJ *g*infl tbg
Dui* flii^Uam, at Ftr/ailUi. A htd of juftitt ktU, at •u/bith tbt
JCng fmli *fi»p t» tbt Fnficmtin by hit Liltirt Patint. CohJmS »f lb*
PrLmcu ^ tht HmJ. Jrrtt tf iht farliamtnt ef Paris ttfaixfi ihi DiJu.
Tbt Kimg iffutl an arm. By •aibieb that ef tht farUamtnl it aitnntUd,
GramJ Afalalitm fnm tbt farliamtat le VtrfsiUti ; tbt Kiag's aiifvn

C*m^tS af tb: atbtr farliamtati. D.futatisn fra-n tbt farliamtm tf
Britmry ; ftoi ^ in mcmitri jint I* frifan. Tbt Xing arrivti faddtidj
ml Parii, mad iatJi a bid af jufiiei, at •uibicb all tbt paptri rtiativi

tb* frafttmtiaa art fiixtJ, and tbt dttrtti »/ ibi farlioMtat trafid fiam
tbt Ktgifitri. fialial mtafarit tatia toilb tbt atbtr parliamtati. Jrrtt
/ram tbt Kiag't caancil af fiatt. Diftnjfii af tbt pttpltfrom ibiftmreitf

af fravifiani. Carfita: Sxptditiea U Taaii. Stall »/ Italy.

WHILE wir hi) beeo liyiog erer degree of merit he might (|e>
wmfte ODC pirt of Eur.>pe, rive from chat aAion, the admi.
uA hai bccd hardly withheld from niftration of hit governmeat wai
Ike other, tKai reniefi lAive fpirit fuch, ai to bring opon him a great
in France, which has fo often nrged degree of the odigm of the peo-
iti influence amoRg her neighbours, pte whom he gOTerneil: till at
(mou now. perhip», happily for length a public profecution wai
then, to find dotnellic matter fuffi- commenced againn him by the
cient to give it full emptoymeni. parliament of the province! for
The partiality and obftinacy (hewn crimei of the deepeA and blackeft
by the king, in behalf of M) fa- die. Whatever fbundation there
voorite, the Dulcc dc Aiguillon, might have been for theTe chargeir
bein» oppofed by the intrepid re- there mnll have been fomethtng
(blutiun of the parliaments in de- very alarming and extraordinary
fence of the eftiblilhed and le^al in bis conduft, tbat could induce
government, ha« already effeAed the whole nation to unite agatnft
ID part, and feem! hnally to one man, with ai much fervor, at
' '' ' the particular members of the
province that he governed. Nor
RMiniry. was thii a popular odium only,
Thii Duke, who hi) occafioned founded upon the fympathy of the
To much confuTion in hii native people, or proceeding from (he
cnantry, wag feveral yean gover- veneration they owed to their par-
Mr of the province of Britany, and liaments ; we fee that the Piincev
■cqeifcd lome credit in the laft of the bloud, and fuch of the Peers
war, from hit having the command ai were nnt under immediate in-
of the rernlar forces and militia, fluence, though the natural fop-
«ho attaclced our rear in the well- porter* of the crown, were upon
Jtaowo atfair ef St. Cai. What- ihii occafioQ on ibe fane fide, and

so] ANi»JUAL REGISTER, 1770.

parliament ; declared it to be an
infringement of the royal autho-
rity, and commanded the Duke to
take his place among the Peers.

This arret was followed by (trong
reprcfentations from the Princes
and Peers, complaining not only
of the illegal proceedings at the
late bed of jullice, which anni-
hilated the undoubted rights, at

the late tranfadlions to be iltegali
and as fubverfive of the King's
LUthority^ which was founded opon
the laws, as they were deftruQive
to juflice, and to the rights and
privileges of the peerage and peo-
ple.

Arret followed arret » from the
parliaments of-Bourdeaux and
Touloufe, by which the Dutchy

the fame time that it facrificed the of Aiguillon was ftripped of all the
honour of thr peerage ; but alfo of rights and privileges of peerage*
the King's arbitrary mandate, until the Duke fliould be acqoit-
whlch forbad them to deliberate ted by due coar(B of law, of all
upon a fubje£l, in which their moll the charges laid againft him. The
ciTential interefts, and mod valuable parliament of Reones, returned no-
privileges were involved. Repre- opened the King's lett^ petenr,
fentations of the fame nature, were which were fent to aoflol one of
made by the parliament of Paris, their arrets. They aUb burnt by
who fent a grand deputation of the common hangmeir, two printed
, forty-two of their members memorials in favour of the Duke
^ ' to Verfailles, headed by the de Aiguillon, whieh they illecUred

to contain the mod deteftable te-
nets, totally fobverfive of the coo-
ftitution, of the rights, ]ibertiet»
and franchifes of the people ; and
founded upon principles that tend
to overturn all legal governmenti
and to loofen every band that
unites mankind in a (late of kh
ciety.

The king's council being fent

firft prefident, to whom the King
returned the following anfwer ;

** After the decree you gave on
the 2d of this month, which 1 have
Annulled, I ought not to liften to
your reprcfentations : I will never
permit any oppoGtion to the exe-
cution of my Letters Patent, of the
27th of lait month ; and I forbid
you, under the pains of difobe-

dience, to throw any obilacle in the to court by the parliament of]
v/zy of the Duke de Aiguillon's to know what day it would pleafe
enjoyment of all the rights of his Majelly to receive their re*

peerage in your Aflembly." The monlbances, were anfwered by the

peremptorinefs of this command, chancellor, ** That his Majefiy

had, however, no effefl upon the would neither y^# nor hear his par<

condu^ of the parliament ; who, liament." The Council, wen

having met next day in full af-

fcmbly, confirmed all their former

decrees and refolutions, and only

deliberated what were the proper

tneafures next to be taken in con-

fequence of ir.

The other parliaments were not

behind hand in vigour or refolution

were

however blamed, opon the ailem-
bling of the chambers to receive
the report, for no: delivering their
meflage perfonally to the King*
and for accepting any anfwer from
the Chancel ior.

A deputation of nineteen mem-
bers from the parliament of Bri<

with that of Paris. They declared uny, received leave to wait upoi

the

HISTORY OF EUROPE.

CS'

Ae king U Conpeigne ; but were been the principal caufe of Ail 1
faUd lO pall tkroagh P«ris, either more irregujar proceedings in foioe
K or coining bacic, other parliaincnti ; that ihe king

goiDg or c
Aif. Motb. Thekiiigi

them to fpetk a fea-
Moe, told then that hit letters pi-
Mnt AuMild tuvcimporcd a mollab-
Uue filcoce on them ; that their
coadoA was of too ferioai a natore
a pals lUpaniQied; but that he
waM cooteat himfclf with punifli-
I of ihem, which he hoped

iiipoftd the moll abfoluca
£lcnce, and forbid all deliberations
upon ihofe fubjecls. Tiiat he fore-
warned ihem, that he fhould look
upon atl correfpondence with the
Other parliament!, ai a criminal
confederacy againft his perfon and
authority. He ordered all hi) lirft
ifidentf, and all other prefldenta

■add be fafficient to keep the reft and officers of the parliament, who

n ikdr duty. Two of ihc mem- fliould preGde in his a' fence, to

\tn 1KTC accordingly fdzed, and break up all afTemblies, whErein any

fcn priioRera to the cattle ofVin- propofsl Oiould be made for deti-

cnaca. berating upon objefls, coocerning

Notwithflaoding the ill fuccefi which he has impol'ed filence, as

■UA had hitherto attended the well as upon any letters or dif-

fuliuBCBt of Paris, in all its ap- patchei (hey fhould receive from

■fiotiona to the king, it Sill per- other parliamcnci." Thus ended

imiTd ia fending repeated dena-
tMiOB* and remonlirancei to him,
■ad though the feafon of the vear
far their vacation was arrived^

extraordinary bed of jaAict .
which had thrown the whole city
of Paris loto the utmoll terror and
difmay i and which was farther io<
adjourn, while the crcafed, by the profound filence
conflitDiion of their conn- that had been commanded, and was
for fome time obferved, in every
thing relative to the tranfadions of
this day.

The parliament however had re-
fnlution enough to meet agaiR, and
ifTucd an arret, in wIiiLh they ob'

Of sere in lb critical a fiiuatioo.

At length tbc king ar-
StpL 3d, rived fnddenly at Paris,

in the morning, attend-
ed by hia gaards, who having im-
Mdiaiely fnrrounded the parlia-

■Mt-hooTe, he entered it, and held ferve, talking of this maicer, that

1 bed of jaflice, at which it is faid the mar.y afls of arbiuaty power

W leproached the members in the exercifed aj-aii-fl both the fpirit and

feteret term); be then told the letter of the conHituiion of the

ti>unbert of Inquedi and Requcfls, French monarchy, nnd indeed a-

iku be had no need of ihem, and gainA th^ folemn vow of the kirg,

tky might retire ; after which all leave no room to doubt of a prc-

tke decrees, afls and proceedings meditated defifjn to cliangc the form

*piai the Duke d'Aiguillon, were of government ; they however pro.

oiled far and delivered, and order- fclTed their firm inien[ions, to per-

<d to be erafed from their regilleri. fevere in carrying truth to the foot

Thechinccllor then madeafpeech, of the throne, and poflponed ihe

i° toe king's name, in which he farther confiUeration ul'uhai palLJ

laid ihem, among many other at the late bed oi'juiiice.to the fst-

■Ungi, " That their example had lowing December.

[D] 1 In

5a] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

In the mean time violent me^- hm alwavs had the honour Co diA
Aires were purfu* d with feveral of tinguiOi itfcIFiD fupport ofthe coa-
the other parliamc-f*:. Tr.e par- ftitution, againll the defpotic will

liament cfBril :nv, .^cfidcs thcr in-
juries it had r.lnnHy (ullaincJ, pnr-
ticularly in the lofi ' f two at iis
members, c;iriied off from the
king's prcfencc, thniiqh making
part of a drpuM.ion that hrid the
ianiUon of h.s le ive fcr its prriec-
tion, and whrie fituacion fccmt'd
ihe more dt-p'orable, as ihcir fjte
was unk'^own, was now luipriz^d
by the intrufion of the Count de
Gayon, a Mr^jor Gencr.-il, who
brought the king's letters patent
for them to r^gilicr, and an ordLT
to erafc their o»vn arrets. Though
the parlia i cnt declared they could
not deliberate in his prclcnce, he
notwithllaiiding refnfed to with-
draw, upon which all the members
quitted the houfc, except the firll
Prefidcnt, Sulitiior General, and
Rcgifter, to whom he produced let-
ters de cachet, and who were ac-
cordingly olvigcd to aucnd him till
one in the morning, at which time
the buiincrs wa5 fini(hed. The par-
liaiiejiit hovvevcr ifl'ueJ a very "ftrong
protcll againft this a^ft of power,
which they (hewed in the highell
degree to be arbitrary and illegal,
and declared i: to be null and void
in every part.

At Metz, Marflial d'Armentieres
entered the parliamtrnt-houre, af
tnc head of eight companies of gre-
nadiers, and after tearing to pieces
an arret of thers, baiiihed fev;rral
of their members toViz)iil. And
at Defanj^n, the parliament having

of the monarch, without rej^ard to
thefc violences, with its ulaal ipi-
rit, prepared a very flrong remoa-
flrance ; a:id in confrquence of iti
breaking up, charet'd the coort of
va^'ation wi:h its d^' livery ; as well
as with the ufmg all poflible mcaoi
to further its intention. Thecouft
ofafds in Paris did the fame, aod
prt-fentfd it. but the king relufed
to he'ir or accept it. This remoa-
ilrance was v^ritten with great ener-
gy, and, to the amazement as well
as anger ofthe Court, was printed
andpublilhed the next djy,

in the mean time an arret ofthe
king's council of (late was iOhed,
to annul the refolutions of the par-
liament of Bourdeaux againft the
Duke d'Aiguilion. In this arret/
among ieveral others, the fbltoHH
ing are laid down as maxims not 19
be controverted, " That the whole
adminiftratioti ofthe public power,
refides in the king's perfon atooc»
and that he is acciiuntable for tbit
adminiAration to God only ; thsc
it is from him nlonc that the mt-
gillrates hold their power ; thactbcf
are, and can be nothing moretbis
the ofhcers of his majclty, charged
with the execution oH his will} ti^U
if for the good of his people, lie
grants them leave to reprefent W
him what they think conducive \0
his fervicc, and advantageous rohis
fuhjei^b, it is tiicir dutv to do it
onlv with the refpett due to hi*
facrcd perfon. That it is neve'

committed the King's attorney there allowed to oppofe the cxecuiionrf
into confinement, Marflial deLorges his- orders, but only to m^ke the

went at tl.e head of a detachment,
firced open the prifon, and fet the
aitrjrncy at liberty.

The parliuaicnt of Roaen, which

molt reipec^tul reprcfentacions ; sod
that when his majelly does not think
proper to conile Ice nd, obedience!^

a duty impofed by all the Javfr

tbaC

HISTORY OF EUROPE.

[53

niajclly it fole legiflator in
^on, iadrpeodenc and un-
; t'nm he alone bftt a right
ag the aDticnc Uwi in »e-
Ot ifilrrpreiing them, of
nc tbem, and or making

e difpuies between the king
parliamt ni of Paris, enier-
theenfuing year, in which
r« fiully ttrmiaated, by the
lIb!o:iua of the latter, aad
bliOiment of a new and ex-
lary tribunal ia iti room, we
erefore defer our accoant of
clolion of ttaem. till it ap~
I iu proper place, in our
Igme. B/ that time, fome
:-Dfequenccs of the cxtraor-
meafure* purfncd by the
iiy poSibly begin to appear,
V liglitt be proba'uly thioivn
le caufc! tn^E ltd to ihefe
:»: at any la.e, v/e may then
lore accurate accounti than
obtained at preftnt.
ng thefc tranl^di^r.j the
n w>< in.a (late of incgrcat-
ratisUCt'.on and confulion ;
Otwiihltanding the Ilrong
of government in th:it coun-
iiiiie *at prudence able to
pubiic dikonient, that the
and other ftaie prifonl were
ith unhappy offenJcri, The
I'm and h:roic tirmncrs of the
enu. iviio, at llic expencc of
and pcrronal liifety, pcrfe-
o the Uli in defence of the
d conlUtution cf their couii-
Idtrd all mankind to tbe.n,
ryurdiT, from the prii);c<>r
.1 to ihf peui':iiit \vii on :heir
died irweconliJertheu-m-

i^cciied, thaL ii;.' tiling hot

that courtry, could hare hitherto
prevented the nioft extraordinary
conlcquencet from taking place.
How long thii difiruJiive power

may continue to defolate the coun-
try, or whether, ai has frequently
been the cafe, it may ac length faU
by itt own enormous weight, mitft
be Iffi to time to diftlofe.

We have already takeri notice of
the fcarcicy of proi'ifioDi which pre-
vailed this year in France. Tho
dillreflet of the pcnp!e were fa ex-
celSve, that it is faid 4000 perfoni
perifhed by famine in Limoiin and
the Marche only; and in Norman-
dy, the moll fruitful province of
France, barley bread fuld at above
t*o-pen;e a pound. Thii mifery
produced namberlcfs rioti and in-
f rr-'ftions in different parts, in
which much mifchief was dune,
and many lives loft. The porti
wereopened, and liberty giren to
foreigners as well as nativei, to im-
parl corn, to (lore it, and to export
It wlienercr they pleafed upon pay-
ing the cullomary duties, without
any retrofpefl as to the pHce for
u'hich it might have been fold at
any time duiing iti continuance in
i)Le porta. Upon the whole, ibii
c;un;ry ii at prefent far fron be-
ing in an enviable licuatJon with
rifprd to ill dominie affiirs ; nar
could a ftronger inftance perhaps
bt given of itj inicmal ill covcrn-
mrni, than ihii Cnce the death of
King StanifljLiis, n-^twiihUanding
every means b^ing ufed to prevent
it, abnve loco families, it i* corn-
have cmigiaiedlrom the citv

IlCii haiul liai fo i<

of K.ir
I..:-.

["]:

. lo
:. fl.,.ir;:7iin

be called a conqucft,
wherq

54] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

where the people arc upon every
occafion in a Itate of defiance, as
ibon as the weaknefs of the invader,
or the nature of the country, admits
the fmalled hope of fuccefs ; where
the French are afraid lo (lir without
their walls for fear of being maifa-
cred ; and where the governor was
this rummer obliged to make a kind
of campaign at the head of 5000
men, to redrain the fury of the fup-
pofed fubjcfls. Indeed the Count
de Marbeuf gained no great honour
by this kind of campaign ; a great
many examples of cruelty, and a
few perhaps of juftice, were made.
'I he real infurgents fled to their
native and inacceflible failnefles ;
they had no intention of engaging
(he French in the field, and they
knew they would not follow them.
As there was' no doubt bat their
friends and countrymen, who dwelt
in more expofed places, held acor-
refpondence ivith them, and would
aid and afiift them, when it cou]4
be done with fafety, it was thought
ncLelTary to ftrike a terror by nu-
merous executions. A number of
thcfe poor people have alio been
fcnt in chains to i-rancc, from
whence they are to be tranfported
to the Weil-Indies ; in this the
P'rcnch feem to have adopted the
Eafiern policy, of fccuriag the
conqueft by removing the inhabi-
tants to diitant p.uts of the uorld.

The French, however, from the
heat of the weather and the unheal-
liiincrs of the country, have paid
acar for this fumnier expeditioii ;
stnd i'. wou'd fct m, that while the
prefent ii.vincibicavcrfi'jn of the na-
tives to ihtir j»(.'Vt rnmcnt continues,
it canno: ccPi tlum ! (<«, unleis thev
totally extcrmina e them, than 18,
or 20 battalions to keep poiTellion
of (he iHand. At an ;k([cmh\y of

the dates convened this year by tbe
Count de Marbeuf, the foUamng
are faid to have been their demaads*
«« That France (ball have the fa-
preme dominion of the kingdom of
Corfica; but that the govamncat
(hall be republican ; that the pab>
lie employments, churchei, and
benefices, (hall be at the difpoial
of the CorAcans ; that the peopit
(hall have a Speaker, to oelivcr
whatever they may have to lay be-
fore the kine ; that all public mBm
(hall be in the Italian langoaee;
and that they (hall retain the privi-
leges of fait, and of the mint.*^

A fmall fquadron which wu feat
from France to bring the Taniibnt
to reafon, facceeded much better ia 1
that enterprise, than the Danes did I
in theirs againd Algiers. It appears
that regency had concluded a ireatf
with the CorficanSf while they wtit
yet a free people, and feem never
to have approved of the invafionflf
that illand : (ince the conqoed of
it, theff took all Corfican barks that
they met under French colours, and
made (laves of the crews : they al(b
drove the French African company
from a valuable coral fiftiery, which
they pode(rcd on their coadi. When
the Freuch fquadron, which coo-
(ided only of two (hips of the line*
together with fomc frigates, bombs,
and Malteze gallies, appeared be-
fore I'unis, their demands were b
high, being 8oo,coo livres for the
expence of the expedition, and
2co,coo for the lofs of the cor^l
fifhcry, that the Bey equivocated
for icme days without giving a
dire£l anf.vcr.

Mr. Broves, the French com-
mander, did not however chufe to
be triilcd with ; and after drawing
the inhabitants of his nation out of
the city, who i%cre fudercd to de-

part

HISTORY OF EUROPE. [55

th their eSefii, wlthoat the that violence that generally attenda

sleftation, or the receiving the firft efforts of reformation, and

1 iafult from tbc pc^nlace, which the Jefuits fo lately cxperi-

Ibine Trigaies to cruize at the eoced in France, Spain and Portn-

of the harbour, and failed gil, the Italian poweri feem ana-

te reft of the fqaadroo to nimous in the genera] intention, of

4 Biferta. Thii port, which reducing the ezorbicant power of

w kingdom of Tunis, lies the clergy, contrafling their nnm-

omilei north of the cipital, ben, and leffening their riches ;

laili near the fite, and pro- they do this however with fach a

at ^iherniniof iheancient degree, of moderation, and fo fttiA

the French bombarded it a regirdtojuftice, as to refrainfnin

gtMir, and threw in between all a&i of inhnmanicy, and from

300 bombs ; fome galliot) the rain of helplefs and anfortanata

Hirat, and fome other mif- individual*. By this means the re*

(me, hot not very confidera- formation will be effedoally, and al*

'rom thence they proceeded moll imperceptibly brought about t

, and fome other places on with ihe greateft advantage to tha

I i but as the dcGgn of tbe flate, and with lefs clamour or dif-

n was only to obtain faiii
and fccurity for the future.
Bey wai averfe to war, mat-
Tt caGly compronifed.
vit accordingly concluded,
incipal articles of which,
he reftoration of tbe Corfi-
!i with (heir tWdkn, a

The prefent Pope, by his mode-
ration, good fenfe, and the pecu-
liar bappinefs of his temper, has
conciliated all thofe powers, who
'ere To adverfe to the court of Rome
n the time of his predeceflbr. By
his means, enmity has died away,
Igmentof that illand's being good bomoar taken place, and he
property of France, and the will owe to kindnefs, what his pre-
Ihery to be again put upon deceflbr loll, by a rigid, and per-
ler footing. haps harlh perfeverapce, in defenca

. which has been fo often of what he deemed his rights. The
atre of war, now happily breach with Portugal, which feem-
lU the bleflings of peaccand ed irrepaAble, is already made up.
An advantage which i; rtot and a papal nuncio received at that
her, as the different Hates court; France, bas almofl religned
) vie, in improving their Avignon, and the territories feiaed,
■ increafing their commerce, and claims made by the king of
rilhing thole arts that pro- Naples, will probably fallow,
pertain to peace. Without

tO] +

56] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

CHAP. VII.

State of tiffairs previous to the meeting of parliament. Gineral difconteti
upon the deteitnination on the Mnidlejex eleeiiom, Addrejfes : Petitions the
coufequtnce of the addrejfes. Parliament meets. Speech from the throm.
Debates. Amendment prcpofed to the addrefs ; Affair of the petitions^
nj.olently agitated: Amendment njeSed. Refi^nations. Motion tending
to define the jurifdiilion, in cafes of contefted eleQion \ anundmini to
the motion. Motion in the H&ufe of Lords. Frotefi.

TH E general difcontcnt ex-
ciicd by the proceedings on
the Middic'fX t'ledlion, pariicu-
Jarly by the final deciiion, given
upon ihp petition prefented by fome
irceh«'lders of that county, at the
clofe ot t:.e lafl i'ciTion of p.irlia-
iTicnt, did not at all fubfide
duriiig the rummer On iho con-
trary, the rcmotcfl counties caught
the alarm* and the body of frec-
holJcrs, in general^ throughout the
kngdom, thought ihcmlclves
mounded in the mod vital part.
It is, however, to he doubted,
whether ihcy would {q fcon have
adopted the niethod of expref-
iing their feelings by petitions to
the throne, if it had not been for
fjiPiC T/ell- meant, thGUf;h probably
not wed-judgcd meaTures, that were
taken fome time previous to the
uliimate decifion on the Right of
Eltdion.

/^Jdrefles from great bodies or
communities, that give a plaudit
to the public m:'.n^genicnt and con-
dud ot atr'oirs, r.iull be verv flae-
tering to Hi! min.lli'rs. They have
)"rcqiicni!y dclir^d thrm, uhtn any
ciiihcuh copiurCturc in aifair^, fo-
reign or ooincitic, has made it
iieceiFary, ro i.tke along wi;h them
the coluclivc I'cnlc of the people.
s\\ tbij particular time« when

public difccntents ran higher, and
public meafures were more freely
and ioudly cenfured, than at any
other late period, fuch teflimoflies
of popular approbation, if they
could be pretty generally obtainedt
would not only have been pleafing.
but highly uleful. Tbcy wcokl
have made it appear, at a time when
a que (lion of the mod delicate and
important nature was on the pmat
of being agitated, that fuch cea^
fure> were groundlels, and pro-
ceeded either from interefted viewsp
or the pnrticular animofity of a
few ; while the meafures on which
they ^ere founded, were well re-
ceived, and Tatistadory to the na*
tion at large.

Upon this principle, ^leafures
were taken at the fprfng ailiases,
to feel the temper of the counties ;
and as addrcfles, in their general
acceptation, are confidered as lit*
tie more than matters ot* compli-
ment and good humour, and that
the Judges. Lieutenants of the coun-
ties, and ShenfFi!, have great influ-
ence at thete meetings, it was not
doubted but a confiderable number,
if not .1 in.;iority, might have been
induced lo prcMcnt (horn ; e.pecially
as m' derate men, even when ^ar
from being faiufied wih the mea-
I'urci of govcromcot, ^ill ieldom

hazAt^

HISTORY OF EUROPE. [57

E refaU. which, however metropolii, in wkicfa ibe party of

. the party thu happen the court wat extremely w»k. Th«

be warm in outwxrd pro- maoner in which [hi* addrcli wai

>f loyalty, will always ct«- Aid to hare been obtained, and

0 *a ioOance of diftfiedion. the riot that esCucd upon the de-
er pmbability appeared livery of it, oar reader will fee ia
(deaf thefe realbnt ia fpe- the Chronicle, and' its Appendix
. the defign aafwered btn ior the Ibriner year.

ntly, when it cane to be The fpirit of addreffing cogU

into executioa I and if ibe be carried no further i a England,

mid have been perceived in It was invidiouily oblcived, that

y remotely trying the pub- Scotland wai much moie ready ui

afiiion, which duei not ap- eaprcffing the motl peHt& f«iia-

npoSble, it w.:uld feem faclion in the condaft and cha-

Mre prudent Id have laid nOer of the minifters. AddreSittt

ifnre totally by fbr the pre- which filled the Gazette for fevcral

an by an obfti'-ate perfe- weeks cane from every town, ant

. to fhew a weaknel'i which from almoA every village in that

have been otherwife un- p^rt of the kingdom.

or which at leaft mad hare The flyle of many of thefe ei-

ed a matter of doobt. dreflei wm not altogether proper:

, £ent, Surry, and Salop, they were unnecclTarily overloadel

e only coaatiet froni which with profelHoii* of loyalty, which

Ireflei were obtained. The are needlelily repeated, except in

ment ufed to get foire, cafes of great doubt, or real d«a-

f this imall nuinber, in a ger, wh^n they carry moch ihe

Egrre fruilrated the end chat most weight tor not being in com-

ip-'led ; management, in a mon ufe. By rcprtfenting the peo-

couoty, peHupt neteOary, pie 10 be in little iefs than aflate

lich, in a twpular caufe, of rebellion, they threw an obb

lave been eaCly overlooked, liqat, and aUrming impouiion

liverhiie* addrefled on ttiii upon a conliderable part of tha

L A con&derable oppofi- nuiion. It teemed to many, that

J made to the mea<ure at they were calieJ upon to juAiiy

; at Cambridge, the in- their dilcoitKni, by Ihewing. in

>t the Duke ot Gratton, fomc Bianner equally Itrong and

it with left difficulty. The public, that their oppofmon to

•f Briftol and Co-entry, and the court wa; not taken upon fille

poration of Liverpool, with or trivial ground, Tt.c final de-

oth:r places of left note, cifion of the .V.idltcirx Eleaion,

;d addrelTes. An addreii whilll tie natio:^ wat in a lerment

1 prefenttd, which purport- from other g>iu«';, furitilhcd n
be tiDtn t!ie MErcha,ii<, favourable oppon.i' i:y.

d Traders, and lnh:ibi:3ii» I'etitioni were therefore fet on

City ot LonJjn. w.u in- foot, in many pljcts ior the re-

:o contradict the reiiiiinenis, dreis of gnew^Ticei. !■ r the re-

interacl tlie proceedings of moval of bad minil.^is, and for the

,Oiaie body of ibii great baoilhaicnt Iron liie ri^yal p.rc-

Icnce

58] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

fence for ever, of thofe evil coun* that the imprudent matter or ei»

fellors, who, the petitioneis af- prefTions of any petition, formei

ferced, had endeavoured to alien- no objeflion to the meafure itkUL

ate the affedlions of the fubje^s> That if the right of eledion wi

and to deprive them of their dear- important, the violation was ift*

€f\ and rood eiTentiai rights. The grant ; and no remedy was to bt

County of Middlcfex, as the mod expedled for that flagrant vjola-

im mediately afFeded, took the lead tion of an important right, froai

upon this occafion, and prcfcnted the very body which had been '

a petition, which, it was generally gailty of the violation. Thecfoim

thought, would have had greater could not, indeed, rtfdnd the aft

force, if it had not been clogged of the Honfe of Commons ; boc

with a verbofe and tedious detail the crown could fend thnt Hode

f>f all the real and fuppofcd of Commons to their conftitnenu;

grievances that had been com- and thefe might chnfe a Hoafe

plained of for the laft fix or feven difpofed to redrefs the grievance

years. complained of. In this maBBCf

The City of London fucceeded the crown might adminiller a ft*

to the County of Middlefex : This medy ; the legality of an appHci*

petition was pretty nearly in the tion for it could not be denied,

fame ftrain with the former. AU fince the Houfe of Commons hid,

though the dtfcontent fpread fail by exprefs refolution, admitted a ,

and widely, and was even ilronger right in the fnbjed to petition the

in fome remote places than in the crown for the diflblving, at weQis

neighbourhood of the metropolis, the calling and fitting of parlii*

the courfe of petitioning feemed ments.

for fome time to be at a ftand ; Thefe arguments prevailed ift

feveral donbts arofe in the minds, about feventeen counties, and fe-

cven of thofe who were mod ani- veral cities and boroughs. TU

mated ngainft the condud of the petitions were faid to be figncd hj

sniniftry ; iome qucfiioned the le- upwards of 60,000 of the eleAors«

gality of a petition to the crown Some of the petitions were piin-

a^ainft a decifion of the Houfe of cipally confined to the violaicd

Commons in matter of eledHon, right of eledlion, others were mote

and did not fee, though the com- dimife ; York (hire, Weftminlter,

plaint were legal, how it was in and fome others, prayed in ez-

the power of the crown to give prefs terms for a diifolution of par-

redrefs ; others were difguAed with liament ; fome only infinnated it ;

the pattern of the firll petitions, while a good many prefcribed no
i»hich were £lled with u variety of particular mode of redrefs.
matters, fome of which they con- Such was the lUte of affairs

fidered cither as Hale or frivolous, previous to the meeting of parlia-

or doubtful. ment. The nation had been in

'J'hefe difficulties were removed a great ferment during the whole
in feveral placei by the a^tivi'y of fuinmer— -the like had fcarcelf
tiic oppofiiion, who, it mud be been ever remembered. Many Aft
C'\r.cd, everted very greit power::, friends of adminillration having
vviihcc^ual induilry. They av^ued;. ioundj that, whether from the na-

tnrt

HISTORY OF EUROPE. [J9

A/eaBt, or the dexterity of might ooBQanallj keep alin th«t

■frnUrirw. ihm pmrrr nf Hr EUlier ofconplunt. Befi<lc*tiflfa«

iwoptitiei in the Hoaf« MqtSct were fnftred to pmceed in

■von*, wu axmatlf ud thii method, of remoabatiKg to

illy BopofnUr, tbon^t it tbe cnwB in their AateriJ apuitf,

be wife to giTC W4y lo the not only wiihont bat agiintt their

di^ofi'.ion, and that it reprricDtativei ; a majority in par*

be no diTgnce to relcind liuKOt woold become ineCcand

fefioa, their own rcfdatioa to the fapport of goremment ;

her 1 thai they mold thereby and fo no miniftiy (sold bo &fc.

■tcly remove that fatid except ia courting the popular

•f .AfeoDtcnt, the Middle- opinion, to the mamfeft detnmeur

i6ioa, let what would elfe of the lerrice of the bveragn.

bdiiod 1 aod prereot ite They woald therefore htwt ttwCi

■ay longer a matter fcri- pctitiou eonfidered «i adi little

[arming to iho moft mode- leli than trealbiiable, and to bo

id dirpaSoaate part of the examined aod pnoiflied ai crimci

while it waj nied a» a of the gnateft m^nitode.
b* the torbnlent and ambi- Tbe mindi of ^1 men were oc"
>f brugiDg thcfflfelvea into cnj^ed on the one fide aod the
wncc. other with thefe coofiderationt,
he Other hand, fercral of the and great expedaiioat were form-
er^ cried oat for meafarei ed coDceraing the manner in which
Tity. Tbe authority of Par- thefe great painta would
: had been trampled upon, be handled in the fpeech Jaa> 9th.
■ ' ■' had been lafulted on from tbe throne. Tha
jme, by ptoceeding* at oace fpeech began, liy taking notice oFa
tS abfard and pro'ohing: diOempcr that had broke out
t petition*. A diflblution among the homed cattle j touched
lament was debred ftom the on| iMne topici conceroing foreign

aad 00 what groand t be- a&irt, and the dillraetioni of

mt parliament bad complied America, and concluded widt the

c miniAen. whom tbe Kine nfual recommcndationi to ueani-

* had appointed. How could mity. No notice whatfoever waa

left to oe obeyed in thofe taken of the great domeftic aiove-

critical cmergenciea, that meoti, wbich had brought on, or

eceflarily occur in any plan followed tbe petitioni.
randizing the crown i uhen Tbe public were much fnrprixed

inifters who formed fach at the filence concerning the peti*

were given up, and the tioni, and at the folemn mention

who had afted under their of the homed cilile, wbich filled

.-e wa« dillblved i To (up- the place of that important bnfl-

le minillcrs eft'edually, it ncf*. It became even a fubjeQ

:only nece(r>ry to aJherc to of too general ridicule, efpecially

read meafure io ihe Mid- at the exiftence of the difltmper,

Ele^iou, aa a perpetual or at leaft the extent or danger.

policy ; but to puniih the did not difpofc the pct^le to mere

enen, «bo, Qiherwife, fcrious thought}.

4 TbB

6ol ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

The oppofition, however, did
not copy the referve of the ipccch.
L'pon reading the addrefs^ a mo-
tion was made for the following
ainendmenc, to afTure his Majcdy,
that they would immediately en-
quire into the caufcs of the dif-
contents that prevail in every part
of h\b Majefty's dominions. This
irotioo occafioned long debates,
uhich were carried on with a
warmth and acrimony of exprcilion,
before unknown in that aflembly,
and in the courfe of which, the
ftverel^ animadveriions were made
upon different parts of the fpeech.

The affair of the petitions was
▼•rlently agitated, and while on
one dde, the grievances and dif-
cor.tents cf the people, were urg-
ed as the ftrixigell rcafons for the
propofed amendment, fome of the
geiitUmeQ on the other fide»
c^wTted the exi Hence of either
grievances or difcontents: another
more moderate and fmaller part
ct thofe who fopporied admini-
fr.ttion, did not deny but there
nii,c;ht be fome grievances, though
iM'Ch exaggerated ; thvy acknow-
It-dgcd the difcon:ents, and they
cieclared themfeives willing to con-
fjvirr them at a ptoper time, as
VI ell as to re-confidcr the Middle-
Ilx afF.:ir, though they were Ail!
ot cpiQioii that tney had adled
Fi^rht in it, upon the principles of
the Isw as it Itood uhcn tbev made
the decifion ; thcfe principles, they
iiiourd, might bear hard on the
lights of the cudor^, efpecinlly in
f nrlian-vnis ^.ontinued bcyood the
ir{iu n ; intry la*. J tney were wiiling
to liiien to metlx)ds of ledrcls
if^l)ti!y pr(-pc»rt.-dy ai.J nt a time of
Itiii.r' : but ihcy cl)jc6tcd to the
f^ou .!> as it would be to criminate

themfeives ; to alFure his Majeflyi i
that by an abufe of power^ they
had been the caufe of all the pre-
vailing difcontents, and in effetl to
join in a prayer for their own dif*
folution.

The far greater nomber, how*
ever, on this fide of the quefttoot
admitting the difcontents. entirely
charged them, as well as the pe-
titions, to the gentlemen in oppofi*
tion, through whofe influence aid
induftry, the people were perfnaded
to imagine the one and to fign the
other; while the only caufe lor
either, was the ill will of their
leaders to ad mi nitration. They
cbferved, that the majority of
gentlemen of large fbrtUDea> pf
the judices of peace, and of tho
clergy, in fome of the couiitiei»
had not figned the petitions ) that
a majority of the counties had not
petitioned; that the inferior free-
holders, were not capable of an*
derllanding what they figned;
that the farmers and weavers in
Yorkihire and Cumberland, conU
neither know, nnr take any in-
tereil in what beiel the freeholders
of Middlefex, if ihey had not been
fet on by feditious and fadiooi
men, by grievance-hunters and
petit ion- mongers ; that by thefo
pecple, meetings were advertife<t»
ipcccbes made, writings publilhed»
government vilified, the parlia-
mcnt abufcd, and the people in-
fiamtd ; that all this was done only
to diltrefs government ; but thac
if even a majority of fuch free*
holders had figned petitions,
without any inducnce or folicita«
ti;)n, thty were only to be confi-
dcrcil ail ihe ads cf a rabble, and
o\ an ignorant multitude, incapable
cf judging.

HISTORY OF, EUROPE.- lit

wa> Urn liDgaage, befulei other method people coiaBitMicatc

tpprobnoa* epiibcu, tbat th;:ir fcaumeottF It wai obfer*ed(

««D wirer not to oTe, drawn that it had been inGDuaied. that

the violcDce of putyt and our grievaneei are imagioiry, be-

aod eagerneli of debate, caufe they are fuch at ibe peafaats

cliargM drew from the or artilicert of DcvonOitrc anl

en in oppoGtion, a fpirited Yorkfhire would not imntdiacclf

of the part thef had taken feel, nor perhipt difcover till thcf

rd to tlie petiiiont, and of felt. But if thofe who f>.-e op-

tiaenu which thejr deli- preffioa in itj di(taat, thoo^h cer-'

to their conltitueati : they tain approach t if tbofe who tee thv

ed that ihcy were bound rnbvcr&on of liberty in its cadJe.

cr to their conlUtuents an are alwayi few, doei il follow that

of tbeir .coadnQ in par- there are never approacbei to op-'

, to give them their advice preffion, or remote caufei of the

IflioB, when aikcd, in any fubverGi» of liberty I If the feir

kai related to their interefb, who can and do diicover e^fb w

pre them the earlieA notice their caufes, open the cyei of

Kwafurei that were fubver- otheri ; if thofe who fee the right*

their righti, or dangerooi of eleAion invaded in MiddleCcj^

CMflitotion. That tn the acquunt the gracier* and cloath-

nraacct they did not hunt ien, in remote countiu, with their

ititioos or pedtionen ; the inierefi in the event, and iia con-

eri (boght them ; for tbe feqaences, are they for that reaToa

that titc unprecedented de- leaden of a fafUoo, and aSaated

i the majority on the Mid- by perfonal and felfiOi viewi I

cle&ion wai known, every As to the majority of geatlemsm

dent freeholder in the of large forcuae, nnt having fig ned

n, wa* ftruck with the the petitioni, the Ixfl was difprovel

arming apprehenfions. Se- in fome inHaoccs, in which it'hai

.■ely acknowledged, tbatthey been alter ted j it was befidei ob-

t the meetings of the free' ferved, that many gentlemen were

, whenever they were in- much inBuenced; ih it the jnfticea

ad liionght it their duty fo of peace were imat.-dtJicIy appoint-

and to give them every ed by the crown ; and that no body

SDance in their power to of men could b« und^r gieater in-

a redrefs of the injury done iiuence than the clergy, yet chat

I. In confequence of fame fom:: of thcfe even had limned (he

threats that were thrown pe:itioiii. It wr, a&.-d if i;ic iiulk

ibe other fide, they bcMly of the freeholders were of no ac-

ibeir figniog the petitions, counc ; if their opinion was of do

red [heir opponents co fu: weight; aud it wii :;fil>ied, that

att in execniion. they -were that rcfpcAable body gf

charges of meeting, and men, uho atone were luperior to

. and fpeaking, which h^i nli nicnacr, all f.-ar, and all in-

entioned by a great lawyer fluence.

liAet method, were ridicu- it n'ns fa id, that the peutioning

id it wu alked, in what countiv^, ciiias, and town), were.

6a] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

in refpf A to opulence and number
of inhabitants, far fuperior to thofe
that had not petitioned : and that
they contributed more to the land-
tax, which was now a ted of free-
hold property in this country, than
the reft of the' united kingdom.
That it was well known what fteps
were taken in feveral other coun-
ties to prevent their petitioning;
that in fome they wanted leaders,
others, great men, who were
lafily influenced thcmfelves, had
fuch power that no body dared to
oppofe it ; that it was much in the
iheriff's power to prevent or damp
the meeting of a county, which
power had been exerted upon fe-
veral occafions ; and that where the
difpofition appeared prevalent,
haily meafures had been taken at
ibme of the affixes to prevent the
grand jury from deliberating as a
body.

But was it to be brought as a
proof that there was no dilcontent,
becaufe all the counties did not pe-
tition i what muft that government
be, again 11 which every member of
the community lodges a com-
plaint ? That, indeed, the prefent
complaints, along with being more
general, were marked with parti-
cular circumftances, which fuffi-
ciently dilllnguiftied them from all
others, and Ihewed they were the
general voice of the people, as
well of thofe uho had cxprefleJ
their fcntim<-nts publicly as of
thofe who had not. That at other
periods, and f me of the moft cri-
tical in this country, petitions mi-
litated againll petitions ; the whigs
petitioning one thing, the tories
againll it ; two parties always op-
pofing one another ; biit in (he
prefent inllance, neither the whole
weight of power, nor the influence

of the great, bad been able Co pro*
duce one oppofite petitioa or ad-
drefs from the time the firft wh
delivered. Some gentlemen^ coming
from counties that had not petitioii*
ed, declared that evea tnere the
difcontent was general.

Many other matters, foreien and
domellic, were brought on in the
ccurfe of the debates of thii day ;
the conduA obferved in regard CD
the colonies, was particularly fera-
tinized ; and the decifion oa the
Middlefex Election was largely ee*
tered into : both thefe will come ii
courfe before our readers ia their
proper place. Other matten were
of a temporary nature* bat all
ferved abundantly to vent that ill
humour, which (o ftroogly predo-
minated on both fides.

The firft Lord of the Admirahf
was called upon to declare, whe-
ther France did not threaten a wir»
becaufe fome conceflions were ic*
fufed, which would have been de-
rogatory to the honour of the
Britifli flag, if complied with. To
this it was anfwered. that a Freacb
frigate, bearing a royal com*
miffion, arrived, and caft anchor
in the Downs, in the fame road
where fome of his Majefty's (bipi
then were, without paying the
ufual falute. That the Lieuteoaat
who commanded a floop of war of
twenty guns, fent an oiHcer oa
board to demand the cuftomary
refpedl, which the Cnptain of the
Fiench veiicl refufed : having, ai
he faid, no orders to pay ir, and
not being fufficiently informed of
the right to demand it, he coald
not, nor would not rifque the ho-
nour of his nation in a point of
fo great c^nfcqucnce. The Lieu-
tenant returned for anfwer, that
his pretended ignorance fliould aot

exempt

HISTORY OF EUROPE.

ih

him from paying that afl
of obedience to the Bntifli flag,
vMck his nation had ever paid to
it m the narrow Teas, and with a
frmnela» becoming the dignity of
1 Bricifli officer, declared he would
fink him if he obftinately refufed.
The French Captain was peremp-
tory, and the Lientenant drew up
along fide of hit veflcl, and fired
a flkot into her ; at the fame time
he fmt the officer who had carried
tte meflage, to tfarike the flag, which
the French Capuin thought proper
to fuffer to remainjn the fame fitua-
lion dnrinj^ hb flay.

That this was the nature of the
preicot difpate ; the French Mini-
try had complained of this adl ; but
feemed by no means difpofed to
carry things to extremities in fup-
port of their denund of redrefs, as
ikey feond no difpofition in our
coirt to relax in the claim to that
cereaonial of fubmiflion, the ex-
a&ing of which was the occaiion
of the difpnte.

After long debates, the propofed
amendment was rejeded by a great
majority, and the addrefs pafl^ed in
the nfoal form. The King ob-
irnred in the anfwer to the Addrefs,
*' That his intereft and thofe of his
people muft ever be the fame ; and.
that in pnrfoing fuch meafures as
are moll 'conducive to their real
kappinefs, they would give to him
the rrueft and mod acceptable- tef-
timony^ of their attachment to his
peribn and government."

Among other particulars that
diftinguimed the debates of this day,
the Marauis of Granby, command-
cr in chief of the forces, made a
public recantation of the opinion
which he had formerly given on the
Middlefex cleflion : he faid, that it
•as for want of conii Jering the nice

diflludion between cxpul/ion and
incapacitation, that he had given
his vote for the fitting cf a member,
who was not returned, in the laft
feilion of parliament: and that he
(hould. always lament that vote as
the greateil misfortune of his life.
That he now faw he was in an error,
and was not afhamed to make that
public declaration of it, and to give
his vote for the 'amendment.
A few days after the ,
op'ining of the fcflion, a J**"* '7-
great number of refignations took
place ; Lord Camden refi'jned
the Seals ; the Marquis of Gran-
by, all his places, except the re-
giment of blues ; the Duke of
fieanfbrt, his place of Mafter
of the Horfe to the Queen ; the
Duke of Mancheiler, and Earl
of Coventry, of Lords of the Bed-
chamber; the Earl of Huntingdon*
his place of Groom of the Stole ;
and Mr. James Grenvillc, his of-
fice of one of the Vice Treafurers
of Ireland. Mr. Dunning, the Sol-
licitor- General, alfo reiigned that
employmont.

The whole of adminiflration
feemed to be falling to pieces. A
violent panic prevailed ; but the
court, refolute in its purpofe of
governing by men who had no po-
pular views or c nneiiUons, was de-
termined to fight the battic, not-
withllanJing this defcrtion of fo
many of its principal commanders,
Mr. Charles Yorkc, was with much
<i' TiCultv ' rcv'.ilcJ uDon to accent
i:\z Se:il5. lie died three days cf-
tcr. uverv thin:; feemed to con-
ipire againil the court.

Sir John Cull, re- |
figned his ctTice o* Speak- J*"" ^^'
er ot I. he Hr.jfc of Commonc,
through hii ill ftate of h.*i*tn,
aTid \^4s fucccrdcd bv Sir Fiec-

*

Cher

64] ANNUAL RE

cber Norton. This Genclemaa
was propofeH by the Minifter, who
was i'uppofed to conduil the affairs
of government in the Houfe of
Commons, and another was pro-
pofed by the Gentlemen in oppofi-
tion ; this brought on, by a divi-
£on, a new trial of the force on
both (ides, in which however the
former had a majority of near two
to one*
g , A few days a^tcr, to the

general atljnilhment of the
nation, the Dake of Gra'ton re-
signed his ofTicc of firft Lmd of the
Treat'ury, and was iucceeded by
Lord North 9 who was already Chan-
cel iof o' the F.xchcqucr.

Various caufcs were afTigned, or
ratlier iurmifcs formed, upon the mo*>
lives of (his refignation. Some ima-
ginei), that he h :d been ovrr ruicd
on various cccntiMis in the cabinet,
and did not chufe to make himfelf
any longrr rcfponfible, for me;iiures
uhich he did not entirely approve.
Oti;crs a'.tributed it to the pure cf-
fed^s I f fi-ar ; ihcv laid ihrtt a vio-
lent oppcfiii n was fr^relren in boih
llou(cs ; that th? murnier:: aiid di(-
contents of the pcof^le were bcco:ne
truly alarmii.g ; that impf achnients
W£re talNi'J oi,anJ even i;iit.;tcnLJ;
and concluilc'd that he hp.d not h:tr-
dincts er.ou(>h to Hand the (lit/ck of
ihele dificrci.t encounters. How-
ever ihii niigiu be. the writers
on the liJe of gcvcrnmcnt at
1h.1t lime, at'.cr tlic r**; ca:-d
j>r..irc'« which liiey had b».ll»"AvJ
on hi.s pub'ic contiuct, p:tr:.(.u-
Inily his firmn: d, u. vi fuddeaJy
chan^^d their tone. anJ reproached
him with a cowardly defrriion in
the lime of danger. Hia Gr:icc
ho vk ever publicly dcclarril, ihtt he
wi'Uld lliil corti!>ue to lupporC the
xnearurcb oi AoinluillraiioD ; a pIo-

G I S T E R, 1770.

mife which he pan£lually falfiUed
upon every occauon.

As the decifion on the Middlefex
eledtion was the grievance, of all
others, which the people principally
complained of, and what apcarcd
to the Gentlemen in oppofttkof
as a mealure more dangerous to the
conditution, than any that had been
adopted for many years, fo it be*
came during thii fcllion the princi*
pal fubjed ot debate in b6;h iloufes*
and was as well within, as out cf
doors, the great objed of public
attention. Though it was fooa
found, that there was no profped
of refcinding the former vote of ex-
clufion, it was ftill thought that
fomc concrfiion would have beta
made to quiet the minds of the peo-
ple ; and that whatever realoot
might pariiculariy determine a per*
fcvcrance in fupporc of that fingle
a«^t ; as the principle on whictkit
was founded, was (whether right or
wiong) deemed fo alarming an in*
vafion of the rights of the freehold-
ers, it would be either efff dually
guarded againU, or totally givca
up for the tuture.

i he rioufe having rcfol*^- •

ed itfelf into a grand com- ^
mitice on the Hate of the nation, t
motion was made. That in the ex*
trcU'c of its juriididtion, it ought
to jud^^e of ele(^ions by the law of
the land, and by the cuilom aiKi
( ra^ii e of parliament, which is part
o* :h.t l.fv. Triis was underKood
to be liie hading propofiiion to a
llri''^ of re(olu;ions, that were to
lead to a condemnation of the prto*'
ciplc.4 of the determination in the
Midv'.lcfex election. The manner
ot ;'u:tipg thib bc;;inninjj was full of
}Ki.;i lUtCii.iry l»wiil ; tiie queilion
bti .g conducted by an experienced
ai.d ubic ivlcmbcr, Mr. Dowdef-

weU.

ISTORY OF EUROPE. [«|»

' traOi of ihe propo* «nd a mocion wt» made in the Oms
denied, i monllroai commmee next day— Thai by ths
; poiver would be if' lawof theUnd, aDd theknotvn law
irliaoieat. If it wai and ciiflomt of parliFment, no dr-
iller propofittoni re- fon, eligible by comioon righCt CU)
the determination of be incapacitated by vole or relblu-
aid follow, connefled tion of that houfe, but by sA of

I perhaps rqgtlly hird parliament only. In tlie coaifpof

If gni riJ offer the the debtees upon thii queflioni a
prrviout queilion, it inoiion was ipade to i^journ the
Mgain to tormeot them c-^mmittce ; but ihii proposal not
bein^ fecondcd wai dropi ; other
inatrer* were however called Dp
which Utempted the debate, ant|
it wa) paficd over wijboHt mging
to a divifiun.

Nor was the aSJir of the Mlddld-
fex elcflion, lefa agitated in th«
houfc of Loidt, where a great de-
bate arofe upon it at the opening of
or giving way to tne the fclHon. Upon this occ^fion, a
whicK wii, tiut the great law Lord, as well as Iiigb of-
di (hoj'd be added to ^cer of Aate, whcfe opiaioa had
And that th • judg- been long witbed fbr> and nai helj
houTe in the cafe of in much eftioiattoo by liie public.
. was agreeabto to the pronounced it deciCvely againil the
id, and fully anthoris- tneafures purfiicd upon that elcfUoa.
ra£^ce of pirliarfitnt. 7^!* public dir>pprobation, be>
latent uRi lotullyfuh- lides the great weight it carried,
principles upon U'hich from the particular ciicunAauces of
U founded, it was ac- ftaiion and charafter, wat tcndcrcij
pofed with great vi- inorcefTcEliTe, ai leuft ontpf doorf,
debates renewed with by the uncomni^ energy of the
; till at length upon firms in which it wks dciivcnidi
e nuii'bers buinj; 2i^ He declared, that be conlidered ^e
queO.inii uith ihe a- deriiion upon that aliair, as a dired

II cai^i'd ; and beir.g attack upon the firll principles of
ito a pub'ic rerolutitin, (he confiitution ; and that if in t|M
ecom: .1 full conlirma- judicial exeicifeof his office, be wa*
;rra r detiiion on, the to pay any regard to thai, or 10 any
!£:ion, it put a Gn.1l other fuch vote, pnlleJ inoppofiii-
pes of thofi-, whs :!ill on to thcJtnownanJeAablilbed law*

^ore.

aft

er admitting

siied

the

neceJliiy of

cbai

rtfoldlion, which

e might

fuppofe that

..-Aed

oil

its own afts :

ived

an

amendment,

put an end

f thei

:?'

tr changing

; the form<T detcrmi-

af the land, he 0)0:11.-1 toolc upon

liat fubjea wcuia have

himfelf as a traitor to his truf!, and

i.

a) enemy to kii cuntty.

lyopnn this quelli.^n.

Tbii publicavowal of an opinioi,

ccr fo great, a; it had

fo contrary to the cocJuil. if i;oi

ipon other occallont ; to the y\

1^1

•66] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

confidered as t total defcQion, aod
refentcd as a dcfertiun from that
fide. It had however been preced-
ed, on the Came day^ by a fimil^r
declaration relative to the MidUle-
fex bufinefi, on the part of the Earl
of Chatham ; who now Teemed dif-
pofed to recover, that almoft boand-
Xeft popularity which he once pof-
fefTedy and which, in confeqaence
of a fabfeqoent condaA, he had in
m great meafure loft We have be-
fore feen, the oegleA and indiffer-
ence with which this nobleman had
been treated, by that adminiftrauoo^
which was generally fuppofed to
liave owed Its exiftence to him ; and
In con(e<)aence of which, and of
his finding chat the line of public
condud which he had laid down, was
broken through, and his opinion
continually over-ruled, he firft re-
iured from public bufinefs, and, upon
.an additional caufe of difguft, at
iengtk tota^y re6gned.

He now emerged from that re«
tirementf which was but ill fuitcd,
either so his habit of life or difpo-
£tion, and feemed, in fpice of infir-
Biity, to have recovered his former
vigoor and fpirit. The iocapaci-
cafing power afliimed by the Houfe
of Commons, was loudly and total-
ly condemned by bim, and the
whole management in the affair of
tho Middleiex eMtSoo, flrv^rely cen-
fnred. The cenfures upon this fub-
jcd, were not hovvevcr more hea-
yrhy placed, than ihofe whiph he
foon afterwards pafled, upon the
general condud, meafures and riews
of 'adminiftration, wliich he con-
demned in the ttrongeft terms ; and
has fince feakd his difapprobacion,
by a conftmnt and aii form oppofitton
to them. Such a defedion and oppo-
litioa, in the prcfcnt touering and
iti&joint^d ftaie of admMXiraiion^

9

feemed to <^rry a moft thrcai
afpe^ towards it: nor cooli
minitiry periiaps have fabfift
equal circomlUnceSj at aloM
otner period*

A motion was made feme
after (bv a noble Marquis
had lately prefided at the hi
public affairs) limilar to that
we have juft recited to have
the fcibjed of debate in the
houfe } the defign of which i
procure a daclaratory reibl
that the law of the land, ai
eftabliihed cuftoms of parlii
were the fole rule of determt
in all cafes of eledion.

Long debates enfued npo

queftion, in the courfe ot *

much of the (ame ground wa

over on both fides, which w

formerly fhcwn to have beea

upon this fubje^ ; and the i

was at length over-ruled by f

majority. The oppoTers i

queftion, having obumed thh

of their ftreneth, were refol

exert it to advaouge: and

the fiime principle, that pn

the amendment to the late i

in the other houfe, determi

pafs foch a refiUution* aa

preclude all further attempu

tame nature in this. A i

was accordingly made late at

That any relblution, dird

indlredly impeaching a jud

of the houfe of commons.

matter H'hcre their jurifdi^

competent, $nal, and coo<

would be a violation of the

tjicional right of the con

tends to maice a br^Ach betwt

two houfe* of parliament, an

to a general con fu Hon.

Ihe aftoniQimei.t exciti
the hardiiicfs that ventured '
meoii^cc of h eKiraordinai

HISTORY OF EUROPE. [67*

J, fttmtA tor a time ro mfaforb been >lfe exercifcd by the otker
be powen of oppofitipt). It apon critical occ«$oni, and for the

aid. that tbii motioa included purpolk of whicli> the legidacure

cadcr of tltair moft nndoabted, bid been divided low feparate

, ■cceflkry, and facred righti t braachei, that Ehcjr might ooerats

CMlcr a* tnJBfioui to the col- as mniual checlui and each tie re-

C body of the people, to their flrained from exorbitance bjr tbf

IcatvivM. and to the crown, interpafiiion of the oiben.

waa to:all)' fnbverfive of the That thedtfcontenu of t)i^ pcQ.

ntj nod dignii]F of thit hoafe. pie, which are alledged il a poiive

tke furrendEr of ri^hti and hr t^ia d|eafure, ^rife from the ia-

n, wbicb were not given for jnriet they hare received, and

own particnlar advaouge, but flusuld be the ffirongeft reafon to

ly n* a coaftiiuiional trull, to iodace the Peen, who are the be-

■crcifcd for the bcaeflt of the redftary eaardiani gf tl(eir righti,

Ic, and ibc prefervation of their to Ibew their conAant attention to

and libeniei, would be an aA their wel&re, by a timely interpo.

vacbery to the conBiintion. fltion in their (awouri t)ioi by tneir

It would be in effeA a de^la- healing mediation, to |p*ke up thf

I, ihsi if the H, of C. were unhappy differencpi between then f

r of the greateft exorbitanciei, and tneir rep^C ''"(*() re* > and re-

tD trample upon all the rigbti fiorp that hirmony and confidencf

c people, and to fubvcK the ivhicb are aMblntely neceflary fbr

B law of cleAion ; thaierenio the pnblic bappiaeff j^qd faJety.

a critical emergency of the Tb#t by thit rdblodon, they not

itoiion. the people are to de- only nrnfc to l^and by the people

of any relief wbatlbever, from at preient, and rcDotiacc the power

node of direA or indiiefi in- of doing it hereafter, even it they

■emem of the Lordi. That were to Aiffiir tl^e oiofi grieVoni in-

;b it i> generally true* that jnrict ; but they alb abdicate their

tr kM& onght -lightly and ancient and nnquedlpited province

vly to iatcrpofe, even an opi- and daiy of being the hceditary

■pen laaiTeri which the con- council of the crown, rendering

laa baa entrufled to the jurif- thentfelvM anable to give their ad-

n of the other, it it no left vice in a point, in which of all

(hat where, ^ndcr coloar of others, the crown may Aand rooft

iciat proceeding, either boufe ia need of the wifdoin tad anihori-

atci to itfelf the powers of the ty of that l^aufe. And that it wii

: legiOaturr, and makes the at derMatory to tlfeir dignity, as

wbicb it profeflei ip drdire, it wai contrary to ib«r daty and

chcr not only may, but ought infereS, to make fuch a iorrender

mn in own rights, and ihofe of thrir rigbti, wiihout at leafi the

r people. That by the prcfent holding of a previoui conferencn

ition, ihii conftitutional can- with the other; to difcDver whether

wntild be given up, which they wero inclined to admit a corre-

houle, at appeari by ancient fpondeni immunity from iDterp^fiti-

itodern prcccdenti, bad alwiyi on on their p^ini, in mitiert withii)

ed u>i CJierfiied] which had the jurifdiaioaoi the Peer*.

•63] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

Great objeflions were made, to
the time and manner of introduc-
ing and condudling this qaeftion.
That a rcTolution new in matter^
wide in extent, weighty ia intpor-
tance, involved in law and parlia-
mentary precedents, fbould be
moved at midnight, after they were
fpcnt with the fatigue of a former
long debate ; that an adjournment
of only two day 5, to enable the
Lords to confult the journals on fo
important a matter, ihould be re*
fuled ; and that an immediate dl-
vifion fhould be prcffed ; wcre^re-
prcfentcd as proceedings altogether
unparliamentary and unjull; by
which every polfibility of debate is
precluded, and all argument and
fair difcuHion fupprefled.

The principal (Irefs, in fupport
of the motion, was laid upon the
neceflity of prcferving a good un-
derilanding between the two houies.
This was inforced> by the licenti-
oufnefs of the people, and the fc-
ditious fpirit of the times. It was
faid that in the prefent circum-
llances, it particularly behoved all
the legiflature, to draw together in
the clolell manner ; as nothing lefs
than their molt cordial and inti-
mate union, could fupport legal
governmcni, and prcv»::u the mad-
nef^ of 'he people, from precipitat-
ing rhemlclves into a (lateofanaicny
and cun^ufion.

The right of interference was
called in queiUcn, or cienicd. It
was faid, ihat it was unutual and

irregular in cither hcuic ot parlia*

ment to examine into the ju

proceedings of the otlicr ; anc

as thefe decifions cannot be <

into queflion by appeal, the

to be fubmitted to without ar

amination el.'ewhere, of the

ciples on which they are feu

That in the prefent inflance,

an interference would be a

and mod alarming invafioo (

rights of the people, who ar

jealous of their privileges to

the Peers to meddle with t

and that as the Peers are not

allowed to loierpofe in the el

of a fingle reprefenutivc,

what colour of pretence car

aiTumc a power of fitting in

ment upon the whole body <

prefcntatives^ and prooouncii

the choice of every eledor i

kingdom ?

The qucftion being repe
and eagerly called for, an en
put to the debate by a divifioi
the motion carried by aboi
fame majority, that had rejeA
former. Theie two queUion
produdlive of two of the fit
and moll remarkable proted
we have met with, which wer
ed by forty- two Lords. In i
ot theie, the protelling Lords
themielves to the public, th:
will avail thentfelves, as fai
them lies, of every right and
power, with which the conft
has armed them, for the good
whok', in order to obtain t\i\
for the injured eledors of
Britain.

P^

tt^stORT OF EUROPE. [69»

CHAP. vm.

J»r ^AmlifytMg otWh ejlart •f- lit nvmai frtm intng fir ih
i»m ^ MtaiStrt v/ farliamtnt .* ifpcfiliva la it ; tit WMiau MUr-
L CimJiifl. ktfttJ tf fart »/iit lait rtvemut aa, fv imftfimg
ts im tbt alaaiti: Jttty uftii tt» nnlieatd. A9 f«r rtgaJatiag ibt
*Ji»gi M cMlmjirltd ehahiu. Lfiidaa nm'ojlrttmtt : grtmt dtbtatt i
Wj,,.hi,M.jtfy.

ITRING the fining of ^ ^amlifying the Inferior officers from
cosmiuec oa tlie flate of returning memben to fit [here.

tW Daiioot a mocioii Tlw danger ari6iig 5oin the infln-

I. wa* made to briDj; in ence, muft be the fame in both

a Bill) far difqaatifyiig cafe*. It wai declared, that the

t oCceri of the revenue ftoa notion wai not made to diltreri or

; for memben of parliament, weaken adrainiltraiioo i and thols

geuleaien, who fupported who now fapponed iti faid they

•orioot iet out by uewing would do the fame in t^ce u well

itU produce of the Cuflonii as one They faid, that, the great

Kife at the time of the revo- objeft of a minitler in this country,

, together with the litile was not fo much the procuring of

liUty that theo sppeared of the vbice within doors, as it was

dKng to the prel'ent enor- to gain the confidence and opinion

mount of fix millions ficr- of the people without ; thai he

to this they attributed the may fhuffle on for a little time by

ition of the ptriots of that the aid of a majority in his favour

ho, if they hid forereen the there ; but if the majority of the

liintioBal weight that mult people were againft him, he coold

sen thrown into the fcale, oa never obtain power, with pcrms-

; of the crowa, by the ap- nence and honour; he cou!d nei-

ent of officeo far the col- ther be rel'peftable abroad, nor

of 16 vaft arevenue, woald) ufeful at home. The prtipoTed

Itdly, have taken proper meafote would, therefore, inftcad

Icaoal meafnrcs to prevent of weakening adminiftration, give

igeioDs influence, which it it the moft effeAive Hrength ; and

FJrd, in the ele£t)0n of re- a majority in the tioule, would be a

uiv« lor ibc people. pledge of a majority in the nation : If

i> oUcrved, that the chief the miniller's mcafa res were good,

in (he colleAion of thelie iheywould mcecwithamofteffei^tual

1, had been difquaiified by fuppart; and if bad, no friend lo

irli-.ment from litiiagin the his country could wilh that they

4* Common); and that the were fupported at all. Noroiniiier,

me imSota held for dif- that prulelTe) to have the public
l^J 3 . goo*

«

♦yo] ANNUAL REGlSTEK, 1776.

good in view, eta pretend, con* TOting for a nenber to fit tiMr»
McBtly with fuch profefion» clut Many offices difqaalify for a feat
any meifure tending to prodace a in parliament ; yet arc ibefe officii
real reprefentation of the people, ibaght for with foch eameftodk
can impede his defigns ; therefore, that memberi frequently even ff
thofe who oppofe this motion* oot of parliament to obtain thca.
«nuft profefs to adopt mcafures. Can it then be pretended chat k k
ivhich a frte reprefentation vvoold vnjuft to feoarate th^ pofleffioB of a
not apprOire. fianchilh from the poflcffoaofa

(c was faid, that it became ab- plac^ f or, that a man who knov*
folutely nece(Iary to take fome ihgly and Volnntarily aoceou a t
sheafnres to quiet the minds of the pUce from which a franchife k
people ; that there was no doubt, leparated, has a right to complaia
but the proceedings of laft yt^» fbr not bringing hia franchife inta
which had caufed fo much uneafi- place along with hiih. That tha
ne(s throughout the nation, ware, influence of the crown, in the p«-
by this time, fofficiently iegretted fent inftance, was (o glaring, that
on both fidea of the hoofe ; and that it did not admit of a qoetioai
a mearnre that led to an equal re- that there could be no infloencc k
prefentatioo, was, in the prefent dangerous ; and that there wot {
drcomftancet, peculiarly calevlat- many boroughs in which the
ed to reftore quiet and ffood ha- oficers of the revenue had a vary
moor amDng the peo^e ; but great (hare in the eledioaa; aal
that, independent of trcry other it was too much to expeAj thai
confideration { the influence of the they wonld follow their frot Ofi-
crown upon the eledors in their nion, or their natural aScAksib
choice of reprefentatives, had the againft the will of a miniftcry oa
moft alarming and fatal tendency ; whom they were dependent kt
and that if Charles the Firft had their daily bread. Mcmbeia
had the fame power in his hands to eleded by cullom-houfe officerii
■lanage and govern the boroughs, are therefore the representatives df
he muft have fuccteded in his the minifter, not of the people |
defign of enHaving the nation. and are reprefentatives that will

Objedtions having been made to certainly adhere to the iatercif
the diifranchi6ng of fo great a and obey the inftru^tiona of thdr
numl>er of people, it wu anfwered* conftitnent.
that it would not be the taking On the other (ide> it waa fiddp
away of a franchife, it would only that the bill, which waa the objeft
be a fufpenfion of it : let him that of the prefent motion» was wholly
prefers his franchife to his place, nnneceflary. Ihat as tha law
quit his place, and his franchife Hands at prefent, no perioA ta tha
will return. Can it be pretended cuftoms, excife, or poft-ofice» en
that officers will not be found for intermeddle by perniafion or diCi
the cuUoms and excife, becanfe fuafion in the voting for rcpit»
fuch officers are deprived of the fentatives in parliament, ondar
franchife in quellion i The right very heavy penalties. The cmcliy
of fitting in parliament, is at va* of depriving fo great a number oif
laable a fraachife as the right of people of their franchiica, waa ex*

patiatfd

HISTORY OF EUROPE. [71*

mpoo I ditt it wu a notion was rtjeGtei by a very coa«
Aas itqaired great con« fiderable majority.
I, and that they were not We have feen laft year, that
for foch a motion ; that upon the grant made for the dif-
in its confeqaences to charge of the laree debt contraded
c liberty of the fubjed, by the civil lift etlabiifhnicnt, a
cku no roan coold tell where promife had been obtained from
hilla of dilqnalif cation night ftop. admioiftration* that as it was too
That bettdesy the motion iifelf late in the feflion to prepare the
fccBcd to be irregoUr ; prior re- papers and accounts then required
Uodoos llioald have been propo- for the inrpedion of the Uoufe*
fed ia the committee, to warrant relative to the expences of that
Ml a procecdiag, and to (hew its depanment, and the debts incui*
apedkiKyf in the nature of heads red by it, they (hould, however^
tf a Im11» fo at that the matter be prepared and ready to be laid.
and defign of it might hare been before it at the enfuing meeting.
fidly aadcrllood ; boc as it ftood at Some of thefe papers being now
frefimty the nodoo might perhaps before theHoufe, a motion
cnend lo officers in the armv and was made for an account of 28tlu
■avy; that no evidence had yet the civil liil expences,
kcB broaght of the nndne influence from the 5 th of January, 1769, to
if the crown; and that infinuations the 5 th of January, 1770.
lid proofs were to be confidered It was faid, in fupport of this
ai fierjr diierent matters. motion, that the civil lift revenue.
Tile debates upon this occafion^ if mifapplied, inftead of maintain-
as Jnd afoaUy been the cafe of late, ing the dignity of the crown, ferv.

carried on with great warmth, ed only to oefiege it with parafites ;

aid were branched out into a and in the place of promoting in-

Btnbcr of other fnbjeds. Thofe dulby, or aru, to fubvert the free-

diliagaiihed by the name of To- dom of the people. That though

fiet« or Coontiy Gentlemen* who the funds allotted for this puroote,

had bttn for icmie time regularly were fully adequate, not only to

engaged in fiipport of adniaiflra- every nccefiary, but to everv libe-

reproved for their oppo- ral expence, that was rcauifite to

to this bill, as inconfiftent fupport the dignity of the regal

with all their profeffions. it was charader: yet, neither the grear-

afimed^ that the party had for- nefs of the fund, nor the known

ncrlv brought i% and fnpported oeconomy of the prefent times,

a bill of a finilar tendency, if not were fufHcient to prevent an enor-

the rcrj famCt with that which mous debt from being contraded,

Atf worn oppofed. On their part, and the people from being applied

ihc^ reproached the Whigs with to for more money, at a time when

takiog foch oieafaret as tended to all the thinking men in the king-

pnblic conftifion* and that in dom were of opinion, that they had.

fapportii^ thu niniflry they fun- granted too much already.
porad govenimenc itielf : toe That neceflary expences, mud

DCiDg at length potf the have been much more coi^dcrable

[£]4 hi

*72l ANi^UAL REGISTER, 1776.

in the late rdgn, than at theprefcnt
time ; that ilic Royal Family was
til' n j:rovvn up, and confcquently
ficn.'iriJed lar"<T allowances: the
jcirncs to the coniinciit, however
»*\)*cdi'jnt, were Ircqucni, and at all
lini s txpofive ; and no body
would prcicMid to fay, that magni-
ficence u Jo IT t a< well underllooJ,
and rrrliaps bciter fupportej than
at prtfcnt; yet, the late King not
cnSy lived v^nth'n the limits of the
civ:l !::!, but left a fum of
;. 70,060 1. at his deceafe, which
rame to his prcfent Majefty, and
had been wholly favcd from that
rcvcr.uc.

That as the people are now li-
j.l le, fr.)m the laieiy cllabliihcd
prcccdt'i,:, to be called upon fir
every cccational deficiency in. the
riv.l lift, it was therefore nccelTarv
:o know the cxpenccs of the lall
year, and in wnat manner the public
money had been difpolcd. That
h was neither intended nor wifhed,
to limit the crown to a flipend in-
ndoquite to its real dignity and
;[;rtatner5. On the contrary, if it
;ippe.irs upon enquiry, that the

has been employed to deftroy tlie
happincfs of the people ; it was

their duty to remark with feverii/
upon fo fcandalous a niifapplica-
ticn, and to prevent it» if pofiblei
for the future. That if it has beei
properly difpofed of, there can be
no reafon to fear an enquiry into
the manner, if improperly, it be-
comes doubly a duty to make the
diiVovery, bccaufe the honour of
the crown is not only concern eci
but what is of Aiil greater im-
portance, the profperiiy of the na-
tion.

To this it was anfwered, th-t if
an application had been now made,
for an additional fum of money to
make good any deficiency in the
civil liil cilablifhment, an enqnir}'
into the caufes of it, would be nt-
tural and jufhfiable, and it would
be but reaionable. that the mini-
fter, in fuch a circumliance, (hoold
give fatisfa£lion as to the exccfSf
and fnew the reafons why the pro-
vifion was not fufficient ; but, that
until fuch a rcquifition u'as mzit%
it would be untimely, improper,
difreipeflful'to the crown, nnd un-
inoncy has been expended in the jud to enter into any examination

advar.ccment of ufeful arts, or t]>e
encouragement of liberal fciences ;
it it haj been given to relieve the
v.anti of tiic truly neccffitous, or
sp|.?lijd to rcw.ird the merits of the

of the royal rxpenccs. That a
certain fpecified fum of money is
allotted annually for the fnppoitnf
the civil lift, and that it is not
even pretended, that while the ex-

truly deUrvin;^, the promoters of pi*nccs are confined within 'he fti
the enquiry, will be the firit to ad- pulatcd fum, there can be themi-

inire and applaud, fuch n(>ble ads
nf beiuvi^lcncr. and real magnifi-
ceicv — Hut if', on the contrary,
\\ h s Ih-.ti !i;\iHicd upon the pro-
il i: has b:*cn fquandeicd
th^le { arricides, wno arc
K'.k;\:; the riiin of the unhappy
iij'.. irv, ulio.ti grnerofjty poured
\\ Wx\\\ fiT tiobier purpoJ\.s; if,
Vkhile rw'fulting from the virtues, it

f ;^.^-;

nuteil pretence for fcrutinizing the
dilburfcments. How then is it
known, that there has been the
fmallcll excefs in the courfe of the
pafl year ? how is it known, that a
fliilling of it has been improperly
applied? or how is it even known,
that there may not have been a
confiderable faving made in the
expenditures }

That

MiStORY OF EUROPE. [73*

t the argament bronght on
her fide, to prove the ce-
of in enquiry, bcciufe «
ram bad been voied Ull year
ily a deficiency, had quite a
nt effcA from what it wai
id for ; that is it had been
granted fredy, without any
y, it wai a proof of fuch
tnce in the Houfe, and of
iog c"Dvinced, as well that
emand wai reafonable, as
le moQcy would have been
ly applied, that it precluded
motive tbai could be arged
i enquiry at prelenc. 7'hat
now become the papular
of language, lo charge, or
lie, every ill to be the eficfl
rupiion, and to arraign the
plci, or call in quellion the
■.adtucy of the leprefenta-
but thatt however the
ing of thefe notions may
- the purpofes of party, or
rticular men, no perlb<i, in
ber tenfcs, could imagine,

he H of C 5 could

ilty of a perfidy to its con-
ts, or would wantonly Uvifli
thofe tresl'ures to Jeftroy,
are oo:orioulIy culleded to
tc, the bappinefs of the peo-

t upon the whole, as the
\& is entirely the revenue of
>i»n, the Ci-oivn hai a right to
: of it at will. If fiiture ap-
00s are made for additional
■3, the expenditure may tuen
mined with propriety. That
are nine years acciTJnli now
upon the table, ai^d the ac-
now demanded, even if
to be brought in, being
rily made Uj>, not for a
r C3V, but for an unufual
could QOt poflibly be ready

for iofpeOioii iliit felEoB' It wa«
therefore hoped that the motion
would be rejefted, and that all en-
quiriei into the civil lift expeacea
fhould be waved, till future aidi
were applied for.

The mioifter, who had beea
called upon to pledge himfelf, that
in his time, the expenditure of
the crown fliould not exceed in
income, refufed to engage abfo-
lutely ; but proroifed, that he
would advife the greatefi cecoDomjr
to be ufed in every department, and
that the difbaifemenii {hauld be fo
cautiouHy attended to, ai not to
exceed the ftated revenue, except
where the utility of the excefi
would be fo evident, as to make it
certain of approbation. Thii
motion of oppofition had the tatc
of the reft.

Nothing had yet been done in
the atFairi of the coloDies; but a
petition having been now prrfented
by the American merchanti, felling
forth the great lofTes they fuftained,
and the latal effcAs of the late
law), which, for the purpofe pf
railing a revenue in the coloniei,
had impofed duties upon gtxidi
exported from Great Bri-
tain thither ; the miniftry March 5,
thojght it proper to bring
in a bill, for tlie repeal of lb
much of the lace afl, pafTed ia
the feventh of his prefeni Majefty,
ai related to the impofing o! a
duty on paper, painters colours,
and glafs ; the tax upon tea, which
»ns laid on by the fame aft, being
kiU to be conii'.ued.

'I'iie motives ain;;rcd for the
bringing in of thi* bill, were the
ditn;L-M>uj combinaiio;is whici)
iheff duties hjd given birth to
beyond the Athniit, and the dif-
fatisfafiioii they had created at
home.

►74l ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

Kone, Anong the merchants who
trtded to the colonies ; which made
this matter an objeO of the mod
ferious confideration. It was re-
markable, npon this occaGon, that'
the minifter condemned thefe da-
ties in the grofs, and the law by
which they were founded, as fo
■bfurd and prepofteroas, that it
mud aftonilh every reafonable man«
how they could have originated in
a Bricifh legiflature ; yet» notwith-
landing this decifive fentence,
propofed a repeal of bot a part of
the law, had ftill continued the
duty Qpon tea ; left they fliould be
thought to give way to the A me*
ricaii ideas, and to take away the
Impofitions, as having been con-
trary to the rights of the colonies.

On the other fide, it was moved
to amend the motion, and that the
9€tt which laid on thefe duties,
Oiould be totally repealed. To
this it was ohjetled, that the colo-
nies, inftead of deferving addi-
tional inftances of tendernefs, did
Bot dtfervt the inftancethen (hewn.
lor their refolotions became more
violent than ever ; that their aiTo-
ctations, killead of fupplicating,
proceeded to di£late, and grew at
lad to fuch a height of temerity,
that adminiftration could not, for
its own credit, go as far as it might
incline, to gratify their expert!-
•ns } that was the tax ander con-
fideration to be wholly aboliOied,
it would not either excite their
gratitude or re-eiUbliOi their tran-
quillity } they would fet the abo-
lition to the account, not of the
goodncfs, but of the fears of
government, and upon a fuppo-
tition that we were to be ternhed
into any conceilion« they would

make frefli demandt* mod rife
their torbolencc, laiMd of
ing to their datii.
faul experience, hat proved dil
to be their difpofition. WerepcaU
the ftamp-ad to comply with thor
defines ; and what hat bacn dtt
confequence? Hai die repcd
taught them obedience i bat 09
lenity infpired them with aMde*
ration On the contrary, thtf
very lenity, has cncoaraged thca
to ififult our authority, lo difpeis
oar rights, and to aim at iadt-
pendent government.

Can it then be proper, in fad
circomftances, while they deny urn
legal power to tax them, to ac-
quiefce in the argument of ille-
gality, and by the repeal of tk
whole law. to give ap that power?
Thus, to betray ourfelves. Mt of
compliment to them, and throegh
a wi(h of rendering more tiMa
judice to America, refign the coa-
trouling fupremacy of England.^
By no means ; the propereS tiaieio
exert our right of taxation, iit
when the right is refufed. To tem-
porize is to yield, and the nathoritjf
of the mother-country, if it is now
anfupported, will, in reality, be
relinqoid)ed for ever.

It was faid. that there

great drefs laid« both within^nd
without doors, ujpon the aovaa-
tages of our traffick with America.
and that the lead intermptioi of
the codomary intercoorfe. was held
np in the mod terrifying cokxirt to
the kingdom ; but that there were
the bed reafons to believe, that the
aflbciations not to buy BritUh
goods, would fpeedily dcdroy them-
lei vet; for the Americans, to
didrefs us, would not long per-

feTert

hlSTORt OF feUROPE. l,f

a injnring tbtinfelTM ; thcT fioD. The mloifter obferredi tlut

adj Wfry ol giving an id- the tuct were ■bfurd— How ciHW

price fcr the cotnmoditiet he to Aipport the BdmiDiftrmtttMi
t obliged to parchafe ; and that inpoled them f How oime W
I the urdlhipsi undet- which not to hare difcorercd thi* abfiv
J their commerce gioanit dity earlier? All the world kid
1 obvioully their iniereft not been fenfible of ili and the rrpoi
imeoce manDfaftareri. It of the afl bad been frctjuently pro-
owed to be traC) that our poled. That repeal wai rthfei,

to America had fallen very as tbcy were rclblred not to relax

Flaie ) and that in thC year in Favour of America, whilft Aiiie>

theyexcecded t bore of 1^69. Hca denied the right. Hii Ane-

prodtgiouilmn of 744,000!. rica acknowledged it f Have ilwf

nounting in the tormer to yet departed from their combiM-

MO 1. and in the latter, only lion ! The mioiAen (fiid they)

;4iOOJl. but ibii sreat dif- condenn the coDCeffioai of ifacir

ran wai accooDied for, by prcdrccllbn j yet they begin tbea*

ig. that the non-imporu fclves by cooceffion; with thb only

lich enfaed, being then fore- difference, that thein ti withost

r the importeri, they pre- gracet benignity, or policy; ami

ibr it, by laying in a double that they yield after a vcKatioaa

y of goods. ftruggte. Ihai every reftfbn given

0 the particular duty 10 be fpr the repeat of a part of ihit aS.
icd upon tea, it wa* faid, ntuR extend, not only with e<}iwl,
e Americana had 00 rcaroii but with greater Titrce to the whole.

1 fault ; becaufe whrn thai That the only caufe affigned for
d, another wai taken olT, not repealing the whole, wai to
obliged them to pay near a preferve the preamble, becanfe h

in the pound upon an ave* inaiDtaini the right of tajcing the

irbertai the prelcnt only iiii- Americans ; an argument totally

ttiTpe-penee ; therefore, ai futile and ridiculous, as there ut

a in thit article feeli an effe two pofoive laws drclaratory of

■pence per pound, flie can- that right, and there are sianf

ipcrly acryle o( of oppref' Other taxei at thi* moinent exift>

pecially at every feSoa has ing. in e^tcrcife of the right, lb

b.en produflive of material that as the mifchiefs occaHoncd

ages to her. cither in boon- by the »A in qucflion, have at

ee-pori), or other confidcr- length been acknowledged by the

duigencei. other Cde, no ablurdity can be

.he other fidr, many of the more elaring, than their pretence

I argumems v-hich we have for making only a partial repeal.
ly given upon thi* fubjeJl, Thai a parnal repeal, inltead of

to the right and the expe- producing any benefit to the mo-

of oar levying laxei, were iher-couniry, will be « real griev-

epeated, and the whole pro- ance ( a certain expence to our-

•i with regard 10 America fclvei, ai well s< a lource of perpc

eiterated, and became the tual difcontent to the colonirv By

ol the Icreiell aBimadvcr* continuing ilie tr.'fl-"s zax tipon

tea,

Vl ANKUAL REGlSTEft, 1770.

1

tea, while we take off the duties
Upon painters colours, paper and
glafs, we keep up the whole eila-
hliihinent of the cuilom-houfes in
America, with their long hydra-
headed trains of dependant.s and
yet cut off the very channels through
which 'their voracious appetites are
to be glutted. In fad, the tea duty
will by no means anfwer the charge
of colledling it, and the deficiencies
mud naturally be made up out of
the cof{ers of this country, fo that
this tvife meafure of a partial re-
peal is to plunder ourfelves, while
It opprefTes our fcl'.ow-fubjediS, and
all for the mere purpofe of prt Serv-
ing a paltry preamble, which is Ut-
terly ufclefs and unnecefTiryi

That Parliament had plighted its
faith to the Ball India company, to
remove the duty of 25 per cent, from
teas» in order that the company
might be enabled to fell them upon
terms equally ]o\t with the Ducch,
whofe moderation in price con-
flan tly obtained a preference at
every market. That the 25 per
cent, was indctd taken off accord-
ingly, but what was done with one
hand was undone by the other; a
frefh duty was Uid en ihc commo-
dity, and laid in fuch a manner,
that it iiiufl operate as an ahfolute
prohibition to the (ale of thjir teas
through every -^art of the cxlcnfive
continent of Englilh America,whcrc
ihcy were before in general edima-
tion. That as a proof of this af-
fcrtion, the teas fent to America in
the year I7<^S, amounted to no Icfs
than 132,000!. whereas in 1769,
thev ;;:nountrd to no more thiin
44,000!. and probably this year,
th.y v%ill not cxctcc! & cjuarter of
th it fum, as the proceedings here
are hourly becoming more and
more rcpug'^ant 10 the mind^ of

the colonies, and as agreement!
have been lately entered into fot
the abfolute difui'e of that article.
In juilice therefore to the Eaft-io-
dia company, who have fo confi-
derable a (lake in the national wel-
fare, and pay fo liberally to the
fupport of government, the promise
made to them ought to be di(*
charged with the moll ponfluol
Hdelicy-^that a difcontlnuance of
the 25 percent, on their teas was not
a dilcnarge of that promift; ; it wai
or.ly to be dil'chargcd by i-na;>]iDg
them to fell upon terms as reat'on-
able as the Dutch.

It was added > that as it feemed
probable that a rupture between
England and her old enemies, was
at no great diftance, it wquld be
afling wifely in adminillratijn, to
reconcile our domedic dtvilioas,
and to regain the confidence of our
colonies, before fuch :in eV^nt took
place. That at the fame rime that
the 2^ in quellion was diametri-
cally repugn«int to all the prin*
ciples of commerce> there was not
tne Imalled plea of utility to be
urged in its defence; that even up-
on the principle of a fpendthrift,
if immediate profit was only to be
confidvred, and all other confe-
quences laid by, it had not that
lord i J recommendation ; its whole
produce, in its utmofl extent, not
exceeding 16,000]. a year, which
was no more than fufScienr to bear
the expenccs that attended it. Let
us then difmifs this pitiful fremmhlt
tax, and make the repeal total,
unlefs the miniders would convince
us, that a proviiion for their new
cudom-houfe inilrument!), beyond
the Atlantic, is the ocly motive for
this ihamclefs pro fu lion of the pub-
lic treafurc.

Such were fomeofthe arguments

upon

IISTORY OF EUROPE. [77*

iiereSIiig qmSftton ; and tbt better enabled to jaclge of it>

irkable upon thii occa- niilicy.

evera] geatlemen in of- Formerly, it wu allvdsnl tbat

I the motion, even u it tbe triaU of contefted cleftioni had

lood. I'lic rearoni given been alwayi bf a fclefi committee,

duSt were chicRy ihefe ; chiefly compofedof the moft InrD-

cyon the pan of psr- cd and experienced of the houfe ;

e general obllinacy of and whilfi tbii cuUom coolinued,

:aiM, and the violence! the Uiigaot parties, ^nd tbe naiio^

in dilTerent parts of that at large, were generally well fatia-

par^icubrly at Bolton, fied with the decifions; bnt by dci'

in for the amendment grcei the committers of elcaioni

it WIS rejefted by a having been enlarged, and all who

s majority, thtr Dumberi came baving rmcei, a Aamefat

to 1^1 ; the original partiality prevailed, fo that for «

afterwardi carried with- remedy, dnrin'g the lilne that Mr^

>n. Onflow wat fpeaker, the adminblf

idH of thia feafon ofbeat order with which he condoCled btt-

on, which in a greater finefi, indeed foch ai wiflied for 4

egree tras extended to candid trial, to be heard at the bar

of the kingdom, a bill ofthehoofe.

tcft bene£t to the con- This methnd oF determining

nd importance 10 the concelled elefiionj, wai, Iwweverj

nation, wa> broDgh: into found to be very defeflive, aoj

the Houfe of Coomoni, faulty in numberlcfs inAancei,

fmeinber of the oppo- which was principally owing 10 ike

though chiefly con> extraordinary number of the JudgOf

;hole adverfe to adoiini- there not being fo nomeroiii aju-

rt was alfo received by dlcature in the uorld; and ihefe

had always fupported not being bound by any lie, cither

, and therefore happily by tbe giving of their oath, or their

a law. This bill wai hononr, to prevent any ftciet biat

f jf3 Jar regiilaliag tht from operating on them, were led

1/ tki ^ouft tfCfrnmeni, by frirndlhip or party (lonneftion,

tid tltSiens, and is ge> contrary to the rulci of equity and

>wn by the name of ihe right, and to the making of the

3111, from the late Mr. moft partial decifions. Such an

-enville, who brought it unlimiied difcrecionary power mult

Hife. The miniller op- always be fubjca to numberlefa

bill, with fome other abulcs ; but in this particular io-

0 nfed to be very pre~ flmce, the greatntit of the number

thii infiance, howutrer, give a fanflion to partiality and

nf;3ccefstul. injullice ; fcr they not only kept

>e proper to lay before one another in coontcnance, but

, a few of the caufes that the crime was fuppofed to be di-

rd fur the bringing in, viJed into fo many ftiarrs, that

(4f it necclFary to pafi while they were enccurxgcd by tha

, b^ wbicb they will be force of example to opfofe tbe

•78] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

^BO^e of their convi^ion, they look- was any occafion for fnch m nectfc

ed upon their injnitice to be dimi- fitv. To all which may %ddc4

niflled in proportion to their num- that as it it always fappolcd that i

berip and each at length thoueht xninifter caii:KX fublift in this com-

bis ibare of the guilt to be fo in- try without a majority to fapport

confiderable, as fcarcely to coll him him in parliament, fo in every cafe

a reflexion. of contcllcd election (and fucb caAi

By this means, the faflprages of might be muliiplied in any dcgici

the people were wantonly iported that was thought proper) the le-

with» and their moft important and prefentation mud finally come iom

fapred birth-right, that of chuGng his hands ; and inflead of the aca-

(heir reprefentativcs, violated with bars being returned by the fm

impuoiiy, and without a pnoflibiliiy voice of the people, they wunldbf

of redrefs. At the fame time, the eventually appointed by admiai-

method oftryin? thefe queftions at llration,

the bar, made tnem an infuperabk The plan of this bil| was eiccU

obllrudion to all other publjc bu* lent, and was laid dqvD upon tha

finefbi an^l ^fpecif^Uy iu the firil conftitutional idea of (ri»ls by jury.

{c&on of a new parliament, they Upon a petition being prefeotdL

took up fj much time, that it was anJ a day appointed co h^ar tkt

almoll a matter of furpiize how the merits, and for the p^titloncria

houfe could attend to any thing witneiTes, and council to attend^

elfe. Nor could any thing be more the hopfe on tlut day it to be omni*

irkfome to the members in gene* ed i and if one hundred meiiibcii

lal, than this mode of decifion m are not prefent, it is to adjourn on*

cleQion matters, as they were con- til fo miMiy ar^ nflembled. at which

tlnually teized by applications from time the names of the membcrt it

the contending parties fur their at- the houfe are tn be put into is

tendance ; and though their attend- boxes or glafTes, to be drawn al-

ance was all that was avowedly re- ternately, and read by the fpeakeff

quired, the application tacitly in- till forty, nine are drawn ; the fit-

eluded a requifition of tl^eir vote ting members and petitioner! may

and inteieft ; fo that whatever par^ a)fp nominate one each. Lifts of

they took, even though they ab- th^e forty-nine are then to be given

feoted themfelvcs and g^ve no opi- to thp fitting member, the peti-

iiion, which was generally done tionfcrs, their cou()Cfl, agents, &&

«^ hen there was no immediate cont who, ^ith the jclfrk, are to with*

nexion, liill it wa.> a fource of dif- draw, and to ftrijce off onp alter*

like, if not of enmity: befides, nately, beginning on the part of the

though cullom and example h^d petitioners, till th^ oprober be re*

jjiven a fanflion to the ailing cpn- duced to thirteen | w)io, with the

iiary to cutivi^irm, and it was bp* two nominees, jirp to be fworn %

come fo^tr.c^ral, that there was frc* felcA committee, to deternioe the

quently a kind of real neceflity for matter in difpute. This feledl con*

going along with a ]>articular party mittee is impowercd to fend lior

or connexicm in opinion, the mind perfons, pupeis, and records ; to

mall, notwithllaniling, frequently examine icitncfles, ao^ to deter^

revolt at it. aiul f egret that there mine finely : and the ^ovfe there-
upon

HISTORY OF EUROPE, t?^*

M GMtfinn or alter the re- H— — of C— — i. than mt^oot a
' Uie ■ Mw writ far • new legd Prince npoa the throne. That
repreftoutivc* of the people are
rent whick took place a few enential to the making of lawtt
STf ai it renewed all the and there it a time, when it la
I debate within doors, To it morally demonHrable that una
e«r Ibrcc to the ill heiKMir ceafe to be reprerenutirct. That
content mthont. and ^- time i> now arrived, the pfcfent

leneral fabjcft oTdiTcuffion H of C ■ do not reprefett

«t the kiflgdoa. Thii the people.

•ddrcii, rcmonftrance, and It wa» faid, in the anfwer, which
of the livery and corpora- hai been deemed by fome to have
he city of London, in com- been uncommonly harlh, that tht
1 aCenbled, to the King; content! of the remonftrance could

for the diflblniion of par- not bat be confidered, ai difre-

and the removal of evil fpeftfat to MajeSy, Jnjurioas to
I. A piece at remarkable the parliament, and irreconcile-
iccdoa and boIdne& of the able tu tbe "principles of the COn>
iti which it conrcyed, as flitjtion. The remonllraace wat
extraordinary termi in delivered by the Lord Mayor, who
:hey wrre cxprcflEd; and wat attended by the flirrifli tnd
lid like, ia it* conlcquen- other ciiy officer) in their tbrma-
»ve been prodnflireof the litiet, together with a few of tha
leatt aad perhaps danger- aldermen, and a great body of tha
hres. common council ; the cavalcade of

g other paBagei in ih^i coaches being attended by a pn>>
aacTt it wai a&rted, that digioui concoorfe of people to

jndgc rcmoveable at the St. Jamef'i, whofe Ihouti of ap-
of the crown, had been probation nearly fiiook the adjnia-
. from hit high office, for ing ftreeti; a circum'Sancc that did
g in p:irliament the lawg not; IflTen the indignation and Bni>

fonltitution. That under moliiy of thole, who being iho«

! fecrct and malign influ- roughly fatisfied with the meafares

»hich through each foe- of government thsrafeivcj, confi-

dainiflration had defeated derej the whale proceeding, ai the

iod> and fuggcAed every efftci of fafllan, rioi, and licea-

ntioo, the majority of the liourneri.

of C— ^s, had deprived A motion wat made on tbe fol>

•le of their deaieft righu. lowing day, for an addrei'<, that a

■ dediion on the Middlf. copy of the remo^i-

oo, tvai a deed more rui- jlrantre. as well a> of Match Ij.

u eoDfequences, than the hit M^jefty'i anf«er.

if ihip jqoney by Charlei thodJ be laid before the hoof;.

, or the difpenfi;)g power Thii motion n-ai vigoioufty oppo-

by James the Second. A hi. The debate was lon^' and vio-

lich mull vitiate all tSe Ifnr, and Itrong thre.iti were made

igsofthid ? t ; f.irtlie uf* i.fon one fiJc, and a* daiinjty

le Irg:l1ature itfdf can ;io urged ;□ tk? exe^utinu by tlis other.

' valid withoHt a '.rgal Upon ibii occalioa, the late Mr.

B«^Vid,

»8o] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

Beckford^ who was then lord mayor,
avowed the part which he hi^d
taken in the remonllrancc» which
he not only juiUHcd, but (eemcd to
glory in. He faid, it was he«
who put the qucilion in the court
of common-council^ and cummbn-
hall, anvi, though he had authority
to put a negative upon the court of
aldermen » in that cafe he would
not d'j it : He was the great ciimi-
naly he faid, and flood forth from
the reft ; the P t wis charged
with corruption, the rcmonilrance
faid (o, t\\2 fadl was now to be
proved, and he w^s ready to abide
the ifl'ue. llevvas feconded by th^
fherifFs» and one of the city mem-
bers, who jalHfied the rcmon-
llraace, and ackno'.vled[;..'d the
(hare they had in it ; faid, that
though they were the peiTons i-^oit
immediately interelled in any cen-
i'ure that might be palTed u^)on it,
they did not want to fhtltcr them-
felves in concealment ; they were
ready and willing to enter into the
merits of the remoKilrancc, ciiiior
then, or at any other ti:ne ; a::J
were no hfs fatisficd with regard to
thcjullice, thin tiie expediency of
the meafure.

Many other gentlemen, who op-
pofed the moiiun, went upon dir-
Icrcnc ground, and I'evcral of the
moft moderate in oppolition, who
thought the principles right upcn
which the remonllr.ince was found-
ed, highly difapprovcd of the terms
in wliich it was conveyed, it was
faid, thit the Houfe of Conirnons,
b.'ing accuicd in the remonP^rance,
the motion tendid to put the
criminal in iiie place of the judge.
That i: was irregular to call for the
remonllrance, vviihout callinj*, for
the petitions, the neglect of v\hich
gave rife to it. That the hjufc was

not competent in the cafe, btcade
it had no power but what it de*
rived from its ccnliituents.

The injuflice of cenfuriag any
part of the people, for the excr«
cife of a r:ght, in which they aie
warranted by rhe con(litutioB|
which is fjpported by the diAitn
of reafon, the authoiiry of prece*
dc:its, and the pofirivc dechracioa
of our laws, wjs largely cnterej
upon. Our fo!o coniidcraiion, ii
f::;ip!y, whether the people have or
have [i')t a right to pctiiiun ; whe-
ther they arc, or arc not Icrgally
authoii/.cd to lay their grievancet
before the throne, wherever they
imigi^c themfclvcs opprefTed; and
whciiKr all prolccucions nt law, for
the c;:L'rci:"c of this privilejs, ii
not exprefalv proMbiifd, in thai
pril!di.:Ti of public liberty, the
Bill ofRighis.

AmoiV.j the r.ianv blcfEns^s arif-
v\:\ to til J kingdom from the revo-
luno.^, the priv'i'L-ge of complaining
to thcihronc, afTcited, net acquired
at thoi time, wi'.iiout the dagger of
pu.i:n't.nont, is o.;c of the noblci);
the pe-^ple in litis refped are the
fole jnvlj;cs of the neceflity for pe-
titioning.— !t is as much a part cf
tiicir right, u:> it is a part of the
ro.al pr*.; jgaii'.c to alfs-'mble Par-
li^nient.s,- or tj txerciie any oihcr
pov^vrwa; ranted by thi- conliitutiotu
Ai this h truly the cafe, with whit
flMviow of pjopri-ty, wiih what
ci'/iujr of rcaio::, doue arrogate a
liocrty of fxamii.ip^ their proceed-
ing) ? with \J.:;c Cf'jnicnance do we
fiv in thf face <^f the laws, and con-
fuicntly allcit that they fh ill be pu«
nifhcd, for \vhat the l.uvs peremp*
torily djjhrc, that they flial! not
cve:t U'lJiTgv) a pivfccution ? Even
aJn-.'iiii'. [I, Oil ti:j pre lent qucAion^
thut the rcsplchavt b.tn uiiilakeni

that

HISTORY OF EUROPE. [8i*

ey hsve erred, diat than violated in the Middlerex eleftion.

Bftlhf Qo 2ri**iDcei to com- i) to be fupported in all its confe-
'', and that the manaer of qiieneei, and carried to its utmoft

nonftrance ii as difrer^eA- extent. The fame fpirii, wbicli

the matter or it ij nnjul)| violated the freedom of eleAton,

the law) pofitively pro- now iDTadei the declaration and

ibdr right of petittoomg, bill of right), and threaten) to pn-

:ir exemption from confe- nifli the labjefl for exercifing a pri-

irofecution, we are preclud- vtlege, hitherto undtfputed, of peti'

B every eaqairy Into their tioning ihe crown. The grievancea

. They may be indifcreett of the people are aggravated by in-

ajr be varoi, they may be fult) ; their complaint) n(?l merel/

at ; bat let u) not be raih, difregarded, but checked by autho-

intable, and aibilrary. Let rity ; and eiery one of th'jfe a£ta

while we are fo nicely at- againS which they remonftrated,

m the error) of others, m(b confirmed in the final refort, by k

Ipable illegalities ourfelves. decifive approbation. In fuch cir-

ver ii great — but the power cumftancc), wh:ii are they to do f or

awa is moch greater. rather, what is not to be dreaded

ty were to credit report ; and from their derperation }

id nothing elfe now before The inexpediency, and perbapt

r any part of the proceeding, danger, of Aill increallng the pub-

ferto the remonftrance, from lie ill-humour and difcontent, by

)ne, did not lb much con- talcing violent mfafures agaitilt fo

ay indecency in the remon- ^efpeAiMe a body, at ihe corpora-

as it feemed to flrike at the tion and ciiizeni of London, waa

'petitioning itfelf, and (up- particnUrly inlifled upon; and tba

tat the granting fuch peciii- apprehended confequencei, painted

aid be ruinoui to the con- in thi: ll rouge ft colours. It was laid,

I ; which went not to the th.it great city, hnd upon numbtr-

bat to the fubftance oT all Ici'soccafions, and in the moll try-

itioos;thi)evidcntlyleft the ing circomHancei, proved hcrfclf

without any hope of redrefs ; the true friend to freedom ; the un->

feqaenily the right ofpeti- daunted fupponcr ot jufiicc, and

for a diflblution of Pariia- the invincible champion of our glo-

recognized by the houfe, rinu) conftitution. — A meafurc of

I in effect a dead letter. this nature would at any lime he ex<

I obferved, that one of the tremely injudicious ; out in a period

snors of Jamci the Second's like the prefent, wa^ big with s

was hi) punilhment of the ihoufaiid danger). The metrnofilis

lilhops for petitioning.— is compofed of the wc.-ilihieA citi-

canfc) mall aKvav) produce zcni in the Britilh liominiuns ijictr

elfcSi-— The people may nomberisgreat, thtiriniliiencepro-

jry and op predion far along digious, and their prnccedinff^ are.

int they will prefer annihi- in general, ihe rules of action for

ichain*. The prefent mea- all the in terlnr corporations in the

;w, that the principle upon kingdom. To brand them ihcre-

le righii of the people wcte fore at any umewiih a mark of ob-

XIll. [/] loijuy,

•W] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770,

loquy» would he to reader an exten-
iive (bare, of the people dilTatisfied*
cither with the equity or moderttion
of government.— It is to make that
very part of the comm unity > to
which in the hour of public exi-
gence we fly for afnilance. from
which we fupplicate our loans, and
obtain the elTential finews of political
firengchy our declared and confirmed
enemies ; and out of a blind refent-
ment to them, to commie a manifell

matter^ the moft vinleat IiIm

the crownj or the coafli

might be covered by the i{

name of petition ; while M

under that pretence, was lii

he hourly infulted, and obli

fubmit to the moft groandlei

fures, and to fuffer the moA

ful reproaches. That uod

licence oar foreign foet, or o

meiiic enemies, may at an

ftir up a multitude to com|

grievances that never cxift

to make requifitions of th

outrage upon ourfelves.

This would at any time be the

confequence of offendiog the city of extraordinary, or moft dai

London: but in the prefent cafe, tendency. That they may!

the evils are infinitely more compli- befeech the Prince to abdica

caicd and alarming. To cenfure the pray that he may he gr

citizens, for what nine- tenths of the pleafed, to transfer hit la

whole empire confider as an a£t of the expelled family ; or if tl

the moil exalted virtue, is to rouze reign fhould happen to cat

the indignation of every honed fub*

}c€t in the Britiih empire. It is to

aggravate the fury of a difcontent,

already too pregnant with danger,

and to open a fcene of horror, that

will not clofe perhaps, but on the

total overthrow of the conftitution.

How then is it poffible, that while

the minds of the people are agitated

almoft to madnefs, any gentlemen

can perfevere in a continued fuccef*

Aon of inflammatory meafurcs, and

hourly pour oil on the flame of that

difcord, which already blazes but too

iercely in this unfortunate country.
It was faid on the o:her fide, tl:at

though the right of petitioning was

undoubted ; law, reaion, and ne-

ceffity required, that the petitioners

fiiould be under the reltri£Uon of mi nation of the laws ; anc

certain falutary limitations ; that count of its form, to be

thev (hould be influenced by truth,

ana guided by decency ; that the

matter of the petitions (hould be

real, and the manner refpe^fal to

the (bvereign. That without thcfe

reILri£tions, the moft treafimablt

prejudices, and thereby at
coniiderable fliare of pop
they may perhaps wiih, in tk
long vehemence of their :
fee him feated on an a
throne ; and in a conftitatv
monilrance, like the prefei
of debate, patrioucally del
not only to diflbive, but i
hilate his Parliaments.

Tims our conftitution
totally deilroyed, becaufe
no law to puniih, no aut]
reflrain, and no power whs
withholding the licentiov
petitioners ; yet fuch mail
confequences in a (late li
if every thing in the form
tition was fanAificd from

as a conftitutioual aSt of pr
it was faid that moden
been much talked of, an<
mended ; but that the ni
indignities which the hoa
late experienced, prooeei

^

HtSTORT OF EUROPE. [S^*

A of lenity and nodenition ; were a Hou&, tbcy rnnft prors

JUaf'i Owy would not ponifh, themrelvei refpcdable ; iTtliey wer«

imim of order fupppfed that not, tbey had no nghctodeliberste;

■fcd noti bcBce in propor- their aflembling mull have b.'in U-

Icnity on the one banili li- legal. That oioch had be«n faid

ibela grew aadacioui on the about the danger of irritating tho

That they were hourly people; but Ihefe gentlemen did
ID the pablic prinig, which noi recollect, that the people of
1/ trembled at the bare ap- Engiand were sii prefenc comprized
fionof their refentmenc, and wiihin them walli, and oncil their
ib teemed with the groflcll le^al dillblution, could have no real
n their determi nations. Thut exiltence ai a body any where with-
1 wai at length rendered fo out them : that the nation- had
ecu, that the Livery of chofen them as in agenti for a term
Bi with the chief magiArate ofyeari; that during that term they
r head, had now the teme- were virtually the nation. If they
KK only to folicit their dif- betrayed their truA, or proved un-
it but to declare in direfl worthy of farther cotiiidence, ths
e term, thit they are not the people may difcar J them indig-
aiaiivei of the people — That nantiy at the expiration of tho
ttioB in fuch circumllanceg term; but while they fat there.
It of the queition : that in they were bound by and aniwerable
of infinitely more danger for their aft).

K prelcnt, inHcad of fuppof- That with regard to what had

at the maintenance of it* been thrown out about the leven

gniiy wa» a dangeroji mca- fiiAiops injamet the Second's reign;

ut Houle looked upon a fpi- the cafe wai not at all applicable :

mnion of itt authority, to Their petition was entirely upon (he

only the mod noble, but the point of religion, was couched in

ilitic conduA it could purfue. terms the rooft refpeftful to the

if they fubmit to the prefent throne, and delivered with as much

infiilt, and Crouch under an privacy as pofliblc to the fove reign.

: of fo dangeroui a nature. Whereas the rcmooHrance in quef-

y their oinn dignity will be tion, denies the authority of parlia-

ffld : but the conilitutiondc- ment, infults the throne, and it

. the whole body of the peo- delivered with all the circumftancea

irived at once of their repre- of tumultuous pariilc, that can be

et, and every aAuhich has calculated to terrify the minds of

iffed fincc the time of c lee- the penceable, and inflame the paf-

lAbe utterly with ut force, fions of every milguided member of

the fole tjuellion now was, the community.

rthcy were a parliament, or After long debalei, the mrti'oa

they were, what lime could was carried by a majority, of con-

particularly nccciV^iry to fiderably mere than two to one.

eir au;hotity, as ilic prcfen:. The papers being laid before ths

r.e Livery of London had HDufe, and the journals and other

\xy dtdared at the throne records examined, freih debates

<.-T were cot. That if they aiofe upon a motion being madq

84] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

Great indignarion was
in theaddrcit, at theci^tei
reroonftrance^ which tras
with being exprefled in tei
trary co that eratefol and :
ate refpefl due to hit ]
with afperiing and calo
one of ike branches of thi
tare, and exprefly denyin
gality of the prefent Pai
and the validity of its procc
The prefenting of pet
the throne was aflerted to I
at all times an undoubted ri
free enjoyment of which w
ed at the revolution and <
fince ; and it was with the
concern^ that the exercife
portant and valuable a ri
now feen fo grofly pervc
being applied to the pur
of prefervingy but of oyi
the conilitution ; and of f
ing doArines, which, if |
adopted, mull be faul to i
of the kingdom, and whic
the fubverfion of all lawful
ty. Thanks were returoe
anfwer made to the remc
which was reprefented as
prcof of a determined peHi
m adhering to the princip
conftitution. Some cenfu
thrown out, againft the
fuggellions of ill-defignii
and the unjullifiable exce
few mifguided perfons, «
in this iiillance feduced fi
duty ; and the confidence
the people in general,
plaudcd and juRificd.

for an addreft to his Majefly, and
another for the concurrence of the
Houfe of Lords to the addrefs.
Thefe motions met with great op-
pofition, and very long debates en-
fued. The legality of petitioning
for a difTolution of Parliament was
much difcuiTed, and it was infifted,
that it could not be illegal, to re-
commend the doing of a legal a6l.

The cenfure contained in this
addrefs, they alledged was confor-
mable neither to the equity nor dig-
nity of Parliament; not conform-
able to eouity, becaufe no body of
men could be competent to pafs a
cenfure on thofe who accufed them ;
and that if thofe who prefented the
remonilrance were not puniihable at
common law, they were not crimi-
nal, and if not criminal ought not
to be cenfured : the addrefs wa5 not
conformable to the dignity of Par-
liament, becaufe it imputed an hea-
vy crime, and propofed no fort of
punifhment ; which was to (hew a
weak and feminine refentme nt, al-
together unworthy of their fituatlon,
and miferably (hort of the argu-
ments that were ufed to fupport that
meafure.

To the application for the con-
currence of the Lords, it was ob-
jedled, that fuch an a^ would pre-
clude them from being judges, if
any impeachment (hould afterwarJs
come before them. Both the mo-
tions were however carried by a
prodigioof majority ; and the ad-
drefs having received the concur-
rence of the Lords, at a conference,

1 wat accordingly jointly prc-
*5^- fenwd.

HISTORY OF EUROPE. [85*

CHAP. IX.

tfa^mri im Ifvla»J, at tit mttting of tbt Mw parhamint. j/mgatniatitm
fftffitt. Privj-CtuMeil m»iuy hih rtjiaii. SuffUtt rai/td in it*
tl mamatr. LtrJ LitMttMawi'i/ftab tad frttft ; farUamtwl frtngaii.
^atmtts tbtrnf. Mpita modi but fir ibt Irifii pafir: ; rijiBti.
MiM, *ad rifiUtUiu, rtlali'ut ta AmtritaM affairs ; fvir-rtUJ. Silt
■nvtrfimg lit a^njicatiens rtlalivt It lit MiM/t/ix tUSitii, Dtialtt
til aa^wtr n lit rtmenjlrantt tf tbt cily ef Lmden. Re/olutaai frt-
Uim lit H»m/i tf Lardi rtlativt It lit nhnitt. Kin£iJ^ich. Par-
wmt irtaii if.

>li B late tnnraClioDi in Ire- fnalhtM wu rightly judged to bo
Ium), having thrown that coos- the proper tine, for the making
Ko a fiate of general difuider of another expenoienc to carry into
Bcooieni, occaJioned a propo- execution the bill for the augioen-
I tku fide, for a parJiamentary tation of the fbrcet, which bad
17 into the caafeg and nature failed of fuccef} at the breaking op
en. Wc have before feen the of the laft parliament.
BM bopei aod expe^tiont A melTage wai accordingly fent,
Rcrc mmed in that kingdom, recommending ihit meafure in the
ihe paffing of the oftenoial Hiongeft term) from the throne, m
aad the degree of popohrity a matter which his Majefty had ex-
i dM prefcnt deputy had gain, tremely at heart, not only as De>
OithcArength of that favour* ceHary for the honour of the crown,
nfoc , but for the peace and fecurity of

t great etpencei which at- that kingdom- This meflage like-
1 the general eleflion, had wile contained a promile from the
rhat however abated their fa- ihrone, that if the augmentation
■OB. The perfoni who held took pUce, a number of effcflive
(brniany year 1 there, thought troops, not left than iz,ooo men,
aftaat and unofaal refidence of officers included, Ihould at all timea,
ird Lieutenant, ivsj intended except in cales of invafion or re-
fer the deiULflion of their hellion in Great- Britain, be kept
ami influence. A llronj> op- wiihtn the kingdom for its better
a was prepared. But things defence.

an « plicid outward form ; The propofcd augmentation, was

and nothing appeared on from iz.ooo, the Jormer ellablilh-

'* the meeting ot the new ment, tOl;,33; men, officers iu-

'* ptrliamcntbuiuhatpro- eluded; the lln£\etl (economy was

baririony and good humour, promil'ed to be obferved iu ihis ler-

loufri fcemed to vyc tiiih vice. The augmentation uas to

ther, in their expreflions of be made by an increale ot the com-

nd gratitude to the throne, mon men, without any additional

refpcA and regard to the corps or gteutcrnumbir of officers ;

.ieuicaaot. This fcafoo of and it wai fuithcr propofcd, that

[/]3

'863 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

as the fevera] general officers who
now compofed the military ftaff in
that country, fhould happen to die
or be provided for, the namber
ihould be reduced, and confift of
no more afterwards than a com-
mander in chief, and five general
OBicers. This promife was the
more ufefully applied, as the (laiF
upon that military eflablifliment
was exceffively loaded, and amount-
ed nearly to 30,000!. a year ; and
befidcA being encumbered with an
unnecefTary number of general Of-
ficers, moft of thefe were abfeotees«
who did no duty ; and the number
reiident in the kingdom* wt^c
fcarcely fufiicient to hold boards,
and to go through the other necef-
fary parts of the fervice.

A good many perfevered in the
oppoiition by which this augmen-
tation had been loft in the lormer
parliament. They faid that fnch
a requifition fccmed unufual and
unneceflfary in a time of profound
peace. That the military eftabli(h-
nuent in that kingdom, had been
long and juftly complained of, for
being condu6^ed upon a moft ex-
pend ve^ ineffc^ive, and ruinous
lyOem. The notion was already
loaded with the enormous annual
expence of near half a million (ler-
ling, for the fuppcrt of a nominal
body of troops of 12,000 men, of
which almoU one- fourth were com-
midioned and non-commiflioned
OSicers; the number of regiments
having been gradually increai'ed
from 25 to 42, wiih a prodigious
incrcafe of expence, without any
addition to the number of efFedUve
"men, oroftfficacyto the military
clbblifhment. NotwithHanding this
vail expence, which iliould at
lead have cfFe^uilIy provided for
the fecurity of Uic nation* what

with the regiments ikat wer
ployed abroad upon garrifon
and the great deficiencies
number at home, the interna
fcarcely amoonted to 89OOO n

Such a milapplication c
public monev (it was faid b]
who oppofed the neafinre)
therefore much more loadly i
quiry and redrefs, than for
grant. The public expences i
country, loaded befides with i
for their circumfiances heav]
incumbered with penfions,
amount of near 100,000 L am
were already an intolerable I
to the people ; and much moi
they can afford, while the 1
ragements under which theij
merce labours are continued,
however was the favourable
fition of the majority at this t
government, or fuch their k
the neceffity of the meafurt ti
the common defence, that nc
llanding a ftrong oppofition %
and its being rather anp
without doors* the Augmei
Bill was carried through* and
in a very few days.

This apparent nnion of
ments, good humour and hai
between the Governor and g
ed, was foon interrupted,
ncy bill* which had cri£ifiat
been framed in the privy-c
was brought to the Houfe d
mons ; a meafure, which*
in flridncfs legal, had been
a matter of violent alterca
the beginning of every parli
at which time only it was u
order to keep up a right c
by the council under an
Henry the Vllih, called IV
law, by which no bills are
in Ireland, which have nc
^i\ certified from the privy-

HISTORY OF EUROPE. l»j»

It was affawi, that befidn hiring originted in the Honfe of

dent praAicc, tbe very laft Commons, Thii objeAion did not

Dent hid palTed foch a bill, impede the n&cionil fjpplv ; ano-

II t* the long parliameDt ther money bill was paliea in tbe

had preceded it: that it wai nfoal form, in the moft liberal

liU of any ferioui Aipply, bat maoner, and with the grcateft nna-

: natter of form, and that by nimity,

^ieal law, no diff'crence wai The cordiality and Dnaniinity
in the power of the council, Ihewn upon thit occafian, by which
n money bills and' others, they tnifted folely to the honour of
f the oppofiiion now grown government, and provided fully for
■joriiy, it wai reprefenred as all its neccflitiet, before they pro«
(Mt a violation of their moft ceeded to any part of the national
il and inherent rights, that bufincrs, greatly, a* they faid, en-
Id not pollibly be admitted, hanced the merit of the aA. The
It t total facrifice of them, rejeAed bill provided only for the

evident, tbey faid, that if expenditure of three monthi, tb*

ranting of money as a free prefent for the expencei of two

r the lupporc of government, yeara, and the fnpply grantedi

n Tcfted in the Commons, amoanted to 2,168,681 I. No in-

Mld no longer be confldered confiderable fum, if we conlider tht

refentativet of tbe people; circumftances of the country aitbej

lat the power of conferring are commonly reprefented.
ion the crown, and obtain- Thefe two great poinii of go-

eneGii for the latter, being vemment being obtained, in the

>tally at an end, they could angmencation of the army and the

[er aA as a medium to pre- grant of the fappliei, it was then

the connexion, or fapport thonght the proper time to Ihew a

ifide nee between them. That refentment of the rejection of the

aieri of a money bill are to money bill ; an affront which had

idered as the givers of the been (prudently, as was faid byone

: and that the referving only fide, meanly and fraudulently, by

roMtive or negative to the the other) dilTembled, until Go>

ant, would be reducing them vernment was got on folid ground.

to the fiaie of regillcrs of The Lord Lieutenant,

lias of the privy-council, in a fpeech which he Dec 36.

the privy-council reprcTent made to both Houfes,

n, nor body of men, and after the greateA acknowledgmenn

tcntly cannot tax tbe people; for the liberality with which they

ty themlelvcs are reprcrenlcd had fo efFeflnally lupportcd govern-

lament, where all laiL-es mull mcnt, fuJdenly changed h-.i llile,

te, and where they are e- and condemned in the llrongeit

bound with all others, and terms, the rejf^ion of the Privy

bne authority. Council money bill in the Houfe

Tbe Bill was accord- of Commons, which he reprerencrd

t- ingly rejected ; and in the to be intrenching upon the rights

vole for the rejeflion, of the crown, and entered a fot-

■iba afligned, nis its not mat ProteU in the Houfe of Lords.
if] + ^Sa"""*

•881 ANNUAL REGISTER* 1770.

Ugainft that aft of the Houfe of
Commons; and to preclude all de-
bate upon the fubjcft, or the pof-
fibility of paffiDgrefolutions againft
this meafure^ as fuddenly prorogued
the Parliament to a long day.

Some notice of this defign having
been received before it was pot in
execuiion, a motion had been made
in the Houfe of Lords a few days
before^ that direfltons ihould be
given to the Speaker, not to fufFer
any Protefl ot any perfons whatfo-
ever to be entered in the Journals,
who was not a Lord of Parliament,
and a Member of that Houfe, and
which was not relative to fome bu-
iinefs that had been previouily be-
fore the Houfe, and wherein the
protefting Lord had taken part with
the minority, either in perfon, or
by proxy. This quedion being
over-ruled by a great majority, a
firong proteli was entered by the
xnincrity, which attempted to fhew
th:!C the only two cafes in point,
which were thofe of the Earl of
Strafford, and Lord Sidney, were
ciihcr tranfadled in fuch times, or
attended with fuch circumdances,
as totally voided their being drawn
into precedent, and that every fuch
ad was contrary to the rights, and
derogatory to the dignity of the
Peers. I'he Hou'e of Commons,
before their breaking up, furbid the
Lord Lieutenant's fpeech from be-
ing entered on their Journal.s.

Jn this manner were the fanguine
hopes blailed, which hid been
formed upon the F.rd meeting of
the hrft limited Parliament. No
bulincis haJ pafTcd but a compli-
ance uiih ihe requifuions of Go-
vernment; all the national bufincfs
was undone; the temporary laws
which are renewed or altered at
every Icilioas* whether relative to

agriculture, to trade« to t
plying of the capital with
fions, to the preiervatioQ
public fecurity, or the fop
the public charities* were
pired. The confternation,
and difcontent that follows
great, and the whole kingd
in a ftate of univerfal conful
diforder.

This being a matter of tc
importance to efcape the n
oppofition in the firitiih
ment : a motion was acco
made, that the inftrudions
Lord Lieutenant of that ki
by which he prorogued the
ment, might be laid bef
Houfe. This motion was t
feconded, but propofed to
tended, by moving that
papers relative to the Iril
mentation Bill* (hould be a
before them.

In the debates upon this
many parts of the late coi
•Government, in the admio
of the affairs of that count
derwent the fevereft firidu
was faid, that having caj(
Parliament of Ireland out of
fum of money, for the pur
a military augmentation in
of profound peace, and the
perfcdlly conilitutional then
ceive it fr^m the reprcfenti
the people ; the money
fooner received, than they a
the right of the Comn
granting it, and infilled i
power of originating mon
belonged entirely to the
Council: that admitting fc
ment their own principl
vernment had not a right
the money, if Parliament
a right to give it, and the
either rcfufe the fupply.

I

t

HISTORY OF EUROPE. [89»

ici|ikiccd in the legality of the It was contended, that the lavr

|mi. That the more the coadudt called Poyning's* is no aathority

tf sdiBinifbration in this refped is for this violent procedure. That

onuoed, the more it will be law gives to the Privy Council the

: find perplexed, inconfiftent, and privilege of certifying parliament

r. fimaaical^ the Deputy, having tary bills to this kingdom ; but the

i IKiiiied the money, returns thanks privilege of certifying, by no

" to (be two Houfes for their libe- means includes the Juft authority ol

nSty, and after he has politely originating,

tomplimented their munificence. The condud of a minifterial

k enters a Proteft upon the Jour- officer, who had declared in the

nls of the Lords, and informs the Iriih Hoafe of Commons, that the

vk»le world that they were not au- Privy Council money bill, was «

thorizcd to exert it. ^ fine for the renewal of parliament*

\ ' Hiat the laws of Great Britain was feverely animadverted upon*

had been violated, and its dignity It was faid, that this was an avowal

ftcrificed, to deceive our fellow- of oppreffion and defpotifm in the

UjtQi in the filler nation out of extreme : that it was at once laying

their property ; for that the pro- by the mafk, and confidently telling

aife which the chief governor had the fubjedt, that he fliall not pc£

aude to the Iriih Houfe of Com- fefs his abfoiute right, unlefs he

MBS, to induce them to confent pays the minifter for indulging him

to the augmentation, wz. that with ic.

iXiOOO men (hall be conftantly Upon the whole, it was faid»

ittiooed among them, was not that they were called upon by

f Ml/ giving up the prerogative of every motive, to enquire into the

f Ae crown, but was alfo direAly re- caufes of the prefent deplorable

I pi|Dant to two Englifh ibttutes, by flate of their fider and neighbour*

which the sH/ffiian as well as the ing ifland, and as they were ea-

coamand, of all the land and fea dowed with a coercive power over

ftrces, are made inherent in the Miniilers in every part of the Bri-

i crown ; but that by this promifc, tiih dominions, to give that redrefs

i the rpirit and obvious meaning of to the people of Ireland which

i thefe laws is defeated, and the dif- their own Parliament could not

f fo(al of the 12,000 troops is not grant; and that they were even

virtoilly in the fovereign, but aAu- led by their interell to purfue thoie

'illy in the Iri(h parliament. That meafures, which were at the fame

in whatever light this matter was time evidently dictated by their

confidered, whether as diminifh- jullice.

iog the Royal Prerogative for the On the other fide, the neceOity of

porpofe of artifice, or defeating the preferving a due fubordi nation in

dcfign of £cgli(h A6ts of Parlia- every part of the empire was en-

Beot, for the fhameful end of de- larged upon ; that a controuling

lading the fellow-fubje£ls in Ire- power mud be lodged fomewhere ;

land out of a fupply, in either cafe that the vafl body of ihe BritiAi

it was a matter that merited the territories cannot fubfift without a

inOtSt eD<^uiry. head ; and that it is fitter for the

varioua

•90] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

various dependencies, which we
have prote^ed for fo long a (erics
of years, to obey oor laws, than to
think of dieting to their protec>
tors. That it is axnafing as well as
fbrprizing, to fee the very meafores
which are taken for maintaining
the authority of this kingdom,
poioted out by the oppofition, as a
degradation of its honour, and a
facn6ce of the royal prerogative.

That the reafon of the parlia-
mentary prorogation y was the fo-
licitude of the very Miniders who
are now reviled, to preserve the
dependence of Ireland upon this
kingdom. That the Iriih Houfe of
Commons entered into refolutions
contrary to Poyning's Law ; into
reiblutions which confeqnently
Ihook the foundation of our au-
thority over Ireland, and therefore
the Parliament was prorogued ;
and that the manner of the proro-
gation was warranted no lei's by
precedent, than juflined by reafon.
That the prorogation was una-
Toidable, and the Minifler would

highly merit an impeachment, if

he had not nrged the expediency

and neceflity of it.

That the charges of violating the

laws of England, and relinquiih*

ing the royal prerogative, by the

promife given to the Irifh Parlia-
ment, was equally groundlefs.

That the crown hat, certainly, a

right of difpofing of the land And

fea force as it pleafcs ; and the

crown, therefore, (lations 12,000

men conftantly in Ireland, agree-
able to this right ; yet th'* excrcife

of the right, and the adoal execu-
tion of the Engliih laws, is now

f?id to be repugnant to two Engliili

Acis of Parliament, and a rclin-

qni(hment of the royal preroga-

tive.

Great complaint having beei
made, that among the other lam
of public utility, which had expir*
ed in Ireland, )n oonfeqnence of
the late prorogation, the tax opm
hawkers and pedlars, which wii
appropriated to the ibciety for tbt
building and maintaining of Pro-
teftant Charter Schools, had aUb
ceafed, by which that excellent ta>
ftitntion would be tfoullj and ir-
retrievably ruined; the Miniiicr,
upon this occaiion, pledged himfidfi
that any lofs refulting to the incor-
porated fociety from that meaforc^
ihould be made good from the
privy purfe. The (|ueftion being at
length put, the mouon was rejeded
by a majority of more than two to
one.

The ftate of afiairs in Ameria
had not yet been entered iotOt
though they had been particalarlf
recommended by the fpeech fhm
the throne, and feemed to be ooe
of the great objcdls, which reqmred
the utmoft attention, and matoreft
coniideracion of Parliament. Tlw
account which had been received of
the late alarming riot in BotoOi
between the foldiers and towB*i
people, and the confequence thit
followed, of the two regiments thst
were ftationed in the hai racks there,
being under a compulfatory ne-
cefTity of retiring from the town
and going to Callle William, with-
out any order from Government
for fo doiu^, feemed to make this
matter fo urgent, as not to admit
of any delay, before fome con«
clufivc meafures were taken upon
it; and the time prefled the more
immediately, as a fpcedy proroga-
tion was the natural confequence of
the feafon.

The Miniflry, however, were
very ihy and tender upon this head,

and

HISTORY OF EUROPE- [91*

■cd to «ifli ruber to trsft tb« prdent Sane of diffenfioB.

aporixug condoQ with the between the iDothcr-coaiiiry «o4

ij and the hope of profiting her coloniet. That in fulfiUiog

r difQuoa or aecemij', (baa thii duty, tbey maft not ooly coa-

op«a K ferifi of diftordaot £der the mitier of f«di bat the

a, which, however the fe- right .of vhingi ; not ooly the tnr-

puti dight be defended by bulence of the Americaai, bo^

aediate plea of expediency the caufe of that torbalcnce ; aa4

time, conld bear do critical not only the power of the croan.

caqairy, when compared and but the equity with which thiE

ed opoo the whole. power had been exercifed.

'ever thii might have been Thit motion had the ofntl fats.

odple npoo which American of thofe snade by the miaonif.

were fiinered hitherto to lie It did not, however, prevent otMr-

U, noiwithflanding the re- Hep* npon the fame fubjeA. Ate

ladatioa from the throne, it of refolationt were propofcd, bf

f M> Dieani faijifaAory to which the whole minilterial fytmk

who had oppoTed every part for feveral yean paft, with reUdiw

: Cimdnft of adminifiratitm to America, wat taken into cb*»

:|ard to America. fideratioa. All the coatradifioiy

A motion was accord- inftruaioni to the Govemora wem

ini;ly made for an ad- caovaiTed ; and their inconfiSeocT'

diefs 10 the throne ; fet- and ill effefU pointed out. Xue*

irth me dilputes that had impofed — repealed ^ impoAd

amanj[ the I'evtral governon again, and repealed agaio. ASkm-

inimaiider.'i, in al mult all the blic* diGolved — called again; kbA

■t, li')Ce the appoiatmeat of fuffcred to fit and proceed to buft*

manJcr in chief; that the nefs, without difavowing or dU*

:> nzve been lor fome time, coumcnancing the nteaftirea whitk

■t Hill, irom ihii and other had procoretT the former diKdt-

in a H^te of the greaieft tion. Protnife* made to the aflcM-

r and ::;>nrulion ; that the blieii that certain dvtie* (hould b«

of America com, Iain of the repealed and laxe* taken off; whicb

limeitt of an army there, aa were unwarrantable, of daDgcrona

up a military government confrquence, and a high braach of

le civil i and therefcre pray- privilege ; and that it was equally

hit ail thcle matter* may be derogatory from the hononr of thv

deted, and fueti mcaCutei crown, and the freedom of par-

a« would replace things liamentary deiibcritiont, to havo
upon a ccnltitaiiooal fuot- iitfuiih pledgeii to the peTrormanc«
of fuch promife). Troopi feni-^
) motion WM inirodoeed, by dm'cn out — violence, .ind fub*
iog, that in the prefrnt cri-. milHoR. alternately made ufe of.
tiuationof affairi, they were Treafons char[>ed, adopted by Par-
ly called upon, to enquire liament, not proved, nor attempted
:he Minil?eri here, no left to be proved; or if cxiHing, not
iieir UGicert there, have ma- attempted to be dctcOed and
ib ttDfonunatclyi ai to kindit punitLcdj an iafult on the dignity

of

V] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

of. Parliament 9 and tending to alluded to, and fome of the firongeC

bring either a reflection on its arguments againft them, were ia-

wifdom and ju(lice» or to encou- eluded in the preamble of this billt

rage treafons, and treafonable prac- which, beddes the general ftrga-

tices, by not 'carrying into execn- ments that we have already leca

tion the meafures recommended by upon this fubjeAy was fupportcd

Parliament. upon the new ground, that the iBode

All thefe refolutions, which may of informality before objeded to

be feen in the Votes of the Houfe of upon this quedion, of its not being

Commons, were rejected by a great properly before the Honfe* coold no

majority ; nor did adminiftration longer have any weight, as it was

enter much into a difcuflion or re- now introduced by a bill,

futation of the matter or charges Much law, and many precedeflU

which they contained. The gene- were difcuflfed, in the conrfe of the

ral arguments of the turbulence of debates up>on this bill. Thofe who

the Americans, the difpofition of oppoied the bill, founded their ob-

the colonies to difclaim all depend- jedions chiefly upon the compe-

ance on the mother-country, the tency, the excluiive and inherent

neceflity of fupporting its autho- right of the Houfe of Commonf»

rity and the dignity of government, in its adjudications in all matters

ftnd the right of the crown to ila- of that nature ; and that their own

tion the troops in any pare of the late refolution had already decided

dominions ; together with the nc- the point, and confirmed the final

ceflity of their being employed to right of determination to the other

fopport the laws, where the people houfe.. That however, exdufive

were in little lefs than a ftate of of that refolution, fuch a meafore

rebellion, were thofe principally would be illegal and unprecedent-

made ufe of. There was nothing ed. That the whole time of both

pleafant in the view of the condud Houfes had been nearly taken op

of American affairs ; and admini- during the feflion with this fubje^

ilration aimed at getting rid of and that as every determination

the difcuifion as foon as poffible, had been againil it, nothing coold

and put a negative on, or poflpon- be more extraordinary than. to find

cd by previous queftions, all thefe it ap,ain agitated,

refolutions. Precedents were brought on the

About the fame time, a bill was other fide*, to fhew that fuch an in-

brought into the Houfe of Lords, terference had been pradlifed by

by the Earl of Chatham, and read both Hcu:cs ; and the expediency

once, for rcvcrfmg the adjudica- ar.d even nccclTicy of it in fome

tions cf the Hrule of Common*, cafes, was urged upon the fame

whereby John Wilkes, i.fq. has principKs, which we have before

been judged incapable of being taken notice of in the debates upon

clcdled a member to lerve in the the motion relative to this fnbjed.

rrel'ent parliament : and the free- The qucilion was repeatedly called

holders of the couuiy of Tviiddlefcx for, and being at length put, the

have been deprived of one of their bill was rcjcded by a great majo-

lc;jal reprelcniaiives. riiv. A proteil, figned by 33 lords»

The hiltory of the tranfa^ions upon ths fame ground ak the for*

i&cr«

HISTORY OF EUROPE. [93*

MTi was the confeqaence of this

A fflotion wz» made a few days
after by the fame nobleman, for a
leMguoa to declare, that the ad-
m which induced the late anfwer
to be given from the throne to the
renoofiraocei Sec. from the city of
London, is of a mod dangerous
tendency; as thereby the exercife
of the clearcft rights of the fubjc^
to petition the throne for redrefs of
|rie?aoces ; to complain of the vio-
ution of the freedom of el^flion ;
to pray a diffolution of parliament ;
to point oat mal-pra^ices in admi-
Billration, and to urge the removal
of evil miniders; has, under pre-
tence of reproving certain parts of
the faid remonilrance and petitiun,
by the generality of one compcn-
dioQs word. Contents, been indif-
criminately checked with repri-
Qind; and the afflicted citizens of
London have heard from the throne
itfelf, that the contents of their
hamble addrefs, remonilrance, and
petition, laying their complaints
and injuries at the feet of their fo-
verciga, as father of his people, is
cooGdered as difrcfpedlful to him-
^Iff injurious to his parliament,
tnd irreconcileable to the princi-
ples of the conftitution.

To this motion it was objefled,
^at bo h Houfes had already ad-
<Irefred the throne with their thanks,
for the very anfwcr which it was now
propofed to them to condemn ; that
focha proceeding would not only be
repugnant to order, but repugnant
(0 common fenfe; that the anfwcr
fiiveo to the city upon this occa-
uon, was conformable io the an-
f*ers given in feveral former reigns,
^'hicb were fpecified, in iimilar
^s ; and that no caufe could now
b€ iffigned in fupport ^f this ffica-

fore, which did not equally fubiift
at the time that this queftion had
been agitated before.

On the other fide it was faid, thac
as infallibility was not the lot of
human nature, fo it was no impa-
tation on their underdanding, nor
degradation of dignity, to acknow-
ledge an error ; the conditution did
not fuppole their refolutions per-
fect ; and experience continually
fhcwed, that afts which were plan-
ned with the utmod circumfpe^ion
in one fcllion, were abfolutely ne-
cedary to be repealed in the next ;
yet this alteration in opinion is
never confidered as injurious, either
to the accurncy of their judgments,
or to the probity of their hearts.
Thac it had been advanced with
triumph, that the anfwer in quef-
tion was iimilar to the anfwers
given in the reigns of the Stuarts,
to firoilar applications of their fub-
jefts for redrefs of grievances : but
are thcfe the princes that are to be
held up as patterns to poderity ?
And are thcie no precedents fuited
to the prcfcnt times to be found b«c
in their reigns ? There was a pre-
cedent at hand adapted to the pre*
fent quedion, which, however it
had not been thought proper to re-
coiled ; a precedent worthy of the
man who elUblidicd it. '1 his wai
the cafe of the Kentift) petition ; in
compliance with which. King Wii*
liam didblved the parliament, to
let the nation fee he had no double
game to play ; and to diew, thac as
he had no intered feparate from the
intered of his fubjefts, all parlia-
ments were alike acceptable to him,
that were agreeable to the widies
of the kingdom. But at prefent,
governmfnt feems delighted in op-
pofing the widies of the people.
Ireland, after its money is taken

a^i y.

•94] ANNUAL REGISTER, rrjo:

away» is deprived of its parliament, folutions relative to the A

though the nation is unanimous for affairs, vrere propofed by tl

. its fitting ; and England, where the of Richmond, nearly fimilat

^neral voice calls out for a dilTo- which we took notice of

lution, is to be b!eA, aguind its Houfe of Commons*, but

will, by a continuance of its re- larger fcale, and in which a

prefentatives. number of objeds of eoou

The miniflers were remarkably particularized : all ofwhid

ilent in the courfe of this day's dc- the heaviell cenfures^ as w

bate ; and though repeatedly called the mcafures prefcribed at 1

upon, and urged by the moll pro- the condud purfued. in the

Tokiiig taunts to vindicate their tion of them in the colonies,

m^'afures, abflained from all dif- refolutions were introduced

cnflion, and repeatedly called for vere obfervations on the co

the quedion. They faid in ge^ne- adminiftration, who havin;

ral» that all thefe billf, addrcfHrs, cularly recommended, the

and rclolutions, were lubllantially can aliairs to their aaentio

the fame, which the Houfe had fre- fpeech from the throne,

quently well confidered and rcjc<fk- knowledged them lo be of

rd ; and that it would be only en- mod importance ; yetthe fe

couragino a dif^^iontion to ciidlcG been fpcnt, and this great

civil., to enter into debate upon been totally ncgleftcd ; not

the (^iTki: iitatier, as ofccn as in^e- as a mc:ion has been mad*

Ulcus people cculd give it a ne\y on the contrary, when th(

ihape. Mary poin^^, not imme- of the frivolous and trifiin

diatelv conncOcJ with the fubjcd, nue adis was brought bei

were introduced ; n;any charges 1 Joule, every enquiry was

made, and a fecret and undue in- evaded, that could lead

flucnce much complained of: the fmalleft knowledge of the fi
^ueiiion was ovcr-iuLd by ai.)Out The nobleman who pre

the ufual majority. the head of the American

A moiion for an addrcfs to the mcnt, being paiticularly i

'throne, lor a dififclu tion of the pre- in thefe ccnfures, it was r

icnt parliament, w.hs iimle a few cypcdted that he would hav

idays after, and broiii;ht on long cd largely into the bufint

debates, in which all the i^jHc have c.idcavourcJ to cxpl

grievances and difcontents weie re- vindicate his o^n cc nviucV

iterated, and the great ncccfUty in ' huv.evcr, was not the cat

the prcfent fituation of forei^.;r. !i\\6. wuh an acknowledged co

domeiUc ad'airf, of rclloring har- that he wns pnrticulaily ca

ipony between the people t.v,s1 their o::, decllnovl ei tcrin^ into

reprti'cntauves and ilicir hivinj: a cuilion of tha: nature; but <

parliament in t^hum they could himfrif f:» the prclent cxp

place a thorough confiicnce, was of Icavi r.g this bufinafs tot

enforced. This met with the fame fj'leration of the miniftr

£ite as the former. mir,ht fbrai fome plan du

-- ^ Near the clofc of the rccels for accocjmodatin^

r'^^ *•• fc£on, a number of u- nutters. TIic mixiiftcrs b

9

HISTORY OF EUROPE.- [95*

le tfait lURcn of thii nt-
becn rcomiiuDdcd to psr-
rathcr premMoreljr, before
ilu fcheme kad been fbrm-
Cf were relblTed, therefore,
■II retroTpea ; ind accord-
; lord ia qneftion, of him-
•cd for an adjourament.
could not fail to draw out
ittiog obferrationi and fe-
ifvM from the other fide,
bferved, that thoogh Ame-
fhin had, for tbefe two
teen a Sanding fubjefl of
endaiion from the Oirane,
7 meafure relative to them
rioued id parliament, while
iifera Oirnnk back appalled.
' breath that feemed to whif-
■nqniry into them ; that in
: time they had formed no
or a&ed npon any fjrftem ;
ned toftomble upon wretch-
dienciei aed abiurditiei, at
cidently arofe in their way,
every new meafure led to
diforder and confufioa than
-■er. That for the perfon
at particularly accufcd, to
la enquiry into hii own con-
ly moving br an adjoum-
wat a manifcA TioIatioD and
J of juftice, and fuch a pro-
n of parliament, ai defcrved
er panifliment dian any ceo-
uld convey.

mtniflry refufcd to anfiver,
»ke any notice of ttie pro>

poled refeUtiont ; the ^neftion was

repeatedly called ibr an adjoura-
ment, and bemg at length put, ma
carried at afual.

Thni ended tkii feffion w
of parliament ; the pioro- *'' *'"

fation having taken place next day.
D the fpeecb from the throne, tbe
temper which had condofied all
the proceeding) of parliament, wai
greatly approved ; and the happiet
effect expeded from the firmacisi
at wcit at the moderation, which
they had mantfefted in the very cri-
tical circomibincet which attended
thnr late deliberation t. An a£ii>
ranee wat given, that in all erenti*
it Ihould be made the firft and cob-
ftant objea of caret to watch orer
the interefti, and to prelerre ut-
diminilhed the righci of the people.
And it wat earnellly recommended
to exert in their relpefUve countiea
the fame zeal and prudence which
they had (hewn in parliament, for
promoting the peace and welfare of
the kingdom : that nothing can be
To favourable to the wifhei of thofo
who look with jealoofy on tba
ftrength and pn^perity of thii
country, at the prevalence of ani-
moGtiei and dilTenfioni amongft
ourfelveii and to make it there-
fore their care to difconntenanca
every attempt to infafe groundlela
fufpicioni and difcontent into ths
mindt of their fellow-fnbjedi.

C H R O-

[ «5 ]

HRONICLE.

JANUARY.

rH E Cornifh petition
wai prefented to his

hjr the high fherilF, at-

by Sir John Si. Aubin,
' Jonn Molefivorth, Barti,

of the Ihire. Mr. Serj.

Thomas Pitt, Chriltopher
and William Ellis, Efq;

fame day the Yorklhire,
erOiire, Somerfetfliire, Nor-
fland, Corowall, Newcaftle,
lol petitions, were prefenicd
WajeRy, at St. James'), to-
with a protcft of the corpo-
of Liverpool, againft the

procured from that city,
other*.

Wm. Williams, of Lao-
Jovery, mercer, togeiher
elve other perfons, dilguiled
^oneri frocks, and armed
lloU, fA'ords, cuclalTss.and
cks, came lo the dwelling-
* William Powell, of Gla-

xa the county of Carmar-
'q; and knocked a: ihe back
Upon its being opened,
I Williams, and two of the
lliins, rulp.cd into the par-
vhllft Others fiood eentr^}
Ir. Powell was fitting wiiit
•' hu neighbour!, and in-
ly ftabbed'him in nine dif-
•?.r:s of his bndy, till his

c:imc out, eut ofT Wu
id almoftone of his hinds.
3p1e wbo were wllti him,

xiii.

were To frightened, that they made
no refiflancc, but immediately raa
out i the alTalLni then retreated,
without atlc^mpting to hurt any
other perfon. The following day
i^veral pe:Icns lollowed their foot-
Repi in the fnow, and took parti-
cular notice of the imprellion and
Hze of their (hoei. The villaias
avoided all homes and p^ihi, and
went over bogs, moraffes, and
mountains, for abiui four com-
puted miles, till ihey came to the
houfe of one Chirles David Vlor-
gan, but being tracked no farther,
he was taken up and brought before
the coroner, where he gave a fair
account of himlcif; but one of
hii fhoes bring taken off, and
e of the

mprcm

s takei

1 the

fnow, he was committed on fufpi-
cion ; and foon after confefled the
fadl, and dlfcovered fit: <'f the ac-
complices; whereupon Sir William
Manlel, Bart, and other gentlemen,
immediately armed, and went with
their ferv^nts in purfuit, and looi:
five of them. One of the villains
confeffed that they were thirteen
in number : and they were all hired
by Williams to murder Powell, and
not to rob the houfe. This Wil-
liams, in Ajgud 176S, went wiih
Mr. Powdl'j v.i;,;, and took her
a:id h'.T children from the board-
ing-fchcol to London ; and Mr,
Powell ivas obliged to apply to the
court of King's -Bench, for a ba-
IF] beai

661 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

beas corpus, to get at his children ;
and by the recommendation of the
court, allowed hrr icx>l. a year
for a feparate maintenance. Wil-
liams laid feveral fchemes in order
to take away Mr. Powell's life, and
attempted to (hoot him feveral
times. The villains met, on the 7th
inftant. in Charles David Morgan's
hoofe, and continued there till they
Went the following evening to mur-
der Mr. Powell. One of the viU
lains was difpatched by A^lliams
that very night to inform Mr. Pow-
ell's brother with what was done^^
and ordering him to come and take

?oircffion of the eftate. But, Mr.
owell having made a will, and
appointed guardians over his chil-
dren, their fchcme was defeated.

^bout fix o'clock this morning,
a mod dreadful fire broke out at
MefiTrs. Johnfon and Payne, book-
fellers, in Pater- nofter Row, which
totally confamed the faid houfe,
Mr, Cock's, printer, Mrs. Bate-
tnan's, and Mr. Upton's, an auc-
tioneer, (late the Cafile Tavern)
backward ; in which lafl-mentioned
houfe was kept the bibles, com-
mon-prayers, &c. belonging to the
proprietors of the Oxford prcfs, to
the amount of 10,000 1. ard up-
ward, together with a number of
books belonging to Mr. Crowder,
bookfeller, adjoining, whofe houfe
is alfo damaged, as was many
others.

. This d-iy his MajeHy went
^•"' to the Houfe of Peers, and
having opened the parliament with
the ulual folemnity, made a moil
gracious fpeech, from the throne,
to both houfes. For the fpeech, &c.
fee the article of State Papers.
. Petitions from ine follow-

^ * !ng places were prefented to
kif MajcAy at St. James •« vis. from

Devon(hire, by Sir Richard
wick Bamfylde, Bart, and
Parker, Efq; members for
county : from Derbyfiiire, by
Gecrge Cavendifli, member ft
county : from Glouceflerfiiirc
Sir William Codrington,
from Wiltfiiire, by Edward
ham. and 7 homas Goddard, I
members for that county :
Hercfordihire, by Thomas F
jun. Efq; member for the coon
The houfe of two wealth)
men, brothers, on the fea-co
Somerfetfhire, was broke opei
robbed of 1 200 1.

At the Guild of Merchao
Dublin, the following refoli
were aereed to :

Refolded unaniwuujly^ That
not only the undoubted right
highly becoming, and of |
utility, for all members of \
(late, and more -efpecially 1
corporate, to attena to, and
fionally declare, their fenfe ol
lie meafures.

Re/ol'ved unanimoujlj^ That
the duty of the conftituents,
ftrudl their reprefentatives ii^
matter of national concern.

Re/ohed, That the late {
prorogation of the parliamc
this kingdom, was untimel
as much as it has impeded th
grefs of many new, and pnei
the revival of many old law
the benefit, advantage, and
iecurity of the internal |
commerce, trade, and ma
turcs of this kingdom.

Rf/olvt'd, 1 hat this corpc
do inilruf't their reprefentati
parliament, on the prefent
mitous fituatioD of tnis cit]
kingdom ; and that fuch expc
as may be judged neceflary t
rent the like diilreb hereafi

CHRONICLE.

[«J

J to tlKm, for tbeir future

DCIlt.

Aboac 7 o'clock in the
erening, Newboctle-abbey,

of the moll Hon. the Mar.
LothiaD, was difcovered to
6re. It made its firft ap-
e in the norch-eaft wing,

the parkt, but bad got lo
height ticfore it was diH-o-
that there was no poffibility
ig all that part of the houfc,
re barnt with prodigioui
t, till about two ia the
;, when its fury was Aopt
OQ^ party-wall, which gave
ortiinity of faving part of
fe. The family were in the
: the time: they llaid till
two, when my lord and
me to loivn. The \oh on
aCon muft be very great,
e piflurei in the great gal-
re all pulled down, and
*cr the windows, and fuf-
reat damage ; ihe library,

furniture of the principal
ats, and indeed alnioft
ling elfe, cither fuffcred the
c, or were confumed by the

Ig the fire, the following
oly accident happened.
the milkri of Nci^boitle.
n hearing the bell, ran to
. alGAancc. His wife, who
■udinary, having gone lo*

locked the door of his
:er him. 0:i his teiurn he
■r dead, lying in the chim-

would appear the had got
t her fright had thrown

a fie. to which the was
bjetl ; and that unfortu-
le had f..llen into the fire,
e WIS burnt to deiLth.

The Duke of Beaufort
eltgned his poll of roaltei
<rfe to the queen.

The Earl of Coventrjr Jim re-
ligned hii poR of one of^ the lords
of the bed-chamber to hts ma-
jelly.

The MarquJ! of Granby reCgned
a!I his place:-, except his regiment
of blues.

The Duke of Manchefler re-
figned his employment as one of
the lords of the bed-chamber.

The Earl of Huntingdon hit
place of groom of the Aole.

The Right Hon. James Gren-
vJlIe refigned hi^ poll of one of
the vice-treafurers of Ireland.

About five o'clock yellerdiy, the
Lord-Chancellor received a melTags
from the fecretary of Hate's office,
defiring, in bis majefty's name, that
he would deliver up the Teals that
evening at fevcn o'clock : his lord-
fhip accordingly, attended with a
proper regalia, waited on his ma-
jefiy at the queen's palace, and de-
livered them into hi] own hands.

Mr. Dunning, folic! tor-general
to his Majefty, religned that em-
ployment; but continues lo offi-
ciate till another is appointed.

The petition of the freemen and
principal inh^bitanis of Liverpool,
was prefented to his Majefty, by
their worthy memben Sir William
Meredith, and Richard Pennant,
Efq. This petition is faid to be
figned by near looo freemen, Itc.
The proteft of the corporation by
not more than 450.

A RulEmminofwar ofSogont.
was brought into Porirmouch dock,
to be cut down 10 a third rate, ai
at prefent Ibe is fo crank Ihe canooc
carry fall.

The reals were this day delivered

in eouncil, by his Majcltv, to the

Ri^ht Hod. Charles Yorke, Efqj

ho was alio created Lord Mor-

"in '

TU

6S] ANNUAL REGISTER, 177(5.

The Right Hon. Sir John Cuft,
refignf d his office of fpcakcr of ihc
Houie of Commons, on account
of his ill ilate of heaUh.

The fefliuns ended at the
0!d-Bailcv» when cloven

20th.

which «nppeared to fall towards th€
earth, in an oblique diredlion, fat
above half a minute* burning at h
fell, and had in appearance a lon^
fiery tail. During that time, the
hemifphcre was illuminated to fach

prifoners received fcntcnce cf a degree, that you might have per-

death: twenty-five weic ordered to ccived a pin on the ground. After

be tNinTported for feven years, and this ph^ncnomcnon had difappcared,

one for fourteen years, two branded

in the hand, two to be privately

wlilpc, and eighteen difchargcd by

proclamation.

'J his evening, at five o'clock,
died the Ri^^ht Hon. Charles Yorke,
Loid Morticn, Baron of M^rden,
in the county of Cambridge, and
Lord -CIn nee Jor of Great Britain,
in the 4Sth year of his aj^c. He
was fon to the U:e Lord- Chancellor,
tlie Karl of Ilardwickc ; and had
enjoyed his place ioT (o fliort a time,
that the patent for his peerage
co'jjj not have been made out. Ills
c-n;i:^cnt abilities; are well known.
It is faiJ his LorJilliip's death was
Occafioned by the burfting of a
blood vcirv,*!.

The iccleiy for encourage-
ment of irts, mancfafturcs, and
commerce, g.ive a g ^Id medal, en-
graved by Mr. Pii'g >, to' Mr. j.imcs
tn^Hlh, for the cultivation of
rliubarb in l'lnj;l.inJ.

n Sir Sidn.y otnfr'ivd S my the,

' ■ :hc lJ(in. l!ir.:y D.r.hiirft, r.nJ
Si: Kir herd Ar:.-:^. wltc tliis day,
by i^i , ninjv:l" in ciunc:!, ap-
pninicJ Cri'Ti-i.'i v.i'i'^ f'T the cut'-

t'''«' fif •!(* fi"r'. * V.'i-l ^«l ,.rt
<<. • |l| LI. I. VJ iLllL K, ,.. I f 1 1^-

L*- :i Itf.tT from ^"orl:, i-. t',

,, I

aio inliT:.: .i!. l:» i; t!-.:s i.' I'

:iii:.r.'3 n.ittrr,

l.r.'c bill (.i

1:1

i.'..!l { .' frr, v.r.-. f.l>:r rv.-.i in tiic
p=:: '.f :!;: hi"»r; ";n of Ivi.i:-. r-

a

• 1

an uncommon loud rumbling Doife
was heard, much ftke the falling
of a building, or a clap of thunder;
but as the horizon was at that tine
remarkably clear, it was the gene-
ral opinion there, that it was aa
earthquake, as fcvcral windcmi
were Ihaken. The aurora borealii
appeared remarkably luminous aH
the evening.

About the fame time, this phe-
nomenon was feen by fcveral per-
fons in that city, who alio heard a
rumblintr noifc, and felt a tremor
of the earth.

Lord Mansfield, who had, bf
virtue of a commiflion under the
Great Seal, been appointed lo fup-
ply the place of Lord-Chancellor,
or Lord keeper, in the Houfe of
Peers, took his place accordingly.

A lire, occafumcd by the negli-
gence of the liable- keeper, broke
out in the ftibles of his Grace the
Dnice of Norfolk, at Workfop-
MaTor, in Nottirgliamfhire, which
c.tlrclv I' n"jnied the fame. Two

m

horse*? wcr.^ fv> burned, that thcv
are fince do:ii!, and the rell were
wiili r.:.''at iiitiicuUy prefer ved.

lii? r.]: jc.'y came to the •

}]:>\i(t: 01 I'c.fs; and being '

fi.T.'.il 01 lie thro'ic, commanded

M:i r....;:., Mc-ly ncu-v, gentleman

i.\:- r o* :•!■: M:;ck rod, to let the

(.. r..~ ,. .. ' .s .^^ i; :^ i-;^ M.>jcfty'i

pir.i'.jic O'.t'y ii*iei..l him inimedi-
:,-t!y. \\*'.y \v\r.g come. Sir
I !tli.l.cr Nor:c"] vts prcfcnted.at

CHRONICLE.

[69

»ker, to hli Majefty. who aod hii Grace continaes Heady in
cionfly pleared to approve fupport of the meafuiei of govern-
lice. ment.

A great mortality prevail) The river Rhone, in FrancCf
imong the Ruffian failorj fwcUed higher than has been known
fmouth ; where many of in the memory of man,
i»c been on board four Hii Majelly went to the ' .
and now begin to ficken Hoofc of Peers, aiiended 'S"""-
that it has been determined by his Grace the Duke ofAncaller,
them by turns : and Hilfey and Lord Bruce, and gave the royal
I are alTowcd them for that affeit to the billi which were pre-

It is faid, [hat nut Icfs pared.

I die daily. Dr. Mufgrave was heard before

About half an hour after the H. of C— — m, relative to the

:cn, a tire broke out in the information he hid to produce on

rehotife belonging to Mr. the fcore of the late peace; and

Stetle, on Bennrt's-hill. what he then delivered, was voted

in the highcll degree friroloui and

unworthy of credit.

This night it lightened fa fur-

prizingly in this city, that the oliieQ

perfons living, do no: remember

ving feen it equalled

before, even in the hottelt fealon,

Thja day a petition from .

agl's-wharf, oppotJte
liere the dreadful fire hap-
ai the oil warehoufe ir
■Ilreei, a few months ago
■DM were fo rapid, that i
con fumed the warehoufe,
veral dwell in g-houfes be-
hat and St. Peter's Hill j
j's church alb caught fire
limes, but w

the city of Cox

s preferved by prcfented to his Majclly.

iiyot tne Bremen ; and the An earthquake, in the idand of

i>e was got under by one St. Maura, in Greece, has lately

there being luckily plenty deft roved 700 hcufcs; moft of the

'(, and great alCllance in- inhabitants kverc buiied under the

eady. As few perfons were ruins.

when the lire broke ont. From St. Chriftopher's we learn,

alio no Hies were loft, that on the 24ih of Oilober, feveti

His Grace the Duke of members of the: general alTembly

3rafton religned hii poll nf of that illanij, having, on fome de-

d of the ircafury, to the bate, ijuitted the houfe in an ab-

neni of the whole nation, rupt and indecent manner, wera

afe ii vaiioufly reported : ordered into the cuftody of the

r,(0 avoid being refjHinfible ferjeant at .nrms : that <m their

lolly

: others, that a great pcr-
wa« diipleaftd with the

fmi&ion ot LoiJ C n,

anothrr lit pcrfon was

on to fuccePii him. B--

it may. Lord North was

ttely appointed in his room i

:fuU\ to m.ikc rubmilTion t
houfe, they were committed to the
common gaol, where they wltc con-
fined ; five diys sfter ivhich, ihcy
were expelled 'the hfuL', and dif-
charged from tiicir imprilonnient :
that on their coming out of priun,.
a freac concouiie ot people afTcm-

\n 3 bk4

7o] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770;

bled in the paflure, where a large
bonfire wis made, in which they
burnt two effigies : and that on the
17th of November, came on the
eledlion of four members for the
parifli of St. George's, BaiTeterre,
in the room of the expelled mem-
ber5, when the fame gentlemen
were re eleAed without oppofition.
to the great joy of the freeholders,
who gave an elegant entertainment
on the occafion.

The general affcmbly of North
Carolina was difToIved three days
after its meeting in November laft,
by his Excellency William Tryon»
'Efy; the governor.

The diflemper among the horfes
rages with great violence ; in the
neighbourhood of Camberwell,
Peckham, Dulwich, &c. no lets
than 50 Lave lately died. The
<li(lcmprr among the horned cattle
has only been heard of in and near
Weftminfter.

Died lately, at Leeds in York-
ihire, one Mary Denton, who lived
in an alms-houfe there ; her em-
ployment ufed to be to carry out
jneat for the butchers, for which
ihe received one half-penny a turn ;
after her death ihere were found,
fewed up in her doath?, one hun-
dred Queen Anne's guineas.

At Tregony in Cornwall, Mr.
Richard (on, aged I02.
^ In Cornwall, Mr. George Wil-
liams, aged 109.

In Eflcx Street, White- Friars,

Mrs. Jacki'on, aged upwards of loo.

At Rainford in Lancafhire, Jo-

fhua fiibby,'in the 105th year of

his age.

pledged themfelves to the pub
that they will perfevere in avail
themfelves „ as far as in them 1:
of every right, and every pen
with which the conftitution
armed them, for the good of
whole, in order to obtain full rel
for the injured electors of Gr
Britain, and full fecurity, for
future, againft the lave mofi d]
gerous ufurpation upon the rights
the people; which, by fappingi
fundamental principles of this f
vernment, threatens its total dil
lution.

FEBRUARY.

3 The following noble lords
have iblcmnly declared tad

Dukes
Richmond
Mancheder
Dcvonihire
Northumberland
Bolton
Portland

Marqui/s
Rockingham

Earls
Thmct
Aylesford
Suffolk and Bert

(hire
Huntingdon
Chatham
Coventry
Radnor
Scarborough
Stamford
Temple
Dartmouth
Berkeley
Effingham
Stafford
Aibemarle
FitzWilliam
Abingdon
Tankcrville

Vifcount
Torrington

Bijh9fs
John Bangor
Fred. Exon

BaroMt
Lyttelton
Grofvenor
Abergaveao;
Audley
Wycombe
Camden
Chedworth
Craven
Archer
Romnejr
I'revor
Sondes
Boyle
King
Fortefcae
Monfon
Ponfonby
MiltOQ
Hyde

TiUir
Earl of Bad

CHRONICLE. • [71

kA mo tnnfporti arrived weighiag in the whole upwards of

cad from Petcrfburgh. with nwo ions, were many of them rent

) RufliaQi Ibldien on board. like paper, and all carried awajr

teBt three more tranfportt with great velocitj' entirely over tlw

>m (he above place with 8 (aid roof, and fjrlling on the op*

(Den more. We bear the polite fide, carried with it fevetal

are to be encamped on yards of the parapet will.
h-Sea common. There are One of the patriotic flierifia de«
t'* hofpital upwards of 400 dared in a great afTembly, that he
Oiould refule to pay the land-tax
4 great riot happened thit in a county that wai not repre-
' at Chirk in Denbigl (hire, fented ] and it it faid he will cer-
e the execution of the mi- lainly try the confetjaeace of abid-
in that county. Near 300 ing by the refoIuiiDn.
neo, armed with clubi and A moll {plendid entertain- ,1
k«, alTembled at the meet- ment 'wai given at the Man- ^ ' .
he juftice), and, drove away Jion-hsufe, by the Right Hon. the
tables, who were about to Lord Mayor, at which a numerouj
n their lills; and after in* and brilliant alTcmbly of the firll
the genilemen prefent, and quality in the kingdom were pre-
l the wiodewi of the houfe fent. The ball in the evening wat
liey met, difperfed without opened by the Duke of Devon{hire
lamige. and the Lady Mayoreis. The
fhe Suppirttrg of the Bill dancing continued till twelve, when
Rights met at the London a very grand fupper was lerved up
when Serjennt Gtynn, the in the Egyptian Hall, with a line
1, acquiinied the focieiy, deiTert, and a curioui piece of con-
remittance of 1500I. had feftionary. After fupper, part of
id into the hands of Sir the company went into the ball-

Hankey and Co. banker* room, and continued dancing till

hurch-llreet, for the ufe of near five o'clock on Saturday

ty, by order of the aOembly morning ; at which time the whole

> Carolina, who had voted company departed, highly fatisficd
with the elegancy of the entertaiD-

Grace the Dutchefi of ment, the order and regularitywilh

iberlmd religned her office which it was condufled, and the

if the Udies of the bed- polite behaviour of the Lord Mayor

to the Queen. And the and Lady Mayorefs. There were

y her pt.ice wat fuppjied prefent the Duke and Dutchefi of

.'ountefsof Holderneft. Portland, the Duke and Dutchefi

morning the pjriQt church of Richmrnd, the Duke and Dutch-

ngbridge, Hants, was much cfi of Bolton, the Duke and Ducch-

{ by a tornaiio, which en- ef) of Queenlbury, the Duke and

ripped the kad off the Dutchefs of Manclicfter, the Duke

eor the roof of the middle and Dutchels of Northiimbcrland,

,m the tower evcrn ro the Earl Temple. Earl of Suffolk, Lord

r ; the guit of wind was To Camden, Lord LjiieltO!), General

that tiM Ihect) of lead, Paoli, iheRdfiansmbalfador. L(»xl

72] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

George Sackville, and many other There was the falieft Hoole of
noblemen ; alfo Mr. JuIticeWillcSy Commons chat has been knowi.
Sir G.orge Savile, Edmund Burke, No lei's than 45 1 members were juc-
Eiq; and feveral oiher members of fent. By a lift in the Court Calci-
the Houie of Commons, and their dar 192 hold places under the go*
ladies. The following aldermen vernment, and it is affirmed npM
were alfo prefent. Sir Charles Af- the bell authority, that the Dumber
•giil. Sir VVilliam Stephenfon, Sir of public oiiices is now double CO
Robert Kite, Samuel 'i'urner,* El'q; what it was in 1740.
Brais Crolby, Elq; Thomas Hali- Five of the eleven capital ^
iax, Efq; James Townfend, Efq; convicts were this day exe- *
and his lady» John SawbriJge, Efq; cuced at Tyburn; the oilier fil
and his lady, and a great number were reprieved,
of merchants with their ladies. It After the execution a great dlf-
is thought there never was fo nu- turbance happened, in confequenec
ineroui and brilliant a company at of a hcarfe being placed near the
the Manf: )n-houre before. gallows, in order to receive the

^ . Oil Thurlday evening a body of Dunk the foldier, whicli
"' ' remiifkabie caufe was tried fume of his comrades imagioiog
before Sir J. Eardly VVilmot, in the was fent there by the furgeons, they
Court ol* Common Picas at Guild- knocked down the undertaker, and,
hall, whcie a travelling dealer in after beating his men, drove of
filks was plainiiH^, and a riding with the body along the New Road»
cuilom houie officer, who lives at attended by a prodigious conccarfe
Darttord in Kent, was defendant, of people, till they came to the
The adlion was brought for the end of Gray*s-Inn-lane, where tbey
defendant (ex officio) ftopp^ng the buried the corpfe, after firft break-
plaintiff on the Greenwich road, as ' ing its legs and arms, and throwing
be was coming to London, and a large quantity of unflacked line
taking his horfc, faddle, bridle, a into the coffin and the grave,
pair of bags, containing iz pieces On Wcdnclday laft came on at
of handkerchiefs, and a large parcel, Wellminflcr. a caufe wherein a
containing 27 pieces of filk ; all maid fcrvant was plaintiff, and her
which the ofHccr took along with miftrcfs defendant ; the adion was
him to Oartf'oid before he ex.i- brought for her miilrcfi ill-creating
mined, a:id fent the poor man to her; when, after a trial of three
town o'l loot. Uii examination, the hours, the jury brought in a vcr-
go(-ii^ appciircd 10 h:ivc been ma- did of 50 I. damages.
nutaC'tJied in Spiiair-cUs. On the La (I v.tek, at a Guild holden at
tri.l it was proved thra the officer J>er«\i(.k, before the worlhipful John
haii uicd the plaintiff* very ill, ar.d Burn, Kfq; Mayor, it w'as ordered,
had (nri-atened to hbw \i'\:, brains that thi^ ficcdom of that corpora-
out —A I icr a full heaiirg on both tion ihould immediately be pre-
fiJes, tile jury lnougiit in a verdict fcnted to the prcfcnt Lord Mayor
for the plain:! if, v^itii fidl value tor of the city of London, and to Sir
all iiib fi.i;-, horc, lui^lc, &c. and Jofeph Ma a bey, IJart.
. 93 1 tor the afi'iuli ; in ail 180I. Col. WcJdeiburn, brother of
iv;:h full colls cfiuic. Counfellor Wcddcrburn^ U ap-

pointed

CHRONICLE.

[73

commander in . chief of
B. the £>& Indift company'*
u BrngaU

a committee for building
Friars bridge, on calling Dp
cipti of ihe toll for the lall
r, it amounted lo the Turn
>oI. per ann. And aa it i)
probable that it will be very
;rably increalciJ on the pal'-
:-eing completed, (here ii a
oTpc^l ihai in a faw yean (he
debt on (he bridge, uhich ta
47,ocol.witl b; difchargcd,
te paCjge made free.

His Majelljr went to the
Houfe of Peers, and gave
yytl iSeat to the lotlo»'ing

t bill for granting an aid to

IijcDy, by a Und-tax to be

in tireat-Britain, for the

! 0! liic prerent year.
: bill (o continue the duciei
lit, mum, cyder and perry,
tlervice of (he preicni year.
! bill to purifh mutiny and
ion, and tor the belter pay-
of the arroy and their quar-

; bill for regulating his Ma-
marine foicei when on Ihore.
: bill to indemnify perfons,

by order of Council, fi.r
Itirg the fpreading of the
'iout difvemper amongll the
i cattle.

; Lill to enable Lcrd George
-.lie, and his iffue male, to
ind ufe ilie fjrname of tier-

purl'i>ir,[ to (he ivill of Lady
ie:n (Jrrmain, deceafed.
j alio to fevcral naturaliza-
ilU.

infortur

who V

:red bv hij wife on 'I hurfdav
I Pitrpole hnc. had his f/.uil
red bj iier in tl.tee pl^icc!.

with a board on which he cot Odt
his work. He wai a clog ftrap-
maker, and ha^ lived very unhap-
pily with the woman ^r fome
(ime ; (he often threatened to mat*
der him, and on Ihe night the hor-
rid aCl was committed, abufed hhn
in a violent manner. It is fap-
pofed Ihe killed him in hii fleep,
a] ihc neighbours heard no noife
after eleven o'clock, and Ihe waked
tAo of thcni about four o'clock
with a complaint, that her poor
hufoand wai dying ; on which they
went to his aliiflance, and finding
him a mo:i (hocking fpectade, im-
mediately charged her with the
tail, nhich, after forae time, Ihe
confeirud.

On Thurfday night five „ .
men went on board the ' ' '
Mary 2nd Ifahdla Well Indiaman.
Cape. Fearloii, in the river, and
were deicdled Healing tobicco, Sic.
The creiv attacked them, llruck
one of I'.e thieves with a hand-
t'pike on the head, and killed him
en the fpoi ; another, in jumpng
lo the boat, fell into the Thames,
and was drowned; the oiher three
tumbled the wounded man into the
boat, but finding him dead threw
him over ; ihcy (hen rowed for the
flairs at Tower Wharf, where they
attempted to land, but the ctau-
rei bein^ called to, he lired at
them, which obliged them to raw
aouf-, and land on the Borough
fide, (rem whence they made their
efcape. The dead body of the fel-
low, who was kilU'd with the hand'
Ipikc, was foon after taken up and
landed on Tower Wharij he ap-
pears to be between 70 and So years
of age, and had on a faiior's
jicket.

On Thurfday the money col-
Icctcd at Liverpool for (he relief

74] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770,

of ihe unhappy fufferers by the
late dreadful 6re ac Antigua, a-
mounting to 346 1. 2 s. 6 d. was
ihipped on board the Favourite,
Capt. Kevifh, bound for the above
iiland.

On Friday an indidment, which
had been removed by art tor art into
the Court of King*s Bench, came
on to be heard befoie Juftice Adon.
The caufe of adion was a nuifance,
of a new complexion. A p-rfon
in the occupation of his trade,
which is that of a feather-bed
maker, was indidled for dillurbing
and annoying his neighbours in
beating the feathers in the (Ireet
within the parilh of Sr. Mary le-
Boi'.e. Several witneflcs were cx-
aini>^cd, and it appeared plainly to
the court, ihat this trade, and
many others fimilar to it, ought
not to be exercii'ed wiihin the
flrcets of the metropolis, and that
they are nuifances, if fo occu-
pied.

A mod alarming thunder-dorm
happened at St. Kcvcn in Corn-
wall, durin? the time of divine
fervicc. The lightning (hivered
the tlecplc, and threw it upon the
body of the church ; the whole
congrcoation was druck with ado-
nidimcnt : many had their cloaths
fin;^cd by the ficrcenefs of the
lightning, and fume their watches
melted.

A number of journey-
men hat-dyers aflembled in
Southward, and took one of their
brother journeymen into cudody,
whom they charged with working
over hours without any more pay,
and for tdking under price. 1 hey
cbligcd him to mount an afs, and
ride through ail the parts of the
^orcugh where hatters are em-

19th.

ployed, and al(b many fire<
the city : A label was carried
a pole before him, deootin
osence ; and a Dumber of
attended with fiiovels, plajjn
rough mufic. At all (hopa
came to in their way of bu
they obliged the men to ftri
order to have their wages raif

In a great political fociet
qacdion relative to the exp
and incapacity of a certain p<
gentleman was finally determ
The numbers on the lad di
were 237 to 159, majority 7
that the expullion, and the
pacity of that gentleman \
cled?d during the prefect P-
are now declared to be lega
conditutional.

The Houfe of Lords have r
the petition of Mungo Cam
now prifoner in the Tolboc
Edinburgh for the murder of
£glington, praying for a w
appeal with regard to the coi
which he diould be tried.

Yedcrday came on in the
Court of Common Pleas,
Wedminder, a remarkable
when an enfign in the arm
plaintiff, and a colonel wi
fendant ; the a^ion was bi
for falfe imprifonment in 1
cola, for giving his opinion
court-martial, agreeable to hi
fcience : when, after feveral V
arguments on both fides, a \
was given for the plaintifi
}oo 1. damages.

Matthew Kennedy and Pa-
trick Kennedy, who, with
Michael M*Mahon and John ]
were indidled for the wilful
der of John fiigby, a watchn
Wedminder- bridge, after a ti
eight hours the two ui;ihapp

CHRONICLE.

[75

ert oaaviAed, and received
nt to be execmrd on Mod*
i atcerwards diflefted.
ntl experienced (erjeantt of
ri->es It Pord'mouih, have
le time p>ft beea^mpoved
airal Elphinllone, in teauh-
1 RtilTian foldicri on b(>ird
t, ihe Eaglifh marine exer-
d minceuvres of fmall armii
renadoei, &c. aloft snd in
■t ; a dirdpline with which
ere heteiofore toiall/ aoac-

enc time*. Every circa mitance ap.
peared fo clear on the whole, that
the defendant was cati in futl da-
ma!-f) and coll.

JV^-o. r^ri, D,!. 18. Ai a meet-
ing of the General Affembly here.'
Mr. Speaker laid before (iic HoutVf
a priniMl pi|jer, which wus de-
livered to him bv ihe Mi.'or'of ihif
city, direfted la ihi b:tr„yt,{ Inha-
bitant, „f NctA, Tori, cmi^iniog

nany refl.f

J upon

of [he Affi;mbly, and (

the

Thii t

ntng > remark- &at\

inhabiLi

induct
ing the

then

ceedingi of (he Houii; ;
jf King't-bench, Guildhall, Gdering thit paper, ilii
Lord Chief Jullice Wilmot; the next day voted it
1 Mr. Duvi], a builder, near ditiaui, and tnfatnous libi
, was plaintif, and offered a reward of

AflV-mbly
fallc, fe-

Plough, matter of the Swan

e, in Salilbury court. Fleet-
defendant. The plaitiiiff',

le lift, lott a bank note of

in Fleei-llreet, and, by pro-
racing ii, difcovered that the

am had changed it at the

for a note of 60 1. and the
calh \ and upoti the plain-

jplying to the defendant f t

periy, he refufed 10 reflore

edging that a perfon had the general
_ P- i_.,-. _i.- I .. !..._. -J here

1 houfe whofe bill came
I crowti, and having 1

hundred
_inunds to any perfon who fliould
difcovcr the author: and likewife
fifty poundi for difcovering the
writer of a hand-bill, which con-
tained many fcandalou) rcfleflions
on the conduA, honuur. and dig-
nity of the Houfe.

Bafltn, Jm. 9. On Thurfday
lall, his Honour, the Lieutenant-
Governor was pleafcd to ifluc a
lam^ition further to prorogue
-t, which was to
ithe 1

, offered hiir
oce. which he

inilant,
to Wednefday the 14.1I1 dav of
Mirch nMl. ill confequence of hij
Miijelly'sejcprefs command received
get changed, and by the lall packet arrived at New-
le came back the man was York.
On the trial it appeared. This day came oti the - ,
ok-note had been found by trial of Mango Campbell ^°^"'
li, who flick billt about the before the Court of Julliciarv at
c. and they carried it to the Edinburgh, for the murder of Lord
mt, who gave them a guinea Eglington, when the libel being
but foon after underllanding found relevant, the priliiner wat
je of the note, (hey threat- found guilty.
he defendant till ihey got This day a refpite came lu Necv-
pouodi from him at diffei- gatCj during hii Majclty'splealurc,
" for

7€] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

for Matthew Kennedy, and Patrick
l^nnedy, who were to have been
executed this morning,
g 1 A motion was made in
the Hoofe of Peers for in-
creafing the navy, on account of
the preparations carrying on by
the neighbouring powers ; but it
paiTed in the negative by a great
majority. It has fince been conh*
ciendy reported, that the court of
Ivladrid has now adluaiiy in readi-
ji^U, three powerful fleets, one al-
ready in the Wert-lndicfs, with
40:0 regular troops at New Or-
K^ans"; the other two icady to a£l
as occafion requires. And it is
likcwii'e certain, that the French
]i^vc a confidtrable force in the
i:landi of Bourbon, ready to fup.
jjort any attempt they may refclve
Lp(;n in the EaH-Indics.

A great number oF officers and
fjoalrcrns p:eicatcd a petition to
iis M«ijcily, pr:i/irig an augmen-
1.1 1 ion 01 their pay, and were gra-
cljufly received.

l he right of eledlion of a mi-
r.:il;r ;o ih: living of Clerkcnuell,
v>as this day adjud^^ed by the iJa-
r )u.s of the Exchequer 10 be in the
iiil.abi^ants paying icot and lot.

This day ca^Ac on the tiial of
£ir i'^anci: BernHrJ, Bait, at the
Cockpit. Whitehall. The articles
prcfcried a!:;ai:iil him were in the
liarnc of the Gcvieral Ailembly of
she j'luvincc of vvhich he was lately
jinvtrixr; but as ih it Aflcmbly
ins never been furtcrLd to fic lince,
tJ.cy ci i.id hot be iup|«>iieJ, and
tiic O.-vcriiur wai hoiiuur^ibly

CAiart J.

'liiis djy ivTurgo Campbell put
an rid 10 his \\'c, by hanging
ttiiiiirll in ilic TolbouLh at LJin-

'ihc flfiions ended a: the Old

Bailey. At this feffion levei
foners, including the two for
der, received judgment of
Thirty- nine were ordered i
tranfported for feven yean,
were branded in the hand, ii:
vately whipt, and ftxteen del
upon proclamation.

They write from Jamaica
(hocking murder lately comi
in that iAand. The wife and
fcer of Mr. Watts, a planter, h
conlpired together, entered ch
band's bed-chamber in Dec<
lad, while he was aflcep, an
wife having attempted to ci
throat with a bill, her at
failed, but the overfeer £i
him at two blows. They
wards cloathed him, and c
him into the woods, where k
found the next day, brought-]
and buried, and it being give
that he had been murdered b;
bers, the widow clothed J
in mourning, and made the
forrowful lamentation. The
fter, however, in going to
ilon, loil hii> pocket* bogk, in
were fome memorandums, tb
to a dilcovery ; and there
fume negroes privy to the m
he was committed to prifon,
and executed ; and the wid
loon to Hiare the fame fate.

A very remarkable pha:nO]
is related in an article froo
land, where, in a ihower o
that happened at Stoipe abo
latter end of December,
living inlccls fell with it, fo
them never feen before ir
neighbourhood.

The 1 rcnch papers fpeak
ren::<rkablc claim made by a
at V^i'is upon the title and
of the famous Count d'Li
who in thj late war >\a^ a p:

CHRONICLE.

[77

andt and went from hit body, which exceeded two thou'

and afterwards command- fand, all active, bold perfons^ waa

»dran in the Well Indies, at Fouro. We expcil tomorrow

IcT it feemi had been bred fiY liuiJred men from N)'an,

e Foundling Hofpiml ; to which, i; it hoped, wilt put a £nai

ernori of which, the old flop tn this unhappy afiir,

.« Father direfled a kit-r Married la;ely, Mr. Jo/5.ih Whi-

(i) deaita, the coniencs of taker, aged 94, to Mi.i Sally Ber-

uthenticated ihe birth and rybridgc, of Peckham, aged 16;

,cy of a child particularly Mr. VVhilakcr i) poffelTed of a

d under their care ; with fortune of 50,000!.

li lion, that the Moiherw.is Die^i, At Hollingbury, in EC-

ean family ; that he, the (ex, Mr. William Salmon, aged

bad married her in hts H4 ; he had married ten wives,

had this child by her, but the lafl of whom furvivei.

•rwudi prevailed on her to At Leigh near Liverpool, Ellia

iAl her connefli^ns ; that Brandwood, aged 102.

fince married a lady of fa- In Ne.v-llrcet, St. Gilei, John

id fortone ; and that it was M'DonaU, a}>cd 108.

■y, in order to conceal his At Great Bivington, in North-

rriage, to commit the child umberland, Eleanor Lawfon, wi-
firft, privately to the care
public ; that upon the evi-
of ihis tetter, a fuit had
immenced, and that it was
ition iu one of their conrts

dow of John Lawfon, aged lOj.

MARCH.

This diy came on at .

Doflors Commons the lb
' *f a Letter /rem Geneva, much lalltcJ of caufe between Lord
daltd Fehaarj 16. and Lady Grofvenor. for the ad-

m\$biUty of a libel, which by the
:rday, at three, a »ery dan- lady's council was admitted, and
feditino broke out in this thereby an end wai put to all fur-
The defign of the perfons ther e.iplanations. An Oider was
led in it was to murder the at the fame time miiiutcJ, that
.and afterward; the bur- leiters, wri. ten mc.Tig^s, and other
■nd then to make them- iniormatio::!, relative lo the af>
nailers of the city. In half fairs of Lord and LaJy Grofvenor,

hcrwife.

r more all had been lull.

ihould on no acc.u,

It bet

r three hundred had already

nicatcd by copi.-s

IT O'

to lire, but did no other

to any perfon v-iC.-pt

f than fiightly wounding a

tn V.-

The alarm was then given,

e general beat. The gar-

ti n

*erc in a moment unJfr

h mcmori.il w.-.' •:

T.-r.'p"

and four of the feiiitioiis laid
jn the fpot. Their main

>ii] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

concurrence of that Coart in a re-
quell to the Lord Mayor to aiTem-
ble a Com men -Hall.

In a field adjoining to Kew, two
gentlemen encouraged by the fo-
ciciy o* Arts and Sciences, have
ercrdeJ a bailJing for the hatch-
inir of various eggs after the
^jyptian manner : ihcir firll at-
tem^ii did not fuccccd, which they
attributed to the dampnefs of the
building. They have often fuc-
cceded in froall quantities by the
heat of dung : but this invention
IS intended to produce fome mil-
lions annually.

, The merchants tradirtg to
S ' America attended the Houfe
of Commons, the motion for the
repeal of the ads of revenue af-
feding the Colonics, being that
day taken into confidcration ; the
duties on glals, red lead, painteri
colours, paper, kc, are to be re-
mitted, but that of tea continued.

The four members for the city
of London, the two Sheriffs, the
city Remembrancer, Sir Henry
Banks, and Mr. Deputy Ellis,
went to the Houfe of Commons
with a peiition againli the bill for
levying a farther doty upon car*
t'lAge^, Sec,

ExtraQ of a Litter from Edinburgh,

A cuVious queftion arofe with re-
gard to the difpofal of the Body of
Mungu Campbell. His fcntence was
to be hangtrd on the nth of April,
and his body thercaficT to be given
to Dr. .Monro for diifcftion. No*v
as he had cJcifldilly prevented the
firft part of the fcntcr.ce, how
could th.it part of it comVquent to
the nth of April take pKicc ? It
was argued, that his havinp^ com-
Bitted fuiwidc, was a iuiiicicnt

caufe for his body beiag at t
pofal of the magiftrates of
burgh, and fenc to Surgeon
but as we have lio coroner i
land, the fuicide could not
ceruioed. The refulc is,
lations are allowed to in
body.

This day there was a ve
numerous common-hall of tl
Livery of London, purfuan
precept ifTued for that purpof

iiCtters from Paris, of tb
of lafl month, informs us,
council of (late has been held,
authorifes the Duke de CI
the prime minifler and fecre
Hate, to afTure the foreign co
letter, that all the engag
and contrails, made by thi
with foreigners, (hall be
fully acquitted by Mr*
de Ealue, who will be pi
^with the neceflary funds f
purpofe.

At a meeting of a %tz
number of the eledlors
Weftminfter, at the Standa
vern in Leicefter- fields* i
moved to follow the exau
London, by prefenting a \
to his Majeity ; and a con
of twelve was appointed t
it up.

bome villains attempted xx
into the houfe of Mrs. Gol
in Northumberland (Ireet,
Strand ; but the family be
larmed, Mrs. Goldihorp
h&d th: courage to fire
rogues, wounded one, wl
afterwards fecured by the
man, but the rell made tl
cape. Houfe-breaking in '.
wsj never known to be fo fr
Icidoni a night palnng bu
houfe or other is entered ai
bed. The gang, as is (ai<

CHRONICLE. t79

a fet of deTperate Thi» day died at hi* (loofe j^
iellow*, among whom are in greac Portland -ftreei, Wil- '
oilhs, joiocrti carpenters, Uam Guthrie, Efq j a feDtlcroan
makers, and builderi, a- well known for his nnmeroua lite
iion no locki or bari can rary produdi&ni.
urity. ADoutthiee in the morn- ,
A^illiam Matthias wai exe- ing, the Cbefter mail wis "'"'
arfnant to his fentence at robbed between London and If-
affixes, for poifaning lingion, by a fingle highwayman,
. William, and Elizabeth who has fince been detected in ne-
■ad Elizabeth Emerfon, gociating a bill, the payment of
It, by mixing arfcnic with which had been Hopped on tbe
tier. firft nrws of the mail being. rob-
noming between ten and b«d. He is a Cnglc man, had jnfi
o'cloclti t moll dreadful taken a grocer's Ihop, and wai
ke OHt at Slurtly, half a foon to have been married,
tun Bugden in Hunting- Her Majefly dropped one of her
\ In lefs than an hour ear-iingi at court, and tho' the
»piial farm houfes, with mod dcligent fearch was inllantl/
ut-hoafei, ftacki of corn, made for it, the fearch proved
re intirety confumed. The fruiclefs ; a foreign gentleman ^
raging at the lame time in diOinflion was fecn to ftoop, but
parts of the place. There it was, he faid, to pick up bis
•reat want of water, and no flee ve button.
;ine nearer than St. Nrot's Friday morning a dreaful fire
liles) and before it could broke oat in ihe hofpital of Beth-
be whole of that beaa:irul lehem, and burnt fo furioufly, that
with moft of the gra- the firemen were obliged to break
ftaclu, barns, tec. were though the roof to releafc the un-
to aOie*. This dreadtiil happy people in the upper part of
occafioned by the careleff- the houfe.

ft feivant girl heating an Extter, March 8. Laft Monday

' evening, between the hours of

rday all the fliipi bills pot up eight and nine, the grand mail,

Mew-England cofiee-honle, from London, was flopped near

:a I parti of Norih America, the five mile ftone, between Honi-

Icen down and burnt. ton and Exeter, and robbed of the

Talbot Eaft Indiaman, Sir Ottery bag, containing letters, and

Hudfon, now clearing at about 3s. 6d. in money, by tivo

lit, was fodillrefled for freib foot-pads, one of whom prefenied

11 in her palTage home, as a piltol to the boy's breafl, while

bliged to kill every thing the other took away the bag.

on board; among other They were both tall men, one of

a beautiful male and fe- whom wore a light-coloered frock,

lOffaloe from Madagafcar ; and the other a Ihort jacket of a

iir Charles inicrded as a lighiifh colour. They lik<!wife

for Mr. Alhby, a North- took from the boy, two fhilling*

(hire geatlcraBD. and his hat;

The

to] ANNtJAL REGISTER, 1770.

, The Lord Mayor ofLon-

^ ' don, properly attended, wait-
ed upon his Majeily, with an ad-
drefs, remonOrance, and petition.

Jt was debated whether the ex-
portation of wheat (hould be per-
mitted, but rejcded by a great
majority.

, , This day his Majefty went
'°^"' to the Hoiife of Peers, and
gave the royal alTenc to the follow-
ing bills.

ihe bill to continue an ad for
allowing the free exportation of
tallow, hogs-lard, and greafe^ for
a rurth(r limited time.

A bill for better regulating and
employing the poor in the pariih
of St. Paul, Shadwell.

The bill tor better regulating
the navigation of the river Trent,
from WilJen Ferry, in the coun-
ty of Derby, to Gainfborough in
Lincolnfhire.

And alio to fevcral road, inclo-
fure, and naturalization bills.

The following flate of Mr.
Wilkes's aifairs was publilhed by
the fociety for fupporting the Bill
of Rights.

London Tavern, March 13, 1770.

Supporters of the Bill of Rights.

William Tookc, Efq; in the
Chair.

An account of Mr. Wilkes's af-
fairs having been this day laid be-
fore the lociety, it appeared that
(fioce the eftiSiifnmcnt tiicrcof on
February ao, 1769) there have
been paid by the voluntary iub-
fcriptions of thU fociety,

To Mr. Wilkei for /. /. d.

his fupport - • icoo o o
To ditto for his firll

fine • • . 5C0 o o

To the expences of his
three laft eledions
for Middlefex - 1704

To compromife 1434.5I.
15s. 8d. of his debts 4198

7403

Debts of Mr. Wilkes

remaining to be
com pro mi fed - 5445
And a fecond fine to
be paid of - - 500

5945
No money has hitherto bee

plied by this fociety to any

purpofe whatever.

The ca(h now remaining
treafurcr's hands is 776I. 61

N. B. 7I49I. 6s. 2d. of
Wilkes's debts appear to hav«
incurred by his having been
rity for other perfons.

On Wedncfday morning
lad, about one o'clock, fome
delperate perfons broke into
bury gaol (which they efFe£l
forcing a paffa^e through th(
and releafcd Berry and T
two prifoners capitally coc
at the lall aiTize there.

'^I'wo Rf/clutions were paflei
the prefcntation of the ci
drefj : The firft. That the <

ing the prefcnt to be i

and that its afls are not va
unwarrantable, and mai
tends to dillurb the peace
kingdom. The fecond, Tl
convey fuch unwarrantable
trine;, under the fpecious pi
of a petition, is a grofs and
fell abulc of th- undoubted r
the ful)jc:t to petition the cro

£.v/r.7i7 cf a Letter from Portj

Wc have an account fpr
bcuk hc^c liom on board ni

CHRONICLE.

[8.

Hoop Merlin , cdncernine
k of the hie Captain O'Ha-
: be wu not murdered by
ten as wii reported, but
died & natural death. The
is as followi . When he
U the place, the Captain
p the river in ■ tender pro-
>t that purpufe, with rwivel .
id fniall arms, and anchor'
.10 z or 300 yards of the
that Capt. O'Hara, and
£x of his people, wcrt on
a the tender's fmall boat,
orderi with the people on
0 be in readinefs with their
id rmall arms to fire in cafe
attacked by the natives,
Bu to be made known 10
ly the firing uf a piltol as
i (qt their Are. As Toon as
»ain landed he was received
by the Moors. He told
e was come by order of the
bis aafler, to find that
ind likewife to fix the Bri-
{ (an EngliOi jack which he
. with him from his own
v that purpofe) on an old
fort which ihey had : he
; by that intend the leaft
They did not Icem to re-
fixing the colours on that.
id made a little bulUc a-
; however they feemcd paci-
id aflced the Captain, ifihc
lU mailer, bad lent them
efcDts ! He replied in the
ire : and that if fome of
oald go on board the ten-
would fhew them the pre-
on which a multitude of
rowded to the beach in or-
UuDcb their boats, or ca-
lat were out of the water,
on board, which the com-
g OiEcer on boiud the leu-
XIII.

der obferving, and thinking that
they were coming to feize the ten-
der, and not feeing the Captain
amongft them, iitimediately gave
them all bi* fire of fwiveli and
fmall-arms, which killed near
twenty of the natives; then he
llipt or cut his cable, and mads
off. The Moors on this direfUf
attacked the Captain and bis peo-
ple, and wounded him lligbtlf
before he delivered up hit fword.
The Captain and his people were
then made prifoners, and carried
up the country. The Moors were-
fatiified when they found the Cap-
tain was not to blame. The poor
Captain was feized with a fever in
a few days, and for want of pro-
per care, and with grief and dif-
appointment, he died in lefs than
a week. Had he furvived, he
would have been taken to Sene-
gal, as his people were o

Officer in the tender heard a piftol
fired as a fignal; others conira-
difl it: be it as it will, fome fa-
tal miltalce was the caufe of thia
poor gentleman's deflruftion.

This dav the right honour- ,
able the Lord Mayor gave a
molt Iplendid cr.icitainment at the
Manfion-houlc to a very nume-
rous though a {('<& number of
perfons of bo;h houfes of parlia-
ment. The Egyptian hall was
illuminated in the moll elegant
manner, wiih new chandeliers,
and other illuminations, which
fu:paflVd all drf'cnption.

Amongll othtr loyal and patri-
otic toatls, the following, alter
fikncc (or each was proclaimed by
found of trumpet, we/p drank,

[£.■] ..d

tal ANNUAL HEGISTER* 1770.

»fid the pieces of mafic performed
with the otmoil elegance and ap-
probation.

May true religion and virtue
ever flourifh and abound.

Health and long life to oar fo-
vereign lord the king.

Coromatiom Jntbim hj Mr. Handel.

Health and long lift to our gra-
ciooi queen 9 and all the royal fa-
mily.

May happinefs and glory be the

portion of his Majefty, his family
and people.

Profperity to the city of Lon- •
don.

Grand martial pita hj Mr. Ruth.

May jnftice and wifdom govern
all the public councils.

May the fundamental liberties
of England be ever revered and
defended.

May the noble aflfertors and pro-
testors of Englilh liberty be had
in perpetual honour.

Full piece hj Mr. Rufh.

May the violators of tTie right
of elci^ion and petition againfi
grievances be confounded.

Mav the wicked be t.Jccn from
before the king, that his throne
may be eilablilbed in righicouf-
nefs.

Overture by Mr. Handel.

May corruption ceafe to be the
meafure of government.

May the fpirit of the condicu-
tion prevail over fecret and undue
inP.Jcnce.

May perpetual union, focial li-
berty, and univerfal juftice prevail,
and render happy the whole Bri-
cilh empire.

May the commerce of this city

and kingdom^ with tht colonkfc
flourifh for ever.

FuBpiict tf Mr* Rufli.

While the truly noble compiaf
were at dinner, they were ferraad- ,
•d by the moft excellent band tt]
mufic which could be procored ia'
this kingdom, and which was cm*'
duded by Mr. Rnlh. In a worft
it was nniverfally allowed to ef>
ceed any thing of the kind ever
given by a private geotlemaa ia
this kingdom.

The ball was opened aboat tn
o'clock, by the Duke of Devon-
(hire and the Lady Mayoreft ; de
dancing continued till half pal
four in the morning ; and be-
fore five the whole company left
the Maniion-houfe, greatly pleat
ed with the grandeur and elegaocf
of the entertainment, as well as tbl
order and rtfgularity with which it
was conduded. The compaif
was fo numerous, that the wai
long tables in the« Egyptiaa-haO
were not fufficient to accommodalt
them all. it is faid, that 6o9
diilies were ferved ap.

Lid of the Company.

Dukes of Richmond, BoItoBt
Devonshire, Portland, Mancbeflcr,
Northumberland.

Marquiffes of Rockingham^ aad
Granby.

Earls of Piercy, Huntingdon,
Sud'olk, Berkley, Abingdon, Ply-
mouth, Scarborough, Albemar!t«
Coventry, Tinkerville, Effing*
ham, Fit'/william, Temple, Bd**
borough, Shelbume, Corke, Doa*
negal, Vcrney, Ludlow, Fife.

Lords Robert Sutton, George
Cavendifh, Frederick Cavendi&#
John Cavendiih, Abergatcany,

Craven*

CHROKICLEi

w; MoaGM, ForMTciK,
dtoo, Cuadca, Archer,

V>3

, Hereford, Torring-
Ut Domat,

John Delatal, Joka

George Siville.

lebnwk, JoTeph Miw-

'ge To Huge, TboniM

Edward Winniogion,
naderi, Robert Clty-
u Vincent, William
. Edward Afhley, Wil-
itli, PicrC7 Brett, Mat.
U Vfrtj.

Anderibn; Adam),
tabrer, Allen, Baker,
ley, Betbel, Brickdale,
Mel. Burke, Bvnge,
Calrcrt. Calcraft,
CoUcraft, Cornwall,

Darner, Dawlciu,
[>o«ctcfwelI, Dunning,
, Fletcher, Frankland.
aves, Gnj, Garth,
regory, Orovei. Gren-
ai, Grenville Henry,
eaot, Haispden, Ha-
ward, Hope, Hoban,
ey, jenin) Col. Kep-
J, Keppel General,
,arcell« Daniel, St.

Luiher, Mack worth,
oger. Millei, Norrii,
nant, Pophain, Pow-
Putieney, Roll, Rufh-
nr, Scrope, Scawen,

Sheriff, Scddamore,
m, Tempell, Townf.
■, Townfend The
rccothick Alderman,
Vallb, Wolfinghaoi,
Weft, Whaielec.
Bmie, Bailer, Jan.
Iton, Clarke, Crelb/,
. H.inbury, General
. Lcman, Moniagae,
lafgrave, Alexander

Popfaam, Capb Ptnppl, Plnmer,
George PaaUt, Pratt, Skipwidi,
Thorntoa, Tnroer, Richard Whit-
wonb.

Several perfon* had their %iB-
daw* broken at night by the a<Ar,
for not itlnminatinr their boafei,
particularly tbofe o? Mr. Barda/,
oppofite Bow Chnrch in Cheap-
fide, were very mach demtrfilhcd,
lb that it wai neccllary to take o^
the remains of the rilh-framet from
fix windowi. Mr. Barclay, whek
hit hoafe was attacked, lent oac
two of hti fervanti to go amongft
the nob, and to fix apon any per-
Jbni they law throwing ftonet a-
gainft bii windowi, and not tO
lean diem nnttl they got intclll-
^oce where they might be fqond ;
in coareqaence of tbefe orders t«ni
perfoai were tbls day taken befbfv
the Lord Mayor, and a propoTal
wai made to pay the damage, bat
Mr. Barclay refufed to accept the
offer, faying that he came for juf-
tice on the offenders, and not far
the damage he bad received ; on
which they were both /cot to the
Compter.

Her grace tha Dntcheft of
Norihamberland, in croffing the
channel from Dover to Calais,
very narrowly efcaped being
drowned. By the violence of the
waves, the cords which lalhed ber
chaife to the velfrl were burll, and
bad ic not immediately been dif-
covered the next returning fea
woald have carried her grace over
board. She was on her journey to
ihe conrt of Vienna, to b^prefent
at ih= nnptials of thearch-dutchef),
n-ith the dauphin of France ; boc
being driven back, and with the
utmoil hazard landrd near Folk*
Hone, her grace'* defign has been,
fni Orated.

84] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

The tivo Kennedys, who were fubverfion of all Uwfiil tfatlioritf#
condemned the lall felTions for the At the fame time tfpcrfing aad
murder of Bigby the watchman, calumniating one of the braadict
have received the King's pardon, of the legiflatore, and cxprefily
on condition of being tranfported denying the legality of the preim
for life. parliament, and the validity of in

The perfon who robbed the proceedings.
Cheiler mail lad week in the City At a court of adiftanu of tkt
road, was taken into cullody on goldfmith's company, the fbl-
Wednefday, on his firft attempt to lowing refolations were agrcc4
put off a fmall bill on MclTrs. Bal- to.

dero and Co. facing the Manfion- The right hon. the Lord Mayor.
houfe. having iflued precepts for fiia- '

The above man was carried be- moning the livery of this city to
fore the magirtrates in Bow-ilreet, meet at Guildhall on Toefday A|
when the poll-boy, Daniel Wheeler, 6th inft. to confider of a further
fwearing to his perfon, he was com- application for redrefs of grie^
mitted to Newgate. It is laid he ances, at which meeting a omI
hadjufl taken a houfe in Biihopf- indecent remonftrance was order-
gate-flreet, in order to carry on ed to be prefented to hb Ma*
the bufinefs of a grocer, and had jefty ;

laid in a quantity of goods in that Refolved and ordered, chat for
way: and was on the point of be- the future the wardens of this ooo*
ing married to a tradefman's pany do not fummon the liverf
daughter in that neighbourhood, thereof, to attend at any meetiog
On fearching the prifoner's hcufe in the Guildhjll, (except for du
lad night, bills of exchange to purpofe of eledlions) without tk 1
the value of 300 1. and a great exprefs approbation or confeat of ^
number of letters taken out of the this court. ;

nail, were found. He pretended There was a general court ,• 1
that a perfon had given him the of the Eafl India company,
bills, kc. to difpofe of, but could at their houfe in Leaden-hall-
not tell his name. llreet, as by adjournment, for tht

1 A joint addrefs of the lords determination, by b.iilot, of iba
^ ' and commons in parliament foliu.viag qucftion :
atTcmbfcd, relative to the city re- 'I li.u the dividend on the ca^
monftrancc. was this day prefent- t.il llock of thii company, ibr the
ed to his Majeily, exprcllin^ the half year, commencing at Chrift-
dccpeft concern on feeing the ex- mas lall, and ending at Mid-
crcife of the fubjects undoubted fummer next, be ac fix per
right of petitioning the throne, cent.

f ) grofsly perverted, by being ap- The balloting began at eleven
plied to the purpofe, not of pre« oVlock in the forenoon, and coa-
ferving, bat of overturning the tinned till fix in the evening, whem
conftitution, and of propagating an hour being taken up, as afoaU
do^rtnes, which, if generally a- by the fcrutincers, in adjulting tht
dopted, mud be fatal to the peace numbers, at feven o'clock the poll
of the kingdom, and tend to the was declared as follows :

For

CHRONICLE.

lU

BtieftioD —
UM queftion —

138

Fr*nlitri if Italy, Fth-
Emperor, in hig laie
Italy, had a long con-
t Forli with the Count
'apini, who did not, at
know hit Imperial
leing afieriwdj tDrorin-
honour which he had
rate to the Emperor,
;cired the following an-

Jwayi reflcAwiih plea-
lear Papini, on [he in-
lich I had wiih you in
rough Forli, and the
d which yoa was pleaf-

tne on that occaCon.
)ID and candour wiih
talked to me, will not

to doubt th(! finceriiy
■enti exprelTcd in your
- of the firft or Decem-

all the happy paflagei
nouaced. Thcfe fenii-
iBOwed to rae at a time
nok me for a private
ud no rufpidon of that
ly digaiiy to which it

the divine I'rovidcnce

The enconiiunn la-

I*, and all [he ihingi

tre unhappily addreflVd

to our rank than to our
efervc for ir.e ihit af-

dear Papini ; and lie
that I Oiall be ibrely
roa do not, in me, ef-
>aD ! a title fupcrior to

frph prefert being be-

thofc ODtward proceda-

all ibolc bomagei.

which are continually beftowed on
the Emperor. Believe then, that
the fame feniimeDta will ever aai-
maie me. I .pray God to keep
yon in his holy proteAion.

Ai Finnm, this firft day tfjm-
nry, f?7o. (Signed) JosiFH.

Ram, Fth. 14. A courier ar-
rived lad night from Liflxin, with
ihe news of the death of the new
Cardinal de Mcndonza.

Wa« held a meeting of .s.i,
the eleaori of WeAminfter,
when a remonflrance wai nnani-
moufly agreed to, and in led than
half an hour prefented to hit Mt-
jeQy, by Sir Robert Bernard, Mr.
Consell, Mr. Charlci Martyn,
and the Rev. Dr. Wilfon. Hi*
Majefly received, and immediately
gave it to one of the lords in wait-
ing, without fpeaking a word.
The multitude on thr-ir return met

with the S— r of the H— of C

in hit ftate coach, whom they grofly
infulied with groant and hilTingi,
but offered no violence to hu per*
fon or carriage.

At a court of afliflants of the wea-
vers company, like refolutioni
were pa (Ted with tliore already
mentioned.

The alTizes ended on the crown
tide at Hereford, when nine prj-
foners were tried for the murder
of William Powell, Efq; fix of
whom received fentence of death*
and were ordered lor execution,
and their bodies to be diflVdcd ;
but two were afterward ordered
to be hung in chains near the
place where the murder was com-
mitted i and ihrec were actjuitied.
The names of thofe left for execu-
tion were William Spiggol, David
Lewellin, Charles David Morgan.
William Morris. William Walter
Evan, and David Morgan. This
[C] 3 trial

86] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

trial lifted from feven in the morn-

lAg till eight at oight.

leghorn, FtS. 22. The Rudian

then of war^ the three Primates of

74 guns and 700 men, and the

Providence of 4.8 guns and 450

men, are arrived here.

The 17th inft. we had the moft

dreadful ilorm that has been fjnce

the year 1752 in tbefe parts; all

the vefTels which were in the road

were obliged to cut their cables,

and run aground againft the Tow-
er of Morzocco. Among them is

the RulTian frigate the roftillion,

who loft her rudder, and was much

damaged ; they defpair of getting

her afk)at again. Moft of the

roofs 01 the hcufes were blown off,

and tfie chimnirs thrown down.

The fea was fo high, that the Pier

was intirely covered ; the Flotas

were driven even on the Terrace

before the old Fort. In fttort, many
Slips have been wrecked on thi«
coaft as well as on that of Sicily.

Paris, March 10. The come-
dians at Bourdeaux have been
committed to prifon by the Par-
liamrnt there, for advertidng the
reprefentation of a piece, called
the Hoaeft Criminal.

1 This day his Majefty went
^ to the Houle of Peers and
gave the royal afiient to the fol-
lowing bilU, viz.

The bill fur raifmg 1,800,000].
by loans on Exchequer bills, iur
the fer vice oi the prelcnt year.

The bill for allowing the ex-
portation of malt ior a limited
time.

The bill for applying the fum
granted for ch^ pay and doathing
of his Majefty '& militia forces for
this year.

And alio to feveral road^ inclo*

fure, nataralization^ and
bills.

At a court of affiftanU
of the grocers company, held
at their Hall, the loUowiog
lutions were agreed to ;

The right hon. tiie Lord
having iil'ued precepu for
monjiig the livery ot this
meet at Guildhall on Tucld
6(h inft. to confider o^ furti
plication for redrtts ofgriei
which gave exigence t^) a
iniitled. The humble addre
roonftrance and petition
Lord Mayor, aldermen and
of this city, which was 01
and afterwards prefented
Majefty.

Reiolved, That this con
tirely difapproves of the d
per, being fully perfnade
his Majefty 's people, as wel
parliament, will rejed wt
dain every infidinus fuggel
thofe ill defigning . men, w)
in reality, undermining th
lie liberty, under the fpecio
tenc<» of zeal for its prefer
and therefore look upon it 1
cent, and highly diirefpe^
his Majefty's perfon and d
injurious to the fupremc ai
of pailiament aflembled, a
warrantable, as it tends to
the happy conftitution 1
kingiiom.

Keiolved and ordered, 1
the future no warden of th
pany do fummon the liver)
to attend at any meeting
Guildhall cf this c<iy (eac
the purpofe of eleAions)
the expreis order of this coui
1 he proftftbr of anatom)
ed his courfe of Icdnrcs t
ion at the Royal Ai

t

CHRONICLE.

W

^fcoBt which he Jhewed great here, and Edwnrd ; they ira moft*
•a in wlapting them parti- 1y w«ll preferVed and very legible)
<f to the art! ofdefign, and the inrcriptioni on man)' of then
at parpole haJ one of the are, Civitai LtnJen. Civiimi Ctint,
a of the Acidemy prcfent, Civitat Abtrdiu, What is rcfnark-
w at oac view ihe appear- able, there hag been an old uadi-
rf the mardei wiih ami wiih- tion current aoiong the coDnii7
be fkia, and the different people there, that a coniiderabw
they afliime when pnc in ac- treasure in poti liei concealed in
Among other general ob- that neighbourhood, and a for-ner
ioQs h: diicoarled on ihe difcovery in the fame parilb feeiof
eat proporcioni of diffetenc to jaBify the conjcfiure.
and the propriety and liineft Leiten from Leghorn declare,
ery part to inlwer the end that a Rnflian frigate bad arrived at
led, and gave it ai hii opi- Malta with the Marqaij de Caval-
thai the idea of beiuiy tvai cabo, who prerented ihe Grand
jaea^ and not attended to Mailer with a letter fioiD (he Em-
« (bmacioii of the human pref* of Ruffii, in which fhe re-
quelled, that all her vefleli might
be admitted into ihe portj of that
Order, and that the Mahefe fquv-
dron would join her fleet ; but that
the council had rclolved only to
'iree or four Kufliin veSe.'t
r pom at a time, and by
* to make thcmfelves par-
le prefent dilpuie beiween
her Imperial Majedy and the
Pone.

On the 14th of March, a new
The wind, which had eruption of Mount Vefuviui broke
northerly for a moinh before, out wiihin an hundred yard) of the
oly ftiified 10 the fo^ihwelt, crater, on the fide of Pompeii, frcm
ereat part of the town mult whence iffued a lava of about a
been dcitroyed. Thit i* the mile* in length, and 1,700 pacei
i fire which hai happened in breadth ; at [he lame time that
ia ihc I'pace of a few two votliei offtonet, lome not lefi
bi. man a ton weight, were thrown

out of the crater 10 a very confi-
dcrable height. The lava ha) not
yet reached the cuttivaied parts of
Nonle, the meant.

■\x\ a A coort martial was held in
. focti Portfniouth hubour, for the t

very BBineroai body of Mid-
: freelMldera met at the bA
y-foom. Mile-end, where
iHraice wai read by h
r Sawbridgc, and only one
waa held op againQ it.
if morning, at two o'clock,
tlaocholv lire broke oat at
n in Wililhire, which <
I &x or feven dwelling- houles,
rt feveral uoik Oiupi

fc« Aii% ago, a
ng to Mr. tlervie,

Scotland, diggin
,int .0 hi. ■,.«
rered an e»ilii<n |

of ch: fane, :

of Brour

the lurface of the grn
itiiiig J

indrd
liied for C-pt.

of :tic reigoi of Patid, Ro- gentleman went on fltote en t
[G] 4

88] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

coaft of Africa ; when, aficr a trial
of fix hours, he whs acquitted.

Married lately, Mr, Humphreys,
a farmer at Beckingiiam in Kent,
to Mifs Parrier, of the fame place,
with a fortune of icoool.

Died, Mrs. Gordon, a maiden
lady, who has left a confiderable
fum to build an hofpital tor indi-
gent old maids.

At Caiuerbury, the Rev. Mr.
Monins Eaton, reftor of Ring-
would, and vicar of CharUon»
near Dover ; he has left a fortune
, of 30,000 1. which devolves to his
brother, a lieutenant in the army*
and his filler, a maiden lady.

Fri. Morriss aged 108, at New-
caHle.

James Kearney, in Ireland, aged
115. He lately had a daughter
married, aged 15.

ift.

APRIL.

A Fire broke out at Wil-
liamilead within three
miles of Ht*dtord, occ:ifioned by a
chimney taking fire, which com-
mjnicated the flames to the roof,
and notwithiUnding all poflible
aflift.ince was had, a whole row of
h'>ufes, twenty-fix in number, were
entirtly confumcd.

Lad Tuefday C2me on at
Chi! m ford alfi/.es, before Mr.
Baron 6 my the, two ciuli-s ag;iinil
RavJIngs, Lyctu, VVaiil, Ucw,
and J ncs, Ciulom-nouic OiHccrs,
for forci'.g ihcmrcivcs into the
h'>ure o{ a lady in the paiiih of
KiSlK'im, raniacking the fame,
atfuul ing thj lady in her own
dw llinp, as well as her v fi ors»
and otii^r enormities, becaufe
tlic'c was no prohibited booty for
them ; when two vcrdicls were

found again ft the brutal* iUegll
fearchers, with confiderable CMf
ma^cs and cofts of fuits in boll
actions.

Was committed to GoilM
gaol, by the Kev. Dr. Burdea^ a
RufP.an foldier» on fufpicion tt
cominiiting a murder on the body
of a woman at whofe hoafe ke
lodged I at F.(hcr in Surry, by cat*
ting her throat. The woman wai
not more than twenty years of age.
and was murdered in her bcd» Imt
young child, about two montki
old, lying by her.

On Ff iday the plough for mak*
ing trenches for drains, brooghc
out of Suffolk, and invented by
one Makings a poor farmer, was
tried at Upton, near Stratford, oa
the grounds belonging to Mr.
Pearce, before a committee of tke
Society of Arts, Sec. It cut. in ihi
fpace of thirty -four minutes, a 000-
plete trench of about eighteeo it-
ches deep, two inches and an half
broad at the bottom, and of tk
length of fix hundred and Cxty feci t
executed in a manner that cannoc
be eifeded by the fpade. even widi
any degree of labour. The face
ufcd for this performance was that
of fix horfes, managed by two men,
and without any greater flraia
than woold have permitted then
to have done a full day's work. It
is computed, that by this means.
trenches for dole drains may be
cut at three tarthings a rod, or
cr.iii'tdcrably lefs, wnere the work
of men and horfes are cheap.

Extrail of a Letter from Portjimiitt,
Afjrii 2.

Ye(l:*rday the RuiYian Admiral's
(hip of eighty-four guns, failed oat
of the harbour and faluted the

EngliOl

CHRONICLE.

[8,

Admiral. Molt of the lb-
iniflen, except the French,
ui to Spiihcid in tht< ibip,

'.gly pltik-J. By
iiOTis rtdmira: Elchinflnn.-
; ill till Ihip, Ihe it Ujsca
be t'(;u-l <u any Clip at

Thii day the King wns

nd

>Ie^i<

; Wiliiam-K-. -y,
ijcRy'i tbi'd Ibn, »iih i^n;
.O* the moll ancient and molt
Drdcrol ineThi'le.
royal highnefi being pre-
lo (he Sovereign by the two
Knif-htJ, and kneeling down,
erald drew ihc fwuid, and
ing) delivered it to the So'
n, who clicreupon knighted
oyal Hif hnels ; ihrn the
, having kilTcd his M.->j^n>'i
tole up; uhich done, Gieen
having received the grctn
, «iih the fymbol oi the
banging to ii) prefented ihe
koeeling) to [be Sovercigp,
1 velvet ctilhton, who put
iboii over the Prince's left
:t, and then, kneeling down,
in kifled his MajtllyS hind ;
done, the Prince tole up,
iking a low

} a/ a Inter from Paris,

erday the court again Tent
prcft lo Holland, charged
nil of exchange to the value
ao.coo ot livrei, deJlined to
Ji- engagement* contrafled

Sieur de Biilue, the King'j
. 'Ihefe different rcmit-

amount, it ii believed, to
J.CiCOjOOo livres.

Letters from Detroit (by Moq-
day'j New York mail) inform us,
thic licveral boati with goods had.
been feventy days in croling Lake
Erie ; in which time tbe diltreb
of tbe pi'ople was fo great, that
they had been obliged to keep ititt
human bodiei, which they found
uiburied upon the Ihore, in otdtr
to colleA and kill tlie ravens and
eagles that came to feed on them,
lur their fubliltcnce. Many other
boars have bren frozen up within .
loriy mile* of Detroit ; and feveral
traders fmall boat:, tvith goods,
bad been loft.

CaJix, Marrb S. By letters front
Mexico, we have an account of the
deaths of the Abbe d'Auieroche.
and one of ihe two officers oF the
Spanijh marine, who had failed
with that genileman lo the illand
of California. 'Ihey fell lick, wiik
every one who accompanied them,
on the 4ih of June, the very day
after they h^d tiijJc .heir oltfervi-
tion of liie Ttanfit ot Venm over
Ihe Sun. I'his obrervatton, ac-
cording to the fame Ic'teri, wai
made with all polCble advantage,
Ihc day being extremely fine, and
the air remarkably leiene We
learn, moreover, that the Sicur
Paly, the famous geographer, who
was among thofe who fell ficfc.
happily arrived on ihe I4'h of 0«o-
ber, at Port St. Blalle, in the While
ilea, with all thofe uhii had the
good foitL-ne to eicape ihc epide-
mic d^fe»fc wiih which they were
viiited. Much is expected from
the iiiccefs cf the oMtrvavion,
which was the grand cbjctt of tbe
voyage of thrl'e allronomcri.

Came on at lCi(i,!iion, be- , .
fore Mr. Juftice BlatkHone. ^■''■
the lamcus CHuir between me Kight
Hon. Ciecr^c Oa.l;,w, and the Rev.

90] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

Mr. Horne> for two letters pub-
lifhed the 14th and 28th of July
Jait. The aflion wai brought
againfi Mr. Home for 10,000 1,
damages. The trial lafted about
an hour and a half, when Mr.
Onflow was non-fuited. It is fop-
pofed the expence to Mr. Onflow
will amount to at lead 1500 I.

The Durham, Cumberland, and
Northumberland petitions for re-
drefs of grievances, were prefented
to his Majefly at St J :imes'i>, and
received, but no anlwer was re-
turned ; they were given to the
lords in waiting.

, The Synagogue of the Jews,
^ ' in order to ftiew the delega-
tion in which the b'?dy of them
hold fuch pradices of their wicked
brethren, have advertifed a reward
for a dccedion of all fuch as are
guilty of receiving (lolen goods.

Lall Week as Mr. Harding*s men
were plowing in his grounds at
Tottenham, the plough ttruck ra-
ther lower than common in the
earth, and turned up ^ large quan-
tity of broad pieces of gold of
James I. and Charles 1. quite frefli,
as if juft coined ; fome men dug
afterwards with a pitchfork, and
threw up at one flroke 18 of the
above pieces, alfo a horn with fome
filver at the bottom; the whole
amounting to upwards of 70 1.
value.

, The Middlefex petition, re-
^ ' monilrance, and adJrefs. was
prefented to his Majcfty at St.
James*s, by MefTrs. SawbriJge and
Townfend, flierifFs for the county,
which was received and given to a
lord in waiting, but no anfwer fe-
turned.

The petition from the county of
Kent was alio prefented to his Ma-
jetty by John Cakra^t, Efq; mem*

ber for Rochcftefj and fome

gentlemen.

A general meeting of the Saip
India Company was held at Ptei^
when the dire£lors gave an accooc
of their proceedings, by which ihi
impoflibility of compounding thdr
debts, and continumg their tradi
appeared, and it was propofed m
put their whole effeds into th
hands of the king.

This day, about one o'dockp
S:ephen Gregory, a Ruflian, w«
executed at EOier, in Surry, ^
mi J 11 a great number of fpeda*
tori, for the murder of Mri. Heroe.
He was attended at the place ef
execution by the Ruilian Ambaf-
fa.lor's chaplain, to whom he coa-
feffed the murder, and died fciy
penitent. He had been a lodger
in the houfe, and waa fafpeded bjr
Mrs. Heme of intending to rob
them, which (ht informed her hvf*
band of, who turned him cot of
his houfe. It is foppofed he €oa<
mitteii the murder out of revenge:
lie attempted to conceal hinUUf
in the hotfe the night before, t^
the man and his wile were fnm
home, but was prevented by feme
neighbours uho had charge of it
in their abfence. The morning
the ihocking affair happened, Mr,
Heme left his wife in bed aboet a
quarter afi^r fix, to go to Lord
Clime's garden to work ; he left the
door of his houle u- locked, which
was ohfcrvcd by the villain, who
immediately ^ent up to her cham-
ber, and cut her throat in a moft
dreadful manner, fo as nearly to
fever her head from her body, thea
laid her on the floor, covered her
ui h the bed-cloaths, left the young
child naked in bed, rifled ihe
drawers, and m^^Je his efcape. The
poor woman njt being up fo iboa

H

CHRONICLE.

In

iiifaa].h«r next daar Deiakbogr,
tMpCB aiae and ten o'clock, ivcnc
' m Emw Uw n»&m, and found
lln> Herse at befare-mcntioned,
nd the poor infaat crying in bed,
Tfca RoSan bciog obferved to come
■M of the boaH that inoniiiig,
incral went iininediatcly to pnr-
lidc of bim. He wa> taken at
Codalaing, commttied to Guild-
fcrd gaol, and from thence con-
veyed lo Kinglloa, where he was
tried «n batnrday, and handed on
MMkday opp'fitc the houfe »here
ke conmiited the fafl. He wa*
about twenty. two years of age, and
a fiont well-made man, Fite filver
table fpcKMii were found upon him,
which Mr. Herne tnade oath were
tu property.

I Yefterday the report wat
"^ nide 10 hii Majefly of the
ynkfaAar* under fcDieoce of death
M Newgate; when Jofeph Jarvii
and Benjamin Millifenc, for a bur-
glary in the boufe of Mr. Evans,
and Matthew Kennedy, fcr the
nnrdcr of the watchman on Weft-
Mofler-bridge, were ordered for

' j'tTeph Nichelai, William W.ir-

£ker, Richard C^irtcr. and fatrick
eonedy, are refpiicd.
Tbit day hii M^jcfty went to
■he Houfe of Peer*, and pave (he
leyal aflent to the foUowiag bilit.

The bill to conttnoe an afl for
pnoilhing muni'y and dcfcnton in
the American coloniet.
' The bill for repealinf; part of
BB aft, for granting ceniin duties
in the Briiilh colonic* in Ame-
tica.

Tbe biH- to reaify milbltei in
the namii of the cotnmiQioueri
«:>pointed to cxeciitc the Und>tax

The bill to regolat* tbe trials of

conteAed elc^ons, or retarai of
members to lervc in parliament.

The bill for the better prclerva-
tioD of the game, in that jart of
Great Britain, called England.

The bill to prevent the killing
and deftroying of dogs.

The bill far bailding a wort-
houfe for the liberty of Saffron-
h:ll, Hatton-gardeo, and Ely-reoti,
in tha parifh of St. Andrew, Hol-
boin.

The bill for lighting, paving,
and cleaning the town of^ Mary-
bone, Itc. and for regnlating
weight* and meafmei therein.

The bill to arrend an ad. for
making a navigable cut or caoal
from the Trent, at or near Wilden.
ferry, in Derbyfliire, to the river
Meriey, &c.

The bill to continue the termt
and power! granted, for keeping
in repair the harbour of Minehead,
in Somerfeiaiire.

The bill to continue the dutie*
granted for repairing the harbour
and quay of Watcheit, in liie {aid
county.

And aKo to feveral road, ia-
clofure, and niiuralizaiion bills,

Thi» morning Uapr. Bowen, of
Ki>ly-0>^n, who was concerned
wiih Williams aed other, in the
murder ot Mr. Powell, nf Glane-
reih, near Landovery, wa* appre*
hcnded at the Cock eating.boufe
brhind the Royal Exchange, by
MelTii. Winiar.)s and Price, two
Welch gentlemen, who knew him.
He was carried briure the Right
Hon. the Lord Mayor, who com-
mitted him to the Poultry Compieri
and he it to be re^cxamired by hia
Lordfliip on Tucfday morning next.
He was diicovered by a young man
at Lambeth, of whom Bcwen had

9a] ANNUAL- REGISTER, 1770.

injoined fecrccy. The young fel-
low accordingly took no notice
that he h^J feen him, till his maf-
ter obfervcd a note that was fent
him by Bowen to meet him ai ten
o'clock in the morning at the Cock
cating-houfe ; in c; nl'cqucnce of
which, two of Sir Jv^hn Fielding's
men were fent foi, who waited a
confidernblc time, and then went
away ; however, the above gentle-
men being afterwards informed by
this yonng man when Bowen came,
fecured him. He is brother to
Mrs. Powell, and has been at Lam-
beth ever fince his efcape from
Wales. .

Matihew Kennedy, who was to
liave been executed on Thurfday
next, has obtained his Majelly's
pardon, on condition of being
tranfported for life.

Madame Louifa, the King of
France's younged daughter, who is
in her 33d year, having for iome
time entertained the projcdl of be-
coming a Carmelite, retired to the
monallery of the Carmelites of St.
Dennis, after having obtained the
King her father's permiflion for
that pui^^ofe.

An Older from the Crown Office,
direded to the Marlhai of the
King's Bench prifon, was delivered
to the bench of julticcs for Surry,
at their rotaiionofhce, St. Mar-
garct*t hill, cmpovsmng the faid
Marfhal to diltharge John Wilkci,
Eiq; he giving bond, as fecuriiy
for good behaviour for (even years,
himk'lf in loco 1. and two furetirs,
▼iz. Edward Burke, of St. Cic-
meni's Danes, vintner, and Mat-
thias Hamberg,oi St. Bride*&, tay-
lor, in jool. each, agreeable to
the feotence pailed upon hin.

This day a common-h«ll was
held AC Guildhall, by virtue of a

precept fiom the Lord Mayor, to
receive the report of his Majefty'i
anfwer to the addrefs, rtmoa-
Arance, and petition of the Lofd
Mayor, aldermen, and livery of
this city ; as like wife to hear the
rcfolutions and addreflca of the
Houfcs of Lords and Commoat
thereupon, and to take into confi-
deration the late proceedings of the
companies of goldfmiths, weavers*
and grocers, refpecltng the famc^
as well as their refblution not to
obey the orders of the Lord Mayor
for fumrooning the livery of the
refpeflive companies to attend at
fuch common halls.

I'he lad committee of the livery
was appointed to take into coni-
deration what would be the proper
mode of proceeding againft the
three aforefaid companies, and 10
report their opinions to the cua*
mon council.

After wMch the thanks of tlie
livery were returned to the Lord
Mayor, aldermen, and commoa
council, who carried up the re«
monlirance : And the fame was
ordered to be printed, figaed by
the town clerk, in all tlM public
papers.

The Good Intent, Nailor, from
Guernfey for Newcaflle, ran a-
ground near Robin Hood's Bays
and is loll. The mafler and ooe
man were drowned ; three others
got on fliore on the maft, which
broke away by the deck ; and one
of them periihed in the fnow be*
fore any afTiftance could be had.
The other two were near (baring
the fame fate, but fortunately a
countryman Jifcovered them from
the* hills by the lea, and came to
their relief.

A (econd incendiary letter was
received by the Dean of Wettmin-

CHRONICLE.

[«3

kmienlog, at in a fottaer Kent>I1reet turnpike that leadi 10
I w put ibcii dcGgn igainli Ra:herhithe, and a gtcac deal o(

'ilk I

blood wa> traced ocat the ditch
where the horfe hAd plungeJ.

A) Lard SanJyi wai returning
to town from his fon's fjai in Hert-r ■
rordlhiru. hir v/i^ overturned in hi* J
rt chaife c<nning down High-"
gaie-hill. Ac lirll, it was thought
much hurt, hot afier-
ppeared, lie received a
contuiion in hii head thai colt him
his life.

About noon, the report
if a pillol, fired fom '
rj or Bbont the king'i palaee «t 1
St. Jamei'i, alaraieJ the officeit
upon guard. The folJiers wefc
r gave a rery inlerrogiied, and their piccet ex-
. in the Egyp- aatined, but no dlfcovery could be
fUit CO more than 300 noble- made from whii qiiar'.er it came.
«nd gestlemcQ of the £tft dif- The purfer ot the Hampfhite

Eu Eaft-I-idiaman. C.ipl. Sime, came

K ten in the evening, two to the India Houie, with an ac-
ItmcB in a poD-chairc, coming count of the above Ihip being fafe
.BUckbeath, were Hopped by arrived in the Channel ftom Bcn-
Ue nao on foot, drefl'ed in a gal. Slie has made her voyage in
^'i frock. One of the gentle- the fhorult fj.ice of time that
ft iBilitaty officer, told the hjs been kno.^n; not iviih Handing
which, (He hsi been Fery (ickly,
aad loll m4ny at her men. Scarce
an officer on board elciiped ilie
icfi. cKccpt the captain and

!!e into cxiccution, a
K made a paSage through the
U Dean'i-jrard, which i; not
I pa«cr ID do, the faid wall

rnd not being hit 1
On the report of the
< eominitiee who made iri,il
Uking** drain - plough, the
tf of Aftt. &C. agreed 10 ih«
I kin fifty guinea* for his
^, and a fariher fum of ten
Im oa kii dtlivcring a
plot^h of ihjE kind,
tr cainaget, to the Society,
kai«of the public,
he Lord Mayor

W. in a perrmptory
ke ivoutd not be robbed, and
\ti him to delin. but the vil-
Ipivfcaiiag a piilol, and ihrent-
K violence, the gentleman ihoi
Aead on ikc fpjt.
he foiBc gcnilemeo had not
I above three miici farther, on
t *■«» to town, when they were
pied again by a highwayman.
I Boanted. o»r [he Red Hou^e.
gRiilcnun who killed the
BM dtot direflly through the
& of the cluife, and i> fup-
|d ts hwn woonded him, aj the
k ttpM which he rodF, fpruog
"■ 'i by the road " '

chief n

The Lord Tolland Eatt-Iadia-
man, Cipf, Niirne, in going round
I'rom Rental to Madrafi, was to-
tally loll off the Eiftoro-braeei.
The chief mate and fifteen of the
crew were onfortunitcly drowned.

The lum of 400,030 I. per ann.
which the l^i!l India Company an-
nually pays to i.He goverirment, ta
appropriated tU'vardi making good
the fuppliet of the prefeot year.

1 he fu.-n of 5,650 1. i» gratittd

r me roaa uue, 1 ne ili.^ 01 5,0)0t> i) griniva

irdt foitnJ without for the fupport of the Kouadling
road tdjoiniag to Holpit^for the ptefentyear 1770
ihe

94] ANNUAL REGISTER, li'ro.

. The committee of the
^'^ fupportert of the bill of
Rights icttled all Mr. Wilkes's
debts, and aboat fix o'clock in the
evening that gentleman was dif-
charged from the King's Bench
priibn, and immediately fet out in
a poft-chaifei accompanied by his
daughter, for the country-hoafe
of Mr. Reynolds hia attorney, in
Kent.

It has been remarked with ailo-
nKhment, that there never was per-
haps fo general and volantary il-
luminations and rejoicings on any
occafion, as on the event of Mr.
Wilkes's releafe; not in London
only, but in every part of Eng-
land: aifd, to the praife of the
lower order of patncfts, no di (or-
ders have been complained of any
where.

This morning Gapii Marmaduke
Bowen was re-examined before the
Right Hon. the Lord Mayor, when
he confefled that one Mr. O— -
had carfied Williams in an open
boat to France. He was remanJed
back to the Poaltry Compter. His
Lordlhip firll ordered him to be
fent to Newgate; but tbe.prifoner
fecming to be greatly alFedled with
the thoughts of being committed
to that priibn, he was by his Lord-
(hip (on the intcrceflion of Mr.
Jones of Caftle-yard, who afls for
the profecutor, and of Mr. Rice
Williams, fen. who apprehended
him) remanded to his former place
of confinement. His ca(h being
entirely exhaufted, Meflf. Williams
and others contributed for his pre-
ient fupporc.

Q . Yeilerday a woman, late

"^"- of Ellioi's-court in the Old
Bailey, paper-bag maker, was tried
at the fei&ons at Guildhall, for al-
aoil (Urving to death asd cnwUy
t

beating her apprentice gir
appeared on the trial, thi
poor girl muft have periflii
want of the common neceflaj
lite, had not ibme of cfae i
hours thrown eatables to hi
of a window, when (he wu$ t
a poll in the yard ; that wb<
was at liberty to go out fli
ohcn been feen to pick u{
devour with great eagcmeft
toe peelings, and foch thii
were thrown out for the do^s.
prifoner was fentenced to iufll
months tmp'rirooment in Nen
to pay a fine of i a. and give
rity for her good behaviour ft
years. The girl was put o
the pariih of Pancras.

The following is the bill
of fare at the entertainment
given by Sir Watkin Wil
Wynn, at Wynnftay, on hb
ing of age.

30 Bullocks
1 Ditto roafted wholtf

50 Hogs

50 Calves
80 Sheep
18 Lambs
70 Pies

5 1 Guinea fowls

37 Turkeys %

12 Turkey poalta
84 Capons

35 Pie fowls
300 Chickens
360 Fowls *

96 Ducklings
48 Rabbits
15 Snipes

1 Leveret

$ Bucks
421 Pounds of falmeii
30 Brace of tench
40 Brace of carp

36 Pike

60 Dozen of tront

io9 r

CHRONICLE.

l9S

* of fluimBi
SQi

I* pickltd oylttn
ind of rock oyfteri
■ of oyAeri for lane*

padding*
:pi»
piet
piei

paddmgi
on pie*^
d piet

t of cut pttlry
i oket
rcakei
mear cake*
I of bacon

IDS of milk
t* of crciBi'
I* of poiatoei

s of green peas
rubers

heidsofale
n of wine
im, and (hrab
c Ihipc), ]dnJfca('ei, in
ilinchmange, S:c.
iiniiiy of lm»n paffry
1 calk of ale, which held
Gx bogftieadi.
ought that there were at
O people al dinner in Sir
park, all at ibe fame

; T CIRCUIT.

drtone aOlses, fbar were
raaviAed, two of whom

were reprirved befoK Ae Judge
left the town.

At Chelnsfbrd affizet, eleven
nvre capitally conviCled.

At Aylelbury affixes, fi*« were
capitally con viAed, tbres ofwbont

At Bedford affizMi one was ca-
pitally convifled.

At the affixes at Cambridge, two
were capitally conviAed ; a perfon
for an attempt to commit a rape
upon a child, was fentenced to
faffer a year's imprironment, and
to the payment of a fine.

At Huntingdon allizetf three
were capitally convified.

At Oukham alBzcs, a private
nan belonging to the Lincotnlhire
miliria, received fentencc of deatb
for horfe- Ileal ing, but was after-
wards reprieved.

At Nottingham aRizei, J(me*
Wardley was condemned fornorfe-
flcalinjr, but reprieved before the
Judge left the town.

At Theiford afiizea, one was ca-
pitally conviAed, but reprieved.

Ac Northampton iffizes> William
Craddock and Anthony Harwood
received fenlcncc of death, for
crueltv wounding and robbing Mr,
William Walker the younger, of
Kingllhorne.

At the adizes at Yoik, eleven
were capitally coniiifled ; of whom
William Varley aud Jame* Old-
field, for diminiOiing the gold coin.
were found guilty of hii^h Ireafon.
John S!iirieliff, game-keeper to
Savile I'inch of Thribcrg, Efq;
charged with fliroiing William
" ' ' il of above fevtn

Lancafter alTizes, t
capitally convitleii. jam
van, for wilfully ft-tting f
jail in Liverpool, is to r
leoteiice next alijzes.

96] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

A remarkable caufe came on at
this affize, wherein the corpora-
tion of Liverpool were pUntifFs,
and the \ roprietors of the copper-
works, contiguous to that town,
were defendants ; when, after exa-
mining 35 witnefTes in behalf of
the plaintiffs, who provfd beyond
a doubt, that the noxious effluvia
of the faid works, were pernicious
to health, injurious to the herb-
age, and a nuifance to the neigh-
bourhood, it was agreed, that the
calcining part fhould be imme-
diately difcontinued, and the pro-
prietors be allowed two years to
remove :he works to a more remote
£tuation.

At Shrewfbury afEzes, two were
capitally convifled. Sarah Evans,
for attempting to murder her maf-
ter, is to be imprifoned for three
years, and find iecurities for her
good behaviour for fcven years.

At the aiiizes at Stafford, David
Slack, for forging a draft of 20 1.
on Mcfl*. Butler and Tons, of Bir-
mingham, and procuring a forged
indorfement on the fame, was ca-
pitally cunvi^ed.

At Warwick afTizes, four were
capitally convided.

At Hereford affizes, nine pri-
foncrs were tried for the murder
of William Powell, Efq; fix of
whom received fentencc of death,
and were ordered for execution on
Friday lafl, and their bodies to be
diffedlcd ; but two were afterwards
ordered to be hung in chains near
the place where the murder was
committed ; and three were ac-
quitted ; the names of thofe left
ior execution were, William Spig-
got, David Lewellin, Charles
David Morgan, William Morris,
William Walter Evan, and Da-
vid Morgan. This trial laftcd

5

from feven in the mOrnin
eight at night.

At the above aflize* ^
Corbyn for fheep- dealing,
Webb for borfe-llea]iog«
Charles fiurget's for :ftealiD|
179. were alfo capitally
vidlcd.

At Monmouth afTizet, twi
capitally convided for Iheep
ing, but were reprieved for
porcation.

At Worcefter aflizes, thre
capitally convided, one of
was reprieved ; and four we
dered to be tranfported for
years.

At Glouceder aflizes, eigh
capitally convided, among
was Sarah Pulham, for fettii
to the barn and ricks of R
Cook.

At Salifbury aflizes, John I
lin, for robbing the aiail <
road between Marlboroagl
Chippenham ; and jofeph ]
for ilcaling a mare at Sber
were capitally convided.

At Winchellcr aflizes, fba
capitally convided.

They write from Dablifl
their export of linen it V
7,000,014 yards than itwastl
before: in 1768, it was 18,4;)
in 1769, 17,790,705.

Ex/ra£f of a Letter from Portj
Jpril 13«

Arrived and failed the Col
Oliver, for St. Kitt't. Sail
Northumberland Eafl-indi
and juil now Admiral Elpk'
and all his fquadron have w
from Spithead, but whether 1
bring to at St, Hellen's or ;
uncertain, as the wind it fai
fquadroa confiftt of four fl

CHRONICLE. [97

ic, two fi-igatc), one bofpi»]- >hu Serjeant Bacon of the firft

and five nan^tirti. regiment. And Sdi-jeant Parlce of

-ii, Jfril 6. The Pope hii the Colddrcam regiment; Wil-

dblifhcd a boll, by which hit liam Powell, William Hart, James

A has granted an univerrnl l*oiter, aod Jofeph Collini; pii-

Cj upon occafioo of hij exil- rate foldiers In the £rft regiment

to the fee. It ii to com- of foot-guardi, were more or left

; the 9di of thu month, and concerned in the tkk^ie of Major-

00 the sad. General Ganfel], in September

lail; the King hopes, and ii M\-

w&miiig txiraertiinarj jieceant ling to believci thej did not icnow

it r*<eivei//rem /ufy. the Major-Generai wai arrefted,

and only ihouglii they ivere deli-

-. Campani, an eminent Ita- vering an officer in dinrels: how-

phyfician, 'i^ feni adnce to ever his Majelty commaadi, thai

tforealt, a famons praAitloner they Ihoald be feTcrcly reprimand-

odena, of the following ex- «d for afiing in this baflnefs at

linary fiQ, which is properly they have done ; and llriaiy orders

nticaied. *— " The wife of for the fbture. that no commif-

ncr, living at a villagt called fioned officer or Ibldier do prefume

ipapoH, aged 35 yean, being to ibierfere with bailiffs, of arrells,

: fevcndi month of her preg- on any acconnt or pretence wh it-

', on the I tth of January laft, feever, the crime being of a very

dilUnaiy the criei of the atrocious nature ; and if any are

flw bore in her womb; the found gailiy of difobeying this or-

ad and feveral other perfoul der, they will be moll feverely

heard it the f^e day; and paniOied. This order to be read

/ter. when ftie was at charch immediately at the bead of every

^era, the child cried fo an- company in the brigade of guards,

. and ft) flrtHigly imitated th6 that no roan may plead ignorancd

of a new-born infant, that for the future.

fiole codgregation concluded The inceCTant rains that foc>

a child DTOBght to be bap- ceeded a prodigious fait of fnow

Mr. Campani adds, he has npon the Pyrenean mountains, fo

1 the poor woman feveral fwelled the rivers in the fouifa of
, oho ii greatly concerned at France, that the floods bore down
■ovelty. and daily falls away, houres, mills, men, and cattle, and
ire impatient here to know laid wafte a whole traft of coantr]^
rent of this fingalar mvacle of a vail extent. The deplorable
nre." fiiuation of ihofe who cfcaped this

flood is not to be cxprelTcd.

The following order camfi The new Bridge at Knul^ford,

mt to the brigade of guards, near Leominfter, tell down after it

:, Hoiinflow. was keyed in.

O. His Majelly has figni- At ih- falc of Mr. Lemon's cu-

o the field otl^ccr in I'-.-iJc- rinus coiUftion of birds, a fold

hat he has been acquainted plieafant was fold for to guineas,

t. Xill. [//J and

981 ANNUAL REGISTER. 1770.

and a peacock pheaiftnt for 40
gaincat.

ExtraSI of a Letter from Mr. Boulton,
hit Surgeon of the Ddigbt^ dated
Little Capo Mount 9 Dec. 10» 1769,
to bis Owner at Li'uerfooL

" On Sonday laftj about three in
the morningy we were all (who lay
in the cabin) altrmed with a moft
horrid noife of the negroes> which>
was fucceeded by feveral fhriek»
from Mr. Howard and feveral of
the people opoh deck. Surprized
at inch an uncommon uproar, I
ilrove to awake Capt. Millroy» but
before I could make him fenfible
of what had happened, I received
a ftroke over my flioulders with a
billet of wood, as alfo a cut wiih
a cutlafs on the back part of my
neck.

The cries of Mr. Howard, who
was murdered under cbe wind*
lafs, as alfo thofe of feveral of the
people, whom the villians were
butchering on the main deck, had
thrown me into fnch a (late of Cu-
pidity, that I did not in the lead
feel the wounds I had received.
Having by accident got hold of a

riilol, which to my mortification
found not loaded, I dtared my
way till I got upon deck ; bat how
(hall I paint the fcene that there
was ading ? Gilbert Bagly, a pro-
miilng young man, was laid upon
deck crying for mercy, having had
his arms and legs cut off by thefe
butchtrrs. Poor Millroy dabbed
one in the fide, and cut another in
the forehead before he was over-
come.

I (aw none left bu^ myfelf, the
cook, and one boy, ivhich were all
in the maintop together ; and .ibout
an hour afur two others appeared.

one of which was camhe an
in pieces^ and the other gol
the top. I broke open the cb
the maintop to look ftr ki
bottles, &ۥ

In the maintop I farad
knives, tw« quart bottles, qm
gallon ditto, which I gave
knife excepted) to the peopk
me ; and going down the mm
mail (lay, I got into the fin
where I got another knife,
was returning op the ftajr ]
difcovered by the jivei* wbo:
all in their power to kill
throwing billets of wood, a»
me ; however, I wu not
daunted after I got into the 1
top, as I knew we were thei
to defend ourfelvei againft 1
their weapons^ except aa
which I was in hopes thejri
not eafily come at. Bet a m
who lay in the cabin GxM
them in a method how to co
every thing that might coa
or forward their defiga. Ai
had cut both their cablet
time before, 1 found we drof c
fall towards the Apolio* y
veifel I hailed feveral timfli
was at laft heard, Bnt I ki
fooner hailed than the m
ciful butchers fired two mnfl
me, which fo terrified one c
people in the too, that he
down, thinking, by afiifting
ine fail, &c. they would fpaj
li^, but he was much dece
no fooner had he got dowi
ftirouds, but his (kull was
with the broad-axe, and his
thrown overboard.

Captain Fi(her gave ns i
and about eight o'clock came
iu gun (hot of us, and harinj
a great gun into the vcflcl
wretches were fO inccnfcd a

Mt ibey fired 17 nuf- ginment hRppened between th^
E top, wounded a fmall loldicry and ihc towns-peopTe>
i no other damage, wherein four perlana were killed
' * in the foot, and fcvcral dangeroaj]/
raunded.

Monday morning early a Sre
brolce OuL at a houle the bottom of
Wych-itreer, behind St. Cleaieol'i,
onfumed the fame,
with a cbandier'a {bop, and a glafs-
cotters, and gready damaged the
infide of the houfe of Mr. Man-
ning, breechet-maker. It burnt
backward), and much damaged the
AngeUinn. St. Clemenl't church
was opened for the reception of the
goods of the fuffereri ; and a party
of the guards waj fem for from ihe
Savoy to f levcni their being plun-
dered.

f could not get thei
bear upon at, a lefo-
iBpicd coming up the
a pilbil and cutlafi to
3<it with a ijuart bottle
orer the bead, whidi which ectirely c
ia tlut he fell c

iged Capt. Filher four
.lied ohe oF hit people j
hey. I believe, have

foon had not a baricl
lown up, and fei (he
I fixe and aft. I im-
«w their conruGon,

FUhcr from the ma&-
rd hcri and went down

deck, followed by the
faall boy, which were Cefjeftht^tfii

leJi alive on board
IM. At foon as Capi.
led tier, we fee to work
At the £re, u moil of
I die vcfTel wa» in a

total loft i cannot well
It Ml forry
»li tutriag

with at leaft double

! Lord Mayor, attended
' Aldermen Lad broke,
rarner, Treco thick

riftrrtJtt CstM-

il by Ibt AUtrmen, m Mr. mihi'
EUahn/ir ibt fFard »/ Farring-

Is Mr. Wilkei's faid cleAion to
e office of Alderman a valid one I
obferve And Is he, by law, eiuiiled to be
admitted by the faid court of Al-
dermen, by virtue of, or ia pur-
fuance of the faid eleflion i

are of opinion, that the
judgment pronounced againfl Mr.

: ia proccllion to Wilkes, did not render him, by

• order to fwejr in law, incapable of being clcded an

«. &(q: Aldeiman of Alderman of the city of London;

Wilbour, when ihc mo- and that, apon fuch eleAion, he

t purpofe wai carried may be admitted into the office by

vibon. Afterwards he the court of Aldermen ; — but we

ucc from the time of ihink it doubtful whether that

, wkich wi« before court is compellable to admit

iMB Roffilcr, Biid, and bim.

ift. Jfril 17. iy6o.

I actoanu from Bofloa. Wm. De f—

|[1*imI, it appeui. that Ch. Yorki

f iMarcb, a wrrible en- J. Oi

I

i

Wm. De Gjey, J. Glynn.

"• " • kd. : ■ •

tool ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770-

S. I^tETCHE. Norton^ J./'^r A bill -^ ^fS^i S^^^^

to tbi aitrve Sbfiftion, at Htcks's Hill agatnR the Auim^

I am of opinion, that Mr. Wilkes 9 iflued for the apprclicoding him.
cKttion into the office of Alder- rpj^^ fcflions at the Old Bailcyi
man, is not a valid cleft ion ; and ^.j^j^.^ ^^g^^ ^ WedneMey> eode*
that he is not. by law, cniiiled to ^^^ Middlefex, when thirty «■-
be admitted by the Court of Al- ^^^ received fcntcnce of dceiht
dcrroen, by virtue of, or in pur- ajj,ong whom were fcwr girU. *•
fuance of the faid elsdion i and I ^^^^^ „q^ feventcen, lor a robbery
think the crimes of which Mr. ^^ ^j^^ highway. At this WBoM
Wilkes has been conviftcd, are of ^ greater number of prifooeri weif
fuch a nature, as affords a legal ^^ ^^ ^^ied than ever was kvornn^

- ... .. v_ -n..... ^*- AMi-r. jijgrct^jpg no lefs than S3* "P*

the Calendar, including thflfc «

London as well as Middlefex. u4

ihofe under fenicnce at former W*

fions. As foon as fenience mu

paffcd, the widow of Bigby, wit

was murdered upon Weftmmto-

Bridge, lodged an appeal agnat

the two Kennedy's, who at a fora^

fcffions were found gu'^'^.f*,**

murder, but had been refpited fcf

his Majerty's clemency, and ooe«

juftification to the Court of Alder
men for refufing to admit him ; or,
had Mr. Wilkes been in poffcffion
of the office, there would be caufe
or a motion : Defides, hi:» prelent
incapacity to attend the duty of the
office, furniihci another ohjcftion
againll admitting him ; and it the
Court of Aldermen wi(h to have
tbis great cohftitutiousl qucllion
cnoft fatisfadorily decided, it may

be done, without lofi of time, and ^^^ .viajcuy ■ ticw^w*./* ""'■ V^ j
at no great expence, by pulling ^y^^^ [Matthew] aMally on h«i
Mr. Wilkes to bring his Writ of j„ ^^der to be tranfported for W.
Mandamus to be admitted, and p^trick was brought «> the !»■
then returning the fpecial matter, • • •-— i^j-— i .«.;.ll Wm.
upon which the judgment of the
Court of King's Bench may be oh-
tailed i and if either party (hould
be diffaiished with the determina-
tion of that Court, ihc caufe may
be carried by Writ of Lrror, into
the Houfe of Lords.

LificrU^S'Inn,

JpriL 21, 1770. F.Norton.

At the m.ifipcradc at the
*^^^' opcra.hoiifc, gi^cn by the
club at Arthur*., there were more
than 1200 of the principal nobili-
IV. foreign minifters, and perlor.s
of cmineuc-j prcfent. The lilumi-
niLlions wire in the fame llylc with
ih..fi- in the luafqucradc given by
t:»c Kng of Denmark, but much
improvcJ.

and a detainer lodged ngainft
and on Monday a warrant wn
iffued for bringing back Maiihe^
The fociety o? AgricoUaie W
the Eaft Riding of Yorkfliire,cW
Sir Digby Legard, Bart, their pie

fident.

This morning, a little j
before two o'clock, n fire
broke out in the lower part of tt
houfe of Mcffrs. Fry and WeW
paper -llainers. ton Holbom-hil
near the end of Shoe-lane, wh»
was confumcd, with the furoiu
and ftock in trade ; Mr, W^
Mrs. Fry's mother, an apprentK
and a maid fervant, periflicd
the flames ; Mr. and Mrs. Fry, a
their chiM, efc.iped by a back-wi
The lit'ufc of Mr. Bridgewti

gvoc

CHRONICLE. loi

U lUs coiTnined, with having rctron to Mien Hiat mar*

IK tod ftock in craJe. guodi woa\d be run by the ftmc
reflel, rrdrred hit beat to be man-

' LoffSOK Gazstti. nei, aiwl went out to mtke hi* <vl>-

)f iheHoafeorCamnioni. fervaiiooi, when he flilcorered th<

i& Dit Afrilii, 1770. cutter Handing at a diftance, waii-

L, that Mr. Speaker do ing, ai wai lupfiofcd, for the te-

;ive noiicc, init the fnin turn of the boat, out of which Xhm

'lion five hundred thou- firft cargo waa feifed. Mr. fiilhop

Ji capital Hoclc of annui- ihen made towardi her, but neve*

the rate of three pound* returned, b^ing ran down, it ia

l*ftr fntmiK, eftabiiOicd thmight, by t!ie fma^rfiltn, bf

nade in the apth year of which i(t of cmelty, Mr. fiiih«^

of hi* late Majelty King and hii boat's crew, confifting of

le Secoad, intituled, Ao five Rout Aen, oil perilhcd in the

iDting 10 hii MajcUy the lea. One only hai yet be«n talten

0 roilliont, to be raifed up, aboflt a mile from the ptaea
■nnuitiei and ■ lottery, where the firft feiiore wa» made.

ed on the Sialdivg Fund, This day at noon came on. at

e by parliMnent, and St. Paul's, Covcnt • Garden, th«

ing to Irclud, the lawi election of a reprefentative in par*

lit Iciogdom againll pri- li^ment for the city atid liberty of

nnlaorhil lotteries, will WeAmi niter, in the lOooi of'tt>e

led and paid off on the Hon. Edwin Sandy), noiv Lord

of February nexr, after Saady*i when Sir Robert Bernard

1 the intereft then pay- was' clctled without oppornioii.
fpeA of ihe f^tnie, agree- The voten were fe determined that
c ctaufet and powari of Sir Robert Bernard fliouU ntit
1 CODtained in the faid fpend n fhiiling nn his clefiion,

that they would not (afftr him even

order, thus lignified and to pay for ihe chocolate made vie

Ihed by me, ii to he fuf- of in the yifirj"-

t notice of tbe re-pay- A iotiery bill pafM the Honfe

9f one DifUion five hun- of C-omiBon« upon an entire nettr

thoaland pound), for plan, very advantageoui to the

I ihe laid anauitiea were public. There are jo,oc0 tickets,

iOied, and of the redeinp- valued at 14 1. each, but intrinfl-

of the annnilici at are cally worth only 10 1, each. Aod

ling the fame. in o*tder to induce the ftock-holders

Fn. Norton, Speaker, of 4 percent, bank aonuitie* tp

hi April iS, wa* brought fublcrihe their Hock into the ] per

hii Majelly's warebonle cents, confolidated, every fubfcriber

mk, by Mr. JohnBifhop, of icol. capital (lock, is to have

ther officeri, (33 bagi of two lottery tickets on the payment

jaing in quantity about of zo I. which two ticketi, it is

part of the' cargo of the fuppofed, will fell for 30 1, before.

Iter, Capi. Hiirvey — On the drawing of tbe tottery be^in*.

•f Uk stth, Mr. BiOiep, The tickeu that remain unfub.
m 3 fcribed

loa] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

icrilxd for in tUi maoner, are to late gare them tbe noptial I

be fold at the rate of 14]. each, didion with the afaal ecu

and thofe who fubfcribe are to have nies.

the option of the porchafe, in pro- After this ceremony the i

portion to their refpedive inb- phineis admiited tlie ladies t

uription. auiience, .<nd.to kiis her k

VUnnat April 2i. On Thorf- there followed a public fyp

day lad at fix oi the clock in the during which the malic of the

evefiing the court aifemblcd in pel prrlormeJ feveral irmlian

the church of the Augu(lini» paf- ai:d d liferent pieces of mufic

iing through the gallery which Dikd lately* at her but mt

leads to it from the palace. This wood, Bridget, the Q^teen ^

gallery was illuminared from one Gipfeys, who died wortb s

end to the other witti wax l.ghts 1000 1.

in glafs fcoBCCs, orn.iiii^Ated with At FoataineHleau, one Pa

flowers; on each fide of it were Chaalon, in the 106th year ol

two lines of grenadiers ; 'and the age.

veltible, at the top of the (lairs. At Mpntaubon, M. Jeaa

leading to the Augu0ins, was de- ment, widow of the Sieur Soi

corated with large luftres and fcon- of Figeac, aged 103 yeara.

ces, fattened by cords formed into

fedioons of flowers. "

Near the high altar, on the gof- MAY.
pel-fide, was a canopy, under

which were two chairs of date for A motion was made ia

their Imperial Majeftles: At a the Iloufe of Peers bv thi

fmall diliance from this canopy. Earl of Chatham, for bnngio^

and in the fame line, were other bill declaring the r^-folotioos c

flate- chairs for the royal family: Houfe of Commons, with r

An alcove with th^ two ilate-chairs to the expulfion of Mr. W

was ereded in the front "f the lU* to be illegal and arbitrary ;

tar for the Archduke Pcrdimmd, after a long debate, the iauK

the Proxy for the Dauphin, to ef. rejeded by a majority of 469

poufe the Archdutchefa in his being 89 againft it to 43 ia i

name. of it; among the latter tw

When their Majefties were feau ihops only. Dr. Fwer, btfli

cd under the cancp; , the Arch- Bangor, and Dr. Keppel, I

duke Ferdinand and the Arch- of Kxeter.

dutchefs took the places appro- The Lord Biihop of C
priated for them in the front of prefented ChriU's hofpital %

the altar, which was magnificently benefadlion of 200 1. on whi<

adorned. After the benedidioo thanks of the court were or

of the nuptial rings bjr M. Vif- to be given, and a ilaff to bt

conti, the Pope's Nuncio, ailifted to his lord (hip.

by fe?eral Bifliops and Mitred Ab- The Pelham Cutter, in th

bots, and by the clergy of the vice of his Majefty's cuAom

Court, their Royal HighnefTes ad- tkmed at Beaumaris, being 1

Yanoed to the altar, and that pre* chor at Port Uiby'a Baj» 0

CHRONICLE.

[103

I at Wales, wu piruiciily at-
E*d b; ttn large l<i<uggt>ng
en. and a large wherry, tlie
w ot which fired upon ihe of-
n (M boaiJi drove ihe men do

• for the prerervation of ihcir
I, boardca the Pclham, and

I piMdercd ker, «Qd drove faer a-
I MM KBiong the rcclu.

Letter* from Bourdeaiuc bring

ta accoant of a terrible accident

fat bappentrd there on Sunday

I ^ Sih of Apri), by the rifing of

I tlie waicriof die Garronoe. That

r wai full of chalapi and ftn*\l

Litflcb. laden with the goodi and

' 'et of poor people. A Urge

me down by the violence

■rrent, broke the cable

I hulk, which fct adrift

_.i ftipi, and thefo drew

rrins with lAem a hundred of
I Ikfe £a»ll craft, <vhich were all
I ^txn lotnfdt the Tea. The fight
i«<irC3dral. The crews of many
I af tbcfe veflel* happened to be a-
I Aore; xbair who were on board
I GMld do BOthicig but pray to Cud
I 10 kare aicrcy upon them. Moll
I W'lhr fmall craft pcrifhcd with all
t bond i three or four of
Idw firipi were entirely funk, and
t of the reft were cither
Im agrouftd. or Itiarcd (he fate
(sf tkete thai perilhed. The whvie

• efttmatcd at fix millions of

About 10 o'clock at night,

I jnang man wa« mur tally

' ', in bi» way home from

[ he wai fct upon by

I vUiainj, whom he re-

t a third Rarung up with

rbufi, difchargcd it full

brdy. which tore him in

t manner that hi) bowels

t ont. alter which they made

r aSetpt nithost robbing him.

He lingered a few dayi and then
died. The murderen have fince
been taken.

A dreadful fire broke tmt in the
little Town of Etdgafon, about
two mites from Hanover, by
which i£o houfes were reduced to
allien.

By virtue of a warrant under the
feal of Great-Britain, directed to,
and received by John Toke, Efqt
at RocheHer, High Sheriff for the
County oi Kent, proper officers
were difpati.hed to the tranfpori
fhip then in the Down*, to liike
into CTiilody, by attachment, the
body of Mattheiu Kcnofiy, to an-
fwcr to the appeal I'f.^na Bigby,
widow, touching the murdef of
her hulband ; in confequence of
which, -.hr faid MAtihew Kennedy
was fafelf Iddged in Mdiditoae
gaol. When a motion (or the a-
boTC warrant v. a moved for at
the Old Bailey, the Recorder of
London told the Council who
made it, thii he had no power to
Hop him, nor even to bold him
if he had been prclcnt, unlefg a
bill had been foniid in conleciuenct
of the appeal : To which the
Lord Mayor made a fpinted an-
fwer, and told him, that he would
lake it upon hlmfelf, and would
fi^^n the warrant! which he did,
and difpBtchcd it immediairly :
hisLorddiipnlfoordercd Mr. Aker-
man to detain Pafick Kennedy ;
and ulfored the whole Court, that
no niut<!rrer Ihould ever cfcape
juftice while he lived, and was a-
ble to bring him to it— and that
he himfcxf wuld be anfwrrable
for every bad cnnli-'jueoce which
might arifc from the fuppofcd il-

the next fcffiuni.

> trial a

io4l ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

By letters from Cadiz we learn,
that the S anifh galleon, called
Adventurs, which has been a long
time exp' c\c«i from Peru, is at
length arrived in that harbour^
after a dangerous voyage of eight
months : S^e was intangled in
vail quantities of ice near Cape
Horn, and the crew during a
whole month expedled to pcriih
every inilant. They were at one
part oi that period thrown upon a
Hoating bank of ice, and carried
in that extraordinary fituation, be-
tween feven and eight leagues*
After vaiious perils, they had the
good fortune to get into Rio Ja-
ibt'iro. The little hopes there were
of the return of thii vefl'cU occa-
sioned her to be infured at lo per
cent.

. A motion was made in the
^ ' Houlf of Lords, for prcfcnt-
ing an aJdrefs to his Majeliy, that
he would be graciouHy plea fed to
inform the houiCj who the pcrfon
was, that advii'ed his iVlajedy to
2*1 ve orders for proroguing the
iiifh Parliament, when that Hep
uas taken ; but it was tcjcded.

T«^o prizes were contended for
by the MaHcrs of /irts, at the
Univerfity of Glafgow ; the ivrft
tor the encouragement of elocu-
tion; the Oiher for the advance-
jneut of phyiic. The fcrfl was de-
Tcrmined in favour of William
Cruckihank; the iecond in favour
of I^Tr. Archibald Arthur.

'J he Duke of Richmond had
lately a nnnow cfcape for hi^ life :
it fi-cms hi^ Crrkce h^ih long had a
v.olf at Cicodwcod, \\hicb was bred
up tame ; but breaking his chain
cne day* nature took place* and
he marched otF into the country,
but being followed by feveral men»
uts brought back and placed

as before. His Grace afce/wardf
going alone to view hims the crea-
ture Hew at bim« and catch ed lc^
of his waillcoat opon the belly t
but that giving way. hit Grace
was retreating, when the beafta-
gain catched hold of the ikirt of
his coat ; but fortunately bis Graei
after a long firuggle etcapcdi
leaving part of his coat bebiii4
him. The beaft was iminediaicly
(hot.

A letter received at Breft fiom
the Guinea coall informs^ that s
French (laving (hip* Captain Giaa-
dier, having been furprifed by as
infarreftion of the negroetf who
murdered moft oi the crew ; the
joiner, finding lio poflibilitx to ct
cape the like face, h^d fet iic to
the powder-room, and blew thf
veflel up with two hundred afid
feventy-four (laves on board.

A few days ago a fervant nia
that lived with Mr. Holacii ^
brickmaker at Woolwich, told Us
mailer that he had fomething very
heavy on his mind : his naAer
allied him what it was? when be
toid him, that he had formerly
been a fmuggler, and aboat (il
months ago had murdered a drs*
goon, and defired that he mgfy
be carried before a magi^aie ;
he accordingly was carried bclbre
Jullice RuiTell, where he nade an
ample confedicn of the whole, acd
was committed to Maidflcne gaoL
They write from Har- ^
wich, that on Tuefday *
night as Mr. Day, wheelwright,
at Ram lay, with his wife, filtert
journeyman, apprentice, aad a
girl about fourteen, were return-
ing from our fair- in an open bo?t
near the (ho re, the boy went up
(he mall to make the fail dear,
which overfet the boat, and the

wile

CHRONICLE. [loj

wu carried tw?x by the jeanti voiiag it tbc faid FonTt, wat

and drowoed. The faolbaod abfolutely and fiaalty deteratioed

ipprentice went in fearch of ia their favour.
and plboged about the ooie A gentleman !n town bai laid be-

hey tound a fmall boat, in fore a learned body a new invented

1 from faiigpe and cold they method of hatching chicken*, and

lad expired. The fitler wai reiiing cheni quicker for ihe f|Mt

[kt off ihe mod about feven than ever wai before difcovered;

text momiog, aod died loon tor which that refpeflibte fociety

; but tbe gul and joutney- ba* bonoared him with a gold me-

wbo were toond at the fame dal. The proceft is as follows :—
, arc likely to recover. The chickens are to be taken away
le fallowing remarkable cata- from the hen ihc night after batch-
he happened to a married ed, and are to be replaced with
le ia the city, who were bu- eggs, on which the heti will con-
a few days ago :— The wif.- linuc to lit, for a fecond and a third
jetwixt twenty and thirty, and brood. When firft taken from the
httlband eight or ten yean hen, they are to be fed with eggi,
-. Tkey went to bed in good boiled hard and chopt fine, mixed
hi and is ihe norning, the with bread, ai larki and other

waking, fbuDd her hnfb^nd birdi are fed, for a fortnight ; after

and cold, from whence it which give them oatmeal and irea-
it be concluded, that he had cle, lb mixed that it will cram-
red five or fix boors before, ble, of which the chickens are fo
appeared to beat the lofi with fond, and with which they thrive
erate concern and foititnde, fo f-ift, that at two months end
ihe corpfe wai carried out of they will be u large a] full-growa
boolc to be buried j at which fowl;.

: ihe burii into a violent fl^-od '0e king and daaphin of .

Wi, which were fucceeded by France had the £rtl inter- >

wfcea her Gii went off, her view with the young daaphtnefi.

H) appeared to have left her. They met at the bridge of Berne

ifi a great degree her fenfet, in the forell of Compeigne, and

he feemcd infenfible of every their Gril faluiaiion wu very tcn-

g that palTcd; and in this der and affefting.
: Ihe continued two days, and A court of common c^on- ,

,di(d. cil was held, to cooiider of '*"•■

The report wa* made to an addtel'i, petition, and remon-

** bis Majolly of the malcfac- Ilrance to hii Majelty, upon hla

nnder femence of deati« in Majefty's anfwer to ihe addrers,

t'gate, when tbirieeD were or- petition, and renioni'.tance of the

;d for execution, and feventeen commun-hall, and oF the tcfolu-
ited. tiuni and addrefi of both houfca

Vm held by Sir Robert Lad- of parliameoE (hereupon ; when a
cr, a general court of eleAors motion was made, t!iat the part

he (Icn. Artillery Company, rrfpeAing the mfwer given b> bit
n the long coniclled dif|>ule Majclty Ihoiild be left oat ; but o«
e£ling the Ifgiliiy of the Ser- a diviSoD, fevec aHerrocn, and

io6] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

105 commoners, were for rettia-
ing the part rerpe6ling his Ma-
jefty's aniWer, and eight aldermen,
and fifty-feven commoners, were
for rejeding the part refpefting his
Majcfty's anfwer, and for confining
it to the Middlefex ele^ion only.

Then a motion was made, that
a committee be appointed, and
that they do immediately with-
draw, and prepare an humble pe-
tition, addrefs, and remonftrance,
refpe^ing the Middlefex ele£lion,
and the anfwer given by his Ma-
jefty to the livery addrefs, &c.
And the following committee was
appointed, viz.

Aldermen, Trecothick, Stephen -
ion, Cro(by, Townfiiend, Saw-
bridge, Wilkes.

Commoners. George Bellas,
Efq; Mr* Beardmore, Samuel
Freeman, Efq; Deputy Judd, De-
puty Sainlbury, Mr. Sharp, Mr.
Anderfon, Mr. Bifiiop, Mr. Bur-
ford, Mr. William Wilfon, Mr.
Plomer, Mr. Shove,

They withdrew, and prepared
the addrefs, &c. accordingly, and
prefentcd it to the court. On a
divifion, for the addrefs, &c. feven
aldermen, and oi commoners :
againft it, ^x aldermen, and 40
commoners.

The Earl of Chatham made a
motion in the houfe of lords, for
an addrefs to the king, todefire he
would diflblve thia prefent parlia-
ment. He dated the public dif-
content in England, Ireland, and
America ; affirmed that the peo-
ple had QO confidence in the pre-
fent houfe of commons, and (hew-
ed from the iituation of public af-
fairs, the great neceflity of having
a parliaiqent, in whom the peo-
ple can place a proper confidence.
ArgtuDcntJ, however^ were in rain.

the queftion wat called fb
carried in the negatiTe.

Naples, Jfrilz^ The
of Dorfet arrired kere ott '
day laft ; and hit courier, a
mootefe, baring had fome
with the matter of the lerrj
who demanded more than k
at the pailage of the Gnrij
and thefe worda havine pn
blows, the ferryman de]ib<
fetched a gan, which he pre
at the courier who waa then
boat with his mailer ; on tli
courier jumped out of the
and fcreened himfelf behind
peafants who were ftandinj
but the ferryman ftill takii
aim at the courier, the latti
up to him, who (hothimdeac
the fpot. His Sicilian M
being informed of thia trani
immediately iffued his orde
apprehending the ferryman*
it is moft probable that he
into the Roman ftate.

This morning, between
three and four o'clock, a
fire broke oot at the honfe 0
Pool, in Palferave-head conn
out Temple-bar, which con
the fame with all the fiin
The family were obliged to
out of the windows to (are
lives; three of whom were
hurt. The houfe of Mr. Wil
furgeon, and all his furnitare
of Mr. Wifliaw, taylor, hi
niture, and a large qnanti
gentlemens doaths, &c. to 1
fiderable value, were burn
watchmaker's houfe was lil
confumed, and part of Mr.
ning't tea warehoufe is
down ; not one houfe in thfi
on either fide efcaped the n
the flames, but moft of thei
greatly damaged. Several

CHRONICLE. [107

-feu who ibreed theit way in to recc:vet9 the Daupbinfft From di«

*inv the &n were Dear being hand> or his Cxcelleocy the Prince

f VvieJ nader the raiai of one of dc Suhrenbcrg, Pleatpoteiitiary

; At hoalei which fell down. It ii from the Emptefs Queen.—" Th«

ttd. that K grattewoiuii was (o honoi'r.:ble rammilHoi) which the

■kIi bamt, that Ihe died foon Kin^; my Mafler hu been pleafed

■far. to tntri:^ me with, enhance! the

The livery of the worthipful mcarure of gratiiudc which I owe

HMany of Goldrmithi met at tor favour* received tram him. {

ikc Half-Mooa tavern in Cheap- want no other fciicity but co be

He, lad DnaDimoufly rerolved, able m reprcfent faitbtully to your

tkit the warden of their company Hif^hnefi the featimenu of hie

flgald not bejuftified for difohedi. Majelly, and hii ardent defire to

Mce to the Lord Mayor's precept ; fee you partake of liii tcnderncfs

ltd thcjr declared their readinef* wich the reft of hii Royal Fanily.

■ tcftify their obedience to iheir The whole nation, whofa inierpre-

duef magilL-aie un all occaGoos, ter I am. fight for the happy mo-

larticslarly on thai of a late com- ment which ia to annoance to two

MM hall. great emptret the pn-pctniiy of

The thirteen conviAa ordered their happinefs, by fecurie? to

far ezeCDiian, were conveyed to two of the moS ancient faaiibes of

Tyb«m ia £re carti. and executed the univerfe the bandt wliJch units

■Ecording to their fentcnce ; moft them. What ought we not to hope

rf them were boyi, the eldelt not for from a Princcfi, brought up in

■bove twenty. two ; fomc of them virtue by an augu.l mother, the

»ere greatly affected, others fo glory of her fex, and mother of

hardened, that they ridiculed the ki-'g^i formed by furh grrat ex-

puaifhrncnt of death, and Uaghed amples, the Dauphinefa will fini

11 their coBpaniont for being a- in (he happinefi (he enjovi, the

friiJ of it. pledge of that which the wfll pro-

The ceremony of the noptials of cure to Fiance."

the Dsophik and D4uphinefs was Thiiday liiiMajefiy went .

perforoMd at the chapel royal at to the Houfe of Peers, and *9 "*

VerlaiUct, by the Archbilbop of ^ave the royal alTent 10 the foUow-

Rheimt. After ftipper. the King ing bills, viz.

having coDduaed their liighnein-s The bill fir {rrantln^ to his M».

lo their apartment, and tnc bene- jefly a futn out of ihe finici;:^ hind,

difiion 0/ the b?il h:Lving been and Icr applying certain monies

Bade by the Archbifbop, the King therein miniii'ned for the Ittviix

delivered the Ihirt to the Dauphin ; ofthL' prclciuyenr.

and the Dutchefi of Chartres per- The bill lor leli-cmir? the c<~

formed the fame oiiice to the pit'il or joint I'.ol k o: .tnnuitiet,

Daophinei't. attur ti.c rate nt 3 1. ici. fcr cert,

Tue following was the compli- cll.ib!i!lir-.l in lii:.- :(j h year of ihe

Bcnt paid by the Cj'mc dc ^'o3j]- iei;:ii oi'hii j.ue M.ijcliy.

let. Plenipotentiary Commill'iiry The bill for cAabl.min^ 3 lot-

f.-om the King of Franc;:, tvlicn he tcry, and fu.- ciher |<ilrporcs.

The

io85 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

The bill to continue an «6^, for After whicli his Majeftf n

encouraging the making of indigo* a mod gracious fpeecfa from

in the Britifh plantations in A me- throne, and the Lord Speakeri

yica. his Majefty's command, jirorog

The bill to appropriate a fond, the parliament to the 19th of J

lor granting to his Majedy addi- next.
ttonai duties on certain foreign This morningi between

linens imported, and for edablilh- eight and nine o'clock, the

ing a fund for encouraging of the queen was happily delivered c

jaifing and drefling hemp and princefs. Her Royal Highneb

Sax. Princefs Dowager of Wales,

The bill tQ continue an a6l for Grace the Archbiihop of Can

{ granting a bounty on Britilh and bury, feveral lords of his Majd

fjfll linens exported. moll honourable privy couneil.

The bill for regiftering the prices the ladies of her Maiefty's fc

at which corn is ibid, in the feveral chamber, were prefent.
ccnnties in Great Britain. One Giteves, a pawn-

The bill to explain and amend broker, uken op a few days ^

the feveral ads, for providing a a^o, on fufpicion of fetting fin

public reward for difcovering the his own houfe, the bottom

loagicode at fea. Wych ftreet, at the back of

I'he bill to prevent delays of Clement's church, with inteai

juftice, by reaibn of privilege of defraud the i n fur ance- office,

parliament. re examined before Sir JohnFv

1 he bill for better regulating ing, when it appeared that he

the perforu^ employed in the fervice infured his effcds on the 301I

oi the £aft India Company. Apiii lall, for 2300 1— that be

The bill for the relief of the begun a new book, containing

coal-heavers ^K^crkint; in the river account of the pledges taken

Th:)Qies ; ZT\d to enable ih m to the next day ; that the nun

ciAke provtr.oii fur ihemiclves, their and value of the pawns enti

widows and crpbans. from that diy to the time of

The bill for compleaiing the na- late accident, amounted to

vigatkm of the river Swule, from times more than during the

itb jurdion with the Ure to Mcrton number of days ia any prece<

bridge, in York(hire. month— that he had altered

'i he b'il fur milking a navigable value of many of the pledges

can»l from Leeds to the iea bank, tered in a formrrr book; fer

iteur ike North Lad:es walk, by ample, he hud charged a g

Liverpool lo I. 9 s. the t:c'-v<t pinned c

'1 he bit) for extending the like which menticncti it to be only

Kheny to the exportation of rice 9s ; anorher go»vn 10 1.6 s. mai

from Kafl and V.'eil Floiic'a, to the upon the ticker 1 1. 6 s. a pai

£ttihward of Cape Finiilerre in ilone buckles, ticket marked 1

I.urope, as is granted to Carolina 6d. entered in the book 10 1. 1

and Georgia. with a variety of other articU

And ajio to fome othei public a iimilar nature, ^1 tendinj

aad private bill*. prove his inceutiun of defraiM

CHRONICLE.

106

Tke Viit of the p3wni
0 l>fl wHk. appeared

ut 0/ the old book
vidcQtly infened ai-

Ere brake out in a flal)1e
»i»e to the bick-vard of hit
e, ■boM i«*o o'clocic on Mon.
morning lall, when he was
I U be up bjr a tvanier- woman
te hoQk. Some linic after the
u llic fisbU wu cxtingiiifhed,
■hrswu given ihai ht houTc
on fire. Opnn fcarchin;;, one
bodoranl, a fircfflan, [>erceived,
pecpiiig through the kcy-hote,
MNcI of dtuibi on £re in a
■a tlw door of which was
ml. ap ttirce pair of flairs
i«dse t^ Itrcet, quite at a dif-
ice Sea the liable. The bed
aaotber moat iip two pair of
bt b«ck»-udi was found aifo
fire, though the windows, and
tiy Mhcr pari of the room was
t tven dtfcolouied by fmoke :
IfiMweloaihi in the (hop upon
:groani ttjor, the door of which
■ locked, were olio feen lo be
ling at ibe fame time.
mm tbde circumllaocei. there
Mved foci) ftrung furpicioni of

K'lt, tbat he wai connniiied
»gaie to take hi> trial at
eafvinn; ficnjoni. Some pawn-
)kera> wbo had been employed
value hi> {^ooiii, declare ihem
be not worth more than 700 1.
1 that thry cannot And many
jcki, cnleted in the book.
. Thij moniing, aboot 11

o'dock, Matthew Kennedy
• broaehi 10 ibe bar of ihc
■rt of Kuig'i-bench. when, after
iiltnit the writ of Habeas Cor-
I, ittdibedeclataiion of appeal.
m aoiiaa ftoa Corafcllor WaJ •

lace, he woi turned over to the

SherifF. and is lo appear next term,
when the merits of ihe appeal will
be fully debated ; and in the mean
time he ii comrniited to the King's
Bench prifon. He was in double

chains

. blue

vjlh

handkeichtef about his neck, and
looked greatly dejcfted ; he waa
only in court about ten minutes,
when the court wa) extremely full.
Tlie declaration of appeal was a-
gainft the two brothers, Patrick
and Mauhew, both laid to be in
the cuilody of the fame officer,
whereas tha one is in the cuilody
of the Shciiff" of Middlefex, and
ihe other in the Sheriff of Kent ;
a circumftance which one perhapj
may avail himlelf of. The widow
was prefeni, accompanied by the
waterman') boy, one of the princi-
pal evidences upon the former trial,
who declared in open court, ihac
he wat offered 100 1, to keep out ot
the way. Lord Spencer, Lord Pal-
merdon, George Sclwyo, Efq; and
fevcral pcrfoniof dillin^ion, ttiends
to the unhappy prifonert, wefe like-
wife prcfcnt. -

A court of com mon -council uai
held at Guildhall, when an ad-
dreft to his M.ijcdy, 00 the birth
of the young priiiccf'i, ivflj agreed
to. Hi! Majelly h«' appointed
next Wcdnefday lor the reception
of it.

The principal mtrchaoit con-
cerned in the American trade, fenc
down counter otders to the manu-
faflurine counties, to poltpone the
comniiinoni for .^nicnccu cxpor*
Ution, on account of the Parlia-
nient being prora^^ucd, without
full ledrels having b«cn obtained
for the grievances complained ot
from that continent.

Thia

lio3 ANNUAL It AGISTER, i7f&.

, Thi3 night between ten

*7 • and eleven o'clock, as Mr.
Venables, a wholefale carcafe-
butcher, in Whicechapel-market>
and Mr. Rogers, cabinet-maker,
in Hcundfditch, were returning
from the Blue Anchor alehoufe, at
Stepney, they were attacked in
Redman's grove by three footpads,
who demanded their money ; and
on their making refiftance, the vil-
lains fired at them, (hot Mr. Ve*
nables under the jaw-bone, and
the ball went through the lower
part of his head ; Mr. Rogers was
mot in the forehead juft above his
eye ; they both expired im media-
ately. The unfortunate deccaied
perfons (laying after their friends
to have another bowl of punch,
occafioned their meeting wuh the
fatal accident.

Paris t May 1 8. The prefcnts of
Jewels made by the King and the
royal family to the Dauphinefs
upon her marriage, are valued at
three millions or* livres, upwards
of 130,000 1, (lerling.

The (ix companies of merchants
of this city celebrated the mar-
riage of the Dauphin with a bene-
volence that does honour to that
body. The 17th they vifited the
prifons, and delivered fuch as had
Been confined for debts contradled
for neceflary providons.

8th William Dc Grey, Efq;

his Majefty's attorney-ge-
neral, moved the court of King's-
bench, lor the dikharge of Mr.
Bingley; the court rcfufed to do
it; bur the aiiorney-general, as
law-o(iicer to the crown, iniifled
upon it, as Mr. Bingley had I'uf-
fcred two yeart inprifonmcni,
which wat fufficient for any of-
fence he oiay have been gui.ty of.
He was fee at liberty accordingiy.

A rtry remarkable a6l wti

folemnized at Newffaide,

Queen of Hungary's dom

The bones of rae great Ei

Maximilian I. were aeaia in

after a fecond abfiuntioo.

occafion was as follows : Th

prefs Qneco, having order

imperial palace of tnat citj

fitted up for the ufe of the '

fian Military Academy joi

bli(hed there, and the chorch

to belonging, to be repair*

beautified and new tltam

added, on the 21ft of Pel

when the workmen were en

in taking down the great a

coffin wat difcovered under t

fonry, very much decayed*

coniulting the ancient ai

it was foand, that the h

Maximilian I. had been dc

in the church dedicated

George, the church in qo

upon which the farther op

were fufpended till after h

perial Majefty's permiffion

the cofnn (hoold be obtaii

do this, in order to confi

truth of the ancient recoi

Majefty was gracionOy pU

give her confent ; and accor

on the iith of March, the

ered coffin was examioedy i

facrcd relics of that glorion

wete aduall found. Her

rial Majcily being certifier

field, ordered a leaden cofii

prepared, and inclofed in

of wood, for the reception

precious relics, in order tl

might again be depofited

Ume place, now under tk

afrar* wiih the u(ual cen

Upon a nice examination

body, before its fecond int

it appeared to have been

vcred with quick-lime, a

CHRONICLE.

[.,<

en wTlpt in white linen.

It toamti to have been
I a Ttll orwtiice damaflc,
fOt .of fculet velvet em-

tl il renarkable, that
tke dilCTcnt vellmcQCs
iltaeraiblc, bat aifo their
olouri. On hii brcall
B luden place, on which
rta a Latin inrcripdon.

pliort was this day
lilhcd by orilcr of the
MTftl. prohibiting for fix

commerce by land and
W«m the inhabttanit of
ilic BDil the fubjcilj af
r Palatine, the founda-
kidt wu owiog CO Toipe
I piocecdingi on both
conjequcncc of whkh,
rcarion has enfued. Sj-

eturn, tome boata have
belonging to the Dutch
Lower Rtiiae. The af-

Ame &jiou9, and if not

ceommodaied, ma/ paf-

odafliw oJ~a rupture.

iBWCOOniorihe Q^een'i
delivery, a little before

l.ord Mayor, the Aldcr-
Sheriffi, and Common'

[et oiu from Guildhall

I, after the Lo*d Mayor,
t Ladbroke, Mr. Alder-
|>. and Six William Ste-
lAd psAed through Tem-
ibe ntei were fudder^
ift Mt. Aidcrman Uailcy
) BCzt in the procef-
i nob. few ia number.
U7 betan to fielt him
t bmI dirt. Mad pulled

K chariot, onpolii
fc. Suit '''-"-
■afac*

Sua laversi
fercvd (0 tik«

to prefeive bij life, j^fter con-
tinuing here foine time, he went
away in a hackney coach, with a
gentleman aha had accompanied
him, but not without being fol-
lowed and infulced by pati of [he
mob that at Gril belct him.

As foon as ibe Lord Mayor heard
the gate* were ihuc. he fcnl Mr
Gates, the City Marlhal. back,
who opened them without any ob-
ftruflion, and [he whole proceffion
[Mr. Harlcy fxcepied) arrived at
Si. James'] about len roinutei be-
fore two, the time appointed for
their reception.

After the Lord Mayor had waited
in the anti-chamber at St. James's
a conlider.Lble time, the Lord
Chamberlain came out with a pa.
per in his hand, and read i;> the
following cfFea;" As your Lord-
fiiip thought fit to rpealc to his
Mijcfly flfter hii anfwer to the hte
remonlirance, I am to acquaint
your LordQiip, as it was nnufual,
his Majcily dcfires that nothing of
this i:iad may happen for the I'u-
lure," The Lord Mayor then de-
Cred the paper might be delivered
to him. The Lord Chamberlain
faid be allied officially, and had ic
not in orders to deliver the paper.
The Lord Mayor then defired a
copy; To which the Lord Chun<
berlain replied, he would acquaint
his Majcily, and talcc hii dirtc-
tions i but be did not return until
the order wa* brought for the who'e
Court to attend with ihc addrcfs.

Sir Robert Ladbroke coniplainei
to the Lord Mayor, that Hones were
thrown at hii c(i«h. The Lord
Mayor called Mr. Gates, the City
Marihal, face to face with the Fa*
ther of the city, and aOted htm, if
that was fo, who contradifled Sir i
Koben ; be then fiid, dirt A I
ihroNii 1 I

iial ANNUAL REGISTER, 1776.

tbrown ; the Lord Mayor znCwercd, men, and then proceeded I

there wa« no dirt in the ftreet ; Sir feffiont-hovfe to try the priibi
Robert then faid, that the mob £dMurgtp April 25. Yei

fpit in at the windows of hid came on before the high coi

coach. Juftidarv h^re, the triaJ of

In the Pretence Chamber, Mr. liam mrfis, alfiat HarrieSj

Rigby attacked the Lord Mayor, cerned in the forging and i

telling him he had promifed in out falfe notes of the Thiftle

Parliament to be aniwerable for of Glai^owi Upon the pa

the peace of the city, and that he coming into coart» his behi

was informed by Sir Robert Lad- indicated fbme degrcfe of inb

broke, that there had been a great upon which his lawyer, Mr.

riot in the city, which his Lord- well, fae^efted that he was

ihip had taken no care to quell. proper oojeA of ponifliment.

The Lord Mayor immediately objedion, however, being

repliedy that he (liould be ready to ruled, about two o'clock the

anfwer for his condudl at all times, for the trial of forgery, &c.

in all places^ and on every proper cbofen, and the proof uken I

occafion. the coart of feflion was rei

Mr. Sheriff Townfend (landing them. They inclofed a'oout fi

by the Lord Mayor, told him, Mr. and this day at ten returned

Rigby fays there has been a great verdid, ttnanimoufly finding

tumult in the city ; Mr. Rigby re- guilty ; upon which he was

plied. Sir Robert Ladbroke fays tenced to be hanged in the (

lb. Mr. Townfend afked him, if Market upon the 30th of

Sir Robert Ladbroke was not a next. The above WiUiaai

Magiftrate ? And why he had not rics, before his beine found

appeafed the tumult, if there was had iflued 452 foreea notes

one? Mr. Rigby faid, the Ma- when apprehends, there

giftrates had been mobbed. Mr. found no lefs than 9677, a

Townfend replied, taking the whole 20 s. each. The lall were

together, in his opinion, the people cording to an order of court,

had been mobbed by the Ma^i* mitted this afternoon to the B

ib-ates, and not the Magillrates by and burnt.
the people. Ar tbt addrefs and The Pynfent canfe, nOM

bit Majtftfs anfruert fee the ftatt pending in the Court of Chai

Papers. and which has been heard

A This day the Lord Mayor, fuccecding Saturdays, in this i

^' * attended by the two flicrifTs, Term, is founded on the do>

and feme other of the worQiiptul right of the late Sir William

court of aldermen, proceeded in Tent, to bequeath his real 1

Aate to the Old Bailey, where his to the Earl of Chatham ; the

Lordfhip laid the firft ftone ot" a Sir Robert Pynlcnt, now re^

Dew jail, intended inflead of the Killynore, in the kindom of

Jrcfcni very incon%'entent one of land, contending that the tc

lewgate. His Lordfhip. after lay- had no right to make fud

ing the above Hone, made a pre- qtied to the prejudice of hit

ieot of twenty guineas to the work- heir at law. On this iiTue is ]\

CHRONICLE.

[■■3

leirn^ ai^nTnent) have beeo
on botb Gdet, and the mat-
1 Mependiog, ii of 24,000!.

• gnndefl Grc-works that have
>efn known-, were ihis even-
jihibited in the Tquare of
. XV. u Paris, in honour of
>aap)ufi*s niarriagr ; but the
cataltroptie that m.nrked tliii
iibn, wi'> lung be remem-

wiih hoiTor and regret. Jt
n that the plan or the fire-
. «Fai (o vail, that it exceedL-d
owtrs-of [he engineer to re-
: aSl its parts, and to reiiraia
efis; and Ibme of the appa-

haviag exceeded hit inieti-

npliying off untimely, threw

of £re upon the people.

dreadful confc^uencet xhac
1 from this alarm, might in
Lt mealure be imputed to the
Biion of the magiflraies. in
tft place, there was no fcaf-
Tccied for the convenience of
xdatora ; and in the next,
MnmunicaEions between the
de Louit and the Boulevard],

coobft of three ftreeti, were
■inner blocked up ; that on
ft hand, the Kuc la Boune
!, being narrow, was ren-

impalTable by the coaches;
•n the right, called Rue St.
din, in r hich the Cou^t St.
iQQ, Secre:ary of State, has
;fidence, and in whofe de-
CDt the care of this cietro-
ii, and by whufe order the
>rlcs were exhibited, for the
liency of biipfell and friends,
(cellency would not permit
opalace to pafs, and this

the principal thoroughfare
he Place de Louis, where the
irks were exhibited, to the

■ rdi, there wu only the
.. XIII.

middle ftrett free fir ilie fcot-p.if-
fcnger". 'D'l- >;;(;.'.' -op multi-
tude ths: bad cro.vciid sc fer the
firework), beirtr feizcd wiiii a pa-
nic, upon finding a hjiry and
confufion, fnr uh'ch the grcalcr
pnrt of them wire unoble to
account ; endt'ivoured to efcnpe
tdro'igh this 'arrow ftreet, which
ihey fuon jammed up in fuch a
manner as to make it impaluble.
The confufion increafed to fuch
a degree, that one trampled ever
anolher, till ihe people lay one
upon another in heaps; thole who
were undermoft, ilabbed ihofe who
lay above them, in order to dif-
engage tbcmlelvea. The pick-
pockets and robbers availed them-
felves of the coniufion ; and many
ladies had their ear-iingt torn one
of their ears. A fcaffold, created
near the paUce of Bourbon, broke
down with the over-weight of the
fpeaalors. who all fell into the
river. There have been already
E^ken up above a hundred drowned
at St. Cloud, bat ma>iy bodiet have
been driven beyond that place.
The carnage was dreadful. Jc it
computed that not Icfs than 3000
arc either killed, wounded, or ren-
dered cripples during the remain-
der of their dAyt.

The humaniiy of the new-mar-
ried pair on this mflincholy oc-
cafion, cannot be fufiiciently ap-
plauded. The Dauphin, i.i the
firll tranfports of his grief, gava
all the money alloiLcd for his
month's cJtper.ccs t(,\»ards the re-
lief of the fuffirers, an j in this aft
of geierofi:y he w;s followed bjr
the Dauphinefs, whofc mind w:ii
fo deeply impnlTed with the rela-
tion of what had happened, that
it was with di-'icLliv Ihc fould he
kvpt from faiuiing- Hi* Majelty

114] ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

was alfo greatly afFw*^ed, and iflued
order;, that no cxpcnce might be
fpared to fuccour and aifilt the mi-
ferable. Jn (hort, I'uch a icene of
real diflrcfs never before prefentcd
itfelf, and it is thought it will be
a means of uircrly aholi(hing that
kind of entertainment for the fu«
ture.

The number of the dead, fo far
as the bodies tha: wc.c drowned
have bcpn recovered, aj^pcars by
the latell and beit accounts to have
been in all 712. Anionc*: which
were four monks, two abides, and
twcrty-two perions of condition.
It ^ocs not apjjcar Jh't there arc
any Engliih amon^ the number.

His moll Chriilian Majelly has
ordered loo.coo livrcs to be ex-
pended to«:irds the iclicf of the
unfortunate pc rfnns who were hurt,
or have loil their relations in the
confulioii on the ni«ht of th^^ ciiy
fireworks. "J'he Diuphincls and
the MilJamci have alio contri-
buted.

At Grn/ette, in Italv, thf*rc has
been difcovercd, at the depth of
b feet, an ancient furnace, alout
which were found fome aniique
med:)ls, but molt of tlicm lo ef-
laced with ruth that it was with
difficulty the time of building the
furnace could be made out. Upon
tiie reverfe of one of ihelc medals,
which appears to be of the £mpe-
rcr Flcrio, the words Fi^or Orhh
nny plainly be read. 1 his Em-
peror i» not mentioned in the fup-
plrmrnr publilhed by Murac<>ri nnd
V.illemont ; but in the line of Em-
perors rcciied by othjrf, we find
him in the fecond cmtury of the
vulgar acra, about which time this
furnace feems to have been con-
ilruded. Ihere is another medal
•f tke Emperor Germaniciis» but it

is impoffible to aTcertaiii Co which
of the Emperors of that name if
belongs. About the (iune deprii«
but in another place^ there havf
likewife been difcovcred fome frag-
ments of baked earth, aoMHig
which are fcveral lachrymatory
vafes that were ai-tiently placed ^
the colfins of the dead, and evei
fome remains of the fepalcbres ia
which thefe lachrymaturies ait
fuppofed to have been depo&icdL
Of the fame earth lome orns were
(bund, about two feet high, OM
font in circumference tbcot ibt
middle, and betwf*en fix and fefca
in the neck ; but what was mot
remarkable, thefe urns were not
made flat at bottom^ but ended ii
a point, which were (luck in cki
ground, in order to make thai
It and upright. Within thefe oral
were found fmcll bones, almoft re-
duced to powder, from whence il
(hould feem, that they werefbrocd
for the pre:ervation of lome frag-
ments of the dead.

rerk. May 11. IThere is aov
living in the parifh of Wigan.il
Lane a (hi re, one Fa irbrother, ageJ
138 years. The youngeft of hb
four fons is now 104 years oU»
and the father Itill follows the tradt
of a cooper.

Died lately, Chauncy Towi<
fend, FJq. member for Wigtcoai
in Scrulanu, (being the firft Eng*
lifhman that ever reprefented aaf
place in Scodatid.)

iVIr^. Gordon, a maiden ladff
fuppofed to have died worth op*
waros of ^o,oool. great part «f
which Ihe has left to chariubia
ufes ; among the reft one thoufaad
pounds for ereding an hofpital te
the relief of indigent old maids.

At Bath, in the 103d year of hC
age> Sarah Delon, of that city.

At

■ CHRONICLE. [115

Dobora. ia Bedlbrdfliire, vidue, the nill not talle it at all.

irey, aged loj year*, for- Her royal highneli'a btd ii a ma-

irdiner to hii Grace the trafi on ibe floor, with a fingte

r Bedford; ^m whofe coverlid. She ilcept but five hour*

te hat enjoyed ao anoaal ia the fbar and-ttvirniy, and will

of- 19 1, for npwardi of not take off her cioatht when Ihg

Izft paft. Ilea dt>wn, refafing any iDdulgence

^_^_^^^___,^^_^__^ *"• account of her rank. She pre-

——~—~—~-~~ fented the Danphinefa wuh a fmall

JUNE. crucifix of gold, fei with diamondi,
which belonged to the queen her

*hc committee of the covrt mother, and wai the only thing of

ommoa-conncil, appointed value fhe had left herfelf. Sli«

U the £arl of Chatham had a cmcifiit mide of box-wooda

dtanki of that court for which (he immeJiately hung oa

«ic conduS in parliament, her breall inflead of it.

a hia lordlhip ihia day ac- The fefEooi ended tt the .

r. Old-Bailey. At thia feffiona '"'

e inaoal meeting of the 83 prifoiiers were iried, 13 received

e Ibciety for the relief of fenteuce of death, 3 to be iranf-

«t and orphan! of cteigy- ported for 14 yean, 14 for 7

Id at Canterbury, 12$ I. yean, 1 wete branded, and 4

ordered to be diftributed whipped,

la widow*, and 2a w This morning, a little aftcrnina,
came on in the court of King's

>ri*«te tetter from France ficnch, Weftminfter Hall, before

. that the third day after the right hoo. the Lord Manifield,

iage, the Daophinefs want the trial of Mr. Almon, by infor*

•ilit to her aunt, the prin- maiion, for^//>ii; the tetter of Ju-

£a, who ha* retired into the niu* to the King in the London

e nunnery at St. Dennis. Mufeuro. A little before twelv«

igioai order it prodigioufly the jury went one, and flaid Dp-

md the noviciate remark- wards of two hourt, when they

When the Daophinefs returned, and put a quellioo to

ired by the Princcfi, (he the court, whether the mailer could

lofled to her cell by an be deemed guilty of publilhing

and no other attendant, what had been only fold by bii

fadame Sophia, the king fervant, and that without hit

c'a fecood daughter. The knowledge? The judge anTwered,

Louifa opened (he door of that in hit opinion he wii, aa

herfelf. She appeared in every matter is anlwerable for the

of a novice of the order, aAi of hii fervant. Tlie jury

icl Oiift and wooden flii>M, thereupon immediately brought

docking). She never him in guilty, and hia fentence

nther milk or butter, and now remains in the bread of iha

I but twice a week ; and court. But a new iha] U moved

w lall quarter of her no- for, and expeOed,

[/J a £wr««

u6] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

Extras of a Utter fr%m ? or tj mouth*

'I'his day arrived rhc Tamer
flo'ip of war, and ihc F orida iVirc-
f:iip, from Port Ejimont in Falk-
land Ifland, ne^r the Streights of
Magellan . By tbcefp fft'ps we
lenrn, that ttvo '"ti^ll^B^- frigates
of 36 g'l^s each, came to Port
t^gmont^ and, in the name of his
catholic majefly, required our
people to quit ihe ifland. The
Spaniards have tranfp: rtod trcrps
trt>:n Bucno*' Ay res. ai.d h-.v:- left
a j^iriifon on ihnt pin of the iflAnJ
iatilv fettlcvl by the Frinch.

John Siretvhtr, a Grrinan, who
hjJ abfcondcil wi?h 11^5!. of his
m:ilKr*s money, which he wns
entrulled to receive at thj bank,
was overtaken by Mr. John 10:1 of
Aullin Friars, one of the part-
ns-Ti in the hf, at Boul rrf^e, a^id
bv the rcadincfs of the mai^iilrcit^s
oi that city, he wa*? fecured. On
t'ne fiid furpiizc of b( ing lak'-n,
he delivered up tlie whole money,
except the liitle h;; had exprdesi,
an J Mr. John ion, pleafrd with
his repent inre, g.ive h-m ten
guineas to bear his expenses to
hiso^n country.

. Charles Stevens, He-ry
^ Ii{»lyoak, and Henry Hnj-he^,
were extcutcd at Tyburn, p::r:i^-
ant to rlicir -I'litesxc, for the mur-
der r/ Mr. lih.iw, and iificrw.irds
C«irii'*dto Sur/eons-li.ill for dlircc-
tion : *iic two latter declared, that
Steve. »5 bsJ brought iheni into a
!nJ courfr of iifc.

W.ii tried before Lord
^ "• Chief Julticc ^ Wilmot, nt
(1 liM'^dl, a c.iufe in wi.ich the
ar;»:iec of ft banl:riipt was plain-
ritf.' The plaintiff's cafe confillcd
in a chir;;e againft the defi*ndnnt,
ror having encouraged the bank-

rupt to purchafe goods on credit
(under (alfe pretences) of a hneo-
diaper, to the amount of 500!.
and upwards, in order to railir
money thereon to anfwer his pre-
fent exigencies, which goods it
appeared the bankrupt fo.d to
th*^ defendant at the fame price,
though he only received half the
money ; for which the defendant
forced the bankrupt to give hia
a receipt in full ; but, not*itb«
Aanu'.ng thefe receipts, the jdrr
found a verd^ for the plaintiff tft
the amount of the (hort payneani
viz. 258 1.

This morning, about half «^
px.l fi\ o'clock, her royal
h'>(>h' cfs the princcfs dowager of
Wales fet out wih a grand reiiDoe,
from Carhon-houfe, Pail-noall, for
D./ver, in order to- emlark for <
Germany. She was accompmiii
by the duke i^^* Glouceiler, aod
St tended bv L' rd H.iilon, cKao-
herlain of the houiehold, Luf
Howe, one of the ladies of her
bed-chnmber, Mifs Reynolds, anJ
MiN ileinken. i pj fling- wonan M
h r royal hichncf?, it was thirty*
four ye.irs, the latter end of April
lail. fi!;cc her royal highneU iiA
la-.'d/d in F'Intflind in 1736.

Cjme on before Lord Mansfield
in :Ko court of King's -bench at
tji'Ji.ul, a trial on an a^^co
brt u. (;i a^ainl) a flone-marmi, for
pu;tin;^r bond timber, contrary 10
a^l ot parli;!m?nt, into a public
ho'.jff, he la^ly built in this city;
wlr^ii the jur/ 4»ave a vcrdiift for
t!-L- phintin->, with 40 1. damagei
arui toiUof iuit.

A very impoitant caufe came M
to he tried in :he court of Common
Pie .5 at (luildhaii, before Loid
Chief Juilice Wilmot, whereiik
Mr. ReycoIJi, of Limc-itreeC,

U.)der

Slieriff of the connijr of

ex, was plaintiff, and a.

at SiepDCy t«a« drfendanc.

;ion, wbich concerord every
.a Ibis kingdom, wa*
againit ihc deCcndarr, for
/ and in an cutr.^getiu*
(jilillrd by ten i.r twelve
.,.•.^ ni^'i gi;at club), hired

CHRONICLE. [117

tbc Original printer of )ui

I caule I

Fen-

bet«

iicnlof Mr. Key- ters ad
T .ihcde- braiedp

>t of Ml

-.ihcde-
t pjrirer, and taking and

■ way Mr. Rejino'd^'i hag,
ti i-atucd his client's paperi.
i »aj dearly prcved ; and
je having fummcil up the

■ with g:'eai impanialiiy,

letter, in the Public Advetriier of
the I9ih of Decemh=r latl.

The Aiioruey-General addiefTi-d
the jury wi:h a fpcech en the im-
potlance of jjiici ; but tonfinia
thfm 10 th- buTtfaa of the de-
frr-dapt poMllhing a paper *liich
he cilltd a 1 be! ; and (hen njEcte
an apiilogy lor brir.gii'g cti N.'r.
Aliiimi'g iiUl for jtiting tn'j, be-
fore ihe orig-nal prinicr'», auJ
prLiniieJ to picfccoie all llif p'in ■
d puLlilhcfs of ihii ccle-

i-Sad, in hii

charge

to iKr jjty, faid. ihey had r.ot/ii!ig
to doiv;[h the in!rri!Cii, nor i^ilb

the iiher 1

, ilie

JEif.'rr

I the i.
thai

eller

of

eal importance ; that it
: concern only Mr. Rey-
lat CTtry genileman in the

ihit kir^dom ; that it uat
Ml fctious naure, and that
Jcman wcbld be fate in in-

an attorney with any pa-
r fuch daring i&t of vio-
■ere roaimiiicd ; that he
;ire trie tncthoU whuh tlio
nt had .ak.n in feizing the

other ter^ than lltiiling,
t the jury Ihould give luch
I M night deter pcrlons
9i<'g (ukh flagrant adi of
; far rhe fuurc; they with-
>r about two minutei, and

in a verdifl for the plain-
co 1. damages, bcfides colli

Thii mormng, at rine
a'chxlc. came on in the
f King's-ber.ch di Guild-
ffore Lord Mansfield, the

H«nry buDffoD Woo(>fall,

tion, fich as m.-U;iiKi,Ji-J:i!c!i!. e c,
which he ..fiirmed wire ail k. n'i
of CPuf- ; ji-ft as it is f.:id i:i .in
ind'fliiifnt for niUj^ier, :'.,.l i!.:
p.r..n d'J. b'r. al the i.^i^.,^,n :/
l-'idttjiL Then he r.n--ik.d aj
i:,o., Mr. Almon'striiil, th.ii ihtrc
were bat two propcGti.inj Vr t.:c
CoriliJeration ot the jury J one war,
the y-!^ of publ {hi.>2 the paj^ci,
the (iihrr, wheiher a /^^/.■r .«.-
//u-Aiji was pnl, in the ir.rorr:^:-
lion, u|iCn the /tvi'/il bhnks in
the paper in the infcrnutiun ; ;.r,d
as 10 the contents of the fspcr,
whether they were irae at fa::e, l.c
f^id.iiwaswhJIyimiiiave.ial.

At ten miniilfi bef.'ie twchc t^'c
jury withdrew, and icturned ai^ou;
Dine, finding Mr W.jodlali t"!-'y
affrinriis unJ pAI Jm«£ cny. T le
Ci'Urt had broke upabt.u: 4 oV!. c\-.,
fo that the jury, bv order u: I/ :j
Ma,;.field. atterded his Vu.v ^-^
with ihr'ir verdiCl, at his houJc in
Ijloonifbuty.fquirc.

'Ihii day Ihe addrefi.

and I

fro

pemi
the ii
holders of thi; cotnty ut Surrey \

118] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770

Jrefented to his Majefty at St.
ames's by Sir Francis ViDcent,
Bart, one of tht reprefentaiives of
that county in parliaxnent, at-
tended by the Hon. Peter King,
Sir Robert Clayton^ Sir Jolcph
Mawbey, Bart, and Benjamin
Hayes, Efq.

Three children of a poor cot-
tager in Ireland having eaten of
the herb Daho, or Water- parfnep*
two of them died, and the other
was with difficulty faved.

A plnwnlan near Bigglcfv^^ade in
Bedfuriifhire, threw ujp a pot of
gold coins* fuppofed of Edward
Vl. one of them meafured exad-
ly one inch, one quarter, and one
eighth in diameter ; the reprefen-
tation on one (ide is a man in ar-
mour, in a (hip, holding a fword
in his. right hand, and on hit left
arm a (hieid, with four compart-
ments of three lions and three
Beur-de-iis. On the other fide a
large crofs equally divided, the
friend hardly to be ma ^e cut.
They are of pure gold, of fevcn-
teen (hillings value.

The judgment of the governor
and ^uncil of Calcutta was re-
verfed by his Majefty's council
here, on an appeal from William
Bolts, Efq; for removing him
from the council there, without
a futficient caufe.

. A comet was difcovered

■4"' by M. Me(ner, at Paris,
about eleven in the evening. It
was (ituated between the head and
the bow of Sagitaiius, in the milky
way, and was icarcely vifible with
a two-foot telefcope. The light
of the nucleus was vivid and white.
Oil the night between the i^th and
16th of June, the right afcenfion
of the comet was 272 deg. 57 min.
37 fee. aod its decaaatioa 15 deg.

5^ min. 24 fee (both,
night between the 20th ;
its right afcenfio" was 273
min. 2 fee. By thefe obf<
the motion of the come
days, is found to be no n
23 min. one- half right ;
and I deg. 25 min. 20 A
nation. Its motion fol
order of the figns» rifin^
the equator ; and it pafTc
ridian about midnight,
met increafes in light, :
become confiderable.

Being the firft day of
term, the two Kennedys
were brought before Lor
field, in order to take tl
for murder a fecond tim
appeal of the widow Bi
it appeared that the pis
pleaded over on the ap]
not on the bill, which
done before the court c
them to trial. This omifl
it necelTary for the pri
be fent back to the Kin]
till the nece(rary forms
through, fo that the h
put oS fine Me,

About 12 o'clock at
mod terrible fire broki
Foulfham, a market towr
folk, occafioned (as (upf
a perfon throwing foroe 1
a(hes on a dunghill adj
an old thatched ftabh
weather being dry and 1
houfes were entirely o
the church, chancel* ani
were demoli(hed, leavi
the bare walls ftandii
flames raged fo fierce ai
that many of the poor fiifi
their all, to their inco
didrefs. The damage c
be computed, but is foj
amount to fome tbov

CHRONICLE.

[I.,

, ntcIoGre of the charch.
dMfd Afttey'i and Mr.
■ engioes came jufl time

to Aop the fii
I'l, er tbe whole
: mnll bare fuffered, being
:batched buildingi.

ift.

At fire o'clock thi) morn-
ing, died the righthon. Wil<
liJin Bcckfbrd, lord mayor of the
city oi London. If hii lordihip'i
ciiara^er could v(4nt any ajdi-
luftre, jt would receive it
frum the manocr of hii death i
governor! of the city of for nolwithftanding hit having a
lying-in hofpital, held heavy cold on him (whicii ha
innivenary meeting, and acquired at FonEhill the day be-
d 877 1- 18). J d. lowardi foie) fo attemive wat he 10 dif.
x>rt of (bat chancy. charge the important duty con-

Wat opened ihe fine rao- mined to hit truA, as chief migi-
Bnoient at the weft end of Itraie of thit city, that he travelled
lifter-abbey, to the mrmory a hundred mile* in one day, wbich
late Richard Tyrrell, ECq; iaccired his cold to a rheuioatic
ninl of the white. The fever, and thereby terminaitd tbe
cemi to be lakcn from that life of a min, whole chuafler will
ID ia the burial ferrice, ever be held in the molt honoura-
iajball rntJrr up ihrir And. bleand grateful remembrance,
miral is reprel'entt-d riling The Uie lord mayor haa made
■■ cload$ from the fca, fur- the fuilowiag dilpoiiJon of his
wiib angeli, one of whom ellite \ he has bequeathed a legacy
ing the lall tramp, while of joool. to each of bii natural
I reaches out his hand to chiMren, except the eUelt loa,
I in his flight. The under who was married to a lady of for-
ref~-mi the fea with rucks, tune in Jamaica; and to him he
dew of the Backingtiam left only ioojI. unlefs his wife
rar. The figure of l^ope Ihould die before Ibe came of a^e ;
f admired, but the cciiics and, in that cafe, joool.

Eiire fay the whole

to be eafily diDinguilhed

le eye of an artift.

This evening her royal
Sghnefi the young Prin-

chriftened in the great
chamber by his Grace the
>p of Cauleibury : her
^nefs wat named Eliza.
rhe fpoafcri weie, tlie
f Prince oi HelTc-Caffjl,
fd by the Earl of Hert-
iti Chamberlain ,af hii

hoafllold; the Princrfs
Sweden, reprefented by
itefs of HolJernef), and
:ef» of Nalfau. Weil burg,
ti by the Countefs Dow •
ffiogham.

ith the tell: but as ibe wilt
was made Tome time ago, and Iha
is now of age, (har 4000 I. lapfes.

The greaicll part of his fortune,
real and perlbnal, except foms
other inonfiderable kgdciet, ha
hjs left 10 hit legitimate ijn; and
in cafe of his death, ta hia eldeit
natural fon ; and in def<iu!t of
heirs of hii budy, ro Lis other
natural fons in fucceJion, accord-
ing to feniority.

The lady of the late lord mayor
having a felilement on her mar.
iijge uf 1000 1, a year, there is
no provifioi made lor iier in the
will of lier hufband.

Was fint'ly dettrmifed by t!iB
Lords ConjiilConers iu C-Mccrv,

U] 4 t»

i2o] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

22d.

the long; depending caufe between
the Karl of Chr'.'.ham, as reprc-
fcntativc of the late Sir William

Pynfcnt, Bar*, and Da»v, Efq;

ivhen the decr:e obtainea bv his
I^ordfhip 'MS reverfcd in favour of
Mr. Daw. I'hc fum conton.*ed
Ur. , wiih colU ofluit, occ. will a-
niwUiic 10 between 14 and iqocol.
A remarkable caufe came
on this day, upon an action
between a gentleman and Mifs
Jones, on a Loid j^ranted by the
fi.rn".er to the latter tor three thou-
fand poiir.d3. Several bonds had
been prririied an'l cancelle.!, but
that ct J.;nu-ry i' '..,, v-as the bone
of contenriok). Loi-tl Rnlingbrokt
gave eviutncc to th.* t:f^d, as he
himfelf had been a f'll.fcribing
witncfs thereto. Lord V ai:;;iielJ
very properly obferved, thiii ii iViil?

ioacs hud been a commv-n p ■-- e,
e wculd i.ifl.in:ly have tot a(ide
the buitd as void and null, but as
it was granted for value, and that
file lived with the gcniltroan at
the time, giving her company to
none other, the poiiit of iaw was
on her fide, and tne bond 'ell to be
fullaincd ; and fo the jury, with-
out going out of court, ilecided in
her favour, with colb 01 fuit, and
othi r damages.

Was held, at th: Guildhall of
this city, a common-ha!l for the
c>dinn of a Lord Mriyor 'or the
rem linder of this yesr, in the room
of William Bfckrord, Efq; The
recorder mnJc a very handfomc
fpecch in praife of the late Lord
Mayor, which was received by the
livery with mu'.h iT>erited applaufe.
He then opened Ihorily the la-
mented occuiion of calling that
common-hall. The names of the
fevcral aldermen who have ferved
the office of (hcriff were then put

in nomination. The majority tf
hands was greatly for the two aL
dermen Trecothick and Croflfj
and was fo declared by the (herifc
b Jt a poll was drmanded in faiM
of Sir Henry Bainkes« which ««
accurdingly granted, and ordeicl
to open at two o'clock.

Yellcrday being midruni- ^4
m-r day, a common -hall '
was held at Guildhall, London
for the eledicn ot (heriifs and uihtf'
city officers.

'i^'ie feveril aldermen below dli
chair, who hid not ferved theoffid'
of OieriiF, were put in numii^i
tion; as were likewife the genlb>;
men who had been drank to ly
tho Lord Mayor: But Me/Trs. Babrj
and Martvn, who were nominatti;
by Lhe livery, had a great ihewrfj
hands, and were accordingly il;
turued and declared duly dedrf
with the greatell npplaufe.

'i his day Sir Willidm Hatf
Aihurd, Knt. was Cilkd cothe^i
giee of ferjeant at law at tkebv
(if the court of Common Pleu^
WelhninftLr, with the ufual ce*
mcny, and afterwards took hi>iti
SLa puifne judge of the KiagV

the room of Sir Jofrph Yttes, dfr
ceafed.

Early this morning two high-
waymen attempting to rob a ftaf^
coacn at iVIims Wa(b, the niri
lire J at them, (hot one dead, ni
(battered the arm of the otbtfi
whom they apprehended vi
brought to town* Upon the l^
port of the furgeon, before Sir ]oki
Fie^di. g, that the man's life wli
in danger, he was carried to d0
Middleiex Hofpital, where his arfl
was cut off. He confefled Ui ^

Dame

Chronicle.

itit

KU Thonu Watfon, and
mpwiuD's William Ward ;
[he7 were bo'h poAilioDS,
id n^betl ever 6n« j noary

^tiagrn.yuMe l6. Thenoble-
nd la>''C9, who were a^^ujint'
.KfAi '^rcn ^ophia Aiagda-
tuir. .1, ail'tmbled in her

o'clock I'l the cvi-nini;, on
: J o. J' , from whence they
a pructiii^n i: ibc cliap>.*l
wiicrt- trej .. re received
< ai»i^..\'ii. '. le two fer-
ula- iiiL It) t' Dainih, the
in the Gfwn langaage.
itrichtd, and .: '^i '.xatt muilc
LrCjrmed 01 ^'c; occafiun.
> n of the cerc.iini>y being
tlir coffin was carried out
chapel by twelve colonelg
ScMs of the marine, who
atiuned round it dunng the
, and ,>at into the heail'c at
rrat palace gate, through
the proceliicn began in ilie
tg manner: 1. A IquadtOD
'* guardt. >. A herald on
£\i. 3. The , noblemen in
. according [o their rankt,
iiring lour (crvanis beariig
. 4, Twelve royal pages.
■etr f>avernor on hurfcbai-k.

entiiihi'inmei de chambrc,
e gen'.illb -m:iies de cour,

horl-jback. each of thi:ni
d b^ two leivanw on foot,

ic-chtj. 7. Theliv-vogn,

coacn, of ih<; Utc Quesn,
a by twelve iackiei ; and on
.e of it a beydok. 8. The
earfe drawn by horiei co-
vith bUck, adorned with
'oot, and led by cap;ains

marine. Thofe who had
the cofin out of the chapel.

attended the heaife op horfebacfc.
9. Ihe ii,.i jot -generals, counfet-
lort of coaterKDces, reiir-admirali
and counlellon of ftate aiteodcid
on horfeback, lo- The royal
mouroing coachei (before each of
which went eight lackic) of the
royai livery wiih torches) and %
fquadron of horfc-guardi doled
the procelfion.

Thi» day Mr. Almon, ^
who fcime time before had '
teen f. und guilty by a fpecial jtirjr,
for publilhiig J .luiui'i Letter ad*
drefled to the King, was admitted
to Ibew caiife before the Judges of
the Court of King't-bench, for •
new trial ; but the arguments pro-
duced by his council not bcin{
judged fa:isfi£bry, the coort uoa-
nimuuHy dilmilTt-d the caufe, and
therrby co .firmed the verdid.

A comet was dilcuvered by Mr.
Dunn, 34 min. after eleven in iha
evening, lis dlftsnce from the
briglicell liar in the Harp >. 3341
drg. 10 min.and.'^roai the brighleft
liar in the Eagle :i drg. 10 min.
refraAton included : trom which
its place is determined between the
right hand of Serpentarius and the
E({uator; is neady S. at mido.
with abnut 35^ deg. mcrid. alt,
and nearly oppon;c to the fun. Ic
has no tail, but a CI ver- coloured
nucleus, ^nd a coma of about half
a djg. in diamiter; that part of
the coma next the lun being moll
illuminated. Or. Bjvij obferved
the fjmc comet early in tlte morn-
ing.

At a grand Icvee held at St.
James's, his Serene Highncfs I'ririco
rinell of MeckUnburgh-btrelnz,
brother to her M.ijelly, was pre-
fent lor the firlt time fince hii ar-
rival in England, which was on
June ij.

The

im] ANNUA^L register, 177a

The firft ftonc of the new office
for the New-River Company was
laid by Mr. Holford, governor.
The corrent coin of the Kingdom
was laid underneath the (lone, and
the following infcription engraved
vpon ic:

Firft ftone hid by Pe:er Holford> Efq;

Governor*

5if Ceorse Colcbr >i>ke, Bart. Deputy-

Goverii>)r.

ilenry Burners, Efq; Trfafurer.

June xxviii. IVl.DCC.LXX*

Kobert Milne, Architect*

The fcite of this building is that
of the play-houie where Shake-
Ipearc atled.

Extras 9f a Letter from Mr. John
HtU^ of Hull, gi*ving an Account
of tbe Lo/m of the Bet fey, Capt.
tVatfon, from Virgnia to Charles •
9VTu/r> Soutb'CaroUna*

On the 1 6th of May, having left
Cape Henry bot three days, as we
were (landing co the fouthward, the
wind came from the north to north -
wcfl, and blew extremely hard,
which occafioned a great fwell ;
before preparations coal J be made,
our veflel was laid upon her beam-
ends. In about five minutes we
loH (ix hands off the decks, wh.*n
our mizen-maft was cut away, but
to DO pjrpole ; our main-mad was
then cut by the board, and our
ibrc-mall going at the fame time»
which we lalhcd together, our ^ip
then ftoking, obliged us to fwim
to \\\z mall, where we lay floating
leven- and -thirty hours, when we
wc e ttken up by an European
Ihip bounJ forGlafgow. Our cap-
tain was lull, after breaking five
of his ribs, occafioned by the force
of the tiller ilanding at the helm.

the name of Hiaght, were aUb ki
who expired in each other's ar»t
and alfo the atorefaid fix haa^
Our number faved was thincci.
Our (hip and cargo belonged i»
Nathan Alben Smith, of VirgiBti.
who is the greateil fuffcrer bf ihl
unhappy event.

Tnis day the poll for the ^
Lord Mayor of the city of "
London, for the remainder of tb
mayoralty, ended at GuildbiD;
when the numbers weiC> for Al*
derman Trecothsck 1601 ; Croftf
1434; Bankes 437 ; wherapM
the return of the two former baif
made to the court of Aidermea A
their choice, the election was de-
clared for Alderman TrecothicL
He was therefore immediately i»*
veiled with the gold chain.

The annual medals given bf
Lord Bruce to the lludentt of Wit-
cheller-college, were adjudged chb
year to the following gentlenea/
The gold one, for the beft copy of
Latin yeT{t%t to Thomas Hetit
Lowih,E q; the BiChopof Oxfbtdi
fun ; and the (ilver ones, for cU
cution, to Edward Sandford, asd
Francis Paul Stratford » Efqri«

A trajical adir happened dir*
ing the courte of the prefent moath
at Lyons in France; a yo«n|
couple having conceived a violcftt
palTion for each other, and not
being able to obtain their parenti
con fen t to marry, formed the ex*
travagant refolution of conliitutiag
a kind of chapel, and fetting op
an altar before which they wert
reciprocally to fwcar eternal fideii-
ty to each other, and then to (hooc
themfelvcs through the head ; all
which they executed. It is added«
that they had carried their roman*
tic notion fo far, as to parchafe a'

A young lady and her father* of dagger, to accomplish their par*

pofe

CHRONICLE.

b^s

fbk of miiDg tbcxnfclves, if the
BiAab had failed of chat eft'cd.
The lad «rai the fon of a fencing-
Bafter» and the girl the daughter
af a wealthy inn- keeper.

I«ctters from Venice declare, that
dbc republic have done every thing
in their power to convince the
Turks of their being determined
to maintaia a firidt neutrality. A
corps of troops has been fent to
Cephalonia, in order to feize the
effcds of Count Metaxa, and fome
ocbers who enered on board the
Raffiaa fleet. The principal ma-
{iftrate of this (late at Corfu has
confiicated the goods of Capt. Pa-
]ieachia, who had armrd a mer-
chant ibip he commanded, and
joined the Imperial fleet. A re-
■rard of 200 ducats hat been of-
ftred for the apprrhending him.

The news from the Morea, dur-
ing the courfe of the prefent
month, has been unfavourable to
the Ruffians and iufurgenis who
have joined them. The Turks
being reinforced^ are faid to have
failea npon them with great fury,
to have retaken Patreflb, and to
have flanghtered without mercy
all the Greeks and Ruflians who
fell into their hands. The Eng-
liih Conful with his fon and family
efcapcd, almoft miracuoufly. The
bloody rage that incenfes ci^e Turks
aad Chriilians againft each other,
b produdive of the molt fava;tc
cruelties, and excites even to the
ripping up of women and chil-
dren.

They write from Paris, that the
pleaiing behaviour and extraordi-
■ary affiibility of the Dauphinel's,
»ain her univerfal admiration.
with the King's permiflloK (he
^ifpcnfes with feveral points of
ccicaonjy inviting her brothers

and fiders and her aunts to fup
with her as often as (he pleafes;
and her Royal Highnefs goes to
ke them with the fame freedom.
She rides out with a mailer of the
horfe, and walks about unattended
with (ervants, with that freedom
which is fuitable to her lively diA-
pofitiun, and at the faune time
conducive 10 her health.

Extra3 of a Letter from Fariu

The precedency given at the
Ball Pare on the 19th ult. to Ma-
dcmoirelle de Lorraine, who danced
immediately after the Princes of
the Blood, having given offence to
many of the principal nobility, the
King, in order to remove the piqae
they had taken on that account^
wrote the following circular letter
to them.

" The AmbaiTador finom the
Emperor and Kmprefs Queen a(ked
of mc on the part of his mafier
and MillreG» that T would be
pltafed to confer fome mark of
diiiin^ion on Mademoifelle de
Lorraine on the prefent occafioa
of the marriage of the Dauphin my
granvJon with the archduchefs.
The dkncing at the ball being the
only tiling that could not be deemed
ac a precedent ibr the future, the
choice of the dancers being en-
tirely dependant on my will, with-
out regard or precedency, rank«
or dignity (except the Princes and
PrincefTes lii the Blood, who can-
not be ranked with any other
French family) and being unwil-'
ling to change or make innova*
t'ons on what has been the pradice
and cui^om of my court, I think
that the principal nobility of my
kii gdom wiil not depart from the
fidelity, fubmi(rion, attachment,

and

124] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1^70.

tnd tvtn friendlhip which they and from that of Moofieor f

have always (hewn to myfclf as Intendaut. They wiil appl)

VfcW as to my predeceflbrs, nor ad you for your diredions in t

To as to difpleafe me in any re- alFiirs, which thc-y \Mil ctleci

fptdf and more erpt*cial1y on the favour. 1 fincerely give you

prefent occafioo, when I am de- blefling, and am, ^c.
firous to teilify my gratitude to

the Emprefs Queen for the prefent An unworthy Capuchin.
fhe has made to me, which I hope,

fts well a^ you, will comple^it the Died lately. 'h-c ?^cv li. Ci^

happihefs of the remainder of my re^lor of RJton, i=i Lintot'.

life." upwarJs oi 50 v'.ar?. IJr >^i

'The Kinj: finding that the above French protc ;i;:t, a-ui It-*

did not quite reconcile the alarnos country ftr hi^ rc!;^ :(>:..

of the nobility, has been plealcd Mr. H^n], Lee, or *.>uj . .

to declare that a lady of quality apornecary, a; eu go.

(hall be the firft who daixe^ after Mr. Thoma? i»tfr -.rJ. t;.

the Piinces and PrinceflTes of the chatiJ er. worth lo-.cc I.

Biood, at the ball which (hall be Ann Hi fieid aiud jcc,

given on account of the marriage Tinfley, Yv.r fhue.

of his Royal Highnefs the Count J.nnrs H;«t*ielo, rg«*ci i.n.

dc Pro\ence. in confequence of is fa.d to have fav^d W'^ i:u

this dcclnrtiion, the Duivcs have hearitii; Sc. Paul's clock it'.k

met to draw up an addrefs of at Windier,

thanks to his Maj«ily. John Hiyne>, ai^cd U)

The following copy of a letter Wcw>ton-i]aHot, Wilts,

from Mr. de Voltaire to the M'r- Ralph Nied, near Cht lie r,

ihal D'jke de Richlieu, is handed 107 ; he had barxd iix wives.

about. _

*• I wifh, mv lord, to have the

plcafure of giving you my blclling JULY.
Lciore I die, Tne cxpreilion may

be new to you, bat it is neverthe- This morning were cxe-

leis true. 1 have the honour to be cuted at Tyburn, purluant to

a capuchin : our (»eneral at Rome their fentcnce, James Aitawa

hns juit fent inc my patent, in Rich.ird Bailey, fur ilealii

uhich I am Ililcd fpiritual brother, quantity of plate in the hci

and temporal father Capuchin, 'rhoaias Le Mcrr, Eiq; in

Send me word which of your de- ford-row : Daniel Pfluyer,

ceaied millrclTes you would wiih burglary in tne houie of 1<

to get cut of purgatory, and 1 Walker, in Little Caitcr

fwear by my beard, fhe ihali not Francis Lutterdl, for ih

be th:rc 2+ hours longer. As in wearing apparel, the pre pei

confequence oi my nvw vocation, Thomas Jackfon, in the t,r^\

1 mult give up th: good things of William Shepherd, in Dell

this world, 1 have reiignrd to my 'I'emple-bar ; and John Read

relations whs: it uuj to mc of the Miller, for returning itoca

efUueof the Uie Pnaceff dc Guile, portation.

CHRONICLE. [i»5 -

Tke robbery for which Aitaway in the palTage, to fee whether thejr

id Si'ley inSered, wag odc of hc3td mc. thinking if they did, f

le mall artfoL, and d.iring that was a dead man. There is a llc}-

u heen known. Ahout nine in light: I got hold of a leaden pipe,

W eveniag. Mr. Le Mcrr, the and got up, and bard ihe window

troltcutcr, being in the cotintry, wiih my head. In trying ta get

hev. ni'-h an accomplice not yet through, [ ilucic half in aai half

akeo, knocked at the door of hi) out, and could neither get one

kKile, 2nd when it was opened, way nor the other, for about three

Jiile; delivered a letter lo the or four minoteii with the rope

batman, which he faid wai for hi) about me. At lad I got out, and

ai^rri but before the tnan could into ths (table, and from thence

reid the direction, they burft in at into the coach-houfe, and out of

(he door, (hat it. and one of the that into the yard; then I called

filUini dabbed him in the belly for help as fall a( poflible. I went

•ith a dagger ; then took a cord out of the back liable yard to a

•liich they had provided, tied hi« public houfe, and immediately five

tudi behind him, robbed him of or Gx men came.'

Ui witch, and dragged him down This day there was a very ,

ftain into the kitchen, where they full court of Common council "

■aid hit hands, and made him held at Guildhall, when a motion

ligM a candle ; thii done, they ti- was made, that a (latue might be

eJ ill bandi behind him a fecond ceflfd of the late right hon.

ligw, bringing the rope iiill round William S:cktord, Efqi Lord-

kiincck, then acroft hij face, and mayor, with an infcription cOn-

ia fncb a manner, thjt it went taining the words which his Lord*

ibnigb his mouth, and confined fhip fpoke to hii Majcfty at St,

il open, roakinj; the ends of the James's, on prefenting the city

(ope fall behind. Thus bound, remonihance ; and a committee of

wy dragged him back into a dark fix Ald(;rmea and twelve Com-

p^e, and there boiled him in. moneri ii appointed to carry the

i» a few minutes one of them re- fame into immediate e^tecution ;

'snied to fee if h= was fait, and and are impowered to draw on the

Hieg told, as well as the man chamber for any fum not exceed-

ftuIJ I'pcak, that lie was fall e- in^ toool. towards defraying the

Wiigh, they then burfl open the enpence of the fame.

pMtry, where the plaie was, and The new Imperial EmbaTaJor

pulted it up. In the mean tinie, had an audi-nce of his M jc ly, in

lit man had gnawed the rope in order to deliver his creJentials.

:*0 with his teeth, and got his This day came on in the Cijurt

undt loofe. " 1 then thought, of King's bench, W'^itminiler, b;-

fiyi the man in hii evidence, be- fore th: right hon. the Lord Manf-

sre the court,) that if 1 could get lield. the great caufe beiw<:cn Lord

brick out at the top, I might t;et G— — - and bis roy.tl highneri tii::

p in:o the area, and not Itay D— of C -. The d,i:n.n;es

leediog there while they were were hi i at too ,000 i. and n ^.e^t

abbing my mafter's houie. I nuinliL-r of witn-llji cx.iminci,

'lud open the door, and liftcned ^liich cxaaiiaation ended ab-"it .

ia6] ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

two o'clock* when Mr. Dunning,

coonfel f6r his r-— h , the

dcfeudinty recapitaUted moft of
the material parts of the evidence,
aud obfervcd thereupon, that
though the intimacy of the ac-
cofed parties had been fufiicientl/

S roved nut only by the witnefTcs,
ut alfo by a variety of letters that
pafled between them> which were
read in court, yet he aiTerted that
the plaintiff had not brought any
proof of the criminal ad, for
which the adlion was laid.

At feven o'clock in the evening
the right hon. Lord Mansfield gave
his charge to the jiM'y, when they
withdrew, and his lord(hip ad-
journed the court to his houfe in
Bloomibury-fquare ; CKaiUy at ten
the jury left the hall» and proceed-
ed to his lordfti'.p's houfe, where
they gave a verdid for the plain-
tifi*, with ten thoufand pounds da-
mages.

At a general convention of the
cftates and legiflature of the Ifle of
Mann, being the firft high court
of Tynwald that has been holden
there under the aufpices of his
prefcnt Majefty, fince the regali-
ties of Mann and the Ides have
been annexed to the crown of
Great Britain, the Bifhop and
Clergy of the dioccfe prcrfented an
addrcfs to his Excellency John
Wood, E:q; the Govern -^r, in
whirh they congratulated his Ex-
cellency on ihr royal favour of be-
ing commiirioneJ by his Majeily to
the vici-gerency of that i(l*nd, and
ex'prcfs ihiir joy at feeing their
sniicnt, fuprcme, conlliiutional,
nnd fo much uifliid for court of
Tynwald. re ft o red to its for-
mer or rather fupcrior luftre and
importance ; and conclude with
earned fupplicaiioos that Lit Ma*

jedy may never want ft) faithM i
reprefentative» the church (b fii-
cere a friend, or that ifland fe ac-
ceprable a governor.

The governor coocladet \a$
anfwer, lo t happy imiution ct
Shakefpeare.

Your applaafe, my lord, reflefii
a virtue on myfelf» and makes mi
proud indeed !

To the archdeacon and clergy,
he faid. To deferve your efteembai
ever been my peculiar ftudy; lo
preferve it (hall be my cooftaal
care. The fame wife providcoci
which has inlpired your goodneCh
will, 1 doubt not,' teach me, aste
as I am able, to encourage and it*
ward its labours.

A large fum of money, beio{
part of the produce of crown laodi
on the ifland of Grenada, was re-
ceived at the t re fury.

A young woodcock was caka
in a iicil near Prcflie Car, and wu
(hewn at Newcalile as a great ca-
rio(ity. The old ones were (ceB«
but efcaped. 1 n Borlace'a accoaat
of Cornwall there is a print of a
young woodoxk found (ome yean
ago in that county.

T/je Duke of Orleans* i Jm/wer U thi
Cbancelior of France at thi Bid
of Jufiice, 'held at VtrJailUt tkt

27'^ of y^"'' *770» wAfw hit
Malcfty caufed his Li/tirt Patat

to he rcgfjtered.

4

t
t
«

i
t

' Even though not bound bj dtt
article of Parliament to which I
Consented yellerday, I could not
in conlcience deliver my opinion
in a place where voices are not
free, upon Letters Patent, not left
contrary tj the laws and maxims
of the kingdcm, than to the ho-
nour of the country.'

I The

CHRONICLE.

[117

( (Ikii fitd to ihf duke
* In cafe my pirlia-
ild iff-mble onntxt of
&ad pecrt, 1 rarbid jrnu
lent kc rhe pilice, and
•a 10 tell tbii to the o-
e« of (be blood.

4 8 W £ R.

■%M,

ur prince* oF the blood

This order will belter

Mr nonih than mine ;

. befcech joa to excofe

g tlien turned towards
incct of tlie blood, and

re, we hear fomethittg
-ary to the rights of the
and of very little ad-
to Moof. k Duke D'

ne on the eledion of
mber to ferve in Parli-
[be city of London, in
if the late right hoo.
xkferd, Efq; deceafed.
ard Oliver, Eft); was
■got oppofitioD.' it ii
ite example* of the ci-
■don and WcHminfter,
their members wiihunt
Ul be followed by all
tiont ihtoughout £ng<
Iwn alt complaints will

rrtved this diy with the
: lofs of his MajeAy's
amaica, Capt. Talbot,
vadoei; the officers and
ired, and brought to
f the RenowDt Utel/
oriloiouili.

Letters from GreimUe declare,
that the i;ib inf). the licuienan
of tbe police there, in examining
a native of Piedmont, who waa
charged with Sealing a gold watch
from a merchant, was faddeoly af-
fanlted by the villain, who flali*
bed him in three places with a
knife ; on the clerk feizing tho
fellow behind, he received a flab
from the latter in the ftomacb, of
which be died. The dcfperado.
feeing no profpefi of efcape, thea
llabbcd himfelf in four placeit aii4
expired infiantly. Hi) body th«
next day was, by order of the par-
liament, drawn on a hurdle, and
treated with every mark of iiulig*
nity.

They write from Boflon, in
Lincoln (hire, that a few days ago
a murder was committed by a pri-
vate dragoon, in Bland's regiment,
quartered there, 00 the body of
a countryman from Frilkney :— •
The parties appeared very jocia*
ble, and had fpent a great part
of tbe day and night together at
a pnblic houfe: towards morning
the dcceafed went to bed in the
foldier'i room, where the latter
foon followed, and immediately
on his entrance into the chamber
drew a bayonet, and llabbed hia
companion in a moft inbnman
manner, in fereral parts of hia
body; then with the clabend beat
him very cruelly on the head, and
fuppoflng him dead, left him weU

teting in hit blood on the floor

He then attempted tbe landlady's
room (it is feared for the fame
purpofe) which rellficd his tlrong-
ell effor'B j but the Dcife he made
alarmed the familv, who foon dif-
covered the mtirdcr, and had him
properly fccutcd; be was foots
after

128] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770,

after conveyed to Lincoln-caiDe, Venetian fequins, was cini

gaarded by confiables, and two of the palace. The whole too

the military : when enquiries wrre their goods and moncjr is con

made, what could induce him to at 8oo,ooo piaflers.
fo great an adl of cruelty, the only Tuefday lailcame on to be

anfwer he would return was. He at the fittings to Weftminllci

thirfied for bloody and if in his pti'-wcr before the right Hon. Lord

nvouid have /vcrr.— -'Ihe poor un- field, a caufe wherein Mr. I

happy vidlim furvived but a few an attorney at law in the c

hours: The coronets returned Glouceller, was plaintiflT, am

their verJidl* wilful murder, and bricl Harris, Efq; pofl-nal

his corpfe was C0iivc)cd to tne that city, defendant : the aAic

grave, attend'.-d by a ditlrtH'.d brou!;»ht againft the defeadar

widow and feveral children. detaining a letter received .

, A new llatute to regulate poft-i.ffice there, dir^ded 1

^ * the academical habits was pluintifF, and not delivering th

paiTed in the convocation ac Ox- to the plaintiff, at his place of

ford, by which the dilputes' thit in the faid city ; and the erei

have htcly ari-accd that Tea', of determine, whether the poft-i

learning, arc hii:.l<y termlLi: ti'd. i^ not obliged to deliver all li

Thcfe dilpuies wi-rr i.ot :«r 10 irif- received at his office, to the ii

ling a nature as ihc) h«ivrbf:en ic- tants to whom the fame are dir

prefer ted to be ; the point 'v\ (mrT- at their places of abode, %

tion was net fo much whcih.i this any further compofiiion or

or that ranker deg>t'c ot ac.id^niics, mert (hail the legal rate of pc

fliould be diHinguilhcd by th > or The jury gave a f'pecial veitii

that peculiar gown or c»p, a& who- the plaintiff, which will be 1

ther the flatutes of the univerfity before the court of Kjng*a-

ihould be difpcnfed with at the will in Michaelmas term,,
and plcafure of any particular lir;id The fcflicns at iiie Old

of a college ; or even by the au.ho- Bailey, which began on the

rity of tr.e heads ot tHj houi'es in preceding Wednefday, endc

general, independently of the en- which fevcn perfons, three of

vocaticn, in wh-ch the IrgiHitive for murder, received fentea

power rclulcd : ihiillaturchns liicre- death, It was the largcA i

tore placed the whole of this nia:tcr thst has brrn known, and

upon a proper footing. very remarkable trials were 1

L« :ttr$ Ircr.i Tunik, May 31, fay, particularly that of Grieves ft

" On the 2;ihin:'.unc nil 'he Greeks ting his houfe on fire ; and «

in thi» cirv, iv'th cccIrfiaiVics and three murderers, t^^o of then

mcrchnns, and their I'crvants, a- fcr the inur<Icr of MefTrs. Vet

mounting: ru :ib.out i^r in number, and Rogers, by (hooting ihco

were arreted byoilrrof the Bey ; on the highway; and the th

a: the fame tin.e ihcir clt'ccts were watchman, for the murder

frir.rJ and put in the war'ht^ufes, wom:m with whom he coha

and all their ready mofu-v, am: UM- bv llibbinj her to the

iog to the value of about 25, coo Grieves was acquitted aboa

CHRONICLE. [129

UDg. Air wajit of pofitive men, tbejr knocked Ricbardfon and
faoagk circnmAancei were Pox, not yet tiken, down twice;
untthim. that feariog to be overpowered,
OB befini Lord Mantlield Richardlon (hot Veoablei, ind
>ecial.jnn, at Guildhall, Conowaj' fhot Rogers at the {\me
the trUI of Mr. Uiller, time. Cohoway at firft refufed to
^liAiBg Jtiaiu's letter in plead, but being talcco down and
Aon Evenio^ PofI ; only Aewn the apparatoi for preffing;
the fpecial jarjr Attended, him to death, if he rerured, he re-
ire talefmea were allowed lenced, and after condemnation,
kea oat of the box. The he feencd mach moved, and blefTed
>led aboot eleven, and at the jodge* for their kiodnefi to
J waited upon Lord Mant- him. They were both brought *
dj hoofe, with their ver- back from the place of execution
gailty. to Surgeoni HatI, where their
ame day the trial of Mr. chain) were pat on, and afier-
cane on befbra the fame wards were hung upon a gibbet at
mI a fpccial jnir, at the Mile-end, near the place where
cc; only leren ofthis jary the marder was committed.
appeared, and therefore John Purcell, the watchman, for
: taken out of the box ; the marder of the woman with
Med abovt three, and whom he cohabited, was executed
rpOB Lord Mansfield a- at the fame time, and was broogbt
e, with their vcrdifl, not to Sargeoas Hall, in order to be
dilTeded. He was an old foldier,
lajefiy has been pleafed to and enjoyed a penfion for his for-
it the iflaod of Dominica mer ferviccs. He denied the in*
cte6tedintoagovenirocnt, tention of murder, and faid, that
frem, and independent of having been oot with the deceafed
sal government of the a-drinkiag. they came home loge-
Caribbeciflands, of which ther late; that a dog they kept
made a part ; and to ap- beiag troublefome, he in his paf*
■ William Young, Bart. Hon fiung a knife at him, which
thereof. uafortanately tocdc place in the^dc-
Pcter CoQOway and Mi- ceafed's heart. He never attempted
lael Richardfofl, for the to fly from jaflice, but told the
<f Mr. Venables and Mr. neighbours what bad happened,
vcre executed at Tyburn, yet there was no reafon to doubt
to their fentence. They of hit guilt.

vidcd on the evidence of A caufe came on lately to be

Jon, an accomplice, who tried in the Court of Common.

It the day before the mur- pleas at Gaildhall, wherein a paf-

ommiited, they bought a fenger in the P ^— ftige-coach

Idpilloliin Georee-fireet; was plaintiff, and the mailer of

mded them with biu of the faid ftage-coach was defendant,

es of pewter fpoons ; that The charge was, that the paf-

led the deceafed with ia- fengeri reluling to dine at an

tb them, bat being llout hedge- alchouic on the load, one

:in. IK] of

130] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

of the coachman*s favoorite houfes ; int|bt be paid to hinip tsd

they wenc to another houfe at £p- mainder of the money ii

fon, and fent the coachman word arifing, or to arife^ fron tl

whither they were gone* which tre» might be paid into eon

houfe the coachman ^as obliged jeA tO failher order» and

to pafs and accordingly did TuU defendants might make

drive, and left the pafHrngers to tion to the plaintifi, fi

return to London as they might: (hares of all damages arifii

after applying to the mailer of the the mifconduft Of the dc

ft^ge in vain, the plain tiff brought fince the 9th of Sept. 1768.
this a^ion, wherein the jury found ^fter a full hearing of fi

a verdkl for the plaiaiifF, and in the courfe of which the

twenty pounds damages. points were moft ably ar

. The potl-boy carrying the counfel on both fides^ 1

^^^^' the Chichedcr roaiU had it difmifled the Eill, as to ei

privately ftolen from him between of the above prayer, exec

Newington and Clapton, by cut- related to the article of 1

ting the (Iraps which tied it to the in regard to which the o

cart, while the boy was afleep : it pleafed to retain the bilU

has fince been found in a ditch, lerve cofU for a tweWemoi

with moll of the letters opened, liberty to the plaintiffs, in I

and fome of the bags carried off. time, to bring their afiioi

Was determined before the Lords for any damages pretended

Commiflioners of the great feal, arifen to the theatre by ai

in Lincoln's- Inn Hall, the caufe Mr* Colman» done after

between the proprietors of Coven<- approbation of the plai

Garden theatre. The bill waa writing expreiTed, betweci

brought by the plaintiffs MefTrs. of Sept. 1768, and the

Hams', Dagge, and Leake, againll their filing the bill, whid

Mr. Colman and Mrs. Powell, the February 1769.
defendants, praying that certain An account was receired

articles of agreement, dated May the General Poft Office,

I4, 1767, under which Mr. Col- on Sunday the 3d of Tun

man had aflTumed the management 15 minates after (even in I

of the theatre, might be fet afide ; ing, they felt, at Cap

and that Mr. Colman might be re- Mole, four violent fhoci

drained from adling in any man- earthquake ; the moft fen

ner in the buGnefs of the theatre, two minutes and a half, 1

independent of the participation nied with a noife much

and concurrence of the plaintifi^s, echo that is heard fron

or that (bme proper peribn, or per- after the firing of cannon

ions, might be appointed for ma- town fortunately received

paging the theatre, and for re- mage: And by a French

cstiving the profits ; and that aa war that arrived there tl

account might be taken of the pro- after, from Port an Prim

fits from the 9th of September, fame iiland, they received

1768, and that the (hare belonging lancholy account of the

to the ccmplaiaaat Mr» ilorri** oiuliiioo of that city, not 1

C H R ON

Sag, sinI ibo*e joo per-
ied ia the mint ; the fe-
■k thrre lafteil four houn ;
cowa) of Pciii Goaave,
rine, equally fulFered i but
of the iDhabiunii perilheJ.
tat of Leoganc. C'ul de
ri aa Princi, and Petit
have not efcaped, all their
rki being tot ill / de-
■nd a fmill town, called
ix de Bougull, with the

rrt of ill ihbabiunti, u
op. St. Mark'j, Port

the Cape, and Fort Dau-
1)r fell the Ihock as they
e Mole,
eard in the Court of Chan-

caufe which bai been foine
lending becweeo Mr. Mil-

a bookfelier in London,

Taylor, boolcfeller at Ber-
r vending a pirated edi-

Mr. Taoinfon** Seafoni ;
- Lords CoDimiilionera of
t Teal «ere pleafed to de-
al Mr. Taylor ftiodd ac-
I Mr. Millar'* executori
lat be had fold, and fjrther
« a perpetual injunction

Mr. Tiylor. Thuj ihc
■boat literary property it
lofed, which ii a natter of
Kcra to many of the book-
. London, who hare given
Til of iDOiey to authors for
itingi ; and the bookfellcn

and country will do well
Nraroiag, that they ofFi-nd
ctling aoy pirated ediiioni

A pntpofal tnade by the
^rdi of the I'reafury to
y-Membcr*, for the ex*
of the Fleet-prifon, for
in St. George's Ficldi, to
Dew gaol, wi) reported to
of Com moo Couocil. The

I C L E. [tJJ

Lorda of the Treafury propofed to
exchange the fcite of the prifoi
(not an acre and a half] together
with the old materials (not worth
one thoufand pounds) for four
acrei and a quarter of groand at
the circus in St. George't FJeldi,
and fire thourand pounds; and ex-
pefl that the city will pull down
the Fleet -market, atid rebuild the
fame in the place of the prifon,
that the whole extent of the pre-
leat market may become a Rreet.

To the exchanging four acrea
of ground for an acre and a half,
there was no oppoGtion in Com-
mon Council, but it was fatd, thac
the moS advantageous fpot to erect
boure* for trade, ought not to b«
chofen for a prifon ; it was judged*
that four acres and a quarter ia
the beft part of St. George's Fields,
was equal to one acre and a quar-
ter in the fituaiion of the Fleet,
which IS for thiv molt part, aod
mult for ever remain back-grouad.
If ia, to demand &ve thoufud
pounds . is unreafonablc. Muck
more to exped that the city fliould
pull down and rebuild a laarketr
which to do, and to pave, would coft
at Irall thirty thoufand pounds.

That it had never been fully
conGdcred, whether the fcite of tba
prilbn would admit being made a
market et^ually convenient with
the prefent, and therefore that
could not at once be admitted,
though the propofal had been ad-

7'hat if ever an exchange of
ground took place, the removal of
the market was not to be flipulated
or expcded. The propofal »a»
therefore mjefied ; and a qoedion
propofed, that their Lordihips be
acquainted by the City Remera-
bfancer, that this CoHft cannot

i^] 2 agree

132] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

agree to thtir propcfal, bbt that to of buGnefs was difpatched. Tk
accommodate the public they are Orphan bill was read t»ice, ui
ready to treat for an ex.hange of the London Workhoafe bill piffsi
lands tor the purpole of building After the King's anfwer to (be bfl
a new prilbn in St George's Fields* addrefs of the city to his Majdf
without being fubjed to any obli- on the birth of a Princefs had bedl
gation to remove the Fleet- Markrt rfaJ. it was moved that the aofatf
from where it now (lands: it was (hould be entered in the city boobi
carried in the afiF.rmative. on which Mr. Aldermin Wifta

, This morning about fojr faid, that, " if the entering ill

*7'"* o'clock, a hrc w-s dilco- Kind's anfwcr among the cicy Ni
vered at the upper end of the cords meant any thing more ibi
Layinghoufc, in the deck yard, the bare recording that hiiofr
Porii'mcutii, which hurni'^g with cal fact, that on fjch a dij M
grea: rury, fjon aftercares com- Majclly g'^ve I'uch an anf«rer tolM
niunlca;;:d itieit :o the new hemp- ci:y*s adJrefs, if it implied lli|
hcufe, the carpenters (hops, and Oighteil degree of approbaciMi hi
to the little maii- hcufe, all which would oppofe the motion, fiw hi
buildings are entirely cnnfumed, thought the anfwer contaiocd i
with the gici:r't p'>rt uf the ilores cruel and unjull fufpicion of ill
<Vhich they contained, confiding of loyalty of the city of Londooidtf
about two cr three hundred tons it was exceedinc^ly ill-tiined ttt
of hemp, a great quantity of pitch, uncourtly, to affront the citiaenll
t^r, iail!>, rig^ipL*, and ni;ilh, i^im the i ttant of their coming in lli
all the timbrr/ Sec, which I.iy nc^r v.irmth cf their hearts, tocoapt*
the iuiJ 'i)uiioiii;^s. We have nnt tulatc their buvereign oo the lit
as yc: been able to knoA' the lofs crcaic of thj royal family; bn
of lives on thi:» drea'iful occifion, that, however, he (hould acta
but fomc have been lod, and many afcribe fo obnoxious a meafore ■
limbs br(;ken. Mr. RdJowe-'s the King, but to thofe Minifai
houfc- keeper died of the fright, who fought our ruia, «ho hi^
The hre broke oat in five JitTercnt planned the fcheroc for the fitcd
parts nut c^nii^uc:i:s to each other ; ding of innocent blood in Si
feverai prrf( n5 are in hold on fuf- George's- fields, and from theGr
picion of wilfully fettin^; it on fiie. mt^'mcnt or their power had coc
Thrre 8:t; cnnlumcd, bc/i.lc^ the naitl/.ti:J fc-'uloully endeavoBn
buiMing), a-* many rope?, i::]., ro create difl' n lions bctiveca tl
malts, ic. as wou J have cnu'j'j' I Ki-^;,' and h's .-vopic, and panic
30 iail of m'*n o\ v*.ir. [Tic h>.^ lar'y t!:e lo; ai i.ihibiiauts of tl
fufl.'ined by this drcPufi.l fiu-, \v..s grrai c.ipi': 1, to I'erve their w
at Htll cdiniatcd at h. J n in .:ji> ; ^rl;:.;?, .'liaRdoneJ, and wick
but hy a calcui^riun fi..:e i:;:.Jt-j .:C purpo.'c:.** The anf^^er of I
ror:iiii'-ir|j. aid t'ar.ir-.ii.i-j to rhc Majwfiy \\:i: cnicreJ with only I
Lor<Is ot ilic AJnvi.ilty, It uf'tLiita cl,iie oi* the )car and the daj
•nly to tlic iuxn of l4'^S.''!ol.] d: n\^n:\u

Ycftcrday \\?-j hii.l r» C'( urt of ThLTwofc'lowingmotioM pil
Gorninoii c^uhmI r.t the Ciuildli.ill in ihr Court of Common -coancil
01 thi^ city, when a grca varic;y ** That the condud of the I

cor<

CHRONICLE.

[133

oftUi citr be taken into known » thit fealbi of the year.
ration at the next Coort of Many (tt'tpt were loft in the har.
Hi'CoaDcil, and that the bonr, die wharfs mined by the
4aTor be defired id order billows that brolce againft them
of it to be iaferced in the with - aftonilbing violence, and
tkt. Charles-Town proTi dent' ally ef-

hat the oath taken by the caped by the lownefs of the tide,
er on hit admidion into The damage received is computed
>e forthwith primed and Cent at 10,000 T.

f Member of this Court." Id the Mearnei of Scotland a

Orders were fent to the ilone has been lately dug up with
Icveral royal dock-yards, to this inicription, R. iu. L. which
the guards, and to admit probably meang Rumani Imperii
igen for the future withjut Limes. A) this ii Ibppofed to nave
examination. One ftrong been dcpoliied in order to nark
bnce fecms to confirm the the limits of Cxfar's conquefts in
ihatthe dock-yard at Portf- Britain, the doabt, fays a writer
vai wilfully fel on fire, and in the public papers, whether that
, the men on board the conqueror extended the Roman
-houfe Cutler, perceiving a arms 10 the Gr.impian hills, it now
n the dock-yard, obferved folved. To this it has been ob-
gh a fpying-glafd by which jeAed, that not Cxfar, but Agrt-
aid pUinly difcern it to cola extended the Roman cuu-
iiB four diff^erent places at quells 10 the Grampian hills.
ad took it to be a (bip a- EMniurgb, Jalf 13. Yefterdiy
g. Tbi) was about three the court of feflions determined the
morning, two houn before great caufe of the peerage of the
iifcovered by the centinels aoiient and noble family of Caith-
nefs. The competition was be-
^flonteft of Grammoot wag tween William Sinclair of Rattler,
I the court of Verfailles, E'qt and James Sinclair, in Keifs.
The latter not being proved of
lawfol blood, the coort affirmed
the verdifl of the jury on a former
■ ■ 'i favour of Mr; Sinclair of

■nt of fome improper _ _
to the Countefs of Barre,
{*s miArefs, at the play,
tfnrreftion of the populac
rarg, in France, on account
learncfs of bread, alatmed
;iftracy, who called iu the
to fupprefi it, by which
tt were luft. Ax Rhei-
lodeied a magazine, a
MBC ModIu who oppofed

ider

s new livine at Kfitle-
II. near Skipton in Yorkihire,
: ifaac Truman, an old foldier,
_;d 117 years, who enjoys his
fight, and every other faculty, in
:at perfeflion as tie did at yi :
He *a3 ferjeant in the firit y-ar uf
« was received of one of the reign of Queen A nne, his been
t dreadful hurricanes hap- in fevera] campaigns abroad, and
in North- Carolina on the always behaved in a manner Lc-
Jane laft, that ever was comirig x biavefoldier. Hu whole

13+] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

time has been devoted to iifbing {on, f«r a burgliry in th€ houfe rf
ever fince he lefc the regiment in Aldermin Harley« in Aldcrij^ite*

which be I'crved.

They write from Koningfterg,
that one Schiel, a lab. urer, near
]c8 years of age» W3s taken with
the Vmall-pox laft April, from
which he is not only recovcrrcd,
but now enjoys a perfedl gcoJ Aate
of heahh.

Died lately, the Rev. Dr. Tew,
rcftor of Boldon, near N?wca(lle.
Among ether charities he has given
5CX5 1. to the Society lor prv'^pa cant-
ing the Gofpcl ; 5C0I. to Chrtit's
liorpital, where he had the luiii-
xnents or his education ; and 2C0 1.
to the Sv^is of the LKrgj'.

Mifs Symmonds, at Kcnfmgton.
Her father died the week betcre,
and left her 30,000 1.

Mr. Jeffcrics, a farmer at Ux-
bridgc, aged 104.

John Sparices, of Brixhrim, aged
105. He was carried to the grave
by eight men and women, all
grand- children, the eldrll of whom
was furty years of age, and none of
them married.

ftrcet; William Sleight, otherwiA

Hocham, for a like crime in tkt

houfe of Mrs. Parker, at Iflingtot;

and John S tret ton, for robbing tk

m;iii. This laft Aopped the pel*

boy juft as he was going oat flf

town, and told him be only wanirf

a letter that was going lo ayoMg,

woman in the country ; tbac thff

refuitfd to let him' have it at tiN

othce ; and that he would take it

out and return the bag to his mt^

ter in a hackney coach. Ai IM

night was daik, the poft-boy coqU

not fwear pofitively to his pcrfon)

but feveral bill» being Kiuod in kii

cullody that were proved to be

taken out of the mail, left no rooa

to doubi that he was the man *ti

robbed it.

A poor )abourer*s wife at Grarrf'
end WHS delivered of a moafier
that rtfembled a toad. Jt had ai
extraordinary large head, but M
features or lineament of a &cc,
except one e)e, nor the appearam
of any fex that couid be diflia-

Mr. Jonas Berry, in the Grange, guifhed. In the place of legsiol
Southwark, aged 112. He was arms were ftamps, or rather Sapi.

fadler to Queen Anne.

Robert Rofsling, E\q; aged 9;,
the oldeft inhabitant in Dorit-i.

At Wenefborg, in Sweden, a

1 he rcafbn aflignrd for this pro-
dudlion is, tNat the motbrr, in kr
pregnancy, being ar worle ia a
hop ground, a toad jumprd itfo

peafant named Svcnfon, aged 104 her lap and frighiened her cx<
years. A ycxr before his death, ceedingly.
he recovered his fight which he had
loll twelve years bcfure.

At Abo, one Ore 11 ion, a peafant
of that piaco, aged 1 1 2 years.

A U G U S 7\

Ift.

This morning were rx-
cute J at 'Ivbiirn, purluant to
their fentcticc, Wiiliam Donald*

This day came on at the aSm
?t Gui]d*rrd, l^efore the Rigk
Hon. Lord Mantf«eld, the CMf
between the Right Hon. Gcorgt
Cnfltuv, and the Rev. Mr, Horae<
The jury, after (laying out an hoar
and n iialf, brought in a verdidHv
Mr. Onilow \iith 4C0I. daflMKti
uhlch iMr. Onilow has ordered Uf
attorney to pay into the handi of
the Rev. Dr. Hallifax, trcafurcrol

C H R O N I C L Ej [135

t&e relief of clergy- snd alked whether !t wu orual

'• and orphuti ia tde afier ■ jury had brco^ht in a fo-

ny. lema verdJA, to have it cancelled f

« aCzcs at Guiidrord, Tbac he alwayt underftoud. that

ayloTt Icfjeaot in the after a verdicl was brought in by

/al S:oti regiment of i Jary, it wai decifive and iinal:

ed for the narin of Aiid farther faid. *' If thii U t»

nailer of the Wheat be the cafe, I think jiiriei to be

irWcflininller-bridg'e, entirely ufelefi and nnneceflary."

Edwards, a coachman His Lordlhip made no reply-
led, (ifsue panicuUily The Lordi Commiffioner) of the

-.I't drawing his fword Admiralty, by an adveriiremeat in

a longe at the dc- the London Gazette, premile a re-
it »as alfo proved ward of loool. for the dilcovery of
ad he then received ay of the perfons concerned in
! of bit death. 0;her f Iting the buildings in Purtfmoatk
ifirned the evidence dock on fire, to be paid upon con-
; adding, that when virion.

had given the fiab. The following 1* an cftimate of

e d— n you, and ran the furprising large veffeh lately

J proved likewife that fixed up in Dickinfon'* brewhoule

had collated the fur. at Wapping : A copper uhich

uaa endeavouring to weighf ciglit ton), and boils at one

. of the hou^e, bd^tg i.na zoo barrels and 31 gallons;

)toe and abuGve. It two calkt which boid 304 barreU

[ aggravitiag exprcf- each; two malh-tubg which held

iie Scull had provok- 69 qrs. of tnalt each, and boil 109

int, and th^t he wai quaiters per d-jy ; a cifk called t ho

age. Thejuryatfint Old Hen, which holds ito bar.

eir verdiS Gui/ij ; bat rrli ; fevenieen calks called the

;ing of opiriioo the Seventeen Chickens, which hrJd

too fevcre, d=!ircd each 70 barrels. The great cop-

■ecoufider tbe ai'iuer, per is filled by puin,-<)>in lix roi-

y returned thtir vor- nutea and three feco. ds; and tho

Immediately u^n cocks, which are mJe to take oi"

afper S;nith, a near occ^iionally, weigh Gl'.eeD h.ni.'cd,

he deceaJ'cd, a&ed a one quarter, and £v: p undi.
>rereni, whtther l.e The poll twy from New- .

:(icitt['d to projiofc a ca!l!e was robbed upon Gad - ' *

e Judge irninedi airly head Couimon, of th« mail from

perfon's name, and i!ience, containing two bagi, tick-

I walk fort^aid, whith eied NcwcaRle, and Ne>vcallle a d

:r making a ba<)dfome York, with the Ictteri for Lond ■

faid, he hopi:d thrre and intermediate place
infpeakingi m which On Si^iurday lad hu Majeity

aafwcted. No: Mr. £cni a gentleman to Mr. Ak rm.n,

ilferved, that he was kceptr of Newga:e, to py rl-^

: i at toil irai)iaAlon, fum of one b'jndrcd p^ULOi » b .h

[K] 4

13^^] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

was levied by the Houfe of Lords fall of the hoofet. The lotendol

on Mr. Edmunds (late publilher of of the province ii gtMie thither IB

the Middlefex Journal, in which eive the diredioni neceflary a

was infcrted the Lords Protcil :) uich a calamity.

The dues to the Black Rod are or- Paris, July 30. Letten ftoaSi

dered n..t to be paid. Domingo confirm the melaodNll!

A remarkabl ' trial came on at account of the calamity whid

the aflizei at , before Baron happened there on the jd of \A

Adams, and a fpecial jary, brought month. It is faid the eardiqaib

by a Miller again ft his Reflor, on extended thirty-five leafoesi de

the ilatute of Hen. YIIL which in- fea rcfe a league and a half op iav

fii^s a penalty of 10 1. a month the ifland; a river is choakra ifi

for non-refidence ; when a verdict and in a manner almoft kift; filf

was given for the Miller with coils towns almoft deftroyed ; and lb

of fuic. The non-refidence was fugar- works demdiihed. Forti*

proved for ten months, the penalty nately it happened between Aia

for which is icol. and eight o^cIock in the evciil^

Mr. Dennis Connel was com- when mod of the inhabttaats MR

mitted to gaol at Lifbon in an ar- out of their houfes ; but the IM*

bitrary manner, in violation of the ber of white perfons loft are abaM

privileges granted to the Britifh four hundred. The fortanei tf

nation by the mod folemn treaties, feveral great families in this csi^*

for refuting to fign a claim made try miift have fufifered by it.

by brokers for brokerage on fales The young Prince c^ Pnif« gx

at which they were not employed, fia was chriftened at Potidim,

with a defign to lay the whole Bri* by the name of Frederick- Wilte

tiOi commerce in that country nn- The fponfors were the EnpeMip

der contribution. Prince Ferdinand of ProffiSf tkl

The Pope held a fecret con- Prince of Deux-Pont8> the £■•

fiP.ory at Rome, in which he an- prefs of Ruffia, and the PriaoA

nounced to the learned college, in of Orange. That a popifli PriiV

an elegant fpcech* the reconcilia- fhould be at the head of this Sfc

tion between the Holy See and the and that of two proteftant Soi^

King of Portugal. reigns, nearly related, neither rf

Nancy, July 30. A violent tern- them flioald be invited, is not 0*

pell, followed by a heavy rain, fily accounted for.
which continued 24 hours, has

m^dc terrible devallation in this To form fome opinkm of tf

province. At Plomberies in parti- mighty lofs which the French il*

cular it was attended with the mod tion has fuftained, by the kit

lamentable confequences. The lit- dreadful calamity in IfifpadaW

tie river which runs through that we (hall give our readers the il-

town became a torrent, and, in a lowing ellimate, which has tan

quarter of an hour, the water rofe handed about, and faid te ht'A

ten feet : Seventeen houfes were true account of the prodoee ll

thrown down, and the baths filled that part of the iOand in their pflf*

with the ruins ; and many perfons fefiion, generally known by Al

pcrifhed in the water, or b/ the name of St. Domingo.

[■«

1.

•• J.

3,400.000

83.333

6 a

liO.OOO

0 9

ao,ooo

0 -fl

150,000

0 q

».773.333

6 «

CHRONICLE

i<)ds brmn. 160,000 bhd*. 10 cnt. escb,
[I. aeiiug Mr hogjheid ■..

5.000/MM iV >t4d. per poDod ^-^

, 8000 bagi. 300ID. euh, it 15I. per bag
I kathor, to^ooo bidea, at 101, eacb hide

XiOOOJMOlb. ai 3 1. per pouad •

Tbeir Majeftici cane from A fhip of very ancient -'.

idiWMd 10 St. James's, coaflruAion wu difcovered, '"^

be Prince of Hefle Darm- aod weighed up near Newcafile.

with hit family, appeared the keel of which ii upward* Of

n, and received particuUr 70 feet; her planki over-lap on|^

of their Uajeftieiaiceiitioa. another, and flie appear! to bg

ajah aade the j'oang Pria- Spaiiifh built, and ii fuppofed 1^

preicat of a rich diamond be one of the fhip* fuak M fhf

mi necklace, in a manner Spanilh invafion.
I aaUe and geoeroai than Wai determined at the affiz/i af

I After fltewiog the Jewell York, before Mr. JnUice Aflof

Princefi, her Majefty alked and a fpecial jury, the great lead-

nighc pnt them about her miQC caufe, beiag an illue vlircde4

li'a neck, which honour be- by the court of Chaoccnr, wbereii}

litely accepted, after adjaH- Mr. Thomai Smith, of Gray'i-inn.

I collar, her MajeSy declared wai platntif. and the ea^ of Pom-:

xane her much, and hoped fret, defendant ; when, after a fiilt

lid wear them u a token of hearing, the jury haying, prcvi-

aenbrance and regard. The oufly to the trial, vie^Kd the place

, with hii family, who >p- in queftion, and it 'appeared plain-

tncognito, took leave of ly to have been an anticoi tncta-

Uajcffies, and a Aw day* fare (bought above 30 yeara ago,

t out ibr Parii. and enjoy^ ai fuch by Mr. Smith)

■arrcl hupcned between a the jory found a verdict for the

ad hi> win in Beimondfey- plainti^. The above it the lead-

Sontbwark, when the wo* mine in Swaledulc, faid to produce

latched up a red-hot poker, an immenCe fum, and mentioned

a it in the man'i eye ; the lately to have been difcovercd in

1 in ku agony threw a knife Lord Pomfret's clUte.
wifie, and killed her on the The council for the plaintiff

The Jury brought in their were Mr. Weddcrburn, Mr. WaU

accidental death. lace, Serjeant Afpinal, Mr. John-

iagtheviotenceof a thunder fon, and Mr. Eden ; and for Lord

K Brighthclmftone, the fea Poinfret, Mr. Dunnin;;, (who went

at one awtion fifty feet, on purpofe, and bail ;ioo );uineaj,)

Idcll man living never re. Meifrs. Lee, \VaIlcer,l>awlon, Da-

»vd4hc like. venport, snd Chator.

15 th. la

138] ANNOAL register, 1770.

th Tn confeqaenceof the ver- on Pinchley-Connion bj a
^ * diA given in favour of Mr. bighway-maa^ who carried c

Smith at York ailizes. Lord Pomfret bags* ticketed ColtfiiU and

is faid to have addreifed the tenants It is faid the letters in tbefSi

of the manors of Healaogh Old would take a man a week tc

Land and Healaugh New Land, and examine | but the O

at the market crofs Richmond in bag was found unopened, ai

Yorkfhire ; in which among other Iriib bag with only fome b

things his Lord(hip faid, ' That wanting,
the jury afliimed to themfelves a Laft week was foand* t«

legiflative power> and had given deep, in a piece of groond

to Mr. Smith* as hit private pro* Friers gardens in the city of

fcrty, the Hall Moor, which time belonging to Mr. Telford,

immemorial had been their right the workmen were digging,

of inheritance ; that he doubted part of the foundation of a 1

sot bringing to (hame, the authors of Roman brick-work, fo

aod abettors of thofe wicked pro- cemented , that it refided the

ceedings ;' and therefore eocou- of a pick. This fragmer

tat^t\ them to afTert their claim the fegmentof a circ-e, aod .

ipeedily, as the right of common- below was taken op a flat gri

age all over England depended up- three feet long, two feet broa

on their fuccefs. about eight inches thick, w

Laft tight between eleven and following infcription :

**fi!f/5 M^' V*"'.'''' '•" ''™''' DEO SANCTO

eat behmd Mrs. Crawley's iron ma- SERA PI

nafadory, at Greenwich, which TEMPLUM ASO

confomed upwards of £xty houfes; ^q FRCFT

it if thought to have been malici- ^L. HIERONOMY

oofly done, wirh intention to de- ANUS LEG

ilroy the king's warehoufes, at t p^i TTT ^,fi-i-«

that place, which, by the (hifting ^^^ VI VICIT

cf the wind, were luckily preferved. with fome R)man coins of

^ A bufto of his Danifh fian and others, but much di

' Majelly, carved at Copen- The Society of Arts haTC

liagen, and fent by him as a pre- a filver medal to Mr. Ja

fent to the Univerfity of Oxford, former in the Ifle of Than

was brought to the queen's palace his account of the culture

fw their Majellies ififpeflion, who new kind of winter's food J

came to town about noon and tic, calhd the tmrn'tp-reotui c

viewed it. This plant kept growing

The 36th part of the king's end of the fpring. His j

moiety ol" the New River water from it, including both he

works, was fold by public auAion root, was in proportion to ^

at Garraway's coffce-houfcs for the an acre. — This is the propi

fnm of 6700 1. of fowing the feeJ, in ordei

lOth ^^^^y t^'« morning the planted oi.t early in the

-^ * poll boy carrying the Chef- and the fpring following

icr mail from Lcmdon, was robbed plants will be at their full [

CHRONICLE. t<39

There lui hen Utel/ itkmtrti

iM Ike cooDty of Caermirihfn, the SUMMER CIRCUIT,
fcinditioa of an antieot temple,

mriA aa altar eoiirc, oa one fide of At Maidnone affizet, ibree were

whick appean ft cornocosiai and capitally convifled, but were all

«Btbc other an angural Itiff. By reprieved.

■kc ialcripiion it appean tc have At Guildford aSzn, live were

ftccndedicaud toFoituue. capitally conviAed, one of whoB

A canfe wai tried between the wa reprieved.

Set. Mr. HawkiM, of Whiichnrch At the aflizes for SofFblk, at

Ckaonicurum. plaiaiiffi and the Bury St. Edmond'if two were ca"

fvilhionen defendanit. The ac- pitally convJOed.

' rioBwai brought againfl the defen- At Lincnin afl^zc;, the dragoon,

dim for rcfaGng lo pay a (hilling for the barbnrous laurder cammit-

tyAcoa every bog Diead of cyder, led on a coiintrynian at Bofian,

alud of 4 d. for every orchard ; wat capititly convifled.

«ka [he juiy, which wa* (pecial, Ai York aSizes, two were cap!-

pm their verdiA la favour of the tally conviOed, ooe of n-hon wa*

tttendaau. reprieved.

At the aOizei at DDrbam, Ro-

ttrMSt/m LilttrfrtmlfirliiigieiT, faert Hizlit was tried on two in.

aCamierloJidiJateJtic lybiii^. diftinents; one for robbing a
Lady, and the other for robbing

' A dreadfol accident hai hap- the Netvcaltic Mail, on both which

lencdMSir Jamei Lotviher'i col- indifltncnti he wu (band goilty;

lioy. at Se.iton. near this town, but having returned all the bilU

Snc Toul air was (tifpt&td to be and notej taken out of the mail,

ia the pit, and the men not be- and hjving alfo made a frank con-

ii>{ permitted to {^0 down, but let- fcSion where the mail wat hid, fo

tiic down a candle in a Unthorn. that every thing had been recover-

illtl fire to the foul air, which ed, he his received a Ihort re.

*nt off with fo Jood an rxplo. prieve, that hii triendi may have

in. that it ii faid it wa* heard time to intercede in hii behalf.

K Cockermouih, uliich is fix He is a young man, and was clerk
nlndillaat. Ihtiexplafion blew> tn Mr. Bamford in London, and

If one nan quite over the gin- was upon a tour to fee hii friends .

tafc, tree and all. and another in in Yoikftiire, when he committed

ikc waggon way, who were both the robberies of which he has been

billed i a third wai fo hurt that he conviAed.

died ihii morning; Sir J.imes'i At the Norfoll; aBizct, Jimt*

priocipnl fUward ii much fcorcbed. Frith, for entering his millreVi

aad ■■ ooder-fleward much hurt; bedchamber in the night, and

a ^ntlenian, who wai a Ipc^a- ftealiog thereout a trunk with 140I.

■ar loft (he fight of Ane eye ; (e- in it, was tried and found guilty

Tcral others, whofc curiofity led of the theft, but acquitted trf the

them to the fpot, have fuJfercd hurgUry. He is to be tranfportcd

ffcatlj .* for fcvcn yearj.

J4oi ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770

At Chelmsford affizes* a caufe read it to the defendant, w!

Urai tried befbie Mr« Baron Sniythe» wife read it himfelf* and fi

Wherein Mr. Dines, of Althorn, in the prefence of foor w

Was pUintiff, and an inhabitant of who fubfcribed their name

Margaret kooting, defendant. The defendant added, "

The plaintiflT had engaged to marry d— — d if I don't itand to

the defendaht's daughter Sarah, at I never fiand to any thing

the. repeated in ftances of her father, long as I ]i?e." On the

On his promifi ^g a portion of 500 1. July 1^69, the plaintiflTs \

to be psdd on the day of marriage, delivered of a fon ; but th<

In cocfequcnce of this promife^ the dant refufed either to ftai

plaintiff married the faid Sarah on father to the child, or to

the 6ch of Auguft, 1766; and faid fu(n of 5 col. It was 1

|)rcvious to the marriage, the de- in his defence, that he «

fendant promifed to make his fober when he liEned the

daughter worth loool. or as much but the contrary being ^uily

as the plaintilTs father (hould give the jury gave a vcrdid

to him. Soon after the marriage, plaintiff for 500I.

the plaintiiPs father put his ion At Stafford aflizes, tw

into the poffeflion of two farms, capitally c^nvi^ed, but wt

and gave him ft ck upon the fame reprieved,

worth at kaft icool. notwitb- At Warwick aflizes, thn

(landing which the defendant re- capitally convided.

fufcd to fulfil his proroifes. On At Shrewibury aflizes,

the 5th of April 1768, the defen- foners were tried, fix of*

dant being at the plaintiff's houfe, were capitally convided.

in company with divers other per- At the aflizes at Carlif

fons, and obferving a child walk- were capitally convided, b

sng about the room, faid, " he reprieved, and ordered foi

Viiihcd he could fee tome of the portation.

plaintiff's children." The latter At the aflizes at Bucki

kofwered, thai '* He was furprizcd Jofeph Dobbs was tried foi

he fliould be glad to fee any r f his, ing open the Itables of Jan

or to fee his houfe filled with chiU ley, Efq; of Langleybrooi

dren, when he had not made good cutting the fineMs of a hor:

iny one of his promifes, or given in fuch a majiner, that he i

any thing towards bringing up a dcnth. He was found guili

family :" The defendant replied, fentenccd to be hanged ;

*' be would be d— ~d if he did the incerceflion of the profec

tot give him 500]. on the birth was reprieved for tranfponai

of his flrft child, whether a boy or At Winchefter affizes, t«

girl, and would ftand godfather to capitally convifted.

the child ;'* and being aflced to give At Salin)ury affizes, thre

a note or fome other fecurity for capitally convided, but w<

the fulfilling of his promifc, he de- prieved for traniportation.

fired the plaintiff to write a note. At this aflizes a rcmarkab

which he accordingly did, and came on, wherein a Farm

> P

CHRONICLE. [i4i

eBtlff, and his Carter defen- the plaintifF with one half-penny

t. The a£bon was broughc damages.
agiinft the defendant for debauch- Ac the affizes for the county of

lag the plaintifPsdaughccr, a girl Somcrfct, at Bridgewater, three

of fifteen, and having a child by perfons were condemned, viz.

kr, ptr ^uod/ervitiam amiftt. The George Shepherd, for felonioufl/

)m foand a verdiA for the plain- carrying away upwards of looo I.

of with icol. damages, in money, and feveral medals, dcc^

At the affizes at Dorchefter only the property of Meflrs. Harris, ac

One prifoner was capitally conviA- Taunton ; John Moor, for dealing

ed, a man 70 years of age, for two oxen : and James Morgan, fop

boriie-ftealing; but before the judge Healing a linen handkerchief,

left the town he was ordered for Sh-pherd was left for execution,

tranfportation, which he at firil but Moor and Morgan were rer

TtfafeJ, but afterwards accepted prieved for feven years tranfporta-

of the c'ement o:Fer. tion. John Tidball, charged with

Robert Bartlett, for the murder breaking into the Cuflom-houfe at

of his brother, was brought in Minphe«)d, was acquitted.
cuD-ilaaghier, and burnt iu the At Hereford allizes, two were

bnd. capitally convicted, but were boti^

At the aflizes for the county of reprieved.
DircD, Mary Quarram, aged op- Capt. Marmaduke Bowcn, Lewis
vuds of 64. for the iqarder of her Bowen his fon, and John Williams,
{randlon, an infant about a year the murderer, were broughc to the
aod a quarter old, by drowning bar, and feverally arraigned; the
iio, received feutence of death, firft as an accefiary before the fadl,
bot was refpited; John Haggot, the two others a& accelTaries after
John Batting, and John Wilfon, the fadl, in the murder of Mr.
mr robbing John Royal near Ply- Powell ; when a motion was made
Douth, of a filver watch, a s, &c. to put off their trials to the ne:^C
James Matthews, for robbing John afEzcs, which was agreed to.
Ccokfley on the highway of a £lver At Monmouth aflizcs, one was
watch. &c. and William Hallet, capitally convided, but aftenvards
6r boofebreakiog, received fen- reprieved.
Icnce of death ; but are all re-
prieved. Florence t Julj 3 1 . We hear frona
A canfe came on to be tried at Montemignaio, that a hermit, who
thefe affixes, in which an attorney did lately there, aged "jj^ after
of Plymouth wa? pi aintiflTy and Ste- having led a folitary anci exemr
phen Drew, of the fame place, £fq; plary life in his hermitage during
defendanc. Upon the trial it ap- 42* years, a few moments before
pearrdy that the attorney had fir ft his death, declared to his con-
given Mr. Drew the /i>, and on his hSot, that he was Count C«far
refvfing to afk pardon, or give fa- Solari of Turin ; that having lived
cisfiifkioa. the defendant had fpit in the married ftate five years, he
in his facCf and trod upon his toe. had a fon ; and that afterwards he
Th^ jory broughc in a verdi6t for quitted his cAate at Villanouva,

and

142] ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

and turned Anchorite. The pa-
pers ^ound in hii retireinenc» con-
fifiiicd tns cqafefliooy and» in con-
fevjU^nccy he was interred in t
liia;i:»er fuitable to his birth*

Romf, Julj 28. We are aiTured
that the Emperor of Japan died
lately in bii capital, aged 92
years. He did not marry till 7c »
with a woman of common rank,
by whom he had a Ton, now 15
years of age.

Liids^ Ayguft 21. The account
of the inhabitants of New- York
having agreed to the importation
of goods from England, was re-
ceived here by our American mer-
chants with great pl(.afure ; fince
which great quantUies of cloth have
been (cnt down to Hull, in order
to be (hipped for the above place.

Edinburgh t Auguft 18. At the late
quarterly meeting of the proprie-
tors of the For;h and Clyde navi-
gation, held here, the new line cf
dire^ion of the great canal, from
Inch-belly-bridge wellward, pro-
pofed by Mr. M*Kcll, and approv-
ed of by Mr. Smeaton, engineers.
was unanimoufi/ agreed tu ; by
this new couri'e, the canal will be
brought to within two miles north-
IV eft of Glafgow.

. A woman meanly dreflcd
*"^ found her wiy up the back-
fiairs to the (^een's private apart-
ments, and entered the room where
her Mnjclly wa> fuiing with the
DotcheU of Ancafter. '1 he woman
took a fuivey of the room with
great compolurc, her Majcily and
thf Duichcfs being too much
frighted a; fiid to interrupt l<cr :
at length the Duichef^ had the pre-
icnce of n-iiid to riug- the bell,
wnicb brought up the p:ige in
Vktiiing, who with diificult^ tuintd
|b« iuu uder down iLirs.

Thia morning tbe poft-
bry carrying die Cbetler
Mail, wai robbed at the i
Highgate Hill by a (inj^ie
wayman, who took cot of t
a fmall mail, containing
bigs. 200 L reward are
for the difcovery of the robbi

His Majefty has been plej
£rant his free pardon to 1
Phillips the elder, and 1
Phillips the younger, and V
Phillips, George Phillips 1
Knight, and Richard Hide
were coovided at feflion •
High Court of admiralr
plundering divers Dutch
on the high feas, off the c
SufTex.

Some workmen employ
clean a large vault in Arli
llrcet, difcovered a fpringof <
and one cf the men puitio{
a lighicJ candle to take J
view of it, the foul air too
and it u « with dificnlty
guilhed.

In the garden of Mr. Bi
of Stepney, his been doj
large iron pot full of
Commonwealth money, wl
is thought will fetch a large

A bank note cf 100 1.
has been fent from New*
calUe to the fecretarv of 1
ciety of the Bill or righ
the iervice of Mr. Wilkes.

An exprefs arrived at St ]
witli an account of her roya
ne<:» tiie princefs of Brunfwi
ing falely delivered of a pri
iSihiiift.

Thia morning their M
honoured the regiment of a
with their prefvnce in the
at Woc'Iwich. Hit Majeft;
pur;H}ic)y to fcc ibffle cxpej

CHRONICLE.

[•4J

rhri' MajeftiM were firft
) tlw njal laboraiorjr, Xt-
bj CdL Def*salieri, ud
joagh the difiercnt room*
'here all kinds of aiUluiy
rre preparing ; wHlch took
p about an hoar. Thry
xeeded to the mtti-Ude,
ev/ntl ib(x were fired from
gnOi by mean* of a lock
led to (he vent : A Tea fcr-
rtcen inch mortar was next
rec or four limM, entirely
th pound Ihot, which had
good effcA. Their Majefties
V a heavy twelve pounder

0 fiUcd twenty three times
It ID a minute, fpunging

each fire, and loading

gteatell fafety, whick fur-
tvery fpeflator, having tar
t any quick £ringcvcr yet
1. — The method ii entirely
d foppoTed to be the jn-

of Col. DeftgolicM. Pre.
' their MajefliLt ciiming lo
icDi they ftopped on Wool-
iramon, where ihcy Uw

Ibelli fired fiom moriarj
iiaen.

Ttiis momiog early the
ly carrying (he Ltieflcr

1 attacked near Brown'^
a Fiachley common by
Ot-pad9 i but the bagi of

carriage), ibey could not
hem, and ordered ibc bey
k it I but he telling irieni
no key, they damo'd him,
bim drive on.

cafe that wai fome time
•liOied in the London pa-
d tobe ibe cafe of Capi.
it like to prove of very
lie^ence to th^t unforiu-
•(ieman. Oa iti arrival
If a cofflAktec of the town

mi ordered to rtait vpoa the Cap-
tain, to koDtv if he wat the author.
He acknowledged he bad drawn
up his cafe, but that it had palTed
ihroagh ditferent bandi, and had
been altered at different limeij
and finally, that the publication iu
the papcn wai variant from that
which he feat home ai hi* own.
Beinv interrogated ai to particular
parti of it, he declined anfwering
that queftioD, and faid.'.Tbat (he
alteraiioDi were made by perfoiu,
who, he believed, migiic aim at
fcrving him, though he feared
they might h^ve a contrary eSeft,
and that Ills difciiminating partt,
which were hii own, from tlioT*
which had been altered by other;,
might difpleafe hi* friend* at s
time when he might Aand la need
of their cITcrtiial lervice.'

Died lately, in the Eafl Jodie*.
Lieut. Armllrong. in the Kaft India
company'* f«rvii:e. He was Ilruck
dead with lightning, as he Ibood'
under a'Tamartnd tree, with hit
horfc's bridle under his aim. Hi*
ttcel billed bioad-fword, i* fup.
pofed to hive aitrailed the light-
ning by which he was killed. Hi*
horfc da* killed with the Ijme flafh,

Mr. Mui?re, aged go, many
ye.irj a[i eminent place- broker,
who never trulled any money out
at intercH, but put it inio an iron
ciel), in which wu fouiul, at hia
death, Rboui 9000 1.

At P^ckliam, in the io;th year of
bis age, Mr. Ramfay, tormerly s
pawnbroker in the Mint.

At Whiieharch in Shroplhire,
in the 107th year of bet age, orb
Jane Hammond.

One Patrick Blewet, aged laj,

in the north of Itelaod. He never

wa» knoi*n to be a week Jicfc alt

the [imr, and reiiined hit memory

w4

1441 ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

iad onderftanding to the Uik. He
¥rU gardener to a family for eight
generations pad.

At Rcigate. in Sorry, one Mary
66ld, aged in years, who had
)i£Er eye-fight, and was hearty till
i^itiiiii an hour of her death.

At his houfe in Berwick- ftreet,
§oho» John Vickers, Efq; aged
9^, who bore a commiflion • under
King William, and greatly didin-
^aifted himfelf at the battle of the
Boyne.

Mary Johan, of Arlon in Lux-
€mburgh, relid of Louis de Vil-
jeneuve. Knight of St. Louis, and
liicatcnant-Coionel of the regi-
hient of Nice, killed in 1734. at
ihe fiege of Philipfburg, died at
Thionville the 6th of June lad,
aged 108 years. She retained her
inemory and fenfes to the lali, and
liad never fecn any phyficians in
iier life.

SEPTEMBER.

.>« Charles Saing, a paper-
maker at Galtion, in Scot-
land, has invented an engine for
tatting rags,, which will cue more
in one day than eight men can do
in the fame time.

Mr. Rainsfonb, High Conftable
6f Wellminller, attended by Mr.
Flanagan his afTidant, were ob-
Arudled in the execution of their
6fBce by a corporal and centincl
ill the firil troop of horfe- grena-
dier-guards, who inilcad of aOid-
jng the civil power, confined the
officiating ofHcers in the guard
room. In this confinement they
Continued all nig^t, the ferjeant
refuting to dilturb the command-
ing oftcer till his ufual hour of
rifing in the morning. Upon

complaint being nude to Sir Jeki
Fieiding. the corporal md ceid-
Del were fent for and cJumincdL
and both committed to Tochill-
fields Bridewell.

21. I'his afternoon the finkwi^
melancholy accident happened it
this place :

As the pacquet yanl was cany*
in^ on board paflengera to go him
this to Greenock, ihe was laa
foul of by the pacquet, and oitr-
fet; of If people who were ii
board, feven only coald be iavcd.

On Friday morning one of ikt
powder-mills, at Oore near Ftnr*
Iham, belonging to Mr. GrucbVi
was blown up: one man and a
horfe were killed, and two
men were very much hart|
of the workmen, with
courage, went into an adjouriif
magazine, and rolled out a barm
of gunpowder; after which At
whole quantity, confifting of ]•
barrels, were faved, and the tv-
rible confcquences prevented.

Laft Friday a CuAom-hoafe. ofc
ficer was brought before the Ma*
gillrates, at the rotation-office oa
be. Margaret's-hiil, for firing a
loaded pillol at a young man, who
refufed to let him uke away \m
bundle, without he would pmati
his authority for {0 doing, or M
with him into a neighbooring hMM^
and have his boodle (earched;
there being no contraband goods
in it, the Magiftrates oblieed the
OfHcer to find furetiei for ^is 1^
pearance, and the yoong man-ie
profecute at the next affixes. Thi
fame Officer, about two months
fince, Hopped a young woman, 8S
(he was going from fcrvice to hir
mother, and took out of her
bundle an old filk handkcrchitfi

chit

CHRONICLE;

['«

ki muked, and hitd been
I many timci.
It w«ie grejily to be wifhed
Ut lUge C(M(he> were put
f^ne rcgolauoft at lo ihe
|r of perloot and quantity of
p carried by them. Tbixy-
irfcitt were in and about ihe
M coach ihij day, which
ttwa bf one of the braces
t wnj. Ooe of the ouilide
•en (a rdlmooger in the
lb) wii killed upon lite fpot.
BU Kad botb hrr lcg« broke,
|r had one leg broke, and
lew of the number, cither
I or without, but were Ic-
{{braiJed.

[The Dully, Peter Maddock,
iDa the illand of Tobago,
M (o Mr. John Blackburn,
i at Cuwc], laden with Tu-
TUa is the Ui\ veiTel that
lotted QUI lor Europe wUh
B &OIB tbai illJod. It ii
ttkni that thit iflanj will,
tmf'tan, make at much, or
exceed aay of our Leeward
t in lu produce ; the land
wn prdved. by what it has
I, io be of the beH quality
|ir, whicb mud render the
cqeal in nlue to any other
W»bbou(tH»d[ the Ncgroei
■Dreiildy well, the Planter)
laltky. and, what adJs to
■jtpinert, i), > (pirit ofcOn-
■d unaaiinity, that animaiet
la enry put <if their coa-

krday beln^ tlie aaniverfary
tkfffp«ar'i jubilee, ihe fame
blebrated at Siritford up[>a
'" oncunliiioa leltiviiy.
irt Wtat iota raourniDg
Soreae HigbncI') Ptini.e
ii oTAaraiia, for

Hugh Pallifer, Efqi Comptrollet
of the Navy, attended by the (ur-
veyor'geneia!, and federal othec
officers of dillinftion, went dowa
to Depttoid, and very aiteniivelir
fuVvtycd the Dock-yard there, ana
concerted proper meafurej for pre-
venting a like dirafter to that whick
happeried at Portfmouth, there be-
ing |;[cai rcaloD to apprehend that
foreign incendaries ate Rill watch-
ing opportuniiiei to coinpleai their
dcfign.

Naflti, Aug. 14. There wa»
another eaithvjuake ai McOina oi
the 2:d ult. which has done cou-
derable damage.

The Dukeof Chablals. .

ytiungcft Ion to the King ^

ol Sardinia, accompanied by Te-
■cral Sardinian noblemen, went i
on board his Briunoiclt Mijeily'a
Ihip Alarm, anchored in the bajf I
ol Villa Franca, and were received ]
by Capt. Jarvis, with all poUJbta [
marks of honour and refpea. HU
Royd HighDcli (hewed the greate^
cunofKy to be inforincd of the ufc.
of every thing he law. He dcfired'
the chain-pumjis 10 be worked, anl
a gun to bt' eicrcifcd, and beiweea J
the fcverai oioiions made the moft' |
pertinent i-emarka. Hiving fatif- \
ficd hii curiolity, hii UtisfaflioA. 1
waa confirmed by the magnificcacl I
prefcnts he made on that occafion* f
To the captain, he ga*<: a tid^, I
diamond nng, enclofcJ in a large]
gold fiiun-ho!: I to the two licute*]
liantt, a gold box Cdch j 10 Chi I
beilienant of mirinei. who mounl<~.
cd the guard, tiie miUlliipnUn w
lleered hi. Ro>aI Hlgiineii, a .
the lodr v-ho alfilled hi;n up and.j

the Qiip'i £fie. a gold watciL,
each, one of which w..i a 1" '*
repeater, aad another fci
fpirk), ud A LtfM fiia«t Dan

146] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

to the (hip's company. His Royal
Hiehnefs flayed about two hours ;
and was faluted on his going
aboard and coming alhore with
One-and-twenty guns.

t The Committee appoint-

ed to fuperintend the di-
reflion of the Hatue for the late
Led Mayor* received drawings
from feventeen art! lis without
names^ when two only met with
approbatioRy which were claimed
•by Mr. John Macre« and Mr.
Agoftez Carlini.

Tlie Sheriff and Jufticcs of
B^imHUhire^ met at Portfoy, (Scot-
land) and made a dividend of
799 1. 12 s. ad. (infued from the
treafury upon the firft certificate,)
to the proprietors of the cattle
which had been flaughtered, in
order to prevent the fpreading of
the contagious diflemper then rag-
ing among them.

Came on to be tried before John
Hawkins, Efq; and the reft of the
Ma^iilrates at Hicks's-hall, two
indidmeDt*!, wherein the Gover-
nors of the Foundling-hcfpital were
the profecutors, and Robert fierry
and Elizabeth his wife were the
defendants, for violently alTaulting
Sarah Powel, (a foundling) their
apprentice ; when, after a full
hearing of counfcl on both fidrs^
the jury, without going out of
court, brought in the defendants
guilty ; and thereupon the Chair-
man was plcafed to pronounce fcn-
tcDje, that the wife (hould be im-
prifoned nine months and the huf-
"band fix.

th Thomas Robinfon. cor-
^ ' poral, and David Dcanc,
the centincl, lately committed to
Tothill-fields bridewell, for im-
prifoning the High Con liable 'of
Wcilminller, were bailed by fomc
Officers ID the army.

The fame day the ferjeant. tricl
for neglefl of duty, in not calling
the Commanding Officer darinr
the imprtfbnment of Samuel Raii^
forth, Efq; High Conftable rf
Weftminfter» was broke by order
of the Co^rt Martial*

The new cut oat of the ^
river Lee was opened at '^ '■
Limehoufe into the Thames, whn
many barges an|] boats immcdi- .
ately pafTed up to try if it was M*
vigable, and it proved to aofatf
extremely well.

The Bench of Juftices of Ac
county of Middlefcx, it is (£it
have come to a refoluiion to obIi|e
all public places of entertainmcit
to take down the organs, which irs
kept for the amufemeat of thdr
cuilomers.

I'he remains of the Right Hoh
Lady Vifcoontefs Townfend^ Lutj
of his Excellency the Lord Lid-
tenant ; were carried to Sir Joha*|
Quay, attended by the Right Hoi.
the Lord Mayor, and the two Sic*
riffs, in their carriages, the rc|i*
ment of horfe on Dublin duy,
the officers, kettle-dnixnmerf, aal
trumpeters of which, with the bat-
tle-axe guards, &c. had fcaifi,
hatbands, and black gloves, ite
kettle-drums had a black crape
over them, and the tmmpcti
were muffled ; the gentlemen do-
meftics of his Excellency's hoofe-
hold, all in deep mourning, walked
in procedion ; the body was pot on.
board the Southern, for ParkgaiCb
from Xv^nce it is to be taken tat
the burial place of that noble &-
mily, and depofited. Minnte gOM
were fired from the time the pro-
cedion began till eleven o'clock',
and the (hips in the harbour half
hoi lied their banners in tpken of
mourning, and cbntinued fo aO
day.

The

CHRONICLE.

[>47

Tbe feSona ended at iht

d Btilejr, when fientence
1 on ntnc capital conviAs,
vbom were women; 30
jred to be traorfoned for
1. two for foarteen yean,
aded, and two.whipped.
Ired and thiny pcilanen

tried ttui refEon.
n railing down the river
iBpreffea men, wai fud-
)t by the captives, who
lani to t^n one of the

md immediately ilTued
Ic; where, forming in a
tj overpowered tbe Of-

crew, and roide them-
lert uf the vefTel without
lence or any bloodJhed.
n nn [he tender a(hore

in Eflex, to the number
om whence they marched
onntry, and divided into
i> one ttnvardi Rumford,
m Bow. The cataflrophs
ime of the Officer) tand-
mfendwiih black eyei,
Uowing ii an aathentic

letter feot on Monday
m die Admiraln to the
f Lloyd** cofiee-houfe.
Street.

Favourite Hoop of war
ived off the Moiherbank
dand Idands, btingi an
hat a Spanilh man of
ve frigates, with artillery
onei on board, had dif-
ii Majeflyofthe Setlle-
ort Egmont. I am com-
J the Lordi Commiffion-
t Admiralty to give you
nation, that the Mer-
it Otheri, who are any
rreSed therein, may be
linied therewith.
Signed -■■■ ■ . "

-office,
1770.

The following ii faid to be an
exafl account of the Ihip* lent by
the Spaniards from Buenoi-Ayres
to take pofleffion of Falkland
llltnds, viz. one frigate of 30
gung, 190 feamen, and 100 fol-
dien. Three frigates of i8 guns,
80] feamen, and 340 fotdieii.
One frigate of ao guns, 1 10 fea-
men, aiid 84. foldiers. All tha
paper* and journaU, kept on board
the Favoarite flucp ot war front
Falkland Iflanda, have been or-
deted up from Ponfmouth I'jr the
infpedioa of the Lords Cummif-
lioneri of the Admiralty ; and
the above (loop it ordered into
dock, and her crew on board the
guardfhip.

PrefS'Warranti were fent to
Porifmouth, and or/t morning
the prefs-gangs went on board the
merchant Ihipi, and flripprd tbem
of all the hands they thought ufe-
ful, before it was known in the
town. They fecured tbe imprelTed
men in a tender, came on Ihore,
and in the public houfES and in
the llreets picked up many good
failors.

John Simpfon was conviAed by
the magiflraies at the Rotation-
office, in LitchGeld-ftreet, in the
fum of lol. for Healing a fpaniel
dog belonging to Mr. Roberts,
which be bad killed and tinned;
the Ccin being found upon him,
and he not being able to pay
the penalty inHicled, nas com-
mitted to Clerkenwell Bridewell
for Itx months.

A cart upon a new conftruftioa
was brought to the General Polt.
Office for carrying the mails. It
is lined with thin plates of iron, yec
it runt much lighter than any cart
thit has yet been brought to the
office; and which, fton iu ingc-

[£] 2 niout

i4t] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

nioQs contrivance for the fecarity his Lordfliip to back the Pre
of the fevcral bags of letters, has Warranu for the citj of Londo
gained the approbation of the PoU- which letter his Lordfliip read,
Mafters. likewife an anfwer thereto feat

the Lord Mayor, fignifyiag ff

Extras of a Letter from Neuftadt» it had never been Sfnal for I

Sept, 4. Lord Mavor to fign foch Wama

** Yeflerday noon the King of ufelefs applied to by iba Pd

Prafiia arrived hcre> and alighted Council.

from his coach before he came to The Lord Mayor tbai real

the head quarters, where his Impe- letter from Mr. Recorder to \

rial Majeti]^ waited to receive him. Lordfliip, defiling his Lordflap

The inhabitants of this city were inform the Coort of Mr. Rcoofol

extremely aifefted at the meeting indifpofition, and to reqoeft le

of theie two great Monarchs, info- of abfence for a month : chat

much that when they went toge- court did confent to give Mr. 1

ther to the quarters allotted for corder leave of abfence for a mo

the King of Pruflia, mofl of the from their court, but that t

people kneeled down as they paflfed could not difpenfe with hit ao

along. In the evening there was dance on the other courts \

an opera. The grand manoeuvres that it was therefore the MM

will begin this day* mous opinion of the Coort of

Naples, Aug. 21. Two hundred dermen, that Mr. Recorder kc

foldiers of this garrifon had formed addrefs a letter to the CoaH

a defign to plunder the principal Common- council for a fimilarh

houfcs of this city, while the no- of abfence.

bihty were partaking of the diver- At a Quarterly General M

fions that were given in the even- ing of theProprietors of fiaft-I

ing of ttie Queen's birth-day; but flock, at their houfe in Leai

the plot was happily difcovered hall-flreet, Sir George Colebro

time enough to prever.t the execu- Bart, declared the half-yearly i

tion of it. There has been a frc(h dend at fix per cent.

eruption thin week from Mount A Common-conncil was

Vei'uvius, v\h:ch has done a great holden at Guildhall, when

deal of damage, and dellrcyed all the Lord Mayor opened the \

the vineyards in tiie neighbourhood with a fpeech, in which he

ofTourduGrec. formed them that the Ml

, At a court of aldermen which he underflood to be

^^^ * held at Guildhall, (at \\hich tended for their confideratk

were pre fen t the Lord Mayor, Sir that time, were about the

William Stephcnfoq, Sir Robeit pofal of the place of Ciiy-

Kitc, Mcflrs. Crofby, Peers, N.Kh, Ihal, and the condnft of thi

Halifax, Sh:kcfpear, Kenm-tt, corder: that fince the Rec

riumbe, Kiikman, Townfer.d, was prefent, he hoped they \

Rointer and Oliver) the Li>rd proceed firft on his buiiners.

Mayor reported to the court, that fnme ipirited debates, in tht i

he had received a letter Irom the of which the Recorder ci

Lords or the Admiralty, Ucfiring into an elaborate dcl'coco c

f

CHRONICLE.

['491

id the tlelirety of

MMiiancc of th*c Court

Mijefly. Mr Alderman

Moved. •• Th« it is

UBtoa of ibii Court, th..i

^cocdcf. by refufing id at-

le tofd Miyor, Aldermen.

nnmoa* of ihii City, wiih

bombls «ildfe(s, leroon-

. aad pclilion. (o his M«-

lAcd contrary lo hit oaih,

■Jniy of bit o£cc."

moiioQ being feconded,
|ia« ant put, and dccU'ctl
carried it the jiftirciativc.
, PitCffiia demanded » dt-
In tbe divifion there ap-
ts be fix Aldermen and 8S
BDcn, bcfidct ihctu^ ceMcrs,
afirBtativc : and dx Aider*
fi*« Commoneri for the
ft. Whereupon hii Lordfliip
~ Ac qucftraa to be relolvcd
irroatire.

for adjournj^ent of
idtrTa facing put, tbe quef-
■ teiaitti in the aOiri^a-

Citjr ttemeinbrancer ac-
id ihM), that the Lords of
tafnry had refrlvcd lo re-
itw Fleet prilou on the
^*— reitnw* ii-

Oj urere ifTufd cint to the

I oT Wedminfter to im-

icn. &c.
I poi*d<r- mills on Hounflow
llyw up. by which accideoc
I m killed.

day fa'iy boyi, doaihed
JobB FicMing, and pro-
nqoiip^ 'or the tervice,
Ikroagh the eiiv, in ordn''
' tM board hia Ma>

hip*.
■^P^tJie Barwicic, Cipt.

t

St. Vincent'e, were lately taken
up by the Man, Capi. Holland.
buand to Liverpool. They were
all'ready to pcnlh, tile Bcrwiclc
having Inuiidcrcd at lea (bur dayi
before, and the wholtf acw, con-
filling of thirteen men, and one
woQian palTenger, being cronded
into an open boat, without pro- '
viiiani or Ihelier.

ExiraS c/a LelUr/hm Gravt/iaJfl
Stfl.mitr l(, 177P,

This afternoon a melancholy af-"
ftir happened at thii place, whicb*
in ail likelihood, will be attended
with much noife; ihe OSctrt of
the Lynx man of war went on
board the Duke of Richmond
Eall-lndiaman. in order to prefa
the men ; when they catnc on
board, ihe commanding Officer
wai told by the Chief Mate of
the Indiaman, that the I'eamcq
bid feixed the arm-chelt, and were
determined not to be prelTcd. On
ihi), at high water, ibe man of
war dropped along fide of the
Duke of Richm mJ ; (he Chief
Mate hailed the man of war,
and told the C.ipiajn the feamea
were aimed anJ drteimincd 10 re.,
flit, and that he could not be an*
f*crablc f>r the cunfeq pence*, if
ihcy perfificd in prelfing the pco>
pie ■ however, the man of war
laid the India (hip along fide, and
a fcuffle enrued. in which one man
on board the India Oiip was killed,
and fevcral'dangerouily wounded (
notwtthDinding thii. they would
not fnffer the man of wat'i people
to enter ibe Ihip. on which tbcfe
lall thought it advifeablc to Ihcer
ofT. and the India Qiip'a pcopta
are no* cone on Iborfi.

[i] 3 Thi»

150] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

, This day a Common Hall

*9'n- was hdd at Guildhall, for
the cleAion of a Lord Mayor for
the year enfuing ; when all the
Aldermen belov^' the chair, who
had ferved the office of Sheriff,
were feverally put in nominaiion.
The (hew of hands was greatly in
favour of Brnfs Crofby, and James
Townfhend, Efqrs. and they were
therefore returned to the Court of

Aldermen, who made choice of Berkihire, John Street, ;
Mr. Crofby, as being the fenior, 87, to Mifs Anne Marfti
and he was immediately declared

The commanding officer
ately aiTembled a fufficicii
of troops, who fired upon I
mufkets and grenade^, an
tillery of the fortrefs, '
means they were foon
Eight of thw^m were ki
22 dangerouAy wounded
fubmttted to be condode*
the place of their confinec
Married lately, at Art

duly elected.

A motion was made by Mr. Lo-
vel, that the thanks of the livery
ihould be given to the two late
patriotic Sheriffs, Townfend and
Sawbridge, for their upright and
impartial conduct in the difcharge
of their office, which was carried
in the affirmative, and ordered to
be entered in the records. The
thanks of the hall were alfo given
to the committee of the livery.

Worms, Sept, 17. The Count
de Leriange Heideflieim has been
lately feized in his caflle at Hei-
de(heim, by a party of 150 men
belonging to the Palatine troops,
by order of the emperor. He has
been declared incapable of govern-
ing his country.

Bologna, Aug, 28. A falfe bull,
under the name of Clement XIV.
has been handed about here, con-
taining the fuppreffion of the Jc-
fuits. We have not yet been able
to find our where it was printed.

Rome^ Sept, 1. On the 24th ult.
at night, the galley-flwes at Civita
Vecchia, being 1400 in number,
found mean& to get off* their chains,
and were a^ually employed in

place, a young lady in tb<
of her age.

Died, at Walton, PI
aged upwards of 100.

At Wells» Mr. Mills,
years and five days*

In the fouth of Franci
Milne, Efq; aged 11 1*

O C T O B E

The Magidrates and
eiy of Merchants in £
in order to promote
fervice, vorcd a premiu
to every failor that ihal
luntarily with Captain
befidcs the bounty of 3c
by government. This
the failors to offer them
ly, and the difa£reeabl<
impreffing is avoided.

Letters from Corfica 1
that there are ftill a gr
of the natives that ha
fubmitted to the Fren
ment : that executions 1
of fuch of them as are

that a prieft who hac
digging a bole under the wall of himfelf, having embi
the town, which they defigned to three of his kinfmen
ploader, and then to put to ft- a. Felucca at San Percgrii

CHRONICLE.

'51

id DM being able to cTcape,
limTelf into thtf Tea with all
ifure hang roood his neck,
s drowned.. His poor kinf-
Ot hiring courage to fol-
: example of the hoty fa-
ere taken, and condufled
ri to.Ballia.

freedom of King'i Lynn ii1
c, wai prefentfd to John
, Efq; for his conftitutioiial,
I and unirorm cenduA, in
I of the libcrtic) of thi«

The Common Cryer of the
:y read at the Royal Ex-
hi] Majcfty't proclamation,
; to fiich feamen who Ihall
tily enter into bti fervice,
:j of thirty Ihilltngs.
thtLoKDOK Gazette.
limil, Oanbtr, i. By leiteri
J from Jamaica, it appeari,
« late earthquake, whicJi
Ed in Hifpaniola, wai felt
r that illand, but no con-
e damage happened at any
lace than at Poet au Prince ;
re its effeAt were terrible ;
iplc loft their livei, the for-
a on the illand or Icey go-
is totally dellroyed, and,
a few hoofei, the whole
el in ruins. The governor
labiianii, who are reduced
ia tend, are exerting ihem-
t boildiag of wooden houfcs,
learned, from fatal expe-
that baildings conftrutted
cr materials are exceeding-
crout, in a country where
: earthquakes happen.

rday the CommiflJoneri for
ng his Majefty'i navy, con-
with Mr. Mellifh for ;ooo
it 131. gd. per hundred

to be killed between the

prefent time and the ]ii^eF De>
cenber, at the Viftualliag-office*
Tower- hill.

A root ofthe true rhubarb, wbicli
tveighed 35 lb. was taken up in
the garden of the Lord Chief Ba-
ron, at Dean in Scotland. The
feeds of this plant were brought
from China by Dr. Moanfey.

At the general quarteriy •
meeting of the Guardians of *^ '
the Afylum for Female OrT^ani,
the Hon. and Rt. Rev. the Bifliop
of Hereford was nnanimonJIy eleA-
ed Vice- Prefident of that charity,
in the room of Sir Tho. Hankey,
deceafed.

The firfi ftone of the new bridge
at Exeter was laid by jcrfeph
Dixon, Efq;

DkUik, Stpt. 11). The Neptune,
Broomhall, deeply laden witn £(]i,
from the banks of Newfoundland,
foundered on the 1 iih of Angufi,
being the fecond day after -patting
to fci. She was bound to the
Well of England ; had tj fervantt
on board, feven of whom were
drowned ; the others, with the
captain and fhip's company, were
taken up by a French banker, who
iifed them with great humanity for
19 days, when ihey met with «
large cat, from Whiiby, in the
North of England, who received
them on board and lan.led thetn
at Burlington, on the I7ih inft.
Of the unfortunate people who
were drowned, it is faid there
were three finglilb, two Irilh, one
Scotchman, and a black boy, abopc
1 5 years of age.

By lettert from Leghorn we
learn, that the deftru&ion of the
Turkiih fleet was occafioned by
the aftivity of Capt. Grc g. Lieu-
tenant Torrington, and Lieutenant
Dur>dale, three BnglifluiieD, wbq

IS*] ANNUAL REGISTER,

commanded the fire*(hips. When
the latter had (leered his veflel
in the night clofe to a Turkilh
nan of war of 84. guns, his deiign
y^2L% difco?ered» which threw hii*
crew of Ruffian failors into fuch a
conilernation» that they imme-
diately abandoned him, and rowed
ofF in the boat ; notwithftanuing
which, he bravely hooked the
grapnel -iron into the rigging of
the enemy» and then jump d into
the fea, from whence he was luckily
taken op, and foon after conveyed
on board the Ruffian Admiral, who
loaded him with careffes, advanced
him to a command, and prom i fed
to recommend him for hit gallant
behiviour to the Emprefs.

They write from Bodon, in New-
England, that the Affismbly of that
province had met at Cambridge
the end of July» according to their
adjournment, and after fitting about
eight days* without duing any bu-
finefs, they refufing to ad, as an
Aflembly, at any place out of
fiofton, they were prorogued to tl\e
5th of September, then to meet.
' ChuciJItfy Cd, I. A few days
ligo a fiiherman, «^ho was fiihing
for falmon in the Severn near the
bid FafTage, entangled in his net
ia largf f<cal or fea-dog» which,
^ith difficolty, he drew out ot the
water opon the lands, and fome
other men coming to his affi (lance,
they took it a)ive. The animal,
which the matt has brought here
to (hew, is larger than a bull-dog,
which it reiembles very much about
the head, only it has no ears.
Its (kin is covered with fliprt hair,
dark on the back, and fpotced on
the belly ; iu lore- feet or fins are
about fix inches long 'with five
claws opon each. The body nins
taper to the tail» near which the

hinder feet are placed, wbi
broad and webbed* It is 1
a large piece of water, in «
moves with gff at niroblenefii

The Proteiior of Archttc
ture read his firjft ledure
the Royal Academy, whei
introduced the Hifliory of
tedure, and the Sciences <
ine on it ; the origin of
and of the Grecian and
orders; and concluded wi
neral inftruAions on the fti
praftice of Architedore^

Was read in full convt
a lett^ from the Right H
fiarl of Litchfield, Chanc
the Univerfity of Oxford, i
ing, that it would be for
nour and advantage of th
verfity to continue the Re
Wetheiell Vice-Chancellor
other year, and defiring t
cnrrence of convocation i
purpofe, which was anas
aflented to*

Jccomnt of tbt Lofi of his J

Ship ^voift^ on tin C^nfi

tagonia\ extraQei from 1

from a. Gtntlemmn nub* *

BoarJg to his Frieml im Lt

We failed from Port '.
on a cruize the 7ih of Mai
and had a violent gale of «
fome days, which drove as
the coaft of Patagonia : As
fickly, and wanted refreC
we refolved to go into Port
finding onrfelves within
lea ues of it: On attemp
work in, we ftrnck on 1
where we beat for an houi
half before we were able
the (hip o£ We then (tl
juft at that time coming
cafiward) ran op the river

CHRONICLE.

[■5J

: aboot kair a mile op, we
on anQriieT loclc. and, at
u ibit time ebb lidc, our
cffiMIi in gel hrt off. pfrveil
ihI : Sbe hung u^inn ibii
kj iKc fore-Jrct, her Aern
BaaKiBgl* dsprclTcd, about
koati; (h« (lien UpC oft',
1, and lunk in eight laihom
Thi) happened at fu in
tm'uig : Some got on the
IM)iet> faam for the (hare,
lae fbr the baa» ; To tiiAt
R all (aiti, wTih great diffi-
iKr|N iferee men. 1 <e
ipa w« net with atteiwaidi
t bmcr Gon.eived than de-
I, haviag noiiung lo lay
lif dut lenp.tluouj cllmaie
;'t few 6ili, which *e»e ac
illy (aveo ; and no ather
' ifcaa rocki and Hones, lor
tl DM a tree of bufh in the
country. We lived upon
nt. aoil fotneiiincs fea Ibwl,
wf could get ttiem, for wc
bcm raihcr beiicr than the
■, aoeviihUandinK they were
teif t&ty : We had nothing
pk but diny bratkifh water,
*hfn I'fovidcnce wai lo
la to Irad a fiiowcr of fiin,
id) time every one drank
y out of the caviiiet of lt>c
' KCoeld not hy by a llore
t of freJTcli to keep

^rtcr the lori of tke
r and 111; men failed
t for Port Egmont, in
t polSbU, to bijnji the t'a-
B to oar relief. Thi) mn,
Jn. (he tnofi d^ngcroui un-
Mg that ever «a> known i
er, they fucccedrd, ■•'tJ re>
) 10 ua itith the Favourite
'^~ \ afterward] ; tTery
r A*B, ti4d lull

;iii}', but

all hopet, and given her tip a (on.
night bcWe Ihe appeared in Jighl
and we weie beginning lo piepi
for a m^TCb to B eiioi Ayre»; bi
bv what we h^rc fi>i£e learned,
*ouid h»ve been iii.po;! ble fot anjr
o( u) (o have got ihciC; lur tlis
dillance, a5we could tioi njve gone
in a llraight line, un account of
the large rivers that are in the
u*v, U neai looo mile* ; not to
ncniion the wa-<t of ptovil^ons and
water, the layinj; on the cold
gr<>und without any cc<veii<:g, and
the daneets >»e had to dread fr
the native kvagei, which wc have
fincc been informed ate very
mefoua for icvcral hundied lea
to the fuuthwaid of Bucnr.s Ayf
— We fjw no inh^ibilan: ' '
our Day at Port DcHre,
we able to kill any guan:
though tlirv were very p!
eliietnely liiy. Capt I «tmer, a
Mr. Thornton, our furgron, wi
in a fm.ill boat about jo Ica^i
up the fiver, in hopes ol maki
Icime (liicovetie;, and pelting loi
gudnaciiei, but were obliged to j
turn on the fifth day, ai they could
get noihii'g to cat or drink, la
fhort, ii i» the moll barren, dc-
folate conniiy, 1 fuppoCe, is the

Thi» morningi the five ■

ConviAl under Tcnteoee of
dea^h in he.vgate, were executed
at Tyburn, njimely, Mny-Aaa
Ryan. Joleph Jolephi, and Jamci
Simpfon, ior tabbing W.IJi.ini
Wright on ihe highway, in Wi.iic-
chapel i Henry Dixoo, lor burg.
Ury, and D aling guodt in the
houie of Jamet Wood, in No:man-
lireet. in it. Luk-;'* paiill, ; and
Charlc) iVI'Donald, far robbing
John Torolio on the highway of a
Qltu tvaicti. Mai;. Ann Rj ^

4

'ete i;

154] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770*

Ex$rad •/ a Litter from
Sift. lo.

was dt-efTed in white with black
trimmings, and her coffin on the
cops of the cart, together with
* M'Donald on the right, and Dixon
on her left hand, went in the firft
cart ; and Jofephs (being a Jew,
was attended by one of that per-
faaiion, who read to him in the
Hebrew) together with Simpfon,
who feemed very ill, in the < ther
cart. The laft felfion, which proved
HtaA to Ryan, was the third in fuc-
ceflion in which fhe had been tried
at the Old Bailey for capital of-
fences.

The firft (tone of the intended
City of London Lying-in hofpital.
at the corner of the City-road in
Old-ftreet, was laid by the Right
Hon. Barlow Trecothick, Lord-
Mayor, and Preiident of the faid
hofpital, accompanied by John
Patcrfon, Efi]; one of the Vice-
Prclidents, and Trcafurer, and a
great number of the Governors,
amidfl the loud and repeated ac-
clamations of a vaft concoarfe of
people aflemblcd on the occafion..
— Aiter the ceremony, the Build-
ing Committee and Officers, to-
gether with Mr. Mylne, the archi-
tc6l, and the contractors for the
building, were elegantly and po-
litely entertained at dinner by his
Lordihip at the Maniion-houfe.

They write from Parma, that
there was lately ere^ed in that
city, by order of the Infant Duke,
a white marble monument in the
form t'^ an ancient altar, dedicated
to Friendlhip. It is raifed as a
token to perpetuate the double al-
liance which at prefent fubfids be-
tween his Royal Highnefs and the
Emperor. The period that ^ave
birth to this event, together with a
Latin infcripttOD compofed by Fa-
ther Paccxndi, is engraved thereon.

Two murdereri were c
here laft Saturday in the
Del Popolo, where it b a
upwards of 40,000 people '
fembled; and jull at the
that the laft of the crioun
going to be difpatchcd» tl
Merli, who had given hit
lution, retiring too far ba*
fell from the icaifbld, and j
a mortal wound on the head
occafioned a great baftle«
people prefled fo eagerly
fpot to fee the prieil, that th
were not able to make ai
againft them, but were
themfelves to retire. Tli
fufion then became gener
great numbers had their a
legs broke, and were o
terribly maimed.

Coyde, a tea - broker,
charged with forging a war-
rant for the delivery of tbrc
of tea at the India Hou
biought to be examined 1
Court of Direflors at tb
Houfe; and while they w
bating, actually cffedtcd bis
although three conftable
placed to guard him. He
pofed to have got out of th<
room, through the door whi*
to the Secretary's parloar, 1
unobferved from one room
ther till he came into the ft]

At a court of Common
held this day, after very W)
bates, a queftion was mov
James Eyre, Efq; the preC
corder, be no more advifc
retained, or employed in
the affairs of this corporal
being deemed by thti Cc
worthy of their futore trnft

CHRONICLE.

I'SI

The fame waj (t^clared the farmer*! faoore in tha night*
rarrictl ia the affirmative, and cat the throati of the old man.
: qnefiioD,! fix Aldermen, hif wife. Ion and daughter, from
etjP'Cight Comnoneri, be- car to ear. Hta graadlon beiog at
■ " ' "■ K neighbour'* honfe, happening to

come home the inftant after thU
Ihockiti); deed vu committed, ha
heard fomeching wai wrong, and
took to hi) heels, when the rnffiana
overtook and killed him. as titej
fuppoTed, and threw him into a
potatoe rig, but he wat fonod alivs
next morning, and .giving Ibma
■ccoant of ibem. three of thefs
t Law, flull for the future, wreichei were taken, and com-
occafions, be advifed with, mined to the gaol of thli city."
I, and employed; which wai Dabiim, On. 2. Jofeph Daw,
in the affirmative. Mr. now in Newgate for the mardcr of
ore moved. That the free- the untbrtanace peoi^e at Turvey,
thia city be prefented to has made an ample confelJion of
)anning, Efq; for having, the faft, in which he actnowledgea
iolifitor- General to hii Ma- himrdf to be the only perron con-
efended in Parliament, on cerncd in the faid mnrdcr ; in con-
ndefl principlea of law and fequence of which, John Ryan and
iftitation, the rights of the John Parrel, now in cuftody on the
to pcii:ioR and remonftrate ; tormer leftiffiony of the faid Diw,
wa* carried witboat a de- are to be enlarged. Jofeph Daw
divifion.

s tcllen; agaiofl the quef-
rcn Aldermen, and forty-
LiiiiDODert, belidcs two Icl-

I then moyed by Mr. Jndd,
alt cales relative to the a"
iiiscily, where it may be n<
to have the advice, opinion,

ince of any Council learned next morning, and .giving Ibma
, John Glyno, Efa: r ...,•*

' II for the fut

' tf » Lttttr fr»m DuIUm,

boot ten day) ago, one
I, a farmer at Tuivey-
ncar Rulh, came 10 this
e JO I. and having a

acknowledges that he perpetrated
the mardcr thus ; He called the old
man, his fan, and grandlon, one
by one, to the back of their dwell-
ing ; then Ihbbed each of then
I a pitchfork, and afterwarda
their throau. The old woman
he ftrangled in her bed.

At a court of common- ,

er married here to a chair- council held this day, the '^ *
le went with the fanner to Lord Mayor acquainted the court,
the money ; on feeing it that he called them to proceed on
« demanded hi) wife's for- the adjourned buGnefi of the laft
'hich the farmer refufed till court; but as the report of the
ith ; 00 which the chairman committee to confider of the em-
be would be up with him, bankq^ent at Durham Yard was
icy then parted, when the part of the bulinefi, he thought
went home wiihout the leal\ proper to inform there, that he
ition: but the fon-in-Uw hid held a court of confervancy,
tCB rafiaQ), they atucked and that five bill* of indidment
" had

156] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

bad been foond againd difFerent
peribns for CDcroachxnents on the
river.

The report of the aforcfaid com-
mittee was then read : a motion was
made by Aldermen Crufby to agree
with the committee in their report ;
after a debate of near three hours,
lie withdrew his motion, and made
another, that the report be print-
ed» and a copy fent to each mem-
ber of the court; which was carried
in the affirmative.

Another motion was made, that
the evidence the faid committee
have had be likewii'e printed, by
way of appendix, and fcnc with the
foregoing ; which was likewife car-
ried in tbe affirmative.

Another motion was made by
the Lord Mayor eled, that a com-
mittee be appointed to join the
committee of the livery, to have
the opinion of council concerning
their memorial prefented at a foi-
mer court.

Another motion was made, that
the memorial be now read, and it
was read accordingly.

Mr. Potter defircd tbe Lord
Mayor to aflc the memorialifls, for
what parpofci they thought them-
{elves appointed g committee of the
livery I Hut Mr. Aldermen Town-
fend moved, that they might with-
draw, which they accordingly did,
viihont being aiked the qucilion.

After much debate, the fir(l
ueilion being withdrawn, Mr.
'ilfon made a mcti n, that a

mmittee be appointed of the

;mbers of that court only, to

ifiJer of the allegations contain-
in the memoriil, and to have
1 advice therein, as they thall
k proper, and report to that
I their opinion (hereon ; whicK
carried in the allirmatiye, and

a committee was accordingly
pointed of fix aldermen and im
commoners, viz. Aldernen Ci
by, Stevenfon, Townfend, Sa
bridge, Wiikes, and Oliver.
Commoners, Holker, Judd, Tiwi
iend. Sharp, Hurfbrd, Beardmon
Bellas, Biihop, Stavely, Gu(s« as*
Nicholfon.

A motion was made, that tbey
beimpowered to draw on thechaa-
bet lain for a fam not exceedii|
5001. which was agreed to.

The petition of the livery of the
company of goldfmitht wai rcadt
ar:d a motion being nuide (hat il
be referred to the lormer commit*
tte, the fame was agreed to, tti
ordered, that they have fuch advict
thereon as they IhalJ think propcfi
and report their opinioa to that
court.

This morning, aboat two ^*
o'clock, an exprefs arrived at
the Duke of Rutland's at Koighn-
bridge, with the melancholy newf
of tlie death of the Right Hon. the
Marquis of Graiiby, wha died at
Scarborough on Tnurfday cveoingp
at fix o'clock, of the goat io hii
ilomach. — His Lordlbip finding
himfelf much out of order in hii
ftomach and bowels, fent for Dr.
Dai trey from York, who (with Dr.
Mouffey who attended bis LordCbip
before) were well convinced he had
(Irong fymptoms of the gout, aad
accordingly advifed the Marqois to
put his feet and legs into hot water,
at (he fame time adminiftering the
higheft cordials to drive it into the
extremities, which foon had the
defircd efFed ; that immediately
after his feet fwelied, looked io-
Hamed, and had all the appearance
of the diforder being fettled therCt
vvhen his Lord (hip retired to ano-
ther room, where he was imne-

diaiel|

CHRONICLE.

£tMl]r (cited with a fiinitng lit, and after itking
Ihl ttmKi nilhoul a gioan, in ihey Tec out

[157

phyfic

Orien ue ieat to the Lords
Litateaeint) of the diHercnt Cuun-

id at Carleion Houfe thit morn,
ing about ten o'cloc):, in pecfefl
healtli. His Majeliy being prcvi-

tici BO iSae out their warrant* to ouily itifoi-med of ihcir arrival,

tkt Conllalilci and Headborough) came 10 town from Richmond, an3

i»iliti/ ftfpeCtivc diftriiU, In im- aftei flaying fomc lime 10 congra-

frefi nen for the marc expeditiokjs tuUie them on their file arrival,

aiaotng the Royal Navy, that Ihall rciuiaed to Richmond. Their Royal

^^e« to ha»« BO viuble way of llighnciTes fet out from hence on

Tbt/wriie from Parma, ihat ihi
hu Cardinal Eotiai, biOiop of Pa
tiigliad, (or the encouragement of ber,

Kilation. directed by his will the
of twelve hundred crown) to
tt lansally divided among twenty
Avyosng women as mirrtage por-
liBai.

tour 10 Germany on the Stb
of Junclaft.

John Shine, a JDUrncyman bar-
prelfcd as a feaman, by »ir-
tuc 01 a warrant Irom the LonJi of
the Admiralty, and backed by tlie
Lord Mayor, wai brought before
John Wi!k«, Efq; the ittiing Al-
derman at Guildhall ; when the

On Thurfdav the Lleutenaai of .Alderman adjudged the tmprelSng

Iptiffgang wa> brought befoj
Uti Mayor, and Icverely repri-
■aaded by his Lordllt p, for im-
tn£iig men in the city without
bnag attended by a conKable.

Ar a general aOemblv held at
dw Tbo!(el of Dulilin. " RrJil-viJ,
T\u it would be a very laiuiary
lad cosAiiatinnal proceeding in
tkcccirporaiion of iheciiy of Dub-
Ibii %o ptefent a petition to the
Stnfi expieSive, in the mod grate-

Itegal, and ordered Shiae to be

diichjrged.

The Lords of the AdmirBltyhar-
ing written to fcverai Noblemea
and Gentlemen for their afliAance
in providing handt for manning hi*
Majelly's fleet; iiul among otheti
to hii Grace the Duke of Northum-
berland, lord-licoienani and cufto*
roiulorum for the coun[y of Mid-
dlefex. that nobleman bai wriiten
(o Sir John Fielding upon the fub-

M Mini, of that zeal and loyalty jeA, the coi lenti of whfch hia

■kick aarm the breall) of bis Ma- worihip communicated to the other

jdhr'a ^jthful citiaeni of Dublin j JuIliceB of the peace, who met ac

UMt U the&me time, in tlie molt GuiUhalLWeltminiler; after »kich

nUe and duiiful manner, tc pre- the Bench took the matter into cMt*

tWthe throne Ihr many j;riev- jideration, and tefolved 10 pst In

xa falliiitctl by tbt) Icingd^^m lorce every legal method to forwatd

(KiKtalt and city in parncolar, the above nccefTiry huAnela.

F il» Um ptorugatieiu tS parlta-

. ,. BetwMOcIeve* and twelve
■'•^ Uft aish[, their Rflj*! High-
ndlei (he Princcii Dowigcr cf
Walct, and the Dukeol Ghwcefier,
landed at ^viTi ftum Ccraaitfi

On Toefday tlie Commiffionen
for paving, ict. the city, fined s
bricl[:k)rT the turn of 5I. fcr taking
op the psvcineiii, and n.aking ■
cellar-uindo*, %a Tbame..ftreel,
without leave of the Uaa CooiAir-
fiuact>.

Tkc

158] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

The report of the Committee ap-
pointed to infped the embankment
At Durham-yard, delivered to the
Court of Common -council on Fri-
day laft, fets forth, that the build-
ings ere^ed by Meil'. Adams, pro-
ject into the river zd feet, and that
their farther rncroachmentsy by
earth and robbifh^ projcA into the
river 17c feet in depth, and 397
feeet in length.

That Mr. Paine's buildings pro-
jeft at the Eafl end 18 feet, at the
Weft end 9 feet, in length from
Weft to Eaft 83 feet fix inches ;
and that Mr. Paine's farther en-
croachment by rubbifh, Bcc, pro-
jects into the river 108 feet in
dfpth, and about 461 feet in
length :

That the encroachment by Mr.
Kitchiner is 52 teet at the Weft end,
and 40 feet at the Eaft end, and
about 104 in length :

That ihcfe encroachments are
' prejudical to the public, and
hurtful to the navigation:' And
that the reprefentacions and memo-
rial of the Committee of watermen
and lightermen's Company, of the
chief owners of coal craft, and of
the corn lightermen, contain alle-
gations agatnft the faid encroach-
ipents, which the Committee find
by evidence to be fully verified and
eft^bli(hed.

Warrants were ycftcrday iftued
out at th: Admiralty, figncd by
Sir Edward Ilawkc, and fcnt to
the conftables ol the difi'erent pa-
riih'js within twenty miles of Lon-
don, ordering them to iinprcfs able-
bodied men for his Majcfty'b fea
fervicc : They are to be paid 20 s.
for each man, and fixpencc a mile
for bringing tliem u^s not ex-
ceeding 20 milci, and to deliver

them at the rendezvooj ia Mirk*
lane.

Orders are givea for feveral fnall
(loops and armed cutters to craife
in the channel, and on the Scotch
coaft, to prevent any (hips patting
into o\it ports, fufpc^d of beisf
infected.

His Royal Highnefs the Duke of
Goucefter, in his tour through Ger-
many, dined the 16th ult. withik
Emperor; but was taken ill the
fame evening.

The curious in Aftronomy, by
letting the fun's image through a
telefcope on white paper, may now
fee feveral folar foots, appearing
larger than Venus did at the Traa-
fit.

The fefHons at the Old .
Bailey, which begun on Wed- *'
nefday, ended, wnen eight pri(bMn
capitally conviAed, received fea-
tence of death, viz. Charles Bnrtoo
for a burglary ; Bartholomew Lang-
ley, for the deteftable crime of
beftiality, with a (he-afs, in a hovel
near Knight(bridge ; Jdm Barton,
for horfe-ftealing ; Jofeph Knight,
Thomas Bird, and William Payne
for robbing the houfeof Mrs. Jere-
dare of a large quantity of filver
plate ; William Williams for a
highway robbery, and WilUam
Brent for a burglary in the houfe
of Lewis Carticr, in Spur-fireet,
Leiccfter- fields, and ftealing a pair
of diamond ear-rings of great va-
lue, frvcral bank notes of the valoe
of 1500 1. 240 guineas, and fix
Portugal pieces, valued 10 ]. 16 s.
the property of Edward Jordaut
Lfq. At this feflions thirty were
oruered to be tranfported for feven
years ; one was branded in the
hand, who was a hackney coach-
man, for manfl.iughtcr; four were

ordered

CHRONICLE.

bS9

oiflers on that tSiiT, which hava
been rerufcd^ We have agreed to
flop ill commercial intercourlb with
New- York, on account cf [Hat i>ro-
vioce brcalciag ths N on -Imparl a ti-
OD Agreement, which we Uriftljr
aa&er. who was iadifled adhere to.

inir one of his Scholars, a Admiral Knotvlea hi) ohtained
perniifSon to enter inio the Cziri>
na's fervice. He i* to rank Firft
Admiral of the Czarina's fleet, and
have a feat in her Council. Hii pen-
B a fmalt box on the ear, fion is teo thoufand rubles (aajoL)
fttrttwate youth Handing a year, and a loool. Aerliog an-
B fire, and Ihrinking from nually to be paid to hit Lady ind
rrefiion, moft unhappily family, with the benefit of inrvi.
le fide of his bead againit vorlhip. A compliment of five
', or moalding in the chim- hundred guineas is to he made for
X, which beat in a piece prcfent pocket ejcpences, and he ia
knllt and the extravarated to be received, in hii journey, u
r Majelly't expence, at hii arri-
I on the edge of the Rufliaa do-
minioDs. Upon quitting the Cza-
I fervice, he has i promife of
being reioftated in hii preleat rank.

The fectbtary of ihe fociety of
agriculture of Leon, hath drawn
up a memorial, wherein he proves,
fmltiiirfrtmCbarUi-Tetun, that the great number of ufelef*

to be miratcty wt:ipped,
iificlr whipped, and thir-
re difcharged upon procla^

igft otheri who were ac-
at this lift Seflioni, was a

gentleman,
, who being very inacten-
DBra^on, his MaRer. afte-
I xdmoDitions, intending ti

flbing from the con tu lion
the brain, he died early
morning. The Mailer had
excellent charafler for his
tendernefs, and care of his
, and patticularly to this

lUlembly has been fitting
; I4ih inll. The Lower
u come to feveral refoluti
eming the Council, which
e communicated to them
ibtcfa * reply is preparing.

dogi in the kingdom, anaually con-
fume of aliments proper for the
1 fpecies, to the amount of
fixteen millions, which would fur-
niOi Tub Cite nee for upwards of
300,000 men.

A mod horrible attempt has been
made at Cortona in Italy ; All the
ne of contention is the Monks of the convents of the Scr.
fierling voted the Bill of viles were poifoned by fomething
People. The Lieutenant pot in their visuals, but they were
r has communicated to the preferred from death by the fpeedi-
f a Royal inftrufllon con- nefs with which remedies were
I very ftroog terms, refpefl- brought. They are m.iking alt
lid I ^00 1. and fuggelling poffible fearch to find out ihofe
* model ID palTing money- who were culpable of this eoormoui
which the Commons Houfe crime.

Ireffed his Honour for co- This morning, about ten,! .

U Iclten to [he King's Mi- prodigioui ongibcr of people ' '

crowded

i6oi ANNI^AL REdlSTEli,

crowded into Weftminfter-hal!,
which continoed to fill till noon,
when Mr. Wilkes came into the hall*
attended by Mr. Sawbridge» and
luiving received feveral hazzas, he
afcenoedthe fbiri, and after inform-
ing the company of the intent of
their prefent meeting, he began to
aread a paper of inftractioas to their
aembersy the purport of which
was. That as petitions, addrefles,
and remonftrances to the throne,
for a redrefs of grievances hitherto
unprecedented, had been of late
defpifed, and by the advice of evil
coanfellors, difmiiTed from the
throne ; therefore, that their repre-
featacives be intruded to move for
ao impeachment of Henry North,
commonly called Lord North, as
not only the contriver and fchemer,
but even the carrier into execution
of thefe cruel and unconi\itutional
machinations.

Mr. Sawbridge oppofed the in-
firuftions, for this reafon, *' That
Lord North, having places and
penfions at his difpofal, was at the
head of a fet of people, againft
whom the nacion had evident rea-
fon to complain ; that in the houfe
of Lords he had the Bifhops and
Scots peers ; and all the place mfn
in the houfe of commons on his
fide ; tiiat if his condud was
brought into qucllion in either or
both houfes, he would be acquit-
ted, and they precluded from any
complaint hereafter." He there-
fore moved for a rcmonflrance, and
the queftion being put, it was car-
ried in the afHrmative. A com-
mittee went out to draw it up, and
returned with it in half an hour, the
heads of which were as follow :
1. That a bill be brought in and

faffed for eftabiifaing triennial par-
iaoients.
6

1. That hit M ;

remove from hit prefence a
cils, all hit minifters and fi
of ftate» particalariy Lore
not admit a Scotlinan iniG
miniflration.

3. That a law bo made
el^lort of Great Britain
powered to chafe any re
tives they think proper, wi
gard to any fentence what

4. That no general wa
ever idued, even in caiie
ning a fleet, br recmi
army.

5. That a law be mad
pealing to a fuperior o
bringing in an. additions
to convid a man, even afi
been acquitted by a Jory
fome favourable circamfl
obtained the royal mercy.

It was then agreed, tha
be prefented by Sir Ro
nard, not, as Mr. Sawb
Htely obferved, out of 1
fped to Lord Percy, w
could not help thinkin
thy rcprefentative, and 1
liber:y, but becaufe that
was out of the kingdom.

Married, at Camberw<
Mr. William fiarton, age
of tlie George and Vulta
Cornhill, to Mifs Smith, o
Ro \r, Camberwell, aged

Died lately, aged 10 1
feph Davis, many years
African trade.

N O V E M B 1

A woman in the Old ]
received the fo'lowing
from her hulband, who
to his garden near Ifling

CHRONICLE.

[■6.

*■ Dear wife, before this reachrt office ; upon which i oonteft arafe,
}M, I fliall be no moic: The and the clrrgymaD received ■ blow
wtight oF my misfortuaei, which on the breaft, but a conlUble be-
I hire brought upon myftUhytny ing called immediacely, the hieu-
.criaiml iatcrcourre with Mr!, D. lenaat wag fccured and carried be-
Iim Dot able to beir any longer, fore a MagiJtraie, but after proper
ui ua therefore determined to fubroiUion, w», by the generobttr
flit a life, that for (bme yean has of tbe miniDer, relcafeJ wichont
Wa but of little aCt lo you or ay farther prolccuiion. The poor black.
tUIdren. Farewell, fbreicr. From with hii bride, made his cfcape in
Ua who was once an indulseat ibe fiay.

t«AMd."^Ai foon at flie received Tbe two Kennedys were ^.
Ac above letter, fbe hafled with a brought to the bar'of the

r.;..j .. ._j ._ j: l:_ .^-Qurt of King't-bench. in order

t»i plead to the appeal lodged a-

eaioft them by the widow Bigby ;

Out the matter bt\i\g made up be-

■hand. Die did not appear, and

fiitad to endeavour to divert hi.„
fnun hi> purpofe, but to her grief
fmnd bim haaginKin his own lum-
•er-houfe, quite dead.
The collector of the cuilumi at

Irvine in Scotland, ordered alt the faffered a oon-fuit. An evening
batgling velFeli about the point P*per fays, that when Ihe went to
w Froon, to be feiied and fecured receive the money (350 1. } fbe wept
IrS ibey fliould be a means of im- bitterly, and at lirft refilled to toucb
' the money that was to be the price

of her hulband'i blood ; but being
told that nobody elfe could receive
it for her, Ihe held up her apron*
and bid the attorney, who was to
pay it, fweep it into her lap.
The Wettminller rcmon-
flrancc was prefenied to his
MajellyatSt. Jamei'i, by Sir
The bert Barnard, oneofihc members
■ Wi|. for that city, which was received,
but no anCtver reiuiDed. it wa*

E' 1;, 1711 : died }ill of Oc- ligncd, " By order of the general
, 1766. This equeArian Aa- meeting, John Wilket, Cluif

7th.
rRo-

nrting the plague. This was ef.

«Sed without the leaft oppo£-

liea.

^ Being the birthday of oar

glorious deliverer. King Wil-
liia. the equeSrian flatue of his
litt Royal Higbnefs Willism Duke
pf CamberUnd was opened for the
itlpedion of the public, in the
ctntre of Cavendifh Squac
iifcription ii as foll&wi :
Ba, Duke of Cumberland, born
V>1 >)• >?ii i died }ill of Oc-

, 1766. This equeArian Aa-
•e was creAed by Licutcnint-ge-
eral William Strode, in gratitude At a courtof Aldermen held ~ .
if his private kindoefi. in honour at Guildhall, Brafs Crofby, '"'*
I his pablic virtues. Nor. 5, Anno £fq; the Lord Mayor eleA, was
onisi 1770. fworn into that office for the year

> This morning Michael cofuing. Upon this occafion Mr.

Thomas, a black, and Ann Trecochick iddrelTcd himlelf 10
andlcy. a white, were married (he hall, to enptiin the motives of
St. Olave's, Southwark; but hi> condufl during his mayoralty ;
lilc the ceremony was perform- He obreviid, ihit many ill-na.
[, a piefi-gang interrupted the tured rs^fdlions had been thrown
niAcr in the cclebniioa of his out againlt him for backing prel*.
Vet-XIU. [Jif] warraoia

i6a] ANN'UAL REGISTER, 1770.

warrants In the cit^» in which he ed, that the fever on board
remarked, he wat mftified by the fhip^ though iofedious, was
Drecedents of all the former Lord peftilenti'aU bot only a kind of

k

I

ayors ; that, at a time when the fever, owing to foul air, to rem

whcle n alien was alarmed with the which. Dr. Hales*t ventilator

enemy's great preparattona for war> been foccefsAiIly applied,
he (hould have thought himfelf in- Mr. Serj« Glynn moved in

excufable, as Chief MagiArate, if Court of Common Plens, tor a

he had thrown any oblbuclion in to (hew caufe why the verdidt agi

the way, which might have re- Mr. Home (bould not be fet afi

tarded the manning of our fleet; when, after a fnll hearing, the o

that though he had his doubts with granted the rule.—- On this occa

refpeA to the legality of prefs-war- the right of petitioning was affe

rants, yet, as an individual, thoi^'rh and proved ; if then the right ol

in fo high a (lation, he thouithw'it titioning is the right of the fabj

too weighty a matter for him fingly it muft follow, that the frccdoi

to determine upon, and the more debate is the right cf the fit

pirticuhrly as the parliament was slfo, otherwife the right of a

fo near upon meeting, under whofe tioning would be nugatory.

confideration only fuch buflncfs the evil condufl of Minifters,

could with propriety come. Mr. inllance, is the grievance agi

IVecothick faid further, that he which the fubjed has caufe to c

defpifcd the low and illiberal means plain, how can that evil con

that had been made ufe of to pre- bejuftified, if it is not folly p

judice him in the minds of the ed ? and how can this be pny

public; and as he had, in every if it is not fully and freely debai

refpc^, executed the bufinefs of Freedom of debate mail then

Chief MagiHrate, to the bed of his be inclofed in the right of |

judgment and abilities his con- tioning, as the law gives r

fcience was perfedly eafy, and he thing neceffary to the enjoys

did not doubt but he ihonld meet of a right when it gives the rig!

with the approbation of all his im- be enjoyed,
partial fellow -citizens. Hl» fpeech This day his Majefty

was recci'.ed with applaufe. went in the ufual date to '

, A letter fn^m Portfmouth of the Houfe of Peers, and on
^ * this day's date, alarmed the the fefiion with a mott gm
whole city of London ; it imported, fpeech from the throne,
that at Spithead, there was an out- The infeAioas fever on-
ward-bound Dutch Eaft-Indiaman, board the Dutch outward- '
which had on board 286 men, of bound Indiaman at PortfouNitl
whom npwards of 90 were ficic of fo far abated, that the captaii
an epidemical fever ; and that two tends failing the firll fair «
cuftom-faoufe officeiS) who were No perfon has taken the infe
put on board her, were already from any of the crew on boiH,
dead. As the plague is now fo cept the two cufiom-houfe oi
general in many parts of Europe, already mentioned,
every body dreaded that moil fatal A motion was-thirday nad
dillemper ; but it has fince appear- a Court of Common Conadl

CHRONICLE.

iDt tbit SB banble xd-
KMSrmoce and pecitton
cd to Ua Majeft]'. tooch-
loUtcd right of eleaioo,
ag for a ditfolocioo of
[ ; wkich vna declared in
llivci and s commitice
ited to prepare and bring
ch wa* done accordingly,
aad ordered to be pre-

30 was then madct that
of the conri be given to
l«cotbick, Efm the late
ror, for hii upright cod-
ig hii miyoniij, by the
idaoce to the admiaiHra-
ticeh hi* conftant endca-
>rererving the peace and
f the city, and for pre-
■eif eniuoachneDt on the
I and libertiei of hit fel-
Di ; which was agreed to

frotti Mr. Serjeam Glynn
■i Mayor was read, ex-
* acknowledgment of the
ey had csnfcrred upon
e reloIutioD of the itih
r laftt which waa or-
be entered In lt)« jogrnal
ft.

mCMxtiit, SaturJaj 17.
a offered by the und«r>
. cities and towns to en-
nnwn to enter rolonta-
is MajeAy'tlervice.
LskAi. Forty (hillings
ble feaman to enter vo-
into his Majcfty'a fer-

Jrl/cl. Twenty killings
ible feaman, and fifteen
I every ordinary feaman.
'iStntrfff. Two guineas
ble, and one guinea to
nary feanao.
EdiMiwgi. The fainc a*

[163

TnoM sf AhtrJti*. One guinea
to every able feamaii, and hfteen
(hilling) ta every landman.

TVwjr of Ljntt. One guinea to
every able feaman.

N. B. Thefe bonD(!es tre over
and above the bountW* granted by
gttvernmttnL

The greateft^rtoFthe fpaciona
old church CTedbury In GloUr
cefterCbJre being, as is fapporied.
undtlVniiTied by the flocxls, tumbled
downi and the organ, pulpit, read-
ing-deik, and moft of the pews,
were all crolhed to pieces by th«
falling inof thenxrf'.

Thii morning, abonC ,

twenty miaatei after two, '
% fire broke out at the coaCh-oSce,
the bottom of Surry-flreet in the
Strand, which entirely caafumed
the fame, together with the hou(i£

of Neale, BIq; above it, and

on the other fide, the lioule of Mr.
Comyns the quaker> who planned
the (ating of Senegal. The flames
raged wiih great fury, and it was
with much ditiicalty Mr. Crolby.
head cleric of the coach-office, and
three young women, hii daughters,
faved their lives by gelling along
the gn't*r oa ihs roof into iho
garret of Robert Smith, Efqt whofe
houfr, hsving a ftrong party-wait,
happily put a Hop to the farther
fpeading of the conflagration.
Mrs. Comyns, mother of Mr. Co-
myns, being old, was carried out
od a feaiher'bedt

Mr. Stephens, author of ,
the pamphlet againli the il- '^^
legality of imprifonment for debt,
wai, by a bench rule, called up
before Lord Mansfield, and tho
reft of the Judges of the King's-
ilench, where he fpolte for above
half an hoar, on the fubjecl of hit

Eimphlci and his cale, quoted
lagna Charta. and fcvcral afli of
C«J a parlU.

164I ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

parliament, with great readinefs, feemed to imply a rdcnra

and infifted on his releafcment, well ai a difference of opii

which he urged was no more than the Jory, they were of i

his rights and the right of every there was fafficient groond

fubjcA in Great Britain. Lord new trial; which was acoo

Mansfield heard him very atten- awarded,

tively the whole time, and when This day at one o'clock^

he had concladed, faid, * it was Braft Crolby, £iq; Lord

not in his power to comply wiih Mayor of this city, atteni

his requeft ;' and remanded him Aldermen Trecothick* Step

back to prifon. Mr. Stephens then Townfhend, and Oliver, i

aiked, whether that was his Lord- fheriffs, and aboot an hum

(hip's final opinion ? And, being the common cooncil, pre

anKt^ered in the affirmative, < he from Guildhall to St. Jam

defired his Lordfhip to take care prefent to his Majefty the c

whether the prifoners would not monllrance. They arrived

right themfelves.* Accordingly, two o'clock, and were inu

when the account oF his ill-iuc- to his Majeily by the k

cefs arrived at the prifon, thofe waiting, when the remot

confined there iir mediately aiofe, was read by Sir James I

fecured the turnkeys, and feven town-clerk, (the recorder

of them, who were in upon writs tending.)

of ai fatisfaciendumt made their To which his Majefty «m

efcape. The marlhal then fent ed to return the fbllowiag ai

direaiy to the Tower for a party ** As I have feen no re

of the guards, by which the reft alter the opinion exprdflfed

were fecored. ani'wer to yoor addrefs ap

, His Majedy has been fubjeft, I cannot comply w

20tn. pi^jif^jj to give 1000 K to- prayer of yoor petition,"

wards the relief and aififtance of The waters by the lao

&he Proteilant Difleniing Minillers, were to much out at He

fettled in Nova Scotia, in North- Oxfordlhire, that there %

America ; and likewife 500 1. to- road over the brid£e oU

wards building a church in the but by ropes as direftioi

Savoy* for the ufe of reformed Henley, Abingdon, and

German Proteftants. coaches, were obliged u

Lord Mansfield gave the opinion eight horfes to draw them : ^

of the Court of king's-bench, in wall, which fUnds near the 1

the cafe of the King againft Wood* was carried away by the o

fall, the purport of which was as and on Suaday a bay bor(e»

lblk>ws : That Mr. Woodfall be- faddle and bridle on, fwam

ing charged ia the information the Thames without a ridi

with printing and publifhing Ju- is unknown. The waters \

ains*s Letter to the King, if the much out at Staines, that 1

word cnly had not been inferted in prefs was hindered for Iobc

the verdift, the court would have part of the bridge at WalU

ordered it to be entered up as legal ; Berks, is carried away by ik

bat as the addition of that word flux of waters ; a waggoa

CHRONICLE.

[.6J

TCft Oferfet «t Maidealiead*

1 goidei uc placed on tbe
and there U do navigaiioi)
ThMma, in that part cf the

A rale wu granted in the
COvn of Kine'i-bench, on a

made by Mr. Moretoo,
KOaded b]> tke coanleliors
» and Dnnaiog, for an in-
am againil feven of ihc
lars concetoed in breilcing
the King'i-beiich lift Mon-
id are now confined in the
faol.

Came on at the coart of
CoMinMM Pleai, before Ld.
VUmet, and the reft of tbe
of that Conrli a motion to
e the verdia in tbe cafe of
. Hon. G. Oollow. againft
IWBCi — Serjeant Whi taker,
1 for Mr. Onflow, opened
adinft by obferring, ihat

ao immediate damagri
t prared by Mr. Onflow, in
cfice of the wordi fpotcrn,

icfleAions made ufe of by
(roe, afperfive of hii cha.
sinft fenfibly afieA him ag
nan, and iherefbre, he hop-
rerdiA would be confirmed.

leconded by Serj. X-eigh,
aded how tender the law

tbe cbarafler and good
3f eren the fubordinate
tl men. how much more of
I the higher ranki of life ;
•eluded with aOcing, what
impoiaiion couM be thrown
chancer of a gencleaan,

rcprefenting him ai a man
I promife, but rcgardlefs
iitg his word? he, ihcre-
aa clear in hii opinion,
I verdiil oaght to be con-

Serj. Glpnn, after confidering
the wordt fpoken, proceeded to
Ibew the nature of the meeting 'at
which (hey were fpoken, a legal
meeting of the cleAori of acontity,
for conftitntioaal pnrpofti, where
freedom of debate and freedom of
invcKigation were efleatially ne-
ceffary, and where, if the diarac.
ters of rtprelentativei were not to
be canvaficd, the very purpofe of
the meeting muft wholly Oe de-
feated. He concluded, with aver-
ring that DO precedent conld be
produced in any of oar law-books,
where words fpoken agiinft a re-
prcfentatiTe, merely aSeding hij
charafler in that capacity, were
deemed aSionable. In thit he
wu fupportrd by Serj. Johnfon.
who quoted a noniber of prece-
dents to the contrary. Upon the
whole, tbe court wai of opinion,
that the matter wai of too macb
weight to be haftily determined,
and that it was too late in the term
to give judgment; and, therefore,
ordered that it lie over till next
tcriD.

Hii Excellency the Coont „ .
deGuigne. the new French ""^
Ambaflador, notified bis arrival,
to the Secretariei of State; but
has not yet delivered hit creden-
tials.

Mr. Almon, the Bookfeller, re- ■
reived fentence for felling, in a
monthly pamphlet, Juniui'a Letter
to ihe K— , to pay a fine often
mark', and to find fureiics for hit
^ood behaviour for two yean, liim-
lelf to be bound tn 400I. and
hij furetiei in aool. each. Mr.
Jullice A^n pronounced the fen.
lence, Lotd M— - ■ — d havine

l"J 3

Fortjf

i66] ANNUAC REGISTEK,'i77o.

Forty thoufand feaxneD were vot-
ed for the fcrvice of the enfuing
year. The expence, it is faid»
will amount to two millioas (ler*
ling.

Infurances upon outward-bound
fliips arofe from four to ten per '
cent.

^ At a general court at Chri(l*s
Hofpital, a donation from Mrs.
Webb of 209 1 was received ; and
another of the like fum from Tho-
mas Calverly, Efq;

. This day his Majefty

^5^"- went, with the ufual date,
to the Hciifc of Peers, and gave
the royal aflfent to the bill for pro-
hibiting, for a further limited time,
the exportation of corn, grain,
meal, mals flour, bread, bifcuit,
and Itarch ; and to fuch other bills
as were ready.

Notice was given at the Caftle
of Dublin, that it was his Maj>lly>
pleafure that all officers belonging
to the army (hould forthwith repair
to their refpedlive regiments, ex-
cept fuch as were employed on ne-
ceiTary fcrviccs.

At the univerfary meeting of
the Royal Society held in Crane-
court* the annual Gold Medal of
that Society was ^ven to Mr..
William Hewfon, for his curious
papers en the lymphatic fydem in
animus.

They write from Manchefler,
that a<i the (hip Mars was going
out of Liverpool, for Jamaica, at-
iwp.L'cd by fcveral jt^*ntlemcn, clerks,
women, and pilots, :o the amount
of 22 persons; the pilot-buat,
ir.eeting with a ftrong eaftcrly
wind, and lofing her ilays. v.as
di.ven upon Hoylc's Banic, wlierc
iLc llruck ; nioH ci the people im-
mediately lock to the punt, buc

(he iinkiog in the breaker
it being an ebb-tide, was i
on the bank again; when C
relieved, eleven men got ini
to fetch the people on (bore
the pilot- boat» bat tbe tide
againft them eight of the hk
at the oar with the huga^
pilot- boat was beaten to |
and all the perfimt oo board
ed (among whom was the
of the (hip) except two pile
a clerk ; one of the pilot's k
ing quite fpent with rowing,
to his father, laid hu bead
knee, and ioftamly expired.

The Sieur Ranxonet» '
maker at Nancy, in Lorrai
made a watch of the ci
pocket (ize, in which he ha
an inftrument of his own invi
which plays an air #jr dm
the parts of this little piece
chanifm are difiribated wii
art, as not in the leaft to afl
movement of the watch. It
{o nicely conftruAed, aa not
lifFedled either by heat ^
drynefs or moiHure.

The King of Denmark, I
on the liberty of the prefs
of the molt efficacious meant
ward the progrefs of the f<
has publiihed a refcript, di
the caftle of Hirfcholm, th
of September, in which he e
from every kind of cenfi
boc'ks which (hall be pric
his dominions.

The plague continues tc
cruel ravages in Contlani
Not lefs than looo perfb
vidims daily to this d
fcourgc. Poverty and fami
fjid to fill up the meafure<
calamities, and reuder the
di:;on hoiribk.

CHRONICLE.

[•«7

Intk l*if hiving lately
ined to tht Torntigi Bichi,

Turk hid killed, her haf-
die Baehi told her, that
id the people wonld oppole
liAimeat of the murderer,
oaaa wept bitterly. The

to ■ppeue her, faid, " 1
it opon a method of con-
mo ; embrace ihe religion
great Prophet, and I will
t mordercr of your hofbiod
yyoa."

eraprcr* of Rallia tui pub-
u ordonnance, commind-

who profcfi the Jewilh re-
o depart her dominions in
ed time. The reilbn ar-
il, ihit thefe people hold
ipODdeoce wiu iheir ene-

' write from Oran, a forCreri
»aA of fiarbary. belonging
ipantardi, that one of their
■nagaziDei wii lately fet
there by lightning, by the
; op of which feventy per-
ilhed.

met, Niti. ti. The excef-
91 bare occaGoned fo great
of die Tyber, that it hai
ved iti tunlu, and done
lamage at Rome and the
t country.

a, iV«v. 6. We learn from
in the Upper SileGa, that
with fcveral domellicks,
ime there a few dayi a^
>olaDd, all died fuddcrly
ht after their arrival; thii
t at £rll cauCed great con-
M amoogO the inhabitant).
Might tbofe perfoni died of
igue ; but their fears foon
I, when it appeared that
d beta poiJboed by cuing

Extras af « Luttr /ram DubUn,
Navimitr 26.

great damage was done amongft
ihe fhtpping. The followine par-
ticulars are come to hand: the
Endeavour, of Whitehaven, Mack-
merry, loll, and all hands. Thd
Harlequin, Johnfoo, of ditip, lolt,
and all hand:. The Primfofe,
Steel, of Wirkington, lod, and
ail hands. A Bug, Meflengcr.
of Matyporti loft, the crew fived,
except (be Mafler and one hand.
A Brig, Bifcoe, of ditto, loO, all
hands faved. A Brig, Mufgrave,
of ditto, IoH, all hands fived.
A Erig, Simproo ; the Good In-
tent, Thorn plon ; a Sloop, Jack-
fan; and the Pretty Jenny, Per-
kins, are all fuppofed to hive
foundered it fea, no account hav-
ing been heard of them."

The accounts that bare been
received during the courfe of
the prefent month, of the me-
lancholy eiTeAs of the Jtoodi ia
feveral part* of the kingdom, ex-
ceed any thing of the kind that
has happened in the memory of
man. The cities and towns fitu>
aced on the banks of the Severn
have fuffered very great dillrefsj
thofe on the Trent have fuflncred
Ail) more j the great Bedford Le-
vel is now under water; houfes,
niilli, bridges, on almofi every
brook, have been borne down ;
but the moft afTeCting fcene of all
happened at> Coventry, where the
waters in the mit!dle of the night
came rolling into the lowrermoft
flrert of the towo, and almoft ii-

[M] 4 llaDU.

i68l ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

ftantaneouflv rofe to an alarming

height. The poor there, fill the D E C £ M B E R.

houfet from top to bottom ; thofe

vrho occupied the lower apart- His royal Htghnefs Prince «

men ts ptriOied immediately ; fome Edward and Princefti Augafta ^

who dwell on the fir ft floors, af- S phii, were inoculated for lbs

cended higher and faved their fmali-pox> by Penael and Cdar

lives ; bot thofe who attempted to Hawkins, Efqrs.

efcape by wading » prrifhcd by the A caufe came on to br heard

inundation. More th&n feventy before the Lords Con milDooeri

perfons havt been taken up drowned Smythe and Bathurft, wherein Mr.

in that city only, and accounts Macklin, late of Covcnt- gardn

have been received of many more thea:re, was plaintiff, and two

in other piac^s. buoklcllers were defendanu. It

DieJ, on the firli of O^^-.ber, appeared that the defendants were

th^ Rev. George Whiteficld» at the publifhers of a roonchly pro-

Ncwbury- port. New England, daflion, and had hired a p^rfofl

The tollouirg anecdote rt-portcd to take down the firil Ad of a

of him is irujy chirn^teriiiic — - farce called Love A-la-mcdCf

In the early part of his life, he written by the plaintiff'; theytim

was preaching in the open fields, inferted it in their magaziiKt

when a drummer happened to 4^00 of which were printed, and

be prrftrnt, who was determined 3500 fold; the plaintiff thereteic

to iiuerrupt his pious bufinefs, prayed, that the dtfendancs might

and rudely beat his drum in account for the profits, and vigkt

a violent manner, in order to be retlraired by the court froa

drown the l*reachcr*s voice. Mr. felling any more of the faid booki-

White fit Id (poke very loud, but was After hearing counfel on botk

not fo f owcrlul as the infliumcnt ; tides, the court granted lit*

he therefore called out to the Macklin a perpernjl injundica.
drummer in tliefev.ords:—" Friend, In confcquencc of a pcticioa

you add 1 itrve the two grcateft of feveral merchants of LoodoBt

Mailers exifting, but in different tracTIag from Hamburgh and Bre^

callirgt; you may beat up for vo- men, fetting forth, that there

lunteers for King George, I for doth not appear to be the Icai

the Lord Jefus Chrift. In God's 1 -mptom of an epidemical ^

name then don't let us interrupt i mper within fcvcral hundred

each other; the world is wide n les of either of thofe places; thai

enough for us both, and we may the linens imported by the peti*

get recrutti in abundance." This tioners are all manufaflnrcd io

fpec*ch had fuch an efFe6i, that diflferent parts of Germany, where

the drummer went away in great there are not the leaft figns of any

good humour, and left the Preacher infeAion ; and praying, that aU

in full poffefiioD of the field. (hips fr<>m Hamburgh and Bre«

Mrs. Gray, aged 121, at men. that have no rags or cottoo«

Northflecf: ibc was born deaf and wool on board, be not obliged 10

dwDb» perform quarantine; ^hia majei^

faciB|

CHRONICLE. [i«j

rou tQ nmore all re- wer« all extatei u TylwrB.

)■ trtdci fa ht u ta»j Daring their cxecaiion « lafga

Dt with the fafety of hit (caffijia fell down, by which foma

I picafed to order that were killed, and many fagrt.—

tine at prefent fubfiftiag Payne wat capiulty cooviAed fbine

upi and vefleli coming time ago for abu£ng Muj Brandf

burgh and Bremen, be a little girl under eight yctn of

pntvided that they have age, bnt received the Kiag'i par-

r cocton-wool on board, don. Langley denied tbe ft& for

he mafier, tee. of fuch which he iuffered, with the lacn-

'ft make oath before the ment in hit mouth.
ifc o&cen t>r chief ma- The Lieuienanii in the preli

<n their arrival at the fervice waited on the Lord Mayor

are bound to, that they of thi) city with a mellage from

wch at any pbce from the Admiralty, deiiring big Lord-

larantine u required to Ihip lo back the prelt-warrantt,

led, noT had communi- which hii Lordlhip refnfed.
I any fliip or vefliel Tub- Came on at Doer's Com- r ,

o during the voyage i moni. the admiffibiltiy of La-

the crew are all in dy Grofrenor't recriminate allega-

titmt, charging hii LordDiip with

ly alt the read»voat- a£ti of adultery with feveral dif>

attended the Lord- ftrent women fame time before her

being in office fince the Ladylhip wai charged with ths

der to have their war- like crime by hi* Lordfhip, when

r backed for preffing, part of the allegation were rc>

lame was refulcd ; he jefled and part admitted,
hat the city-bounty waa The feffiont ended at the » >
> prevent fuch violence*. Old Bailey, when five capital
cr near Swinefhrad, in convifti received fentence of death,
re. having a fmall field John Clarice and John Jofeph De-
pound which the late foe, for robbing Alexander Por-
MX reach, but appeared dyce, Efq; of a gold watch on
illand in the midtl of a tbe highHay ; Thomat Meekina.
r, A qoaotity of (heep ibr aflaulting Smunaah Malemore
^ thereon, which the on the highway, TavUbing and
.ling ifoald be llarved to robbing herj Mark Marki, a Jew,
ployed men with boats for robbing JoQiui Crowden in
:hem away, and among Duke'i Place ; and Thcmai Hand,
:ed up above twenty a Cowkeeper, for wiltully and raa-
larei, which had herded liciouQy firing a piilol at Jofe(4i
Holloway, (executor to (be pri-
hi( day )^n Barton, foner'i brother) one of the ball* of
. Knight, Tho. Bird, which entered above his wrill, and
rent, (this laft for Ileal- came out near the elbow.
note*, ft* to the value At ihU fcfiions 60 pTifcner*

from Lad^Mayo) and were tried, one received lenience

ew Laogley for bcAialiiy, to be txanfportcd for 14 year* t

1410

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

170]

14 to be tranfporced for fcven
years; 16 tx) be whipped, and two
£Bed and ioipriToned.

A refolation has paflTcd ; that
3781752 1. ihall be granted for the
ordinary fupply of the navy for

J771.

A refolotion has alio paiTsd, to

grant 423.7471. for defraying the
charge ot buildings and reL)aiJd-
ingSy and repairs of fhips» for

1771.

. A trial came on in the

^^^^' court of King's, bench,
wherein a clergyman in Cam-
bridgefhire was plaintiff, and a
Corn Merchant, his neighbour,
defendaut. The a^ion was
brought for the fedudlion of the
plaintiff's daughter ; when the
jury, that was Ipecial, gave 1200 1,
damages.

Wbitdnn. Dec. 8. The Hali-
fax fchooner, Capt. Glaliford, is
mrrived from Bofton, and brings
advice, that the trial of Captain
Preftoo, on the indi^ment pre-
ferred againft him in confequence

of what happened on occafion of 1769.

The council for the Royal Aca-
demy in PaU-Maily gave ten gold
and filver medals, (being the bfl
imprclfioDS from their new dies)
executed by Mr. Pingo, froa a
dcfign of Mr. Cipriani, to ik
undermentioned artifts, whofe per-
formances were adjadgcd worillf
of pieroiams laft year. Infcribcd
round the edge of each it the M-
lowing :

G O L/D M i D A L S.

To Mr. James Gandon» for cbi
bell defign in archttednre, 1769^

To Mr. Mauritius Lowe, for thf
bell hiftorical piclure. 1769.

To Mr. John Bacon, for the
bell model of a bas-relief, 1769^
Silver Mbdals.

To Mr. Matthew Liart» for a
drawing of an academy fi|UC»
1769.

To Mr. John Graffi, for ditto.

To Mr. John KitchingnaD^ fv
ditto.

To Mr. Jofeph Strutt, for ditto.

To Mr. Ihomaa Hardwicitei
for a drawing of architete^i

the riot in that town on the 5th
of March laft, came on in the
fuperior court of judicature and
court of aflize and general gaol
delivery, on Wednefday the 24th
of Ociober, and continued till
the 30th, when he wds fully ac-
quitted.

I'o Mr. P. M. Van Gilder,
for a model of an academy £g«iCt
1709.

To Mr. John Flaxmao* jdb
for a mode) of ditto*

At a court of Common ^\
Council a motion was made, ^
that the thanks of the court be

Friday was tried in the court of given to the Rt. Hon. the Lord
King's- bench, the great caufe be* Mayor and committee, for their

tween Daniel M*Kercher, fifq;
plaintiff, and Francis ileylon Pea-
cock, E'c|; defendant, concerning
a will, wherein was devifed about
50,000 1. a year to the former by
the wife of the faid Peacock ; and
after a long heiiring, the jury
brought iu a verdict for the delcu-
4aAt.

diligence in profecuting the into
tions of the court, to procure iea*
men for his Majelly's fcrvice; bf
which means the former disagree-
able method of imprefling feamca
has become unneceflary, &c. which
was unanimos/ly agreed to. It
appeared H^ the commitee*a ao»
count, that 48s m^ were ca-

tcreda

CHRONICLE.

ri7t

id fcciived di« city'* By accoanu from Liverpool wa
leirn. that on the 6th inll. a moft
tide hanog appeared in violent ftoim of wind from th«
ic papers, rciiing forth, South-Well Tat in with the lid^,
be two yoang Princes at and kept increafing until about
■der inoculation, arc kept high water, when it Oiifted to ihe
ge room without a &re, Nonli-Wclt, doing on that day,
curtain* to the bed they and the two days rollowing, incrc-
Dr. Win I ring ham, under dib!e dacnagc to the fhips both in
re tbey are, has chought and out of the dock). A floop
itradiA the fame ; Grll, ai from Scotland, with reGiwd fugKr,
le hlfhood; and fecondly, being driven among the flati and
;ht be the occafion of car- rffi;iil craft wu bulged and funk.
•ji pcaftice what would be At noon tide the water rofe over
wilb pernicious cunfe- ihe quay, oppofite the cuftom-
hourc, and wafhed away upwards
This day the following of zooa deal planki, bcfides great
lis received the royal af- quantlliet of balkt. Several caika
irtue of a commiffion from of butter and tillow were driven
fty, vis. CO Oiore near Formby, with tbo

ill to continue the duties Cork mark upon them ; and ai two
numi cyder and perry. vefi'eli arc expcLtrd from Cork, it

>ill for the beite'r fupply ii feared thai at Icaft one of theia
ten and feamen to lerve is loft. Several coafter* to PrelloDt
lajefty'i Ihips of war, and Lancalter, and Carlifle, are loft,
■ad on board merchant and three pilot-baaii are milling.
The Whale, Alhburn, from Li.
erpool for CariiUe, drove alhore
ear Formby land- mark ; the peo.
pie are all favcd, but the cargo it
iotirely loft.

By the ftorm of wind which .

began lall night, and conti- 'S*"^

nued to blow with great violence

s morning, incredible damage

I been don: to the Shipping all

g [he fea coad, pariicolirly at

dother trading vclTels.
litl to amend an b,&, for
ral quiet of the fubje^i
all preieucei of cooccal-

Q fuch other billi u were

allowing account is re-
' the lolt of the fliip Gn>
>t. John Beatfbn, mailer
-om Leiih lo London : Ihf
>on the Spurn rocks, nrai
Ji of the Kumber,

>u[h,

I fail

upon the fands, aud tverj
coaH, on the lyih of foul on boird pcrilhed.

TJiis maroij:g, about a quarter
before one, a wh-'le range of the
call battlvmeot of Wellmin.ler.haU
gave way, the bindi: g and cement
being thoroughly decayed. The
tlones fell upon Oliver's CofFc*-*
houfe, broke through the ccilin;.
thcu^h of Uad, aai through liic

it. It appeared that there
perfonsin all favcd; viz.
lio, hit fon, and nepht:w,
- other., in (he boat, -ind
with Gx others drove on
the wreck ; and that 19
a all peiilhed.

17a] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

corner of the porch or gallery over flowed in t fenner winitr by tie

the hall gate, but no lives were Dykes breaking sear the liuls

loft. The ftones of which this an- town of Heufleo.
tient and noble pile is built, were

brought from Caen in Normandy,
and are fomethirg between lime-
Itone and freeflone, of a Tandy
texture, and, by age, a yrllowiih
caft.

The company of Grocrrs have
ordered 200 1. to be diftributed
among their poor members by way
of Chridmas relief; alio have given
100 1, to the M-rine Society tor
fitting out ^'oor and defeitcd boys
for the RingN (hips ; btiide!* a do-
nation of 20 1, to ten poor Clergy-
men's widows.

The trial of Mr. Robinfon for ot CaOiIls immediately repaired ta
pnbli(hing one of Junius*s letters, the fpot, with feme fervants lad
came on at Guildhall. Whiltl the dependants, ereAed a tent on ike
judge was giving his charge, one of (bore, gave orders that fuch dead
the jury ilarted up, and cried out, bodies as were caft on fliore (hoald

RxirmB §/ m Litttrfrmm Edhkrik,
Dec. itth.

'* I am extremely fbrry to in*
form yon of the lofs of the Belfai
Trader ; which happened on Taef^
pay night the nth inft. Jo un-
ing the point of Gtrvin in a vi(v
lent gale of wind, (he was drives
againlt the rocks near that place,
beat to pieces, and every foul pe-
ri (bed ; Oie was laden with lioeMi
butter, hides, &c. and had (everal
paiTtngers on board. The £arl

** You need not fay any more, for
1 am determined to acquit him ;"
on which the auorney - general
moved (o have that man removed
from the jury ; but this was ob-
jected to by Serjeant Glynn ; on
which the trial was put off till
next term.

TifiJ, Dec. 5. The Rhine and
the Waal have rifen to an uncom-
mon height for fomr days pall,
and this day we received the me-
lancholy ;iccount that the Rhine
Dyke between Ophealden and
J^akemond, was hrukcn through
lall Sunday ; by which all Becuve,
Thii'lwjrJ, Ciircn, Cuilcnbcrg,
Becrt. Renav, Acquoy, Alpcrcn,
and Hcukcloin, with all the coun-
try between the Wa.il, the Rhine,
and the i rek, to i\\v Deildyk and
Gorciim. are hud under the W3irr.
'I'hus all the inhabitants »rc iignln*
10 the uim<'ft milery, this being

be taken due care of, decently ift*
terred, and the money or eflfeAi
found upon them, to be preicrved
for their friends.'*

An embargo was laid by ^
his Excellency the Lord ^
Lieutenant of Ireland on all Oiip-
ping, laden with Irilh provifiooi,
in the Ports of that kingdom, ei-
cept to Great Britain and the do-
minions thereunto be'onging. fiy
this meafure both Spain and
France will be very much diftrefled
to vidual their refpedive fleets.

This day the following bills ,
rcceired the royal aflent, by *^
a commiflioQ from his Majefty,
viz.

The bill for granting an aid to
Lis MajeAy by a land-tai, to be
raifed in Great Britain for the Cer-
vice of the year 1771.

The bill for pu:iitiang mutiny and
deft. rt ion, and U^r the better payment

the fame coun:ry that was over- of the army and ihci; quarter!.

The

CHRONICLE.

['73

The bill for tbe better regala-
tion of his Majefty's marine forces
when on (here.

The bill to continue an adl for
allowing the free importation of
Calted provisions from Ireland, and
from the American colonics, for
a fiutber limited time.

The bill for (hutting op certain

foot-paths in KentiOi-town, aod

opening others in their room.

And to feveral private bills.

A few days (ince, as a yoang

■u was walhing himfelf in his

father's kitchen near the Tower,

a woman who lived in the houfe

caae to him v^ith a child in her

ami, defiring him to kifs it : he

repl«d« that he would kifs no baf-

Urd; upon which (he threatened

10 torn him ont of doors, as (he

had done his fifter: words arifing,

he rso np ftairs, fetched a loaded

piiloip with which he wounded her

in the throat, and (he died yefler-

day. The young man immediately

furrendercd himldf to Jutlicc Pell,

and was committed to the Tower

goal.

• K Notwithftanding it being
*> Chiillmas-day, there was
a great board of Adminilcy held.

Their Royal Highndles Prince
Edward aod the Princefs Augulb-
Sophia, who were lately under
ioocolation for the fmall pox, are
now fo well recovered as to be able
logo abroad,

Mr. Arnod, watch-maker, in
St. James's- (Ireet, prefentcd to his
MajcAy a fmall repeating watch in
a ring, the cylinder ok which he
made of an oriental mby. Its
dianeier it the 54th part of an
inch, ita length the 47rh, and iu
weight the xoo part of a grain.

Mr. Cunningham, a merchant
ia BfUU w IicUDdj having cauled

a man to be apprehended who had
committed wafle on the ciijte of
the Earl of Donnegal, more than
loco armed rulTians allernblcd next
day, fet tire to his houfe, and
burnt it to the ground with all the
valuable furniture; the whole da.
mage fndained amounted to 8oco I.
On leaving the town they took
feveral merchants as hoftages for
the releafe of the prifoner, whom
it was thought proper to fet at
large in order to regain the homa-
ges. As foon a; that was obtained,
a pnriy of the military went in
purfuit of them, but with what
iucceis is not ycc publicly known.

A very melancholy accident
happened to a poor family ac
HorncalUe in Linculnfhirc, hv
burning cirircoal in an iron pot to
dry a new plaillered chamber, in
which lay a man and his wife,
and three children. The wife be-
ing taken ill in the night, the huf.
band got up to call iome neigh,
hours to her alfiiUnce; two wo*
men came dircdliy, who with the
roan, his \Kife, and the three
children, were all fu located by
the fumes. A caution this againli
deeping in rooms with burning
charcoal.

The general increafe of agricul-
ture in the feveral provinces of
France, for the laH fix years, is
worthy of attention, and may one
day or other affccl the general
Geco:iomy of this nation more than
the advantages ihi-y can ever ob-
tain over us by a wjr. It appeart
by exaft accounts delivered in to
governnienc, that the waP.es in-
clofzd and cultivated within the
fhort tcim of five years (without
including the prefeot year) amonnt
to 360,000 afpent<, or 400 o^o
Engliih ac^cs nc^ly. At the

t74l ANNUAL R£

loweft eflimation thefe wades chat
were before barren have produced
900.000 quarters of grain, and that
the lands before in tillage, by the
great improvements that have been
lately made in their culture, have
equalled the above in their addi-
tional increafe. Upon calculation
it has been found, that i ,8ao,ooo
quarters of corn will fopply
1,500,000 people wiih bread a
whole year, or the whole French
nation one month.«-lf peace (hould
continue, ard the fpirit of agri-
culture increafe, France will be-
come the common granary of £a-
rope for corn.

Dr. Rotheram, in a Philofophical
Enquiry into the nature and pro-
perties of Water, lately publifhed,
fays, •* One effcft of 'now, which
I can afTure my readers of, is, that
a certain quantity of it, taken up
freih from the ground, and mixed
in a flour puddinp, will fupply the
place of eggs, and make it equally
light; the quantity allo'ted is two
table rpcx>nsful iniiead of one egg ;
and if this proportion be much ex-
ceeded, the pudding will not ad-
here together, but will fall to
pieces in boiling. I aflert this
from the experience of my own
family ; and any one, who chufes
to try it, will find it to be fafl."

A letter from Mr. Edmonflone,
who was one of the pafTengers faved
out of the (hip Grocer, fays» that
it is fuppofcd the fand-bank at the
tnouth of the liumber, on which
the (hip ftruck, was thrown Up by
the rapidity of the dream and the
meeting of the tide, during the
late great floods in that river, as
ftiips went into the Humbcr foiiie
months ago, without meeting with
any ob(\ru6lions. This is menti-
oned as a caution to feamen.

GlSTfift, if76.

The tniwer retmiicd to toA
mercantile bodies as have appM
for the proteflion of their tradi^
is, that their requelb ihall III
granted, if a war be declared be-
tore the time they require it ^ aii
this regards the applications of ill
India Company and Carolina Ifo
chants, as well as other bodiaof
capital traders.

Lord Bute is at Venice, and hi
lately fent to England three boani
of human and other bones, vUck
may be counted a cariofity, »d
ccme from a place in Iftria, itti
his Lord (hip calls in a letter of b»
The Catacombs of the World, h
is certain that in an ifland eppo^
fite Dalmatia, there were fonk
after digging through the fnrta
about four feet, fuch a qnaolkf
of human bones, goinv a piw
gions depth, and running mM
the fea, probably to the oppofa
(bore, as is aftonithing and whuUf
unaccountable. The booes srt
not all human, but mixed wA
thofe of other animals; nor oa
they be a lu/us naiunie, having d
the properties of bones, tked
that of (linking when put ia (11
fire, which they may have kl
through the prodigious time tkf
mull have been depofited.

Sir Charles Knowles, ^^a
lately appointed Chief Pre- '
fident of the Admiralty to ^.
Emprefs of RufTia, fet oat wtt
his family for Peter(bargha bf^
way of Calais^ to take oil Ua
that oftice.

This night there was t ^
very hot prefs on the river '^
Thames t thev paid no regard (•
protedionSk but ftripped eitf/
vefTel of all their hands that««^
ufcful. They boarded the Qlttnt
Ead-Indiaman ; but the crew tfi'*

aloit

CHRONICLE. [17s

nKCf eot on Ihore, ind wrecks and dead bodies fitKng th«

> Loodon about tweWe Ihores arriret duly. There ha*

It » computed that on not been fb general a dcftrufliov

and OS Ihorc, they took among the Ihipping oa oor coifta

'700. in the memory of man.

y arriTcd io town from Letters from Mahoo advife, thai

Ncw-Englaod, Capt. two chefls, one containing the

lo was tried there lately Gofpelj niofl corioufly bound,

t of fome lives being with golden coveri, and S verjr

riot between the town curioni fet of Communion -plate,

ildiery, liui wai honour- all rid'y imbolTed ; and the other,

:ted. containing equally magnificent

eruption of Mount Ve- veftmenta for the Prirtts of the

lately alarmed the ad. Greek church at Mahon, haa

airy, but ferves co amufe been fent as a prefent by the Em«

s. The aperture is not prefi of Rullia, which were re-

fcot in diameter. The ceived by tbem the third of Oc-

qnid fire runs down the tober, th« coronation -day of the

' mountain at a great Emprefs.

:<s than five niks id an Jt»mt, Dec. 19. Cardinal Col»*

. as this ftream is not rina, vicar to the pope> bai pab-

twetve or fourteen feet lifhed a placard, by which alt

ladeft part!) and fpreads women, of what degree foever, are

' former lavas as loon forbid to appear in the churches

MS the great valley tliai with their faces uncovered.

een Veluviuj and the H.ig^e. Dee. 21. On Wednef-

of Somma, it 11 hoped day lall, being the day appointed

t reach (he fertile and for chrillening the new-born

pari], unlefi it Ibould daaghier of their Serene and RoyjL

:Teat)y. The mouth of HigtineiH;! the Prince and PrincelV

no fmokes much, bat of Orange, that ceremony »a* per-

fts up Aones nor makes formed with the greateH folcmniiy,

lb (hat one may walk in the great church of this town,
banki of thii extraor- The young Princefs was named
vet with the greatcit Frederics - Louifa - Wilhelmina ;
and had the honour to have the
received by the general King of Great Britain, the King
lay. are full of the da- of Pruflia, and their Mightineiretr
e l^ the dreadful florm among her Iponfori. The Prince
4(19 of ihii kingdom, of Orange entertained the Stalcs-
niy fail of the collien General, &c. in a fplendid man-
London were wrecked ner at dinner, after the ceremony
uih, and many of the was over, at the palace called thr
Ihed. One of the go- Old Court.

armed veflVIs, with is] Yederday, and ihi* day, depa-

board, fufTercd in the latioiti from the Slates- General,

er. From every quarter and the difTereni provinces and

Kclanchol/ accounts of townt, have had th: honour w

watt

176] ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

wait apoD the Princeb of Orange, the fam of 589.5001 tad

and accoflipanted their compTi- ions employed ia the c

jneots of congratulation with the of architeA, engineen. i

free gift of their conAituentt, to and compcoller 10 the bri

the new-born Princefs; which a- avenues received the fom of

mount to ttpivardf . of 35^000 fio- los. exclufive of gratnitic

fin& yearly for her life. invcocon of centen, and

It appears by the abftra^ls of the feveral eagises and machi

accounts, laid by the Black- friars- in the (aid work; all w]

bridge committee before the court finefs we find Wlr> Mylne 1

of Aldermen, that the /um of fur 3,762 L 10 s.

166,217 ^« 3 *' 10 i'^* P^*^ ^^ ^^^ There has been, accor

leveral artificers, in the bridge the above ab(lra£t, on ti

account, includes the fum of of laft January. 70,000

C830 1. for arching and filling up rubbifh laid on the marlh

rieet-ditch, and making the way on the Surry fide of Blac

from Flect-ftreet, to the upper bridge, towards making

ground in the parifh of Chrift- roads from thence by th

Church, Surry; 5000 1. for pit* dalen-hofpital to the turoj

ini> the foundation of the feveral order to give it a iblidit;

picr.s ; 400 I. for the three privies, at gravelling,

the ends; and 2167 I. for making. By the (aid abftraQ it

filtering and repairing the tern- pears, that the tolls recei

pcrary briJge, which being de- the temporary bridge p

«luded, the nctt expence of the expence of paying the

building the b(idge, is 152,840!. money to the Watennea

35. 10 d^. and was completed pany, for the Sunday fen

by Mr. Mylne in ten years and the charge of ereding, 1

three quaricis, from the time of and watching it, and ai

his being employed by the city the building fund, the

for thnt purpd'e, for which his 1,7571*
fa]:.ry fcr hiiii'clf, as furvcyor,

^•rihite^, engineer, nieafurer and Died lately, in Scotland

iiibdeiks, amount to 3762 1. los. icsd year of his age, Joh

It appears alio bv the faid ab- nis, a labouring man. H

flraft, that the repairs of London- the militia at the battle c

bridge amounted to 80,060 1. for cranky; followed his <

which the architefts and furveyor employment till within 1

had five per cent, on the an'ifi- of his death ; and retu

ccrs bills, and one per cent, of fenfcs to the laft.

the purchafes. At Maffiac in Auvergn

VVrflniinfler-bridgccoftziS.Siol. Aniouroux, in the 117th

an J was eleven years and nine his age. He enjoyed a

months in building, for which from the King for thefe fi^

the Parliament gr.inied for build- pail, on account of his great

ing and procuring the feveral con- At a village near Cardi

\enier.cits requiJite thereto, frcm South Wales, one Tofeph I

the year 1737 to 49, inclufivc, cari)cnter, aged io6«

fcHRONICLE. I177

sen) Bih of all the ChriAen- tit Gnfi PrcJaet tf ih* Duij pi
;t And Boibijii from December Bafi . for «m TeoTf tuding tb*

I. t. d.

Btnim — — — 43 9 J
Bath — — — 066

Bedford t- 48 16 v

17109 2>4^4 tfocks ' — — . 19 9 4

^uch.&.p„5. . sr"-— - ;:jni

I ndcT two jreirs of age 709^ Doncafler ^ ^—^.. i; ♦ 4

Betwccu 3 ud 5 2)27 Dorfet » ~ 14 6 3

5 and 10 916 ElTex — ... ^ . 2781 19 8

10 and so 87s £xoa " — 15 10 J

'30 xnd ^o 17^9 Oloncefler .~—r- >5 >o %

30 and 40 3178 Grantham ,— ^ 43 ■> o

40 and to 199Z Hant* > 8314 is it

50 and 60 1603 Hereford ■ . 7065 a 4

6« and 70 1468 Hertford . — ,— ;; 12 8

70 and 80 1026 Hiocola ■ 17^8 7 4

80 and 90 3^7 Lynn — — 22 7 }

90 and too 56 Manchefier ^~—. 75 13 10

too o Nortbani[ttoD ^ .^ 265

100 and 102 I Norwich ^ — 22 16 x

ioo and loj 1 Oxon — — o 8 1 1

100 and 1*7 1 Readios ^t- 1*21 7 1^

Rochefter . — 3814J 12 8

Paru, Btrtiu I9549. Deaths Sarqm -r- — 119 >$ 8

y Maimgei 4775. - Fonnd- Salop — ^ 936

received in the HofpitiU, Sheffield — 704 18 8

Jocreafed in the bihhi Sufiblk — — 1 191 10 o

rear 104- Increafed in the Sorry — ^ 138 17 ii

SuOez — — 13687 2 S

Tinnwii — — 6 13 o

Bed 517. Marriages 173. Tiverton — — 4 11 4

1429. Increafed in chriAen- « f Eaft . ^~ -^ e 1$ 4

7. Decreafed in bgrials ji. -3 < Middle -^ — 19 9 o

the coorfe of UltyearjSgo £ (Well — 478

arc been cleared frdni New- Wolverhampton - 4340 14 10

of which 3{io were coafl- Worcelltr — i8il 14 4

tad J70 only for- foreign '■ ■

in. being jS lefi than were Total — 101131 2 j

A out laft yeir, ■-■ - —

L.XIU. I-V] Bittlii

t7S] ANNUAL REGISTEK, 1770.

Iffajr 7.

;

BIRTHS for tlic tear 1770.

Jan. 2. Lidy of Lord Vifcoont
•Gige, of a child dill-
born.
q. Lady Sofan Burgerth, (^
• a daughter.

II. Lady of Lojd Vifcoirat
Bellafyfe, oi a daugh-
ter.
Dean of Worcefter't Lady,
of a ion.
aj. Lady of Lord Vifoonnt

Weymottth of a fon*
29. Right Hon. Lady Hope«
of a daughter.
Feb. 1. DotcheG of Gordon^ of
a Ton and heir.
Lady of Sir Sampfon
Gideon « Bart, of ft
daughter.
tl. Lady of the Hon. George
Hobart of a daughter.
The Lady of Sir John
Greihain» of a daogh-
ter.
^4. Coantefs of Oflbry, of
a daughter.
Ladv of Lord Fortefcue^
of a daughter.
Mar. 6. Lady of the Right Hon.
Lord Archibald Hamil*
ton, of a Ton.
Lady of Sir James Lake,
of a daughter.
aa. Right Hon. Lady Arun-
del, of a daughter.
Lady of Sir William

Wake» of a daughter^
Dutcheft of Grafton^ of

a fon.
Countefs Dowager of Dum-
firies, of a foa.
May 3. Princefs of Wurtembarghy
of a Prince.
Lady of the Right Hon.
Lord Milbourn, of ft
fon.

SI.

22.

Lady Moanttcnaitj of i
ion.

Coante(a of FiBgaI»of i
ion.

Lady of Sir Thooui
Chanpneya, Bart, of t
a (on.

Between dght and aiie
o'clock* the Qgca
wu l^appily ddiflenl
of a Pnnceisj at ktf
Majefty*t pidace» 8i.
James't-jpark. _
Jane 9. Ladj 01^ Sir WiOiaa
Maxwell, of a fim.
Lady of Sir William
Stapleton» of a Ion.
Her Grace 'the Datchcb
of Portland, of a (bo.
Lady of Sir Thoota
Egerton* Bart, of a
daughter.

Princefs Royal of Prafat
of a Prince.
Her R<wal Highneli the
Princeu of Branfiricfc*
of a Prince.
Her Grace, the DatM
of Manchefter* of a
daughter.
Counters of Dipghdip
of a ion.
Sept. I. Lady of Lord Crafcaf
of a fon.
II. Connteft df Thaaetp rf

a ion.
Coontefs dP Dalhoofie, el
a ion.
22. Coontefs of OmIc^ of t
fon.
Lady of Sir John TM*

veliottf of a foo.
Lady of the Hon. ai4
Rer. Mr. Byraa, di
a fon. ^

Lad^ of Sir .Robert Ifi*
wKk, of ft fiin.

Mr

July I.
19.

Aug. 3.
il.

CHRONICLK.

D79

L H. lady (tf Sir J>B«t Ibbst-

fiM, ofadiaehter.
. 5. LMtf of Sir Henry Hun-
lock. Ban, «f a daogh-
Mr.
10. Her Onwe the Doccheni
«f Bocckngh, of A
daoghter.
CoanicG of AncrtiDf of

• daggliter.

r. t. CoBQief* of Lauderdale,

of a dabgliicr.
9. 1^7 of the Right

Hod. Ix>rd Vifcount

Powtrfcoort; of a daugh-

Mr.
Ladf of Sir Fitzgerald

Aflncr, Ban. of a

1m.
Ladr of the Right

Hon. Loid BlanjF, of

• fon.

M. Dotcbefi of Parma, of a
fori.
Ladjr Vifraomefi Sudlcf,
of a daaghter.
-3 Laidr of Sir Peter Ri-
vera Oray. Bart, of a
foo.
j. Lady Germaine, of a

17. Contefi of Daainore,

of a foa.
n. Her Grace the Doichcft

of Matlborougb) of a

fim.
Her lU^al Highaefs the

Princeb of Oraiige, of

aPrincefa.
«; Ladj of Priitce Galliizin,

the Raffiaa Anbaffa-

dor at the Hague, of

afeo.
«^ Ladf of Sir Sanpfon

Gidcdnt Bart, of a

MARRIAGES.

1770.

Jan. 9. ilaac Spooner, Brqi to
the el deft daughter
of Sir Henry Gough,
Bart.
Hon. and Rer. Mr.
Henrjr Beaucleric, to
Mifi Drummond.
Feb. 15. Edwin LafcellM, Efq; to
Lady Flemming.
William Leilie Hamilton,
£iq; to L>dy Ifabella
Erikiae, fiflcr to the
^EarlofBachan.
Sf. Captain Fitzgerald, to
the lifter of the Right
Hon. ThoOiai Cdo-
notly.
Mar. $ Henry Lord Borthlricfc^
to Mifi Drommond.
7. Sir Charlea Stile, Bart, of
Watcringbory, Kent,
to the Hon. Mid
Wingfield, daughter
to Lord Powetfconr^
9. Thomas Hogg, jun. of
Ncwiifton, Efq; to
a daughter of Lord
LaaderdaU.
13. At Edinbargbi Sir WiU
liam Murray ofAuch-
tertire, Bart, to Lady
Augufia Mackcjiziei
daughter of Lord Cro-

tf. Hon. and Rev. John
Harley, Alderman of
Hereford, and brother
to the Earl of Oxford t
to Mils Vadghan of
South Wales, with a
fortune of 3000I. a
^ear.
zo. Sir Daved Dalrymple,
Bait, to Mifi Fergufon.
•■"1 a The

i8o] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

sa

«3

Mar. at. The Earl of Carlifle, to
ttie fecond daaghter
of Earl Gower.

26. The Right Hon. the
Earl ofjeri'ey, to Mifs
Fanny Twifden.
Sir Gilbert Heathcote,
Bart, to Mifs Hudfon.
April 2. David Gavin, Efq; of
Langtown in Seotlandy
to Lady Maitland»
eldeft daaghter of the
Earl of Lauderdale.

14. The Hon. Thomas Wil-

loughby, brother to

Lora Middleton* to

Mifs Chadwick.

The Hon. Thomas Er-

ikine, to Mifs Moore.
The Right Hon. the
Earl of Albemarle, to
Mifs Miller.
The Earl of Exeter, to
Mifs Anna Maria
Cheatham, of Sodor-
hall, YorkOure.
ik— - Churchill, Efq; to
Lady Louifa Greville,
yoMngefl daaghter to
the Earl of Warwick.
May 19. The Dauphin of France*
to the Arch-datchefs
Antoinetta, of Aoflria.

SI. Charles Deering, Efq;
to Mifs Farnaby, Af-
ter to Sir Charles Far-
naby.

23 Sir Archibald Grant,
Bart to Mrs. Millar,
Pallmall.

$^ Bennet Lan^on, Efq; of
Langton in Lincoln -
fliire, to tJic Countefs
of Rothes.
Jane i* Sir George Cooke, Bart,
to Mifs Middleton,
fitter to Sir William
MidUcm.

Jane 2. Col. ClemcBU, •
Webb, only d
to General Wei
7. Sir John Wn
Bart, to the Ho
Conrtenay, one
Maids of Honoc
9. Alderman TrecotI
Mifs Meredfth
to Sir William
dith.

20. The Hon. and
Dr. Shate Barr
Lord Bilhop ol
daff, to Ml£$
niece to the la
neral Goife.

26. Alexander Fordyo
Banker, to Lad

Saret Lindiay,
aughter 10 d
of Balcarras,

July u. Earl Fitswilliam,
dy Charlotte Po
daughter to d
of Belboroogh.

Aog. 7» Right Hon. Lon!
fington, to Mil
celTes.
30. Rev. Mr. Bowl
Mifs Hales, £
Sir Tho. Pym
Bart.

Sept. 17. At Calais, Mon
Prades de la ^
Captain in th
mcnt tf Pieda
garrifon at Ca
Mifs Harriot
cumbe, daush
Lady FenooUu
niece to Georg
Edgcumbe.
24. The Right Ho
Earl of Bockii
(hire, to Mift (
ly, daughter ol
Aooc Connolly.

C

C H R O N » C L E. [i8i

*• '- ^t^^:S;A^ -™>«l PROMOTIONS ^

L 13. At New-York, Sir Wil- Jan. 17. Right Hon, Charlej

liuD Draper, Knight Yorke, Elq; to be Keeper of the

of tbc Bath, to Miri Greu Seal, a Vtiyy Coaorellor.

Snbniia it Lancej, and likewife Lord tvgh Chancct-

daughter of the Right lor of Great Britain, and he ac-

Hoa. Oliver dc Lan- cordingly took bit place at the

cer. Board.

16. Sir Brownlow Cuil,Bart. — 18. Right Hon. Charles

u Mill Drury. Yorlce, Efq; Lord High Chancellor,

Ckarlei Nelfbn Cole, the dignity of a Baron of Great

Elq; of the Inner- Britain, with remainder u> hi»

Temple, to MiTi Ab- heire nale, by the name, Aile,

dy. after to Sir Antho- and title, of Lord Morden, fiarbn

ny Abdy, Bart, of oF Morden, in the County <^ Cam-

Albyi, Eflex. bridge.

Right Hon. the Earl vf — 19. Duke of Somerfet, 1
Eglingion, 10 a daugh- Privy Counfellor.
lerof LDrdGIeocaim. — >>■ Sir Sidney Stafford
|6. Lord Digby, to Mili Snyihe, Knight, one of the
Polly Knowler, of Ciii- Barons of hit Majefiy's coart of
leilMry. Exchequer, the Hon. Henry Ba-
Nov. J. Major General John tburft, Efq; one of the Juflices of
Scott, to Lady Mary hli Majelty't Coijrt of Common-
Hay, eldeft daughter pica*, and Sir Richard Afton,
to the Earl of Errol. Knijgfat, one of the Jufticei of hi*

At Dublin, John Harail- Majefty'i Coart of King'a-bench,

too, Efq; reprefenta- Lord* CommiOioneti for the caf>

live in parliament for tody of the Great Seal, in iht

the borough of Stra- roona of Lord Morden, deceafed,

l^anc, to the Hon. —Lord Minefield, by a Com-

Mtft Hamilton, daogh- mtffion under the Great Seal,

ter of Lord Viicount to fupply the place of Lord Chan-

B<7nc. cellor, or Lord Keeper, in th?

General M'Kay. to Mifi Houfc of Peen.

Car, with jo*oo 1. — zj. Right Hon. Sir Fletcher

Captain Bathurft. of the Norton, Speaker of the lloufe of

Royal Regiment of Coaitnrui.

HorTe Guard* blue, to _ aS. Lord Korth, Grft Lor4

Mill A(hby of Derby, Connnilfioner of the Treafury, in

with 10,000 1. the rcom of the Duke oi Grafton,

Thomas AcklanJ.Efq; to tefigncd.

Lady Mary, daugh:er — 29, Earl of BriHol, Grooia

to the Earl of Jlchcf- of the Stole, and firft Lord

ter. of Che Ged-Chimbcr. — Peter

[.A-] 5 Cbtlier

i8a] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770U

Chvfler, Efq; Captain - General
and Governor in chief of Weft-
Florida.

Feb. 2. Right Hon. Wclbore
Ellis, one of the Vice 'i'rcAfurers
of Ireland, in the rjoin of the
Right Hon. James Grenvillc, rc-

iigned.

— 6. Charles TownQiend, Efq;
one of the Lo' ds of the Treafury.

— 9. The Earl of Hallifax,
Lord Privy Seal, in the room of
the Earl of firiltol.

— 13. Hon Thomas Robinfon»
Efq; Vice - Chamberlain to the
Queen, in the room of Lord V»l-
Icrs, now Earl of Icrfey. — Right
Hon. Sir Edward Hawke, Knight
of the Bath, John Buller, Efq;
the Right Hon. Henry Vifcoant
Palmerfton, of the kingdom of
Ireland^ Charles Spencer, Efq;
commonly called Lord Charles
Spencer, the Right Hon. \Vilmot
vifcount Liiburne, of the kingdom
of Ireland, and Francis Holburne,
and Charles James Fox, Efqrs.
Lords Commidioners of the Ad*
miralty.

—7 19. Right Hon. Thomas
Robiiifun, Eiq; Vice Chamber-
lain to her Majcily, a Privy Coun-
fellor.^- James Sampfon, Conful-
general at Tetuan.— >George Pitt,
Eiq; AmbafTador extraordinary
and Pltfiiipotentiary to his Catho-
lic Majelty. — Alexander Munro,
£fq; Conful nt Madrid.

Mar. 9. Major Gorham, Lieu-
tenant Governor of Placeatia, in
the room ot Otho llamihon, Efq;
deceafed. — - William F.iulkcner,
E^; to be Fort -Adjutant of Fort-
Augt'-lns, in Scotland, in the
room of Richaid Trought, Gent,
deccafed.

Mar. 19. M ijor-General Cla-
veriogt Govcrfior of Landguard-

Fort, in the rodm of dw faw

Lieutenant-Genend Robert Ar«

iniger.— William Ste»art» E^i

Lieutenant Governor of thi

ifland of Tobago^--! frad Wilkn,

Efq; brother to John Wilkes,

Efq; ponfal at AleMO in Syria.

-* Colonel James Ciuininthaaf

Governor of the ifland of St

John's, Newfoundland. -* Edwai^

Thurlow, Efq; Solicitor- Genera]«

in the room of Mr. Dunoiag.

r-John Nicholfon, Eiq; Solicitor

to the Stamp office^ in the roo^

of Mr. Cruwyst deceaied. — Tho*

mas Davifon, Efq; to be Collec-

tor-general of hu Maje(ly*s cof-

toms for the iHand of Jamaica.

April 10. The Earl of Drog-
heda, Mader- General of the Ord-
nance in the kingdom of Ireland.

~ 16. Soaroe Jenyni« Edwaid
Elliott, John Roberts. WilBia
Fitzhcrbert, Robert Spencer, (com-
monly called Lord Robert Spencer}
George Greville, (commonly cdU
ed Lord Greville) and WiUian
Northey, Efqrs; Commiffioom
for Trade and Plantation^.

— 3^. His Royal Highads
Major General William Dnke oC
Gloucefter, Colonel of the firft it*
giment of foot guards, in the rooB
of Field Marfhal John Earl Ligo-
nier, deceafed.— Lieut. Gen. John
Earl of Loudon, Colonel of tbo
third regiment of foot guards,
in the room of the Dnke ot G!oo«
cefter.— Major General John Par*
flbw. Colonel of the 50th regi-
ment of foot, in the room of the
Karl of London.-»G BNjeaAis;
Sir John Mordaunt : the Hon.

iames Cholmondcley : Peregrine
.afcelles: Lord John Murray:
John Earl of London : William
Earl of Panmure : William Mar-
quis of LotUan; Willaaun Earl
« . . . . ^

3

CHRONICLE.

[i«3

wrfaglOB : Hugh Warbnr- place in tbe Court of ConunoD<

LituTBHAKT-CBHiKALi: Plcu, » the ruom of Sir Edward

m Skianer: the Hon. Ro- Clive. Kaight, refigned.— Jaftica

MoncktOD : John Meorj Gould, in the rooiD of Jullice Ba-

; Edward Sandford : The- tharlL— And Sir Jolcph Yatn.

Dory, John Parker
tmbton: the Hon. Charle*
I: John Parllow: William

from the court of Kii

-And i

r Judge ia the laid court.

'£id

bench.

. . _, _ :he court of Kine'i-

c : tbe Hon. Thonat Gage : bench, Juftice A(toa took pLce

VifcooBt ToAnOiend :
Frederick CaTcndifh: John

1 tbe room of Sir Jofepb Yates.
—Judge Willea, in the room of
e la War : Charlei Duke of Juftice Afton. — And WiUiam
■ond : Henry Earl of Pern- Blackftonc, Efq; Solicitor to her
Sir John Majefly; junior Judge of the faid
»urt, and a Knieht.
May 7. Lord Miltown, Sir
George Cray: Jamet William Ofhorne, Sir Archibald
hut Oughton: Jamei Duke Acbefon, Sir Arthur Brooke, Mr.
inller: hi> Royal Highneri lanes Fortefcue, Mr. Heory King.
m Duke of Gloucefler. Mr. Ralph Howard, Mr. Silver
)oa-G>KiaAL« : Mariico Oliver, and Mr, Edward Cary,
'' : William Ear! of Glen- Privy Connfelbri of the kingdom
of Ireland.

— 19. The Right Htm. Catha-
rine Counters of Egmont (fecond
wfe of John now Earl of Egmont
n Ireland, Buon Lovel and Hol-
land in Great Britain, and GOer
) Spencer Compion, now £ul of
Norcbampion) the difinity of a
''.aronnefi of the kingdom of Ire-
ind, by the litle of Lady Arden,
Baronefa Arden of Lohort Callle,
in the county of Coike, to hold
the faid dignity unto her the faid
'ifcooni Dnnganrton, Hugh Countefs of Egmont, ind ihc dig-
e Jones, Ela; Bdlingham nity of a baron of the faid king-
Ef<)i Right Hon. John Be- dom of inland to the heirj loale
. and Sir William Olborne, of her body l3A'fu)ly bcgoiien, by
» be Chief Commiffionerj the title of Lord AiJen, Baron
Revenue and E^^cife, and Arden of Lohurt C.illie, in the
CommiQioners, and Gover- faid coonty of Corke.— -The Right
all and every other part of Hon. William Henry Fortefcue,
jelty's revenue! in the l:ing- Efqi and the heirs niAle of hi*
*reland.— The Right Hon. b^-dy, the dignity of a Baron of
the laid kingJoni, bv the litle of
Clirniont ff C.ermont,
: county of Lonth.— Tho-

1 John Sev«

bt. Bart. Henry Whiiley :

Slavering; the Hon. George

William Deane : Job; Tho-
Robert Dalrymple : Home
Aone : William Evelyn :
Salter : Thoma* Eaile :
d Worge : Jamei Johnllon :
Philip Sherrard : the Hon.
e Lane Parker : Jatnes Gif-
Charles Earl of Drogheda:
Taiton : Franci* Grant :
d Bendilhe: the Hon. Alex-
Mackay : William AuguHui
|oha Scott-
John Bourke r.fq: Ar.

Efq:

ijefty's Chamber, s Privy
loi. — JuAifc Bathuill took

[■vj t

i84l ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

mas Dawfon, Efq; and the hein — 24; The Right Hon. HaM

male of his body, the dignity of StaQley» Eftj; Vice-Adminl of

m Baron of the (aid kingdom, by the Ifle of Wieht.

the tide of fiaron Dartrey of Aognft. Hugh Pallifer* Efq;

Dawfon's Grove, in the county ComptrollerdF the Navy .—Gcorp

of Monaghan.<* William Henry Mackensie» Efq; Conmaadcr la

Dawfon, Efq; and the heirs Chief of hia Majefty't flnpi asd

male of his body, the dignity veflels on the Jamaica 'ftacion, ia

of a Baron of the faid kingdom, the room of Commodore Forcl

by the title of Baron Dawfon of — ^William Frafier, Eiq; ondcr

Dawfon Court, in the Queen's Secretary to Lord Weymouth, Gt-

councy.-*Bemard Ward, Efq; and zette Writer, in the room of £d-

the heirs male of his body, the ward Wefton, Efq; deceafied.^

dignity of a Baron of the faid The Right Hon. L. C. J. Pater-

klngdom, by the tide of Baron fon, a Privy Counfellcr of Ireland,

Bangor of C aft le Ward, ii> the — John M'Kenzie, Efq; of Devioc,

county of Downe.— And Sir Pent- Deputy Keeper of his Majelly't

fione Lamb, Bart, and the heirs Signet in Scotland, in the ram

male of his body, the dignity of of the late Alexander M'MiUui

a Baron of the faid kingdom, by Efq; deceafed.

the title of Lord Melbourne, Ba- Od. 5. William Fawcet, Elq;

ron of Kilmore, in the county of Lieutenant-Governor of Peodea-

Cava A. — Colonel John Burgoyne, nis CalUe, in ^he roosi of

comptroller of ChcHer, in the Richard Bowles, Efq; deceafed.

room ' of* Edward Herbert, Efq; —Hon. John Forbes, and Fraacis

deceafed.-^Wiliiam Bromliill, Efq; Holbourn, Efq; Adinirala of tk

Patent Cullomer of the Ports of White. 1

S)Outhampton ' and ' Portfmouth. Od>. 18. Sir Thomaa Fruk-

— William Senhoufe, Efq; Sur- land, Bart, his Grace the Duke of

veyor-general of the cuftoms in Bolton, Sir Charles Hardy, Knc.

Barbadoes, and all the Leward Right Hon. George Earl of Nor-

Idaitds, in the room of the Hoh. the(k. Right Hon. Sir Charles

1'hnmas Gibbs, Efq; deceafed. Saundcr*, Knight of the BitE,

•—Dr. Spencer Madan, a prebend y^dmirals of the Blue— Fhomu

in the cathedral of Peterborough. " Pye, Efq; S:r Samuel Comifl)i

June 20. William AOiuril, l^q; Bart. Francis Geary, Efq; Vice-

a Kf.i^r.S:, and one of the judges Admirals of the Red. — Sir George

of the court of King's-bench. Ilridges Rodney, Bart. Sir William

July 14. Sir William Young, Hurnaby, Baronet; James Young.

B.ti<. Governor vf ihc ifluui of IJq; Vice- Admirals of the White.

l^.jnr.'nica. — General James CIiol- *— bir Vicrvy Brett, Knight, Sir

niondricy, Cjjvciiior of the g:ir- John Moore, Knight of the Bath,

t\(m cf Llivilcr, in the r^om ot Sir James DpugUs, Knt. Sir J-*hn

titc E. of L'iiolmoi.Jcley, licceai- Benilcy, Knt. Vice- Admirals of the

Cil — M.ijor pavi«l iloiiij, Ijeucc- Blue. — (lighc f-^on. George Lord

iLiiit Guvcrniir of the i:iiii gar- Edgcumbe, Samuel Gravei» Elq;

liloii, in the ;ou'n of General William Parry, Efq^-Hon. i^u-

CoolmondeUy. gullus Keppil, Rear-Aumirals of

th«

CHRONICLE. [i«5

he red.«— Jdm Amherft, Efq; his the Ifland of Giernfeyf the caftl^

toyal Higbnefs Heniy Ffeaerick of Cornet, and all other iflandt,

)uke of Cumberland y Sir Peter forts and appurtenances thereunto

>enis« Bart. Matthew fiuckle» Efq; belonging. -^Thomas Hutchinibn,

lear-Admirali of the White. — Efq; Captain General and Cover*

lobert li^an» Efq; Richard Spry» nor in cnief of hia Majefty's pro*

ifq; Robert Uarland Efq; Right vince of the Maflacbufet'a Bay, ia

Son. Richard Lord Vifc. Howe, New -England.— Andrew Oliver^

Lear- AdmiraJi of the Blue. Efq; Lieutenant-Governor ; and

OGL 24. Sir George Bridget Thomas Flucker, Efq; Secretary

[todney and Sir William Bumaby, of his Maj.efty'a faid province iC

brts. to be Vice- Admirals of the the Maflachufet's Bay.— William

Ited:— Sir Piercy Brett, Knt. Sir Stewart, E{q; Lieutenant-Gover-

Elm Moore, Bart, and Knt. of the nor of his Maj^fty'a ifland of Do-
th, Sir James Douglas and Sir minica. — William Youn|r, Efq;
John Bently, Knts, to be Vice-Ad- Lieutenant-Governor of hu Ma-
mirals of the White.— The Right jetty's ifland of Tobago.
Hon.' George Lord Edgcumbe, -* 27. The Hon. and Rev.
Samuer Graves, William Parry, Brownlow North, D. L. and one
Bfqri. the Hon. Auguftus Keppel, of his Majefty's Chaplains in or-
|ohn Amh^rft, Efq; and his Royal dinary, the place of Dean of tbr
Higbnefs Henry Frederick Duke metropolitical church of Canter*
)f Cumberland, to be Vice- Ad- bury, void by the death of Dr.
DBirals of th^ Blue.— Sir Peter De- John Potter.— Rev. Benjamin Ken*
Bb, 9art> Matthew Backle and nicott, D. D. the place of a Canon
Robert Man, Efqrs. to be Rear- of the cathedral church of Chrift
Admirals of the Red.— Richard in the nniverfity of Oxford.— Hon.
Spry, Efq; to be Rear-Admiral pf and R^v. James Comwallis, clerk*
the White. — And the following M. A. the place of a prebendary
gentlemen were appoihted flag ofR- of the collegiate church of St. Peter
pers, viz.— Robert Hughes, Efq; Weftminfler, void by the reflgna*
to be Rear*Admiral ot the Red. tion of Dr. I^nicott.— Rev. Dr.
«^lark Gayton, John Barker arid Lumner, Vice-chancellor of the
Lucius O'Brien, Efqrs. to be Rear- unive^fity of Cambridge.
Admirals of the white. — JoHn D?t. 8. Earl of Dunmore, Go-
Montagu, Thomas Craven, a^d vernor of New York, to be Lieu-
James Sayer, Efqrs. to be Rear- tenant and Qovemor General of
Admirals of the Blue. — And to Virginia,' in the room of Lord
rank as fuch with officers of the Bottetoart,deceafed.— Wm.Tryon.
lame flag, according to their feni- Efq; Governor of North Carolina*
)rity as Captains.— General Con- to be Governor of New York, in
vay. Colonel of the Rdyal Regi- the room* of 0e Earl of Dunmorc.
nent of Horfe Guards Blue, in -^And Henry Martin. Efq; Gover-
be room of the Marquis of Grap- nor of North' Carol! na.-^Rt. Hon.
>y, deeafed. Earl Cornwall is^ tO be Conflable
— 25. Sir Jeffery Amherft, Knt. of the Tower of London, in tie
ftf tbc Bath, Lieutenant General of room of John Lord Berkeley of
lis Majefly'a forces, Govcfnor'of S'uatton, refigned.

Dec. 19.

1881 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

in all the wart of Qaeen Anne un*
dci the Duke of Marlborough, and
in every fuceeding war« wich a
bravery and condua that defervedly
Tatfed him to the chief pofts in hit
frofeffioB.

May I. Rt. Hon. Lcfd George
lamet Montague, youn^eft Too to
mb Grace the Duke of Manchefter.

9. Prince Charles, the reigning
Landgrave of Heffe PhillipAha).
Id the 8Sch year of his at^e.

SirV/illiam St Qi»intin ofHarp-
^01, Yorkfliire, Bart. His title and
cftate devolves to his Con William.

15. Lady of Sir William Junes,
Bart, at IpiWich.

18. Claud. Wm. Teftu, Mar-
^uis de Baitncourt, Aril MarOial
•f France, Knighc of the King's
orders. Governor of the town and
citadel of Stralbourg, &c. in the
91ft year of his age.

21. Rc. Hon. Alexander, Lord
Colville.

Lately, Thomas Shewell, Efq;
who his left the following cha-
nties by will: To the charity -
Ichool for girls at Hadley in Mid-
dlefex, 2ol. — ^To the charity fchoci
lor girls of the pariQi of St. Luke,
01d-llreet» 20].— -To the incorpo*
faced iociety in Dublin, for promo-
ting RngliQi protellant fchools in
Ireland 50CI.— To the Small Pox
Hofpital in Coldbath- fie !ds, 500 1.
-*To St. Bartholomew's Hofpital,
15001.— To the Hofpital for Luna-
ticks, commonly called St. Luke't
Hofjnial, 1000 L— To Chrift's Hof-
pital, 1000 1.

22. Lord jamet Murray, the
Poke of Athdl's fecond fun.

25. At Geannies, in Rofsfliire
by a fall from his horfe. Sir Alex.
Mackenzie, of Gerlock, Hart.

Lady EniliA Chicheller, young.
eft daogktcr of the lUrl of Don*
MgaL

Mift Tarooar, fifier to IM
Wincerton. ,

Lady Lambert, reliftof Sir Di-
niel Lambert.

27. The Qpeen Sophia Magdi-
lena, dowager of Chrifban VI. iW
grandmother to the prefent king of
Denmark, at the palace of Ch-i^
tian(bo4irg, in the yoch year ol tcr

age

June 2. Hon. and Rev. Mr.

H(>«ie, brother to Lord Ck^

worth .

7. Sir Jofeph Yatei, Knt. oit
of the honelleit Judges that tier
filled the bench.

Mrs. Gunning, houfekeeper of
Some/ let -houfe, and mother to tW
prefent Dutchtrfs of HamihoD. |

10. Right Hon. Gei)rge Earl of 1
Cholmondeley, Vifcount Malptii |
He is fucceeJed by his graadlbti 1
juil come of age.

18. bir James Cotter, Barooet; j
in Ireland.

21. Right Hon. Willian Beck*
ford, £fq; Lord Mayor of Loi*
don.

Francis Erneft, Connc Salsa
RufTercheid, Bifhop <^ Toomft
aged 75.

Hon. Arthur Trevor, Elq; onlf
fbn of Lord Vifcount Danganaoat
member for Hiilfborough.

Hon. Mifs Dormer, niece totht
Earl of Shrewihury.

July 3. Lady of the Right Hoa.
Lord William Beauclerk, broikH
to the Duke of St. Alban't.

Sir Thomas Hankey, Kiught»
the great Banker.

5. Sir David CanningluB^ of
Corfehill, Scotland.

Lady Fefliall, mother of Sir JohA
Pciball.

14. Keli£t of Sir John Way;»
Baronet.

18. In Ireland, the Lady of

Robert

CHRONICLE. [189

itewtrt, Efqt ud dughtcr . Lady Hobdoux, at WooKmu

ul of Henford. Bedfordftirs.

he Hon. Mr. Liddel], bro^ Hon. Mn. Elizabeth Hmn*

.ord Ravenrworih. Campbell.

(t. Hon. Lord Chirlu At Millbanlc, WeflminAer, tW

Caveadilb Bendacki loa Hon. Mri. CroG, feli£t of die Ins

ake of Poriland. Sir John Croft, Bart,

famoas old mao of the 14. In Ireland, t)M Rt, Hun.

Cbriflian Jacob Drakcn- Lady VifcoDnieri TownDiead ) &■

tely died at Aarhuua, in wai the only furviviag child at

b year of hii age. He wai Jane*, the fifth Earl of NorthaaipH

Straranger in Norway, in ton,ai>dBaronersFerren, ofChait-

1624 and lived fingk till ley, in right of her modKr. Stm

if 113 year*, when he mar- married Vilcoant TownJhend, tbs

vidow of 60 yeari ofa^. prefentLordLienteDantof liclud,

the latter part of bis life uiDecember, i75i,andbykiiLard.

reaucntly rifited by perlba* ihip hai bad fevea children, five ct

ighift rank, who wtn cu- whom are living, viz. four ibtu aad

fee and convetfe with him. a daoghter.

■id there ii a print of thii a6. Lady of Sir Edward Halei.

in Eoglaod cvrioully en- Bart, of Siflerton, Canterbury.

]o. Rt. Hon. Sir Thonaa Ro.

6. Duke Clement of Ba- binfon, Lord Graathatn, Knt. «f

rft cDofin and prefamptive the Bath, one 0/ the Privy Council,

the Elefior. He ha* left and F. R. S.

by hi* Dutcbert, filler 10 0£L t. Sir Richard Lyttlena,

)or Palatine. Hi) income Knt. of the Bath ; at Chelfea.

I confiderable. 4. Rt. Hon. Lady Eupheniia

.1. Hon. Lady Bulkeley, Stnart. filler to the Earl of Uo-

W the prefent Lord Bulke- ray, Edinburgh.

1 lady to Col Sir Hugh Moll Noble, Geor^, Marqiris

a, Bart, member for Beaa. of Tweedale, bart of GiKtrd, Vif-

itBarnhill, North Walei. coont Walden and Peeblei, and

lioma* Wallace, Bart, of Baron Yeller, in the ijtb year of

0 Scotland. his age.

aiice, the Rt. Hod. John 10. Rt. Hon. Lady Jane Nim.

urn. mon. filler to the Earl of March,

.obert Clarke, Baronet, of mont.

ham, in Norfolk. 14. Lady Hankey, reliA of Kr

LordBaroafiellew.ofDu- Jofeph Hankey, Bart, at Bath.

:land. Hon. Mn. Rcoke, aged 70, k-

1 a. Lady Drnmmond, filler li£t of Geo. Rooke, Efq; fonoflh*
I late Duke of Perth. famous Admiral, and filler to Lord
tion. William Annelley, Vifcount Dudley.

ieravley, and BarOB An- Oft. 11. At Belvoir Cattle, to

f CaQle-William, in the the irreparable hit of his country,

f Do«ni, Irctaod. and the inexprcfiiblc grief of all

init

49ol Annual register, 1770.

tree Englifhmefi, the mod noble
the Marquis of Granby» eldeft ion
to his Grace the Duke of Rutland,
by Bridget (only dauehcer and
heirefs to Robert Sutton» Lord Lex«
ington) who was married to the
Duke of Rutland »Auguft 27, 1717*
The Marquis was born January 2,
1720-21 » and was eleded for Gran-
tham in three Parliaments ; and in
thofe of 17541 1761, and 1768* for
Cambridgcihire, and is the 24th
in paternal defcent finoo Sir Robert
de Manners, the patriarch of hit
Family.

In the Rebellion in 1745* hit
Lordfliip raifed a regiment of foot
for his Majefty's fervice ; and
March 4, 1755* was promoted to
the rank oi Major- General of his
Majefty's forces.

in May 1758* his Lordftiip was
sppinced Colonel of the Royal
Regiment of Horfe Guards, and
promoted to the rank of Lieutenant
Genera] on February 5, 1759* The
25th of Auguft following, he was
conflicuted Commander in chief of
all his Majefty's forces, then ferving
in Germany in his Majeily's army
under Prince Ferdinand of Brunf-
wick. In which command he not
only fliared the fatigues ai.d danger
ol the troops nnder his command,
but when the Britilh forces were
bnt in very indifferent quarters
(not owing to any defeat in his
conduA) he procured prcvifions
and ncceflaries for the private fol-
diets at his own expence, his table
being at the fame time open to the
officers.

On September 15, 1759^ he was
appointed Lieutenant General of
the Ordnance ; and Prince Ferdi-
nand being defied a Knight of the
Garter, his Lordfliip was nomina-
ted firft plenipotentiary for invcll-
6

ing bis Serene Highneft with Hk
enngns of the order, which he pc^
ibroied in Odober followiiig, will
all the fiiagniiicence that a caat
would admit of, and cntertaiacd
the new knight and hit retinae anil
a fumpcnout dinner.

Hit L<>rdfliip wai% declared a
Privy-Coonfellor on May 2, 17601
and refigning the oiice of Lic8»
naht General ef the Oidnanob
was, on May 14, 1763, OMiiiliMl
Matter- General of that depst*
nent.

Oh Pebraary ai» 1764, hewii
declared Lord Lieutenant and cvlfll
rotulorum of Derbyfliire.

His Lordfliip married September

3, 1750, the Lady Frances St!f
mour, eldeft danghter of Charki
Duke of Somerfet by Ui iccaol
wife, the Lady Charbtte Fitck|
and by her, who died January %i»
1760, he had John, Lord Rohi
born Auguft 27, 17c i, and ditl
June 3, 1760 ; Chailes, now Mv
quis of Granby, born March IJi
1754 ; Lady Frances, bom Mara
^4' <753» ^^X Catherine, bort
March 28, I755t and died Janairy

4, 1757; Lord Robert, bom Pe*
bruary6, 1758, and Lady CaiO*
line, who died an infant.

19. Lady Turner, mrther of the
prefent Sir Edward Turner, Bart

Rt. Hon. Lady Herbcn* aant
to the Bail of Portfmcutb.

Rt. Hon. Lady Anftrotherf at
Baleafkic Houfe, Fifeftiire.

Sir David Murray, Bart, at Leg-
horn.

23. Hon. Arthur Barry, 10 Dab-
lin.

The Hon. Mrs. Mary Colvil,
fifter to the Iste Lord Colvil.

28. Rt. Hon. David Lord OU-
phant.

JO. Sir Samuel Comifti, Bart, a

brave

CHRONICLE.

[191

Imvc and experienced Admiral ;
venarkable for his fervices, as well
in the Uce, as in former wars.

At Poole« Sir Peter Thompfon,
Knight.

Nov. 6. The Rev. Sir Afliurft
Allen, Bart.

Marquis de Fenente^ ihinifEer
fknipotentitry from . the King of
Spain to the Sutes of Holland.

Baron Monckhanfen* prime mi-
nier to the eledtorate of Hanover.

9. In the 77th year of his age, his

Grace John Duke of Argyll » great

BaAer of the houfehold in bcot-

Lndt one of the fixteen peers of

Scotland, general of his Majefty't

faces, colonel of the royal regi.

aenc of grey dragoons, governor

•f Limerick, knighc of the thilUe,

and one of his M«ijefty's mofl ho-

aoorable privy conncil. in 1761

he fncc'eded hia confin Archibald,

third Duke of Argyll, in titles and

eftate. By his Lady, a fifter of the

late Sir Henry Belanden, he has

left three ions and one daughter,

viz. John (now Duke of Argyll,)

narried to the Dutchefs of Hamil-

too ; Lord Frederick, married to

the Coontefs Dowager of Ferrers ;

Lord William, Gov. of Nova-Sco-

lia, married to Mifs IlTards, of

Charies Town, S. Carolina; and

die Right Hon. the Countefs of

Aylefbary, Lady of Gen. Conway,

and mother to her Grace the

Dntchefi of Richmond.

Right Rev. Dr. James Leflie,
Kfliop of Limerickf Ardfcrt and
Aghadoe. He was promoted to
ihofe Sees in 1755* on the death
of Dr. BarfcoQgh.

His Excellency Lord Bottetourt,
Lsenc. and Gov. General of Vir-
ginia, greatly lamented by the
whole ulony.
iUcxander Thompbni Efq; of

New York ; by whofc indefatigable
pains the non -import at ion agree-
ment was abolifbed, and commerce
wiih the mother-country revived.

Re. Hon. CooDtefi of Harbo«
rough, at Bath.

13. The Rt. Hon. Geo. Gren-
ville, member for Bockingbam^
and one of his Ma jelly's molt ho-
nourable Privy CounciL He waa
born in 1712, and in 1749 he
married the daughter of Sir WiU
liam Wyndham, fiart. and (ifter tO
the late Earl of Egremont, by
whom he had two fons, and three
daughters. Wlien his body was
opened, the blood vefTels in the
head were nearly empty; the rib
bones on one fide rotten, and two
on the other lide the fame.

At Paris, the celebrated Henry «
Francis Ledran, Surgena General
of the French King's armies.

23. Ihe Re. Rev. Dr. Mathiaa
Mawlbn, Lord Biihop of Ely. His
lordfiiip was the oldell confecrated
bifhop in England and Ireland, be-
ing a biihop in the year 1738, on
the death of Dr. Harris, bifhop of
LlandaJF, from which fee he was in
1740 trandared to that of Chichef-
ter on the death Dr. Hare, and
in 17^4 promoted to Ely on the
death of DiHiop Gooch. His lord-
(hip has lei't to Corpus Chiifti Col-
lege, of which he was formerly
matier, 6000 1. for founding fchoiar-
ihips and exhibitions ; and 3000 1.
for rebuilding the College.

Hon. Matter Byng, only (on of
Rt. Hon. Lord Vilcount Torring.
ton.

PHs. Wilhelmina-Maria, Land-
gravine of Hede-Hombourg, aged

Dec. 4. At his houfe in Pall-
mall, the Rt. Hon. John Percival,
Eaxl of Egmont, in Ireland, May 7,

1762,

i9al ANNUAL REGISTERi \^^t.

1762, kit Lordfliip was called
to the Hbafe of Peers by the tide
of Lofd Lo?el and Holland of £n-
fliore, Somerfetlhirt. He is fuc-
ceeded in title and eftate by hit
cldeft ion the Rt. Hob. John-James
Vifc, Perdval, Col. of a company
in the foot guards.

12, At her hoafe in Hill-ftreet*
Mrs. Lerercy^ grandmother to Lord
Tiicoant lAolyneux.

16. Sir Tho. Frederick* Bart.
iThe title defcendt to John Frede-
tick of Borwood, Snrry^ and hit
tfiate to his two daaghters.

ay. Rt. Hon. Lady Mary Whit-
bread, Bedwell Park.

■The Rt Hon. Matthew Ducie
Moreton* Loid Docie of Moreton,
in StafibrdlhifCy and Lord Docie
of Tortwortb^ ill Globtcfierihir^

who fooceedjtd hit father^ May s,
I7jc» and wat creatied Lord Doos
of Tortworth, with jemaiadcr ti
failure of ififae to Thomat Rqr-
nolds; Efq; hit nephew^ and Ui
heirt; and in t^ie fiulore of Ui
iflbe. to Kis brother Frucit Rcj*
Aoldt, Eiq; April 23, 1763. Sr
Robert Dnde^ oiie of hit Lori*
ihip*t anceftort. wmt Lord Mayo^
of London in the reign of Qiariki
the Erft, and though he lent ki;
Majefty 8o»cool. wfaichwatMtf
the King's being driven fron Loi«
don, he died, however, worik
400,0001. Hit Lordfliip u fiM-
ceeded in his title and cftacct by kif
filler's fon. Major Reynolds, ddcl
fon of Francis Reynoldt, Bfi|; Ikl
prelent member for LaMaltf ;

A»P£M«

£ >M ]

APPENDIX to the CHRONICLE.

Two PROTESTS of the House of Loiids.

VetieriSf ido Die Fehrttarii, 1770.

THE Order of tlie J}%j WM with the priaciplei of the confiitQ-
lead for taking intoconfider- lion, and irreconctleable 10 the lanr
■m the State of the Nition, and of the land, hat I'pread To aaiverU
far the Loid* to bo fummoned. It an alarm, and produced To general
■M novcd that the Houfc (hoold a dircoaccnt ihraoghoat the king-
he pat iaioaCooimittee thereupon, dom.

Aoranlingly, 2. Becaofe, although we do not

The Hoofe wai adjonmed daring denj, that the determioation on the

fleirare. and put into % Commit- right toafeatin the Houfe of Cmn-

lR> After fome tine inoni is competent to thejurtfdic-

The Hoofe was refumed. tion of that Houfi: alone ; )et whea

Then it was moved to refolve, to thii it \t adJed, that whatever

Tut the Houfe of Commoiu in they, id the exercife ot thatjorif-

tkt cxercife of it') jadicaiure in ditlion, think fit 10 declare to be

ttiueri of ele£tion, i* bonnd to law, ii therefore to be Co ctwGdered^

jadge according to the law of the becanfe there lies no appeal, we

lind, and the known and ellablilhcd conceive ourfelvea called upon to

liv and cuftom of Parliamcat, give that proportion the ftrongcfi

which ii pan thereof. negative ; tor, if admttied, the law

Which being objeflcd to — and a of the land, by which all courts of

^Sion flated thereupon, after long judicature, without exception, are

debate, equally bound to proceed, is at

The previous quelHon was put. once overturned and rcfolved into

Vhetiier the Cud quellion fhiU be the wilt and pleafore of a majority

aow put, of one Houfc of Parliament, who.

It WW rcfolved in the affirmative, in alTuming it, aflune a power to

CoDicnis 96, not Contents 47. over-rute at plcafure the funda-

Diffnaitat' , menial right oleLeUion, which the

1. Becaufe the rcfolution was in ancieni conllitution has placed in

Mr jadgment highly nccelTary to other hands— thofc of their confli.

ay the tbundaiion of a proceeding tuents. And it ever this pretended

a thi> Houfe, which might tend to power [hould come to be exercifed

|aict tne minds of the people, by to the full extent ol the principle,

bing them jullice at a time, when that Houfe will be no longer the

ihe decifion of the other houle, rcprefentative of the people, but a

itriuch appears to ua ioconfiftent leparatc body, altogathrr indcpen*

Vol. XIII. [OJ dent

t94l ANNUAL REGISTER, tj-joi

<Ieiit of thenit felf-exifting, and a dty mty oome, wken frcdoB 4
felf-ele£ted. fpetch may be criminal in dtt

3. Becaufe* when we are told^ Hoafe^ and every aenher, «li
that expulfion implies incapacicyy (hall have virtae enongk tm M^
and the proof infifted apon is, chat ftand the afnrpations oithe tianb
the people have acquieiccd in this and aiTert the rightt of the pcP*
principle, by not re-eledHng pe/- pie* will» for that ofencet be O*
ions who have been expelled, we pelled by a faAioot and corral
equally deny the pofitton as falfef majortty^ and, by that expolta
and reject the proof oflfered, as in rendered incapable of ferving tkl|
no way fupporting the pofition to public ; in which eafe the elefion
which it is appli^. We are fure will find ihemfelves redaced to Al
the doArioe is not to be foand in asiftrable alternative of givi^ ff
any Hatute or law book, nor in the altogether their right of ekttioa,*
journals of the Uoufe of Con- of chafing o'nly fucb at arc cacHi
nons ; neither is it confonant with of their coontry, and will be ftSm
any juft or known anak)gy of law. at leaft, if not a^ve^ ia fmartSI
And as not re-eleding woirid ac the coii^icetion.
mod but infer a foppwtioiv of the j;. Becaafe, akboogh if hu tai
eledors approbation of the groands objeded in dM debttTf that k ii
of the cxpolfion, and by no means unnfual and irregolar in mAi
their acquiefcence in the conclu- Hoafe of Parliament to cxaak
fion of an implied incapacity, fo into the judicial procoedia|t eftkf |
were there not one inftance of a re- other, whofe decifiooa« as tniy im- 1
eleflioQ after expulfion but Mr. not be drawn into quettoa \f If*
Woolafton's, That alone demon- peal, are/ it is find, to be fobmkiil '
Urates, that neither did the confti-> to witboat examinadoa of the p»
toenu admit, nor did the Hou(e of ciples of them eUewhcre ; we cm*
Commons maintain incapacity to ceive the aignment goes diicAlT*
be the cenfequence of expulfion. revive and efiabliffli the ca^hM
Even the cafe of Mr. Walpole doArine of paifive obedienee ml
ihews, by the firft re-ele£lion, the non-refiftance, which^ aa apeU
feofe of the people, that expalfion 1^ the adls of any branck at ihe
did not infer incapacity; and that fupreme power, we bold m hi
precedent too, which it the only equally dangeroas; and tkovh il
one of a declaration of incapacity, is generally true, that neither HMi
produced u it was under the infiu- ought lightly and wantonly ID iamr*
ence of party violence in the latter pc& even an opinion upon matiai
days of Queen Anne, in ib far u it which the conftitation baa caOrtlH
relates to the introdoAion of a can- to the jurifdiAion of the other* «
didate having a mineritv of voces, conceive it to be no left trae. chi
decides exprefsly againlt the pro- where, under colour of a jodkk
ceediags of the Home of Commona proceeding, either Honie anogiiii
in the late Middlefex eleAioo. to itfelf we powen of the whel

4. Becaufe, as the confticution legiflature« and wmlif ilw km
has been once already deftioyed by wbich it profeflei to i^Srsfanr* ih
the aflumption and exercifis of the other not only mav« but ooghi 1
very powerj which ie now daimc d, aflan ita own righti, and wfe <

S rt

s

A^PfeJTbiX to the CHRONICLE. [t^

9^; that thii Hoofe ku the conftitotioiulriebtof tbe Com*
> is ttmn inftaacei, par- mons, tendi to mKc & breach be-
7 ia the ftmoai cafe of tweeo the two Hoafti of Parlia-
aad Wbite, in which ibe firft ment. tod leadi to a ^oeral con>
OS of the Lord* declares, fufioa.
odther Honfe of Parltiment
' power, by any vote or de- Dijiutint*.
m, to create to thcmfelvei i. fiecanre, we apprehend tbltt
w prtrilcge that ■> not war- the right) and poweri of the Peer-
by the known Uwi and tuf- agr are nqt given for oar own par-
' Parliament." We ought to ticolar adrantage, bui merely as ^
« at thti time the rarher, m conftiiDtional trdft, to be held and
Ettce on fo important and caercifed for the benefit of the pcQ-
~ in occafion might be in- plct and for the ^refervatlon of their
into an approbation of laws and libertiea ; and we fboaM
sfore, and be the means of hold ourf<:lve9 betrayers of that
that confidence wicti the trait, nnworchy of our high rank ia
. which it fo eflential to the the Icingdom, and of oQr feats in
irdfiare, tbit this Hoi^e. the this Honfe, lI'wecoRfidcned any on«
Bfygvardiansoftheir rights, legal right of the fnbjeS, lAach
at all time* eodeavaar to Icfs the firft and moB important of
in. all their rights, as a matter indif-
^ccanfe; apon the whole, we ferent and foreign to the Pter* of
the power which the Hoofe this kingdom.
immf have affumed to them- d. Becaafp, by thii relbliition,
of treating an incapaciiy, it is declatcd to the world, that if
va to the law, and thereby the Houfe of COnimolis Ihouli)
ing in effefl all the electors change the whole law of eleClion,
»t-Sritain of their invalu- Ihould tranifer thi right* of the
Ifhta of free eleftion. Con- freeholders to copyholder* and
■B them by fo many folemo leafeholderg for years, or totally ex-
i; « /Ugrau mfiirfaljni, as tiDgoifh ihofe rights by an arbitrary
Kpagnant to every effeniial declaration ; (hoofd alter (he con-
le of the cooftitutlon, ai the Ititution of cities and boraoght.
flhip-moneybyKingCharles with regard to their eleSions ;
■atoftfaefnlpendingand dlf- llioald rererfe not only all the
i; power by King Jan ■- ' ' ■' ''■-■»

James II. franchife* of foffrage, which the

_ ir Apinion; people hold aoder the commoa

■ding and difpenfing power, Uw, bnt alfo trample aron the

" — 'V tttrcijti hy fanAions iff fo many afls of Parlia-

■fdi^ tb€ m»' ment, made for declaring and fe-

wfff ^uMti mmJ tttrcijti iy fanAions df fo many aft* of Parlia-
0»/€*miimu,miBfiibt rnn- ment, made for declaring and fe-
ndftwdmrnmiid hhtrtm af thi curing the right* of eleaion, that
•- even in fuch a critical emergency

a it wU moved td refolve, of the conftitution, the people ar«
lay relblutloh of the Houfe, to despair of any relief whaifoever
r or indircAIy impeaching from any mode of. director indi-
neoiof the Hoofe of Com- rcA, inicrference of ihiiHouTe.
in a natter where their jurif- j. Becaofe, bv this refolmion,
I ia competent, final, and the Houfe not only refufes to ftand
fiTC, woeld be a violation of by the people, in cafe they Ihould
[O] a fuAr

196] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770,

fuflPer the moft grievoui injuries
from their repre{entatives» but it
abdicates its ancient and anquef-
tioned province and duty of the
hereditary Council to the Crown»
tendering itfelf unable to give its
advice in a point, in which of all
others the King may (land in the
greateft need of the^wifdom and
authority of the Peers ; a point,
fuch as the prefent^ in which num-
bers of the confiituents have, in a
manner agreeable to law, carried
up their complaints to the Throne
againftiheir reprefentatives.

4. Bccaufe, by the faid refolu-
tion, we do a mod material injury
to the Houfe of Commons itfelf.
The refolution, by the itudied lati-
tude of the words, dinSly or indi-
rtSly to cenfure^ puts it out of the
power of the Lords to offer, either
in the prefent, or in any future un-
fortunate difference between them
and their conllituents, even in the

6. Becanfe» by thtt reUotio^
the conftitutional conirool hisiM'
given up. which this Hode»iiiy!^
pears by antie^t and reccac p
cedents, have oonfianclv diiwi
and'exercifed ; and for tne p*y4
of which the legiflatoit haibM
divided into feparate biaick%j
We are far from denyiog M ij
reciprocity of contnml in die
Houfe, even in matters witlnii
feparate and final jnrifdiffiHJ
neither arrogating to ouriehOif
acknowledging m otherii r
power diRindk from, or aboNi
law of the land, fiut ma tfMfi
hold^ 'without the mtmojt pom
indignation, this Houfi md^\
*votuntary /urrendgr of iti
undoubted t legal, ntcejjiarj, W^
cred rights ; not only omit
refudng to examine pi
not previoufly defiring a
with the other Houfe, to
whether they were inclined H
mit in this Hcufe a corn
immunity from interpofitki

way of friendly conference, our ami-
cable and healing mediation ; the

want of which may be a means of their part, in matters withii
letting fuch difference run to ex- particular jurifdiAioo of tlw ~
tremities, fatal to the Houfe of Thefe proceedings are as
Commons itfelf, to the conltituiion, tory from the dignity of the
and to the nation.

;. Becaufc, we confider ourfclves

al(o, as an Houfe of Parliament, to
be moft materially interefted, that
the people (hould be legally and
conftitutionally reprefcntcd ; for as
the Houfe of Commons makes an
eflential part of Parliament, if that
Houfe (hould come to be chofen
in a manner not agreeable to the
laws and conflitution of the king-
dom, the authority of Parliament matically carried on for h
itfelf muft fuffer extremely, if not the conjlitutional piweri ff .
totally/ periih ; the Peers can no kingdom, rendering the ^^A
more, in their legiilative capacity. Commons odious^ and thi BifA
do any valid aft, ivitbout a Ugal Peers contemptible* k

Houfe of Commons, than without a 7. fiecauie, tfaie itspropri^*

Jegal Prince upon the Throne. this refolution was tok^l M

• grtfH

as they are contrary to iudaiyi
its intcreft. They cannot »/
lowering this Houfe in the
of mankind, who will not
that the Peers can have any
tion to the welfare of the
^when they banie fl^emun fiUitk^
to their o^wn honour. This
mud tend to forward lAif,
which, with jgreat uneafitcft
have feen, for a long tinei/

.PPENDIX to the CHRONICLE. [197

by tbe fadden and for- tutigK btu armtJ hi far tbt gt»d *f lt»
meibod by whicb it w«i iiiba/i,ia arJtr it ebtain full rilief
aXO, and carried ihrongh far ibt iKJurid lUHtrt »f GrtM-
e. That a rcTolotion new Britaia, a^d full ftinritj, far ibt
, wide ia extent, weighty fuiiat, ageinp this mtji diugtraut
IBce, iavolved in law and ajurfalhn ufan tht ngbli »f tht
iiary precedent*, fbould pttfUi •uibi.b, ^ J*ppi»g tht f am'
I al midnight, after the damtatal principUi if tkii gaivtrw
I fpent with the fatigue of mint, iLriaiiui i,
debate; ihat an adjouro- £. Temple
inly two ddjri, to enable L. Audle/i
I to confu',1 the Journals L. Craven
D|)ortant point, Ihoulil be L. Cimdcn,
ind that an immeJiate D. Portland,

D, Richmond

E. Radnor,
E. Thanet,
1.. LyiteliODt
E. Suffolk,
E. Aylestbrd,
E. Fitzwitliam,

Auld be pielTed,

t which flrongly marlc

n of. the moveri upoo the
thfir own propofition,

roceeding appcari to oi
unparli^meaEir/ and um-
mull, in every i.-ilbnce

4 pradifcd, preclude all

L. In

tuial di£iUutn
L. Fortcfcne.

D. Bolton.
L. Wycombe, E.

ofShelbiirae*

\J. Mancbeller,
L. Cbedworih,
L. PoDfbnby. £.
of Bclborougb,
£. Chatham.
U, Hyde.
L. Monfon,

E. Albemarle,

of debate; and when, by M. Koclcinghain, I^- Scarboroughj

I. all argument and fair b. BL'tkeley, E. Huoiingdon,

i» fupprcffcd, ihe delibc- E. Coveniry,

(liit Houle will degcoc- E. Stanifixd,

lent rotei. B. Bangor,

dIc aurlielvei. therefore, fi. Exeter,

and ai EngliOimcn and V. Torrington,

(oamei at dear to ni u E. TankerviUe

•rharibever) indifpeiirably £. Effingbam,
ptDieft agaioft a relblu'
i fubveriive of the autbo-
digniiy of this Hoofe,
junoui to the coIIeAii

L. Abergavenny,
L. Boyle, £. of

Corke,
£. Buckingham -

lliire,
L. Milton,
D. North amber-
L. Arch'er. laitd.

c Dukes, 18 £ixl), — 41

N. B. The fame Lord) ligncd

I'O ProinAi with me exccptkoa

»ecnraavtce upon every
tcrgcncy i a relolution,
xulUtatiotul ; in prece-
ily unautboriicd. but cca-
in tendency

of the t-aiU ol Suffulk and Btitking-
hamlhiie, wbo tinned i^af ibc tai it.

'~I~*HE order of the day being

__ i lor the Lord* to b«

n^ fufnmoiicd,
cstiiiont. And Tnc Earl of Chatham prrfenwd
ciaa/r dtc'ari, eiU pli^gt to rcc Lo-ie a bill, iniiiuicfl,
tot P-.hUi. itj:_ ;...- -J.,.! •■ A £.11 1^1 r^verlir.g the Adjj.
■ a.ui.iKg titrj'ti'vtt, ai dicatiuni M inc Il:,;;lc cl C'<mititri.>,
Uu, tf ivtTj rigai , mad wbcreoy Juiin U'nkct, t:i]: bat
c, ii-ubvibab ttt tiiipt- been ad:«]gcj ioctp-^lilc ot being
[01 3 e;c.:e4

198] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

eledled t member to ferve in this the coantr of Middlefac U t foU

prefent parliament, and the free- eleQion:-

holdera of the county of Middlefex And whereat the iSud Jbh^

hsve been deprived of one of their Wilkes, Efq; hairing bcea a|am

legal reprefeotatives.'' duly eleded and returned a ka^ht

Whereas the capacity of being of the (hire to ferve io lU* pitfeat

eleded a reprefenutive of the parliament lor the coimcy of Mid*

commons in psM'liament it (under dlefex^ the (aid Hoiiie of Qammm

known limiutions of law) an ori-« did, on the 17th of March, i^i

ginal inherent right of the fnbjed ; refolve in the words iollowi^i

and fbrafmtich at to deprive the ^* That the cledion and retwa fli

fabjed of this high franchife bifth- John WiUtet, BJo; who hath beet

right, other wife than by a jodg* by thit Hoafe adjqdgcd iiacapaUi

xnent according to the law of the of being eleded a member 10 ftrvi

land, and the conftant eftabliihed in this prefenc parliament, aie mI|

ufage of parliament conformable and Toid :" *

thereto, and part thereof, it diredly And whereat the faid Jehl

contrary to the fundamental laws Wilket, Efq; haviag been a|iil

and freedom of this realm, and in duly eleded and returned a knnk

particular to the ad, ''^Declaring of the (hire to ferve in thit Mcmt

the Righty and Liberties of the parliament for the connty ot Mid^

Subjed, and fettling the Succeffion dlefex aforefaid, and having oa the

of the Crown, at the ever-memo- priginal poll l^kt, eleven hindicd

rable Period of the Revolution ; and forty- three votes in hb ftf0V(

when free eledion of members of againft two hundred and ainety4bi«

parliament was expre(s]y vindica- in favour of Henry Lawci Lnidlt

ted and fecnred : Efq; the Houfe oif ConnMnt dii|

And whereas John Wilket, Efq; on the 15'th of Ajprila l769,nrilk

having been duly eleded and re- out a hearing of partict, aad i^

turned a knight of the (hire to manifeft violation of the iadafaitt*

ferve in this prefent parliament for ble right of the freelK^en of the

the county of Middlefex, was, on county of Middlefex fiochnfe ddf

the J 7ih of February, 1769, with- own reprefentatiyes in parliaaNKf

out being heard, adjudged inca- refolve as follows :

pable of being eleded a member, *' That Henry Lawea LnttidU

to ferve in this prefent parliament, Efq; ought to have been returaed a
by a refolution of the Houfe of knight of the (hire to ferve in thi|

Commons, as follows : prelent parliament for the conaty

'< Reiblved, That John Wilkes, of Middlefex, and thcmpoa or-
Efq; having been in this feilion of dcred the fatd return to be aaieadc4

parliament expelled this Houl'e, was accordingly :"

and is incapable of being eleded a And whereat, by another nMu

m^ber to {tis^ in this prefent tion of the 8th of May, 1769, the

parliament.*' faid H. of C. did, upon bearing ihf

Apd whereat on the fame day the matter of the petition oiptbe nce-

faid Roufe of Commons farther re- holders of the county of MiddMfex,

folved'tR follows: " That the late as far as the fame related to the

Eledion of a knight of the (hire to eledion of Henry I^awei Lnttrell,

ferve iu this prefent parliament for Efq; farther reiblve at Allows :

" That

PPENDIX to the CHRONICLE. ['9*

EScmy Lt»n Luttrell, je&ma of the fime, to the intent

eltfied ■ kotgin of the that it may be delivered down t«

v> ia ihii pi«fcnt pw- pofterity. that thit great conltiiD*

the coaiil7 of MiddJe< liooal and tStHaz] metbod of re.
nedying an Bnusmpled gneniiM

ifiBBcli u all iIm refo- bath not been left ooattrmpied by

-daid, caning off dM as; and that, to our own timet,

kit indubitable lurth- we nay fiud u neo determineit

vote of one hoofe of le perfevcre id reaewing, on every

cmrcifing difcretioa- occafion, oar ataiofi endeavours to

lad legiflative antbori- obtain that redref), li>r the violated

ilour (rf a jarifilJaioB ri^hu of the fubjed, and for lh»

, are moft artiitnry, il- injored cledori of Great Brittla,

ugctoot : which, in the ptefent momeat, an

efer* declared and en- over-raling fatality bath prevented

King*! Bwft excellent from talcing tSe& ) thereby refnfing

tad with the advice And reparation and cottfort to uj)p>

he Lords fpiritiul and preflcd and aAi&ed people

nd Caanoos, in tbia Cbab^. PcrtUnJ. PIrmmb.Mtei.

■ment a£embled,
of tbe (arae. That all
tiont contained in the
med feveral refolntiont
' and illegal, and che
d dull be hereby re-
lied, and made void,
: and parpoGu whulb*

Erft reading of the laid
moved) That the faid

the fecond time on '
tt. Which being ol^
icr a long debate, tho
■■ ppt tkerenpon. It
in the negauvc by 89

vai moved. That the
ejefled. The i]ael)ioa
iopon, and il wai re-
tfirnative.

«rr, Simmhft, Ftnfinhj, Sajfili,
Riebmmd, Jt^thtr, Jrebtr, Fiik-
WiiJiem, TimpU, Trrrimgltm, R*i-
tmmd, Jtbn Bmmgtr, iry<imh, fir-
tiftm, HumUngJam, T^Mitrvilb,
^birgmvtwij. King, Ftrnrt, Ljt-
ititBM, BtlitH, CamJM, Ctvntrj,
Buciimgham/birt, Scarbtrtugb,

To tlu King*! moR ExccllcBt
Majefty.

Tbt bimili A/dri/i, Rtmmiflrmft,
ani Pailkn »f ibi Lard Mtycr,
JlJimun, and t-itify »/ ibi City

ihd.

(Prtftmit St. yam>\ •> md.
we/day, ibi I4tb */M«rcb, 1770J

May it picafe your Majcfly,

e fmndatioBi of this
fally laid in the rea-
d in two proieftt en-
he Journal) of this

id day of Febuary ,

ink it indifpenfably fentcd to your Majelly the chief
pnteft asainll the r«- injurict we bavc fgftwied i we are
' ^ [0] ^ oowillinj

" "tlTB have already in our pe-
VV tition, doufully repre*

ft<>o] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

Hmwilling to believe, that your it is nonlly demoBirahle tkl
Mbjc^Y can flight the defires of xneii ceafe to be repreintttiicii
your people, or be regardlefs of That time is now arrived. Ik
their affedUon, and deaf to their prefent Hoafe of Commons do pM

complaiots. Yet their complaints reprefenc the people,
remain ananfwered» their injuries «« We owe to your Majeiy a

are confirmed ; and the only judge obedience^ under the reftrkKon of

removeable at the pleafure of the the Laws, for the calling and di-

Crown, has been dirmifled from ration of parliaments. And yov

his high oifice* for defending in Majeily owes to us, that oar it*

parliament the laws and the con« prefenutioo, free from ihcibrccof

flitution. arms or corraption, fiionld be pif-

" We therefore venture once ferved to us in Parliament. It n

more to addrefs ourfelves to your for this we fuccefifally §tnfgki

Majefty, as to the father of your under James the Second ; for thia

people ; as to him Who muft be we feated, and have faithfully ftp-

both able and willing to redrefs ported your Majefty's family on tit

onr grievances ; and we repeat our throne. The people have bra

^plication with the greater pro- invariably uniform in their objcA*

priety, becaufe we fee the inftni- though the different mode of attack

ments of our wrongs^ who have has called for a different defence,
carried into execution the meaiures " Under James the Second tkf

of which we complaiup more par- complained, that the fitting «

ticularly dillinguiflied by your Ma. Parliament was iotermpted. b^

jefty's royal bouncy and favour. caufe it was not corruptly ^fer-

'* Under the fame fecret and vient to his defigns : We complsia

malign influence, which, through now, that the fitting of this Parlis-

each fucceflive adminiflration, has ment is not interrupted, bccanie

defeated every good> and fuggefled it is corruptly fubfervient to the

every bad intention, the majority defigns of your Majcily*s miniftuit

of the Houfe of Commons have Had the parliament under Janei

deprived your people of their the Second been as {nbm*flivc to

deareft rights. his commands, as the Parliamnt

*' Thty have done a deed more is at this day to the dilates of a

ruinous in i:s conCequences than miniiler. in Head of clamours for

the levying of fliip-moncy by its meeting, the nation would have

Charles the Firfl, or the diJpenf- rung, as now, with outcries for iu

ing power aflumed by James the diflblution.

Second. A deed, which muft vi- ** The forms of the conflitntioat
tiate all the future proceedings of like thoie of religion, were not
this parliament; for the aAs of eU.ibii(hcd for the lorm's fake ; but
the Legiflature itfelf can no more for the fubflance. And we call God
be valid without a legal Houfe of and Men to wicncfs, that as we do
Commons, than without a legal not owe our Liberty to tbote nice
prince upon the throne. and fubtle Jillini^iions which Pla-
" Reprefentatives of the people ces, Penfions, and lucrative em-
are eflential to the making of ploy ments have invented ; fo nei«
laivs ; and there is a time« when ther will we be deprived of it by

them I

APPENDIX to the CHRONICLE, [lot

Mt u it was giined by tbe the traft repofed ia ncj u to «Mil
rne of oar anccBori, b^ «vcn the appeirance of invaduy
tue of their ddceDdaiiU U any "f ^^^^ powcra which the eoo-
prefenred. fliiution hai pltced in other handt.

ncc therefore the mifdeed* It i* only by perieveriae in fgch a
Majefty't miaillen io vio- conduft, that [ can either dirchar^
he frecdoin of elc&ioa, and my owd duty, or Iccore to in|r
ng the Dobte conftituiioQ of fabjcQi the tree enjoyment of thole
leaii, are notoHoui. a* well right) which my family were called
'crfive of the fundamental to detend : and while I aA upOB
id libertiet of thit realm; ihefe piinciplet, 1 Jhall have a

right to expe&. and I am coai.

deat 1 Ibill conunue to receive^

the Heady aad affeOioaatc fupport

of my people.

: your Majelly. both
and juliice, ii obliged in-
' to prcrerve them, accord-
the oath made to God and
bje&t at yoar coronation :
w Majetty'* remonllrantt,
orrelves, that yoar Majclly
ftore the coDlLitational go-
it and quiei of yoar people,

To the King'i moi BuelleU
M^elty.

■vine ihii Parlianeot, anil ^^' *""*'' ■'■''''t'*. S*mc»/h.

P ^ '. ■ ■., ^ MmJ P..liti„m mr akm I ^J Xf

ig thofe evil mtaillera Ibr
m your coaocili.

Signed by order.
aei Uodgcir Toiva Cleik."

and Petit ion, if tht Lord Majbr,
MdtrMta, and CamtKam-tauniii 4^
tbt City tf Lattdaw.

(Prt/Mtdaa Wtd^Jdm;. M^ sjdj

!tb JJJn/i. Stimnftm
?ilili*K, ill Majlfiy *
t i» rtlitrn lit ftllfuiiMg

]u1I aluayi be ready t

Miy it plcafe your MajrAy,
\JL7 HEN yoor Majefiy'i moft
*•' fiithful fubjeAi. the cid-
aeni ot London, whole loyalty
and afficdion have been lb ot'tea
and lo effeSoally proved and ex-
e reqiiefti. and to liflen to perienced by the illullrioua houfe
plainu of my fubjedi : bat of Brunfwic^ are Lbounng un-
me great cnnccrn to find dei :he weight of that difplcalure
of them fhuuld have been lo v<riii<:h yoar Majefty hai been ad-
d, a* toulFer mi-an Addrcft viled to lay upon iherri, in ihe
iionSrancL', the conteuli of anr^er given I'rom the thiOne to
cannot but contider ai dif- their late humble application, we
I to me, injunout to my fi-'cl ourfelvci conflrained with all
!nt, and irrcconcileable to humility to approach the Royal
:iplei of the conlhiuiion. l-'iilticr ol hii people,

■are ever made the law of Cuofciaui, Site, of the pureft
the rale of my conduct, fcniinienti of veneration which
g it ray chief glorv to they cnteitain for your MajiHy'i
■er a free people. With perion, we are deeply concerned
I 1 have always been care- that nhat the law allow*, and the
veil to execute faithfull/ conlliluiion tcachci, haih been

mIfcoB-

aoa] ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

vifconftmed by Miniftcrf , iaftru* and nuiliimg to r«A^ tUr gritm'

nents of tbtt influence which fliakes amcu, caiiB^ bot bi coowicfffi

the realnii into difreiped to your by your Majefty, « aidilrcfpeMI

|4ijefty. to yourfclfy iajbrioot to vow Par*

Perplexed and aibnifhed as wn liamcnt, and irreceiidleaole to tk

are, by the tLwMJintei§et of etff/mrg principlet of tbt coaiKtotioQ."

lately paft opoo this city in your Yonr Majelly caaiMK AftpmoiCi

Majefty 'a aniwer from the throne; that «m hire aflerc tba dfMdt

we cannot, withoot forreDdering principles of the coiiftiiicin»

all that is dear to Engliftmen, agaiaft the infidioaa actempu «f

lorbear moft humbly to fupplicate, evil cottnfellors co pirfitK^ em^

that your Majefly will deign to founds and Jbmh tbeoi. Wc ait

grant a more favourable interpre- determined to abide by tkofe rigfcn

tation to this dutiful, though per* and liberties, which oor Ihifffc-

frjering cleum oi ovlt invaM iirtb* thers bravely Tindiaued, ac lil

rights ; nothing doubting chat the ever- memorable Revoiotion, aal

benignity of your Majefty's nature which ch<ir>8«i wrV/ ever reiblaidy

will* to our anfpcakable comfi^rc, delend. We thereibre sow renc«i

at length break through all the at the foot of the throne, oar daifl

iccret and viijble msuhinatiQur to to the indij^mfihle right of ihe fib*

which the city of London owes its jcA, ■* ■ a/W/, free^ and ■■— tf

late fnere rtfulje ; and that your Uted Parliament, Ugedly eh^ m

kingly julHcc, and fatherly ten- all its memhen ;-*-■ a right which

dernefs, will difclaim the malig- this houfe of Parliament haft

nant and pernicious ad'vice which manifeftly violated, depriving tt

iuggeAed the anlwer we deplore : their w/V/ and fleafuret the cooaty

rnn adwce ef the weft dangerous ten^ of Middlefex of one of its legal

^ney ; inafmuch as thereby the reprefentatives, and etrhitreirify m-

cxercife of the cleared rights of minati/tg, as a Knight of the flttit,

the fubjeA, namely, to petition a jperfon not eleded by a minority

the King for redrefs of grievances, of the freeholders. As the only

to complain of the violation of the conftitutional means of rcparatioa

freedom of elcAion, and to pray now left for the injured elcAort of

ibr a diflblution of Parliament, to Great Britain, we implore* widi

point out mal- practices in admi- mod urgent fupplicataona* the dif^

nillration, and to urge the remo- /olution of this prefent parliameMi

val of evil minifters, hath, under the removal of evil MiniAers, aad

the generality of one eomfemdivus the total extinclioo of that fatal

nuofd, been indil'criminarely check- influence, which has canfed fach

ed wiih reprimand ; and your Ma- aactonal difcontent.
jr fly's afflided citizens of London In the mean time* Sii«» wo

have heard, from the throne itfc]f» oftcr our conflant prayers to Hea-

that the eomtents of tKcir humble ven, that your MajeAy aaay reigB«

Adirels, Reo:onfl.ance, and Peci- as Kings only can reign, im and

tion, laying their eomflaimts and hj the hearts of a loyala datifa|»

injuries at the feet of their Sbte- and /rrir people,
rci^o* 9s/aihtT of his feofle, uhl$

ft*

APPENDIX to Ae CHRONICLE, [joj

I Uajbstv's Axwbr. " W« do, therefore, ivith tht

IhouU have been wantiag gmuft hamility and rabBiCon*
e pablic ai welt xa to my- mofi ccraelUy fupplicate vmt Ut-
■r { had DM exprefled my jeRy, thai yon will ^ ATnifi Mf
it&ffioa It the lite ad- from your prfieace trithout exprtCr
fing a more favoorabte opinion of
J fcfttiaeiiti on tiiai fabjeA your faithful dtiMns, and wjtboat
aat tbe fame: and 1 lliould feme comfort, without feme pnfl
lerve to ba conlidcrcd ai the peA. at leaft, of redrcfs.
r of my peopki if 1 could " Pcnnit me. Sire, further t*
' myfetf to be prevailed up- obfeivct tKit whoever hat alreadf
B make fuch an ufe of my dared, or fhall hereafter eodet-
igative, at I ^uot but vour by falfe infiDoaiiom and fug*
E incoofiRcDt with the ioic- gcftiooi, lo alienate yoiir Majefty'a
and daageroiu to the con- aScAiont from yow loyal fabjeot
joa of the kingdom.' in general, and from lIm city of

London in particular, and to with'
r kit Majely bad been draw yoar confidence to xnd r-
gard for yonr people, it smtrntrnj
« jnr MAJijt,: p,rfim mMdfmmit,^
« tiitlaitr a/ ibt puttie f tact, m»d M
bitrayer nf tm- i»p^ emjliiiaiii tu
il luai tfiailiJbtJ at tkt gUriiu mad

ntciffary RmtlMiM."

i be Lord Mmyot waited near a
minnte Jot x Kpiy* bnt nooe VM

, tbe Lord Mayor reqnei
n reply, which being graot-
I Lordfliip addreflecT £d in

sradoo* Sovereign,

Er -- ■ - ■

ILL yonr Maje&y be pleaT-
ed fe far to condefcend, as
nit the Mayor of your loyal
Ixmdon to declare in your
pKfence, on behalf of hit
atixeoa, bow mnch the bare
enfion of your Majelly'i
(ore would, at all timet,
heir mindi i the declaration
: difpleafnre hat already fil-
» with inexprcflible anici-
)d with tbe decpeft alfiic-

r« lit Right N»imn-aUt tbt Ltrdi
Ccmmjumirt tf tht JJmrahj.

London, OO. a&.
My Lord),

I Am under tbe neceffity of re-
prefeniing to your Lordfhipt*
thai a meaCure, very injurious to
the inhabitants of thij city, at well
ennit ap. Sire, to afliire as derogatory of the authority of
Uajeflv, that Toor Majelly in laws, aod of iti MagiAracy,
I in all your domiaiout any haih litely been taken, nndcr the
I more laithful, more duii- fanAioa of your Lordfhip'i aaibo-
more affeflionaie to your ricy— I mean, that pF granting to
f'% peribn and family, or citizens, curying on the feveral
rc*dy CO lacri&ce their live) branchci of bulinels, proteitiom
vtuc* in the maintenance from the Admiralty, for the men
troc bonour jfod dignity of employed by them, provided they
r..wB. arc not feaipen; to obtain whicb

pro[c£Uo^>>

204] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

pfote£lion9» the citizens are at the
trouble of reforting to tlie Admi-
raliy-Office, at much lots of time,
and are beiides oblieed to pay a
guinea for each protection.

1 am fure that no fuch idea can
be entertained by yoar Lord (hips,
as that any proted^ion, be fides that
of the laws, is neceifary to fecure
perfons employed in the manufac-
tures and commerce of this city.
1 beg leave, thereiore, to fubmit
to your Lordfhips, that this mode
of pr^tcdlion be defifted from ; and
whether it m^y not tend to the
more qu'ct and cfFedtual carrying
<7n the public fervice, i( the naval
officers, employed to i.npreis men,
be enjoined by 'your Lordfhips to
pay due regard to certificates, at-
telled by the Magiftraces of the ci-
ty, in favour of perlons (not fea-
snenl employed by the inhabitants
in their refpedive buftnefs, and
defcfibcd in the manner required
by your Lordiliips* proteQions. I
have the honour to be, with great
refpe6l,

Mv Lords,
Your Lor. (Iiips mod obedient
humble lervant.
Barlow Trecothick,
Mayor.

To the Right Honour ahU the Lord-
Mayor of the City of London,

Admiralty-Office, O^. 26.

WE have received your Lord-
flitp's letter of this day's
date, reprcl'enting, that a meafure,
very injurious to the inhabitants
of this city, as well as derogatory
of the au'.horiiv of its laws, and
of its Magillrncv, hath lately been
mken undrr the fandlion of our
uuihority, *ui%. That of granting
to ciiizeasj carrying on the fever^i

branches of bufiocfs, proteffioM
from this office, for the perfoas
employed by them, and iobmil*
tiog, whether this uiode of protec-
tion may not be defiiied from, aid
whether it may not tend to the
more quiet and efledoal canjiag
on the public fervice, if the naval
officers employed therein, be en-
joined by us to pay doe regard to
certificates attefved by the Magi-
ilratcs of the city, in frtom of
perlons (not feamen) emplojred by
the inhabitanu, and defcribed ia
the manner required by onr pre-
tedions.

We are to acquaint year Lord*
Ihip, that application being made
to us for pro.te6tions for pertboi
under the defcription above-men*
tioned, they were at firft refaled,
and thofe who folicited them told,
they were unneceflary. the officas
employed on the fervice of raifiDg
men being retrained from inprei-
iing landmen ; but feveral perftm
in great branches of-buhnels re-
peating their felicitations, and af*
ferting that their men, from tbe
apprehenfions of being imprcflcd,
could not be prevailed opoo to
follow their work, we did there*
fore, in order to remove tuch
apprehenfion?, which, however,
ground lefs, might prove prejudi-
cial to them in their bufincfs, at
length comply with their requeft;
but, in regard to your Lordihip's
reprefentation, we (hall for the fu-
ture dctilt from granting any foch
prottflions.

V\'e are further to obfenre to
your Lordfliip, chat the warrants
iducd by us to the officers employ-
ed in procuring men for his Ma-
jelly '» Heet, do not authorize then
to impreis any but feamen, fea-
faring-mcn, and perfoas whofe oc->

cupatioaa

IPPENDIX to the CHRONICLE. loj

i uti callingi arc to work for bii moll facred perAw and go-

I aod boati DDon rivers ; vemment : and Sir Edward being

: tbe inftniAioni accom- prevented by illneft from alund-

tbofe warraati exprefily m^ the King therewith, he iranf.

tbcm rrom impreCing mitced a copy of it to Lord Wejr-

•dman : and we afliire mouth, one of the principal Secre-

rdOiip, that in cafe any taries of State, for bia Mijelly'a

all prtfaine to exceed the ittfnrmation : and hii LordOiip

rramcd him by fuch war- hiving thii day acquainted u,

r difobey the orderi con- that he took the earlieft opporta-

< him by fuch inltrnflions, oily of laying the faid relolgtion be-
fore the King, and that hii Majefty
- t pleafed to exprefs great fatii-

be exemplarity punilhed,
partie* injarcd liav<
redrcTi. Under thefe cir-
:et( therefore, it fermt
for as to give fuch

fadion apon receiving tbi* mark
if seal and affedion forhiiperlba

and government ; we lignify the

MTticalar inftruSions with fame to yonr LordQiip ; tad ut,

to the certificates vour my Lord,

/ropofet ; and indeed we Your Lordfliip'a

fuch certificate), wontd Moft hamble fervam*,
nature be a mode of pro-

'hich we are not aotboriz- Rt. Hon. Brafs J. Buller,

'e any fanaioo to. Crofby, Efq; Palhekstoni,

re, my Lord, your Lord- Lord Mayor C. Spehcek,

'' ' cf London. Lisburnii,

F. HoLKURKt.

oQ humble fervanti,

E. Hawee,

py.) C. SpENce

C. J. POK.

tit Ltller tranfmittii jtfttr-
■ tbi lerJi tf ihi AJmirahj
Kigtl HsK. tbt Lard MaytT.

ilty-Office, 10 Nov. 1770.

E city remembrancer hav-
ig attended Sir Edward

with a copy of the rdo-
'f a common -council, held
I inll. at GuildhaJt, cITcr-
lODty for the encouraging
to enter into his Majclty'a
ce( and fignilicd the re*

the laid Court, that Sir

Hawtcc ivould, at a prober
•ity, lay the lame before
efty. as an humble telli-
r their seal and atfedion

To the King's Moft Excellent
Majelly.

Tht bumhU Addnfi, RtmnfiroHtt,
and Petilkn ef tbt Ltrd-Meytr.
AUtrmtK, end CenunBnt af iht
City tf LmdtH, ia Ccmmar-Ctitm-
til afftmbUd.

WE the Lord-Mayor. Al-
dermen, and Commons of
the city of London, in common -
council aflcmbled, moft humbly
beg leave to approach your Ma.
Ji-liy, and moll (ioiifully to lay
a^nin at (he foot of the throne cur
,-i[;gravated grievances, and earned
lupptications : although, tliroogli
prci'olcncc of etii c'lunlclloo, our

ao6] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

juft complaints have hitherto met yonr people takea in a bciT ptrEJ-

with repulfe and reprimand, never- ment.

theleft we will not forego the la'ft * By fach an ewtnwm alone of

confolation of the anluppy, hope, yonr own royal jvilSom Cod virtue;

that our fufferings will at length the varioos wodods^ of tfie ooafttia^

find an end, from the innate good- tion can be effcdually beaded ; andp

iiefs of yonr Majefty ; the gracious 1^ reprefentativctf freely chbin#

efe£U of which have» to oar an- and ading independcotly. Oh <■-

fpeakable ^rief» been intercepted luury awe of piarliameiit tynaot

from your injared people, by a fa- fail to fecure to us that facM fad*

tal confpiracy of malevolent inflv- wark of Englilb liberty^ tbe trial

cnce around the tbrone. by jury, againft tbe davgtnMi

' We, therefore, again implore deiigns of tbofe who have daicj

jaar Majefty in this fid crifii, with openly to attefnpt to mptikic iu

hearts big with forrow, and 'warm powers, and deftroy iu eiScaqp.
with affedion, not to be induced ' So will diflatisfadioo, and ta-

by falfe foggcftions, contrary to tion al wealenefs, change at oaofc MMD

the benignity of your Royal na- public confidence; order, ftrcngth,

ture, to flint up your paternal and dignity ; and this boated coa«

compaffion and juftice againft the ftitution of Englapd, fe late the

prayers of unhappy fubjeds, claim- envy of nations* no longer be hcU

ing, as we now again prefume to forth to the derifion of EwDpc»

do, with equal humility and freC' eledors not fuffered to eleA» jam

born plainnefs, our indifputable forbid to judge of tbe whok mat-

birth-rights, freedom of eledion, tor in iftue before them, and da-

and right of petitioning. tiful petitioners, remonftraiirg the

* We have feen the known law moft flagrant grievances, braaded
of the land, the fure guardian of by the mini fters who opprefs thcBf
right, trodden down ; and, by the at feditions infradors of that ooa-
inflncnce of daring roinillers, lubi- ftitution which we religiooAy re-
trarydifcretion, the law of tyrants, vere, and, together with yonr ma«
fet up to ovcrth.'ow the choice of jefty's facred pcrfon, will nacea'
the eledors, and nominate to a fingly defend againft all encBiCS
feat in parliament, a perfon not and betrayers/

chofen by the people. Hi. Majeftf . A,f^^.

• Your majefty', throne .s foand- . y^, j ^J,^\^ ^^^ „ ,,^

treaibn againft the whole conftitu- " ' / P*

tion. ^

• Deign then. Sire, amidft the ^ ^ , „• ,. ,

complicated dangers which fur- ^^^'"" ""f J^' Froctidnyi mt iht
roun^i us to reftore faiisfadion and County Mating ai Ymrk^ » g
harmony t» your faithful fubjcds, i^^tterftom a Gintleman fr^fi^.
by lemoiing fmm your Majcftv's «• 'T"^ H O* I live very dUtent
prefer*ce r.ll evil counfellors, and J[ from York, yet* aa a friend

by recurring to ihe recent fenfc of to liberty and the conlkitaiioi. I

went

UPPENPIX to the CHRONICLE. [1107

ihc countjr aening adver- " It wis then ^{reed, tlwt iW

the X5tb inft. About noon letter of thulci Ihould be firft vq.

« Armiuge wu re<]uctted ted ; — and ihen the fenfe of the

ute ciuir. After exprrf- freeholden taken concerning a re.

feajc of the honour con- mooDrance. The letter of tkaake

iB himi sod giving nllur* wa aflcDied ta without om diflcat-

the eaeriion of his ibiliu'cs ing voice.

uKncfi for which ihey were " Mr. Torner had propoled i

1, he told ihem he wuulJ comoiitiec. with wbo.n wu to be

I their laie petiiiun, aod trullcd the whole affiir; ihi* was

e an acnuor of its recep- the next fubjcd of coolideraiiaa.

ich vu ikithing more than Sir George Armitage tbea pn>-

: King received it with a claimed aloud, ' all who vk fur
• the commmee Md »f ibtir igr/,

G. Savllle then nife np, ' ait •wba art afoiafi lie coromittea

e a very brief account of • MJ af tbtir bam4 liktviifi.^ Thia

d been done in the houfe, cauGng fone confuGon, a divifioa

10 remedy lbs grievances wai agreed upon, »nd thoT* wlw

coinplained of, but faid were not freeholder! were reqnellt)!

10 couoienuice a reman- to leave the roooi for a few ininutet.
— AgainS the committee a grcac

George Armitage, (with- majority.
■g the feafe of the freehold- " Lord John CavendtQi wat, I
ceming a remonftrance.) tbioki the next fpeaker j he re-
leave 10 read a piper, cod- coininended lenient and gentle
ibanlu to their worthy re- ificafures, at (he molt probable
live* for their conduft in method of having all their oom-
snt, the laft feUjon. p]aint» redreffed, when his Majeay
t aext fpeaker at thii meet- perceived they did not oppofe the

Charic* Turner, EC], He meafure) of government for ths

ID the lead difippruve what fake of oppofition, but in defence

'ge Armitage had propofed, of their own privileges, when vioa

gbt if this wa« all they in- lated ind infringed,

by calling the freeholder! " After fome trifling alteKa-

, — if they took no notice tian, it was n^t propofed by (ii'[

EOntempt of their dutiful am not miAikenJ Sir Cecil Wray,

tl petition to (he throne, that the fenfe of the freeholdera

the freeholder! would be Oijuld b: tnkea concerning a re-

difappoinied ; that they monlUancej when it was obferved

e the laugh of the miniilry ; by Lord J. Cavi-ndilb, (hat, in tbe

r Oiould be thought to fur- letter already adeoted to, they had

! caufe in which they had exprcfsly decJ.iieJ they forbore to

■A i and therefore propofed reiterate their co.'nplaiat brfore tbe

iooal remcfnllcance, in fup- throne, and that ihey now ware,

which he wa* very warm, in direft conrradidion to them,

itte to the fatiifaflion of fclvet, going to reiterate. Accord-

iho, before, had not the ingly ail wai qu:ifhccl, and Sir

rndly ofinion sf him. Coigc Armitage left the chair "

Tbt/Mommg it tbe Letter of Thanh
tt thi Kmigbts of tbi Shire ahovi
dluded to.

To Sir George Saville» Bart, and
£dwin LafceUet* E/q,

Tork, Sept. 25, I770*

'* Gentlemen,

ao8j ANNUAL REGISTER, 177^

a ileady perfererance in t
ciplef, the electors of C
tain muft finally obtain
their violated rights.

** Your coadnd, gentle
juftly merited the thanki
coniiituentf ; and we hai
tisfadlion to declare, thi
tirely approve all that
done and faid In fnppon
liberties.— By the explid
and determined part 3
taken, during the laft j
parliament, the (entimenti
whofe intereft is intmficc
care, have been moft hit
prcfled.

'' It is not, therefore,
ni(h or inftrud, but to 1
out as examples to am
encourage others, that we
prefs oar feiife of the fim
^vigilance of your condii£
times of new and dange
trines; when not only r
the violation of the righ
tion hath not been obta
every accerapt to fecure 1
from future violaiions h
evaded.

" It is become but ta
that neither the moft faci
of the people, nor the \
the crown, have been 1
their care who(e ftation
them more peculiarly r
for a ftrid attcncfcn to bo

•• The public welfare,
man<1f, that thofe who a
to guard its intereft, fti
ploy their utmoft attenti
quire into the caufes of tl
ral diflatisfadion which p
the minds of a irtt^ a
and a loyal people ; ar
there be found anyjuft i
national Jefentmeot, we t
neither miniiUrial powa

•« ¥ T 7 £ the freeholders of the
VV county of York, aflem-
Med here, defire to exprefs our
Sentiments to yon on the prefent
dangerous fituation of affairs.

*^ In prefenting a petition to the
throne, we a£led from the ftrongeft
oonvidlion, that it was onr duty to
jeprefent to his Majcfty bow fe-
▼erely we thought the rights of all
the eleftors of Great Britain ftruck
•t by that refolution which nomi*
nated a reprefentative to a county,
in oppodtion to the votes of a ma-
jority of the freehelders.

** We had reafon to hope, that
an application, fo fall of affec-
tionate loyalty to our fovereign,
and prefented in a mode fo agree-
able to the principles of the con-
ftitution, would have met with a
favourable reception. But we nei-
ther can nor will impute its failure
to any other caufe, than the arts
and management of thofe, who
have no other means of juftifying
their own mifconJuft to thc^ir fove
reign, than by mifre prefenting the
denres aud alFe^ons of a loyal
people.

** Hopelefs of fuccefs from a
reiterated petition, whilft the fame
influence prevails, ^e forbear to
make a further application to the
throne ; being con&dent that the
former wiil remain an authentic
Ceftimony of our unalterable fenti-
ments, which, by every juftifiable
method, we are determined to lup-
fort i and we dotbt not, that, by

APPENDIX to the CHRONICLE.

y mind, and the variety orniAC'^
f conuintd in the paper ifanf.
mitted to me. oblige inc to extend
bat the mindi of his M^jef- my anfwer beynnd ihe length that

ddeU, flor reiireraenc from
elude the cScfl of that cn<

ijitXi may be united i

fubmiffioa to legal auiho- of compliment.

1 anfw(

id a ftcady leCiAiaQC ta il

Bwer; and ih^t the rigbii

people may be fecured by

:ii« and prudence of their

iwirrt, the natural guir- tween a gracious loveie

' ll>o<e tights, ij (he fervent people, (hould make it
every fiicad of [he conlli- foibear a lecond applied
■nd voa may be aHured, >i>g and trufling at the lame time
luluit of thofe ohjefls, that yoitr conlidence ii u

linarv occafionj.
" h is impoflible for me not to
lament with you, that any unhappy
interpofiiion cl' interelled in<n be-
tween a gracious foveicii>:i and hia
^ible to
bop-

ell found*

I alwayt be fuppotted by cd, j do hold it
choldcr* of the tounty of while one grain of purity i

'3er of (he meeting.

i.Aa

rcmaini in the cunlliti
principles and doilrii
fubverfive of it, can tal
flourifb, nay, th^t the)

r vigour
on, that
dtreAly

-00 [ and

FrttMdtrt of tin Cuanij tf •„ ■ , ■ ,

mfimUU sLmbtr 7/. i, "'" "'''j""/ """""^n"- ] "■»

^ ' ' templed fo lar to go beyond the
limn of what is more elTcntijIly a

leiBen, necelTaty part of my anfwer, ai 10

AVING had the honour of expref* the faiis'if^ion it affoid*

^ receiving, by (he haudi of me to obferve, thit while you de-

irge Aimiiage, a commu* cline a meafure, which to man/'

of your fcutimeuit, I beg might naturally feem more dircfl-

I (he firft place to return ly tending to redrcf), you have

grateful acknowledgment taken eiTedujl care plainly to draw

pant of it u regard my- the line, and Arongly to mark liio
diftififlion (that didinAJon fo eJTeii.

tw alwayi thooght myfelf tial in ^tfimi e/Xigbr) betweea

t in the opportunities f forbearance and acquiclcence.

lof knowing from time to " I accept iv-ith a pride, which

: fentimeni) of my conQi- I will acknowledge and avow every

ud it hat been my parti- where, the tcUimony you bear to

ppaneft 10 meet on thofe the little 1 can have done, i
I with their approbi
indeed, no longer
th AtiJafiioii 10 my
US I had tcafon 10 belie

prufecution oi my duly ; and 1 will
you tu be alTured. ihji 1 will per'
ievere, not Only ' " _
n maintaining to ihc uiawll ut

lut

Im)ooi coincided wiih power, thofe piinciplei

t Icaft » cScQlial and fuu* approved, the principles of the

l^ali. ctiiiKiiii-ion; and more efpccially

I iBjwrWKe of the fub- that &t& tight, (he righ( of tlcc-

toipecfioa i( has made on hud, BTidci itblch alooc my a&c^

xifi. in wuiu, ■

2io] ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

exills, and without which even the tion of gentlemen of jroor charte*

two charadersin which we are now ters. If I have been fo fbrtonite

converfing, the reprcfented and the at to fucceed, I mall think i aa

reprefentativcj are mere illufory more indebted to yoar partial opi*

fidlions. nions» than to any real or fabftia*

'* I defire likewife to aiTure you» tial merit of my own.
that 1 will omit no opportunity *< 1 know it vvoold be Tain ail

of fulfilling that particular duty» impertinent t6 expcA any fvtMk

which the prefent occailon has favours from yoo, vraa I ever »

called upon you to remind me of; betray the trnft, yoa have colld^

I mean the fearching out the caufes fcended to honour me with.
of public diflfatisfadion, and the *' I flatter myfrlf* whilft I pit*

objects of a juft public refentment ; ferve my independenqr* ftod m

trufting to your candour, if the not adaated with views of ambi*

fuccefs does not anfwer to the warm tion» avarice* and loft of powo^

cxpedations of many honed men» you will have no caofe to wii^

and the ardent wiihesofall. Yoa draw your nfual indulgence fioi

have more than once over-rated my me.

abilities to ferve you ; I wi(h I had '* I have ever oonfidercd tkt

not reafon to fear» that in this in« very unfortunate decifion of tka

ftance you experience a ftriking ex- rights of the freekoldert of Mid>

ample of it. dlefex» as highly detrimeoCal to

" It is my firft duty to join in thofe of all the eledors of GrciK

your wifti» that due order and fub- Britain ; therefore, flial! fieadDjf

jniffion, as well as a refolute adhe- perfevere to contribute all in mf

rence to the rights of freemen, power to obtain redrefi of ikofe

may prevail. It is the mod per- violated rights,
fed felf-interell, and the higheft *< I moft heartily concor wick

limbition to join with you in the you, gentlemen, in til your en*

other, that I may be in any degree ftitutional wifties. My greateft aa*

the fortunate inftrument in preferr- bition is, to render myfelf wordy

ing thofe rights. of your choice, whi^ I kaow cat

" I beg leave to fubfcribe myfelf, only be effeded bv fupporting the

Gentlemen, fundamental prinaptes of our con-

Your much obliged, and ilitution, and the undoubted birth*

faithful humble fervant, right of our fellow-fubjeds. WhcA

George Saville.'* you find me deficient in thofe grand

^ t r t t points, I defire to enjoy no longer

To the FrtiboUirs oJftmhUd at York, the honourable ftation of being one

on tbt zyh of Stjftmber, 1770. of your reprefentatives ; but, natii

Gentlemen, that event happens, the only ft-

•« TT IS fcarce pofTible for words vour I now afk of yoo, it, to giva

JL to exprefs the lively fenfe of me credit for my onfkaken loyallf
gratitude I feel, for the very fa- to our mofl gracious fovereign, my

vourable opinion you are pleafed efteem and regard for the intmt

to entertain of my public condud. of our fcllow-iubjcds, and ny im-

•• It has always been my great- plicit veneration for our moft «-

•ft ambitum to gain the approba- calleat coaftitution.

««Ihavt

APPENDIX to the CHRONICLE. [211

•' I have the honour to be, with noife hroucjht people tor^cthcr, and

the moft fincere eAeem and re^ard^ John Hicks, a yuunj^ lul, comi:ig

Gentle men. up, knocked the fol.lijr down, Irjc

Your moll obliged, an 1 Ice hini get up ai^nin; and more

iDOft faithful humble fcrvant, I'ld:^ gathering, drove them back to

Edwin Lascelles." the barrack, where chj bin's Ouo.l

QmUefiorougb, Si'pt, 28. fume time a> it were to keep them

■ in. In lefo than a minute ten or

thi umhapfy Rict at Boflon has been twelve fbldiers came out, with

ft 'uari§ufly re^refcnted, and is in drawn cutlafTes, clubs, and bayo-

iffilf of fainter iflt Kg a Nature, that nets, and let upon the unarmed

VH think it necejjary to lay the d:f' boys, who, finding the inequality

fertnt Accounts of it before our of their equipment, diiivrfed. On

Ktmiirs, hearing the noiie, op<: Samuel At-

Boflon^ March 12. wood came up to T^l* vvh<:: v\as the

ONthcevpnig of Monday, be- matter, and met the luidirrj afore-
in^ the 5th current, feveral faid rulhing down the alley, and
foidiers of the 29: h regiment were aOced them if they inte.ided to
fcen parading the ftreets with their murder perple? they 'ar.fwered^
drawn cudafles and bayoilpts, abu- Yes, by G — d, r.ot and branch *.
fiog and wounding numbers of the with that one of th'^m llruck Mr.
bliabitauts. Atwood with a cKib, which was
" A few minutes after nine repeated by another, and, being*
o'clock, firar youths* named Ed- unarmed, he turned to go off, and
*ard Archbald, William Merchant, received a wound on the left
Francis Archibald, and John Leech, (boulder, which reached the bone,
jon. came down Cornhill together. Retreating a few Uepi, Mr. At-
aad feparating at Dr. Loring's wood met two officers, and faid»
comer, the two former, in pafling Gentlemen, what is the matter ?
a narrow alley « where a foldier was they anfwered, \ou'll fee by and
Ikrandifliing a broad fword, of an by. Immediately after, thef'e he-
aacoinmon fixe, againft the walls, roes appeared in the fquare, alking
oat of which he ftrnck fire plenti- where were the boogers ? where
fflUyf and a perfon of a mean coun- were the cowards ? thirty or forty
leaance, armed with a large cud- perfons, moilly lads, being by this
|el. by him, Edward Archbald bid means gathered in King-llrcet,
Mr. Merchant take care of the Capt. Prefton, with a party of men
fwordt on which the foldier turned with charged bnyonets, cam? from
round, llruck Archibald on the arm, the main-guard, and taking their
and then pufliefi lit Merchant. Mer- ftations by the Cultom-houff, he-
chant then ftruck the foldier with a gan to pu(h and drive the people:
frort ftick, and the other pcrlon ott, pricking fome, and threaten-
Taa to the barmck, and brought ing others ; on which the people
with him two foidiers, one armed grc^ clamorous, and, it i.4 favd,
with a pair of tongs, ihe other ih.-ew fuuw- balls. On this the
with a fliovel ; hi: with the tongs captain comtnanded his men \^
parfued Archbald back through the nre, and more fno^-bulls coming.
alley, collared and laid him over he again faid, d — n you, fire, be
thf head with iLc tones. The the confequence what it wiM !-»-

ftia] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

One foldier then fired, and a townf-
aian, with a cudgel llruck him over
the hands with fuch force that he
dropt his firelock, and, ruihing
forward, aimed a blow at the cap-
tain's head, which grazed hit hat,
and fell pretty heavy upon his arm :
however, the folditTS continued the
fire* fucceffively* till feven or eight.

moruUy wounded; a ball
through hit belly, and was a
at his back : he died the neat i
ing.

** A lad* named Chrift
Monk, about (eventcen yea
age, apprentice to Mr. W.
(hipwnght, woonded ; a bal
tered hit back about four i

or, at fome fay, eleven guns were above the left kidney, na

fpine* and wat cot oat of the
on the fame fide ; apprehend
will die.

** A lad, named John i
about ferenteen yeart of age,
parents live at Medfbrd, wen
a ball entered juft below hit
and came out at hit hip, <
oppofite fide ; apprehended I
die.

<' Mr. Edward Pajrnc, <
town, Merchant, (landing
entry door, received a ball
arm, which (battered feme
bonet.

«* Mr. John Green, tayla
ing up Leverett's-lane, reci
ball juft under his hip, and
in the under part of hit
which was extramd.

«< Mr. Robert Patterfba,
faring man, wounded ; a bi
through hit right arm, and
fered great loft of blood.

<< Mr. Patrick Carr, al
years of age, who workf
Mr. Fields leather breechet
in Queen-fireet, wounded
entered near his hip and i
at his fide.

'« A lad named David
an apprentice to Mr. £
wheelwright, wounded ; a
tered hit ihigh.

"The people were imn
Mr. Samuel Maverick, a pro- alarmed with the report
mifing youth of fcv^teen years of horrid mafifacre, the bells
age» fen of the widow Maverick, a ringia^, and great numl

difcharged.

'< By this fatal manoeuvre, feve-
ral were laid dead on the fpot, and
fome lay lUuggling for life ; but
what (hewed a degree of cruelty
unknown to Britifh troops, at leali
fince the houfe of Hanover has di-
rected their operations, was an at-
tempt to fire upon, or (lab wiih
their bayonets, the per ions who
undertook to remove the (lain and
wounded ! At length,

" Mr. Benjamin Leigh, of the
Delph Manufadory* came up, and
after fome converiation with Capt.
Prefton, relative to his condud,
advifed him to draw oif hit men;
with which he complied.

« The dead are, Mr. Samuel
Gray, killed on the fpot, the ball
entering hit head and beating oflT
a large ponion of his (kull.

*' A mulatto man, named Crif-
pas Attuckt born in Framingham,
who wat here in order to go for
I>iorth Carolina, alfo killed in«
ftantly: two ballt entering hit
breall, on^ of them in Ipecial gor-
iiig the I ght lobe of the lungs, and
a great port of the liver moil hor-
ribly.

<* Mr. James Caldwell, mate
of Capt. Morton's veHel, in like
manner killed by two balls enter-
ing hit back.

<<

APPENDIX to the CHRONICLE. [213

at the pUce where thii oar fetlow-citiceni running |il»

eoe htdbeen afled ; their witer throufib King-Hreel, tnd ihc

|»^ be better conceived Merchanis Exchingc, the princU

takii and while fome pal (pot of the roiluiry parade for

ne care of the dead and about 18 munthi pall. Our btornl

at rcfi were in conful- might alfo be tr^iclted up to the

It to do in tbofe dreadful head of Long Lane, and ihrougb

tee*. But (b tittle inti- divert other itreett aod pafla^j.
■rere they, notwithAand- " At eleven o'clock the inhabu

being within a few jrardi tanti met at Faneuil-hall, and after

linguard, and feeing the fome animated fpeeches ibey chofc

iment under arms, and a committee of fifteen refpedablo

io King-flreel, that they gentlemen to wait upon the Lieot.

r ftalion, and appeared. Governor in council, to requefl of

icer of rank cxprcfled it, him to ilTue hit orderi for the im-

un upon the very muzxlei mediate removal of the troopa.
infteu. The Lieut. Gu- 7it Miffmii -wtti in tbtfi vnrJi :

Mt came into the Town- *' That ic it the ananimou* opi-

d there met fome of hi) nion of ihii meeting, that the inha-

cooncili and a number of bitantt and foldiery can do longer

jjiftratei; a con(iderable live together in fafeiy ; t^at no*

the people immediately thing can rationally be expe&ed to

lie council-chamber, and reltore the peace of the town, and

themlelvei to hii honour prevent luriher blood and carnage.

Freedom and warmth be- but the immediate removal of the

he occafion. He u(ed hi* troopt : and that «e therefore moft

ideavourt to pacifjr ihem, fervently pray his honour, that hit

[ that they would let the power and influence may be ex>

Mde for the night, and erted for their ioftanl removal."
r to do all in hit power Uit Htmur'i Rtfly.

■X flkould be done, and the Gtmtltmi*,

it* conrfe; men of in- " I am extremely forry for ib*

id weight with the people unhappy dilfeiencei between the

wanting on their pan to inhabitanta and troopa, and efp«-

their compliance, by re- cially for the aflion of the lall

g the horriole confcquenie evening, and I have exerted myfelf

lifcooBt and ralh engage- upon that cccaGon that a due en-

the night. The inhabi- quiry may be made, and that the

inded to thefe fuggeftioni, law m^y have iti courle. i have

egiment under arm* being in council confulted with the com-

to their barracki, they m«nding ofiiceri of the two regi-

and returned to their mentt who are in ihe town. They

I by one o'clock. Ac three have their order* from the General

Captain Prcllon wa* com- at Ncw-Yoik, It i* not in my

prifon , a* were the foldici* power to countermand ihofe order*.

\, a few hours aftrr him. The council have delired that the
efday morning prefented a two regiment* may be removed to
ickiog fccDC, the blood of the calQ<. From the parlicular con>
[f] 3 ceia

ai4T ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770,

^ern which the 29th regiment hat
had in your dittcrences. Colonel
Dalrymple^ who is the command-
ing Officer of the Troops, has fig*
nified that that regimeot (hal],
without delay^ be placed in the
barracks at the Callle» until he can
fend to the General and receive his
further orders concerning both the
regiments, and that the main-
guard (hall be removed, and the
14th rrgiment fo difpofed and laid
under I'uch reAraint, that all oc-
canon of future diflurbunces may
be prevented."

The foregoing Reply having
been read and fully confidered— the
queflioii was put. Whether the re-
port lie fatisfadory ? PaiTcd in the
negative (only one difTentient) out
of upwards of40Co voters.

** It was then moved, that John
H>''ncock» Efq; Mr. Samuel Adams,
^r. William iviolineux, William
Phillips, rilq; Dr, Jofeph Warren,

{oHiua HenHiaw, E'q; and Samuel
'emjcnon, K:q; be a Committee to
wait Oil iiis Hciiuur the Lieutenant
Guv LT nor, and inform him, that the
Reply made to the Vote of the in-
hahiia'^ts is by no means fati^fac-
tory ; and that nothing lefs will
fatisfy, than a total and immediate
removal cf .1!! li-ic croops.

** The Ccjui.T.ii.: I' having waited
upon the Lieutenant Governor, his
Honour laid before the Board .1 vote
of the town of Brflon. p.iild this
afternoon, and :;.i.n auJieiTcd the
Board as follows :

•* CctttUmen of the Council^
'* I i.iy before you a vote of the
town oi Boi^oii, which I have juil
now it»:i'ivcd f.om them, and I
pow aik yvur advice, what you
ju(iL;c necclLiy to be done upon

if.'f

S

*' The CouDcil thcreapon oe-
prefled themfelves to be mmmiimnjf
of opinion 9 '< tbat it wu aMbloteiy
neceflary for hit Majefty'a fervioe,
the good order of the town, and tbe
peace of the province, that tha
troopaihodld be immediately re-
moved oat of the town ofBoftoa;
with wfcich opioioD Colonel Dal-
rymple gave his word of Honosr
that he would acqaieice/'

Upon the ab»ve report, the ia-
habiunts exprefled the higheft th
tisfadion ; and after meafnrea wot
tzkcn for the fecurity of the lovib
the meeting was diilblvcd.

A moft folemn proceffioi «ii
made through Boflon at the tee*
ral of the foor murdered yooiks,
On this occaiion all the ihops wm
(hut up, all the bells in the tova
were ordered to toll, as wcrethofe
in the neighbouring towns, sad
the bodies that moved from dif-
ferent quarters of the town, mettc
the fatal place of action, and were
carried together through the maia
flreets, followed by the sreaieft
concourfe of people ever knows,
all teflifying the moft fenfible gricb
to a vault provided for that ia
the middle of the great lNiryiD|-
ground.

From the time of this fatal uri-
gedy, a military guard of lowa
militia has been conftantly kept ia
the Town-houfe and Town-pnibn,
at which fome of tiie moft refpcc-
table citizens have done duty as
common foldiers.

In confequence of this aflFair,
the inhabitants of Roxburgh peti-
tioned the Lieutenant C^venor
ilutchinfon to remove the troopi
from Bofton ; and received nr
anfwer, fJbat he bad no amtbcrity n
Qrder tbi King^j troops frtm mMjfUut

nvbirg

APPE!*DIX to the CHRONICLE. [215

th^ «rv fcftid if hit Majtfift
at the Ume time he se-
ed ihem wiih wtuit had b«n
tfitb the GODCurrciice of the
odiog officer. *

'' C«^«> Tbtmat FrtJtiK tf
ti* zgtb rtgimtM.

I matter'of too grot notoriety
need waj proofi, that the ir-
of hi* Majedy't troops in
1 was extremely obnoxioui to
kabiunt). They have ever
ill meaiu in their power to
Til the regimenti, and to bring
iato contempt, by promoting
(ding defcrtioai, and with im-
', even where there has been
caicS evidence of the faA.
T grofsly and Falfely propa-
r gntruthg concerning iheCQ.
e arrival of the 64.th and 65th,
ardoar feemingly began 10
i it being too exicnfive to
iff (b many ; and attempts of
Lind rendered too dangerous
the nambers. But the fame
revived tm mediately on its
known that thofe regimenti
ordered for Hal i fax, and
tver &nce their departure been
iog out with greater violence,
their embarkacion, one of
JuDicei, thoroughly ac-
ted with the people and their
ioni, on the trial of the 14th
.cnt, openly and publickly, in
earing of great numbers of
e, and from the feat of
!. declared. " that the foldien
DOW take care of ihemrelves,
■mft M mutb IS tbiir armi, for
Mere but a handful; that the
itanci carried weapons con-
1 under their cloaths, and
. deflroy them io a momenti

if ibtj fUfifid." This, confiderJng
the malicious temper of the peo-
ple, was an alarming circumftance
to the foldirry. Since which fevr-
ral dtfpuiei have happ'med between
the towns people and foldiers of
both regiments, the former being
enconraged thereto by the connle-
nance of even fome of the Magi.
Urates, and by the protection of all
the party againft Government. la
general fuch dilpates have been
Kept too fecrei from the Officers.
On the ad inllant; two of the spth
going through one Gray's rope-
walle, the rope-mal^eis infultingly
a&ed them if they would empty a
vault. This unfortanately had the
deCred effefl by provoking the fol-
diers, and from words they went
to blows. Both pariiei f|iffered ia
this affray, and finally the foldier*
rf tired to their quarters. The
OtScers. on the firft knowledge of
(his tran^aflion, took every precao-
tion in their power to prevent any
ill Goafequences. Noiwithflanding
which, lingle quarrels could not
be prevented ; the inhabitants con-
ftantly provoking and abuling the
foldiery. The inWence, a: well
a* utter hatred of the inhabitants
to the trt>ops, increafed daily; in-
fomuch, that Monday and Tuefday,
the 51b and 6;h inftant, were pri-
vately agreed on for a general en-
gagement ; in confcquence of
which feicral of the militia came
from the ci^untry, armed, to join
their friends, menacing to deftroy
any who ILouId oppofe them. This
pUn has lince been difcovered.

On Monday night, about eight
o'clock, two foldicrt were attacked
and beat. But tbe party of the
towns people, in order to cany
matters to ihe utmofl length, broke
into inx) Meeting Hoofci and rang

m * ■!■•

ai6 ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

the alarm bells, which I fuppofed half circle, kept them at ^^^^

was for fire as ufual, but was foon diftance. Nay, fo far was V ^T^

undeceived. Abcut nine fome of intending the-death of any '^^

jthe guard came to and informed that [ fuifered the troops i

xne. the town inhabitanrs were af- the fpot where the onhaf»

fembling to attack the troops, and took place, without any k

that the bells were ringing as the their pieces* nor did I

fignal for that purpofe, and not for orders for k>ading them,

fire, and the beacon intended to be mifs condod in me peril

fired to bring in the dillant people cenfure ; yet it is evidenc

of the country. This, as I was ing from the natare o!

Caputn of the day, occafioned my which is the beft and fnrei

repairing immediately to the main be offered, that my in

guard. In my way there I faw the not to »St offeofively, bat

people in great commotion, and trary part, and that nc

heard them ufe the mod cruel and compuliion. The mob ftl

horrid threats again ft the troops, fed, and were more oi^^ ''

In a few ininutes after I reached ftriking their clubs or W^Z. '^^^

the guard, 4bout an hundred people one againft another, ancl ^

pafl'ed It, and went towards the out, * Come on, yon Rafc^^^^

Cullom Houle, where the King's * bloody Backs* you Lobfler "^25

money is lodged. They imme- ' drels ; fire if yon dare,

diately fprrounded the centinel ' you, fire and be damn'd;

poded there, and with clubs and ' yea dare not ;' and modi

other weapons threatened to eze- fuch language was ufed. A.

cute their vengeance on him. J was time I was l^tween the feldiet ^

foon informed by a townlman, the mob, parleying with uu^^ ^

their intention was to carry off the deavouring all in my power to ^1^

Ibldier from l^s poll, and probably fuade them to retire peaceably ; ^ {

murder him. On which I defired to no porpofe. They advancw ^

him to return for further intelli- the points of the bayonets, ftrtf^

gence ; and he foon cai]ie back and fome of them, and even the mil' <

aiTured me, he heard the ropb de- ^les of the pieces, and feem*^ to tl :

clare they would murder hin>. This endeavouring to dofe with ill

I feared might be a prelude to foldiers. Qn which fome we]l*bs-

their plundering the King's cheft. h^ved perfons aflced me irthegtn

I immediately fent a non-co(n- were charged; I replied, yes. They

miiTioned officer and twelve men to then aikeq me iif I intended to ordei

protedl both the centinel and the the men to Ere ; I anfwered no, by

King's money, and very foon fpl- no means ; obferving to tbeni, tJHt

lo^cd myfeir, to prevent (if poffi- J was advanced before the maaaln

ble) all difuruer ; fearing left the of the men's pieces, and mnft M

oHicer and foldiery, by the infults a facrifice if they fired; that tJK

and provocations of the rioters, foldiers were upon the half-cod(

fhould be thrown off their guard and charged bayonets, aod ■/

and commit fome raih ad. 'ihey giving the word fire, on tboie ci^

fcoii ru(hed through the people, cumAances, would prove me m

^ad, by charging their bavonets ii> officer. While i was thus fpeikiof.

PPENDIX to tht CHRONICLE. [117

I (oMiert, hawne received nuking ready to fire again, whick

■low with a Kick, ftepped I prrrenced by flriktng up their

■ one fide, and inftaaily firelocks with my band. Immedi-

I which turning lo, and ately at'ier a lawnfman came and

m why he fir^ without toM me, that 4 or jooo people

wai ftrack with a club on were aHembled in the neat llreet,

which Tor fome time de- and had fworn to take my life with

: of the ale of it j which every man'f with me ; on which f

I it been placed on my judged it onfafe to remain ibera

ill prubably would have any longer, and therefore Tent the

ne. On tb;a a general patty and fcntry to the mainguard*

s made on the men by a and when thc;|r arrived there*

iber of heavy clubs, and telling them off into llreet firingi.

being thrown at them, divided and planted them at eack

all our live* were in im- end of the Areet lu fecare their

ianger; fome pcrlont at rear, momently expcSing an at-

time from behind calling tack, as there waa a conflant of

mn yoar bloodi, why do of the inhabitants, " To arms, to

I fire?' Inftantly three or arm^— :nrii oat with yoor guns/*

te Ibldicri fired, one after and the town drums beaung ta

and direAJy after three arms. I ordered my drum to beat

the lane confiifioa and to arms, and being ibon after
joined by the different companiea

lob then ran away, except of the 19th regiment, I formed

happy men who inllanily them as the gnard into llreet

in which number was Mr. firings. The '14th regiment alio

whofe rope walk the prior got under arms, bat remained at

00k place i one more is their barracks. 1 immediately feat a

1, three other) arc danger- Serjeant with a party to CtJonel

d four flighily wounded. Dalrymple, the commanding Ofi*

Icof this melancholy affair cer, to acquaint him wiih every

fafted in almolt twenty particular. Several Officers going

On ray i&ing the foldi- to join their regiment were

they fired without ordm, knocked down by the mob, one

1 they heard the word very much wounded, and his fword

and fuppolcdit carne from taken from him. I'he Lieutenant

it might be the cafe, ai Ciovernor, ar.d Colonel C«rr, weto

' the mob called out, foon after met at ihe head of the

ire," but I aflured the men I9ih regiment, and agreed that the

re no fuch order, ihat my regiment ihould retire to tbtir

re, " Don't lire, Itopyour barracks, and the people to their

lo Ihort, it wai fcarce houfei ; but 1 kept tlte piquet 10

or the foldiers to know llrengihen lh< gu:ird. It was with

fire, or don't fire, or Itrp great difficulty that the Lieuienant-

tg. On the people's al- Oovernor prevailed on ihc people

again to take anay the to be quiet and retire: at lad ihey

iei. ibe fol-ieri, fuppofing all went off, excepting about a

oing to attack them, tvcrc hundred.

ACoua*

ai83 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

A Council was immediately

called, on the breaking up of Jn Account tf tbi Trial ^
which, three Jullices met, and Prejion, at Bofiom, m
sfTued a warrant to apprehend me EtigloMj.
and eight Soldiers. On hearing of

this procedure, I inllant^y wcni to ' ■ ^HE Trial began on ^
the Sheriff, and furrendcred my- X day the 24th of 0£lol

fclf» though for the fpace of four was continued from day

hours I had it in my power to have Sunday excepted, till Toe

jnade my efcape, which I mod un- 30th. The witneiTei who «

doubtedly (hould have attempted, a mined on both iidcs amou

and coold ealily have executed, about 50. Ihe Lawyers

had I been the lead confcicus of Crown were Mr. Barne 1

any guilt. On the examination Samuel Quincy ; for the ]

before the Jollices, two witneflcs Mr. Auchmuty and Mi

fwore that I gave the men orders to Adams. Each of tbcoi fpol

£re; the one telUfied he was within hours at leaft. About Mood

two feet of me ; the other, that I the judges began their

fwore at the -men for not firing at Judge Trowbri(ige, who fpc

the firft word. Others fwore they entered largely into the co

heard me ufe the word, fire ; but tory accounts given by tj

whether do or do not fire, they neiles, and declared, that it

could not fay ; others, that they appear to him that the

heard the word fire, but could not gave orders to fire; bat if 1

fay if it came from me. The next mould think otherwife, aa<

day they got five or ^x more to proved that he did give fad

fwear I gave the word to fire. So the queltion then would n

bitter and inveterate are many of be, What crime is he gui

the malecontents here, that they I'hey furely could not call

are induilriouily ufing every me. der — -Here he explained ill

thod to fiQi out evidence to prove of murder in a yicry dlftin^

it was a concerted fcheme to mur- ner, and gave it as his (

der the inhabitants. Others are that by law the prifbner 1

infufing the atmoft malice and re- guilty of murder ; obfervii

venge into the minds of the peo- the King had a right to i

pie, who are to be my Jurors, by troops here; that the Coron

faKe publications, Votes of Towns, Offi.er of thefe troops had

and all other artiiiccs. That fo, to place a Centinel at the <

from a fettled rancour againll the houfe : that the Centinel

Otlicers and Troops in general, the there on the night of the

Cuddenneis of my Tri.il after the March was in the King's

•tTdir, while the: peopk*s minds are that he durit not quit hi

all greatljf infiamed, 1 am, though that if he uas iniulicd or a

perieclly innocent, under mofl un- the Captain of the Guan

|iappy circunulanccs, having uo- right to protect him ; tJ

thing in realon to expert, but the prijoncr and his party, wb

lofs of life in a very ignominious there for that purpofe, were

manner, without the intcrpofition of King's peace; that while th

M.ijeli>*» jjAice j^nd goodiicfs. at the culWm houft^ ior tl

APPENDIX to the CHRONICLE, (jt^

' prauAiag the ceotinel, it and that be wonld not forego a

lainlf pror«d that he had momeiit't peace of conrcience for

fliolied by a great number "' ■ - '

lie ; that the people airem-

cre were not in the Ktng'i

but were by law con&dered

toiu mob, at they attacked

ifoaer and hii party with

of ice, Itick), and clabi ;

the applaufeof milliong. He agreed
in fentimcDi with the former
^udge, that the prifoner waa not
guilty.

Judge CuQiing fpolce next, and
igreed entirely with the other two,
with regard to (heprilocer'tcafe.

[ even one of the witnefTei

him, confefled he w» armed

tlighland bToadfword ; that

eri bad knocked down one

fbldieri of - the party, laid

' feveral of their muOcets,

It, before the foldiers iired,

• was, Knock then down!

■ ! Kill them ! That all this

ra to by the witneOei, and

Jary believed them, the
coald not be found guilty ,

er. He then prcceeded to fo much to the

i^at ilie law confidered at in general." The Jury

lighter, aad oblervcd, as

that if they gave credit to

leflet, who telli&ed the af-

ade oa the prifoner and hi.t

they coald not find him

f man'fliughter, and con-

ritll faying, that if he wis

r any offeoce, it could onl)-

bble homicide; that thii

'fbanded on the fuppolitinn

rifoner'a having given or-
fire, for if this was not

tbey mult acquit him.
Oliver, who fpoke next,

itb reprcfeniing, in a very

and pathetic manner, the

ad outrages which he, and

n through him, had re-

I a former occafton (mean-
trial of Kichirdfon) for

his opinion iu a point of

II, notwithSanding. he was

to do bis duty to hit Cod,

, and bii country; that he
both infulu and ihrean.

Judge Lyndes concluded. He
(poke a confidcrable time, and waa
of the fame opinion with the other
Judges. Towards the dofe of hta
fpecch he fkid, " Happy I am U
find, that, alter fnch &n& examine
tion, the condnA of the prifoner
appears in lo fair a light ; yet 2
feel mylcir, at the fame lime, deeply
affefted, that this alFatr turns oat
To much to the difgrace of every
pcrfon concerned againfl him, and

turaed
verdifl, Nat ^mrl/j. He waa
immediaiely diicharged, and is now
in the CaJlle. Great numbers at-
tended during the whole trial,
which was carried on with a &>•
Icmn decency.

Acaanttfthi Trial ef Muage Camf*
b(U,far ibt Marker if AUxaadtr^
Earlcf Egli^gltMM.

TH E account oF the prifoner,
of the fad for which he was
tried, and the law by which he
was condemned to die for mariicra
arc in ftibAance ai follow :

Mungo Campbell was bom at
Air, in Scoilana, in (he year I7ts.
being in the 58th year of bis age,
when the difpate happened in
which Lord Eglingioun was killed.
He was one of 14. children, anj
hii father was ProvSA of Air, a
ma much rcfpeflcd as a mer-

aao] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

chant and a magiftrate, and de- be among his relations and firieidi
fcended from the noble families of in his native fpot.
Marchmont» Lottdoun* and Ar- Upon thu doty lie entered ia
gyle. HAving* however, a large 17469 four and tiventy yean ago»
family, and fullaining many con- and was at length finally ftaoooed
fiderable loflcs, he died, in indif- at Saltcoats, where he woaU
ferent circomftances, and bis chiU have chofen rather to cootiniiCt
dren were difperfed among the re- than to have been raifed to a higbcr
lations and friends of the family, office, which would have carried
Mango, who at his father's death him from his native fpoc. Being
was an infant, was taken by his known and eftecmed by the neigh-
godfather, who dying foon after- bouring gentry, he had licenca
wards, left him about 1000 merks*, from £ord Loudoan* and miay
and recommended him to a rela- others, to hunt apon thdr groaadi,
lion, who educated him with his with authority to prefenre the
own children^ till he was about gam^, and profecute noacben.
18 years old. He had, however, no fnch liceace

As he had not money enough to from Lord Eglingtoon. Of theie
go into trade, or to fupport him licences he did not avail hiflilelf
in a conrfe of ftudy for any of the often, being, efpedally of latt
learned profeflions, . he inlifted in time, infirm, having a difivderia
the Scots Greyi, a regiment which his breaft, and a lameneCi fnm i
was commanded by a namefake broken leg ; he ufed now and ihn
and relation, from whom he hoped to kill a little game ai prefenis for
preferment He ferved in this his friends, but never fi>ld a bird
corps 12 years, and was, among in his life, uor was ever confider-
other engagements, at the battle ed as a common fowler or poackft
of Dettingen, yet he obtained no In the year 1766 he fold his poii- {
preferment ; he was once offered ter, and never afterwards had a
a Quarter-Maller's place, worth dog ; but he kept his gan, which
about 300 i. if he would advance was neceflary, as the fmagglen,
ICO 1. but not being able to pro- whom it was his duty to detedt
cure fach a fum, he foon after ob- always went armed, and with kit
twined his difcharge, which is gun he fometimes (hot fparrovii
oated 1744. and fometimes gulls, as he pafled

In 1745* he returned into Scot- along the (hore. Lord Egliog-
land, where he found his country- toun, who was very ftrid ia pet*
men in arms againft each other ; ferving the game, prohibited all
he accompanied his Chief and perlbns from fifhing in the waters
ktnfman. Lord Loidoun, in the of Garnock by t>ublick adveniic*
highlands ; and after their return, ment ; and Campbell, to avoid
his Lordthip procured him a com- all poflibility of o£^ndiog hit
miflion as officer of the Exrife, Lordfliip in this particular, gave
with a recommendation to itation a«ay his filhing rod, which waa
kim IB Ayrcihirej that he might very curious and valuable^ to aa

* About 55 1. I as, llcriiug.

acquuDtanco

ifeMCC of tiis LordQiip't,

^.^pciieOv however, that
rbcll ODG dlf liA Tpring, being
p (carch of fmggglcii gooiii,
' ae oiheri, fa* j '

APPENDIX to the CHRONICLE, [ist

filled to tike hii ^n from hinii
he ivould bive lliot him.

If [he tclliinoii]' of ihcfe wimefTei
Xi true. Campbell'i aflVrtion (hat
Lord Eglingioun never MOuld have
demanded hii gun, but for the in-
ft « bnOi It the lide of the lligation of Battleymotc, ia fvlfe.
tiy on Lord Eglingcoun's Banleymore, boweveri appear*
td»t which, be fiyg, parity to have been much more crimiaal
fuffriu. and poltbly from than any trefpari to Ihoot game
aftigaiion of ihofc wiih him, could make Campbell. This fcl-
ia, baving before fhot two low, a favourite fcivant of Lord
in the courfe of their walk. Egiingtouo'i, abofing hts Lord's
w6 Eglin^Eoun, who wu ihea confidence, employed his horfe*
irk Hwlc vtry near the fpot, and h;» cart lo frouggle goodi.
I the gun. and difpaichcd a Oo the Sih of Uft July, Campbell.
at to enqaiie about i(. Camp- in conleqacnee of previous infor-
leUted ine dR, a> it ii related maiion. detefled him driving off*
but Lord Eglingtoon not be- 80 gallons of rum wiih a care
ttiificd, feni the fervant back and horfe of Lord Eglingtoun't.
one Baitleymore, another Campbell and hii afliliaott feized
»t, and required Campbell to the lum, but the hnrfe and care
I to him. appearing to be my Lord's pro-

t sccotdingly returned with perty, ivere not taken, nor con*
I U> liu L«td(liip, who ufed detuned with the reft. It may ea-
f barlb«tprclIions, but Camp- fily be fuppofed, that thii event
adnng bii pardon, and pro- produced much enmity between
IK never more to olTend, they Campbell and Bartleymore, efpe.
|a, ai ke Uyt, without any cially on the Ade of Bartleymote
kml being made of hii gun, who did the wrong. What intiu-
I EgiingiouQ knowing that be ence it Iiad in the faul affair of
no poacher. the 34th of October, the reader

iitt ate, however, two ere- mull judge.

I wimefleii lieuienanti in the On the morning of that day*
I, who fwcir that being in about ten o'clock, Campbell, ia
wiy with Campbell at Salt- company with one Bro
, and talkin

ptiniipaliy.

from Saltcoait,
I he fay*, with a
e fcveral placet that
were the known haunti of faing.
glen, but at the lame time la
amufe ihemfelvei by iboating ; for
not petutlcd in the demand ; both (hefe puipufen lliey propofed
k* had then told hit J.otdlhip to walk from Salicoati to Montfod
oold raihii die than pait wiih bank, by a common road that Ir^
I Adding, with an oath, through lord Eglingtoun't ground),
I Eglingioita hud ['cr- and icurn by anoibet aWg the

iea-

about gai
{pbcll fa.a ih'at he had b
«])' challenged by Lord Eg-
oaa for (hooting a liare. ai '

kia Lordfhip had threa'.em
dee hit gun from '

222] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

feafborc. They had no dog, nei-
ther had Brown a gun ; they pro-
pofed only to look for a woodcock
en Monc&)d bank, which was not
game, and therefore Campbell had
no need of Dr. Hunter's licence,
Vfrbich, huwever was in his pocket.

When they arrived at Montfod,
aboot three miles diilant from Salt-
coats, they fearched the wood for
a cock, but found none ; and then
paffed from Montfod over the Burn,
into Lord Eglingtoun's grounds,
and walked along the ihore within
the fea mark, looking for a ihot
of Plover.

In the mean time, Lord Egling-
toan fet out from his houfe in a
coach, attended by one Wilfon,
called a ^f^right, who was employ-
ed in fome of his Loraihip's works,
John Millikin, John Hazel, John
Cooper, and James Hucchefon,
fervants, on horfcback ; they (lop-
ped fome time at Park Houfe,
to the N. W. of Saltcoats, where
they were joined by Bartleymore,
and propofed to go on to Addrof-
fen and fairly. When they got
about half a mile from Park Houfe,
io their way to Fairly, one of the
fervants having difcoverect. Camp-
bell anvi Brown, told Lord Egling-
toun that he cbferved more (hoot-
ers, having feen fome that day be-
fore : Wilfon endeavoured to di-
vert his Lord(hip from taking no-
tice of them, at they had a |.>re(ty
long ride before them ; but he afk-
ed who they were, and being told
by Bartleymore that one of them
was Campbell, he came out of the
coach, and mounting a horfe which
was led by one of his fervants,
n^iihout whip, (lick, or weapon
of any kind, he rode towards the
pcrfons he faw, who were retired
Irom the ground where they had

been firft difcovercd, tr: ^
fea- fa nds ; when h « ' ^sSH

about ten yards of them, I
" Mr. Campbdl, 1 did not
to have fooa4 you (b ibon 1
upon my grounds, after yo
mife when you fliet the ha
the fame time demaiKliDg h
Campbell TtfuM to ddii
upon which Lord EgKngcoi
his horfe a kick, having i
on, to get nearer to him;
bell retreated, and defii
Lordfhip to keep ofF, poin
gun towards him, not rai£i
his (boulder, but having h
upon the lock ; Lord £gi
then flopped his horfe, a
fmiling, ** Are yoo going
me ?*' to which the other
ed, <' I will, if yoa do n
off." Lord Eglingtoutt th
mounted and faid, that if
his gun he could (hoot pre
too; and immediately ca
John Hazel, who was n«
" John, brine; me my gonj
zel accordingly went back
coach in which the gan U
giving it to Milltkio,
^rvant, ordered him to i
as fall as poffiblc to my Lon
likin took the gun, but ii
his office to take care of th
and carry the ammuniti
knew it was not charged ; h
ed it, however, endeavoa
charge it as he yrent along.
In the mean time. Lord :
t^'un advanced fome Sept
Campbell, leading hia horfi
hand, and many times defii
to deliver up his gun, wbic
often refufed; Lord £g|
then dropped the bridle,
Wilfon, being at haad, tc
and continued to advance
Campbell^ who Hill retired

APPENDIX to the CHRONICLE, [jjj

ockwvd >Dd femetimei attaclced Campbell, who had re-

, bat alwa^i pointtng his covered hii le^, and endeavogred

lardi Lord Eglingcoun. to fecare him i Campbell ftill flood

is Lordlhip wa* thui ad- upoo his defeoce, and won td have

or dodging, Campbdl wreded the gun fiom Millikin if

E beg your pardon, my Bartleymore nad not run lo hia

-<o which my Lord ie< affiftance: in the Jlrnggle thejr

ell then, deliver me yonr gave Campbell feveral fevere blow*,

■■pbell faid again, " I upon which Lord Eglingtoun calt-

bn, my Lord, 1 will de- ed out "don't ofe him ill." When

nil to no man, keep off, he wai fecured, one of die aiten-

a I will flioot vou:" after danti carried faim up to my Lord*

rtber altercation, which who was lying upin the ground t

beard by any of the by- and my Lord looking at him, fatd.

Bartleymore came np and " Campbell, 1 would not have OiK

ir God'i fake, Mr. Camp- you," to which the unhappy wretcli

iver up your gun to my made no reply.
CO which Campbell replied Lord Eglingtoun wa* boma to

I DM, for that he had a hi) coach, and in that carried back

carry a gun ; Lord Eg- to hit houfe. Campbell having

Cud, " yon may have a fab handi tied behind him, waa

;arry i gun, but not upon carried prifoner to Salicoati : upoa

la without ray liberty." his way thither he was alked what

I replied, " f afk your hia gun wai charged with ? to

' IM ftill continuing to which he replied, " it did not Gg.

with the gun pointed to nify, as he had got as much at-

lingtoan, and his thumb would do for him, if he was all the

cock, he ftrock hia foot £arli in Scotland." He wu far-

. fbne and fell backward, ther aOced if he waa not Ibny for

•he force of the hXl, the what he had done? to which he

op, and palSng the per- replied " No, for I woald yield

u, pointed backwards, my gun to no man ; if it was to

[lingtoun feeing him lie do. 1 would do it agatut for I

ack, ftopped a little, and would rather part with ray lif«

■cd his left foot, as if in. than my gun."
» pifs by Campbell's feet ; The witneiTji all Teemed to agree,

ck he THfed himfelf upon that during ihe altercation botk

w, pointed the gun at my Lord and Campbell appeared

lingtoun, and fired it into to be angry. Brown, the tide-

ide of his body, not be- waiter, who was with Campbell*

three yards diQant. ran away almoft as foon as Lord

u dme Millikin was got Eglingtoun came up.
boat twenty yards with About nine o'clock in the even-

linginon's gon ; but Lord ing of the fama d.iy. Lord Egting-

an having received the toun wai vilited by a furgeoo ;

hia band upon the wonnd, when he entered the room, hia

I few paces, and faid he Lordlhipi who was in bed, faid, I

Millikiit tuOied fiirwatds, am glad to feo you, but yon can

424] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

be of no nre to me now, it it all of the reTenne to begin «i
over. Upon feirching the woand, ing the goodi, leaviag i
the jbot ippeireJ to tuve entered wanlt to be tried wlwth
the left fide, and torn the boweU have been joAly leixei
in their pafTage to the tight, in a S^ly, It ii of no moment
dreadful manner; Tome part haJ the prifoner wh or was no
entered (he liver, and the belly Earl'i ground aihcn the |
wat till! of exiravai'aied blood : hii demanded ; he had been i
Lorolhip died a liitlc after twelve liarl'i ground immediitel)
u'dock. under the Eul'i obiervat

It wai urged in defence of the u it mud be prdumedt
prifoner upon the trial, til, " ihat he wai there wit!
the gun went off by accident, adiy.
That fuppcAng it to have been
tired with a» iniention to kill,
the afl W3> juftifiaiU, being dur
apon jull provocation, and in de-
fence of property and life. And,
jdly, Suppoting the fadnotjulU-
fiible, it could not be murder,
the homicide being tudJcn,

daring an affray, and not from nnd to have hit body givea
malice. Monro, profeflbr of anitt

It was anfwcrrd, firll, that there be diiTefled ; but on the

kill game if he hid fbai
the Earl had the Ikmo i
Icize hi) gun ni if he hai
wiih him t>erore he left the j
fu that the aA not being ja
waa under thelie drcnai
murder.

He wai fentenced is b«
on the iithday of April tlu

It indubitable evidence of Cat
betl't declaring an inttntion Co kill
the Earl if he pLrJilled in the af
tempt to feize hit gun. adjy.
That the fajt, if iniiuthnai. waa
not jnitiliahle, for iheCe rcaroni :
ift. There wa» i>o provocation,
nothing but wordi bring pretend-
ed, and word) not bei^ig eltecmed
provocation in law. adiy. The
Earl h:td ■ right to feive the pri-
loner'i gun; lor by net 13, pirl.
1707, ii ii e. ,rc(ly t

February, the day after I
paiTed upon him, he hangt
feir, by faAening a handkn
the end ofa form which ho
right for that purpofe.

warrant From the pru
the penal. y, am.'.

.il pre

the

app'

rhiiul-r

»•»« C>f, i/ « Lttttf Jt
Cammillit efibt Smffrttr,
BM cf Right, It ibt H»*
tbt CemmtHi littji tf .
if Sttith Qartlimttt >■ At
list LiHir fnm ibt J^i
Stuib Carolina, t*KetrMmi
Jfnpiitii la lb* Sttitlj »f
luaJrtd Ptundi Sttrli^g,

To di Hin. CtmmMi Htmfi

jtmilj t/S*mlb CartSim

in law, for all llaiuii.-)
fwDggling authorize the <

VV ciety, Supporten
Biilo/ Righii, to I ' '

APPESbiX to the CHRONiCLEi '["J

unki. for the very honour- tween taxition and reprefentaiioii
fliatODy yon have at once i* iu neceflary cot.requence. Tbii
f yowowti rcniimeitts, and conaexioa is now broken, and
taxes are atiempced lo be levied
both in England and America, by
men who are ntit their Tefpedive
reprefentativei. Our caufe is one-^
oar enemiei are the fame. We
truft our conflancy and condoft
will not diiTLT. Dcmandi, which
are made withoac authority, fhoald
be heard without obedience.

In this, and in every other
either

approbation of their coa-

« liune fpitit of n

affifbnce, which diAated
Me in oar favour, animate!
ciety. We fliall ever con-
le right! of all our fellow-
thronghont the Britifti em-
England, Scotland, Irelsnd,
neriea, al ftonet of one arch,

ch the happinefa and fecu- conftJiutional ftruggle
(he whole are founded. Such fide of the Ailantic, we wiUi to
have been our principle of be united with you, and are ns
if the fyltcm of defpotifm, ready to give ai to receive affift.
iti been adopted, had been ance:

TtAilly conduced i and we ' We defire yon, gentlemen, to
u readily have aflbciated in be perfuaded, that, under all onr
leacc of yoor righu ai oar domenic grievancei and apprehen-
ad they been feparately at- fions, the freedom of America it
our particular attention ; and theft
a Providence bai mercifully your pebiic x& and folemn engage-
I to depraved hearts, weak ment, afford us a pleafmg prelagei
andings ; the attack has and confirm onr hopci, that, when
aade by the fame men, at luxury, mifnile, and corruption.
Be line, on both' together, fhall at length, in fpite of all re-
ill ferve only to draw as filtance, have deftroyed thig noble
n one great band of mutual confliiution here, our poRericv
lip ard fupport. will not, like your gallant ancei-

lilA the Norman troopi of tors, be driven to an inhofpiiablA
} Wiliiam kept the Englifh fhore, but will find a welcmne re-
efiion, hi* Englilh foldiers fuge, where they may Hill enjoy
the right* of Englifhmea amongft
their fellow fubjrfb, the defcend-
ant) and broiheri of Englifbrnen.
We are, gentlemen.

With the greatcft refpca.
Your mod obedient fervanti
and iScfliooate fellow-
Signed fubjeeii,
~ Chairman,

mployed to fecure thi
at the Normans. This ma-
eat hat been too often rC'
now to fitccecd.
lere was a time when Scoi-
boogh then a feparaie and
I Daiton, could avoid the

and rcfiifed, even under
wnStDant, to rnflave their John Gly

enemiei. The chiint. It
England and Scotland dif-
to forge for each other,
d and America fhall never

to fnrnilh.

operty it the natural right
iliind i the connexion be-

xi;i. [^]

JO.tNT,.V.NtON-.f •
RoBtKT DeRKARD.-J
JOJEPH MaWBEV, ( f

Jam(sTdwn9end, r ^

JOHH SAWBRIOCti J

[ Treafurctt.

AbfiT»a

226] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

AbflrM of an JS to regulate toe who have not ferved be infaf dcit.

Trialscfcontro'ijertedEUiiionSfOr Members excofed (hall not be

Returns of Members to ferve in deemed to have fenred; aadi

Parliament* Members verifying other excnfes

A^

their allegations are to be entered

S the prefent mode of dccifion, and, if the Hoafe reiblve that the;

upon petitions complaining are unable to ferve, they are wb

of undue eledlions or returns of excufed : Inllead of whon. otkci

Members to fcr^e in Parliament, are to be drawn to complete ih

frequently obflruds public bufincfs ; number forty-nine. PetitioMi

occaiions much cxpence, trouble, may name one, and fitting Mea

and delay to the parties ; u de- bcrs another, who may for lik

fe^ive, for want of thofe fanAions caufes be fet afide, or excufed, an

and (blemnities which are eflabliih- others nnmed. The door of tk

ed by law in other trials ; and is Houfe, that, during this bofioci

attended with many oiher incon« of chufug by lot, wu kept locked

venicncics ; for remedy thereof, it is then to be opened, and th

is hereby enabled, that, after the Houfe may proceed on other boi

prefent fcHion, on complaint of nefs. Lifts of the forty-nine ai

undue eledtion or return, a preaife to be then given to the petitioncn

time is to be fixed for confidering their Council, Agents, &c vk

thereof. The Speaker is to give with the Clerk, are to withdni

notice thereof, and order attend- and to flrike cff one altematd)

ance ; but not within 14 days till the number be redoocd b

after appointment of the Cora- thirteen. The Clerk, within on

snittee of Privileges. The Houfe hour, is to deliver a lift of ibea

may alter the time on like notice and they, wfth the nominees, ihil

and order. The Serjeant at Arms, be fworn a fele^ Committee, tai

before the reading of the orders of the Iloufe is to order them 10 nee

the day, is to require the attend- in twenty-four hours. On the par

ance of the Members, and at his ties witbrlrawitig, as aforefaid, tk

rcc jri: the Iloufe is to be counted, Houic (liall corainue fitting; ao

wli.cii ior want of a hundred Mem- the fifty-unc Members, fo cbofie

bcrs is to adjourn, till a hundred be and nominated, (hall not deps)

prefent. In preicncc of a hundred, the Houfe, till the time for il

the petitioners, with tneir Council, meeting of the faid feleA Cm

Agents, &c. arc to be ordered ti) miitec ftiali be £xed. Peduai

the bar ; and then th^ names of all ers, 5cc. declaring that any Mei

the Members of the Iloufe, arc to ber drawn is intended for a noB

be put into fix boxes or ^laiTcs ; tj nee, and the Member confenti'

be drawn alternately, and read by thereto, he is to fcrve as fac

the Speaker, till lorty-nirc be and :inoiher i» to be drawn to fa

drawn. \'oting Members at the ply his place ; but on neglect

cle£lion, or complainants, arc to be noniiiKition, deficiencies are to

fet aitde. All above fixty yearr: fupplicd by lot; leaving always,

old are excufed, or thofe who have teen as a lelcd comniittce. Prevv

ferved on a fcle A Committee in the to taking any fuch petition ii

lame (eflion, unlef> the number confidcraiion, the Clerk is to ]

APPENDIX to the CHRONICLE. t"7

Mtt of the Members dnwa thereon, ii to tbem ihall tetm

bos or pircel and uceft the proper. Perfons dirobeying Aim-

mod the Speaker ii to fell inoni, or p re vari eating, are to be

Be, and accclt the making up reported to the Ch^iirman. Whea

r ia hii prefence. The name* the Commiitee chafe to deliherace,

mber* uodrawn may be read the room is to be cleared. Quef-

Clerlc The Chairman ii to tiODi are to be determined by «

eSed out at the Mimberi majority, the Chairman to have k

by lot; aad. in cafe of cafting vote, and no determioaiioB

y in eledton, the Member to laKe place ualefi ihirteea be

awa to have a calling voice, prefcnt ; nor any Member to vote,

'elect Commitree i> impo*- who has not attended every lilting.

0 fend for perfooi, papers, The oath taken in the Houfe ia to
cord>; to examine witnelfes, be adminiftered by the Clerk, nd
termioe finally. The Houfe thofe before the felefl Committee
poo it to confirm, or alter, by the Clerk. The peaalile; on
turn ; or iflue a new writ for perjuty are extended thereto. Thu

eJeOion. The (e\t& Com- act ia to coaiinue in force feven

is not to adjourn for more years, and till the endof tne feSioA

iwemy-four bouri, without of Parliament next after the expi-

«ffd, if the Hoofe be then ration of the faid feveo year*, ud

, bafiaeft it to be flayed, and no longer.
. made for farther adjourn-

Snoday or Chriftmas-day ""^

■iag are not to be deemed JiftreB *f ax Aa, fir thi iMUr

td. A feled Committee-nan Prtjirvaiicii tf the Gemt, %oitbi»

to abfent himfelf without thai Part tfGrtai Britmin i^iltJ

nor the Commiitee to fit, till England.
» have not leave, be met.

ilarc of meeting within one ''p^HE game having of late bceo

1 farther adjournment ii lo X mnch deftroyea at improper
de, and reported with the feafoni, in that part of Great
Thereof. Ttae Chairman, at Britain called England : Por re.
ecting, is to report the ab- medying thereof, ie is hereby en*
, who are directed to attend aAed, that if, after June 24, 1770,
itting ) and cenfured or any perfon or per1on> Qiall wil-
:d at difcietion, unlef* un- fully, upon any pretence whaifo-
)1e abfence be proved. If ever, take, kill, or deOroy any
1 do not attend, the Com- hare, pheafant, partridge, moor
is to adjourn ; and if lefs game, heath game, or groufe, in
X days, then it is to be dif- the night, between one hour afKr
and another chofeo ; and fun-fetiing and one hour before
noceedingi are to be void, fun-rifing i or .ufe any gun, dog,
blntioni of ibe Committee, foare, net, or other engine tor
:hMi the determination of lakiog, killing, or dellroying any
iflt, nay be reported, and hare, phealant, &c, in the night ai
nfe nay mak« fucti order aforefaid; and Ihall be convicted

[^] 2 ihneof

1

aaS] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770^

thereof upon the oath or oaths of being conviAed thereof open th
one or more credible wicnefs or oath of one or more credible wii-
wicnefTes, before any one or more nefs or wxtnefTes, or by his or ber
juHice or juftices of the peace, for own confeffion, before any iho or
any county* riding, divifion or more jufticei of the peace for any
place ; every fuch perfon (hall, for county, riding, divinoD. or place*
the iirft offence, be imprifoned not (liall for the firft offence forfeit oot
lefs than three months ; and, for lefs than zo 1. aid charges of an-
other offence, not lefa than fix vidion ; or« till the penalty and
months ; and for each to be pub- charges are paid, be commiaed to
licly whipped. Offenders on Sun- gaol* for any time not exceedios
day, ufing any gun or engine for twelve calendar months, nor left
deflroying game, on conviSion are than Cix, or until the penalty nd
to forfeit 20 1. to be levied by diftrefs charges (hall be paid. A peribo
with charges, and to be applied to guilty of a fubfequent offience, it
the informer and the poor. For to forfeit not lefs than 30 1. and
want of fuch diflrcfs, the offender charges, to be paid to the inibmcr
is to be committed for any time not and the poor ; and on ooD-piy- ^
exceeding fix calendar months, nor ment, to be imprifoned is moBthsi
lefs than three. Perfons aggrieved and publicly whipped. Jafticesm
nay appeal to the quarter-leffions, to grant warrants to fearch for dogi \
giving fourteen days notice to per- ffolcn or their flcini ; and the per* i
fons complained againft. The juf- font, in whofe cuftody the dogior |
tices are to hear, determine, and thsir (kins are fband, are liable 10
award cofts; and their determina- like penalties. Perfons aggrieved
tion is to be final, and not to be may appeal to the qaarter-leSou.
removed by certiorari. j^^ourteen days notice of appeal irv

to be given. Juftices are to bev»

determine, and award cofts; tvi

Ahfiraa of an aa for preventing their determination is to be iittli

tht Stteding of Dogs. and net to be removed by certioi

rari.

THE pradice of dealing dogs
having of late years greatly ■ ■ ■

incrcafcd: For remedy thereof, it J„ Ahftraa of tht Aa for regifitri^

IS hereby ^naftsrd, that froai and ,^^ p^^^., ^^ ^^;^^ Corn isM\%

after ihc firft of May . 1 770. if any ^j,^ ^^.^^^/ Counties of GtM Bri-

perfou Ihall fteal any dug or dogs, ,^/^^ ^„j ,^g 9namtitj exttrtti

ot any kind or iort whatfoever, and imported. ^ ^ '
from (he owner or owners thereof,

or from any perfon or perlbns in- JT has by fome fatality liappea-

trulteJ by the owner or owners x ^d, that the preambles to Adi

thereof with fuch dog or dogs; or of parliament, which were fonneriy

fbail lelJ, buy, receive, harbour, of ^^reat ofe in explaining the rca-

defdin, or keep, any dog or dogs, ions for pailing them, have of Ian

of any kind or fort whaifoevcr, been very mucn ftiortencd, orwhol-

kn(^ing tht- fame to have been ly omitted; the preamble to this

^uleo ; every luch perfon, upon Ad only fuggefts, that a regiHer of

tte

APPENDIX to the CHRONICLE. ["9

vill be of public and general
age ; for which realon the
I uTihe peace for each county
»t Briiain, are required, at
qvaner feffioaif next afier
19. annaally n direjl returm
ude weckl/ of the pricei of
rje* barley* rati) and beana,
• many maiket-towni within
cfpeAtte conaties, ai they
■ink proper, sot being lei*
vo, DOT more than (ix ; ani
nai a proper perfon to fend
le to a perfon to be appoint-
rcceive them ; and in cafe
trkn fiiall die, negled blf
IT become incapable of per-
{ it, any two jultices aCting

:h the JDtticei may either
fnch appoioimcQt, or chufe

hia A&, the meal weigberi
ity of London are to take an
: ot the price* at the mar-
ithin the laid city, and re-
t aveiage weel<ly to the pcr-
otnted 10 receive the fame,
iailicet for each county Ih^ill
Jfo a ftaadard ^yinche^e^
of eight gallon! 10 be kfpc
' market town, from whence
turni ihil[ be made; and
lurnl Ihall be the average
y the cuDotnary mealure of
pedivemarket ; and alio by
.ocheHrr bufhvl.
Iii* AU the lord high trea-
empowered lo appoii

e then

L the

, and to enter them fairly
ok kept for [hat purpole ;
:xporti and impiTia of grain
d into Great Britiin. with
rti« paid and received there*

on, to be tranfmitted annnilly lo
th« GuDe perlbn, and regiAered ia
proper books by the perfon ap-
pfUDted to receive the returns of
the price* flvm the ftveral cmin-
tirs.

Nq falary ii allotted by this Aft
to the perion to be appointed at
the treafnrjr. It ii to continue ia
force for feven yean.

Mftraa tf an JS, ta frtvtat Dt-
lajii afJuftUi fy rrajim ff Privi-
Ugi t/Parliimtm.

IT it hereby enaAed. that from
the 24th of June next, any per-
fon may, at any time, commence
and profecutc any aAion or foil in
any court of record, or court of
equity, or of admiralty, and in all
caulej matrimonial and tcDamen-
tiry, in any court having cogni-
zance of caufu matrimonial ar.d
teftameniary, againfi any Peer or
ILord of parliameot of. Great Bri-
tain, or agaialt any of the knightt,
citizens, and burgejTei, and the
commiflioneri for fhirci and bur^ha
of the boute oF common* of Gieat
Britain, or againft their menial or
oiher fervant), or any other perion
intitlcd to the privilege Ot parlia-
ment of Great Britain ; and nu lucb
afiioD, fuit, or any other piocefi or
pfoceedin^ thereupon, fhiilt at any
time be impeached, ftayed, or de-
layed, by or under cobur or pre-
unce of any privilege of patlia-

It i« neverihelefi provided, that
ootbing in this aft Ihall emend, to
fubjefl the pttlon of any of the
mcmoer* of the houfe of cammo:ti,
to be Birelted or impriloueil upon
any fuch fuit or proceeding; but
whether by oeglcA or difi^n, nu.

APPENDIX to the CHRONICLE. [131

ciag biai oat, dnggei him Hreeu every piece of china ud

grouad over Hones and
U, ftruck him with their
ii clobi, kicked him. and
fpyioed at him, and treat-
with every poflible mark
^mpt mad cruelty ; till at

by a violent effort

glafi ware in the houfe, fcatlered
all his papers and booki in the
windj, feized all hi) ptatc. cafh,
and proclamation money ; entered
hit cellar, and gorging their Ra-
macbi with hii liquors, Aove and
threw in [he ftreeti the remainder;
and aflivity, he refcued being now drunk with rage, liquor,
rcilefi clawt, ar.d laMlefi fury, they took hii
wearing cloaiha, flack them on a
pole, paraded them in triumph
through the Ilreetf, and to ctoTe
the Icene, pulled down and laid
his hcufe in ruins. Hunter and
fijtier, two of the chiefs, iMp-
ping in buf, and beginning the

c flidter in a houfe

purfDed him there, and
1 a Aroke that will proba-
cy one of his eyes: in this
ind grievoufly maimed con-
ey left him for a while, re-
10 the court houre, knock-

, and very croelly treated heroic deed,

nty clerk of the crown, They then went to a large hand-

ihe bench, Ihock their fame church bcM, that Colonel Fan-

rer J-idge Henderfon, told ning, at the expetice of 60 or 70 1.

turn was next, ordered had made a prel'eac of to the church

wrfue baGners, but in the of Hilllborough, and fplit it to

hey fhould prefcribe, which pieces, and were at the point of

t no lawyers fltould enter pulling down the chorch, but their

•honfe, no juries but what leaders, thinking it would betray

lid pack, and order new their religious principle, rcllrain-

cafcs where fbmc of them ed ihem. Their revenge being not

caft for their maleprafti- yet latiaied on ihis UTwiappy geti.

7 then feized Mr. Hooper, tlcman, they again putfucJ mm,

nan of the Uw, dragged ag^m (.ruelly beat him, and ac

ledbim through the ftreets, length with doga hunted lum out

mI him with every mark of of town, and with a cmeliy more
'1 bit>od hounds, fl .ncd

lofed the grfl day. But
d day prerenied a fcene,
!, more tragic; immedia-
iheir difcovcring that the
d made his elcape from
', and refufcd to fubmit
Ute of lawlel) and del pe-
, they marched ii ■ body
1 Fanning's houfe, and on
iveo by their ringleaders,
tc fame, dellroyed every
arniiure in it, ript open

broke and threw in the places.

htm iiS he n.-d.

Wncn incy had fully g:uiied
their revenge on the Uy-.)CTi, and
particularly Colonel Panning, ca
(hew their upinion ol tnurts i.tjul-
tice, they to-.k irom his cnain; a
negrue that hid been ctecuted (ome
lime, and placed him ai ine law.
yer'i bar, and liUca the Judge's
feat with human e<icreiiii'iH. m
derifion and contempt ol ih^- cna-
adrrs ihu hll tbofc relpiciabte

ft^al ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

The Lord Mayor* s ^eries in Refpe3
to the Legality ofPrej's Warrants.

COPY.

are liable ; andytherefore^ >ltbo«gh
we do not think that the Lord
Mayor is compellable to back tke
warrants, or liable to any paoiik-

TTT?Dv miT u T J f "^"^ *" "fe of his retoUl. »•
UERY 1. May the Lords of ^Xx\n]L \t ri.ht to fabmii it lo bit

the Admiralty of themfelves, LordOiip's confid
Dy virtue or iheir commiUi ^n, or
under the diredlion of the Privy
Council, legally iflfae warrants tor
the impreflirj^ of Teamen ?

Q^ 2. If yea, is the warrant an-
nexed in point of form legal ?

fideration, whetker
it will not be more coadacive to tha
prefer vation of the peace of the 6x1%
and the protedlioo of the fobjdft
from oppreifion, if he conforms ia
this inHance to what we anderftanl
to have been the praQice of aot

i?t?* ^' u*'^ ^?'i ^^^""^ ''''"'r o^" i^»^ predeceiTors upon the like
peliable to back fuch warrants ; if o^raiion

he is, what may be the confeq[ucnce
of A refufal ?

** The power of the crown to
compel perfons parfuing the em-
ployment and occupation of Sea-
men to ferve the public in times
of danger and neceflity, which has
its foundation in that univerfal
principle of the laws of all coun-
tries, that all private interefl muft
give way to the public fafety,
appears to us to be well eilablifhed
by ancient and long continued
ufage, frequently recognized ; and
in many indances regulated by the
Icgiflature, and noticed at lead Wf^ y®"*" Majcfly's moft dad-
without cenfurc by courts of juf- VV ful, loyal, and afFedioute

Al. WEDDEaBUa'i

J. Glynn,
J. Dunning.

Nov. 22, 1770.

To the KING'S moft £xcelkiC
MajeAy.

The buinble Addrtfs of tbi Urd
Mayor t Sheriffs, Commons , «W
Citizins of the City of DnUa, it
Common Conncil aj^tmhied.

Moft gracious Sovereign,

tice; and we fee no objedlion to
tnis power being exerciicd by the
Lords of the Admiralty under the
authority of his Majwily's orders
in council.

*' The form of the warrant, as
well as the manner in which fuch
warrants have been ufually exe-
cuted, appear to us to be liable
to many confiderable objedions ;
lead us to think it the more expe-
dient, tl)at the authority of a civil
magiftrate (hould intcrpofc in the
execution of them to check and

fubje^ls, the Lord Mayor. Sherifii
Commcns, and Citizens of yctf
faithful city of Duulin, in coD-
mon- council animbied, beg leave
humbly to approach your Majefty
with the molt fmcere afliirance of
our Heady attachment to your Mi-
jeily's illullrious perfon and family*
and uur ardent v^ilhes that yoor
rcigi over us may be long, and
as tranfcendcntly diliinguilhed ai
your virtues.

Emboldened by our experience
of that attention which your Ma-

poQtroul the abufes to which they jelly alFoids to every pari of your

fnbje&i

APPENDIX to the CHRONICLE. [23}

, pennit ai, mofi grzcioiu

icpitfcat, at the foot of
aoae, that for fome defefli
prdent law relaiive to corn,
itid otker seceflarie) of life,
Uki afieAing the police of
y, and from the expiration
r^ icmporary Ratates, a G-

ia which we moll huml^ly
-e we can only be lelierea
meeting of Parliament, jroar
1 fubjedi of thi* metropolis
nee many and great diScal-
id apprehend yet greater.
Ion, mottgracioni Sovereign,
e prcTaiDe fortber to fobmit
1 parental goodnefi, that

public work', neccflary to
mmerce of tbii city, which
«gun and promoted by na-
bouniy, muit be indebted to
d bounty for their comple-

and that yoar fubjcAg of
netropolii. who, by large
ationi of the manafaduiei
eat Britain, have provided
leir domeftic GonfiuDptioQ,

whith in every alternate year io-
crcafes in proportion to the nam-
ber aflfembled for national bufind*,
do already feel a decay of their
trade and credit, even from a tern*
porary decreafe of inhabitant*.

Grateful for the many bleflinga
derived lo ua from yoar Majefty'a
parental affefiion, and confcioaa
that relieving the wanli of your
people facceedt to the knowledge
of them, we prefnme to incrnde
our care* Dpon your Majefly'a
more weighty concern* ; and hom-
bly befeech your Majefty to talcs
thefe onr circumftancei into your
Royal coofideracion, and to grant
ni fuch relief ai yoor Maje%
in yoor Royal wifdoia fball think
fit.

In teftitnony whereof we have
caofed the common feal of
the faid city lo be hereunto
affixed, thii twenty-ninth day
of Odober, in the year of oor
Lord One thoofand fcrcn
bundred and fevcniy.

^34] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

SUPPLIES granted by Parliament, f<

the Year 1770.

January 25, 1770.
1. ' I ^ HAT a number of Und-forces> loclodiDg
It one thoufand five hundred and twenty-two
invalids, amounting to feventeen thoufand fix hun«
dred and lixty-Ox effective men, commiffion and non-
com miffion officers ihcludedy be emfdoyed for the
year 1770.

2. For defraying the charge of this number of
cffe^ive men, for guards, garrifons. and other of his
Majedy's land forces, in Great Britain, Jcrfey, and
Guemfcy, for the year 1770 — — — — . 62499a 0

3. For maintaining his Majedy's forces and garri«
ions in the plantations and Africa, including thofe
in garrifon at Minorca and Gibraltar, and for pro*
vifions for the forces in Norih America, Nova Sco-
tia, Newfoundland, Gibraltar^ the ceded iAands, and

Africa, for the year 1770 — — — — 38324S I I

4. For defraying ihe charge of the diiFerence of
pay between the Britifh and Irifh ellabliihrneot of
£ve battalions and four companies of foot, ferving
in the Idc of Man, at Gibraltar, Minorca, and the

ceded iflands, for the year 1770 — — — 4533 >*

5. For the pay of the general and general ftalF-

ofliccrs in Great Britain for the year 1770 12203 l8

6. For defraying the charge of full pay, for 3^5
days, for the year i77o> to oiHcers reduced, with the
tenth company of feveral battalions reduced from ten
to nine companies, and who remained on half- pay

at the 24th day of December, 1765 45 '3 *^

7. For the paying of pcnfions to the widows of
fuch reduced officers of )ii:> Maje(ly*s land-forces and
marines, 9s died upon the cflablilhmcnt of half-pay
in Great Britain, and were married to them before

the 25ih day of December, 1716, for the vear 1770 664 o

8. Up^^n account of the reduced oucers of his

xnijefty's land-forces and marines, for the yev 177^ * 23233 a

9. For defraying the charge for allovvanccb 10 the
feveral cfiicers and privrite gentlemen of the luo
troops of hjrfe -guards reduced, a::d to the fupcr.ia-

DIU

APPENDIX to the CHRONICLE. [135

^ntlemea of the four troop of horfe- gaards,

Kelt 1770 1189 I J

or tile charge of the office of ordnance, for

rice, for the year 1770 — — ■■ 16698^11 j

'or defrajiing the exp^nces of fervicei pcr>

bf the office of ordnaoce. for laad-fervice,

ptOTided fbrby parliameat ia 1769 — — 40933 10 8

Frs

1362555 15 ,0

i6,coo iDCD be employed for the fea-ferwice,

ear 1773, including 4187 marinci. And

ifam, oot exceeding 4I. per man per month,

ed for maintaining ihe faid 16,000 men, for

h), including ordnauce for fet'lervice — 831000 o o

FB BR. U A R Y 6.

r tbe ordinary of the navy, including half-

a and marine officers, for the year 1770 406380 13 11

wards the building), and rtbuildii^s, and

•f ihipi of war in bis Majefty's yaidi, and

:ta worki, over and above what are propofed

le upon the headi of wear and tear and ordt-

• the year 1770 ^— ^ ^— 183687 o o

FEBauARY IS-
«ardi defraying the extraordinary expencn
lajefty't land forcei, and other fervice*, in-

the z6th oay of December, 1769, and not

fer by parliament — — -: 2j^26^ 10 9}

H Account, toward] defraying the charge of
ancn of Chdfca-borpital, for [he year 1770 112423 4 7

1869755 9 3i

Feb

■ defraying the expence* of
Jtiabhlhment of hij Majefty's colony of Weft-
and other incidental expences attending the
m the i^ih of June, 1769, to the Z4ih of

in account, for defraying the expence* of
.'fiabliOiment of hit Majelty'i colony of Eaft-
and other incidental expencei attending tbe
m the 14th of June, 1769, to the i4ih of

■a account, for defraying the charges of the
ililhment of hit Majelly's colony of Georgia,
- incidental expcnccs attending tbe fame,
14th of JunC) 1769^ to tbe a^th of Jane.

3086

. Upo*

63^] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1776.

4. Upon account, for maintainioe and fappertiog
tiie civil ^(lablifiimeDt of bis Majeft3rs colooy of Noirm

Scotia •for the year 1770 » ■ . *«^-« ^^3^ C

5. Vp^t^ atcounc, for defraying the expeneet at-
tending general furveys of his Majefty's dominions ia

Horth America^ for the year 1770 ■ t ■ 1885 ^

18760 ^

t. That proviiion be made for the pay and eloath-
ing of the militia, and for their fubiiltence doring
the time they (hall be abfent from home, on account
bf the annual exercife, for the year 1770

March i2.

i. On account, for defraying the charges of the
fciVil government of Senegambia, for the year 1770 5550 c

2; For paying off and difcharging the Exchequer-
I)i1l8 made oUt by virtue of an ad, pafTed in the laft
Ibffiori of parliament, intituled, * An a£l for raiting a
tertain fum of money, by loans or Exchequer-bills,
for the fefvice of the year 1769,' and charged upon
the firil aids to be granted in this fefllon of parlia-

inent i— — — — 18000C0 c

March 1%,

To be employed in maintaining and fupporting
the Britifh forts and Icttlemcnts on the coail of Ami*
ca, nnder the direction of the committee of a com-
pany of merchants trading to Africa sr 13000 0

M A R c H 1 9.
To enable his Majelty to aifill the inhabitants of
the ifland of Barbadoes, in defraying the expence of
cleanfing the channel, repairing the mole, and ren-
dering the harbour there more iafe and commodious 5000 t

1823550 <

March 29.

t. To make good to his Majefty, the like fum»
which has been iifued by his Majelly's orders, in pul*-
fuance of the audrelTes of this houle ■ 13100 <

t. Towards enabling the trullees of the Britilh
Mufeum to carry 011 the execution of the trull repofed
in them by parliament — -*- — .— — ■ aoco <

3. Totvards carrying on and completing an addi-
tional building, for a more commodious paffage to
the hoafe of commons, from St. Marg:irei*s-lanc, and
Old PaUce-yard — — — - — — *oco <

APPENPIX to the CHRONICLE, [tjj

ApuiL lo.

■CCDUti to en»l>U hii MijeSr to dikh»Tg»
u amag npoa the forfeited eflites in Scot-
nd alio for paying aod difcharging the price]
a be paid to the Lordi fnpeHort, for the par-

tke faperioritiet of, and likewife for iheir
f propertv to certain fpecified eftiitei ivhtch
feited in tnat kiagdoai ^■~- -- 7>ooo q g

:ptace to the liaking fiind the like faqi paid
lebme, to make good the deficiency on tl)e

of July, 1769. of the fund eflibliftied for
tanaiciei, in refpcA of five millions borrow^
vinne of an ad of the 31(1 Geor^ II. to-
le Apply granted for the fervice of the year

ake good the de£cicncy of the grant* for the

^ — — -^ S^l'i 7 si

i^fS? la jl

Apkii

190S7S o ij

Afcharge foch uofaiiified claiini and de- "

for expencet incorrcd during the late war in
y, at appear to be doc to the Landgrave of
:a£el, by the report* of the commiffioneti ap-

by hii majelly, for examining and Rating
iin I and demand* ■ ■■' ■' -■ 45565 IX Q

> be advanced to the governor and coinpany ■ » ■

merchant* of England, trading 10 the Levant

be applied in aSifling the (aid company in

; 00 that trade : 5000 O •

toa account, to enable the Foandling-hofpitil
tain and educate foch children as were re-
into the faid hofpiul on or befare the ajth

March, 1760, front the 31A of December,
iclafive, to the 31II day of December 1770,
:; and that the faid fuoi be ilTued and paid,
]le of the faid hofpital, without fee or rewardi
kduAion wbatfoever —- —.. 9659 9 o

€ .enabling the faid hofpital to put ont ap-

the faid children, fo ai the faid hofpital do
: yith one cbjld more than 7 1, ■ -■ 3500 o o

63715 11

lat the fum of one miliion fire Iiundred thou-
aadt capital ftock of annoitiei, after tke rats

ftjS] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770,

ofthree pounds ten (liillings per centam, eftabliihed
by an a^ made in the 29th year of the reiga of jiit
late Majefty king George the fecond, iatitiilcd« ' Aq
a£i for granting to his Majefty the fun of two millU
ons, to be raifed by way of anaaities and a lotteiy,
and charged on the finking fund, redeemable by par-
liament, and for extending to Ireland the laws made
in this kingdom againil private and unlawful lotte*
ncs,* be redeemed and paid off on the lath day of
February next, after difcharging the incereft thea '
payable in refpeA of the fame.

2. To enable his Majefty to redeem and pay off dbe

&id capital ftock of annuities ^ ■■ — — 1500000 0

3. To pay the benefit prizes ia the prefent lottery,

charged upon the fuppltes of the current year *— 500000 0

May 3.

1 . Upon account of the expences of the new roads
of communicKtion, and building bridges, in the high-
lands of North-Britain, in the year 1770 6998 lo

2. Towards paying off and difcharging the debt

ofthenaTy — — - ■ '— looooo c

May 8.

X. To enable his Majefty to make compenfation to
Francis Dalby, of London, merchant, for the da-
mages which the faid Francis Dalby hath fuffiered, by
the ftoppage and lofs of his fhip, called the Britan-
nia, at Mahon, by order of the late admiral Mat-
thews, and by the ufe, employment, and detainer,
of his (hip called the Francis, by order of the com-
manders of his Majefty's fleets ■ 6195 I

2. To enable his Majefty to make good the like
fum, which has been paid to feveral perfons in the
county of Southampton, as a compenfation, and in
full . fatisfadlion of their loffes and expences, incur-
red purfuant to feveral orders of council, for pre-
venting the fpreading of the infectious diftemper
among the horned cattle ■ ■ ■ ■ 795 •

May II.

2113990 (

i.To be advanced to John Hatfcll, Efq; clerk
of this hottfe, towards defraying the expence of
printing the journal of this houfe, from the end of
the'laft felfion of parliament to the end of this pre-
fent fellion, with a proper index thereto ■ ■ g^o <

2. To be advanced to fuch perfon or perfons as
the fpeaker of this houfe ihall authorize to receive

APPENDIX to the CHRONICLE [139

!, towardi further defraying tbe expeoce of

a general iadex lo the journaii of tbh hoofe joo o o

Mat 16.
rdt defraying the expeace of printing t>ne
1 two hnndrea and fifty copiri of fuch parlia-

and other recordi, as hit Majefty Ihall thinlc

al of the fnpplie* granted this feOion —

kJ MtoKi far rai/iHg lit frayed out of the monies arifing

Smpftj gramttJ la bit Ma- by [he land-tax graoicd for the

agrttd i» wr tb* felmuing fcrvice of the year 1 770.

. v/K. 13. That towards railing ib«
fuppiy granted to hit majefty, the

AMDAtr 39, 1770. ftim of ifSoOjOcwl. be raifed, bf

AT the dutiei apon malt, loans or exchetjuer-biili to be

num, cyder, and perry, be charged apon the Grft aids to be

ed from the ajd of June granted in the next fcflioD of par-

0 the Z4lh of June 17711 liament; and fuch exchequer- bil It.
irged upon all malt whi<:h if not difcharged, wiLh iuureft
: made, and all mum which ihEreupan, on or before the {tb

1 Bade or imported, and day ot April, 1771, to be ex-
■X and perry which Ihall be changed, and received in payment,
IT fale within the kingdom in fuch manner at exchequer- bill*
t Britain, 700,000!. have ufually been exchanged and

FeaauAtr 8. received in payment.

the fnm of jt. In the 29. That toivardi railing ihs

and no more, be raifed, fnpply granted to hit MoyOif,

Jte fpce of one year, from there be ilfucd and applied the

tb day of March, 1770, fum of 299.375 1. 61. 6^d, re-

andi, tenemenit, heredita- malniBg in ihe eichctjue.-, on the

penfiont, offices, and per- 5ih day of January, 1770, fiir

Uiej, in that part of Great the di.poCtic.-i cf psiHaoicnt, of

calkdEngland, Walei. and the m^-nlet which had thira aril^n

n of Berwick upon Twrcd ; of tb; forpluiTci, cxcenV.', or m-er-

t a proportionable cefi, ac- p'us mcnxt, and other fcvecuei,

to the ninth article cf :he c; npcfirg tiic fi:r.d, Coa\:zt,D\f

tf union, be laid upon thai called the fiskirg fui'j.

Great Briuin, called Scot- A p « : l 9.

.528,5681.1111^1. . That (he /urn of -40fl,'y;-; 1,

Ma«CH 3. whJis, hy £.T ia ma tie in r .- lajl

the charge ol the pay and kC-na oJ fariiair.-jr.t. in:;-!.;-*!,

g of the miliua, in that ' An a£t f^r cairvi-.g in'<> c-eLU.

Great Britain calleJ Lr.g- tioa cer.ii:. ;ri:,pi-,;i:i c.a > i,;- the

If one year, beginning ;r,e i-»ii.ir.;.(4 c^mp^.^y. ',■ • ir.e t,i/.

t/ of March, 1770, be dc- Cit;::c/tie a-ir.jal lu::. of !,'y^^'^.\.

J4o] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1776.

for a limited time, in refpofl to 6. That, towards makiaff pot

the territorial acquifitions and re- the fupply granted to his Mijt&j,

venues lately obtained in the £a(l- there be applied the fum of thir-

Indies,* is diref^ed to be paid» teen thousand five hoodrcd and

within the prcfent year, into the ninety-fix pounds, Ave flulliogi,

receipt of his Majeily's exchequer, and ten pence half-penny, re*

liy the faid company, be applied maining in the receipt of th^ «•

cowards making ^ood the luppiy chequer, on the cth day of Aprils

granted to hii Majclty. 1770, for the difpoBtion of Par-

Apkil 12. liamcnt, over and above the ftr*

1. That the bounties granted plus of the finking fund then ic-
on the Biiti'li and Iriih linens ex- maing for the fame purpofe.
ported, by an afl made in the 20. That the fum of one mil-
291 h year ot the reign of his late lion five hundred thonfand poundf,
Majcfty, be continued. capital flock of annuities, after

2. That the duties on the im- the rate of three pounds ten ihiU
portation of foreign raw .linen lings per centum, cAablifhcd hj
yarn made of flax, which are an a^ made in the 29th year oiF
taken off by the faid adl, be fur- the reign of his late Majefty Kiag
ther difcontinued. George the fecund, intituled, ' Ah

3. That a bounty be allowed on aft for grantin|t to his Majefty ik0
the exportation of Britifh chequed fum of two millions, to be raiM
and ilriped linens. And, by way of annuities and a lotterTt

4. That the fum of fifteen thou- and charged on the (inking fiinJi
fand pounds, granted by an n^ redeemable by parliament, ind
pafled in the fevcnth year of his for extending to Ireland the liwi
prefent Majelly's rci^n, intituled, made in this kingdom againft pri-
* An afl for granting to his Ma- vate and unlawful lotteries,' »ill
jcHy additional ciuticj on certain be redeemed and paid off on the
foreign linens imported into this izth day of February next, after
kingdom, and fur ellablifhiRg a discharging the interell then paf*
fund for the encouraging ci the able in iclpei^l of the fame, ag^ce-
rniling and dreiiin;; of hem;^ arid able to tiic claufcs and puwcri flf
flax,* be appropriated.— A bill or redLniptioa contained ' in the biii
l)ilh were ordered to be brought in adt.

upon the faid reriiutiun*. That any pcrfjn or porfons, bs*

^. That, towards making good dies pv)!iiic and corporate, who,

the fupply granted to his TvLijclly, beinj^ rtofltflcd of, or i milled to,

tl:ere be applied the fum of fcven annuities afier the rate cf fotf

hur.dred ind Icvci.ty-threc thou- pou- ds p-r centum, which were

f.tnd tw > hu'idred ;in(i ffiriy prunj<, con (olid;, if d by an r.cl ci the ftcood

fixtcen ihil!in::s an>i cmc half per., of his prefent Mdjeily, (hall, M

ny ; bcinp tJi«* iurjlus of tiie pro- or before the fevcnth day of May

duce of the I'lnkii.L; fund, frr the next, in hocks to be cpened at

quarter ended the 5th <i.(y of the b.mk oi I'n^land for that pu*

April, 1770, nmaini'ii; in the pote, lubfcribe their names, cf

Exchequer, !or the dllj^cfition of li-'nify their confent to accept, is

parliament. livu th^iccf', annuities liter tb«

rate

|NDIX to the CHRONICLE. [14.1J

■ per cenium. or rhe firll d»y of March, I77li71

I the J th day of or as fooa after *i ccriilicatet can

I, 1770, and (□ be added be prepared, wiihout any dcduc>

make ooe joint flock with, lion whatfoever ; and that every

■nnuitict confolidaicd by pcrfon pofTclTcd of, and holding.

of the 15th of George the fuch receipts, as afotefaid, who

and fcTcral fubfequent aft) Ihall pay in the whole of the mo-

ameoi, (hall, for rvery one ncy ta be paid on each tickec, on

I DOuadi of capital Hock fo or before the i^ch day of Augult

te, until the fcveral fumi next, fhall be allowed an intcreA,

ed ihall amount together by way of difcouni, after ihj rate

ntlliont live hundred thou- of three pounds per centum per

indt, be intitlcd to receive annntn on the fumi fo completing

bcu in a lottery, to COnUft his payments, refpeflively, to be

llKKifaad tickets, at the
buftcen pounds each ; and
try (ijch fublcriber, in can-
al flF (fucb fobfcripiion,
im > receipt frnm ibe
of tin Bank of Kngland
' pooodt, in part fut the
teen pounds for each ticket
t fucb fubfcriber fhall be
; ud Ihall pay. for and
a of every fuch ticket, t!ie
«ae pound,
1 day of June

puted from the day of com-
pleting the fame to the 25111 day of
September next.

That in cafe the full and intire
Turn of two millioni live hundreil
thoufaiid pounds, in the faid four
pounds per cenium aanuities, ffaall
not have been fobfcribed on, or
before, the 7th day of May next j
and that, in confequence thereof,
any number of licketj, in the faid
before lottery, ihall remain unfubfcribed
the for; any perfon or perfon,

1 of two pounds, on or at liberty to contribute for the pur-
be aoth day of July next ; chafe of fuch remaining ticketi,
a fun of three pouuds, od at the rate of fourteen pounds for
tlMtilldiyof Augullncxi; each ticket, in the manner herein
'nriherfum of four pounds, after mentioned; that is to fay,
fate the 15th day of Sep. every fuch contributor or contri-
mti that, upon fuch pay- buton to make a depofit of four
lieiiif completed, iicketi pounds, for and in refpcA ot fuch
delircred, as foon as the ticket, on or before the loih day
I bt peeparcd, to the per- of May neat, as a fecuiity for
iiD{ ind polfclTed af the msking good his or their fntare
bcrdobefbre dircded to payments; the further funi of oae

by the ctlhieri of the pound on or before the i;ih day

CsgUad to the feveral fub. of June next; the further fum of

■• afercfaid ; the fum of two pounds, on or before (he loih

f«d ihoufand pouodi Ihall day of July next ; the further fum

med iniD prizet, for ihe of three pounds, on or before ibit

( tfct proprietor* of the aid day of Augull next ; and ih«

tickcti In the faid lottery; further fum of four pounds, on or

Ml Hull be paid 11 the before the 15th day of September

Boglaad, in money, to next; liclctta to be dclitctcd, oa

— > Bpog denud, foon u th« tuu caa be ptrpucd.

i^2] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

to fuch contributor or contributors,
upon his or their completing their
paynaents ; and that every contri-
Dutor who (hall pay in the whole
of the money to be paid on each
ticket, on or before the 17th day
of Augud next, (hall be allowed
an intereft, by way of difcount,
after the rate of three pounds per
centum per annum, on the fums
fo completing his payments re-
fpedlively, to be computed from
the day of completing the fame to
the 20th day of September next.
And,

nrhit all the monies that (hall
be rcrceived by the caOiiers of the
Bank, for or on account of the
whole of the faid fifty thou fa nd
tickets, (Hall be paid into the re-
ceipt of bis Majclly's exchequer,
to be applied, from time to time,
to fuch fervices as (hall then have
been voted by this houfe, and not
otherwife; and that the fum of
five hundred thoufand pounds,
hereinbefore direded to be diftri-
buted into prizes, for the benefit
of the proprietors of the fortunate
tickets in the faid lottery, (hall be
charged upon the aids and I'up-
pliet granted in this feffion of par-
liament^ for tht fervice of the year
1770.

May 3.

1. That, towards raifing the
fupply granted to his Mnjefly,
there be ifTued and applied the Turn
of one million feven hundred thou-
fand pounds, out of fuch monies
au Ihail or may aril'e of the fur-
plufles, excelTes, or overplus mo*
nies, and other revenues compof-
ing the finking fund.

2. That the fum of fifrr-fivc
thoufand four hundred and ninety-
five pounds fifteen (hillings eight-
pence farching, remaining in the
•Ace of the i'aymafter-general of

his Majedy's forces, fubjeA to tk
difpofition of parliament, be n-
plied towards making ^ood the
fupply granted to his Majefty, to-
wards defraying the extraordinary
expences of his Majefljr'i laad
forces, and other fernces inc«Tcd«
to the a6th dajr of Deoeabcr,
1769, and not profided lor by
parliament*

3. That a fam not execditt

twenty thoufand poaadsi ott M

fuch monies as Hull be paid iam

the receipt of the exchequtr. afiff

the 4th day of April. 177O9 aid

on or before the 5 th day ef April,

1 77 1 , of the produce of all cr my

of the duties and revennes, which,

by iny a6l or a£ts of parliancar,

have been dire£led to be rcfiertcd

for the difpo(itioQ of parliaoMit,

towards defraying the Modbry

expences of defending, prowAiaf

and fecuring the Bridfii cohmict

and plantations, in America, bt

applied towards making good foch

part of the fupply as hath beet

granted to his Majefty. for ntti*

taining his Majefty's Ibrcn ni

garrifons in the plaotatioaa, ai'

for provi(ions for the forces U

North - A mer ica. Nova Scodii

Newfoundland, and the ceded

iflands, for the year 1770* And,

4. That fuch of the monies u
(hall be paid into the receipt of
the exchequer, after the 4tli day
of April, 1770, and on or befiRt
the 5th day of April, 177I0 of
the produce of the datiea cha^pi
by an aA of parliameiit» made ia
the 5 th year of his picfoat Ma-
jelly's reign, upon the importanoa
and exportation of gum-feocct aid
gum-arabic, be applied towards
makii.^ good the fupply (raaiid
to his Majcfty.

5. That the duties noir payahh
upon the importation iato this

kingdoa

APPENDIX to the CHRONICLE. [s«

Ion of ImS or ftrair, chip, pijr the faid old fnbfidy, according

Mid karTe-hair hiti and bon- to tlie rate and value of fix fhilliDgi

mad VBOB ceriiin material* and eight-pence ibr cveiy pooad

■fcin| ne faaw, do ceafe, de- weight Avoirdupoi*.
■c, and be no Ioomt paid. That the full amonat oF the fe-

M, in lien of all Airmer ratei reral daties. now payable for every

ladeit ail baft or flraw, chip, twenty Ihillingt of the value of thm

and horfe-kair hat* and bon- laid good* rerpcAively, be raifed

which from and after the and colle3cd, according to the faid

day of JuDc, 1770, thall be refpeaive rate* befbre'inemioned.

ted inio thi* Idagdom, fhall And,

ted to, and pay, ue old fab- That a rom not exceeding

panted fay Uie aft trf" tonnage three thoufaod nine hundred fony-

MModage, made io the twelfth eight ponodi, throe IhilliDgi and

if the reign of King Charle* feven pence, being the final ba-

condi according to the rate* lance of rhe accoaat of Thomaa

lino of twelve fliillingi and. Barl of KinDoall, formerly Pay>

Bce for every dozen, each hat matter-general of hi* Majefty'*

anct not exceeding twenty- fbrcci, fubj^A to the difpoiition of

icha in diameter ; and o:ie parliament, be applied toward*

. ire Ihillingt for everv dozen making gito.-l the fupply granted

h hat* or bonnet* a* Ihill ex- to hi* Majefty, toward* defraying

wcnty-two inche* in diameter the rxtraordinsry expence* of hi«
Majelly'a land forces, and other

lt( in tiea of all former ratea fervices, incurred to the z6th day

latie*, all ptauing, or other of December, 1769, and not pn»>

Uaiti of baft or ftraw, vided for by parliameLii.
cane, ar horfe-bair, to be Thefe were the refolutiont of

B. Of impcr fbr malting of, the Committee o' way* and meant.

r bonnet*, which, from and which were agreed to by the honfe,

Ac bid a4th day of Jane, and the fum* thereby provided fbr,

Ihall be imported into thia To ^ a* they can at prefent be af*

DB, Hull be ra»d to, and ccrtained, fiaad a* follow* :

/. I. /.
I RiblQtion of Jannary tf — ■ 1 700000 o o

It of February 6 . 1518568 11 lij

It of March 1 3 -^ — iHooooo o •

It of March 29 ■ *99375 6 H

It of April 9 - ■— — 400000
ffthof April 13 - ■ ' — 773*40 16 o|
! fixth of (Titto -■ - — >3i9* 5 lOf

t of April 36 » i I -^ — jooooo

I iri of May $ ■ -~- 1700000 a •

! feoond of ditto _^-. SS4'9$ l$ H

third of ditto ^— ^_ ^^ aoooo

lafi of May B . ^ — . 394»„ 3 7

Kal of (och provifiou u can be aftm^ned — 7794ia4"i9 _»
of tbifrOTifioBi •^— — ^ 34418s 11 $i

IX}» STATE

t44] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

STATE PAPERS.

Bis Majifty^i mofi gracious Speech fenre the genertl trtn^otllit]

t§ i§tb H§Mfis of Parliament t on xnainuining at the Ikme time I

Tui/(daj the ^b of January, dignity and honoar of my cfQ«

1770. together with the jaft rightt a

interefts of my peo|4e. Tke t

My Lords and Gentlemen, common burthens* which ny ft

IT is with moch concern, that I je£b have borne lb chearfblly.

find myfelf obliged to open this order to bring the late war n

feffion of parliament wich acqaainc* happy conclafion, muft be aa i

ing yoa« that the diftcmper among diuonal motive to make me vi|

the horned cattle has lately broke lant to prevent the prelent lEii

oat in this kingdom, notwithftand- bances in Europe mm extendi

ing every precaution that could be to any part, where the fecuri]

nfed for preventing the infedUon honour, or intereft of thu aati

from foreign parts. Upon the fiifl may make it neceflary foe i

notice of its a6lual appearance, crown to become a party. T

my next attention was to endeavour aiTurances which I receive from I

to (lop, if poflible, its further pro- other great powers, a£Fbrd neit

grefs ; and, as the fuccefs of thofe fon to oelieve that my eadeavH

endeavours muft, in all probability, will continue to be faooeftf

have been entirely defeated by any I (hall ilill make the general i

the leaft degree of delay in the ap- tereft of Europe the objcA of I

plication of them, I thought it ab- attention : And while I leal

lolutely neccfTary, wich the advice fupport my own rights, I ihaU

of my privy council, to give imme- equally careful not to ackoowld

diate diredions for every ftep to be the claims of any other povc

taken that appeared mod capable contrary to the limitations of i

of checkine the inilant danger of late treaties of peace,
the fpreading of the infedion. It is needlefs for me to rcoo
until 1 could have an opportunity mend to the feriooi attention
of confulting my parliament upon my parliament the fiatc of

Ibme m(ye permanent meafuret for government in America. I h

fecuring us againil fo great a ca- endeavoured, on my part, by ei

lamity: And to your immediate means, to brin^ bacK my falji

and ferious confideration 1 earneftly there to their daty, and to a

recommend this very important fenfe of lawful authority* It gi

fubjed. me much concern to inform )

1 have given my parliament re- that the fuccefs of my endcavc

peated aflurances, that it has al- has not anfwered my expeOncio

ways been my fixed porpofe to pre- and that, in fi)me of ny colon

STATE PAPERS.

['4J

peribu luTe embarked in
rei highljr nntnirran tabic,
ilcolated to deftroy the ctrn-
■1 coaneAion between them
le motlwr-cDaiiiry.
Cjcntlemen of the Hoofe of

Common I,
are ordered the proper efti-

(br the lervice of the cur-
rcu to be liid before you.
pcrfiuded, tbai yoar aSeAion
tj perioD and gorernment,
lur seal for the public good,
idncc yon to grant fach Aip-
■ are Bcceffitr^ ; tad you laay
iiccd, that, 00 my part, they
>e Buaged with the iii&ittt

tf Lerda ind Gentlemen.
the wdfare tnd profpeiity of
EMle have alwayl been the
of mjwiOiM, and the rale of
ftwtu ; fb I am periioded,
my cxperieace of your coo-
that yon will be governed in
praccediogi by the fime
|ica. My ready concarrence
i^nitf in every meafiirc that
ervc ID promote thofe eods,
■ay alwayt depend upon,
n it will be ddw, more than
ittnmbeni, moil carefully to

all hcitt and animofitic*
'ft yooffelvct, and to culti*
■Bt fiiirii of harmony, which
c> thofe, who have but one
M objed in their view ; and

may be moll likely to give
iiy and efficacy to ihe refult
r deliberation!. Such a con-
lO your put will, above all
, contribute to maintain, in
proper luAre, the Urength,
potation, and the profperiiy
t country i to llrengthen the
Bcat of my fubje£lt to that

excellent conftituiion of govero-
nient, from which they derive
fuch dillingni(hcd advantage!; and
to caufe the firm reliance and con-
fidence which I have in the
wifdom of ny parliament, ai well
ai in their zeal for the erne interefl
of mv people, to be jnftificd, and
approved both at home and abroad.

Tit bKmile JJJri/i tf ll>€ Rigk*
HnmrahU tin UrJi SfiritttJ
Q»d Ttmf*rid IS Partitmtnt t^-
ftmbltd, juMuary 9, 1770.

Mod graciina Sovereign.

Wg, your Majefty'i qioft
dutifiil atid loyal fubieiQt,
the Lords fpirimal and (empotal,
in parliament aflembled, return
your Majefty our humble thankt
lor yonr moll gradoiu fpecch from
the throne.

We beg leave ta aflure yonr
Majefty, that it is with the
greateft concern we have under-
ftood, that the diAemper among
the horned cattle hat lately broke
oni in thii kingdom. We defire to
ezprcf* oor gratitude for yoer
Majefty'i paternal care and atten-
tion to the welfare of your people,
in the ftepi which it hai pleafed
yonr Majetty to take, with the ad-
vice of your privy council, to
check the inltant danger of the
fprcadtng of the diltempcr, upoR
the &t& notice of iti appearance j
and to alTure your Majelty, that
we will itnmeiiiaiely enter into
the moft Icrioui confideration of
this very important objeA, and
will exert oar utmoft enJeavouri
in taking fuch efFeftuil meafurest
a* may fccure Ui agaiofi 16 great a

"wT • w.

446] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

We return yoar Majefly our We think it oar diiqr to affvi
thanks for the repeated affuraocei your Majefty, that we art tkfti
your Majefty has been pleafed to roughly fenfiblCj that the wdCua
give us, of your fixed purpofe to of your people has ever bera ihl
preferve the peace ; maintaining, object of your wiflies, aad the nil
at the fame time, the dignity of of all your adiont ; aad that ■•
your crown, and the interefts of will endeavour to deferrc the ^
your people. We have a dutiful vourable opiaiooy which iM
fenfe of your Majciiy's provident Majefty is gracioufly plcam IS
attention to prevent the neceflity exprefs, of our being gofcferi
of involving your fubjedls in frcdi by the fame principles. Tbt
difficulties, after the great bur- we have a fcrfcGt reliaece «
thens to which they (o chcarfully your Majefty's proDilcd foppon ii
fubmitted, in order to bring the fuch meafures, as may ierfC II
late war to a happy conclnfion ; promote thofe eodi. That askii
and we have great fati^faflion in peculiarly iocnoibent npoa as U
finding, that the afTurances given prefent, to avoid heata aad aaiaa*
to your Majcdy by the other great fities among oarfelves» fi> we ftd
poweri of Europe afford reafon to endeavour to coltifaie that hv«
Delieve, that without prejudice mony which b lb neoelaij W ihl
either t6 the honour of your crown, common canie* aad whsa aim
the rights of your people, or the can reader oar deliberauoas it-
general intercfts of Europe, it may fpcAahle and eSeAaal ; beaiglUlf
ftill be in your Majefty's power to perfnaded« that^fnch acaamn, ei
continue to your fubjefls the far- our part muft'greail/ CPauitai
ther enjoyment of the bleffiDgs of to the happiaeCi aad Mofiwky if
peace. this couotry, and to aiabin adw

We afTure your Majefty, that we fenfe of the very diftiagaifead ai-

will lake into our moft ferious con- vanuges of oar happy ftratffwiwi

fiderappn the ft^te of your govern- as well as a firm attaduoeat 0 kl

stent in America. We beg leave to and muft jpfl^fy* both at ham ^

cx^^refs our utmoft concern, that abroad, yoor Majeftv'a gradm

the fucc.fs of your Majefty'i en- confidence in the wilma of jm

deavoars to bring back your fub- parliament, aad in ihnr aad iv

)c&s there to a due fenfe of lawfnl the true interefts of yoar peoplt*
authority, have not aafwered yoor

Majefty's expeaatk>ns. We (hall ffii Majejfy*j wujt ifmimu Jbffm-
be ready to give wery affiftance in

our power, for rendering efte^ual My Lords,

thefe your Majefty's gracioua in- I thank yoq kit thia aAAieaali

tentioni, and for difcoontenancing and loyal addrcfs. Yoor refidatioa

thof: unwarrantable meafures prac- to enter immediately into tlia caa>

tifed in fome of your Majefty'i fideration of fuch aieafuraa ai may

colonies which appear calculated beft fecure ui againft the farcadiag

%ci dctroy the commercial coa- of the diftemper among the haraaa

BcdUon between ()icia and the cattle, aftviu me great friisfiK-

pipthcr- country. PM,

S T A T E P A P E R S. [5+7

Sraag nliaiice on yoar cm be accomplifhed, to goard

_ao« 10 give me every igainll the d&nger o*" To great a

IB ytM power to Tupport calamity becoming general.

Vf fOTCriUDcat in America. Yoar faittirul (Jommoni hare

■ Tfaar aflanncei of duty and too jull a Jenfe of (he bleffingi of

iOfwltj ttwardi me, and your re- peate, and feci with your Majefi/

Htioil to cultivate harmony too tender a concern for the eafe of

«Kag yonrlM»e>, give me very their feUow-fubjei)!, not to re-

imttn fittian- pice at the profpefl which the

aiTuraicei given by the other great

^'^^^■^^—^—^^——^^^— powert of Europe aSbrd to your

fit immtUJdJrifi s/tbt H^f, »/ Majefty, that ihe prefeni diftur-

Ctmmmt t» lit King. nance* will not extend to any part

where the f^'curity, honouri or in-

Moft gracioai Sovereign, tereA of ihii nation may make it

WE roar Majefty'i moft du- necelTary for your Majelty to be-
tifol and loyal fubjefb, the come a party. We have the fuUcft
Coaatni of Great-Britain in Par- confidence that your Majelly will
Eaaeat aftubled, beg leave to re- never be unmindlul of tbofe in-
tara ]raar MajeAy our , mble portant olij~^< ; and we obfcrve,
Aaakt fiir yonr mod gracioui with great fatii'aflioa, your Ma-
fpccch from the thmne. jeSy's wile atiemion to the general

Wc cannot but loc^ Dpoo it as interen* of Europe, in yo.:r d.ter-
ft vcrr ferioai miifortune, that mination not lo acknowledge any
aoniuftanding every precaution cUimi of any of the other poweri
wUA could be ofed for preventing of Europe, contrary to the limi-
■ht comBoaicatioa of the infec- tation* of the late truatiei of
ddw diAfder among the horned peace.

cank from foreign pirU, that Wc finccrely lament, that your
aoft ilarmiag dittemper appran M.ijefty's cndcaioun lo bring
to kave again broke out in fome baclc yuur fubjefts in America to
puti of tlu kingdom : At the fame a jaK (enrc of thfir duty hate
tiMc, we are truly fenCblcof your hiiticrto pmvcd fu liitle fucceftrul.
liajeSj'i paternal care and vigi- The llaie ot your Maj>.'lty'i govern-
lance for the fecurity of your pro- ment there docs undoubtedly well
pie, in having given the earliell defcrve the IcriouL attention of par-
direfiioBt for every mcalure to be liatnent; and no cr.deavours ^all
pttrfoed, that might be mod likely be ivaming on lui pin, to make
to give an immrdiaie check to the efTcftuil prorifioni ajjainit the un-
£ril fpreading of the infeAion ; and warra'- tabic mealurcs carried on in
■c will not fail to take (hit moll fome of your M^jeliy's colonies,
iaportaai matter into cur imme- uhich are fo irrec^ncileable lo
^tc GOnfidcration ; and to make every principle ol ci>mmercial fun.
IJKh ptovifiont at iball appear b^-Ll iervicncy to the imcrcll of ilie
calcalatcd lo carry into rtfei.^ujl mother-country Ihnt ought to prc-
lad complete execution your Mu- vail in the colonir«,iind which, b/
jcfty'i falutary intentions ; :>ni attempting lo 1j^Ji.-£1 the hi^hell
tkaebVa u iar at by human meant luual authority to ihc controul of
[A] + " indi.

fl48] ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

individuals, tend to fubvert the
foundation of all government.

Your Majefty may be aiTured,
that we will, with the utmoll
chearfalnefs and difpatch, grant the
neceifary fupplies for the fervice of
the current year.

We acknowledge with the warm-
eft gratitude, that the welfare of
thefe kingdoms has been the con-
Hant objcft of your Majefty's
wifhesy and the unvaried rule of
your anions. Permit as, Sir» at
the fame time, to offer to your
Majefty our moft dutiful thanks,
for the favourable opinion which
your Majefty is pleafed to entertain
of the condufl of your Parliament ;
and to afTure your Majefty, that we
will fteadily perfeverc in fuch prin-
dplet as are moft agreeable to the
true fpirit of this free conftitution,
and invariably purfuc fuch mea-
fiires as are moft conducive to the
real happinefs of the people.

Earneftly deiirous of juflifying
to all the world your Majcfty's
gracious declaration of your con-
fidence in us, we will make it our
fludy to avoid all heats and ani-
mofities, and to cultivate that har-
mony amongft ourfelves, which,
we are truly fenfible, is at this
time peculiarly necciTary, to give
weight to our deliberations, to
eftablifti the profperity, ' and to
maintain in its true luftre the re-
putation of this country.

And while we on our part are
faithfully executing the truft re-
pofed in us, by endeavouring to
the utmoft of our power to pro-
more thcfe good ends, we truft that
all who live under this happy con-
ftitution will he convinced how
iddifpeiifably it is their duty to
pay that obedience to the laws,
and jaft reverence to lawful au-

thority, by which alone thdr Ml
rights can be preserved, and Ai
diftingtiiftied bleffinss wbick if
enjoy above all other aatioMlii
rendered fecure and permanent

Tht Humble Adirifs \f the J^k
Homurabie the Lirds Sfmttd
and Temporal, amd C§mmtMS» u
Parliament etffemUed^ ff^td
March 23, t9 bis Majefiy.

Moft gracions Sovereign,

WE, your Majei^'s wtk
dtttitui fabjeai, the Lorii
Spiritual and Temporal, aal
Commons of Great Britain, ii
Parliament afiembled, haviaf
taken into confideratioii the A£
drefs lately prefented to yonr Ifa-
jefty, onder the title of, * The
' humble Addreft, Remonilnice,

< and Petition of the Lord Mayor,
' Aldermen, and Livery of tke
' City of London, in Cosnon-

< hall aflembled,* together vidi
the anfwer which yonr Majefty wai
pleafed to make to the fame : think
ourfelves indifpenfably obh'icd,
upon this occaiion, to expreu to
your Majefty the extreme concern
and indignation which we IIkI, at
finding that an application hai
been made to your Majefty in
terms fo little correfponding wiA
that grateful and afleAionate re-
fpedl which your Majefty is (b
juftly in titled to from all yonr fab-
jeds ; at the fame time afperfing
and calumniating one of tl!e
branches of the Legiflature, aid
exprefsly denying the legality of
the prefent Parliament, and ths
validity of its proceedings.

To prefent petitions to the
throne has at all times been the
undoubted right of the fubje^ls of

this

STATE PAPERS, [249

An lealm. The fret CDJoyment derftand too well their own trae

cf ikit right wai one of the many interefts, to wi(h to loofea the

liefiogs reftored by the Revola- bands of obedience to the laws*

lioi, and continned to U8« in its and of dae fubordi nation to lawful

Mkft extent, under the Princes of andiority. We are thftrefore fulijr

jMr Maje^'s illoftrious houfe : perfaaded that your Majefty's peo-

Aai, aa we are doly fenfible of its pie, as well as yonr^ parliament^

Vihe and importance, it is with will rejed with difdain every in-

Ae deepeft concern that we now fidioos faggeftion of thofe ill.

fa the cxercife of it fo grofly per- defigning men, who are in realitf

Ymed» by being applied to the undermining the Public Liberty,

forpofe, not of prefervin^, but of under the fpedous pretence of

OTcrtnrning the Conttitntion : and zeal for its prefervation ; and that

of propagating dodrines, which, your Majefty's attention to nudn*

if generally adopted, muft be fatal tain the liberties of your fubjedt

ID the peace of the kingdom, and inviolate, which jrou efteem yoor

which tend to the fubverfion of all chief glory, will, upon cvny oc-

lawful authority. cafion, prove the fure means «f

Yonr Majefty, we acknowledge (Irength to your Majefty, and ie-

mth gratitudes has ever fliown the cure to you that zealous and «f>

■oft tender regard to the rights of Itdual iupport, which none bat m

yoor people, not only in the ex- free people can beflow.

cicife of your own power, but in His Majtfty*t Jn/mer^

jQQr care to preferve from every My Lord* and Gentlemen,

degree of infringement or violation I return you mv thanks for thb

the powers intrufted to others, very loyal and dutiful addrels. It it

And we beg leave to return your with great iatisfadtion that 1 receive

Majefty our unfeigned thanks, lor from my parliament fo grateful an

the frefli proof you have given of aGknowledgment of my tender

yoor determination to perfevere in regard for the rights of my fubjeOs.

yonr adherence to the principles Be affnred that I fhall continue to

of the Conftitution. adhere to the true principles oi

Permit us alfo to affure your our excellent conftitution ; from

Majefty, that it is with the higheil which I cannot deviate without

latisfaAion we fee your MajeHy juftly forfeiting the aFedions of a

expreffing fi) juft a confidence in free people.

yoor people. In whatever un-

jeftifiable exceffes fome few mif- r^,H«KING

'guided perions may, in this m- 15y tne K i I>Hj.

nance, have been leduced to join, j^ PROCLAMATION,

yoor Majefty 's fubjetts in general, ^^^ encouraging Seamem to enter

arc too lenlible of what they owe tbemjel'vei om board bis Majefife

boik to your Majefty and your Sbiis of 9Far.

Uloftrioui family, ever to be ca- CRORGR R

sable of approaching your Ma- LfBUKUU. a.

jefty with any other fentiments "IX/HEREAS it is our royal

than thofe of the moft intirc re- YV intention to give all due

fpcA and afftAion | tnJ they un- encouragement to all luch feameo,

' who

a5o] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

who (hall voluntarily enter them-
UXvtB in cur I'crvicc ; vvc have
thought fiCj by and with the ad-
▼ice of our Piivy Council, to pub-
li(b this our Royal Proclamation :
And we do hereby promil'e and de-
dare» that all fuch able feamen*
not above the age of fifty, nor un-
der the age of twenty years, fit for
our fervice, who (hall, on or be-
fore the 2iilday of Odober next,
Toluntarily enter themfelves to
ferve in our Royal Navy, either
with the captains or lieutenants
of our (hipi, or the chief officers
on board fnch tenders, as fhall be
employed for raifing men for the
fervice of our Navy, (hall receive,
at our royal bounty, the fum of
thirty (hillings each man : and ail
Ibch ordinary feamcn fit for our
fervice, who (hall fo enter them-
felves as aforefaid, Oiall receive the
Inm of twenty (hillings each man,
as our royal bounty ; fuch re fpec-
tive Aims to be paid them by the
lefpedive clerks of the cheque,
rending at the pons or places
where the (hips, into which they
Ihall be entered, (hall be, imme-
diately after the third mufter of
fuck feamen.— And we do declare,
that the qualifications of the fea*>
aen, (b entering theiafelves at
aforefaid, (hall be certified by the
Cap:ain, Mailer, and Boacfwain of
the (hip or vcfTcl where they (hall
cater. And for prevention of any
abufcs, by any perfons leaving the
ireflels to which they (hall belong,
and entering thsmfelves on board
any other our (hips or ve(rels, in
order to obtain the faid bounty-
money ; we do hereby declare and
command, that fuch ieamen, be-
longing to any of our (hips, or
ved'cis, as (hall abfent thcmfe'ves
fiom any of the faiu ibips or veflfels

to which they (hall belong, aii
(lull enter themfelves on board aoy
other of our faid (hips or vcfleU, ii
order to obtain the faid bodaty,
(hall not only lofe the wages doe »
them in the (hips or veflels they
(hall leave, but al(b be fevctel/
punilhcd according to their de-
merits.

Given at our court at St. Jamei'i
the 2zd day of Sffpceober,
1770, and in the tenth yat
of our reign.

GOD fave the KING.

His Majcfiy*s mcfi gnuicus Spu(ht%
hotb Houfes of Parliamtmi, a
Saturday thg l^he/Muj, 1770.

My Lords and Gentlemen,

TH E fealbn of the year, ul
the difpatch you have givci
to the public bufinefs, make ic
proper for me to put aa end tn
this feflion of parliament.

The temper with which yoa have
conduded all your procecdugs, has
given me great fatisfadion, atd 1
promife myfelf the happieft titBi
from the firmnefs, as well ai the
moderation, which yoa have aa-
nifeAed in the very critical circav-
(lances which have attended yuor
late deliberations.

With refped to foreign aiGun,
I have nothing material to comoia-
nicate to you. I will continue ay
endeavours lo appeafe, if po(Bble,
the troubles which ftill prevail in
fome parts of Europe, or at leaft
to prevent them from fpreadiPg
farther. Jn all events it (hall be
my fir A and conftant care to watch
over the intereft>, and to preferve
undimiDi(hed the rights of my peo-
ple.

Gentle-

STATE PAPERS. [451

IMM Of Ae Houfe of ib, Ci^yf I^. i»Cmmm'

U9 yoB ny tbanki (or the Umj 30, 1770.

yon k»ve fo cheftrfnily < Moll grkcioui Savereigft.

lot lb« lerrictof ihe cur. vt t £ ^kit upon yoar Mijdif

Wt u well a> for yoar at- yV *>tk ('■'' BDCer' congnrala-

(o mtlce die of every op- wiia on ttM happy delivery of «ar

ty of redacing the national moft graciooi Ofeen, and on tke

rke prDvi&on yoo have birth of another Frincefi : and ta

blc tu make in this feffioa affure yonr Majefly, that there an

:hargine fo conHderable a ^jt in all your dominioai any Tub*

iib^ut iayine uny turther jcO* more faiihfol, BKirc dudfid*

on my fubjca*, cannot md more affcaioDau to your Ma-

highly advanugeout to jefty'* perlon' and family, or mor«

:redil. ready to facft&ce their Uvea and

fbrcgnei ia the matatcnuceof ibe

y Lordi and Gentleraea, imc honoar and digaity of yixr

itt carneflly recommsod to crown.

exen, in yoar refpedive • i^Bg may your Uqc^ r^a
•, the fume zeal and pru- ibe tioe giurdian of the Itbertia
hat you have fhewn in I'ar- of thit free coutry. and be tk«
t, for promoting the peace iollrument, in the haadt of Pio-
tlfare of the kingdom : no- videace, of tranfmitling to oar
can be fo favourable 10 the pollerity tbcle invaluable rigbn
of tboie, who look with jea- ^gj privilcgMi whidi are tin
IB the ftrengih and profpe- birth-right of ike fubjcAi of iki*
tbit coantry, *• the preva- Idugdoaa.'
)f BDimoliiici and difleaiioni

A ourfelvei : let it therefore To which the King gs*e dt
Br care to di (countenance iollowiag gncioataanrcr:
ittempt 10 infufe grt)aadle&

Ml* and difconteni into the > I recdve with great fatiaCae*
of yoar fellow fubjtOt i make tion yonr cmgratnuitiou oa tfae
enfible of m;r conftant aEten- happy delivery of the Qgeen, taA
promote iheirbippinefti and ibebirthof a Princcfi t nnd I re*
ce them, that nothing can lb turn yoo my hearty thanki for tko
ally fecure tbcir libertici, •■ jmy and affeaioR to my parte
ainienance of tttt^ part of and family, and the acal for lk«
cclleni conllitution Iniudne true bonoar and dignity of mf
ind aatbortiy. crown, which you expreft opoa tkit

_^_^^^_^^^___^__^ pccafioB.

• The city of London, enter-
• KING'* Moft Excellent Mining thefe loyal feeiimeBti, may
MajcAy. be always afliired of mv protec-

tion,'— They all had tbp luDoor of
mmbU JJJrifi rf tht ItrJ ki£ng hjl MajeAjr't IkM^

^ at

ft52] ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

Hh Majeflfs moft gradouj Speech to !»««" »« equilly fiscere wU
hoib Houfes of Parliamemt, om myfelf in the rcfo'ation 10 pidene
T^e/ilay the lyb Day of Novem- ^« gcneril tranqaillity of fioroiK.
^y 1 2^0. In the mean lime* I have calM

you together thas early, in order
My Lords and Gentlemen, «^»' I ^^Y be able to receive inm

WH E N I lall met yon in ^^ f«ch advice and affiaance, as,
Parliament, I renewed to in the farther progrefi of ihb very
you the affuranccs which 1 had important bufioefs, nay happen 10
before given you, that it was my become requifite.
fixed purpofe to preferve the gc- ^"^ refpeft to the flateofsf
jjeral tranquillity ; maintaining, at colonies in North America, al-
the fame time, the honour of my though I have the fatisfaaioa IB
crown, together with the juft rights acquaint you, that the people n
and interefts of ny people : and it ^^^^ of them have begun co depart
was with much fatisfadion that I ™"i ^hofe combinations, which
indulged the hope of being ftill able w«r« calculated to diftrefs the con«
to continue to my fubjcas the enjoy- "»«''«« of this kingdom ; yet, 11
ment of peace with honour and fe- ">"™« P*'^« of the colony of ibc
cority. Since that time, thofe ytry Maflachufet'i Bay, y^ry unwarrae-
confiderations, which I then pro- "ble praftices are ftill carried oa.
snifed you that I would never facri- *n^ "X good fubjeds oppreiTed by
ice mtii to the defires of peace, the fame lawlefs violence vhick
kave laid me under an indifpenfable has too long prevailed in that pnh
neceffity of preparing for a different vince.

fitnatioQ. ^ "^P^* *"^ ^^^* ^^*t the pr^

By an aa of the Governor of captions, which have already beci
Buenos Ayres, in fcizing by force «^«^. ^or fecurin^ this coiatiy
one of my poffeffions, the honour ag^^n^ the vifitation of that fttil
©f my crown, and the fecurity of calamity, which has of kte appeir-
sy people's rights, were become ^^ »" ^ome of the diftant parti of
deeply affeded. Under thcfe cir- Europe, will, with the bieffiog of
cumftances, 1 did not fail to make God, proved fuccefsfal. Bat if,
an immediate demand from the ^«>m any altcrauon of circoBto-
court of Spain, of fuch fatisfaflion «"• it ihould at any time be fbood,
as 1 had a right to cxpcd for the ^^^t farther pronfioos will he
injury I had received. I diredcd wanted, I cannot doubt of yoor
•ho the neceffary preparations to ready concurrence for fo faloiary a
be made, without lofs of time, for pu^pofe.

enabling me to do myfelf juftice. Gentlemen of the Houfe of
in cafe my requifition to the court Commons,

of bpain ihould fail of procuring I will order the proper eftimaies
it for me. And thefc prcparation», for the fervice of the enfning year
you may be aflured, I Ihall not to be laid before you. They noft
think it expedient to difcontinue, unavoidably, in our prefeni fitua-
nntil I OuU liave received proper tion, exceed the nlual amouaL
leparacion tor the injury, as well £\'ery unncceflary expcnce, ny
aa iaikfaclory proof, that other concern for the Cile cf mygcx)d

fubjedU

STATE PAPERS. [ijj

ill ever nuke ine cuefal We beg Inve to offifr yoor Mi-
bat I (boold neither con- jefljr our very fincere congntulm-
intercfti nor their incli- ti:>ni on the fafe and bappy deli-
I were to decline any eX' very of the Queen, and the birth
lich the public fecumy> of a priocefs ; and tu ■Q'ure yoor
intenance of the national Majefly of our unfeigned joy at
oei at any time reqoire. the iocreafe of your domellic bap-
Lords and Genilemeo. pincfs ; and that ue confider every
eofible how little I need addition to your illullrions houfej
I, at this time, to prevail from which ihefe kingdom) have
to unite in whatever may received the malt important be*
lote the true intcrcft of neSts, aj a farther fecuriiy to our
iiry. In all your delibe- religious and civil libertle*.
pon point) of a domellic . We are too fenfible of the
.t the extenfion of our blcfling of peace, not to feel the
;, the improvement of the greaiefl coacern at aoy evenc tvhicli
and the maintenance of threaten) to interrupt its continco
d good government, be ancc, and defeat your Majeily'i
I your view. With re- wile and gracious purpofe to main-
fbreicn meafures, there tain it. _ fiut, grateful u we are for
B perluaded, be no other thi) proof of ynur Mijefly'* pa>
Among you, than who ternal regard to the rcpofe aui
ear noft forward in the happinefi of your people, we owe
if the common caufe, in your Majelly no Jef) thank) for
; the rrputaiion, and your anxious vigilance over the
g the profpcriiy of the honour of your crown, and the in-
• For the attainment of icreA) of your people.
Ii, yoa flull ever find me We return your Majelty our
czeit myfelf to the utter- molt ihaokfol ackoowledgmenti,
have so iniercA, 1 can as well for the immediate demand,
iCi diftind from that of which yoor MajeHy has been
e. pleafed to make from the court of
^^^^^^^^^^__^^ Spain, of fatisfaflion for the in-
""~~^ jury received, as for the inAant
ib AJdrifs tf lb* Rig!" prcparationi that your Majcfty
■abU tht Ltrdi Sfiriiual made to do yourfelf juftice, 10
riMttral, in Parliamnt cafe your requifition fhould fail of
W, Urutmhtr 13, 1770-. procuring it. And we are exceed-
ingly happy to be alTured, that
jracioot Sovereign. yoor Majefty will think it Mpe-
(yoar Majelly'imoft dmi- dicnt to continue prepared to
ill and loyal fubjefls, the affert the honour of your crown,
pititual and Temporal, in and the fccurity of the righti of
mt altembled, return your your people, upon an event lb
oar humble ihanki tor deeply affefling both, until the in-
a eracioui fpeech fiom the jury ihal! be properly repaired, and
litiifafiory proof be gik-co of the
liDocrt

«54l ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

fiiicere refolution of other powers zeal, in the fapport of yoor

io prefenre the general tranquillity jetty's crown, and the repai

^ £arope. We, on our part« beg and profperity of your

leave to aflure yoor Majefty, that domi.

we will not fall to make the utmoft

efforts in oar power to roainuin His Majeftfi mojt grmcious Ai

objedts fo joftly dear to us^ as the

dignity of your Majefty's crown» My Lords*

and the fecurity of the national Jt gtres ne great fatisfaai

'^g'*^*" find, that you entertain (b

We are rery happy to be in- fcnfc of the importance of j

formed, that the people in mod while that defirable objeA c

•fyourMajefty's colonies in North maintained confiftently wit!

America are departing from thofe honour of my crown, am

combinations which were calcu- rights of my people. Yoama

lated to diftrefs the commerce of pend upon my Deft endeavoi

this kingdom ; and we hope foon prcfcrve that inefttmable bli

to fee an entire end of thofe on . (b long as it is compatible

warrantable praaiccs which have objcas dill more efiential t

lb ^ng opprcffed your Majefty's happinefs and profperity o

liibjedt in one of thofe pro* kingdoms.

winces. The affedionace part yoa ta

, We are highly feniiblc of your the happy delivery of the Q

Majefty's gcodncfs and care, in and the incrcafc of my ft

ttking foch precautions to fecure gives me much pleafure.
ihb country againft the vifitation

of that fatal calamity, which has — — ^— — ^— — —

of late appeared in fome of the ^^, humhU Adinfi tf thi &

diflant parts of Europe ; and we q^^^ f^ ^^ ^

fhall alwavs be ready to concur in ^

any meaiures that (hall be found Mod gracious Sovereign,

necefTarv to the fopport of your Tlir^» yoor Majefty*s moi

Majeftys endeavours for fo fain- VV tiful and loyal fohjcAi

tary a purpofe. Commons of Great- Britain ii

We have the moft grateful fenfe liament aflembled, return

of yoor Majelly's favourable opt- Majefty our humble thanks

ition of our con flan t endeavours to your moil gracious fpeech froi

promote the true incercil of this throne.

country. We will, in all our de- Wc beg leave to offer tc

liberations upon points of a do- Majefty our congratulations t

nellic nature, exert ourfelves for happy delivery of her Majeft;

the exteniion of our commerce, the on the birth of another prii

improvement of the revenue, and eflceming every increafe of

the maintenance of order and lVIajir(ly'« royal family, an

government: and we flatter our- tional Iccurity for the contir

ielves, that your Majefty will not or that happinefs which we

be difappointed in the gracious ex- already experienced under i

pe&ations you have formed of our fpicious govcrnmeut.

/

STATE PAPERS.

mg ^ ittujr praoft we hhn
td of jtMt Mijefty'i con-
ittation to tbe welbre ind
iij of yoor people, your
f*i earoeft dcGre to continue
the Ucffingi of p«ce coutd
1 to infpire at with Tenti-

of gratitude and affeAion :
t could have reaped little
xitraflion from the cnjoy-
f thorebleffingg, had we not
raise tine been able to place
left confidence in your Ma-
that yoa would never be in-

by & miftalcen tendeinefs

prefent eafe of your people,
ificc their more efTEntial and
lafting interelU. There we

bat confider u having been
ooflf flruclc at, by the vio-
■uly committed by a Spmilh
or apon one of your M:i-
poffeCons. Under ihefecir-
ncct, yoar Majeliy'j deter-
Ml to make an im mediate
d fram the court ol Spain of
tN&aioD aa you hid a tight
;A, and at the fame time to
tke Beceflary preparations to
it, withoat delay, for en-
yonr Majefty to do yourrdf

itt cafe your requiliiion to
■n of Spain ibould fjil to
:il, demandtoarmod iinny
rlcdgmenu ; and tve rejoice

that your Majefty will not
tuoe tnefc preparaiioni until
dl bavc received a proper re-
n for the i:ijury, » well as
bry proof that other pow;ti
ully fincere widi your Ma-
t ike rcfidotioQ to preferve
HCral tranijailliiy. In the
tioa of thii your MajeAy'i
i, yoar Majelly will not DC
inted in your expedition of
ig fiom your faithful Cotn>
rcry degree of fupport which

[»5f

in the pregrefi of tbii very tMoort-
ant baAnelt will become reqeifite :
with tlui view, we (hall enter with-
out delay into the confiderMion of
the fuppliei for the eafuing year )
and whatever extraordinary ex-
pencei tbe public ferrice ftull re-
qairei we will chearfully pn>Tidfe
for, in fuch manner ai may b*
leall burthenfome to your Majcty'a
fubjeas.

In con{idering the flite of yow
Majefty's colonies in North Ane-
rica, we will negled no mean* of
fecuring the commercial iaiereSi of
thii kingdom, cr of providing for
the proteAioQ of yoar Majefty'a
good fubjcfts there from every de-
gree of violence and opprcflioa.

We return your Majelly our un-
feigned thanks, for the timely pre-
cnuiions you have ufed, for guard-
ing againil the introduction of tkac
faial contagion which has of laM
«p,->cared in fome of Ihe diflant
pans of Europe. And while, wttk
your Majeily, we place our ttlii-
in:i(c reliance upon the Divine Pro-
vidence for our prefervation iron
To great a calamity, we fli all con-
fider Ic ai our indiipenfable duty to
make ufe of every reafonable pre-
caution which human forcGgbi ata,
(ugpcftto UJ.

We affurc jxur Mjjcfly, that we
will apply ouriclvci with all due
diligence to the difpatch of the
pnblic bufiners ; in which we will
not fail Iteadiiy to purfue thofe
great end* rt-commended to u) fay
your Majelly in your fpeecb from
the throne, ai well 31 by yoar
royal example. And ifanybqiet
(bould have been conceived, or it
may have been any where furmifcd,
that among your Majelty's people
there were any fuch dilTerencea'
fabCfling, at could in tbe leafi de-
gree

•5^] ANNUAL REGISTER. 1770.

me abate the aHoar of their af- vioce the world how falie aad »•

traionate attachment for yoar Ma- jorioiu are all fuch fumifet; ail

jefly» or prevent their joining, as to make it flianiieft» that* wka-

one man, in feoonding your Ma- erer we are called npoa ia ill

jefly's views, for maintaining mi- caofe of oor lung and ceaatiy,

fidlied the loftre of yoor crown, there will be bat ooe heart aid oia

and preferving andiminifhed the voice among yoor ftithfid Can*

lighu of yonr people, we doubt mont*
■oc» by our proceediogtt to coo*

CHA.

t > 3

3ARACTERS.

nftaait frpt lit acesuntef
•wtf ailt Siberia, mail Ay
•■itt Kiag t/ France. By
Abbe Chappy D'Aote-
*^r^ Royal Academy «/"
n « Pub.

iiMi u the fovereigD ii on
I tbroae, be is Tuppofed
lO men reUtioDS, and no
t tocUira any connedion
royal family. A foreign

kaving found that the
of Woronzof waa reined
ipief* ElUabech, weni im-
' »ad coinplimentcd her
new), which he ihooght
»very of gmliiical impor-
he emprefs larncd pale,
limhe was millaken.

forbidden, on pain of

keep any coin llHmped
mige of the young Iwsn.
>le dirsd nol play with
rbich bear the imprcfflon
nei^n. One cannot pxh
t palace) facing iheem-
jMrtBcnti, without pol-
ae') hit, or letting down

if one if in a carriage ;
amt )i cxpofed to infulti

Mdien. Any perfuti
Id write the name of the
I fisall charaAen upon a
mU be liable (o be fe-
>Uh«d for it.
yiflinSCircsmQaBcei arc
I nercly to eive u iiica
3IL

of (he extent of the abfolute power
ofRulIitn i»aoarcli»

The r;thility dateDot come near
the throne wi^hoot fear and trem-
bling. They are b.niftcd into
Sibeti.i for the flightell political
intrigue, and their poJTeffion! being
conGfcated, one whole f.iRiiIy chiw
falli a viaim to the nrtful infinn-
stioni of the eoariier. When i
was at St. Peierlburgh, I waj one
day on a viCt at the hoofe of a
Ilranger, who was in office ; being
defirous of information, I aDced
whether the prim-e Iwan wai Jiv.
ing or not ; it was Immediiteljr
ivhifpered in my ear, ihat in Riif.
lia no one tpoke of that princei
We were, hd^vcrcr, no more thao
thtee Ftenthmcn in iKp rooutt
nfaich W.13 upward) of ihiiiy feet
fqoire. On the eve of (he death
of the emprefi Eliijbech, noon*
dared to enquire concerning her
health; and when ihe was (lead*
though !i was univerfally known*
yet every body was afriiid to fpcalc
of it.

The mutual diftrodi in which
people lire in Raffia, and the total
tilencc (if the nation upon every
thing which may haveihe leatt n

lalior:

ther to the

govt

ifei chielly
from the privilege every Ruffian
hai, wlihout diHiiiAion. of crying
oat io public. S/i%oe DrtUx that

I.

ANNUAL register; 1770:

high treafon both in words and ac-
tions. All the byilnnders are the a
obliged to ailid in taking up the

Serfon ace u fed. A father arrefts
is fooy and Uie Ton his father^
and nature fuffers in filcncc. The
Bccufed, and the accufer, are both
conveyed immediately to prifon,
and afterwards to St. Pe:cr(burgh,
where they are tried by the fccrct
court of chancery.

This tribunal, compofed of a
few miniftera chofen by the fove-
reign, leaves the lives and fortunes
of all families at their mercy.
This jurifdidion is of fo odious a
nature, that a fubjc6>, who (hall
even be indifTerenc to thefe agents
of tyranny, is often found guilty,
although the accufer fhould not be
able to bring convinci.:g proofs of
the crime ; and this happens chiePiy
when the impeachcr anfwers for
the guilt of the perfon accufed,
with his own ihoulders ; that U to
fay^ fabiQits to receive the puniih-
laent of the knout. If he bears
this without recanrirg, the perfon
accufed is fodnd guilty, comdemn-
ed to death, and part of his eiiate
ibrfeited to the accufer. If fome
• very extraordinary cirJumlUnccs
indicate the innocence of the per-
fon accufed. the impeacher is then
punifhcd a f?cond time. He is
alfo punifhcd, but only once, when,
not having demanded the trial of
the knout, he is foun 1 inc.ipible
ot proving the guilt of the man
^hom he impearhcs.

Thi^ jurifJi6t O'l has been eAa-
bliOied, merely that tyranny might
enjoy the privilege oH'acrificing uU
fuch perfons as have become the
objeA of dcfpotic jcalouly. It was
therefore necefTary that the crime
of the falfe accufer Aiould not be
puniOied with death ; aad the pu-

nifliment of the knoat was al
made milder in his favour.

The nobility, thus bowed
the yoke of the moft ere
flavery, do not fail to retali^t
on the people : the pcopl
(laves to them, to the fuvei
or to the waywodes who rep
him.

Two kinds of flaves are <

guitheJ in Ru(Ga amooj^ ih

pic ; fome belong lo the love

others to the nobility. Tfa

only p::y tribute to the en

the others both to the fovi

and to their lord. The nob

timate their riches by the ni

of farmers which belong to

The flaves of the crown paj

the royal treafaf]r« the fiim <

hundred and ten copecs, oi

ihillings and feven»pence ol

glifh money, and the other

two (hillings and elerea»pei

the crown. The lords i

what tax they pleafe opoa

(laves, and fometimes feiie

the fmall fortune they nay

acquired by their abilities. II

(laves, by cultivating the Ian

by induftry, do not get enoi

pay the lord, he allows thi

hire themfclves to mere

(Irangers, or other perfoni

have no flaves. For this pi

he gives them a paffport oo

a few years. I'he flave is o

to remit his wages annually

lord, who gives him up wl

thinks proper out of them.

The lords fell their flai
cattle is fold in other parts
world. They chafe ont fi
mcng them the number of ii
they want ; ard treat ihei
great inhumanity. They]
allowed a civil power of li
death over their fervanis^ an

CHARACTERS. ^

orerdbeirothfrflivest batM cfl ArianeA. tn -other rerped;,
have the privilege of puoifh- they give thrmfelves op to de-
ihen with the faJagi, they bauchery and to erery kind of
tkcm chaffized in fuch a man- vicr. Morality is lefs to be met
dut .thej nay be fiiid, in n-iih among the Ruffian;, than a.
to km acquired the right of mong the Pag.ins thrir neighbooit.
Bg them to deaih. The opinions of ihe Ruffian^, with

weighty offQncn, a lord, ae- regard to Chriftianiiy, are Co extra-
ng to laWf onght to bring hi) ordinary, thai it (hould feein at if
to be tried at the ordinary that religion, fo well adapted in
«of juftice. In 1761, the fe- iiTi-'ir for ihc b^ppinefs and good
pQblifhed an edid, whereby order of fociety, had only IVrved
e lordt were allowed to fend to make this people more kicked.
A murderer being taken and con-
demned, and being aOced in (he
courfe of his trial whether he had
kept the Lent falti; appeared as
much furprized, as the moft up-
right man would bav« bern, if hit

flavea tbe^ were difplea

to work in riie minei ; ^u
ml* prefer, and will ever d
lalixing them at home, and
Ag them to themfeWet.
c aobility of Ruffia nerer „ ,

ioto the priefthood; fo that honeCly had been called !□ quef-

■t no iDterniediate flate
Kclcfiafiical body, which

tion. He immediately anfwered
vith warmth, that he wat inca-
ap entirely of the common pable of negiejling the daciei of
. or the children of the hia religion. Yet thii very maa
: the he&d of a fet of ruffians
henevcr thry feized upon any
leri, he readily gave up all
the booty to his companions, if
they did but deliver him thefc un-
happy viflims alive. He tirll un- ■
drcft them, and tied them naked
jvechnrcb, at they were then to a tree, without any regard to
ter conftimted body; and their lex; he then op::ncd iheir
hewhole nation wai itiflamed bread near the heart, and drank
teal, which ii no where to their blood. He declared, that he
ind nt prefent, but among look great pleafure in feeing the

who are often the moft dif-
t lb that the ignorance and
rity of the Rnffian clergy are
atnral confeqaencei of their
iving received any principlei
■cation. Their power was
root only in the nmes of the

n-dafa of people.

dreadful concottioni and convul'

: common people are bigot- fions of thefe wretched people.

en to fanaticifm in favour
reek religion: this extrara-
increafei the farther we get
he capital; but thefe very
are fo little acqoain ted with
vligion, that ihey are per-

faA, though it may feem
fcarc* credible, was told me by
fomc Ruffians.

Such examples are rarely to be

met with in Rufliaj and I have

mentioned this only to Ihcw thit,

they fnlfil all its' duties^ by in this country, lefs attention has

iog with fome external ce- been given to form the manner) of

n, andefpecially by keep, the people by religion, than to

Leoi fafti with ihe great- oblige them to obferve certain cere-

B a raonieif

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

moniet, which do not always im-
prove the morals of mankind.

The men in Siberia are tall»
ftoar, and well made, as they are
almoil all over Ruffia : they are
cxceffively fond of women and
drinking. As they are flaves to a
defpotic prince^ they exert the
fame abfolute authority over their
Haves or inferiors* with Hill greater
feverity.

The women are in gepe ral hand-
fome at Tobolfky : their /kin is
exceedingly fair, and their coun-
tenance agreeable : their eyes are
black, langui(hingand down-caft;
for they never dare look a man
full in the face : they wear no
caps, but ufe coloured handker-
chiefs, which they interweave fo
carioufly among their hair, gene-
rally black and unpowdered, that
this kind of hcad-drefs gives them
a very bewitching look. They all
ufe paint, young girls as well as
married women: ;ind this cuftom
prevails even among the fcrvant
naidsy and fome of the common
people.

The women are commonly well-
made till the age of eighteen or
twenty ; but their legs as well as
their feet are always large. Na-
ture in this refpc^ fcems to have
had in view lit bulk they ufually
acquire ; uhich feems to want very
£rm fjpporters.

The baths, they uTe twice a
week, contribute chiefly to fpoil
their (hapes: they caufc fuch a re-
laxation in all the p^rts of the
body, that the beauty of the wo-
men is quite gone before they are
thirty year: of age.

Their dreft at ppefcnt is very
much like that whiuh is in ufe
throughout Europe. The mcn»'

drefs is exaftly the fane at Tdbd(-
iky, and ail over Ruffia. Soae
merchants, the noblemena' ftc«-
ards, and the commoa men aic
almoft the only pcrfons who bate
kept to the old drcfi, as well m
to the caftom of wearing the beard.
I faw only a few gentlemen atTo-
boliky, who had been diferaccd*
ill 1 1 conforming to thefe old caf-
toms, which they certainly had
lately taken up agkin. The drris
of the women at Tobolfky (I ei-
cept the head .drefs) differs froa
that ufed in Europe, only in ou
peculiar faftiions, with which tJiey
are unacquainted | they geoeraliy
wear a loofe gown like a domiaa
On public days, their gowns lie
much like the robes formerly wora .-
in France. This drefs came horn j
St. Peterfburgh to Tobol&y. ;

The men, as well as the wo- '
men, are generally richly drefleds ^
they get their (luffs and filks fiea
Mofco, and fometimea from Cbi*
na; but at Tobolfky, as throagk-
out RufTia, both the fexes arcrery
uncleanly, notwith (landing the
baths they afe twice a week* The
women change their linen bat fel-
dom ; and are unacquainted wiik
that variety of nndrefs, to which
the Europeans are accuftomed ;
and which is often more bewitch-
ing than the richeft ornamentis
fo that there are few opportunities
of being prefent at the toilet of tbc
Ruffian women.

In tl4e huufes of people of the
firll rank at Tcbr^fhy, as in moft
other parts of RufTu, there if bat
one bed for the hutbind and wife,
and fometinics one for the chil*
(!ren : all other pcrfjns in the hcufe
lie promifcudUily upon benches or
upon iiuis, which they fprcad on

the

CHARACTERS.

t.i« thcdilFerenc apart-
There ire no curcaini
^df ) and inlieaJ of a bol'
e huftiuii] and mfe have
F ibem ft¥ta at eight pil-
nc left than the other, raif-
tn form of two pyramid!.
ti if Bfoerallx Ihe princi-
ce of ^tniiure. Sometime*
■T >( Toboliky in bed-
fome wooden chair), aUrge
Lsd a fmall table.
k« whoUciiy of Tobol&y.
mi not ■ (ingle houre that
ij cirpeiing in ii ; fome
cUc'd one Dpon another,
d< fmootlicr than common,
bncbes and a few uocden
lude up all the furniture
rapa/imcnti.

TMwI&i men arc very jeD-
F ihor wives, as they are
bent tbe greater part cf
1 beyond the city of Mofco,
ir. ibey are feMom in com-
ritli ibem i fpen<^iiig molt of
J in innk\t\g, and gene-
iMiinig home drunlc The
I feldora go out; they live
< folueflcicd from focicty,
lip ID laxincfi »nd indoletKe,
arc the caufes of the de-
\ of their manner!.
I ItiiKl of delicate love which
|b frant fcniibility, and a-
nhkb the fekcfrlt viftuc
lalwayi ^uttd itfdf, ii heie
IvBlcnown.

k M lever never hii tlie fa [it-
lOf feeing ih? coafufica and
jrofbb ffiillicri.endearout-
a coBceal her

lendcrnera. Such rnuaiioni sre
never met with in Siberia, nnrin
the greuiell part of KuiTia, where
the polithed mannet] of ihc reft of
Europe htvc not vet prevailed. In
ihefe tiarbaiDUs region*, men ty.

they confider and treat ai their
Have), requiring of them the mod
fervile offices : in their matrimo-
nial engagement* [bey arc obliged
to bring them a handful of rodi,
in ^re« ceremony, and to pull off
their boots, as a token of the fupe-
riorityof thehuffaand.and ihefub-
jedion ofthe wife. Availing them-
felvB) more than any where elfe of
their fuperior power, they have
eftablilhcil the motl unjuft Uwi,
which neither the beauty nor deli-
cacy of the hx have yet been able
to aboliO) or fofien. We arc not
therefore lobefurprlzed, that that
delicacy of feniiment which cht-
raflerizes the people cf more ci-
vilised nations, is To rarely to b«
met with here. If fuch women
are wotth the attempt, boldnefi i>
often fulBcieni to infure fuccefs;
but oppormniiies of this kind lei-
dom occur, bj Mrmcn are fcarce
ever fcen, but when ihetr hufbaadi
are prefent; and if the leaft At-
tention If ihewn them on thefeoc-
cafioni, it u very probable oaC
miv not fee them a fecond time.

I faw fonie foreigner) at Tobol-
itiT, who hid been there ever
finceihe beginning of thelallwar;
unaccjuainrcd with the cuKomt of
the country, they •fieo rxperi-
enced difagteiablc confrqnence*

B 3 f loni

4

■ 'JMpIt afiintlirr nfnl to lie npon hoardt or bencho, on']
«m«rii)(; wa» IprfAil i there was no t'umiture in tfw boolb|".l
I went '•mvcKil with a cloth « peala. M. ik Voltaire,' i

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

from the idea that women were to
be treated with the fame polite*
Defs and attention here^ as in
the reft of Europe* They af-
' terwards became more cautious,
beinjL^ cooviiieed of the neccility
of takinjz: no notice of the ladies
before their hufl)ands; and joining
in with the convivial pleafures of
the latte*-. foon found means of
being admitted to greater familiar
titles with their wives in private^
Thus the depravity of the fex in
Iluf{;a is owing to the tyranny of
the men.

The women are captivated mere-
ly by fenfual pleafures, often giv-
ing themfclves up to their flavesi
among which they take care to
chufe fuch as are moil healthy and

The manners of this people will
never be improved^ while the wo-
suen are kept in a (late of iltvery,
and do not partake of the plea-
fures of focLcty. Although the
men are rcmarkaMy fevere to their
wivesy yet arc ihev very indul-
gent to ciicir daughter'. They
think that married women fhould
be entirely taken up with their
hufbands, but that )',reater liberty
may be allowed to the unmarried,
thereby to give them opportunities
of getting hulb^nd* : they very
foon avail thf^mielvcs of this free-
dom, without the content of their
parcnt.v or the fanttion of the
church. At twelve or thirteen
years they arr frequently no llran-
g: r^ 10 the rthcr lex ; but fuch is
the ini onfiiiency cf tai.s people,
thjit they cxpctX their daughiers
fhould llil! be vir:ufa:s, u.Iiilc they
all' w them luch lilnTty, as ou'*iif
ever to be rrgu!.:tcJ by a ^'ocd
education ; they iilio pretend 10
dcicffflinej with an abloiute cer-

tainty, whether their daoj
are fiill virein» $ ;Sis is don
jury of fkilrul women, whc-
mine this matter by .rierin]
the (Iri^ceA examination, 1
in other coantries^ would bi
fidered as very indecerc.

On the day aj jointed fi
marriage ceremony^ after th
ties have been joined by
as in oar church, the Uuy
rents give an elegant fupf
which the hufband's family i
fent, fome friends, rrij a
cian, who comes with an in:<
coanterad the witchcraft
might be pradifed by other
ciansi to preTent the confu
tion of the marriage. The
married couple, attended by i
father and a godmother, arc
dueled with the grcateft cere
into the nuptial chamber I
f upper.

The magtcianwalks firft,thi
father folluwicondafling the k
the biidegroom gives bi*
to the godmother, and the b
man his to the. hufband's d
female relation, who is one(
jury, which is generally com
of three or four women. D
this proceffion to the ni
apartment every thing is go
dy for the fead in the room <
the company iViys ; who waii
the return of the married c
to begin their mirth ; bein{
roughly perfuaded, that the
fion of the jury will be favoi
to the bride.

The marriage chamber coi
in general notliing but a
wljicli is ufuilly vrrj' neai
v^iihout curtains ; the ima^e^
by the godfathrr and goJn
to the married couple ; a
chairs, and a table^ with t

CHARACTERS.

ij, and glaSn, new which
Bttroa is placed,
ptoceflion having reached
'riage chamber, [he macron
le bride a waiter, on which
%* filled wich brandy and
qnori: the bride then pre-
lem to the magician firlt,
erwardt to the whole com-
lund ; the magician pre-
ii mi^ic art ; the bride ii
ndrefled, and left »iih a
^tticoacand an onder-waill-
ly ; both of them made on

for this dtj, which is con-
I to volnptuoarnefi. The
mmh is aifo undrelTtd, and
;own thrown over him ; the
lea kilTes all the company

offers them again a glils
Af i and when every body
ok a fecood time, they re-
1 an anticharober, leaving
ried conple alone with the

who affills at the ceremo-
wbich fhe is the more in.
, as die receives a reward
ady it acknowledged to be

; whereas fhe is obliged,
mliary happens, to drink

broken glal's. in the midlt
company, which ii conli-

a mark of ignominy.

ConrHmmation, the jury
n is called in, who Hrip
e quite naked, in order lo
'heiher (he was a virgin.

thall here pafs by the
hat are given to the corn-
on this occaGan, in con-
1 of the lady's chaflity.]

all the company u per>
tiified, the lady dances
w minutes with her buf-
id everybody Tits qiiickTv

the Eaiile, where moll of
commonlv get drunk,
were leveial marriages

while I ftayed at Tobol&r; but
I could never get any admiffion lo
any of ihe feafts t one lady in par-
ticular, oiherwife a very amiable
woman, was always againft it j
faying, Ihe was afraid I Jhould
think their ceremony ridicnloast
and give an account of it to the
public. In my way from Tobol-
Iky back again to St. Petcrfborgh,
I was invited lo a wedding, and
appointed bridefman, fo that X had
then an opportunity of leeing the
whole tranfa^ioD.

European manners have gained
very little ground in Ruffia; be-
caufe they are not conformable
to the defpotifm of the govern-
ment; they have neverthelefs in-
troduced luxury, and brought on
a communication between Ruffian*
and foreigners ; which has only
contributed to make the Ruffiant
more unhappy, by giving ihen
an opportunity of comparing their
ftate of flavery, with that of a free
people.

As I have feen the RuCani at
the diftance of eight hundred
leagues from court, I have been
enabled to ac<]uirc a competent
knowledge of this people.

Upon the whole, there is very
little fociety in RulTia, efpecialljr
beyond Mofco: neither is it pof-
fible there Ihould be much, un-
der a government where no maa
enjoys that civil liberty, by which
the fafety of the citizen, in other
coantties, is fecured. A mutual
fear prevails among individuals ;
from hence aril'ei millrnft, difguife,
:ind deceit. Freodfliip, that fen-
liment which contributes to the
happincfi of out livrs, has never
bren ktrown in Ruffia; it fup-
pofci a fenfibility which makes an
sbfolutc union of the two friends,
C 4 and

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

And effoffions of the hetrt, which
divide their pleafarei and paini
reciprocally. As the men have bat
little refpcA for the women beyond
Mofco, they are not attended to
in company, althoagh company is
nothing without them. They are
ftlmoft always confined to their
hoofes ; where they pafs their te.
dious days iimong their flaves»
without authority and without em-
ployment ; they do not even en-
joy the fatisfadion of reading, for
moll of them know not how to
read. I'he men are as ignorant
as the women. They vifit now
find then with great ceremony : the
governors and chief magiftrates
give grand dinners feveral times in
a year. Relations al/b meet now
and then, to keep the feaft of their
family faint; but they feldom ad-
mit any perion at thefe feafls, who
is not one of the family. At the
great entertainments^ both men
and women are invited together,
but they neither fit at the fame ta*
ble, nor in the Tame room. The
miftrtfs of the houie does not ap.
pear in the mens' apartments, till
they arc juft fitting down to din-
ner : ihe brings in with her a large
waiter covered with glaifes full of
brandy ; «^hich (he prefents, in a
\ery fubmiflive manner, to al! the

fueft^, v. ho do nv>t even look at
eri the glalTes are returned to
her, and (he withdraws imme-
diatelv.

There are always a great nam-
ber of people at thefe feaiis ; to
i»hich pcrfons of all ftations are
invited. Officers, clergy, magi-
flra:r«, aud merchants, are all
placed a: the fame table : but with
this difference, that rank is morf
ftriAly attended to than in any
Ocrmu) cotrt^ Military men arc

placed accordiag to Mt fi
ranks : and perfoat of odicr
feflions are difpofed in tke
manner ; ao regard ii p
birth.

AH the difliet are femd
once. Their foap is made \
ting the meat into fnsU p
the broth. They hare fa
gouts » which nobody who
ufed to can eat of. The
generally covered with fefi
ramids of roaft meat ; noft
compofed of different k
gamcj the reft of butcher
Chinefe fweatmeats arefei
ac the fame time, and fon
of the fruits of the coontry

Their manner of fittiB;
ble, and their cuftoms,
be very fimiiar to thofe wli
vail in fome diftridb of G(
but they have adopted ool
diculous parts of them, wli
have even rendered Dill n
culous. A profound files
ferved during dinner; y
interrupted only at timci
healths that are drank.

As foon as thry fit dow
ble, each man pours into
fome of the made.wia<
mentioned before; and
rife to drink each othen
Each gueft is drank t<
chriftian and furname; an
of wine is fw allowed to e
fon's health.

1 have bren at fome of t
ner$, w-here there were a
fixty people all drinking
other at the fame time.
attitude5, and the confufio
ferent found > had a very
effea. Peter not being
n.ake James hear him, wis
ing himfelf over the tal
bawliog oat as loud is h

CHARACTERS. j

te inlbitt, he wm inter' given in m dWereat manner. A

Fnaci), who wm bow- Urge gUfs botilei to which then ii
a, or by a knock of the alfo a fUlt top, iipliced on the u-
1 Philip, who wa< lUfD- hi e before ihe perfoaorthe bigheft
t from right to left with- rank. Thii petfon rifei from hia
cmng the podure Prter frit, at well ai hit right-band
Philip't cara came next: neighbonr, to whom he givei the
I lifting hi» glafi to his fae.-id of the bottle, and pooriog
lit neighbour gave him a Tome wine into the cup, givei oot
! elbow, and fpilling part the Emperor'i health, bowing to
e, interruptcii him at the the whole compan)'. At foon a>
strfting moment. Sacb he his drank, he givei the bottle

thefe, varied iihdiSereDt te hi] neighboor, who paflei the
ere repeated alffloft at top to the pcrfoo fitting next to
1 of the table ; and the him. All the company drink the
f of ihem wai enhanced, Emperor'i health in the fame maa-
-ving the impatience of ner, while a band of muficiana ia
he people. At to myfelf, employed in finging fongi adapted
lever find an opportunity to the ceremony.
ng any one's health ; but The healths of the princei as J

head in conllani motion, princcfTes of the royal family we
;htand left, and forwards, then drank in the fame order, and
koned a qualification to eating goca on for a iiltle time
e opportunity fo feafon- longer.

o drink to every pcrfon's The healths of all the guefta
without defcending from are then carried round, with ano-
nity, or meeting with any iher glafa bottle, which is not fo
beantifulu the £rll, and la covered
rft health beingover, every with a cruft of bread,
down, and ii at liberty to This toall goes roond nearly In
fewmomenti. GUfstum- the fame way as the former, except

a cylindrical form, fix that when the lid of the bottle i*
igb, and four wide, are given to ooe'i neighbonr, it ii nfoal
a different parts of the ta- at the fame time to lell htm the
'ery gueft within reach of chrillianaadfurnameof the perfon
efe tumbleri, takes it up whofe health ii going roond ; and
ksoutofii: it would be this rauft be repeated, making a

very unpulite, if he was bow to him ; this cnfiom it very
, glaft, in order to avoid tronblefome to firangers, at the
: out of the fame tumbler Ruffians have generally three or
ighfaour. This cullom is four chriflian names. This ce.

difagreeable, hut at the remouy is carried on with the nt-
te very dangrrout, on ac- mod gravity, and one mod be very

the f;urvy, which is »• e*»Q in the whole detail, which
'lequent in RulSa extends all round the table. How<

the company has eat for ever deliroui I w^s of being exaft,
minute.', [he Emperor'i yet 1 was always puzzled when the
ocj round. This toaA is toad came tome. 1 ufcd to forget

the

io ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

the number of faints named to mc« liquors drank after dinneTf «1ikk

mod of which were never inrolled arc not only very ftrong, but tht

in cur liiL I wls however very drinking it alfo inceflantly coo*

much crcrcifirdat thif. Brfidc.s I tinued till the evening. If the

had ufually for my nciphix)ur st company chufet to take a walks

Rullian, who was a very (Irid ob- the bottles and glaflei are carried

ferver of roles; he had acquired along with them | and this tt

by his ex^^tnefs a right of prefid- looked upon as doing the koooan

ing over the police cf the table, ccrapleicly.
and was very much out of temper. Some travellers aflert, that the

whenever any one was deficient in women as well as the men give

this point. Thi5 gentleman was themfelve» up to all the ezcefl^of

fo obliging as to fct me right fre- drinking; but I have always fen

quently ; but on one occsiion he the contrary. The women, after

was as muc!) puzzled as myfclf, dinner, remain in the fame roooif

when two cruHs of bread were pre- growing tired of one another; (or

fen ted to me frc^ni each fide, one of it is impofiiblc it ihoold be other*

which had fell fcveral times, con- wife, where thirty women meet

tr.iry to order, into the plates and together without one man*
into the bottle. Not knowing There is no other kind of Ibdal

whom I wus to anfwer, nor what I amufeoaent in ufe thronghoflt the

was to do with thefe two cruils, I whole nation, from Mofco to To*

referred the whole affair to him, boiiky; they dance foffletiaesi

sinJ fat down. He was informed, but that is very rare^ except al

thut, the company conriuing of weddings.

fxiy gie[l5, a iccond botilc \\i\d It is about fifty years fince the

l.crn called for, to hailen the ce. womenaiMofcoandSt.l'eterfborgk

r'monv ; but he decided, that it have 111,1 !-:cn cfrihe yoke of flavefVi

vvas better to be dctr.ined two hours to which they were fubjeAed by

longer at iMc, i!un to ntgkcl thfir hulbands. Before that tioie,

an\ of tlic Ui'u;ii f(?rm$. tlicv lived, and were treated iathe

At h(^, the crmprmy rofe from f?mc way a< in other partsofRutaai

table, and ^cntirio another room. If ihc manners have not been much

I imagined at firH, that the dinner bc:tercd from this change, it is

w. s ovc, r.nd iha: we were now to owing to thoir exceiGve depravity

r.rir.k s. f/er ; but wi;S much fu:- belore it inuk place. Throughout

y-lv.'\i l: ihi: fi^ht of a !..j.e «.o- KLi"i".;iin gen'jr«l, a man ha» much

v:r'.'-.l ui:li (Jnincie ivKcrtmc .ts in ;ir.iwt*r tor, il he is but agree*

I'.'L r urva; :£ vT...i:cJ. iVr ilie to:::- Lhi'/.

f ;i:.y, v/ith bof.lci. (f ii:'..i'i, bcir, ivlufco appe.ircd to roe prefer-

aiKi i.iiycr.'^r.t liruj i> i.m.Ic v'lih r.lv<r, in mair.' rcfpcil*, to St.l'c-

br"»r.."!v. C>:her- t f'^"'.:li: in w«;t- n'Lvir-ii. The city ot Mofco not

crs u::h gl.il; s. 'J''.': ' ( r.i ji.':i.y 1 1 :i 1: it.. lO ih;:ii two hundred ihort

t)^cn for in U.r drinliir;: r:\in ; Ic ♦.: 'i'^ ^-^-n: irofi:Si.Pctcrft>urgh,

and f'Cm li.'s tlmr criii:.* ii\ w is il.»- 'u^ errors. :.ic tco neir the tO'

::». a* rr... TI c R jlli-.r, iI'..M:r li \..-.<i;'n, lo he tvrannicjl; ard

ccculiimu'd to "ni^ ir:.rjiir o: l;v- ih-j i 11 h;;bi tints hr enough from

in^, ici^iom Ltr-.r k; '^iJrti.iity oi tii*: fc.it oi'^o\crnmcut, not to be

afraid

CHARACTERS.. it

)f • fcaffald for flight in' pherS hftvearcribcd tDthenorthera

Dill of fociKy *. Plearare nations ; the RuUiaD pnfaoia are,

11 after ftt Mofco, while the on the contfaryi pufilUnimouj and

aoticin hard]]' vcntare to cowirdiv to ^n incredible derree.
fit at St. Peterlburgh. There are no principlei of mo*

CAmmon prople in ReHiai rality among them ; they are more

no ideal of liberty, are aTraid of negle&ing the lent fajlf,

efi unhappy than ihe nobles, than of mardering a fellow-ciea-

f they b-vc but few ivilbes> turc, efpeciallyif be ii a foreigner;

oW.:entiy their wants are for they do not reckon foreignera

hey ure unacijuainied with among the number of their bre<

ndntiry or commerce, efpe- ihren.

tryond Mofco. Thejtullian The Rafltan and tbePolilb flavs

BO property of hi) own, is feem to differ from each other in

indifferent to every thing every refpeA : the Ruffian negleA*

might better his fortune, agriculture; ij generally itnooral,

•lenoblejiwhoireconllai-tly crafty nd fjbtle. On the coa-

r of banilhment, and of trary, the PoliDi flive talcet a plea-

their eflate) confifcated ; fare in cultivating the land : he ia

fo mnch employed in im- moral, and {lupid. ^hefe contra-

; them, a* they are in czpe- lietiei feem to me fufficiently ac-

» raife a fpeedy fapply of counted for from the different con>

noney, to gratify their pre- flitntion of the two nations, excTu-

dinations. five of other canfet, which niajr

Ruffian country people live poSbly have contributed lo t&M"

ery indiffrreot kind of food ; blt(h them.

refore, readijygivingway to The flave in Poland is in pof^

I in tiieir Itovc), thev p^fs felfioo of lands which are his own

ive* in the debaucheries of property) it ii natural, therefore*

and brandy, which liquor he Ihonld delight in improving

T they are not always able them ; fince by that he is enabled

:nre. If we were to Judge to fatisfy all his wants, and to ett>

a merely from the languid joy the comforts of life, without

ef lead, it might be ima- having recourfetocriminal afiioni.

that they have but few He is moreover fubjeA to a fet oF

on the contrary, they are free nobles, who may venture, in

canning, and greater rogues every inftance, lo be virtuous wllh

I y other n'tion, They are impunity. If he is ftnpid, it !•

narkaMy dextrous at thiev. bccaufely is enflaved. The Ruf'

rhey are not endowed with lian flave not having one inch of

lorage which fome pbilofo- ground at his own difpofal, a^rr*

culture

. de Montefcjuleu obreiTes, in the ii^h chapter of his liih booh, vhtre-
xMt «f iiidilcreet wonlt, liu: in the manifcib publiihal by the late
, jgair.i'. li.j Olp.iriiulki t,.inily -n 1740, oi.c of tho.'c pr ncEi ii fen>
o de.ili for liavlii^^ iife<l funie in.lfci.t expnllions ibuut ihe Ciarina't
anorbcr for hiving; milintrrprcted ncr v ife regulMioDi for the Bpod of
ire, and fur liavioj; otfendcd her lacted perluu by WMd* not luAcieatly

10 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

culrcre isindiiTsrent to him; he is the only being who can DOtpsrtaki
^illipfr to enjoy himfelf, end is of it. I'his depravity ftifies aD
find at' drinking branJy ; but as priii:iples of humanity^ Mz^d all
he can ffl'iom get it without theft, kind of f'^nTiment. Going, on ny
or trefpainng;<gair'!} the laws, the return fromToboliky,<oSt.Peterf*
liear cf punifhmcnt makes him burgh, into a iioufe where I was lo
cautious and fubtlr. lodge, I found a father cfaaiocd m
Slivcry has fetafide all the rights a pod in the middle of bit family:
of nature among the Ruiilans; by his cries, and the little rcstfd
the human fpecies is in Ruflia a his children paid to him, I ma*
commerci:] article, fometimes (rKl ^ined he was mad; but this wai
at a very low price; children are by no means the cafe. In RaSat
often forced from their mothers pcnple who are ient to raife re-
arms to be fold to prrfnns given cruit5, go through all thevillagcf|
up to debauchery. I'hejoy which and pitch upon the men proper for
other prople conceive on the birth the i'crvice, as butchers, in all
of their legitimate children is here other par:5, go into the tables Vi
iir.known. Tl'is event, en the mark the fheep. This man's fim
contrarv, is a forrowful one to a had been felcdled for the fervice^
young woman, ivho knows that and had made his efcape witboat
bsr cnild may be taken away from the father's knowledge; the father
ber, at theindant that he is play- was made a prifoner in his ova
in[> on her knee ; (he fucklcs him, houfe ; his children were bis gaol-
and takes a great deal of trouble ers,and he was in daily expedarioa
in briDgin;;; him up; he grcwr., of receiving bis fentence. I vai
r.nil the tiine draws near when ii\^ fu mii'^h Ihockedwit^ this accoiai,
is in continual apprchcnfion of and with the fcene I beheld, that
>>Gn<r; him : Gie never can flitter I was forced to feek another lod|«
Lcrfelf that, in this beloved child, ing immediately,
(lie Ihr.li find a fuprcrt and a friend This pradlicc has made theRof-
in her old ape. U'when fume a hat fians cruel and inhuman : theyaia
fartiier advanced in life, the child ani;nals whom their maAers think
jrerceives the tears starting from his they muft cruih with a rod of ifOOi
mother in confequence of thefe while they continue nnder tha
drratiful rcEcftions, he afks her yoke*.

i^e rf.ifcr!, prcflcs her checks be- The Ruffian nobility, having
i;«crn hi5 little h&nd', fooches her cruel .ind wicked flaves tonllaBtlf
with !;i:re4, and at length mixes before their eyes, have acquired a
his teirs v.i:b hers. frveritv which is not natural to

Tiir me;inefl aninnaU enjoy the them ; as they crouch before iheir
csi^.^pinefi caufed by the hirih cf fovereii^n, to their fuprriors, and lO
liieir >0Jii2: Man, in Ruiljj, is all ihoie lr<^m whom ihey have any

thing

• 'P.1C ciunmon pcni-lc in RiifT;! nj at pn.Ttiit fo ccriupt, that tlwy muft be
k'pi tn n tl'r if" ii;;:«l lr» viiMd^' v ilv il.iy c«:nTiunr rnll.ived : but ary maa
wiiii .. !^^«\> i.^nri'i't tu utiivl, wii'i cji'iiv conceive, t.'ii^T, with pr^.^nrr carCy
I'.rv niii'hl l*c riiifiki.l (•> iii'-ity, witlun.i h.^vin:; any thine to fc>ir I'ioib liiine
rtLnvfiiiriiiits wli^h id.'v be ilicu^'>»t tu tulLw ai tliA. While thry are flavcs^
hiy will iVk:r Lc v:.;<.u«.

CHARACTERS. ij

tpcA, they exercife ibe hi) nation, funk in ignorince for

i>ro«ralIp«rfoatrubjea more than fcven hnadred years

choriiy, or Mho have doc paR. Heaoderioolc ajoarneyiota

to nfift them, Earope, that he miglic become ac-

nmoD people in RuOla quainiedwith theariiind fcjenccf,

iiing to coniefl with (he and with every circumflaoce which

one might rearonably could poffibly tend lo complete

find happincfi among the defignt be hid forised. Jn the

In all other parti of cciirfe of hit journey, nothing

the cocntry people get cicaped hii notice; be vifited ibe

>o holidayt: the fatheti learned; he fought out the art t ft

public houfe, oftentimes in hii manufaflory ; made Mmfelf

m iheirlaboors under the mailer of the art, and being thereby

nee, and indulging in a mablcd to judge of the abilicteio'f

Iafi;ibe]r difcourfe about (he artilts, engaged them in tiii

their ifoclci and fome- fervice, whenever hefound theinta

converlatioa lurni upoD excel.

rhile a wretched lidler. All the fovereign power* inte-

a calk, malcea their chil- relied themfelves warmly in pn>-

ifiiely happy. moting the fchemes of (hit great

eaTorei are nnknowo ia man ; nambers of learned men and

e Gommon people dance artifts of ill kinda, from the feve-

hen, chieRy on certain rai part* of Europe, fet out for

e Carnival; when they Ruffia. Peter I. on bii return into

rgiven up todebanchery hia own dominions, rai fed public

enneft; fo that one can buildiagiconfecrated totheArlgand

tnre to travel at luch a Sciences EftibliOimenti, which,

fear of being ill treated in Europe were formed by degrees,

). The peafants in Ruf. arofe in Roflia all at once: -the

ly Aay in their flovei oa nobility bid aGde their beards, as

aadingat thedoortvith' well ai their ancient manner of

anyexercife: hzinefi ii drefs : the women, before confined
tplcaforeihey have,ncxt wholly to their houfes, now made
and drinking. If a Ruf- iLcir appear^tice in public meet,
that got allltlemoney, jngs, uuknown in Rtilia till (hi*
(he public houfe by him- period. The court became bril-
I it, and gets drunk in a. liant. Peter I. feemed to have
ei: he is then na longer farmed a new nitinn, though he
his fortune being taken h^d made t\r> alteration in the po-
litical coiiftitutiftn of the govern-
ill conclude this article tncnt: the nation rtmrioed in ■
cconot our author gives flate offlxvery, which helUllinade
{reft which the art* and more fevere. He forced all the
*e hitherto made in Ruf> nobility, without diSinflion, to
fctve in the army. A number of

afceoded the throne of young flavet were chofen oii( froai

.689; and immediately among the people, and £xed in tha

; dcfign of enlightening academiei aod fchoolt : of thefs

14 ANNUAL REGISTEfl, 1770.

ibme were deflined to literature,
others defizned for the arts and
fcicnces, v^ithout any regard to
their particular talents or inclina-
tion. Peter himrelfvifi ted the aca-
demies and the nianufadlories; and
often took the plane and the chifci
in hisown hands ; but fn Jtched the
pencil from the hands of a young
artift, who was painting Armidu in
the arms of RinalJo, and ordered
him to be flocrgcd.

The fucceflbrs of Tctcr I. pur-
fucd the fame plan ; the Academy
of Science's hoAXvcr [^aintd a le-
putation ; BernouiiIi,DelifIe, Her-
man and Eulcr kept up the credit
they had acquired in other coun-
tries ; the Arts (hone forth with
fome kind of fplcndor ; but t!te
Academy loft its repute, and the
Arts fen fib! y dccrcifcd,a- the great
wen firil invited into P.uiHa, cither
died or Iff: the country. The fo-
vrrcigns tlill continued to fupply
th.Mr 111 bj efts \* i;h ::blc mnlicr-, and
to encourage and protccc men of
abM;:ie5 ; butnotwiihll;;r.Jint{ thcfo
aJ van treses, not one Riinuu iias
appc;jrcJ in tlie coorfeof more than
f:xty years, wlioft; name drfcrvts to
be recorded in the hillory of the
Art.< and Science'-.

Men of abili:ic£>, invited in:o
Ru(i:a from foreign parts, appear
mcftly to be difcouriigc.l, and not
to perfcverc in their llu:Hc£ wiih
the frjmc earncrtncfs a< they did in
their oivn coiintrv. In the vcjr
1761, fevera! forei^^ncis of ilie
firil r.\nk in the r'^poblicdf Irtier;,
belonged to the AcaJeiny of St. Pe-
terfl>ar(^h ; amonsr ihcfc xr.ay be
mentioned M. Epiney, L- man,
BiauD, Tauber,Stelin,and Mulcr,

formerly fecretary to the Acadenf*
and at prefect direAor of a fchool
at Mofcc, ai 1 was informed ataf
return into France. The late Mr.
Loroan fow, a Ruffian, wib a mu
of genius; and would have oade
a confider.-'ble fis^ire in any oiber
Academy. Mr. Kamoufki, as yet
too young a man to have acquiiti
any great degree of reputation, ii
P'frtfTed of great oat aril abiliiiei,
cud a thirfl aficr knowleJge. very
uncommon among the RuOians.

Notwiihflanding this numberof
learned men, it fliojld feem ai if
genius in mod of them wa» wea-
kened, as foon as tbey came jon>
Ruflia, fo that the academies and
fchools feem to derive their ckief
credit from the names only of the
learned which are in I^^oilfia. The
annals of the Sciences furnifh io-
conteiUble proofs of this afler:ioif
and any man whohasnctexaroioed
thcfe, rnnv be convinced of tbii
truth, by confulting thoufandiof
travellers, who have refided It Sl
Pctcrf?iur;.'h, and it Mofco.

Thii itatc of the Arts itii
Sciences in Rullia implies a defeat
the caufc of which mull be fought
fur» eitlier in a want of genius pe-
culiar to the nation, or in theoa-
turc of the government, and !):«
climate. A philofopher ^i whofe
name uill be held in veneraticn
by the I.ijcil pollerity, fpeakingof
the difiVrcnce of men with rf}p«A
to clitnite, reprefcnts the people
ol the Ni:rth a; having coarferftr-
pans, ;.r,J being animated »iih
fiuiuH «>f a grotTer kind, bciifr
ad:.p ed to produce large robull
bndits ih.tn men of genius; but
this philofoplicr would have i»

coafidcr

• Montenrjulcu, liv. xiv. chip. il.

CHARACTERS.

»S

;m> tt the fame time,
iTe, fimple, unreferved,
r people, without po<
It, having few vices,

virttut, a gre*t deal
and hoDelly, and whofe

are not very amnrous.
ravelled ia RulHa, I
a met wiih a people
athom what I expeAed
'in the ideas of tbi; ce-
ilofopher. It roiift be

i.lhii fubjefl, he has
he people of ibe North
lly of their govern ment ;
fo far altered the nature
Lnflia, by fubduiog even
iei which are lead un<
itroal of the authority
ngn, that it isextremely
fccrtain the dittingui fli-
er of the nation j and
his reafon that I have
tfined royfelf to therela-
« upon thii point,

nong the Ruffiaot, ai
it they have a peculiar
imitation. In Rnffia,
, mafoni, carpenters, &c.

aa a foldier is in other

Each regiment has, in
irps, all the nectlTary
1 it not obliged to have

manofaflurcf, as is the
-» where elfc. Theyce-
iheftatnrcwhatemploy-
1 ta moA lit for. They
ieralotk trra pattern,
i to make others like it,
fs it with the grcaiclt
but the original muil be
berwife he would copy
ta defc^, however eafy

10 corrcft them. The
>e obferved iviih rejiard
id workmen of all it'ia^i.

This particular talent of the
Ruffians is fo remarkable, that one
may fee it prevail in the nation,
immediately on coming into Ruffia.
One may ealily perceive, that the
Ruffians poflefi it in fo eminent a
degree, that they might have been
formed into a very different people
from what iheyare at prcfent. .

1 have obTervid thai the Ruffiani
were naturally chearfuj ; that thejr
have the true fpirit of fociety, and
that ibey delight in it; thcfe cir-
cuniftanees are evident in the Raf-
Ganj who travel into foreign coun-
tries. Why then is a Ruffian, at
leafl in fomc refpefli. To different
from what he might be ? The na-
tureofeducaiion.andofthegovem-
inent.willfumifhtbefolutionoftbi*
problem.

In a good government, the edo-
caiion of children IhouJd be di.
re&ed to virtue, the love of our
country, and the bappinefs of fc-
cicty. Such an education is inii-
maiely connedled with the political
fyltem of a good government; but
it fuppofes that the inttrcft of iLe
fovereign (houlil be the fame a*
ihatof the nation. The regularhy
and harmony of a good adniiniDr^-
ttan confllb in the relatirni and
exaft eo.-rbi nations of ihefe tuu
interclta ; this conliituiei the pawcr
of the fovereign, and the hnppi.
nefs of the people. Hence ;\tifi;s
that love of our country, which
induces every ciiizsn lo conS.lfr
the good of the nation a> Vif own ;
public gralituJe infpirej end keeps
up the luvc of fame, bri;igi for^ii

, and i

ifurc

D the

poP.e.-iiy.

The love of fame and of our

coun-.rv is unknown in Ruffij;

defpotilm debjfti ibc mind, damps

the genius, and llillci every kind

of

^6 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

of fentiment. In Roflia no perfon
dares venture to think ; the foal ia
fo much debafed, that itsfacultiei
are deftroyed. Fear is almoft the
only paffion by which the whole
nation ii a6toated.

I have (e^n in thrir fchools a
young mathematician Hudyinj; Eu-
clid with a piece of wood fattened
to his neck ; and mafters com-
manding abilities, as an army is
taught to exercife.

I was told by a famous foreign
artift, who Had the direction of one
of thefe fchools, that he once
found among his pupils one of a
fup:rior genius. DeHrousofpufh-
ing a young man forward, who
might dohim honour, he took great
care in inilrudting him ; he was
well pleafed to obferve the daily
ijnprcvenients of his pupil ; but in
a little time the young man liopt
ihort. The ariiU, having tried to
encr.urape him by all kinds of
mild procfcuinj^"-, aflccd him at lall
an a very friernlly manner, why ne
h.iJ tr.ken a C'hllie to ni> bufincf-.
J am, nnlweicd :lif vnan^^ man,
ilavc to M***, wf^cn he hnis that
1 am a profici'.n*, he \vi!l nhlige
me to work in his own houie,
where I (hall meet wiih fucii ill
treatment, that I liad much rather
live in the fame manner as my
comp tiiion^.

1 have kncwn fevcral perfons
who were j)er«'uaiietl thit the R..r-
fians were inc«p..l)'e of making
anv C'-niu'erdblr ir:]provcm'Ti?s in
any iliin*:. 1 ihirk tin: opinion is
ci'i'i"Iy j?ronn».W"l."» ; I'uh \ac\s s I
ha'.ebeci relating of ihis young
(l.ive, have jjiven rife to ihi» mil-
lake, Thefr ^ids,nn ihe contrary,
imply at lc«ll a gnac Ihare o(
judgment.

The government has attempted

to rfAify feme of thefe iBceavs'
niencies, by ordering that all per*
font who (houid diftingaiOi thcs-
felvet at the fchooli, f.oald m
longer be flaves to their lords, btc
(hould belong to the ftate. In cUi
cafe, the lords wilJ either avoid
fending their flaves co the fchooli,
or will find fomt- means of keepiig
them to themfelvee, fo that they
mud ftill remain in a fiate of
(lavery,

I Could mention a number of
facls of the iame kind as tte
former, of 4hich I have been wit«
nels ; but I fliall pifs chea oveit
to avoid giving offence to iomt
perfons at prefent in RniEa. The
fatal efFefts of defpotifm are a«
tended over all the arts, all the
manufadores, and are convfycd
inioalltheworklhops. Theartiii
are c''*nined down to their work.
This I have feen frequently, ei'pe*
cialiyiit Mofco, and itiswithfgch
uorkmen thatthe RufliansimagiM
thcv can imitate the manafadonci
of Lyons.

Scm^ account cftbeTzvlMT^ ^RafiOf
uruitr the ^ovirnmcHt of RalEi-
Frzm tbejume.

AT length I came to BirDi,i
villagtr inhabited by Tarlirs
many of whom came ont to nfft
me, at the diHance ofawerft froa
the village, cxprefDng, by fignii
their ;;r at drfire to ferve me. It
w:>s rviiimt from the candor and
tn'.nquillity obfervable in their
counicnarccs, that thefe profeifioai
wfrr finer re ; fo that 1 followed
them without any apprehen(ioai»
Tli'v placed themfelvrs before my
c;irri \yr, and conducted rae to the
huufc of the chief perfon in the

tiliagPf

CHARACTERS.

'7

e, vlio was held in great
una among them : hii merit
U ▼irinei had emitled him
le over ihrm, wiihoat the
of an eleAioD. They had
red a kind of dioDer for me,
tiDg of iionejr, bultcr. and a
egctablet. Their houfM are
ir, as thore of the Siberiani
irty. In other rerpetts they
early after the fame manner,
t that Ibey are Mahome:an».
cir drefi has foine lefemblance
K of (he Rofliint. The Tar-
rear a woollen jacket, wbich
bind with their girdle ; over
they have a full long rob*
Bg loofe and flowing. They
It M*c boot! on. Their heads
laved, except on nne fpot at
■aclc part, which they cover
a fiDall piece of leather. They
a cap edged with furi They
all. ftrong, and well made ;
heir drefs ii perfeAly becom*
Notwithftanding the mildnefi
idr countenances, they have
he appearance of a warlike
sdependent people ; and have
d preferved their former pri-
M. In war. time, they furnifh
.nffiaoi with a certain number
Mpi. which are kept in pay
e latter.

le diefs of the Tartar women
■ bnt little from that of the
; ii ia Ihorter, and they wear
irdle above the robe. Their
drefs i) a cap, fometimes

in formof afugar-loaf, and
ed with copec* and glafs

; a large piece of cloth
cd to the bick part of the
ind hanging down below ihe

ia ornamented in (he fime
cr. They wear booti, and
t be taken for rten at firll
a, XllJ.

Gghi, if not diftioguiihed by their
head-drefs. They fhare moft of
their h'olband) labonrt, by whom
ihey are very mildly treated, and
there is not the Icaft fupcrioricy on
either fide. . The married women
Teemed to enjoy a perfeS freedom ;
the girl} on the contrary are mnch
confined; but notwithftaoding the
waichfulnefi of fathers and mO-
theri, they contrive to flip away
upon feme occafions, which they
make the moft of. In Siberia, the
married women are confined, and
the girls left more at liberty, which
Ihey alfo do not fail lo take advan-
tage of, as we have before obferved,
fo that in all thefe coantriei the
girls feem ID be very troublefomr.

The drefs of the RulTinni differs
from that of the Tartars, inafmuch
as the iirft weara kind of w.-.iUcoat
inllead of a tunic, and that they
often leave their Ihirts hanging ont
of their breeches. Over the waift-
coat, they wear a kind of jacket
with a girdle. They havenoboou,
but wrap up their Icgi in cloth,
which they fatten from the bottom,
with a cord. Their Qioes are com-
mOElv made of the bart; of trees.
All ihe common people of RuIHa
have kept their heinlt, and they all
wear caps. The drrfj of the Tar-
(■rs is in every refpeil preferable
to that of the RuCJan men : the
firft is elegant, but the latter
fcanty. The fame cannot be fnid
of the drefi of the women. That
of the Tartar women is generally
more rich, but not alwiyi fo plexf-
ing. The Ruflian women when
at home, wear above their fhifri
a tunic, which teac^es down to
their heels, tnd ii buttoned at
the forc-part. When they go oi:t
of doors, they put on a gown c<-

i8

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770

this, and fometimes a man tie.
Their head-drefs is more like a hat
than any thing elfe, and is ufaally
ornamented with copecs and fflafs
beads. The girls drefs in the lame
manner, excepting only that they
have never any caps on, and that
they only bind their hetdi with a
kind of ribband.

When I left Birna» the Tartars
doubled my number of horfes, on
account of the mountains we were
to crofs, without making any dif.
ference in the price; neither would
they arccept of any confideratioo
for the entertainment they had
given me.

[Thofe Tartars whom our author
has defcribed, live ina yery remote
and defolate country : he gives the
following account of thofe that in-
habit the capital city of Cazan,
and the cultivated country in its
neighbourhood,]

I arrived at Cazan the £rft of
Odober; where a Tartar prince
was the governor, who received
me very gracioufly : he had ordered
an apartment to be got ready for
me ; but M, Weroffchin, a RufTian,
whom I h^d the honour of feeing at
St. Peterlburgh, had been fo kind
as to give me a lodging at his houfe,
to which I was conducted.

The next dny I waited upon the
governor ; after a few compliments
had pafled which I did not under-
fiand» we feated ourfelves round a
table covered with a beautiful
carpet ; on which were placed four
large pipes and a china bowl, full
of Chmefe tobacco: 1 fmoked for
a few minutes. After this fome
iifutkri of the country were fervcd
up ^iih fweetmeacs, fruics and a
water me^on : which lad fruit isfo
exceedingly delicious here, that I

~ ate nothing elie* Mel<
great plenty at Cazan ;
do any hert, how much
may eat of them. I \
fruit fo much better thaa
ever met with of the
where elfe, that I broo
fome of the feeds^ bat th
an fwer in France.

A great many of the ii

of Cazan are Tartars ; i

far from being perlecoi

that, on the contrary^

treated with the otmoft

ation ; lb that they are

tached to their fovereigi

have preferved the inoi

their manners, their pro

their truth ; and are moi

pofleiTed of fmall fbrtones

dreis is much richer tha

the other Tartars 1 har

fpoken of: the drefs of tl

is even diiFerent in ibdie

chiefly with regard to thi

for I never faw any caps

form of a fngar-loaf. Th

drefs is very fimilar to tl

Ruffians, except that tl

jewels and pearls iniermi

their hair. They alfo ma

ments of the fame kind,

which they put upon the i

their gowns ; others are

round the neck,' and haj

upon the bread.

jf/t account of the /ollotviM^
people, from thefamiWri
<u/ doubt not^ bi aine^
readers^

0/ tifiV/oTlAKt,

SOWIOLAVA is a
inhabited by the Woti
refoived to fpend part o

CHARACTERS.

%iA ikcle people, en account of
Iher fingilir appearance ind drcft.
BsBr anthori hire reckoned them
•■oag the Tartiri, but [ coulJ not
•bferve the leaA anaIo);y between
tkc two nation*. The Woiiak men

a«c than foar feet, a Tew inchci
kigh, and are of a very weak and
wicaie conHiiotion, The drefi
tf ibe men ii the fame ai ihat of
AeRnfliaai; bni tbe ilreA ofthe
VmcDhainottheleaflrcfenibUnce
Id thofe I have ben in Silierin,
nejwcar a bift of coarle linen
Hi at the bofon like a mnn's
Inn i and hemmed ai ilii* opening
nih thread or worfled of differenc
Obwa. There i* alfe a little or-
■UUOI of a triangular £gure
VRMght on the right lide of (he
* ftifL Thcir.gDwnii woollen, and
kui ft gnat refemblan.-e to ihe
kihitof thejefuiis in college; the
flccfnof the nppcr gown are flic
a the niddle, to give piifTjge to
Ac armi t and the lower part of
tkc flecve general!)' hang) down,
TUt gown, which rejchei dawn
hthc legi, ii faRcned at the fore*
put merely by a giidle, curioufly
■nagbt. Thejr wear alfo coarfe
dsth Sockingt. and fandal:, the
kmt u the Ruffians. ThHr hrail-
JttGii very remarkiible: ihey fir.'l
•np np their beadi tvith a tnwel,
enr which ihey f^iHen, with two
ftriagi, a kind of iicimei, made
efike b^fk ot a trrc, and orna-
Mated at the lbre-|iart with a
^rce of doth and nith copecii.
Tbii helmet iiifterward) covered
ftiih a handkerchief, wrought with
Artidor worfted of varioui colour-,
Ud edged with a fringr. Thii
kctd^refiis above orr foot high.
Tkcir hair ii divided into two

treflei, which fall down upon the
bread with a necklace, fach ai the
Tariiri wear. One of my atten-
dants, being defirnui of examining
thii necklace, opened one of thcle
womeni' Ihifi* in fuch s manner
at 10 uncover alt her breaft, at
which Ihe wii fo far from being
difplearcd, aUhough it wa» done
in public, thatfhc laughed at his

Curinliiy.

M. Strahlemberg thinks thefe
people fome of the moll ancient in
Siberia. They have profcfTed

ChrilHanity for fevrral years pafl,
but are fo igncrant, that they have
not the leall idea <f this religion.
The Rufliintfent [hem pn''fti,and
fume troopi, to Convert them. I
found a RuIEar miflionitry at So-
wialova, who wai deputed to in-
ftruQand baptize them. Although
he was unacquainted with their
lanijuage, he n^verthelefs made
Chriftiansaf them; fj that they
(till adhere to ail the fopertlitiont
part) of their religion.

Ai I nas delirous of purchafirg
one of the womens' drelTei, one
was brought mr, which they fold
me for about > guinea. As foon
»a the penple of the village were
acquainted »'ith this circumllance,
ihry got together, and claimed the
Orel's %Aclc again : far they locked
upon this asafarrilegiousbargairr,
the punilhment of which would
fall on the village, beciufe ihey are
obliged, by the articles <l their te-
l:t;ion, to bury (he women with
trieii cloathi on. The woman from
whom I had bought the drcfs, wat
called upon to anlwer the charge
bio'jghi againft her: fhe owned,
Aic had fold it; but alledgrd in
her def;ni.c, that it belonged to
her late mother, who lived at iba
C a tima

ao ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

time they were made Chriftians,
when the EmprefB had forbidden
them to bury the dead with their
cloaths on. The woman was ac-
quitted ; but the Wotiaks were ftill
inclined to make me return the
drefs; which ■ I (hould not have
been able to keep, without the
afltdance of the foldieri, who were
put in a pofture of defence.

The Wotiak women are gene-
rally very ugly, and more flovenly
than any other people of the north,
except the Samoyedes, according
to the account I received of them
from Ruflians who have travelled
in that province. The Samoyedes
never wear any (hift: their drefs
is mndeof the (kin of the rein-deer^
in form of a bag. Their dockings
are of the fame ikin* and they
A)metimes wear fandals, according
to the Ruilian fafhion. A RnfTian,
who hat travelled among the Sa-
moyede*, mad^ mc a prefent of
one of ihefe dreiTes.

Some account rf thf life^ misfortunes,
a*.d (hnrader of the celthratcd
Fa'v.urite, Prince Menzikoff";
t:ik n from Gf'/rai Mar.tlein*/
hijioricni^ pditical^ and military
iJemoirs r/' Kiifiia.

C'Aiherine, whofe afcent to the
I th r ore \%a«- o^vini, to the affec-
tion of Peter I. died on the i6ch of
Miy 1727 ; and Voxcv 11. as law-
ful heir of this vafi cnuiiie, fuc-
cer<J"d in courfe. Th'*- -'""cwas
bo»'n in 17 15, from the marriage
of the Cz .rrwitz with th* prir.cefs
of Wol fen battel. He was hut
eleven vears and an half old at his
acceffion to the crown : upon which
conlideration, Catherine ha J, in

the fecood article of her i
dered that he ihoaid be oi
tuition of a regencvy confti
the princeflfet her daughter
and Elizabeth p of the £
Holftein, hufband of the
Anne, of the prince pf i-
biftiop of Lnbeckt contn
marry the princefs Elizabi
of the mem ben of the co<
ftate, which at that tine i
of fix perfoni, ontil he 1
compliued theagcoffixte
council of ftatt was com|
the following members; th
MenzikofF, the high -ad m
praxin, the hifirh chancellc
Golowflcin, the vice-eh
count Oftermant the adaa
councellors prince Demetri
cbelowitz Gallitziop and
Loukttz Dolgomcki.

This regency nerer al
in a body but one fingl
which was on the day that I
prefs Catherine died» whea
was done but to ratify i\
which was broke into tw
after: for it was therein ea
ordered, that all aflFairt (b
decided by a plurality oi
This by no meant fnited
Menzikoff, who meant to
arbiter and mafter of afia
fomuch that the others wc
to obey his orders.

It was eafy for him to fu
this defien, no one daring
pofe whatever he refolved,
rifking his ruin. He had
diatcly, on the death of ]
got the whole power into hii
and, in order to maintain
in it, he had difpofed the 1
Catherine to accept one
daughters for fpoufe to the
ror. She had made an aj

CHARACTERS.

her wiU, and Menzikoff',
St any onc'i ■cccfi to the
r witboDt bit Imvc, made

lodged in hii own paUce
le very day of ilie deceafe

Emprer*; and this while
e of Holftein aad hii mi-
were amufing ihemrdvei
xalutioai on the noble
IkCj thongbt they had ftruck,
iag the regeiicy be given
ly the wilt of Catherine,
as in tbii light they conG-
tbii arraogemeDt. The
I being at the head of af-
■d having the prefidepcy in
locilt they imagined they
tiave all the votei of it at
lifpofsl; but Menzikoff',
crt and deitcroui ihu they,
cCB early c»e to the coo-
in Rnffia a cullom, at every

of reign orof miniftry, to
; fbme prifoner* of Hate.
I. not to be wanting in fuch
:, gave order for the en-
:Bt of hit grandmother, ihe
t Eudosia Feodorowna La-
I,. whom Peter I. bad dj-
aod confined to a convent
I : he ordered her a court
imed to her rank, and in-
:r to Peierlburgh. But thig
I having too great an aver.
;aialt this town, and not
the miniAr? pliable enough

her any Aiare in the ga-
it, rcfolved to remain at
f, where Ihe lived in retire.

family of the Lapouchini,
ilaiioni to that Empref<,
fo recalled from the exile
h they had been for fever^l

t t&s of grace had been

11

carried againft the indinatim of
MeniikolF, at the fuggellion of
fame of the members of the high>
coancil, who had found means Id
foften the young monarch in favour
of hi) grandmother, and of her
near relations, and had purfuadeit
him to inRll on iheir rdeafe fron
imprifonmeni.

Though all this was not wery
pleifing to MenzikofF, he durfl not
however openly oppofeit, but en-
deavoured to befet the Emperor,
to the excIoGon of every one that
was not of hit crcaiurei; not
enjoying a moment') reft, in the
fear of having ill offices done him,
being fenGble that the whole nation
deieftcd him.

Some of the great had already,
in the piecedtQi ri'ign, entered
into a combination againft him,
and wanted the Emprefi lo remove
him from her councils. Thole
nobles who had projefted thi>,
had been employed by Peter 1. in
the affair of the Czarewiiz, and
were afraid of the revenge of Pe-
ter I[. in cafe of his coming to the
throne, for the ill-treatment which
his father had received. They
tried then topurfuade Catherine lo
fend the young prince to foreign
counirici to purfuc hii lludies ;
having refolvcd, that if the Em-
prefs (hould chance to demife while
he was abfent, to give him the
exclufion, and raife the dutcbefi of
Holllein to the throne.

Par thi( they had taken their
time, while Menzikt.ft' was in
Courland to fettle every thing ;
and for fear that he- Ihould dilion-
cert their dcfignh nn his return,
tlivy had unHcr akcn to give trie
Knipier> uaa nnpre.Ilont uf bin,
in whiLh they had fo fufuccceded,

C 3 that

ai ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

that her majefty had adlually fign*
ed ID order for putting him under
an trreft, before be ihoold re-
enter Pcterfbcrgh.

By lingular good.lucic for Men-
zikoF, the count BafTevitz, firft
minifter of the duke of HoIRein,
had taken ic into bis head to fup-
port this favourite^ and eafily per-
fuaded his mailer to it, who en.
treated of the emprefs her forgive-
nefs of him, and obtained ic.
MenzikofF being returned to the
court, was made acquainted with
the finiHer defigns of his enemies
againfl him. He caufed a Unti
refearch to be made of them, and
all the partizans of the houl'e of
Holftein were taken up, and fe-
verely poiviihed. Menzikoff's own
brother.inlaw, a Portuguefe, caU
led de Vycira, and the general Pif-
arew, underwent theknnut; their
eflates were confifcated, and them,
felvet fent to Siberia. An aAual
privy.counfellor, Tolftoy, as well
as his fen, the general Butttrlin,
and Tome others, were alfo banifh-
ed to Siberia: the count Alexan-
dcr Narifkin, and the general Ouf>
chakow, wtre refpedlively confined
to their eftates.

It was faid, that the count de
BafTevitz, who, by an over-confi-
dence in prince MenzikofF, had
commi^nlcated to him the overtures
made him by fome of the great
men of the court, touching their
partial difpofitions in favour of the
duchrfs of Holflein, had furniQied
Meiizikofif w;th the occafion, of
which he inAantly availed himfelf,
of breakii.g ail their meafures.
The others, who dill remained
atuched to the court of Holflein,
wereexuemely intimidated at this;
and conceived at the fame time.

not only a great diflrofla
great contempt for Bafl!evin.

Bat prince Mcnz^kcff «
fatisfied with their being pi
at that time, and was deie
to p refer ve the memory of i
Kuffia, fo as to prevent an)
tatio.n to hurt him for the
Accordingly the council (
ifTued a proclamation, by
folemn warning was given
any fuch dangerous confedt
under the penalty of bcii
nifhed with great rigour.

The edift was (igr.ed the
June, and on the fame da
celebrated the efpoufala. i
young Enperor with the di
oi prince MenzikoF. Her
then imagined himfelf on il
nacle of earthly felicity.
remained for him the execai
but one projeA more, to (i
above all danger. He wan
marrv his fon to the
Duchefs, Natalia, fifter i
Kmperor ; in virtue of wh
was to tranfmit the throne o
fia to his pollerity. The pi
not ill imagined ; but it fa
execution. Jn the mean wl
got himfelf declared generi
by lea and land.

The duke and dachefi o
ilein were now the only perl
that gave umbrage to Men
who was afraid lelt the i
(houlJ form a new part)
might oppofe his vad dcfign
at the fame time imagined
after their quitting the I
him, no one would dare
On a fudJen then, he ce:
keep any meafurcs with th'
that, throwing in their wa
kind of dilEculty and dif|
conllrained thcm^ at Icng

CHARACTERS.

'J

Rofia. Tkeir departure,
tr, did not Icflen the oum-

kiaeaemici: the troth is,
c lud drawn opoo himlelf
inr&l haired of the n«ioD.
ksd nkeo the precauiion to
in nitenducc about the En>-
none bat hi> own creatorei,
ich a* owed their fortune to

bat M he hnd direfily couo-
mI and Ihockcd all the aitci-
aiitea, and at, among ihofe

be conid net well debar of

to the Emperor, there were
whofaw with pain their tela-
in exile, the^ feifed aa occa.
if making the young prince
k, that Menzikoff wat exer<

a perfed defpotifm, which
J hoping AiJl niore to con-

hy the confummatioa of
mperor'a marriage with hit
iierj tfaati tn Ihuri, tojudoe
a by hii ambiiion, be might
it into hit head to attempt
ling the throne. Tbey at
une time eaiocftly entreated
nperor to keep theii fecrec,
I he proraifed ; aod actually
iflemble, till he found a fair
OB for veoting his rcfent>
: Mcoiikoff foon furnifhed
' a Drake of terrible giddincfi
nodence.

c company of mafons had,
Mt jullly now remember on
occafion, made a free gift to
Enperor of nine thoufand
1. Thi* prince, havmg a

to give hit fider the pleafure
• ptcleDt, (ent her that funi
oc of his geoilemen ; who.

OKt by Menzikoff, wa> ajkcd
m, where he wai going wiih
ooney ? The gentleman told
The other replied, •' The
apctor it ai yet loj yoong to

*• know how to difpole of money;
" carry it to my aparimenii | I
*■ will lake an opportunity to
" fpcak to him of it." The gen-
tleman, who knew how dangeroai
it wai to oppofe the will of Menzi-
koir, did not fail of obeying him.
The next day, the priDcefi, fiBer
to the Empcrrjr, came to pay
him a vific, according to cuflom.
She was no foooer in the room,
than he alked her, if the prelent
he had feni her was not worth a
compliment of thanks. The prio-
cefi naturally anfwcring, that (he
bad received nothing, ne Empenir
flew into a great paBtoo, The
gentleman wat called, and being
■hed by him what he had done
with the money given bim to car-
ry to the princefi. wat obliged, in
hit own defence, to fay that Men*
zikofF had taken it from Bim.
But thii only the more irritated the
Emperor, who ordered Menzikoff
to be teat for, and, when he came,
demanded of him in a great rage,
how he came to h«ve the boldnefs
to hinder hit gentleman- from «x-
ecuiing hii orders? The prince,
who was not nfed to hear the Em-
peror'fpealc to him in that. tone,
wat perfe&ly ihunderllruck. He
anfwered, however, that it wat
very well knOwn that the Aaie w*|
in want of money ; (hat the trra.
fury was exbaullrdi and that he
had propoied ihat vrtj day to pre-
fent a pri<je<\ of the manner in
which that fum migii.t be more
ufefuliy employed. H'- added,
" If, however, your m>j< ft> com-
" mandt it, I will no only oufe
" to be returned the n.KC hoifand
" ducats, but advance you a
" million of rublct out of m> own
■• purfe."

C 4 Th«

84 ANNUAL REGISTE;R, 1770.

The Emperor was not pacified
wich this anfvbcr; but, ftamping
with his foocy faid, ** [ will make
'* you know that I am Emperor,
** and that I will be obeyed.'^
Then, turning his back upon him,
]eft him. McnzikoiF followed
him, and, at length with much
incrcacy, appeafed him for th;it
time; but this calm did not lall
long.

A few days afterwards, Menzi-
kofF fell dangcrouily ill. This
gave his enemies time to make
furc of his ruin. The princes
Dolgorucki, and efpecially the
Kncz I wan, whofe great favour
was beginning at that time, pre-
vailed fo as encifcly to alienaie
from him the mind of their mailer.
MenzikofF was not ignorant of
thefe cabals againlt him, nor of
the decline of his credit ; but he
hoped foon to recover his former
degree of favour, and to over-awe
the Emperor by that tone of au-
thority, which he had ufed to take
towards him.

As foon then as MenzikofF was
recovered, he committed a freih
fault, in i^oing to his country-
houfc at Oranjenbattm^ which was
about two miles from Peter hofF,
where the court had removed dur-
ing his illnefs. Hn had built a
chapel at Oranjcnbaum, which he
wanted to have cunfecrated. The
Emperor and all his court were in«
vitcd to alEll at the ceremony.
But his enemie.s who haJ too
much caufe to dread his revenge,
in cafe of his reconciliation with
the Emperor, perfuaded this prince
to excufe himfelf on the day of the
ceremony, under pretence of an
indifpofition. He followed their
advice ; and yet, for all that, Men-
zikofF ^id not apprehend that this

betokened hit entire difgricf. Hi
had even the imprudence, daring
the feftival, to feat himfelf on a
kii'd of throne, which had been
placed for his majefly. His cse.
mies did not fiil of makic; the
moll of this circumftance, which
contributed to determine his tVii.
The fime evening, MeRt'l^'fiF,
repaired to Peterhoff, where he did
not find the Emperor, who haJ
been carried a banting. He ad-
drefTsd himfelf to the count Oil;r-
man, with whom he had a coa*
vcrfation full of acrimony, and
even accompanied with high
words. He remained thai Jay sad
the next at PeterhoflF; bat lae
Emperor not returning, and all
the countenances being frozea
to him, he took the refclution of
going to Peterlburgh : probably he
thought he fliould be more forni-
dablc in the midllof the court. la
fafl, being arrived at the capiul,
far from adling the difgraced coir-
tier, he employed the whole nora-
ing in going the round of the col-
leges, and giving orders every
where. He regulated particular!/
the reception intended for the £a-
peror in his palace^p where he
imagined he would continue »
lodge; but towards noon, the ge-
neral Soltiktrw came, with an or*
der to remove from his palace (he
Emperor's furniture, andcsrrvU
to the imperial fummer-paliiC(>
. This was a thunder- ft roke to hisi
at which he loll ail prefence cl
mind ; but whxit fhocked him nol*
was, the fL'nding back tr.e focJi
and furniture ol his ton, who io
quality of high-chamberUin, wiS
to loJge ofRcially near the Empc-
rnr. Jn this coiifaiion of head he

frll into another fault, that ^
fending into quarters the regineflC

CHARACTERS.

»S

;cnDMlaDd, which, for hii
be had ordered to rncamp
! ifland of WaGli Ottro**,
u)l dtfUnce from hii palxce.
rc{>iiiieM, of which tie had
colonel from the firft of in
raifed, was entirely devnted
i; and it it certain, that it
nprelTcd hit enemiei with a

Jie eveoing. the Emperor re-
I to Peterlburgh, aod the ge-
Soliikoffwat once mere em'-
I on a nielTage to McnzikoF,
lich be anounced to him an
cfa-rcft. Hii wife and ch.I.
repured immediaMly to the
;r-palice, to throw them.

at the fret of the emperor,
verefufed admittance. Mean

Menzikoff wai made to be.

Ibat be would be only de-
: of ht! oincei ; that he
nevetthelefs have all hit
c left him, and that he would
-milted to pafs the remaia-

hii days at Oranjenburgh,
ty town on the frontJeri of
krain, which he had built,
'ea a little fortified. In UQ,
ttdifpofal of hi) goods and
I wai left to him, while he
led at Peterlbutgh ; and
he went oat of it, hi> train
Dt in the leall the air of a
a in difgrace. He wai ac.
■ued by bit whole family,
' a great number of domef.
ud in the manner be wa»
I on the firft daya of hi)
f, U did not appear that
ms aDjr inientioo to do him

more hart. Bat, on hii arrival ,
at Tweer, a town fituaie on the
road between MoOcow and I'cterf.
burgh, he there fdund an order for
all hi< effeOi to be fealed up, and
nothing more (o be Icfi him than <
bare oecelTariei, Hi) guard wai
doubled, and he wa) more nar-
rowly watched during the rcA of
hi) journey. Scarce wa) he arriv-
ed at Oranjenburgh, when there
were fenc to him whole rearai of
complaints made againll him for
grievance). Thefe were iallantly
fullowed by commilTarie) who pro>
ceeded to his trial. He wai con-
demned to pafi the reft of hi) life at
Berofowa, fituate on the maft dif-
t.Dt frontier) of Siberia. Hia
wife, gro»n blind with weeping,
died by the way: th.: relt of hia
family folloifed him into exile.
He bore hii mitfortunes with more
firmuers than one would h4ve ima-
gined in bimi and from being full
of grofi humoun, with a bad hi-
bit of body, he lecoveied health
and plumpneft. Thete were al-
lowed him ten ruble) a day; a
fum which not only fufficed him
for bii wants, but be faved enough
out of it to build a church, at
which he himfelf worked hatchet
in hand. He died in November
I7Z9,of a repleticn of bluud ; be-
caule, as it was faid, there was
not one pcrfoo (0 be found at
Berofowa who knew how to open

I'he general opinion on the ori-
gin of Menzikoff ii, that bis father
wac a peafaot, who bad placed

^^U-O/lnM/ is na iHind which makM part of the Icnvn of Pctcrlhurg^ {
«e of Menzikutf lluuJ tliirc. Pclcr 1. haj made him a prcciit ol tlii:
fluid, but rcl'iiincd it ruiii>: dme aftrrMvirds, in t^c iiiienti.'n tlixl the
town of Pctculiur^h llit,uld be builc there ; whitb ltawtv:.r -.vat u;;

d$ ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

kirn. It Mo&ow, with a paftry-
cook, and that he carried about
little pies, fingtng along the ftreets ;
that the Emperor Peter I. having
flopped to Ipeak to him, he had

{(leafed bim with the wit and live-
incfs of his repartees. Upon this
he pat him fervant to Monfieur
Le Fort; thence he took him about
bb own perfon, and by degrees
ttade bit fortune.

Others again fay, . that his fa-
ther was an officer in the fervice
of the Czar, Alexis Micha^lowitz,
and that as it is not extraordinary
to fee gentlemen ferve in the ila-
bles of the Czar, Menzikoff had
alio been employed in them, in
qoality of one of the head-grooms :
that Peter having often ipoke to
bim, bad taken notice of the wit
and (hrewdnefs of his anfwers, in-
Ibmucb that he took him oat of
the ftables, and placed him as a
more immediate attendant on him-
lelf ; when, observing ereat ta*
leats in him, he had, in a few
years, raifed biro to the firft pofts
id the empire.

I have always thought the firft
of thefe opinions the neareft to the
truth ; for it is certain, that he
was ofanobfcure birth, and that
be began with being a common
fenrant; after which the Empe-
ror placed him as a private fol-
dier in the firft company of regu-
lar troops which he raifed under
the appellation Prifr^^wdenit *,
Peter I. having thence taken him
about bit perfon, gave him his
entire confidence, in fuch a man-
Ber, that, on m^ny occafions,
Menxikoff eoverned Ruflia with
tbe fame deA)Otifm as his mafter.
Hit cicdic nad^ however, been

greatly diminiflied doring t
years of the reign of Peter
it is believed, that if tbc £1
had lived fome months I
there woold bave been
changes at conrt^ and in tl
niflry.

By the following cbaraQi
one may decide which pref
ated, ttie good or bad qnaJ
Prince Menzikoff.

He was firongly attad
his mafter, and to the maa
Peter I. for civilizing ibe .
nation ; affable and polite t
ftranpers ; that is to* lay, wi
as did not pretend to bav<
wit than himfelf ; neitber
miibehave to thofe of tbe S
who (hewed fubmifion te
He treated all who were hi
riors with gentleoefs, oevc
getting a fervice done him.
withal, be gave, on occai
the greateft dangers* ino
ble proofs of the neceflary p
courage. Wherever be ba
taken a friendibip, be conti
zealous friend.

On the other band, be wi
felTedwith a boundleis ami
be could not endure a fope
an equal, and lefs yet one
could fufped of pretending
pafs him in nnderHanding
avarice was inlatiable. 1:
an implacable enemy, i
not want for natural wi
having had no educatioi
manners were rather coarfe.
avarice had led him into
difagreeable explanations
Peter I. who had fomecimi
demned him to pay arbitrar
notwithllanding which, th(
found, on his imprifoomei

• PreprovcJtiiMff, for amufement.

CHARACTERS.

■e miUieni or rubles,
plate, and rcaily mo*

(on anil two cliugh>
□ had been betrothed
(tor died, before her
Kile; the other wai
itT the reign o( the
ne, with the ^fneral
iroD*. brother <o the
>urlin'(, and tfied in
>g of ihe year 1737.
major in the (•uardi.
t father urat in favour
ty. all the world aU
I great deal of wit,
31 but a child ; fince

and death of hii Ta-
re few perfons in the
e of Ruffia, that hate

, who, from the low-
. had been raifod to
ftationt of life, wouid
I his career with ho-
had not been fo infa-
ambition, at to feek
>ofleriiy on the throne
it is the fame rock
I all the favourite} that
n have Itrnck, and

(/ C#«« Biron
Courland ; /rot

who had (ervd many
quality of gentleman
«r, while the Empreft
>f Courland, wai de.
:. and had the blue
withal the place of
^riain, vacant by the
:e IwanDolgorouckt.
ihii fame Bircn baa

long aAed To very sreat a part i(
the court of Pcteifbtirgh, tt najr
not be improper to give the reader
fom- knowledge of him.

Hi) grantifither, wbofe proper
name was B;rriB, wai head-gToon
of [he flnbles to lh» duke Jatnea
III. of Caurlaod; and ai be at-
tended h;m every where, foond
mrani to acquire hig favour, iafo-
much that, by way of gratuity, he
gave him a farm in free gift. This
^/n-ra had t«o fooi, of which onft
entering into the fervice of Poland, ■
began with carrying a mulket, and
ited to the rank of

gen<

al.

The other, father of the BirOB
of whom 1 have been jull fpeakiogi
remained in the fervice of Cfinr-
land, and followed the duke Alex-
ander, the youngeft of the duke's
fom, when he went to Hnngary,
in 1686. The Prince wai wound-
ed before Buda, and died of hit
wonndt. Bieren, who had fbtlow-
ed him, in quality of bit grooa
of the horfe, with the title belidea
of lieutenant, brought back bia
equipagei to Coorland, where they
gave him the employ ofamaAer-
huntfman ; fo that what with that,,
and ihe fmall inheritance ofhia
father, he nag in tolerably eafjr
circumRancci.

Heh.idihree fons; tlieeldeAof
them, Charlei, began by ferving
in RulSa, where he was advancea
10 the rank of an officer, and waa
taken priToner by the Swedei, iit
an adion with tbeRuffiini. Hav-
ing fuund means to efcape out of
confinement, he went to Poland,
took on the fervice, and had rifeo
to the rank of lieutenant-colonel.
He afterward) returned to ilie fer-
vice of Ruflii, where, io a very
few >eari, be got to be a general
officer.

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

98

officer. He was the mod brutal
of all men ; and was maimed and
marked with ihe number of wounds
which he had received in various
(crapes, into which his drunkcnnc fs
and quarrelfomenefs had brought
him. Ac length in Ruilia, every
one was come to dread him, and
to avoid having any thing co fjty
to him» finpc his brother was be-
come the favourite, and omnipo-
tent in the government.

The fecund fon was Erneftus
John, who rcfe to the dignity
of Duke of Courland.

The third fon, Guflavus, was
alio a general ofHccr in the Ruf.
£an feivice. He had begun with
ferving in Poland. The Emprcfi
Anne being feated on the throne,
fent for him* and appointed him
major of a new-raifed regiment of
guards. As he wa& brother to the
favourite, he could cafily obtain
promotion. He was a very honeft
man, but without education, and
of no underflanding.

I return to the lecond brother:
He had been for fome time at the
academy of Koning(berg in Pruf-
fia, when he was obliged to leave
it, to avoid being arreted for fome
bad affairs he had had in Cour-
land. Finding that he could not
fubfift without fervice, he went in
1714 to Petcrlburgh, and folicited
a gentleman's place at the court
of the princefs, fpoufe to the
Csarcwitz. It was then thought
an impertinent prrfumption, that
one of fo low a birth (hould pre-
tend to fuch a pod. lie was no: only
rcjefled with contempt, buta;ivifcd
tomakethebellof his way inflantly
out of Peterfburgh. At his re-
turn to Mittau, be made an ac-
quaintance with Beiluchcff, f4-

ther of the high chancellor, who
was then mafter of the boufrhold
at the court of the duchefs of Cour-
land. Soon he got into ber good
graces, and had a place of gentle-
man of the chamber. He «ai
fcarce fetiKd in it, before he fell
to work ;it the ruin of his bcnefK.
tur ; in which he fuccecdcd ib
uell, that the duchefi not ooly
forbid him her court, but perfc-
cuud him as much as (he could,
and fent De Korf expief»Iy to
Mofcow, to carry on a iuic agaiaft
him.

I'his Bieren, at to his peribo,
was very handibme, and fooo got
deep into the favour of the dochefs,
who took fuch delight in his com-
pany, that (he made him her coo*
fident.

The nobility of Courland ccp-
ceivcd a great jealou fy againdibii
new favourite; fome carried it
fuch a length, that they laid otit
for occa(ions to pick quarrels «iU
him. As then he fiood in need of
a fupport among the nobilitji ^
fought the alliance of fome tfci-
ent family. He met with feitral
rcfufuls ; at length he prevailed
over maJemoifefle de Treiiicn,
maid of honour to the duchefii
and married her, even before be
hid got the ccnfent of her friends.
By this marriage he hoped to g«ia
ac'midion into the body of the no-
bility : he (iiliciied ic, and «a*
har(hly rcfufed.

The minillry of Ruflia did act
more like him than the nobility
of Courland. The fcurvy trick
he had played Bf (lucheffhad fet the
whole world againli him, fo ibtt
he was detefted and defpifrd at
Mofcow. This went to fu«:h a
pitch| that when, a little while

before

CHARACTERS.

«9

of Pcier H. De
I augmenutina of
duchefi, the mi-
uncil of flitc de-
•nkl]r, and with-

I Ihoald be done
rfs, but that they
Bicten difpofe of
emperor'] dccnife,
iei Emprefs, one
li made to her
I tt Miitin wai,
il leave ber fa-
her there. She
be prefenil)' lal.
.fter ibe bad de.
bfulute fove reign,
her chambeitaio,
of her coronaiioo,
he bonoun above-

rdinand of Cour-
' ibe houfe of I^et-
i, he managed fo
hii area and ca-
/ai eirfted duke,
y became the fo-
(itry, of which ihe
It a few yean be.
admit bim into

n to advance him.
er of fortune, he
of the

and

, Fr,
during ihe wholi
prefi Anne, a
: her death, rci;
dcfpotifm over I
UGi'. He had

fenfe, thongh there are fbme tkac
aver the contrary. It it not with-
out teafon that the proverb might
be applied to him, " that affairi
" form men ;" for, before hit ar>
rival in Ruflia, be had Dot, per-
haps, fo much M heard of ihe
name of politics; whercai, after
having reCded there fome yeari,
he knew perfealy well all that re-
lated lo that empire. The two
jirll yean, he made a» if he med.
died with nothing, but at Irngtk
he took a taAe for biiliiiefi, and
governed every thing.

He loved to excc!V pompi and
magaificence, and had efpecially
a great fancy for hotfea. The
minifler of the Emperor, count
OAein, whodetelled him, ufrd to
fay, when the count Biron talk) of
horfei he fpeaks like a man, but
when be fpealci of men, or to
men, he fpeaki a> a borfe would
do.

Hi* temper wai none of the
bed: be was hanghty and arnbi*
tioui beyond all bouodi^ abrupt. •
and even brutal; avaritious, an
impliicable enemy, and cruel in
his puiiihmeniF. fie took a great
deal of pains lo learn lo diiTemble,
but could never attain any degree
ofperfeflion in it. comparable to
that of count Olterman, who wst
mailer of the art.

nd

edu-

merof pWJir.f.

, dcUiiu^e of a
njlural good

0//*( ColTacksj airJ tht jugular
Cujiimt cf tbt Zaporavian Ke>

THERE are fcveral kindi oF
the CofTick-; the raort
k<.otf n ire ihfff of the Don, the
Z.iporavian ColTaik', and thofe
of the Ukrain. Tncy inbai'it
the

30 ANNUAL REGISTER, \'J^6,

tBe Ukraine which it alfo ctlled
Mala Ruffia^ or Little RmJ/tM,
and is uDqueftionably one of the
fined countries in Earope; one
half of it belongs to tne Emperor
of Ruffia, the other to PoUdJ.
The Boryfthcnes or Dnieper di-
Yides this country into two partly
forming at the fame time their re.
ipedive frontiers.

Thefe CofTacks sn^it once a frtt
nation, defcending from the fame
face as the Polanders ; but as to
their religioo, they follow the
Greek church. When thefe peo-
ple were ur.Tced, they could bring
a hundred and fifty thoufsnd men
into the field. They were long
under the protef^ion of the repub-
lic of Poland^ and did it great fer-
vice in its wars againft the Turks ;
but the Polanders attempting to
treat them like (laves, they revolted
about an hundred years 8go» under
the condudi of the Hettman Chelm-
ninfkif who put himfelf under the
proteflion of the Turks. Some
years after the death of Chciranin.
iki» the fuccefTort Dorofcbonko,
gave hirofclf and country up to
Ruflia. This brought on a war,
u-hich terminated in thedcdrudtion
of the toun of Czi^rin, at that
time the capital 6\ the Ukrain.
This happened in the year 1674.

Tor the fuft years cnfuing they
preferved a!l their privileges, and
uere governed by a prince of their
own chufing among themfelvcs.
But the Hettman Mazeppa having
taken the part of Charles XII.
King of Swtden, Peter I. reduced
this reAlefs people to a condition

of inability offtrivingtc
their yoke.

At present they have
any privileges, and ar
upon in the light of a i
province. Their laft
Apoftel, dying in 1734,
not left at liberty to cbufi
and are adlnally now got
a Ruffian Regency, whl
at Glouchow*. They 1
lutely bring two-and-twe
fand men into the field
ferved in the Ruffian armi
the laft wars ugainft th
without having been goo«
thing but to augment thi
of their troops. It is no
reafon believed, that the!
valour is totally extin£^. ]
campaign they fcarcedid ;
fervice than that of bring
gbns of provifion to the ai

The Zaporavian Coflac
bit the iflands of the Bcr
and a fmall traft of countj
fide of Crimea, beyond
radls. They are a colh
all nations, moftiy hower
landers, of Ruffians, an<
Ukrain CofTicks. They »
merly, fometimes under
teflon cf the Turks or T
Crimea, fomciimcs unjer
Ruffi.i. If I a.Ti not mid
w;»s fince the year 1734 l
rcfumed their fubmiffion t
having prccedenily been
to the Turks fmce the
Charles XlPs recourfe to \

Their general, or chief
republic, has the appell
Rofchowy Hettman. Th

• ThcTc Memoirs were already written, when the Einprcfs £lizAl>el
to the inhibit.ints of the Ukraiii ;< ^reat part of their anclcrit privile;
gave thein at the fame limr, the liberty of chufini; a new Ilcitmani t
fell on Riril;i Kafotitnouik*, brother of her M.ijdiy'i favourite j and
he went to the Ukrain to take pciTcHiun of that n-gency.

CHARACTERS.

Ji

I tlicnifelvct, and fw b
e » pleafes them, they
( blind obedience; but
It tbcjr are difcontented
thejr depofe jiiin, with,
r cere mcHijr, 'and cbufe
hit place.

•wever, reqni6te, fince
niffion to RuiCi, thai
tleAton Ibould he alwiyi
bjr the fegency of Glouc-
ii it at all improbable,
incipal notive for their

0 o/ten their Rofchowy

1 i* caflomBry for the
kke, on thii ocrafion, a

fcvea thoufand rublei
V Rorcbowy, who com'
ire* them among the
i;oflack«, to attach them
■at very oficn they do
m keep hit poft above a
*, when he is degraded,
ici again only a private
many of them ha*eeven
cred, withont any other
It the having incurred
ureoF the mill tit ode.

of war the court pay*
oni, and furaiflm ihcm
Tor the campaign.
«e hut one lecrctary, or
;cr, who darei fend or
lera : if any other wai
ny the leaft correfpoo-
would be put to death
trey, were it even the
himfclf. But, in cafe
v coming, it ii carried
eiary. who read) it in
' the Elder),
aberoftroopa they can

the field ti not fixed,
waragainfl theTutk),
and of their horle fervcd
ffian armie) ; but, on a
h their bell effoits, they

could raife twelve or fifteen t&ou-
£>nd.

Tbeir coftotni are Angular. No
Zaporavian Coflack ii allowed to
be married within the precinfl) of
their territory. If he ia married,
his wife mult live in Tome oeigb<
bouring country, where be rcfona
to her from time to time; and-
even ihti locercourre mufl be with-
out the knowledge of the Elderi;
but every one may quit thi) Ib-
it no longer piealea

him

ind that without acquainiinE
Another may come and

anyone.

have hi) name inrolled, withoot
any other cerenony than that of
declaring that he will conform n
their cuHom), and fubmit to their
,lawi. It is for this reafoo that
they never can precifely afcertaia
the number of their force*. They
are divided intodifTcrcot chambera
or comradclfaipsi and all who an
pteleni in tbeir capital are obliged
lo dine and fup in their public
hallsorrefcaoriei.

Th«y do not even fulFer women
to remain at any (Iranger's that
Ihould come among them, and
bring any of that ft x with them.
While the Ruffian) were at war
agaialt the Turk), the Zapor«>
viani had received to their tapiial
a garrifon of regular troop), whicli
it nothing more than a retrenched
village, called Selz. The lieu-
terani-coloncl Glebou', who com.
mandcd ihole itoapi, being eorip-
prifed of their cuilom, had fcnt
for hit wife to come to him. No
fconer wd Oie arrived, ihan'that
all the ColTacki, having alTen.bled
for the purpofe, furroundcd this
commanding officer*) houfe, and
demanded what wcm;n theie u-ete
in i( to be Jelivcicd to them, that
(hey

34 ANNUAL liEGlSTfeR, 177(5.

they might each have their fhare.
Monf. Glebow had a good deal of
difficulty to appeafe them, nor
could ifFcdt it without facrificing
to them fome caflcs of brandy.
He was. however, obliged to fend
away his lady, for fear of a frcfh
revolt.

Their manner of ponifl)ing is as
lingular as their manner of living.
They are great thieves and robbers ;
but if any one fliould offer to ileal
any the lead thing from his com-
rade, he is tied to a poll in the
Opened public place of the town :
a bottle of brandy, a lo&fcf bread,
and a number of llout fticks, are
fet by his fide, when every one
that paiTes has a right to give him
as many blows as he pleafirs, after
which he may give the wretch the
refreshment of a drop of brandy,
and a morfel of bread. The
fufF'Tfer, at th« difcretion of the
judges, remains thu«i tied to the
po!l a whole night and day, and
often five times twenty-four hourj.
After which, if he ha3 the pood-
Iiict to furvivr the blow, he is re-
ccrv'jd anew int3 th* locie-y,

Tnc who!? r- pul)lic \^ mccly
miiif op of ihicvcf v.n^ va^al): mis
who fubiill on noiSinj but ra,»iic,
b( ih in pc::cc and w.t. The H A-
damacks ^^'^-^ inftrll Poland, arc
ro c:h?r than ihtie Z. oor.ivi.in
CofTick*. The court ot Rul-ia
cannot hir.dcr their ronMPoal cx-
ci^rGonv; nay, i^ e\en obliged to
k^cp nu-afurei w'tS them, for fear
of thfir cnanc^tTig f;dc5.

The Coilack- of the Don inha-
bit th;it iraft vvh;c'» is between the
jivfr Don, th* Cnw* as the ancicn:
I'm. lis, snd ihc Dcr.wi.'/, or Lit-
tle Don. ^^'lcv h..vca very gojd
coiT.iry, feverul pr*:iy town*, and
l*fgc lilh^c:-. 'i'htir ca^'ital is

called Czerkafkoi. They areo?L
ginallvy by defcent, all RoiEti
prafants, to whom the yoke of
their marter^ having proved unfof*
ferable, tl\ey, Hctle by little, took
refuge in this country, where thef
formed a commoDweahh* In pr?-
cefi of time they voluntarily pit
themfelves under the proceQion of
the Ruflian empire, by which tbcf
are treated with great gentleneA
and moderation. They are tu
eel lent foldiers, and can brir.g »
far as fifteen thoufand men into
the field. The Rufiians draw gm:
fervice from them again ft ths
Turks, and Tartar:i of Caban.
Their general, or chief of thnr
republic is ftiled VoVlkowoy Atu-
man ; he is chofen by theoifelres
from among the principal officeri
of their nation, but he mutt be
confirmed by the court.

Ofih? ancient Scandinaviaps \frt%
iVl. A^dilec'j KGribifn Amtifuititu

1 Have already hinted, that tfce
ancient Scandinavian? breatbiJ
i:ut:iip[* but war, which i^as it
once with them the fource of ho-
nour, rithes and fafety. Their
eilncation, laws, prejudices wc-
r;iii:y and religion, all concur:ni
to r>. kc that their ruling paficn
and <i\\\\' cbjrft. From their moft
tcnd'T ai^e ti'.ey applied themCeUci
to l'\-.rn the military art ; thff
i ardi-ned their bodies and accaf-
tomcu themfches to cold, fatigoe,
and hun;»er. They ex ^r^i fed then-
iVlvcc in running, in the chafef
in fwimmi'ig a croft the grrasrt
rivcr«, r.nd in handling ih'*ir arm*.
l^he very fports of cnildnood it*
fclf, and of early youth, were di«
reeled all towards this end : daa-

CHARACTERS.

vere ■Iwsjrs intermingled
leir play. For it coDfiHed
ng mghiful leaps.in climb-
I the Aeepell rock, in Gghc-
ked with offenGve weipons,
ftliag wiib the ucmoA fury :
tbererore coninioa to fee
at the Bge of Gfieen yean
f grawD robuft men, and
I make chemfelvM fearrd in
r. It wai alfo at this age
teir yonng men became cheir
aalten, which ihey A\A by
iog a fword, a buckler and
e. Tbii ceremony waa per-
d in fome public meeiing.
if ihe principal perfoni of
9rmbly armed the youth in
:. *' Thi>," we are told by
al, " was hit Tiga Firilh,

entrance opoo dignitiei ;
on this he made only part of
family, now he became a
mber of the fiate," After
e wai obliged to provide for
'n fobfifteacr, and wai either'
to tire by banting, or by
g in fome incurGon againft
lemy. Particular care wai

to prevent ihefe young foN

from enjoying too early an
intiBce with tbeoppofite fex,
KJr limbi hid acauircd all
igoor of which tkcy were
le. Indeed they coulJ have
pe to be accrpiable to the
a, bat in proponion to the
ge and addrcfs they had (hown
r and in their military exer.
Accordingly we fee in an
it (bng, preferred by Bortho-

king of Norway Mtremely
sed, that, ai he could pcr-
eight different exercife), hit
fi flwDtd preTume to lejed his

I (hall frequently have occa-
:o produce new infi:ioces of
I.. XIU.

33

tbii manner of thinking among
their women: itis fufficjentat pre-
fent to obferve, that they were not
likely lo fofien their children by
too much d.-licacy or indulgence.
Thefe tender creatures were gene-
rally born in the midll of campi
and armiet. Their eyei, from the
moment they were firft opened,
faw nothing but military fpeAiclea,
arm), rfTuGon of blood, and com-
bats either real or in fport : thai
ai they grew up from their infancy,
their fouls wtre early difpofed to
imbibe the ciuel prejudices of their
father!.

Their laws fur the moft part
(like thofe of Ihe ancient Lacede-
monians] fecroed to know do Other
virtues than thofe of a military

31 her c

I but

cowardice. They iofiifled the
greateA penalties on fuch ai fled,
the 6rlt in battle. The lawi of
the ancient Danes, according to
Sixo, excluded iheoi from focicty,
and declared them infatnous. A-
moi!g the Germans thia was fome-
cimei carried fo far as to fuffocate
coward* in mud; after which they
covered them over with hurdlei:
to Ihew, fays Tacitus, that though
the punilhmeni of crimes Ihould
be public, there are certain degrees
of cowardice and infumy which
ought to be buried in cternaf
filence. Tli; moll Rattcring di-
flinflioni were rcferved for fuch as
hud performed fome Qgnal exploit;
and the laws ihcmfelvri dldributed
men into dilTcrtent rank^ according
to their diifcrent degreci of cou.
rage. Froiho, king of Denmark,
had ordained, according to Saxo,
iliat whoever folicited an eminent
poA in the army, ouoht upon all
occafions to attack one enemy; to
D f*c«

34 ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

face two ; to retire only one ftep
back from three; and not to make
an adaal retreat till alTaalced by
four. Hence was formed that pre-
judice fo deeply roote^ among
thefe people, that there was no
other way to acquire glory, but by
the profeflion of arms, and a fa-
natic valour : a prejudice the force
of which difplayed icfelf without
obftrufHon, at a time when luxury
wat unknown; when that defire,
fo natural, and fo active among
oen, of drawing upon themfelves
the attention of their equals, had
but one fingle objeA and fupport ;
and when their country and their
fellow-citizeni had no other trca-
fure but the fame of their exploits,
and the terror thereby exited io
their'neighbourt.

The rules of juftice, far from
checking thefe prejudices, had been
themfelves warped and adapted to
their bias. It is no exaggeration to
iay, that all the < Gothic and' Celtic
nations entertained opinions on
this fabjed, quite oppoHte to the
theory of our times. They looked
upon war as a real a A of juftice,
and efteemed force an incontcfti-
ble title over the weak, a vinble
mark that God had intended to
fubjed them to the ftrong. They
)iad no doubt but the intentions of
thisdivinity had been toeftablifh the
fame dependance among men which
there is among animals, and fctting
out from the principleof the inequa-
lity of men, as our modern civilians
do from that of their equality,
they inferred thence that the weak
had no richt to what they could
•ot defend. This maxim, which
formed the bafis of the law of na-
tions among the ancient inhabitants

of Europe, being diAated b]
moft darling paffion, we c
wonder that they Ihonld (b ii
aft up to it IB prnAice.
which, after all, it worft;
and think at they did, or HI
modems, with better princi]
ad as ill ? As to the anciei
tions, we attribute nothing b
here bat what is juftified by i
fandfads. They adopted the
maxim in all its rigoor, aoi
the name of Divine JodgoM
only to the Jvdiciart Coi
but to confiids and battles
forts : viAory being in thei
nion the only certain ma:
which Providence enables as
ftinguifh thofe, whom it h;
pointed tocoromandothers, *
" lour,^ fays a German war
Tacitus, '* is the only
** goods of men, TheGodi
'■ themfelves oa the fide >
*' ftrongeftV*

Laftly, Religion, by am
eternal happinefs to the ■
virtues, had given the laft •
of adivity to the ardour an
penfity thefe people had fo
There were no fatigues, r.<
gers nor torments capable of
ing a paflion fowell counten
and the defire of meriting Ii
a reward. We have feeo
motives this religion offered
votaries ; and we cannot
recall them in reading foi
Aances of that courage whi
ftinguiflied the ancient Sea
vians, and of their contei
death itfelf, which 1 (hall p
from the mod authentic cha
of Iceland.

Hiftory informs us, thai
aoLD, furnamed Blaata

• Tadt. hift* lib. IV. c. 17. Pclloutier hift. des CcltC5, tom. I. p. 4;

CHARACTERS.

^J

30TBt (■ king of Den-
lo reigned » ihe middle
ith centorjp) had founded
«lli of Pomerinia, which
ibdaed, a cUy named Ju-
■mfbarg ; where he feni a
f yoang Danes, and be-
efrovernment on a cele-
arrior named Palnaloko.
V Ljcatgat bad made of
a fccond Spirta, and every
u direflea to thii Gngle

form complete foldierii.
or who bti left us the hif-
iU colony afTurei ui, that

forbidden there fo much
lention the name of Fear,
n the moll imminent dan.
." Nociliaen of Jomf-

K> yield to any number,
great, bnt to fight intre-
ibont dying, even from a
rior force. The fight of
ad inevitable death would
I so etcufe with ihem for
oy the lead complaint, or
ag the flrgbtell apprehen-
nd thia legiflitor really
[Q have eradicated from
s of molt of the youths
nnder him, all traces of
iment fo natural and fo
, which makeg men think

deftroAion with horror,
can (hew this better than
id in their hiDory, which
n have place here for its
y. Somcofthem having
irrnpiion into the terri-

a powerful Njrwegian
aed Haqain, were over-
Qtice of the obHinacy of
(aacet and the moli di<
d among them being
ifoDeri, were, according
8om of thofe timeg, con-

demned to death. The new) of
thig, far from affliding (hem, wa*,
on the contrary, received with jov>
The iirft who wai led to paoiu-
ment was content to fay, without
changing countenance, and with-
out expreOing the leaft 6^a of fear,
" Why (hould not the fame hap-
" pen to me, as did to my father ?
•' He died, and fo rauft I." A
warrior, named Thorchill, who
W3» to cnt oiF the head of the fe-
cond, having afted him what he
felt at the fight of death, he ao-
fwered, " thathe remembered too
" well the hwi of Jomfbnrg to
" utter any wordi'that denoted
" fear." The third, in reply to
the fame qneAion, faid, " he re-
" joiced to die with glory, and
" that he preferred fuch ■ death
" to an infamous lifelike that of
" Thorchill's." The fourth mzde
an anfwer much longer and more
extraordinary, ■■ I fuffer with ■
" good heart; and the prefent
•* hour ii tome very agreeable. I
" only beg of you," added he,
addrelling himfelf to Thorchill,
" to be very quick in cutting off
" my head; for it ii a qoellion
" often debated by us at Jomfburg,
" whether one retains any fenfe
" after being beheaded. I will
'' therefore grafp this knife in my
" hand: if after my head is cut
" off I ftrike it towards yoo, i;
" will fhew I have not loll all
" fenfe: if I let it drop, it Will
" be a proof of the contrary,
" Make halle therefore, and de-
" cide the difpuie." ■ Thor-
f chill,* Adds the biftorian, ■ cct
' off his head in a molt exped iiioua
* manner, but the knife, a's might
■ be expeflcd, dfopt from his

Midwikiiiga Saga, in Bartholin, de ciufa contempt, :

t. lib. k c

36 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

•hand.* The fifth fhewcd the fame proofs of in trrpidity ; o

fame tranquillity, ami died rallying
and jeering his enemies. The
lixch begged of Thorchill, that he
might not be led to puniOimenl
like a (beep*; «• flrikc the blow
«* in my face,** faid he, «« I will
*' fit ftill without fhrinking; and
<' take notice whetherlonce wink
•• my eyes, or betray one fjgn of
*« fear in my countenance. For
«« we inhabiiants of Jomlburg are
** ofed to exercife ourfeives in
*< trials of this fort, f<) as co meet
«* the ilroke cf death, without
«« once moving." He kept his
promifc before all the fpe£tator>,
and received the blovi' without be-
traying the lead fign of fear, or
fo much as winking hU eyesf.
The fivcnih, f<iys the hidorian,
** was a very beautiful young man,
<« in the flower of his age. His
•'■ long fair hair, as fine as filk,
'< Hoated in curls and ringlets on
«* his (houlder*. Thorchill aflced
** him what he thought cf death?
■* 1 recei%'e it willingly, faid he,
*' frnce I have fui filled the prfcatell
*' duty of life, and have fecn all
•* thoi'c put to death whom i would
«• not furvivr. I only bejr of you
*« one favour, not to let my hair
*' be touched by a (lave, or liained
•« with my blood |."

This con^i.'iuy in the li<il mo-
ments was not, howevrr, the pe-
culiar ef(V«5\ of the laws and edu-
cation cf the Jomlburt:ian'^. The
Other Danes have ufien given the

€€
it
«<
€t

ther this was the geoeral chti

of all the inhabitanu of SciQi

via. It was with them an in!

of (hamefol pofillanimity to

upon fuch cccafions the leaft g

or to change countenance, bs

pccially to (hed tears. TbeD

iays Adam of firemen f # " a

** marksble for thii, that if

** have committed any crine,

" had rathrr fuffrr deaiH,

** blown There is no othei

nilhment for them but <

the ax, or fervitode. A

groans, complaints, and

bemoanings of that kin.

'* which we find relief, the

** fo de:efted by the Danes,

** they think it mean to wet

'* their fins, or for the dea

•' their deareft relations." I

a private foldier looked apoii

as peculiar to weaknefs or fli

their great warriors, the c

all who afpired to fame and ]

carried the contempt of death

further. King Regner, whc

finging the pleafare of re©

death in the field of battle,

out at the end of a flaasa,

hours of my life arc

awiiy, 1 (hall die laughrn

and many pafTages in anciet

tory plainly (how that this «

a poetical hyperbole. Saxo, :

ing of a fingle combat, fayi

one of the champions

LAUGHED, AND DYED, a

taph as Ihort as energetic f

<<

c«

• Jiirthoi. iiS. i. c. 9, p. 51. f Barthol. ihiJ.

{In B:iiili<Min it io, IJ uij:c:if.t a te petOy ne mirftd'na me aJ t^zrterr.
mu outs te inferior icf^.Uutn neum Umat, &c. M. Mailct La* uinittcd \
cuiultar.cc uf the Usi.v in ItU 2 J cJit.

Bartholin r.Ivc-i the i*|>cfch of the Eighth peifor, which, though i
being not fo Itrikinr; a^ the f rniLV, oiir author has wi!i;!t:tl.

^ Adnm Hnmcn <lr fitu Danve, c. 21 -5. || Bartlvl. p. 4;.

^ Saxo Giam. lib. ii. et viiia* Bovivar's BiaiLj Sa^a \\\\\ l>.iit!:ol.
c« I • p. 5*

CHARACTERS.

37

bcloBgtDg to a king of Nor-
:lebr>ting in vrrfe the death
mafter, concludri hi* rulo-
»thlhefeword<, •' llfUn
afcerberecoidcd in hiUories,

kiog Halfer died laugh-
•.*' A warrior h.iving been
I upoa his back, id wreilling
li* eneny, and the latter
; biaifrlf without hti arm),
nquilhcd perfon prcmifed to
fithoill changing hli pollure
he fetcltrd a Iword -.o kill
and he rallhfullr kcpl hii

To die with hii aims in
id was the vow of rvery free
■nd the p!ca;m>' iJea thrv
' thu kir.d of death, would
V.y l»d them to dn:id fuch
Cfrcded from difetle .md o!d
In the joy therft'ore which
rBified at the approach of a
: death, they might fie-
f enpreft no more than their
:ntimen;t, though doubileft
I fometirnes interniTxt «i;h
ition. The grneral tenor of
ooduA piove) thai they wei^
ommonly (incere in tbis ;
ch » know the pnwer which
ion, example, and prejudice
>ver men, will' hnd no diffi.
B receiving the muJtiiude of
mtea, which antiquity hath
of their extraordinary valour.
sphiloHphy of thejjimbfi,"
'atcrju* Maxima!, " ia gpy

" aod coariKFoui: they leap for
" joy in a battle, that they aro
" going >o quit lif^e in fo gloijoua
" a manner: io ricknefs ihey la.
" ment for fear of a Ihimefui aod
" tniferabtc end f-" Cicero re.
maiks, that in prop.irtidn at men
are intrepid to war, they are weak
and impatient under bodily paini.
" Happy ID th«ir millake," favi
Lucan, ■■ are ihe pe.ple who live
" beneath the Poir ! pr-'luaded
" that d^aih ij cnly a paffagr to
" a long lifr, they arr „..diilurbe<l
•■ bv themoftgrievo.^ofall r-r!,
" that oi d,"ing. H^nce ijjey
" eagerly run to armi, and tbejr
" mindj are capable of meeting
•• dcjth : hence they efteem it
" cowardice lo (pare ■ life which
" they {hall fo -foon recover J."
The hill'^y of ancient Scsndin.via
is full of pHffsges exprefliie ot thii
manner of thinking, fne 'iuftri.
Oui warrtorf, who lound ihe(ni«l.'ej
wrtfling by Come lingerii'^ itifi.fc^

ac. ufe their fjtc. Thi'y o'leti
availed themfelve. of the few mo-
m.-nt) that *-re yet remi.tning, lo
Alike ofi* life by a wav mor- 'rlo>
riom. Some of ihem ^voLlil he
Carrie 1 into a field of ba'ilc, that
thev might die in theengai>cment:
othert i\r\v ihcmielve> ; many pro-
cured thij mcl-ncholy fertice lo be
peiTorrned ibrm by their friend)^

rthol. f. t.

IjMCl)- lib. ii. cap. utt.

I only a I'xilii pu^phrafe of Lm

«riU be gtad tu fee the oiigiual Ivrc.

t V.il.Mu. lib. ii. cap. t. p. ii. Ciceio

worJs ii given in ths ttjtt, the

pritalii leitgm,tamiii/i etf^iiia, viln

Men wnJia tji. CtrUpspidi ijmi dij'fitil Araoi

l'tli.ii€:rcri fiio! qimi ilii tiHurum

Maximui biiM,t un;el Itibi mtlui i indi ratnJi

Iti J'erTutH^Kfni fretitt lirii, annna^xr cepaeei

pjirtii i tli^-:avum rtAturm fa(trt tilt.

•

2? ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

*who confidered this as a mod fa- << give ap ourfelves to groans »d

cred duty. " There is on a moan- '* complaintiy or to pat oar r^

*' tain in Iceland/' fays the author ** tions to necdlefs cxpenccs, fisa

of an old Icelandic romance f, <' wc can eaftly follow the czaspii

" a rock fo high that no animal ** ^6f our fathers who have all gov

*' can fall from the top and live. « by the way of this rock.'* There

" Here men betake themfelvcs was fuch another in Swedes, ap-

'< when they are afRidled and un- propriated to the fame uffywhic^

** happy. From t^is piace all our was figaratively called the Hall

'< ancellors even without waiting of Odin, becaofe it wasakiodof

•* for ficknefs, have tleparted unto' vcftibule or entry to ibe palace cf

'^ Odin. It is ufeiefs therefore to that Gud |. LaAly» if oone of

•

t The old Saga, or biftory here quoted, contain* a mixture of truth oi
fi£lion, but (hews us plainly what opinion was held of St7XCit>E, and ksv
commonly it was praf^ifcd heretotbre in the Nortli. * -

Procopius attributes the fame thing to the Heruli, a Gothic peo}^. 4H
Hertdost lays he, n^c fenibuSf nee a^rtrtis fas erat vitam producerts <*/ 9"*
finium occupaffeti ^*f morlmj, ragare is cogebatur propitupiost ui quai^fu^
hcminun numero cum tclUrent. Procop. Goth. lib. ii. c. 14.

Silius fays of the ancient inhabitants of Spain,

Prodigagins animst, C^ pt-operarefacillima mortem %
/famqiu ubi tranfiendnfiorentes tAribus amoi.
Impatient ir*vi /per/tit novijfeftne^lam
Htfati modus in dextra eft.

All thefe authorities, which it would be eafy to multiply, prove that I it-
tribute nothing to the northern nations, which is not pofiiiveiy confirmed kf
hiftorians, as well ftrangers as their own countrymen | and that one canESt
reproach the ancient Scandinavians with thefe barbarous prejudices, withpii
condemning at the fame time the anceilo.s of lull the nations of Euivpt*
Vid. Pelloutier,tom.ii. lib. 3. ch. 18. .

X We have a pariicuhr dcfcription of ihi^ place by Sir William Tenpie;
which it will be worth whilr to produce at largo.

" I will not," he f:iys, " troubic myiclf with more padages out of th
Runic poems concernin;; this Aipcrtlitiouft principle [of prefciiing a fiolfl*
death, &c.] but will add a tet^imony of it, which was {^iven me atN>nK;
** Jjuen, by count Oxcnftrrn, the firft of thi' SwetU(h emhaiTudors in that ii-
*' hmbly. In difcour'l* T'pon this ru!>jf6>, and in confirmation of t' is opiaiM
*' havinc: bfrn gcncial ai:.'.ng ihc Goths of thole countries; he toki me thm
** wai; It: 11 in Svvcurn a pla«.c which w.i> a memorial of it, and was ciiifii
** Odin'SiIIai.l. That It was a great b^iy in the fra, encompalTetl on thnt
" fide* with Itecp and inji;;;t'd locks ; and th;it in the time of the Gothic pi-
•* pnil'm, men rhit w'jre iirh r fick of diicalls th?y erttfcm»*d moriil or iocir-
<• able, or chc prown inv:i'.id with ajjc, and thcrt-by part ail military aftio«i
** and f»\*rinj; to d'rm'anly and bilirly (as tiicy tdctmed it) in their bedii
•« they ufi Lilly cauiVil thinuVhvs t<i be brought to the ncarel) part of ihcfc
*« rock', and fiom thence tin cw thcmfclves down into the lea, honing by t^
'•■ boldnifs of fuch a violent death, to renew the pretence of admitlion into the
«* hall of Odin, which they had loft, bv failinn; to die in con:bat, and vtH

• • ihtir arms." MiilcUanca, Part II. Effiy j. pait +. T.

I' »'«

CHARACTERS.

3»

Tclieft were afforded, and e[-
ly «lien Cbriftiioity had ba-

tbefe craet praAicei, the
1 oonroted themfelvei at leaft
uiag OB complete armoar ai
M ibef found thrir end ap-
lioei that making (as it
a tolemn proieft againll the
sf death to which ctiej' were
i ittvolunurily to fabmit.
thi* it will not be (bought
tfal that the client) of a
knd, and all tnofe who in-
nnder a chief for rome expe'
, fbould make a vow not to
c their commaoderi or that
Mrlhoaldilwaji be performed
tu rigour*. Neither will it
prizing that private foldiers
J fomeiimei form amoog
elves a kind of Ibciety or con-
nity, in which the feveral
■eriengaged.at theexpenceof
>wn lirei, toavepge the death
ir aJTociate*, provided it were
irable and violent. All thefe
r* were, in their opinion, fo
favourable and precious oc-
■ of meriting glory and eter-
appineft, Accordingly, we
and any among thefe people

of cowardice, and the bare
ion of that vice was alwa^*
led with univcrfal contempt,
a who had loll hii buckler,
lo had received a wound be-
dnrlk never more appear in
:. lothehilloryofEnglandf,
e a famous DaaiQi captain
I Siward, who had fent his
> attack a province in Scot-
alk with great coolnefi thofe
rODght the news of hii death.

whether he had received hit wonndi
behind or before? The meHeDgen
telling him he was wounded berare,
the fitther cries oat, " then I have
" only caofe to rejoice: for ao/
" other death would have been
" unworthy of me and my fan."
A Gonquerer coald not exercife s
more terrible vengeance upon hit
captives, than to condemn them to
Havery. " There is," fays Sazo,
" in the heart of the Danei, an
" infurmountablearerfion to fer-
" vitude.whichmikes theiiiefteenf
*' it the mod dreadful of all con-
*' diiionsf." The fame hiOoriaii
defcribei to us a king of Denmarkf
named Frotho, taltca in battle bjr
a king his enemy, and obSinately
refnfin^ all offers of life which
that pnnce could aake him. " To
" what end," fays he, " fhoald I
" referve myfelf for fo great a
" difgracef What good can the
" remainder of my life afford met
" that can countcbalance the
" remembranceof my misfortunes,
" and the regret which my mifery
" would eaufe me? And even if
" you (hoald reftore me my king-
" dom, if you Ihould bring me
" back my fifter, if you ftiould
" repair all the lofsof my tre<ifurr,
" would all this recover inv ho-
" nourf AH thefe benelit* would
" never replace me in my former
'• fine, but future age* wodU .11-
" ways fay.FtoTHo HATH BEiN

" TAKKH BV MIS fNIUY." In

all combat], and the number of
tbem is prodigious in the ancient
hiSoriei of the Nort^, we always
find both parties continually re-

Ite fame thing prevailed among divcrfe Celtic nationii they called thole
OS engaged themlelvei 10 their t\uci*, faidarii.
•rompton. Ubb. Jom, Chronic, p. 946.
uoGramm.lib. li:,

D 4 peating

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770,

peating tbe words glory, honoar,
9nd contempt of death, and by
this means raifing one another to
that pitch of enthofiafm, which
produces extraordinary anions. A
general never forgot to remind his
troops of thefe motives when he
^'as going to give battle; and not
infrequently they prevented him,
and flew to the engagement of
themfelves, chanting (ongs of war,
marching in cadence, and raifing
fliouts Qt joy.

0/ Rollo, ihe Conqueror of Nor-
' mandy; from tbejame*

HAROLD Harfagre having
completed the conqueil of
Norway about the year 870, and be-
ing defirous of procuring thatrepofe
for fuch of hift fuhjefts as dweft a-
long the coails, which thry them-
felves would noigrant to their neigh-
bours, prohibited all pirates of
Norway, under the {fz\txt^ penal-
ties, from exerci/ing any hofli-
lities againll their own country*.
But notwithflanding this prohibi-
tion, a Norwegian duke f, named
Rolf or Rollo, fprung, as it is
fdid, from the ancient kings of
Norway, made a defcent on the
provinc* of Vikcn, nor retircfd
thence till laden with a great booty
of cattle. Harold, who was in
the neighbourhood, was enraged
at Rolio to the lall degree, for
thus daring to diftbey him aU
moil in his very pref(*ncc, and in-
Aantly condemned him to perpe-

<<

««

taal baniibment from Norwiy*
In vain the mother of this aafor*
tunate youth threw herfelf at the
king's feet, imploring pardoe for
her fon, and chanting, accordiar
to the cuftom of thofe time?, thew
verfes, which the chronicles htvc
preferved to us: •* It the very
<' name of our race become baiN
ful to you ? You drive from hit
country one of the greateft vfi
** it has ever produced, the ho-
** nour of the Norwegiia aobt*
" lity. Ah! why Will you pro-
'* voke the wolf to devcor ttf
" flocks, who wander defeoctlcii
*' through the woods? Fear, M
*' becoming outrageous, he (hcald
^* one day occaiion great oii^fbr-
*' tunes." The king remained
inflexible, and Rollo perceiviag
that he was for ever cut offfroa
all hopes of return to bis owi
country, reared with his fleet
among the ifi^odsof the Hebridesm
the north-wefl of Scotland, wbitbrr
the flower of the Norwegian aobi*
lity had fled for refuge ever fince
Har >ld had become mailer of tbe
whole kingdom. He was there
received with open arms by tbofc
warriors, whp, eager for cooqaei
and revenge, waited only for a
chief to undertake fome glorioas
enterprize. Rollo fetting hinfelf
at their head, and feeing hispovft
formidable, failed towards Eng-
land, which had been long as it
were a field open on all fides 10
the violences of the northern na*
tions. But the great Alfred bad
fome years before eftabliQicd focb

i

• Torf.ri hift. Non'cg. torn. ii. lib. 11. Ejufd. Diflcrtat. de GauogP
Rolfo, p. 80.

t Called in their own lar,guage Jarl, a title of the fame original and im-
port, as our Anglo-Saxon Earl. T*

ord(S

CHARACTERS.

4>

part of (he illand,
fter ffveral fruitlefs
ifparcd of forming
rftilcmcni as ftinuM
lends for the lofi of
irv. Ke preiendeJ
ha*ehad a ruprrna-
«hkh prorr>ifc<J him

■t left lo fuppoft
hn follnwrrs. The
the government in
I, and the confufion
itiovclved, were (till
ve rc-ifons to alTuce
ef). Having iherf-
(he Seine lo Rouen,
:\y lock that capj'al
,-e, then called Neu-
n«king it his ciaga-
, he advanced up ta
ich he laid fiege in
event] of (his war
OK lo 'he Hift..rv of
■lithe tvorld knoH'-.
gth endfd in the ro-
of Neollria, which
ample was obli^rd to
Rolla and hiiNor-
r to puTchafe ■ peace.

1 It m perpeiu
i) pofterity, :is

feu-

(hey were Cilled by
for ihe latter would
oath of fealty to his

fovereign lord, »nj other wajr thin
by placing his hand* within thoft
of the tinp; and abfolmely re-
fufed to kifa his feet, ai cuftoin
then required, ft was with great
difiicuify he was prevailed on lo
lei une of hi.; wamcrs perrorm ihii
cetenii>ny in his Dead ; but the
officT lo whom Rollo deputed this
f.rvicp, fuddenly raifed the king's
foot fo high, that he oveitarned
hiin on his back : a piece of rude~
nefs which was only laughed at;
10 fijch a degree were the Nor-
mans fcaieJ and Charlea de-
fpifedt-

Si^on after, Rolln was perruaded
to embrace Chriltianiiy, and he
wai baptized with much ceremonjr
by the archbiOiop of Rouen in the
cathedral of ihai ciiv, A; foon a>
he fawhimrelfiri lull polTilIian of
Normandy, he exhibited fiich vir-
loes M rendered ihe province hap.
py, and deferred to make hii for-
mer onrr«ges forgotten, Reltgi-
oui, v.ire, and liberal, thii cap.
lain of pitates became, after Al-
fred, the greatell and moA bu>
manr prince of bij time. Farfrom
irealing Normandy as a conqorrd
province, his whole aitrntion wa*
employed lo te-eflablilh it. Thi*
country wa«, by the frequent de-
vallaiioni of the ScanJ in avians,
rtndeied fo drferc and uncolii-
vated, that Rollo could not at firS
refide in it ; but Charles waa
obliged to yield up Bri'auny to
him for a while, till Normandjr

oui treaty was concluded al S. Cla-r, A. D. 911, by which
retd to give hl> diuehirr GileJe in mamagc 10 Kollo, tt^Her
of Neuttria llncc cniled Normandy, upon condiiiun that be
tgfi tu« ii, and would embr^ice the Chrillian Religion. (Vid.
itogifiue dc i'liilt. de Ftai.ce, par M. iicnaull. T.

Gemmcl. lib. ii. c. 11.

42 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

was in a condition to furniih fab-
iiftence to its new mailers. Ne-
verthclcfs, the fertility of the foil,
fecondin^ the indudry of the peo-
ple, it became, in a few years,
one of the fint!k provinces of Eu-
rope. Thus it was that this
prince, afterwards known under
the name of Rollo or Raoul I.
fecured to his children this noble
prirefTion, which they, two hun-
<*red years afterwards, augmented
bv the conqnell of England: As
if it were ceiHned that this iH i.d
Ihou'd at all times receive its {f>~
Vereigns from anuMig tiic northern
fir.tirns. As 10 the French hiHo-
fi;»ns, ihev jigrce with the Icc!an«
die chioniclcs, in defcribing Rol-
lo as a man of uncommon wifdom
2nd capacity; generou?, eloquent,
indefatigable, i«itrepid, of a no-
ble figure and majeQic (ize. Ma-
ny other Scandinavian princes and
captains are drawn in the fame co-
lours. Such were Harold Har-
fagre, Olave Trygguefon, Mag-
ffiif* king of Norway, Canute the
Great, &c. mrn born with truly
"heroic qujlities, which they, alas !
degraded by injul^ice andinhuma-
T^ity : but who wanted only ano-
tlier age and another education
to render them mod accomplished
pcrfons.

barbarian. Having been oblige!
to leave Denmark, he got loge*
ther a numeroos corps ofadvea-
turrrs, with whom he crofled ofer
into England, where he gtinf^
two fignal vi£torirs; ihen putting
ro (ea again, makes a defers: ii
Fiiefland, which he compelled to
pay a tribute. Afterwards, fail-
ing towards France, he feiz^d oa
Rouen, and repaired its wails aid
towers, to ferve him as a place of
arms ; from whence he ofcd to
fally out, fometimffs ictoEnglaoi),
fometimes into France, Here, ir«
rita^ed by his mifcarriape at tke
fiege of Chartres, his ravages and
cruelties were fuch, that depatirs
came from all parts, petitiooiog
the king to pnrchafe peace at feo^
rare. Rollo infilled on all tbat
fea coaft which he had fo ofteo ri«
vaged, and ther? was no deiiyio|
him. Thus that part of Neoftrii,
which foon came to be called Nor*
mandy from the name of its afarp-
ers, bfcame a feparate (late ()ۥ
pendant on the crown only by at
empty form of homage ; and Bri-
tany, once a kingdom, funk ioto
an arrierefief.

The new duke, after foac in*
ftruftion in our holy myfteries,*is
baptized in the cathedral of Rooeo,
now the capital of his domioioos-

[To illuftrate the chara£ler of It is obferred on this occatoi
ihis Norman conqueror, we (h.»ll that the Normans, though foch
<M|-join the: foHowinc fx trail from
A'-.ly's account of him in his hif-
lory of France. "1

Si:ch ws the f!nie of France

enemirs to the Chriilian rafft,
never offered at compelling an/
one to renounce Chriiianityt
The only blots in duke Rollo or

uSrn afack'd by Rollo, one of Robert's charader were, that l»»

•be mod r.lullrious chief* of the ronfort Gifela, daughter to ChaiW

Normans, and whom a thoufand IV. pin rd to death for his ill treat-

1: ic qualities both cf mind and ment of her; and his beheadisg

n* ■'••, with th? (»race^i Inir«« of his two pfrfons of note, whom tb«

pt::t.j, railed :hovr :Lc cpiihctof king had fcnt with a remonftrisce

CHARACTERS.

«

K angcneioa) behavi-
or hU rabjcfi), them
1 with the molt eietn-
im and goodneft ; and
\y fuppreffed all rapine
t, that, under his go-
■ pair of gold bracelets
oak doring three yean,
' one offering to touch
t well known, that tor
e after hit death, the
; out his name implied
or the magillraiei to
qnell fome didorbance.
rife w the cty Hart, in
, a word derived from

t for

'saffillance. Soch
lion of that renowned
olonf, whofe blood,
ih that of the Franks,
< to England and Si-

ft tf tbt Albigenfes ;
:lly'j nno Hijlery ef

chnrch hid. enjoyed %
ta tranquilirty for near
■ie», *hfn Aimery de
% do£)or "-f the univer-
iris, difTrminated ff-me
ifive dogma). Thii
who had more learning
ufual in hi) lime, aJ-
t paradife anJ hell were
that the pleafure of
at all our heaven, ind
11, gnilc and ignorance;
>ve of the Holy Spirit
led ihaiof JefuiCbrift:
oul of it vvai charily :

■ Rame gave a fjntUon

■ itfelf. 1 ne hcrefiarch
I to Rome, wa< obliged
and through grief and

Ihime fhorteaed hit life, the rvil
ended not with htm. A coancil
meeting at Parti, condemned to
thcAalce all perfooi coavi&ed of
holding fuch mariins, fpariog;
only the women and fome mean
people, whofe ignorance had been
the more eafily impofed on, Aim>
ery'f corpfe wai digged ap, hii
booei burnt, and big aihei hurled
about in the air. A book wai
likewife committed to the damet,
ai the foorcefrom whence the dt>c-
tor had drawn bit impious fubiiU
iie«: this wm Jri^tiU't \Uls-
plyjici, which the French at Con-
Itaniinople had lately iianfmitted
to their own conniry, and the
reading or copying and even ibe
keepitig of it in one'* houfe was
prohibited, under penalty of ex-
communication. Aimery'i fol-
lowers, terrified at fuch rigoroui
procedures, forfook honfeindre«
laiions, and went and incorpo^
rated thcmfelvri with the Albigen.
fes. That was the name given to
all feftarirs agreeing among them-
fflves lo contemn the authority of
the church, to oppofe the ofe of
the ficraments, and fet alide the
antieni difciptine. Under thisge.
neral appellation were compre.
hended the Artans, who denied
the divinity ofChrilt; ibe Mini-
chees, who held iwo principle*,
one good the other evil ; the
Vandot), or the poor of Lion,
whofe only error at firS wai a ve-
neration for inafllve [>over:y, and
a coniempt of the clergy ; the Pe.
trobufiani and Heoriciani, who
rejected the f^craments, and all
oniward worlhip; the Apoftolict.
who boalted that they alone were
Chrift's true myAical body; the
Pnliiiciani, who would not allow
of aoy [cmpora] dominion or jo.
lifdiftiLil

44 ANNUAL |IE

vifdiAion in ecclefiadics ; the Pop-
lican5, or Publicans, who execrat-
ed baptifm, the eucharill, and
v»arria(»e; the Patarins, whofc
charaAeridi^ doctrine was infa-
■lous ; and the Caiharians, who
made profeiTion ot a Angular pu.
Kty. Thefc were all called Aibi-
|>enresy either from the council of
Albi*9 anathenn.itiling their errors,
or from that city and its environs
Iteing p^ticclarly infected with
ihem.

The fltetch of their doftrinrs
and xnaune^^» as drawn by cotcm-
porarv authors, carries in it fomc'
thing ^> ablard and horrid, as a!«
noil to leave a fufpirion of exag-
jffraticti. The Albij^enles, Liy
they^ believed x^o Gods; one
l«encirf l^nt, the author < f ihe New
Tcfla:nent, who had two wivcf.
Coolant and Coiibant, and was the
father of leveral children, r.mong
others of Chrill and the d^viI ; the
rthcr nialevoient, fan'^uinary, and
<^ceicful, the inlKituTor of the old
l;iw, and who bo h proiciuird the
patriarchs whilll living, and hnd
•'amncd them all :ift(r their dea;h.
They likcwile held two Chrills:
rnc all wickedncfb, born ai Beth-
Ichccn, and crucihcd :it jrrufA^r.),
and wh^» fjirJa tcmuf'.ne atiteJ Ma-
rt Iifitj;;r/;/tri, ft /r,r' Jcr i}azir9 ttcn
itimght iM atiuhtrf : ihc <iihtr all
jjootir.c^, inxihbl^, jmuI who nt.
T«T liw. l!fd in tlii«i vv.»ri«.l but fpl-
fUtaitv, and then in the body of
S(. I'au!. '^rhey (^id that the
church nf Ronir ws ih*- gr»Mt
ivhorc fj/oki'n rf in ihe R' vcla-
fion< ; ih''v i»cc<»uiM''d the iacr.;-
Iiient^ hitiliti'*-, callrj m. rri.jj^c
pn ti:tu:i-ni. thtr rucharilt a clii-
irier;i, the i**{\:TTf ti\**f\ a ridi- ii-
)ou3 talr, .ind it.e worihip of ima-
ges dcieiliAbic iJoutr/. Thty had

fpveral orders, as the FirfiB^ tbe
Beiinferst all profri&Dg the high-
ell purity, yet all imnerfed in the
viletl fenfu all ties, on this deter*
table principle. That there is » /t
beioiv tbe gi^^U*

Tne vehemence of the fcAarift
in propagating fuch tenets rouzfd
the church's zeal. Pope Inno.
cent appointed two Bcrnardine
monks to try thefe mifcreantf,
with a power of excommunicatiog
them, and, by the cenfures of tbe
church, of com^elliog the lorii
and others to confifcate their fub-
flance of any kind, to drive them
out of their lands, and, whrnr?-
frai^ory, to put them to dcaib.
This was the firft foandatioo of
the inquintion.

The croiies foon incredfed to
five hundred th^ufand men, and
the Count de Tuuloufe beiag theo
chief of the Albigenfes, this ami*
titude firll fell on Beaiers, hisc*
pTtn^ which was carried at the
firit afTiuli, and nearfeventy ihoa-
funi fiiuls murdered in coldbloeti,
without regard to age or fex. It
is faid that the croilcs, previoufty
to the afluuls confuhed the ahb't
de Citeaux wh;^t thev (hootd do.
25 there was no diftingu-.ihing x*"*^
c<'4tholics from the hemic*. Kd
cA\ anfivered the monk, GrV
kncxLi bii oxkh. So true it is, that
no fiff burns fo fierce as that
kindled at God's kitar.

7/v ChiroLltr 0/" Con flan tine /^i
Crffaf ; J'lOM the Jirft *vclumt tf
Mr. L** Beau's lUfitry tf M
L ) A c r E 1 T . p i r c , lately fuhlijbei.

WH F N Conft.intiu$ Chlorus
was nude Cae'ir in 29^1
and Mas ftat into Gaul for tne

defence

CHARACTERS.

4f

( of t1>e Wfft, CT.rt*ntii.e
■tfriDK apon hit nirncenih
Dioclrfiin krp' Kim n-^r
rfon u ■ hrifUge, lo aifure
f of ihe fiJcliiy of hi^ fd-
nd ciafrd him to be treated
cnutt wiih the mull flaiier
•noati and dillinclinn-. He
lim inio E-vpt with hint,
I ihe WAT agdinll Achiilci,
iDiine, rtjuall)' quaiilird to
mil to comiiand, ^aineJ the
of ih« Emp«ror, and [he
f the troop* by his bravery,
idrrllanding, hi) generuGiy,
ftrengii i-f b'lly, ih«i re-
every f*tigii-. It wm pro-
in ihii rxppJiiinn [hat he
liJe Tribune of the Firft

dent, and at the fame time readf
in determining: In (han, to fioilb
here bis portrait, hii vifage wta
broad and of a frelh colour, with
but little hair and beard, hii eyes
large, hi) look piercing but con-
ciliating, his necic rather thick,
and hit nofe aquiline, hii coDfti-
tu;ion delicaie and riiher oa-
he^lihy, but which he contrived
lo fave by leading a fober and ab-
llemious life, and by moderalion
ii\hit pleafuret.

He was chilte in hii manner).
His y uih, eotrety occupied witK
great anJ n'We defigm, wa) free
troiT. the fulliei incident to that
aee. He m:irrieH youifg, and u
it Oiould feetn ub ut i^ie time of
going into Egypt, Tnc binb

riling glory drew upon him

<.f Minervintt, hit (irfi wif<r, ii »,

eve. Ai hii return from

unknown as that of Helena, and

the people ran out to meet

authors are not Isfj divideJ abouc

and prrffed with cgernefs

her rink. The ifTue of this al-

:4io a figSt of him: Every

liance was a Prince called Crifpu*.

announced a Prince born

emiuent for his good qualities anU

e Empire. He marched at

his miif-ittunei. He «3s born a-

;ht hand of Di'-clnian; His

bout the vear 300, mi it was con-

:nefs dii}injuj(hed him from

fi-quenily in tne Baft, where hi*

;ft._ A noble nau5htiner,.

father re.lded at that time, ani

1 «ir ol llrenglh anil vigour.

not at Arie?, as fo.-ne auihurs have

d throughout hit who'e per-

foppofed.

Tciird at the firfl glance a

Hiltoriansarc nrt agreed in re-

ent of fear. Kut thi, wa.-

fpert 10 Con^hnt'ne's ktowledge

;(>rft waj icf:rr-d bv an a-

and tade rir leitcrs 1 S-.me allow

lie fer-nitv fiireaJ over hi»

him only a (ii^hi linctur.-, o(h<-ri

rs. He had a i.cjri great.

make him entinly ijinorant, .1 few

, xnd Inclined n ma^nia.

reprefent hin- 1: Uiuroughl/ verf-J

! full of" cn?rige, probilv.

in them. His pnegyria Euf:.

love of jjiic-, wlii.h mo-

bii't, very ^i.;!l^,■ cx:o.s hii liuow-

d hi) nati;rJ ambition.

l.-i';:~ and hii el-q-j-nce, and give*

>ut thi) ciiutif.TpoiiV, t^Te

r.:i:icr -n unfi>rton;.tr proof of

othtog h- woaia n'.t hive

th fe great ck'siur.n by a vety

ind without jealoufy; prii. more f;;r the

46 ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

tare than they require of a great other» he commanded bin to it*

Prince: Not facisfied with pro- tack a chief* who, from hii pia^

teding them, with looking upon digioot fixe, appeared the not

them as one of the greateft orna- formidable of all the Barhariaai.

snents of his Empire, and encon- Conftantine ruibes ftrait apon tke

raging them by his bonnty, he enemy, ftrikes him down, aad

was fond of compofing, and even dragging him by the hair, bnon

of pronouncing orations, fiut, him trembling to the feet of to

l>efides that the taAe for letters was general. Another time, be n-

not that of the court, in which he ceived orders to fling hinfelfm

had been brought up, and that horfeback into a morafs, bebiai

none of the Princes of that-time, which were pofted the Sarautiaai,

except Maximin, piqued them* and of which the depth -^was mc

felves upon their knowledge, we known : He pafles ir, (bitm$ the

fee by the little that remains of his way to the Roman troops ;'oTcr-

writings, that he had fcarce more throws the enemy, and retorassf*

learning and eloquence than was ter having gained a glorious vk-

neceflary to gain the applau fes of tory. It is even faid, that the ly-

his courtiers, and to perfuade him- rant having obliged bim to coa-

fcif, that he was not delUtute of bat a furioot lion. Conftaatiie

thofe qualities. came off from this combat allb^

I cannot believe what feme hif- triumphing over that terrible ani-
torians fay, that Diodefian, jea- mal, and the wicked defigas of
lous of Con(lantine*s merit, wifiied Galerius.
to deftroy him. So black a defign ConlUntios had feveral tiiaei
agrees better with the charadler of demanded the return of bis fea
Galerius, to whom others attri- without being able to get bim oat
bute it. It appears, that after the of the hands of his colleague. At
expedition into Egypt, Conftan- lad, being upon the poiut of go-
tine attended the Tatter in fcvcral ing into Great Britain to laake
wars : His fmgular valour gave war againft the PiAs, the bad ftate
umbrage to this bafe and arrogant of his health made him fear the
man: Galerius, determined to ruin leaving him at his death to tkt
him, immediately removed him mercy of an ambitions and bloodf
from the rank of Cxfar, which tyrant. He fpoke in a firmer tone I
was due to him by his mf ric, by the Ton, on his fide, warmly foli*
hi? quality, as Ton of Conftaoiius, cited permiflion to rejoin bii fi*
by the efteem of theEmpcrorf, and ther ; and Galerius, who dared
by the love of the people, lie re- not break openly with Conftanuas
tatned him however at his court, confented at lad to the departora
where the life of this young Prince of Conibntine. He gave him ia
was in greater danger, than in the the evening the neceflary warraat
midfl of battics. for poft-horfes, with exprefs ia*

Under the pretence of procuring jundions not to fet off the neat

him glory, Galerius expofcd him morning, till he had received frelh

to the grearcil peril?. In a war orders from him. It was with re*

:i?qinft the Sarmaii.-ns, when the gret that he fuifered hit prey to

two ftrmies were in fight of each cfcape, and he only made ufeof

CHARACTERS.

47

f, that tie Aill might find
lence to ftop hioi, or'thit
t bave time to give noiite
It lo deiiin hint, when he
aTi through Italy. TKe
Gileriui affeAcd lo re-
bed till noon, and having
Condaniine to be callrd,
iflied to hear that he had
1 the beginning of the
Trembling with rage, be
im lo be purfard and
back : bat the purfoit wis

impoflible : Conflantine
ih the uimofi expedition,
the precaution to csufi:- a!l
horTet that he left on hii
e ham-ftiingedi and the
rage of the tyrant only

the regret of not hav-
'd 10 perpetrate the lait

mine like lightning tri-
lyria, and the Alps, be-
rui could have any ncwi
.nd arrived at the port of
■, as the fleet wai Tetting
e joy of ConSantiui at
>ped for encounter is not
eelTed. He receivei into
thii Ton whom To many
had rendered flill dearer
and mixing togettier their
] every mark of ilieir af-
hej arrived in Great Bri-
lere ConAintius having
d the Pias, fell fick. and
tjih of Juiy, in (be year

ive beheld oar hero, wi:h
»y» of the rifing fun re-
Ktn him ; let u> now cra-

wiih our author, and be-
aiAure in that fober light,
reftedof all glare, the pans

their trae coloorg ; when
ind SIC the judgej, aod

power can neither prevent ceofsrci
nor richeg gain a plaudit.]

Conflaniine died the aii oF
May, being Whicrundiy, at
nonn, in the Confulate of Pelici-
anus aid Titian; having reigned
ihiriy yean, nine month*, and
twenty-fcveti days, and lived Gxty>
three yean, two months, and
twrnty-five days.

As foon as he w» dead,- hia
guard) Iheived figni of the mot
poignant grief: they tore their
clothrs, ihcy threw theoifelvc) op-
oti the ground and beat their
head). In the midft of their foba
and lamentable cries, th;y called
him their miller, their emperort
their father. The Tnbaoei, the
Cetiiurions, and the foldieri, who
h>id fo often bren witneflei of bii
valour in xht Geld, feemed defiroa*
of following him even lo the grave.
Thii loft was more grievous ta
them than the mofl blo[«iy defeat.
The inhabitants of Nicomedia ran
confofedly thr^-ugh the Rrett'i
mixing their groani and tears. It
wai a particular mourning in every
family ; every one, in weeping fnr
his Prince, wept fcr his own pri-
vate bfs.

The body xtm carried to Con-
fliniinopte in a golden coffin co.
vered with pnrple. The foldiei*
■n penGve filencc preceded and
followed the corpfe. It was df-
pofiied ndorncd with ibe purple
and diadem in chE principal ap^rt.
ment of ihe'paljtc, upon an ele-
vated tllrade in the midit of a
great number of ilambvaov iit
golden candlellicks. The guards
lurrouoded i: night and day. The
generals, count* and grcii o£ceii
crime every day, ai if lie h^d liteti
Itill living, to pjy their duty kt
Aatrd

48 ANRtJAL REGl STER, 1770.

- s

Hated times, and falatrd him with
the bended knee. Tlie fenators
and roagillrates entered afterwards
in their turn ; and after them a
crowd of people of every age and
fex.

The whole Empire lamented
this great Prince, His conqueds,
his law.^y thefuperb edifices, with
which he had adorned all the pro-
vinceSy Conllaniinople itielf, the
whole of which was one mngnifi-
cent monument erf6)eii to his glory,
had gained him the general admi- •
raikn : his liberality and love for
his people had acquired him their
afie^ion. He was fond of the city
of Rheims* and it 19 undoubtedly
to him, and not to his fon, that v^e
ought to attribute the building of
hot*baths there at his own expence:
the pompous elogium, which the
infcription of thefe baths bears,
can only be applicable to the fa-
ther ; he had diichareed Tripoli in
.Afric?, and Nice in Uithynia, from
ccrtniit hurthcnfome contributions,
to which the prrceding Emperors
had Jiihj(»fted ihele cities for more
t')an a tenturv. He had accrpifd
the title ut Stiate^'us or Praetor of
Aihens, a dignity wh'ch fincc Gal-
I'C.iRus w.?s become fupcM lor to that
i( Archon: he caufcd a large
c;i.aRtity of corn to be (!iilribut:*d
t'^crc arnuH'lv ; and this clomtioa
\. .i i*(iab!ifh(d for ever. Rome
i :!i il'zcd i ulf beyond the other
%.;i*.-N by ihe cxcefs of her grief.
>.,,. rrj^ro.:c}nd hcrfclf wiih having
t car.t n 'd ihis Prinrc ni.»ny bitter
it^iCticjv, .ind with h.'.vii g forced
him 10 prefrr DyZ'.niiuin ; penc-
tr:itvJ w:th rrj^ri^t Or* accult'd !i:'r-
i'-If as ihi' ;.'uiiiy caufc tf the clc-
%a:ion of h'T nunicrn rivnl. The
ItHs a'ld r.iark:ts w -re ftiut up j
;he fpcClacifk ^nd all other public

amufements were forbid ; the ge«
neral converCuioa was apoa the
loft which they had fafiained.
The people declared aloud that
they would have no other coperon
than the children of Conftantinc
They demanded with importanity»
that the corps of their Emperor
fliouid be fent to them ; and their
grief augmented when they learnedt
that it remained at Condantioople.
Thev paid honours to ihc pictuic
of him, in which he was reprc-
fented ;ls feated in heaven. IdDla-
try, ever extravagant, placed hia
anion^d the number of ihofe gods
which he had overthrown, an«i by
a ridiculous confufion, feveral of
his medals bear the title of Gcd
with the monogram of Chrift. li
the cabinets of antiquarians are
prcfeirved others, fuch as Eofebtai
defcribes; Con llan tine ii there fen
fcated in a car drawn by fbar
horfes : he appears to be drawn op
to heaven by a hand, which cofflcs
ou! of the cloudf.

The church h^s paid him mere
TC2[ honours. Wnilli the Pagaci
w-re making him a god, ths
Chrillians made him a f.int. Hii
feilivals were celebrated in the Ej2
uith that of Helena, and the fer-
vice for him, which is ver\-aDciesC
among the Greek?, attributei ta
him miracles and cures* At Cob*
ftantinople a monarilery was bailc
under the name of Saint Coofba*
tire. ExtraorcMiiary honours wcic
paid :o his tomb and to his ftstae*
wliich were placed upon a ccIoniB
of porphyry. The fathers cf thf
council of Chalcedon thought thrr
did honour to Marciao, the moll
rr!'giou5 ot princes, by faloiiflff
him with the name of the Ne*
Cor !lan tine, in the ninth centuryi
at Rome, they dill ic^itcd His

oaiH

I

CHARACTERS!

49

. Uifi with that of Thro-
be firft, and of the relt of
ft refpcfied priocei. Ta
1 there >vere fevcral chorches
ari dedicited to him. In
■ there it the town of Saint
.tine.roiirinilesfroin Mount
M. At Prague ia Bohe-
1 BUmoTj wat for a long
>noured, and /bme of his
wtft preferred there. The
on of Conftancine and of
have extended even into
y : and the modem Greeks
iljr gire him the title of
lit Jfijlltt.

antine't failiogt will not
1 to fiibfcribe to To hyper-
lo eologiuni. The ^ght-
Uclei of fo many cap^vei
d by wild beaSt, the death
in who wai innocent, that
•Ife whofe loo precipitate
rem bore the appearance
ice, fulficienily evince that
>d of the barbariani Ai!l
in. his veini ; and that if
good and merciful in hii
r, he became cruel and
fal Ihrpaeh paflion. Pcr-
had fufijcient caufe to put
I the two Licinii ; but pof-
I a right to condemn prin-

0 have not taken the irou-
iuftify themrelvei at their
. He loved the church ;
in liberty and fplendcr to
ut eafy to be feduced, he
:d it when he thought to
, relying too much upon

undcrlUnding, and re-
vith too much crrHuIiiy
e good faith of wickid
ho fuiroundcd him ; he

1 up to pcrTccution prc-
iho, with greater rraf.m

to be comp2rcd to the
The exile and dsrtcfitioa
XIIL

of the defender* of the faith of
Nice, balance at leaft the glory
of having aftemhled that famous
council. Incapable himfelf of dif.
fimulatioD, he too ea&ly became
the dupe of heretics and counieri.
Imitator of Titili Antoninus, and
Marcus Aureliu;, he loved hit
people, and wilhed to be beloved
by them j but this very fund of
goodnefi, which made him che-
rilh them, rendered them mifera-
ble; he fpared even tbofe who pil-
laged ihem; quick and ardent in
prohibiting abtifes, flow and back-
ward in poniOiing them ; covetous
of glory, and perhaps

much in trifles

Hei

repr.

iched

with having been matt addifl'ed to
raillery than becomes a great
prince. As for the red, he was
challe, piou<, laborious, ai li in-
defatigable; a great general, fi:c-
celiful in war, and dcf^'riing hti
fuccefs by his (hinirg valour, and
by the brig^itncfiof his peniusj a
proteAor of artt, and an rncru-
rager of them by his hci-rficcnce.
if we compare himnith At'^udus,
we fliall 6nd that he ruini'd ido.
latry by I'n!; fame precauiiiTt, and
the fame addrcfs, which t);c: other
finpl-iyed to dcilroy liberiy. Like
Aiguliui, he laid the |i-ur.!a\ior»
of a new empire; bjl !clV !ki\tu',
and Icfi politic, he lOulJ no: v\vc
h the fame ftnbilily; he wrake'ncd
the body of ihc Ibie bv adding to
it, in fome meaiuT, a ftcond head
in the foundation of Cor.ftaniino-
plc; and trAnfporiing the crnier
of motion and I'renrth too neir
the eallern ei^tremitv, he tefi wiih-
outhoat, and almol uiihrnn lif,,
liie wdlern parts, whitli f.'on bt.
ca.ii-.irrcv toihcharb-^rian..

The l'.i;;.ns vere to£> n
cn-mie) to do hiiii jullic

ich hii

50 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

tropins fays, that ia the former
part of his reign, he was equal to
the moft accompliihed princes,
and in the latter to the meaneft.
The younger Vif^or, who makes
him to have reigned more than
one-and-thirty years, pretends that
in the firft ten years he was a hero,
)n the twelve fucceeding ones a
robbrr, and in the ten lalt a fprnd-
thrift. Itiseafy to perceivr, with
refpcft to thefe two reproaches of
Victor's, that the one relates to
the riches which Conftantine took
from idolatry, and the other to
thofe with which he loaded the
church.

Au Account of the Circoncelliones,
in Africa ^from tht/amt,

OU R author, after giving an
account of the Donatills,
proceeds as follows :

A haughty, extravagant, fiery
ff Jl was a fubjed thorougMy pre-
p;;.cd for fanniicirm ; accordingly
ihtre i-rofc among thcni, in v^hat
yc:ir is net prccil^ly known, but
during the life of CvTii flan line,
a fp^cics of madmen, \%ho wt-re
called CircofictlUcnts^ becaulc they
ucrc continually rambling round
the houf?s in the country. J*, is
i'^crcJibli* what ravage^> anJ cruel-
lir^ thcfe vagaboncs con.n<i;tcJ in
A'iita tl.roii- h a long Arrics of
vtars, Tluy were illiterate, fa-
\ . gc |:enl*jrit? , who undcrllood ciily
the I'lMiic l.'.ii^;u3gr. Intoxicjied
wilh a h-krbaroii:» zcfil, thry rc»
noinCfJa^/ici!lri.rr, profcflcJ con-
lii I nee, and aUurncd the title of
\'i I: die J tors of Jul! Ice, an J Pro-
lii') M.- oi the O;-; roll, 'i'o accom-
|!«Ih their miiliein, tluy enfL-n.
iliiuJ ]lav«.f, icour.J the reads.

forced mafiers to alight from thu
chariots, and ran before didr
flaves, whoa theyoblieed iDmoni
in their place; and difchaf|d
debtors, killing the creditors, if
they refafed to cancel their boiidi.
But the chief objeA of their aaeltf
was the Catholics, and efpcdsUf
thofe who had renounced Dopt-
tifm. At firil they ufed no fivrrdi,
becaufe God bad forbid the ifedf
one to St. Peter ; but they woe
armed with clubs, which tbey
c&lled the clubs of Ifrael ; ui
which they handled ia fbch I
manner, as to break all the boici
of a man without killing biaci
the foot; fo that he languifliedi
longtime,' and then died. Wba
the^ took away a man's life it
once, they looked npon it as a fa-
vour. They became leli fcript-
lous afterwards, and made uie of
all forts of arms Thrir fiioflt
was Pniiit hi to GeJi thefe «oi\ii
in their mouths %vrre a figoal of
flaughterj more teirible than ibe
ro.irifig of a lion. They had i»-
wni^d an unhcdtrd-cf paniQirDevt;
which was to cover wiih lime, di«
Ir.ted u it'll vinegar, the cyrs of
thoiV uniiappy wretches, whcoi
t!:e'. had crullied with bloa«, ;r.J
cu\y.icJ v^ith wou:id«, and toabj"«
den th'-u) In 'hat cotiditiur. N-.^cr
wa-j a flronger proor, vha: Korren
fup(rlliti<. n can bcgrc in ta'z^-ii
dclli'ute of iwuowletlgc and bu.
ni<iiiit». Tiicfe i)ru:ci, i%!ioKad
n.Tiic a vowot chafti*y, gaveihea-
felics up CO uine, and all forts of
impurities, running about wick
Women and \oLrg girh as drnnk
as thrmfcives, uhom tbrv uM
facrcd virg:n.s, and who cft'.n car-
ricrii proofs of their inconuncficr.
TNrir chiefs took the name tf

After having
gluiici

Clirfj ffthc Su».itj.

CHARACTERS.

J«

demfelvci with blood,
ned their nee opon them-
id foaght death with the
f with which ibej gave it
*. Some fcrainblcd up to
of rocki, and cift tbem-
>WD headlong in mulci-
iher* burned thcnifelves,
- ihemrelves into the Tea.
who ptopofed to acquire

of mariyrg, poblilhtd it
ire; upoD which they were
lOd faitened like oxen for

after thefe preparaiions,
lot tobedeftroyed. Son;e-
ey gave money to thoTe
ley met, and threatened
er them if they did not
en Biarlyra. Theodotet

account of a flout, bold
.ao, who, meeting with a

thefe fanatic), confented
hem. provided he might
m firft; and having by
IS put it ou: of their power

ihcmrdvei, whipped them
ai be wa) able, and left
d,in that manner. Their
reienJed M blame them,
I made ufe of them to in*
fuch ai might be tempted
■ their fcfl i ihey even ho-
em ai fainit. They were
ver able to goiern thefe
lopfteri ; and more than
id ihemfelveg under a ne.
' abandoning thtfm, and
mploring theafiillance of
ar power againll them.
t* Urfacint and Tanrinus
loyed to (juell them : they

a great number of them,
the DonaiilU made fo
rtyn. Urfaciai, wbo was
Catholic, and a religioui
ing loll hii life in ao eu>

with the Barbarian!, the

did Dot fail to triumph

in fait death, ai an cfleft of the
vengeance of Heaven. Africa wai
the theatre of thefe bloody fcenei,
durintr the remainder of Coiiftan>
tine'.iife.

CbaraatrcfLtvi'n Xdl. (/France;
fr,m £W Herbert >/^Cherbury'f
Mimeiri.

THIS being done, I prefentcd
to the Itine a letter of Cre-
dence from the Iting my maAer)
the king alTiiied me of a reciprocal
affcAion to the khg my mafier,
and of my particular welcome to
his court: ait word) were never
many, aa being fo extreme a Aut-
lerer, that he wonid fometiinea
hold hi* tongue out of; his 'moorh
a good while before he iould fpealc *
fo mnch ai one word ; he had be-
fidei a double row of teeth, and
was obferved feldooi or never to
fpit or blow his nofe, or to fweac
much, tho' he were very laboriou),
and almoA indefatigable io bit ex*
ercifes of hunting and hawking, to
which he was moch addiAedj
neither did it hinder him, tho* ho
wa* barft id bit body, ai we call
it, or Heroiofut ; for he was noted
in thofe fportg, ihongh ofienttilie*
on foot, to tire not only hia coar-
tiert, but even big lackies, being
equally infenlible, as waa thoaght,
either of heat or cold ; his under-
flandiog and natural parti were aa
gnod as could be expeded, in one
that was brought up in fo mach '
ignorance, which wai on purpofe
fo done that he might be the longer
governed; howbcii be acquired in
time a great knowledge in affairs,
as convcrfJDg for the moll psrt
with wife and atlive perfons. He
wa* noted lo have two t^aalitiei
?. I incident

argaed by this : that when tboc
was qaeftion made aboat Tone bi-
finefs in Bohemia^ he demaadcd
whether it was an inland coanrn,
or lay opon the fern ?

52 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

incident to all who were ignorantly
brought up, fufpicion and diffimu*
lation; for as ignorant perfons
walk to much in the dark, they
cannot be exempt from fear of
ftumbling; and as they are like-
wife deprived of, or deficient in
thofe true principles, by which
they (hould govern both public
and private anions in a wife, folid,
and demonflrative way, they flrive
commonly lo fupply ihefc impcr-
fedions with covert arts, which
though it may be fometimes excuf-

ablem n^ceflirous perfons, and be
indeed frequent among thofe who
negotiate in fmall matters, yet is
condemnable in princes, who pro.
ceeding upon foundations of reafon
and flrength, ought not to fubroit
themfelves to uich poor helps :
howbeit I muflobferve, that neither
his fears did take away his courage,
when there was occafion to ufc it,
nOr his diflimulation extend itfelf
to the doing of private mifchiefs
to his fubjc^s, either of one or
the other religion : his favourite
was one Monfieur De Luynes, who
in his non-age gained much upon
the king, by making hawkcs fly
at all little birds in his gardens,
and by making fome of thofe little
birds again catch butterflies; and
had the king ufcd him for no other
purpofe, he might have been to-
lerated ; but as, when the king
came to a riper anc, the govern-
ment of public affairs was drawn
chiefly from his counfels, not a
few errors were committed.
' The queen-mother, princes, and
nobles of that kingdom repined
chat bis advices to the kin^ fhould
be fo prevalent, which alfb at lall
caufed a civil war in that kingdom.
How unfit this man was for the
credit he had with the king may be

A fieri Cbara0er rf tin Uu Sir
Jofeph Yates.

THE late Sir Jofeph Yatei
was one of thole who, very
early in life, attached himfelf to
the ftudy of the laws, not ai the
generality of ftodents do, either
from the appointment of pareots,
or the mere motives of drawing
pecuniary refourcet from the pro-
fefTion, but from the more liberil
principle of informing himfelf is
a fcience, which only appealed
important to him from being «•
pable of defending the lives and
properties of individuals. With
this open and enlarged turn of
mind, he purfued hii enquiriei
with a perfeverance and precifioa
almofl peculiar to himfelf, till the
profcfTion repaid him, by ftcripg
his mind with an nniverfal knoft«
ledge of its laws, which very rarely
falls to the lot of the greateft u-
Icnts, or mofl diligent refearchcSi
His invincible modefly, however,
repelled him the notice of the pub-
lic for many vears, till at laft the
repeated jultaefs of his opinions,
and forcibility of his pleadings
procured him a coif, firom vhcDce
he was fome time afterwardi pro-
moted to one of the judges of the
King's-Bcnch.

In this charafler he alwa^icoa-
dudled himfelf with a dignity lo^
impartiality that refleded hooour
even on that refpeflable fituatiofl.
The right of the fubjed, and the
dignity of the crown, were oe\-er

CCCi-

ttallr explained by will or
iufm, bat by tbe ritablilbed
|e of the law -, and a ncady
lal obrervanre of Ji, formed
rariable rale of his conduit,
chargti to Jutter, were not
trgei of an Afiatic Cadi df-
g . bii own will, but the
« of a BritiHi judge in the
'liberiy.and will be rcmem-
ior man]' years with pleafure

lovers of freedom and ora-

In ihefe he appeared more
lardian of che people, than
(er of the crown ; and hit
ice medium, as a dIRribuior
« To ftri'!>ly, that the of-
I party, whillt ihey fell the
;CB«nt, couM not ;cfriin ap-
ng ibe chaaiTer.
ugh Dniverl'j] in his bnow-
Df the laws, his forte con-
r lay in common pleadings,
vbtch he was the nioft mi-
acqaajnted of any man of
le. SeDGble that his talent)
im more Rrongly this way,
the late refignation tjf judge
(aliciied to change from the
-Bencb to the Common -
whicb be fucceedcd in, but

be did not long live to en.
icrcby depriving the world

of the greaicH judges, of
lari, England perhaps ever
I of.

cbaraAer at a lawyer, iho*
licalariy matlced forJinow-
Uid candour, wai ly no
ilimimlhed at a grnilem^n.
tiDsaic knowledge of the ans
lUncej, a fine tafle of the
iCItrei, joined loan unconi-
hilanihropy of temper, en-
liimiiQlonly theelleem, but
t Aimiraiioti of hii ac-
1 when he died.
I Uuir IrieadOiips,

which can only be fllted up by «
recollettioo of what he w-- '

CenuiM Jni(Jalt$ e/ ibt lift tf lb»\
Lu Peter ColHnfon, P. R.S.

THE iogeniousanthorof thi)
liitle piece juftty oblerves,
that to place before the public an
example woiihv of imitation, ir
no incotifiderab'le fervice. The
great and good Author of Nature,
hjs implanted a principle in every
breall which neceffarily approves
of a condua dlrefled to the advan-
tage of mankind. Of what we
approve we aic naturally emulous,
and the tribute that is publicly
paid to the memory of a worthy
man, may well be coniidered as »
kind of rcivard offered for the cn-

ancient family in the North, and
the gteat grandfon of Peter Collin-
foo, who lived on his paicroal
eftjte called HugaUHall.or Height
of Hugal. near Windcrmere-lake,
in ihc parifh of Stavely, about ten
miles from Kendal in Wcftmore-
Jand. What was hii father's pro-
fcOion, or where he lived, does not

He was born in the year 1695,
and bred to trade as 'a wholefale
dealer, in what is called Man's
Mercery : a brother whofe name
was James, feems alfo to have becrj
bred to the fjmc bufinefs. probably
by their father.

Peterand James became partners
wliich was afbrtunatecircumllance
for them both, becaufe living in
great harmouy, and iheir bolincfa
not requiring their ptefence toge-
ther, ihey had both leifure to at.
Mud their putkulv llndin and

E 3 purfgiu.

54. ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

purfuits, whether of pleafure or
improvement.

Peter, while a youth, had dif-
tovered a (Irong attachment to na-^
tural hi0ory ; "infefts and their
feveral metamorphofesy employed
many of thofe hours, which, at
his time of life, are generally fpent
upon other objeAs. Plants alfo en-
gaged his attention, and he very
c:r!y began to make dried fpecU
mtns. ,

While he was yet a young man
his diligpnt curiofity, with refpe^
to thefe objedls, procured him the
acquaintance of the moft eminent
naturaliOs of that time, particu-
larly of Df rham» Woodward* Dale,
Lloyd, and SUt-Hans Sloane. He
coDUra^ed « friendOiip alfo with
the, late Sir Charles Wager, who
enriched Sir Han*s collection, now
conftituting the Britifli Mufeum,
with many curioAties, which, be-
ing excited by Mr. Collinfon, be
picked up in the coorfe of his
siany voyages, encouraging alfo
the commanders under him, who
were Rationed in different parts of
the globe, to procure whatever
was rarr and valuable in every
brarch of natural hiflory, for the
fame kind and liberal purpofc.

Among the vail variety of ar-
ticles in that imr..€nre trrafury of
nature, .there were vrry few with
the hiftory of which Mr. CoHinfon
was not yet scqr.ainied, his fa-
miliarity with Sir HaOb being fuch
that he vifiied him at all times, and
continued todo fo till his death.

Befideshis acquaintance with na-
tural hiftory, his knowledge of
the antiquities of his own country
was very coniidei able. In Decem-
ber 1728, when he was about five-
^nd-.hirty years old, hewasele^ed
m Member of the Royal Sgclety,

and was a Member of the Societf
of Antiquarians from its firft infi-
tution.

To the Royal Society he was one
of the moft diligent and aieftl
Members it had ; he not only fop*
plied many curious obfervations
himfelf, bat he promoted and pre.
ferved a moft exien five corrcfpood-
ence with the learned and ioge*
nious of all countries. The Ao«
tiquarians he alfo farnifhed witk
many curious articles of intelli*
gence and obfervation, withrefpcd
to the particular objcAs of their ei*
quiry, as well at home as abroad.

Wherever he was, or however
fee mindly engaged, nothing ibit
deferv:d his notice at any tiae
efcapcd him, and Jie minated dovi
every ftriking hint ihat occarred
either in reading or converfitioi.
With fuch hints, COD verfation per«
haps furnilhed him ftill moretbia
books; for there was fcarceamn
of learning and ingenuity, whil*
ever was his profeiGon, in EngUs^i
that was not of his acquaintaooe:
and of the foreigners who cane
hither, either for improvement or
pleafure, ihofe who were emineit
for their knowledge of natoral W*
tory, or proficiency in any art or
fcience, were conftantfy recon-
mended to his notice and friend*
ihip ; among thefe was the cele-
brated Linnaeus, with whom, dor*
ing hi$ refidence in England, Mr.
Collinfon contracted an intiiDSte
friend (hip, which was reciprocal!;
increafed by a multitude of good
offices, and continued without aaj
diminution to the lalK

Thefe recommendations were
the natural confequencrs of ki*
extcnfive foreign corrcfpondescei
which he maintained with the
greateft pundaality. Heacqutioted
^ o ilie

']

CHARACTERS.

$5

A ud iagenioai id di- lh«ep in Spun, with refped to

:t of the globe with the their migriiintu from the moun>

1 and improTcments that tiini to the pUini, «nd back from

t here in varioai braochej the pUini to the fnounMinii, which

dte; and there ii fcarce he publilhed in the year 1764,10*/

of the woild from which not be conGdered among the leaft

It receive informationi of of ihe beneiiii that have accrued

cind in rcEorn. from faii extcafive and inquiGtivc

ihii correfpondence of currefpondeRce,

liofoD, Ml native cooDtry When America ti better peopled,

■lanj inllaacct, derived the mountainous part) more ha-

■ffltage and honour. bitible, the phint unloaded of

year 1730, > fubfcriptian ib^ir va(t forefts, and cultivated,

ai fet on foot at PhilideU the finea Ihrep in the world ma/

nerica, to whichMr. Col- potTiblv cover the plaioi of Caro-

idc feveral valuable pre- Una, Georgia, and Eaft and Weft

d procured otberi from Florida, in the winter monthi,

t. and retreat to the monntaini at the

direSort of this libr.iry, fummer heats increafe and dry up

horn wa> Dr. Franklin, the heibage. We are at prefent

iofon tranfmiited the ear- utter llra^g^■rs to this teconomy,

not of every new Eu- which might, pcrhapi, be prac-

iprovement iti agriculture tifed with advantage even in Eng>

trts, and etfery philofo- land ; with thii difference, that

Tcovery. Id 174; be fcnt the hilU fhould be chofen for th«

ccount of foroenew expe- refidence of tbele animiU in win-

a eledricity, which had ter, proper fbeiter being made for

1 made in Germany, with them, and the wetter low.Iandi

■be, and fome dirtftioni referved for their paltate itt fum-

igbi be ufed fo ai to repeat mer.

So long agn, as theyear I7+0, he

vai the firit noiii^ that was confiderable among ihcie who

iklin had of that curious were beft acquainted with botany

vhich, encnuraged by the and natural hiHory in England.

eteption that Mr. Collin- Hii collection wai very Urpe; hi|

to bii letters concirninir fpecimctii were nell chofen: he

•ofecuted with a fuccefi had a biitsnical garden at Mill-hill

made hitn eminent in mar Enfirld, whiih at that time

intry in Europe, and pro- cont^iined m^^ curious plants not

his own thp honour of to befound in any other, the num.

rft reduced phenomena to ber oF which wai continually in-

with refpefl to this great cieiiing till hlf dejth.

geni, powcrfullv and per- Thii collection and gartJen

ipe^ating, though hitherto brouj^'ht him acquainted U'ith many

own to exift- pcifoni cf r.nfc and diftinflion in

■J in fome fu'ure period, iliii kingdom, who were dillin-

int which Mr, Collinfon guilhed by their i.nlte in planting

of the management of and horticulture, or deliroua 10
E 4. make

56 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

make roral improvements. With
fomc of thefe he frequently fpent a
few days at their feats, commend-
ing and cenfuring what he ap-
proved and difapproved in the de-
iigns they were carrying on, with
an integrity and tafle that didequal
honour to the (implicity of his
manners, and the reditude of his
judgmenrt. Fiequentopportunitie5»
during a lojig life, had furni(hed
him with an extcnfive experience
of the effects of different methods
of cultivation, and of the particu-
lar foil and afpcA which were bed
adapted to different planis and
trees ; how beauties might be bell
improved, and incurable defeats
hidden : by this knowledge he
often prevented young planters
from committing capital millakes,
redified others, into which they
had been miflcd, either by the ig*
xiorant or the dcfigning, and pre*
vailed upon many of his friends
to adopt this rational amufement,
find pcrfevere in it, to the mutual
advantage of thcmfelvcs and their
country. 1 never knew an inllance,
i'aiJ Mr. Coilinfon, in which the
purfuit of fuch plcafurcs did not
cither £nd temperance and virtue,
or make them.

He was the firfl that introduced
the great variety of feeds and
ihrubs which are now the principal
ornaments of every garden; and
It is owing to hii inquifitivc in-
dud ry ih. t \o many pcrfons of the
firfl diAindion arc now able to fee,
in their own domains, groves that
have been tranfplanteU from the
Wertcrn continent, ilouriih with
the fame luxuriance as thofe which
fire indigenous to Britain.

As his mercantile bufinefs was
tranfadled chiefly with North- Ame-

rica, heinterefted himfelfiowbl-
ever mieht contribute to itsadm-
ta^, lie nfed to obferve to the
Virginians, that tbeir prefent ftapk
is tobacco ; fi plant of which the
confumption depends wholly npM
the caprice of cufton md Mbimt
and he therefore freqoentljr nrgcd
them to think of fomeifaior more
permanent, fomething ncce&rjr to
the natural'-fubGftence or eojo^-
xnent of life. He obfenred that
vines wonld thrive fis well in their
country as tobacco; bat» faid bci
do not keep them clofe to tbe
ground, as we arc forced to dofer
want of a little more fan and heat:
your fu mmer*heats exceed, as mack
as ours fall ihort ; allow yoor
vines therefore longer ftems; kt
them be trained to and fnpported
by trees, and hide their fruit amon;
the foliage, as they do in tlie
warmer parts of Eorope. On this
occafion our author obferves, ihit
in mod of onr northern and fontbern
colonies there is a ereat variety of
native grapes growing wild in the
woods, and twining among the
trees and buflies for fnpport: tbst
fevcral of thefe are capable of pro-
ducing a rich good wine, as ip-
pears by experiment; and ibat
where the attempt has failed, tbe
fault has been not in the froit, bat
in thewanteiiher of (killor carcii
making the wine. I have nytelft
fays he, tailed fomc very good
wine from the wild uncultivitf^
grape of America, which has bees
haliily made without experirncff
and fent over to England, It >>
rcafonable therefore to condole*
that if proper care was lakea lo
improve the grape by cnhivatioDi
and the wine by a diligent aoi
fitilful proccfs in the making i-i

An»

CHARACTERS. 57

esBiiglit become one of the' He wis in the bigheR degree
itebrucd wine conn trie* upon fond both of floweri and frnit.
Of fruit be ilwayj made the prin-:
Colliolbn was alfo of Opi- cipal part of hit meal ; ana bit
that dar, hemp, aod 6ik, houfc was never without flowcrst
be cultivated in oor Ame- from the early fnowdrop to the ao-
raloniei with equal advan- tumnal cyclamen,
I then aod to di. NotwiihUaoding his temperance
wu a remirlcable inflance, he was romeiime* aitaclEcd by the
e who U never idle, need gout ; but in other refpeQt he en-
be in a hurry I He WIS al- joyed perfeCt health, and great
itung fomething, and there- equality of fpirits.
: tranfafled all his domeflic In the automnof the year lydSt
lercantile affairs, and pre- he went to vilit Lord Petre, for
bii extenGve and moltifui- whom he had a fingular regard, at
itrefpondence with a quiet his houfe in ElTex; and while h«
rityaud filent difpatch, that was there, he was feized with «
f prevented embarralTment total fappreHion of urine, which,
lay. TheUaraelefsfimpli- baffling all the efforts of medicine,
'his manners, and the care- put an end to his life on the nth
onomy of his time, kept his day of Augnft, juft as he had ar-
perpetually ferene, and fe- rived at the 7 jth year of his age.
is always ca&ly improved Indofed in hii will was found «
Learfutnefs. paper importing, " That he hoped
ftainre was below the mid- " he (hould leave behind bim a
e, and his body was rather " good name, which be rained
ent; his habit was plain, " more than riches; that he bad
; been bred a quaker ; hii " endeavourednot tolive ufeleHy t
kind and libera), and hii " and that his confiant aim
r open and communicative. *• through life had been to be a
aa an cEConomiA, but his •' friend to mankind."
'Bywaiby no means fevere. Without any prelenlions towhaC
d a heart that fympathifed is generally called learning, be
Itftrefs, and a band that was knew more both of nature and of
I open to relieve it. As his art, than nine in ten of thofe who
nd rational pleafures faved pride tfaemfelves in having it.
rom the fafhionable follies Hii time had been fpent not in

Sinerally encroach far upon learning the names of things in

t, he rofe very early in the different •languages, but in ac-

og. When he was in Lon- quiring the knowledge of their

e applied to the bufinefi of nature and properties, their pro-

untmg-houfe : when in the duAionsand ufe. Without public

y, he was almoft rontinu- llation, he was the means of na-

mployed in his garden, ob- tionat advantages; he had an in-

g and aOifting the progrefs fluence that wealth cannotgive,and

etation, which equally con- will be honoured when titles are

;d to bii plcafurc and his forgotten,

Mtmiirt

58 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

Mtmirs of the Rev, Mr. George
Whiccfield.

THE confiderable figure which
the late Mr. Whitcfield for
many years made in his ecclefsaf-
tical capacity, ranking his death
in the catalogue of memorable
events, acurfory memotrof his life
cannot fail of giving general fatis-
fadion ; we have therefore from
his own jiiurnal felcdtcd what we
judge neceHary for the principal
execution of the tafk, and ftiall
regulate our opinion of his general
chara^cr by the bcft accounts
we can obtain from his cotem-
poraries.

** I was born in GlouceftT,
fays Mr. Whitefield, in the month
of Decemben 1714* at the Bell
Inn, and can truly fay I was fro-
ward from my mothcr'swomb.— •
I was fo brutiih as to hate inftruc-
tion, and ufed parpofcly to (hun
all opportunities of receiving it. I
can date fomc very early afts of
uncleannefs.. Lying, filthy talk-
ing, and foolifh jcding I was much
addided to.— Sometimes 1 ufed to
curfe, if not fwear.— Stealing from
my mother I thought no theft at
all, and ufed to m:ike no fcruple
of taking money out of her pocket
before (he was up. I h^ve fre-
quently betraved my trull, and
have more than once fpent money
I took in the honf^, in buying
fruits, tartf, S:c. to fa^^fy my fen-
fual appetite. — —Numbers of fab-
baihs hiive I broken, and gene-
rally uJed 10 brhrivc m\ ffifvcry ir-
reverently in God's Ln^luirv.
Ikluch money have I Ipcr.t ;np'.iy%
and in the L-uinnon en:rrr:iii:;:i 'nis
of the age.— Cat Jb, uuJje^iditig ro-

xnancesy were my keart'i dcliglitt
Often have I joined with others ia
playing roguifli tricks, but wa

general ly» if doc always /■«//.*')
iieteSeil, For thit I have otira
fince, and do now, blefs and praiiiB
God.

It would be endlefs to recooot
the fins and oFences of my youagcr
days^— they are mote in nunbrr
than the hairs of my head.^^My
heart would fail me at the remea-
brance of them, wai I not afi'urcd
that my redeemer liveth, ever to
make interceflion for me.— How-
ever the young man in the grfpcl
might boall how he had kept the
commandments from his ycatb,
with (hame and confuficn efface
I confefs, that I have broken them
all from my youth.— ^-Whatever
fore fee n fitnefs for falvation ctbrrs
may talk of, and glory in, I diT-
claim- any fuch thing-»if I trace
myfclf from my cradle to my man*
hood, I can fee nothing in me bot
a fitnefs to be danned ; and if the
Almighty had not prevented ne
by his grace, and wrought noft
powerfully opon my foul, quick*
ening me by his free fpirii »heD
dead in trefpafles and uns, 1 had
now either been fitting in dark-
nefs, and in the ihadow of death,
or condemned, as the due reward
of my crimes, to be for ever lilting
up my eyes in torment;.

But fuch was the free grace of
God to me, thai though corru^
tion worked fo ilron^ly in my
f-'ul, and produced fuch early ani
bitter fruit?, \et I can recolivd
very early movings of the BlclTed
S| irit upon my heart, fufncient to
faii^fy me that God loved me with
an cvcrlailiii!^ love, and feparatcd

•-♦

CHARACTERS.

J9

ni from my mother*) womb,
workjn »-bich he iftcr-
ru p!«afcd lo (all me.
early fame conviflions of
d once I remember^ whf n
etfoDi (•! thry frequently
ide it their buCnrf) lo ie»Ee
immedit!ely retired to my
and, kne'ling d>>wn, uith
*ars, {irayed over that pCilm
I Divid To often jep'-s's -h'fe
Bi.t in tie name a/iht Uri
Hjir^ Item. I wjt alwa)!
r being a clergyman, ofed
itly to imitate the miniders
r pnytn, ttc. Part of the
I ^ied to Heal from my pa-
t*ve to the ponr, md Tome
(privately took fromoihert,
hich I have fince redorrd
Id) I remember were book«
It ion.

mother wai very careful of
acation, and atwayi krpt
my tender yean from intrr-
ng in the Icaft with the pub-

jl the tenth year of my age,
fed Gou lo prrmii my mo-
■ marry a fecond time. It
what the world would call
appy match, but God over-
t for gi>od. —
;d I wa* iboat twelve, I wai
at a fchool called St. Mnry
Fpt in Gloucelter, tbe lalt
ar-fchool I ever uent to.
; a good elocution and me-
I ttai remarked for making
'.t before ihe corprir.it ion at
nnu:.I vifitation. But 1 c:4n.
■I Ml any drawings of Goo
ny foul for a ytar or two,
that I laid out lome of the
thai wai given me on ouc
aforemeniioncd occrtfinrn,
ing Ken's Manu.il lor Wrr-
fcbolir<, a book that ii^d

much affefled me when my bro-
ther uf>.-d to read it in my mother*!
Iroublrj, and which, for ibme
lime nfiet I bought it. Was of great
benrhc :» my loal.

During the lime of my being at
fcbiiol, 1 wai very fond of reacinv
pljVf, and h^ive kept from fchocS
frr d.iyi irgeihcr, to prepare my-
fclfror ££ling them. My mailer
feeing Ko* mine and my fchool-
fellow^ vein run, compofrd f^ime.
thing of ihit kind f»r u& himfelf,
and catjfed m? to drefi myfetf ■•
girl'icloaihi (which I bad often
done) lo tH * part before the cor-
por^ition. Tlie remembrance of
this has often covered me with con*
fufion of face, and I hope will do
fo, even to ih« end of my lifci

Bctore I wa< fifieen, having,
at 1 though!', made a fufficient pro-
grefs in ihe claQics, an.1, at ths
bottom, longing to be fei at liber-
ty from [he confinemeot of •
fchool, I one day told my mothert
" lince her circumllances wonld
not permit her to give me an uni-
verfity education, more learniitg
I thoughc would fpoil me for •
iradefman, and therefore Ijodged
it bell not to karn Latin any long*
er." She at firll rcfufed to con-
fent ; but my corroptionsfoon got
the better of her good-nature.
Hereupon, for fome lime, I went
10 learn to wiiic only. But my
mother's circumllanCf 9 being much
on the decline, and being iraif^a-
ble that way. 1 from lime to ijmc
b'gJn toalliil her cccafionally in the
public hcafe, till at length [ puioit
my blue apron and my fnufiVrt,
wallieJ mop;, clranrd rooms, and,
word, becxme a protcti'i'd

ami en

Not«itl<ll..nuing U
ployed in a large in:

sthu.

6o

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

Ibmetimes the care of the whole
hcufe apon my hands, yet I com-
pofed two or three fermons, and
dedicated one of ihem in particular
to my elder brother. One time I
remember I was very much pref-
fed to felf-ezamination, and found
jnyfelf very unwilling to look into
xny heart.— Frequently I read the
Bible when fitting up at night.
Seeing the boys go by to fchool
)»as often cut me to the heart.
And a dear youth (now with God)
would often come intreating me»
when ferving at the bar, to go to
Oxford. My general anfwcr wasj
/ inijh I could.

After I had continued about a
year in this fertile employment,
jny mother was obliged to leave
the inn. My brother, who had
been bred up for the bu finefs, mar*
ricd, whereupon all was made
over to him; and I being accuf-
tomed to the houfe, it was judged
betl thatl ihould continue there as
an afiiftant. But it happened that
my filler-in-law and 1 could by no
means agree ; and therefore, after
continuing a long while under a
great burden of mind, I at length
lefolved (thinking my abfence
would make all things eafy) to
go away. Accordingly, by the ad-
vice of my brother, and confcnt
of my mother, I went to fee my
elder brother, then fettled at
£ritlo].

Here Goo wss plenfed to give
me great fenfible devotion, and
lill mewith fuch unfpcakable r^p-
tures, particularly once in Sr.
John^s church, that I was carried
out be\ond myfelf.— I felt great
hungrrtni^s and ihirilings after
the blcfftrd facramfltit, and wrott
many letters to my nothcr, telling
her 1 would Dcvev go inio thepub^

]ic employment again, Thocn
a Kempts was my great delight,
and I was always impatient tilltk
bell rung to call me to tread tk
courts ofthe Lord's honfe. Botii
the midft of thefe illuminatioas,
fomething fecretly whifpered, f^#
nxould not laftm,

And indeed itfo happened. For
(oh that I could write in tears of
blood!) when I left Briftol (is E
did in about two months) and re-
turned to Gloncefter, 1 cbugd
my devotion with my place. Alas!
all my fervour went off, and I had
no inclinati'on to go to chorchi
or draw nigh onto God.— How-
ever, I had fo much religion Icfi,
as to perfift in my refolaiion doc
to live «n the inn ; and therefore
my mother gave me leave, thongh
(he had but a little income, to hait
a bed upon the ground, and live it
her houfe, till Providence fliooli
point out a place for me.

Having now, as I thought, lo-
thing to do, it was a proper ieafoi
for Satan to tempt me. Machof dv
time I fprnt in reading plays, and
in fauntering from place to placr^
I was careful to adorn my bodr,
but took little pains to deck
and beautify my foul.— Evil con-
municaticns with my old fchool-
fellows foon corrupted my good
manners.- — By feeing their etil
praflices, all fenfe of religion gra-
dually wore off my mind, nod 1 it
length fell into a fecret fin, the dif-
mal effeAs of which I have felt, and
groaned under ever fince.

Having lived thus for fome coa-
fiderablc time, a young ftodent,
who was once my fchool- fellow,
and then a ferv itor of Pembroke
college, Oxford, came to pay my
mother a vifit. Amongft odier
con vcrfation, he told her how he bad

difchai£cj

CHARACTERS.

6f

irged all college expencet that
a, and received ■ pennT.

ihu my motherimnieJiitrfy
Oot, " Thii will da for my
—Then turning to me,
lid, " Will yoo Ro to 0«-

Georgef" I replied, ff'ii^
' heart.- Whereopon, hav.
he fame friend* that this
; ftodent had, my mothrr,
at delay waited on them.

promiled their intereil to
le a fervitor's place in the
college. She then spplJFtl
' old mailer, who mach ap.
d of my coming to fchool

iboot a week I went and en-
tpyfelf, and Tpared no pains
forward in my book. God
leafed to give me hii ble.Ting,

learned much rafter than J
efore. But a!) thii while I
>aed in fin : and at length
qoainied uiih fuch a fet of
EDcd, abandoned, atheilltcil
I, that if God, by his frei-,
■ited, and efpecial gr.ne, had
elivcred me out of their
, I fhou!d long fince hai'c

the fcorner't chair.^~Ry
ig company with them, my
ill of religion grew more and
ike their!. I went to pub-
rice only 10 make fport, and
abaut. I took pleafure in
ewd converfation. I began
on ai they did, £nd was in
way of being ai infamout
worft of them,
(oh nopendous lovel) Gnn
lere Hopped me, when run-
D in a full career lohell. For

1 wai apon the hrtnlc of
le gave roe fuch a diibltc of
rinciplei and prafticei, that
vcred them to my maOer.who
■ta Hop to their proccedingi.

Being thui delivered oot of the
fnare) of the devil, I began to be
more and more ferioui, and felt the
fpirit of God at different timet
working powerfully and convince,
ingly upnn my foul. One d»y ia
particubr, as I wai Coming down
iirirj, and overheard my friends
fpeaking wellof me, God fo deep,
ly convlArd meof hypocrify, ihit
thougli I had formed frequent but
ineffe^lual refolution* before, yet
I had ihen power given me nver
my fecret and darling fin. Not-
wiihftanding, fome time after be-
ing overtaken in liquor (ai I have
been twice or thrice in my life.
iim<) Satan gained hii ufual ad.
vaniageoiermeigain.— An eipe-
rimencal proof to my poor fotif,
how that wicked one makes ufc iif
intemperate men as machines to
work them up to juft what he
ple-ifes."

Thus far we have proceeded in
Mr. Whitcfield's ou'n wordi, but
tiie narrowmrfs of our limits oblig-
ing ui to praaife breiily, we fliail
nnly add, that Mr. Whiiefi.rM be-
ing adm:t:ed a ftrviior at Ovford,
very foai diainguilhed himfeU bv
the aulteiitie* ol his d.'votion, :;nj
acquiicd conliderable eminenee in
f»me religinus alTemblies nf thut
cirv ; " lying whole days and
weeks Fr.-i1rate on the ground in
f.len. or vo,-aI prayer, leaving or
the ca'ing o' fruits; chuling the
ivorft fort offood, though his place
furnifbcd him with variety ; think-
ing it unbecoming a penitent la
have his hair powdered ; wearing
woollen gloves, a patched t<nwn
and dirty (boei," to contiacl a
habit of humility.

At the age of twenty.one the'
fame of Mr. Whit-iipld i piety re-
commended him fo mur.i t'l Pr.
X Benton,

6a ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

BenfoOy the then bifhop oFGIoa-
cefter, that he made hira a volun-
tary offer of ordination, which
Mr. Whiieficld at lail thought pro-
per to accept, and iromediatciy af-
ter this regular admiflion in:o the
miniflry, applied himfelf to the
mcll extraordinarVy the oaoll inde-
fatigable duties of his chara^ler,
preaching daily in priH ns, AclJs
and open (Ireett, wherever he
th'^ueht ihcre would t.e a likeli-
hood of making profcJyies; till
having at length made liimlclf ut.i-
vcrfally know^n in Kngland, he
embarked for America, where the
tenets of Methodifm brg^n to
fpread very fall under his ificnds,
the Mr. Wcfle>s, and 6rll deter-
mined upon the inlliruiion of the
orphan-houfe at Georgia, which

lie afccrwarii? effected. At what

lime Mr. \Vhi?ef.eld marri( J, or
with whom, we are not able, nor
11 it perhaps matoTial to inform our
readers. — — SuLlvic it, ih.t after a
long couric of perrj;rina:;cn, his
fortune cncrrafcd a> b's iu:i\c ex-
tended amonj^ his followers, and
he eredlcd two very e\ ten (:vc i.ul!d-
ings for public wjuiliip, un;ier the
name of tabernacle*, one in J'or-
tenham-court ki.ad, and the
dh'-r in Mocrficld-. ; hei'*, wiih tiic
hf ip of fome afiiiUnts, h/ *rnti-
Iiucd for frvcral ^eir^, aiw-ndcd by
verv cro'jsi'd c.)ngre?aiions, ar.J
quitting the kinj*_d..i?i cniycccir:-
onally.— Am* rica, hi.wv:--, which
alw'.Vicnjr .pf?d much of his cti'.r-
tiop, was dcllincrd t«)th le his cyti ;
and he died at Ne\\bcry, a-^ut
ff.itv miles from Bf>rton in Nrw
Etigl^nd, on the 30'h of l.:ft ;S.p-
trniber. His diotocr w.is a vio.
lent ailhmi. which in a frw I ours
put a peiiod. to his life^ in the 5 v.h
ycir of his age.

Befides the two tabem:
ready iDentioDcd, Mr. \V|
by being chaplaia to the
dowager of Hontingdoo, 1
neded with two ether 1
meetings, one at fiath» .
other at Tunbridge, chiefl]
under that lady's patronag
influence among his folloi
excenfive: and To univer(
he eileemed the principal
of the Mrth:)dillt, that na
racers have bern given ia t
lie prints to this r^ed.

*' As the worth of this tru
and extraordinary perfon
deeply impreft upon the h
every friend to true, gen nil
vital chriftianity, who ha
fitrd by his unwearied labo
tie need be faid to cod vine
that their lofs i« irreparable.
hi« public minillr^iiions thn
different parts of Kufop^,
fundry vilits to Britilh A
he hath, for above 30 jeai
niilicd the world as a pro*
elo^'ience; by which be 1
abi'jd to molt the hearts of 1
obdurate and fiubborn finm

In ipite of <iCon(litoti'.>n >
ori;;inaliy delicate and ten
coniinued to th'j lall dav of
to preach with a frrquen
fv-Tvour ih it fcemed to exc
rsttural Orength of the mMt
Biding call d to the pub.ic <
01 hi^ function at an agewh
you-t;; men arc only begin
q-jalify th'-mfclvcs for i*,
not time; to ir):.ke any o
able prcgr?fs in thtr Irarn
gu:;?rs: but this dcf-rt w
ply I'lppJitd by a live!y,
r.rd p'neiraiinij genius,
n o!l unsvcaricii zc.J, auu b
CI -le and moil perfii-.five d
which ncvjr failed o! the

CHARACTERS.

63

Ml ]iii ever crowded bdiI
■udicDcci. And though
pit he often found it ne-

tbt Itrrvri aftbt Ltriu
itm, he had nothing gioo-

ntture, being fiagularly
', and tender-hearted ;
lis privft:e convcrfaiioa

;. To the very meanelt
ways eafj' of accef*, and
:ady to lilten to and re-
r bodily as their fpiritua]
, fliewinghifflfelf in every
faithful flewardof theex-
larities he drew from his
: and conipaflioaaie hear.
>ggbt alfo to be obferved,
•uftanily and mod patheti*
arced upon his audience
oral docy; particularly,
n their dilferent callings,
ience to their fuperiors ;
noH efpecial manner loy-
ir amiable fovereiga, ne-
adeavouring in ihefe dif-
nei to make a faflioui u(e
■t influence he held among
roMS adherent). He wa«
if thofe (fince IcDOwn by
of MethiJ.ff^) whoendca.
y the mol'l extraordinary
preaching in different
id even ii! the open lieldf ,
he lower clafi of the peo>
Ihelaft Jc{;Teeof inaiten-
ignorance, to a fcnfe of
among whom he haili
TiprelTion. which cannot
Ifaced.— [■"or this, and (ur
labours th« name of
A'httelicid will long be
eJ tviih efteum and venc*

ration, not only by hii perfiiDal
acquaintance, by thofe who wers
awaked by hii mlniHry, but by all
true chrifiiant of every denomtna*
tioD, nhilft vital and piaftical re.
Itgion haih a place in the Briiilh
dominion!. "

Such ii the portrait drawn of
Mr. Whitefield by the Methodias;
the enemic) of that fed however,
particularly the very learned au*
thor of rht Enthufia/m ef Mttli-
difli and Papifii campartd, are fo far
from admitting hit pretenfioni to
an extraordinary portion of fanc-
tity, that they poGiively pronounce
him amoflptolligate hypocrite; hi*
piety they attribute to avarice t h>«
zeal to pride; md hii very humi-
lity to ollentJtion. — They tell ui,
that during life hewai continually
boalling of hii poverty, yet at his
death ihcy talk of his being iin.
menfely ricb.>-Thi:i is not all, hi*
U'.e prngrcfi to America is fee
down to the grolTcft account ; an
atiachmeot t^ a wnm^n, by wixim
he had a child while his wife wa^
living; and it is even addled t.^ac
this child wai the 1:;!^ infaat ever
entered into hii orphan-houfe of
Georgia. How fir the ciiarafler
on either fide may b: >il. we d..
not by any mean) pretend to af-
firm; tlie chief particular., of l-.li
hillsry ive have cxsrafleU from his

64 ANNUAL REGISTER* 177

NATURAL HISTOB

A^ ixiraordinary Cafe of thru Pins
fiuallotued by a Girip and dif^
charged at her Jhouldtr* In a Let-
ter to Frank Nicholls, Af. />.
F. R. S. from Dr. Lyfoos, 0/
Gloucefler.

To Charles Morton, M.D;
Sec. R.S.

[Read January 26, 1769.]

Epfom,
Nov. 25, 1768.
Dear Sirj

INCLOSED Ifend you a mod
extraordinary cafe, which is
tranfmicted to me by Dr. Lyfons,
a gentleman of ereat learning and
credit, and phyfician to the Gloa-
cefter hofpital. It feems to be ex-
adlly drawn, and the do6lor's ve-
racity may be depended on. I
think it well worth preferving in
the Memoirs of the Society ; and
believe that the Council will have
the faine opinion of it as, ^

Sir,

Your vtxy humble fervant,

Fran. Nicholls,

Sir,

UPON my mentioning the
cafe of a girl who fwallowcd
three pint, which were afterwards
difcharged at her Hiouldcr, you
thought it might be proper for the

Philofophical Tranfad
defired me to fend it yo
drawn it from notes ul
my attendance upoo h<
much accuracy as poffi
is as follows.

Eleanor Kaylock, a ro
girl, aged twenty-two,
mitted a patient in the
infirmary, May 29, i«
pain in her fide proce<
pins fwallowed three qu
year before. The ocCai
accident was thus. Beii
ed in the bufinefs of a k
Aie was fcumming the
mouth being open and
in it) fhe received a q
the vapours, which obli
fwallow, and the pins 1
time pafled into the
where ihey remained
weeks, liotwithftandinj
methods were ufed for
moval ; but they were
ced down by the whaleb
meot ufed by fiirgeoni
purpofe,

Whilft the pins we
throat, th^ parts becam<
and fwoln, which oca
hoarfenefs, attended v
pain, and difficulty of I
being alfo capable of
but very little nourifhc
that only liquids, ihe w
to fo weak a Aate as not
to get out of her bed«

NATURAL HISTORY.

tn nmovtA Ac cooM fwal.
idi, ind recoTcred Itrcng'.h
at to go out again to ler-
I her former emplnymeni.
I hired 31 an under-fervant
DiIemaD't kitchen, boc wat
bilged to Quit her place,
■ply for relief, any extra-
jF motion aggr»»aiing her
ini5, and occaGoning vio-
mvulliont, from which Ihe
t recover for eight or nine
When flic came lO ihr in.
', Ihe appeared full of flelh,
ndAf complexion, and in
health, excepting the fol-

bad I pain in her right fide,
:he f;.]fe riht, which Ihe Grft
nediate]^ npon the remoral

pint from the etfophagui,

continued to the time of
raiffion at the horpital, bat
it violent when Die moved
mk of her body forward*
toward) the left, or lifted

right arm. At her admif-
ad from the time of the re-
af the piai, the hoirfenefs
■ irodbled with foon after
It firll ituck in her chroar,
led) Ihe often fpic upbltod,
la violent cough, by which,
1 a* by labour, or any ex-
moiion, thr pain in her fide
{rraily ag^ravjird, Ihe wa«
I to &i or f^ll down imme-
, acd could not recover

lb as to be able to Aand,

than an hoar. In thefe

fni (be had always a pain

bead, wai Gclc at ftomadi,
-quenily brought op blood.
Ill ftie was in the iniirmar]',
lence of the pain three liniei
ned convnlfioD-fiti, by which
ftMlm TtQnt Juftrivr of the
ye wai fo vtolcRiIy affcAcd,

.XIU.

that, DoiinthlUndiDt the e^e <i»Bf
open, yet the pupil wat emirely
covered by theeye.lid ; and, after
one of thefe £ti, coniinntd fo for
a fortnight. The left eye vai alfo
inverted in the fame manner, bat
the conllriflion wa* removed in tf
week. When thefe fpafmodic af-
feaioni left her, Ihe did not re-
cover her eye-fight for Ibm* days;
the optic nerve being probably op-
prelTed; but the left eye always
recovered footier than the right^
being never lo Drcngly conviiHed^
None of the other mufclei appear-
ed to be afleOed, eioept in the
paroxyfmi.

While the pioi wefe in the ufi-
fhngmt, the furgeon wat utterly «
a lofi where to direCt hit ioftrn..'
menti, ai there wai no certaiA Ja-
dicaiioa where the pint were
lodged. And the phyficiari'a prac-
tice could be only palliative, nf-
ing bleeding, with anodyne and
lubricatioff medicinei, according
as the vanout fymptomi occafion-
ally required. la thii manner
thingi went on to the beginning
of AuguS, Vkhen a fmall painful
tumour, the Gz«of a man's ,humb,
appeared npon the right fhanlder^
which difappeared in the compafi
of a week without coming to fup-
puration. Afterwards fuch ano-
ther fmall tumour appeared upoa
Ihe left Oioulder, which increatcd^
and, by the cire of Mr. Cramp,
the attending furgeon, wu brought
to fuppnration, ^ttd opened by
him. Augufl ao, when a large
table fpoooful of matter waa dif-
c barged. Upon temoviDK the
drcffings, Ihe next day, a larger
quantity of matter flowed oot, ana
with it ilTued one of the pint.
Mr. Cramp then examined witH
bit probe if he cooU ind cither

66 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

of the others, bat could not : how. parU were ever woonded ; \

ever, the day following, the other the pins, being forced dfoi

two pins were aKo difchirged at the fubflance of the oefophtg

fame wound. Thefe pint were all the mufclei of the nci

of the fame length, each ineafuring (hoolder, pifled thence to i

five quarters of an inch. The whence they were difcharg

wound at which thefe pins were The firft fymptom 06

difc harmed was upon .the fuperior upon the reoioval of the

part of the fcapula. After the from the paflage of the at

girl had received her cure, and was, that the patient imm

was difcharged from the infirmary felt a pain in her right fidi

(which happened September the the falfe ribs, which was n

fourth), I compared her (boulder lent when (he turned the 1

with Cowper*s Anatomical Tables her body forwards rosnd

on the Mufcles; and, as near as I the left, or lifted op herri|

can guefs, the wound was upon Now if the pins, being fo

the flefhy belly of the trapefius. of the cefophagns, penetn

And yet rhe pain in the patient's ferrati, rhomboides, and 1

fide attended her as long as the mufcles on the right fit

pins remained in the wound, but fymptom muft neceflhrtly

left her foon after they were dif. For the ferrati beine ranKi

charged, as did alfo her cough, fpiration, and the Mrratns

and fpitting of blood. Being pollicas, atuchcrd Co the

obliged to lead a fedentary life, in third, fbnrth, fifth, and fi]

the infirmary, and to keep berfelf and the ferratns inferior

as quiet as pofiible, her catamenia being attached 10 the tei

left her; but her fpitting of blood venth, and the extremitj

could not be attrib'i'^ed to that de- twelfth ribi» a paio in the

fv-£t, becaufe (he was very regular be produced by the conftai

before her admiffion, and yet (he of refpiration. And the

had fpit blood from the time the thefe mufcles being lo eli

pins were removed from the oefo- ribs, and draw down the

ph^tgus, which was fome months pain in the fide will be b

before (he came to the infirmary. ply felt wheoever the rigk

It would be matter of confider- lifted up ; becai»fe then a

able fatisfaflion, could the cxafl mities of thefe nuBfcles,

courfe He afcertained which was to the ribs, will be not ten

taken b, thf fc pins, in their paf* although a wonnd may be

fige from rhe oefophagus to their amofciein its moil fleihy

exirar ihc le^r (hou!der. from the the irritation occafioned b

cou^-h ar f Ipitting of blood one exert iifelf moft forcibly

ihould fuppoic (hat the lur.gv v^ere part where there is the

injured by them. From ihn pain icnfion.

under the (al!e ribs -t okiv be The rhomboides mofc

imacin^d t'ar chc dir'^hrp:* ti was open the ferrat us fuperior

aFr^ted. And yet from r^cir '.)cing trapeii-js being incumbent

diioh-ir^ed ..c :he HiO^'ricr it may and all clofely conneQed

be prcfumcd, that neither of thefe ccUblar membrane^ they

'SAttJRAL HISTORY.

M degree tSt&td bj re-
But the office of the
:ci lod trapeGui nnfcles
Imrthe irm downward),
iwardj, the pun in the
Id be iocreafed whenever
: am and tronlc of ihe
e tamed forwards toward)
de.

thai, ai we may foppore,
tt ibe true ciufe of the
be fide, the cough comti
ler confi deration. And
I be foond to proceed
fame caufethat the cough
nrciic perfon does, oaiy
I diference, that in one
a and intercollal murdei
led by an internal inHam-
bjr which refpiration i)
; ifl the other, the malady
n irriiatioa caafed by an
I) body. The tWcQs are
in both J refpiration being

elf by a cough, which in-
ic irritation and iaBam-
tf the part) obftru&ed ;
in increafe the violence of
I; aad thai, each being
:d by the other, the lung)
foviolenily agitated, that
veflel borft), ind thence
ibrown up from the lungs,
ic cafe in the prefent in-

tr coofiden the commo-
beiween the third pair of
lie intercoftal, the cardiac,
recorrent), together with
r nervet Jepradent upon
H eafily perceive the caufe
rfeot Ipafni upon the eyei,
tth at flomach, and the
convolfion, a) being all

depcndcDt apon the ir.
given to the inlercoflal

At right fide. And it

may be obferved, that althongh
both the motorei oculomm were
afiefted, yet theHghteye waa con-
Tulfedmofl violently.

From the fymptomi attending
thi* tincommon cafe, it ii tea-
fonable to conclude, that the tikree
pin) were all of them at the fame
time forced from the cefophagna
into the ferraii mufclM on the right
fide, which immediately commn-
nicated an irritation or impulfe,
to the intercoftal nerve, from
whence arofe the pain in the fide,
and thence the ficknef) at fiomach,
and coovulGoTis of the eyes and
other part). But whatever canfed
the pain in the right fide, upon
the removal of the p!n* from the
cefaphagD)! that caufe continued
to a£l until all the three pin) were
difcharged at the left Ihonlder, for
fo long did the pain in the right
fide coniinnc.

The thicknefi of the two ferrati,
the rhomboides, and trapefiai maf-
ctc) may be thoj^hc too great for
pins G«e quarters of an inch long
to peoerate all of them at the fame
time. But if it be obferved, that
one of the pini was difcharged at
a time when neither of the two
other) could be felt with the probe,
it may be fappofed, that one of
the three paJed into the rhomboi'
de), and trapefiiu, whiltl ihe two
others remained in the fsrrati, and
there continued until the firft was
dticharged at the trapefias; after
which they took the tame coarfe,
and were difchaiged at the fame
oailet.

Thus might we give a very pro-
bable account of thti eatiaordinary
cafe. h«d (he pin) been difcharged
at the right fltootder, bnt they
were difcharged at the left, Bf
thofe who think ibai, the nervei

F X coo-

yoa think it merits the s
of the carioof, as corro
the other, your recomin
of it to the Royal Society
eflcemed ao honoar to,

SIR,.

Your noft obli|

bumble ft

GloQcefter,
Sept. It 1768* D. L

68 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

cemmuDicating with ooe another,
the caufe and efPeft produced may
be on oppofite fides of the body,
it may be faid, that the pins might
be forced from the wfophapus into
the mufclcs of the left fide, nou
withftanding the pain was felt ia
the right. This will not be gene,
rally sdlov^ed. Neither can I per-
ceive any reafon why a tumour ex*-
adly refembling that from whence
the pins were afierwards difcharged
at the left fhoulde^ (hoold arife
upon the right, and difperfe with-
out coming to fuppuration.

Since I drew out the above ac*
count, I have feen a cafe nearly
fimilar to it, recorded in the Phi-
lofophical Tranfadlions, N®. a.6i«
A fmall needle being lodged m a
woman's left arm, about fix inches
below the ihoulder, paflfed thence
to her right bread, whence it was
cxtraAed many months after it firft
entered the body. About a month
after the accident,' (he felt a pain
above the place where the needle
run in, which extended up her
ihoulder. It laded there three or
four days, and then returned by
£ts. Aboat feventeen weeks be.
fore the needle was extraded, fhe
felt a pain at her domach, was
fick, and had reachings to vomit.
Thefe fy mptoms continued toaffllA
her (efpecialiy in the morning),
until within two days of the neecile
being cx'raded, at which time fhe
thought a pin had got into her
right brrail. This dircdled the
furgeon to make an opening there,
and he ex'radcd the fame needle
that had enteri-d ac her arm from
the part where t^e pricking pain
wi<; after wn:ch Hi? had never any
retu'ii of pain in her b.eall, llo.
ma^-ii, ?'i«'i ..' ..T, or arn.

l!.

1 1 n •
M .•■ ■• *i

<w Uii:

caf'.

ji Lttier from tbi H§m§Mrg
liam Hamilton, his .
Efruty Esctrmordinofy at
f Matthew Maty, M. D,
containing f§mi fartbirf*
on Mount Vefuvias, tndi
canos in tbt Nii^bbonrbom

[ReaJ, Feb. 2, 17^^

Til la Angelica, M
Vduviui, Oa. 4

S I R.

I Have but vtry lately
your lalt obliging letti
5th of July, with the xi
Philofophical TranfaAion
I mud beg of you to ex
fatisf:.£lion at the notice t
Society have been plea(e<i
of my accocntt of the
eruptions of Mount ^
Since I have been at my v
J have enquired of the in
of the mountain after n
had feen during the laft
In my letter 10 Lord IW
mentioned nothing but w
inimediafcly under my 01
v.:tion : but as all the pf.ii
apree in their acCv-oTi -r"
bl ' t'un''e«" «■■ '1 '' '"ir. I

.■to. h«vsl| ■• •■ *«•■ «al^^« ■

NATURAL HISTORY. 6}

ft ciKmnAuce worih at- my villa, which ii, ai joa know,

k Befidei the lightning, at the foot of Vcrmiui, and clofa

FeAly rcfembied the com- by ibe fea-ride. At z$ feet below

ii UghioiDg, there were the le*el of the Tea they came ta

«orif like what are vuU a ftratum o/lavi, and God knowa

sd foiling ftafi. A pea- bow much deeper they might hare

ny neigbbonrbood, loft ftill found other lavas. The foil

■ by the aOici falltag into all round the aionotaiD, which ie

k with their food; they' fo fertile, conlilta of firatas of

dy, and died in a few lavai, alhei, pamice, and now-

'he laft day of the crop- aod-then a thin ttratum of good

alhet, which fell abjn- earth, which good earth ii pro-

Mi the mooDtain, wcie ai dnced by the lurface moatdering,

oft ai fnow ; and the old and the lotting of root) and planti,

-e affure me, that ii a fure vinei, &c Thi> U plainly to be

of the eruption being at feen at Pompeii, where they are

Tltefe circiimftancet, be. now digging into the ruin* of that

Utefled, I thought worth aacient city; the houfes are co>
vercd, abogt ten or fifteen feet*

■Id reqaire many yean with pamieeand fragmentioflava,

tcation, to give a proper fome of which weigh three poanda

pbilofophical account of (which left circamltaoce I mention

tot in the neighbourhood to Ihew, that, in a grear eruption,

I ; bnt I am fure fueh a Vefuviui hai thrown ftonet of tbia

ight be given, fupported weight fix miles, which ii iu di»

ftmiion, as would denroy fiance from Pooipeil, in a direft

em hitherio civen upon line); upon this firatnm of pumice

3. Wc havelere an op- or rapilli, ai they call them here,

of feeing vokanoi in all is a firatam of excellent mould,

t. I have been this fam- about two feet thick, on which

be iflaod of Ifchia ; it is grow large trees, and excellent

jbteen miles round, and grapes. We have then the Solfa-

bifii is lava. The great terra, which «ai certainly a rol-

in it, near ai high as cano, and has ceafed emptying, for

formerly called Fpo- wini of metallic panicle), and

i now San Nicolo, lam over-abounding with fulphur. Yon

wa) [hro«h up by de. mav trace i[> lavas into the (ea.

d I have no doubt in my Wc have the Lago d' Averno and

I, but that the IQand iifelf the Lago d'Agnano, both of which

of the Tea in the fame were tornterly volcano*; and A-

s fome of the Azores. I ftroni, which (Kll retains it) fbrna

; fame opinion with re- more than any of ihcfe. lu crater

rfoont Vefuviui, and all ii walled round, and his Sicilian

groonds near Njplc); x) Majeily takes ihcdiverRon of boar-

Ot yet feen, in any one hunting in this volcano; and aei*

lat can be called virgin ther hi) Majeily. or any one of his

had the pleafure of feeing court, ever dreamed of its former

ik, a few day ago, near ftatc. We have fcen that carious
F 3 moaw

70' ANNUAL REGISTER, i77flk

nooaUiD* called Mootagno Nao«
vOy near Pozzole, which rofe* ia
one nieht, out of the Lacrine Lake ;
it is about 150 feet high and three
miles round. I do not think it
more extraordinary, that Mount
Vefuvius, in many ages, (hould rife
above 2000 feet ; when this moun-
tain, as is well attefted, rofe in
one night, no longer ago than the
year 1538. I have a projeA, next
Ipring, of paffine fome days at
Puzzole, and of difTedling this
mountain, taking its mcafures,
and making drawings of its ilrata^ ;
for, I perctrive, it is compofed of
ilratas, like Mount Vefuvius, but
without lavas. As this mountain
is fo undoubtedly formed entirely
from a plain, I ihould think my
projedl may give light into ihe
formation of many other moun-
tains, that are at prefent thought
to have been original, and are cer-
tainly not fo, if their ftrata corre-
fpond with thofe of the Montagno
Nuovo. I Oiould be glad to know
whether you think this project of
mine will be ofcful ; and, if you
do, the refult of my obfervacions
may be the fubje^ of smother
letter.

I cannot have a greater pleafure
than to employ my leifure hours in
what may be of fome little ufe to
mankind ; and my lot has carried
me into a country, which affords
an ample field for obfervation.
Upon the whole, if I was to efta-
blifli a fyftem, it would be, that
mountaint an produad by voicoMOS,
mnd Hoi 'uolcauus hj mountains,

1 fear 1 have tired y^u : but the
fubjeft of volcanos is fo favourite
a one with me, that it has led me
on 1 know not how : I fhal| only
add, that Vefuvius is quiet at pre*
fentf tho* fcry hot ai top, where

there ia a depofitimi of boilifl,

phnr. The lava that ma 11

Fofla Grande during the laft

tion, and is at ieaft 200 feet 1

is not yet cool ; a ftick, pat

its crevices, takes fire immedi

On the fides of the crevici

fine chryftallinefalus at tk<

the pare (alts, which exhale

the lava that has no comnii

tion with the interior of the i

taio, they may perhapa iadici

compofition of the lava. I

done. . Let me only thank yi

the kind offers and exprefic

your letter, and for the car

have had in fetting off my p

to the Mufeum to the bell a

tage; of which I have bea

from many quarters.

I am,
S I a,
Yoar moft obedieafl
humble fervaa
W.Hamii

Extras of a Litter ffm J
Gooch, Smrgiou, if Shott
mar Norwich, /• Mr. \
Warner, F. R. S. and i
to Guy'/ Ho/pital, Commu
to the Royal Society hy Mr, W
November 16, 1769.

[Read Not. 16,1769]

Shotiil
Sept. 9j

Di AR Sir,

ACCORDING to 70
^rt, and my promife,
fcnt you the wonderful ca
glove, which I Ihevbed you
I had the pleafure of your co
here. The hiilory of the
which,! believe, has no pre<
19 taken from the geoUeman

r

NATURAL HISTORY.

7«

of it ra me ID writing,
wujing hi) feafti and
d by til. Swallow, a fitr-
:haraAcr kt Wactoo, whofe
low, wu under yoar tui-
Ir. Swallow attended ihc
inanjr time* in the feven
rodnced tbefc ftraage ph«-
, wiib whom I took an op-
j of having a piriicular
lioB relatiire to ibi) matter,
igbt be able to (peak with
E aatbenticiiy. Mr. SwaK
■ow one of thefeglovei in
cfioa, Utc^ntleman him-
I another, and (rveral he
U to ibe curiam : yet fome
u to fceptical a* to donbt
ttt of fi^fi DpoQ Tach evi-
■d lathority. I wiOi y^u
[tt n accurate drawing of
rc; and I fhall be glad to
at your leifure, the fenti-
if the learned, not forget.
lar own, upon thii extra-
t cafe.

m, DiAK SiK,
Ifourfincerefiieod,
u well at obliged
humble fecvint,
B. GoocH.

of the Caib relating to

CvTICUlAt GlOVI.

Villiam Wright, of Saham
nj in the egunty of Nor-
ttorney at law, about fifty

age, rather of a weak and
iltituiioa from his youth,
: fciied about ten years ago
ic followiug lingular kind
. Thephyfical gentlemen
different limei conlLiUrd,

al'if* » knuw what n^me
-after lo didinguilh it bv.
eiurned many timet (i nee:
ict twice in a year, attead<:d

with the fame fymptorai and cir.
cumllancet; but not to fo great a
degree lince the year 1764 j» be-
fore j and it has been generally
obferved to come on u pon abllrufl.
ed peifpiration, in confequeoce of
catching cold, to which he it very
fubjeft.

Befidei the common febrilefymp-
tomi upon the invaGun of chit difa
eafc, Ms Ikin itches univerfally.
more erpecially at the j.ints ; and
the itching ii followed by many
little red fpoti, with a fmill drgree
of fwelliag : (00a after hit fingers
become very fiiff, h^rd, and pain-
ful at their end), and at the rooti
of his nails. In 24 bouri, or
thereabouts, the cuticle brgtoi to
feparate from the cucii, and, in
ten or twelve days, this reparation
ii general from head to foot; when
he has many times turned the cu-
ticle off from the wrilb to the fin-
gers endi, completely like gloves;
■nd in the fame manner alfo to the
ends of hi) toei : after which hia
nails fhoat gradually from their
rooti, at firft attended with exqui-
Jite pain, which abates ai the fe-
paraiion of the cuticle advances ;
and the naili are generally thrown
off by new oues in about fix
months.

The cuticle tifes in the palms of
bis hands, and fotes of hii feet,
refembling blitten, but has no fluid
under it; and when it comes off,
it leaves the fubjaceni (kin very
fenTibleforafewdayi. SomE-times,
upon catching cold, before he h^a ,
been quite free from teverifti fymp-
tnms, he has hdd 4 lecond fepa.
ration of the cuticle from the
cutii, but then it is lo thin at to
Bpp'-ar only like fcurf, which de-
nior.Untci the ^uick renewal of
this pnri.

¥ 4 0/

ya ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

Of the Jiffennt ^antities of Rain,
nvbich appear i§ fall, at different
Heights, ewer t£e fame Spot of
Cround. By William Mthtx^tn^
M.D.F.R.S.

[ lUtd December 7, 1769. ]

ACopiparifon hi^^og been made
between the auancicy of rain,
llvJiich fell ip two places in Lon-
don| about a mile dillant from one
another, ft wa9 fcmnd, that the
rain in one of them conftantly ex-
ceeded that in the other, not onlj
every month, but almoil every
time that it rained. The appa-
ratus ufed in each of them was
very cxaA, both being made by
]the fame artift ; and upon examin-
ing every probable caufe, (his un-
expeded variation did not appear
jto be owing to any mifUke, but
to the conftant efFed of fome cir-
cum(lance» which not being fup.
pofed to be nf any moment, had
never been attended to. The rain-
gaze in one of thefe places was
lixed fo high as to rife above all
the neiglibpuring chimnirs; the
other was coofiderably belc>v them ;
^nd (here appeared reafon to be-
lieve, that the difference of the
quantity of ram in thefe two places
was cwi:-.g to this difference in the
placing of the vc/Fel in which it
was received. A funnel was there-
fore placed above the iiighellchir
i)ie^, and another upon the ground
pf the garden belunging 10 the

fame houfe, and there was feaod
the fame difference betuecn tbefi
two, though placed fb near one
another, which there had been be*
tween them, when placed at fimi-
lar heighu in diifaenc pans of
the town.. After chit fiA was faf.
ficiently afcertaincd, it waa thoagbc
proper to try, whether the differ-
ence would be greater at a mock
greater height ; and a rain.gage
was therefore placed open tlic
fquare part of the roof of Weft-
minfter Abbey, being at foch a
di dance from the wetter n towers,
as probably to be very little afiiefted
by them, and being much higher
than any other neighbouring build*
ings. Here the quantity of raia
was obferved for a twelvemonth,
the rain being meafured at the ead
of every month, and care heing
taken that none fliouM evaporate,
by paffing a very Long tube of the
funnel into a bottle through a cork,
to which it was exa&ly fitted. The
tube went down very near to the
bottom of the bottle, and there-
fore the rain, which fell into it,
would foon rile above the end oJF j
the tube, (6 that the water was ao
where open to the air except ftr
the fmali fpace of the srea of tba
tube : itnd by trial it was fouadf
that there was no fenfible evapo-
ration through the tube thus itied
up.

The following table will fhe#
the refoU of thele obicrvations.

ttO»

NATURAL HISTORY.
Jfllj the 71I1,

73

1766. to }aiy the 7th, 1767, there Ml into a
ruD-gage fixed

a the7thofjDly to theend

AugDfl

September
Oclobei-
November
December

Febru try
March
April
May
Jooe
K the iSot J0I7 to the 7th

It table !t appean, that
Sell below the top of ■ houfe
a fifth part more rain, than
fell ie the Tame fpace abiive

Lof the fame houfe, and
e hll upoD Weaoinfter
' not msch above one-half
It wat fonnd to fall in the
[pace below the top* of the
. Thit experiment hai been
td ID Other places with the
eveot. Whit may be the
>f thit extraordinary dtlter>
lat not yet beeti dlfcoveied ;
Diay be afeful 10 give notice
a otder to prevent that er-
hich would frequently be
tted in comparing the rain
placet without atieoding to
rcomftaace.
probable, that Ibme hitherto

M™ the tep

Upoe the top

or 1 hoof..

of a hour*.

idch.

iach.

3.S91

3."o

o;sj8

0.479

0,411

a.364

l.^,

1,079

0,1142

1.6i2

..=s»

2,071

'.4S!

«.86+

■•Wt

1,807

i.3°J

'■437

l.iij

a.43»

1.74!

'•977

0,39;

0,309

32,6oS

I8,1J9

,"■'■■

[o,sot
1,41s
o,63»
0.994
1.03s
■.33S

<>.99t
...4.

11,099

UDhnown property of eledricity U
concerned in thit phznooienon*
Thii power hai undoubieilly a
great QiaLrc in the defcetit of r^in,
which hardly ever happeni, if the
air and elrarical ap^traiu) be fuffi.
ciently dry, without m^nifrft figa*
of eledricity io the air. Hence it
ii, Tbac in Lima, where there ii so
rain, ihey never have any light-
ning or ihunJer*] and that, ai
M. rournefort wai afTureH, it ne-
ver rain* in the Levant buiin win-
ter, and that thii i> the only fi-a-
frn ir. which any ihunder i> heard|.
If thii appearance therefore could
be accounted for, it would proba-
bly h:.lp u) to fame mnr> faiitfac*
icty taufi"» of the fufpenlion of
the clondi, and of (he defcent of

! the EngliOi 1

t de Ulloa to South Amerin,

>y^ da Levant, let. X. p. 419.

of the vovige of Don George Juan and Don
vol. n> book ■• (hap. (. p. £9 and 79.

l;^rim

74 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

Expertmtnts to fron)t that the Lumi^

n$ujnt/s of the Sea arifes from the

FtitrefaQion of its animal Suh-

Jiances, By John Canton, M* A,

andF. R. S.

[Read Dec. 21, 1769.]

I Shalt not enter into the confi-
deration of the feveral opinions
of philofophers concerning the lu-
minous appearance of the fea« as
not one of theni« that I know of,
has been well fupportcd ; but I
ihall immediately relate a few ex-
perimentty which any perfon may
very eafily make, and which, I
think, will be allowed to point
out the true caufe of that appear,
ance, when compared wiih the de-
fcriptions given of it, by thofe who
have accurately obferved it.
Experiment I.
Into a gallon of fea-water in a
pan about 14 inchfs in diameter, I
put a fmall frefti whiting, June 14,
1768, in the evening; and took
notice that neither the whiting,
nor the water when agitated, gave
any light. A Fahrenhej^t's ther.
jnomeier in the cellar, where the
pan was placed, llood at 54 de-
grees. The 15th, at night, that
part of the filh which was even
with the furface o. the water was
luminous, but the water itfclf was
dark. I drew the end of a ilick
through the water, from one Hde
of the pan to the other, and the
water appeared luminous behind
the Hick all the way, but gave
li^ht only where it was diilurbed.
When all the water was ftirred,
the whole became luminous, and
•appeared like milk ; giving a con-
liderablc degree of light to the
liiies of the pan that contained it ;
and continued to do fo fur fome

time after it was at reft. The wa-
ter was moft Inmiaoas when the
fiHi had been in it aboat 28 hodrs,
but would not give any light by
being ftirred, after it had been in
it three days,

ExpiaiiiBNT II.
I pot a gallon of frefli water into
one pan, and a galloa of fea-water
into another, and alfo into each
pan a freih herring of abonc three
ounces. The next night the whole
furface of the fea-water was lumi-
nous without being ftiried, bat
much more fo when put in mo-
tion ; and the upper part of the
herring, which lay confiderably be-
low the furface of the water «raf
very bright. The freOi water ftti
quite dark, as was alfo the i(h
that was in it. There were feveral
very bright luminous fpott on dif-
ferent parts of the furface of the
fea-water; and the whole, wbu
viewed by the light of a caodle»
feemed covered with a greafy fcaa.
The third night, the light of the
fea-water while at reft was very
little, if at all, left than before |
and when ftirred, its light was to
great, as to difcover the time byi
watch > and the fifti in it appeared
as a dark fubilance. After thiii
its light was evidently decreafiog*
but was not quite gone before thB
feventh nighr. The frefli witer.
and fifh in it, were perfectly dark
during the whole time. The ther-
mometer was generally above 6oi
Experiment III.
Into a gallon of frefli water I
ut common or fea-falt, till 1 found
y an hydrometer it was of the
fame Ipecihc gravity with the fea-
water. In another gallon of freih
water I diflfolved two pounds ef
fait, and into each of thefe waters
I put a fmall frefli hcrriog« The

oc4

I

NATURAL HISTORY.

7!

»ing the whole furrice of
ficiJ fea-waier w*s Iiudi-
lihont being llirrcd, but
ich more light whrn ic v, ai
d. It ippcared exafll]' likr
hi-wUT in cb« preceJir.g
em, and iis light Ulied
he fame time, and went oit
ame inaDDer*. The oiittt
«hich was almoft as file as
he made, never gave any
The herring, w^ieh wai
at of it the feventh night,
bed from its fait, wai found
i fweet i but [hr oihiT her-
as vi.'ry fofc and putrid ;
lore fo thaa thai which had
pt as long in the fr:fli wa-
tbe taft experiment. Tf a
, in warm ueaiher, be put
1 galloni of artificial (a-
Dftead of one, the water
I become luminooi, bat in
ill not be To lirong,
. The artificial Tea-water
' made wiibuut the ufe of
-oraeter, by the jroporiion
oancrt avoirdapois of fait,
I pinti of water, wine mea-

I the fecood and third ex-
tu it is evident, that the
y of fall contained in fca-
lafieni putrefaction ; as the
I had been kept in water of
rgree of fattncA was found
luch more putrid than thai
lad been kept the fjmc time
water. This unexpefted
J of fra-falt was difcnvered
John Pnngle, in the year
and publilhed in th^ 46ih
of the Philofophicat Tianf-
, with many very curious

and ufeful experiroentt on Tub-
fiances refilling putrefaftion , bnc
the ^reaiell qaaniity of fill there
mentioned, is left than what it
found in fea-water; it is proba-,
bte, therefore, that if the fea were
lefs fait, it would be more Jumi*
nous. And here it'may be worth
rrmarki Tig, that, though thegreaieS
fumtner heat is well known to pro-
Tiiiite putrcfai.1ion, yet so degrees
more ihan that of ihe human Uooil
fccm to hinder ii : for, putting a
vrry fmall piece of a luminous fifll
into a thin gUft ball. 1 fjund that
water of the heat of i i3 degrees
would dellroy its lumiriournefs in
Irfi than half a mitiuie ; which,
on taking it out of rhe water, it
would begin to recover in abauC
ten feconds, but wai never after
fo bright ai before.

1 ftiall now only add to thefe ex-
periments the molt circumltAntial
accounts I can find of the fea's lu~
minou 3 appearance The Honour,
able Robert Btyle, in the third
volume and ^jlt page, of Doctor
Birch's edition of his works, fayt,
I remember how many

queltio

I I hnv

a Iked na^'

;e\-

tois about the luminoulnefi of

thefca; and how in lome places

the fea is wont to ihine in the

night as far as the eye can

reach; atocher times and places.

o; \ when the wave! iia(hag»inft

the vrlTel, or the oar* Ihike and

c'cavt: ihe water ; bow fomc feji

' fbioe of en, and ethers have Dol

' beenobferveJ to Ihinei bow iti

fome places the fea has been

' taken notice of to Ihine when

fuch and fuch winds blow.

eral river-filh, as tlio bkak, tlie ducc, the
e kept ID artificial l»-wrci lu puirrfy, wii....
■uld percuve i but a piece uf a carp made the
he outfidc, or fcaly part uf it, dij uot Ihiae at all.

cirp, the tfr.cli, anil tlie
hjui pioducin;; any li^l.t

rh. «...~. yjj.y luminous,
" whereat

76

ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

" whereas in other Teas the obfer-
*■ vation holds not ; and in the
** fame trad of fea, within a nar-
" row compafs, one part of the
** water will be luminous, whild
•• the other fhinet not at all: when
** I faVf I remember how many of
*' thefe old phaenomen.^), belong-
'* ing to thole great maHes of li«
'* quor^ I have been told of by
•• wcry credible eye-witneffcf, lam
** tempted to fufpe^l, that feme
*' cofmica) law or cuilom of the
•« terreflrial globe, or, at Icaft, of
•• the planetary voricif, may have
•* aconficer-'.ble agency in the pro-
•« duftion of ihtfc ciTi-eisJ'

Father Bourses hasgivep a flill
more particular account of the lo-
winous appearance of the feas
part of which I have cxtradled from
the third edition of Jones's Abridg-
ment of the Philofopliltal Trauf-
attions. Vol. V. Part ii. p. 213,
•• When the (hip ran apace, we
*• often obfervcd a great light in
*' the wake of the Hiip, or the
" water that is broken and divided
•* by the (hip in iti pa(rjge. This
** light was not «lwjy$ equal ;
•' fome days it was very little,
** others not at al! ; fometimcs
•* brighter, others faintrr ; fome-
** limes it was very vivid, and at
*^ other tiroes nothing wns to be
•' fecn. As to its brightP'.", I
•' could ea(i!y read by it, ihv ugh
** I was nine or ten feet above it
•' from the fuifice cf the water;
*' SLi I did particularly on the lath
*• of June, and the icih of Jjly,
*• 1704. But I cnuld re;id only
<^ the title of my buck, which was
*' in large letters. As to the ex-
•* tent of this light, fometimcs
<* all the wake appeared luminous
*• to thirty or fifty Icct diflant
** Iroui the Hiip ; but the light

" waft very faint at any conCder-
" Lbls diftznce. Some days one
" mi;^ht eafily diftingirilh in the
" wake fuch particles as were In-
" mi nous from thofe that were not:
" at other tiroes there was 00 difp
'^ ference. The wake Teemed theo
" like a river of milk, and vu
'< very pleaOinc to look on. At
'* fuch timet as we could diftio-
** guiih the bright paru from the
*' others, wc obferved that they
*• were not all of the fame £garr.
** S(>me of th'm appeared like
" points of light ; others aliDoft
** .16 large as liars, as they ap-
*' j^eared to the naked eye. We
*■ law fome that looked like glo-
** biiles of a line or two in dia-
" mf tor ; and oihers lik« globes
*' as big as one^s head. Jt u not
** always that this light appears,
" though the fca je in gre;it no-
** tion ; nor does it »lwit\s happca
<* when the (hips fails faucftinci*
*< ther is it the fimple beating of
*^ the waves againll one anotBCTy
'* that produces this brigbtoefS|U
■' far as 1 could perceive. Bat I
** have obferved, that the beadag
" of the waves againft the fliore
** has fometimcs produced it ii
" great plenty; and ootkecoift
■' of Brazil the (bore was one
" night fo very bright^ that it ap-
" peared as if it had bceo all oi
•' (ire.

'* The prcduAion of this light
*' dependb very much oa the qu>
" lity of the water : and, if lam
** not deceived, generally fpeak-
" ing, I may alTert, other circaoi-
" (lances being equal, that the
*' light is larged when the water
** is fatted, and fulleft of foam«
*' for, in the main fea the water
*' is not every where equally pure;
** and fome limes if one dips linca

'■ iato

NATURAL HISTORY.

77

^' into the fea^ it is clammy when

** it is drawn op again. And I

•• have often obfcrved, that when

" the wake of the (hip was bright-

'*' eft, the water was more far and

" glucinoes; and linen moiitcned

'* with it, produced a great deal

•• of light, if it werff illrred or

*' moved briikly. Betides, in fail-

** ing over fome places of the Tea,

" we find a matter or fubibince of

'* diHerentcoiours, fometimes red,

** Ibmetimes yellow. In looking

*' at it, one weald think it was

** fmw-duft: our failois Uy it is

** the fpawn, or fc'd of whales.

'■ What it is, is not certain ; but

*• when we draw up water, in

" paffing over thefe place% it is

*' always vifcous and glutinous.

" Our mariners alh fay, that there

** are a great many heaps or banks

'* of this ijpawn in the north ;

*' aad that fometimes in the night

•* they appear all over of a bright

•• light, without being pot in mo-

** tion by any velT?] or fiQi palling

** by them«

•* But, to confirm farther what

•« I fay, videlicet, that the wa-

*' ter, the more glutinons it is,

*' the more it is difpofed to become

*' luminous; I (ball add one par-

*' ticu)ar which I faw myfelf. One

•« day we took in our (hip a filh,

«' which fome thought was a bo-

•« neta. The iniide of the mouth

«' of the fifh appejred in the night

«* like a burning coal ; fo that,

«• without any other light, I could

«« read by it the fame char<iclers

«' that I read by the light in the

" wake of the Ihip. its mouth

'< being full of a vifcous humour,

«« we rubbed a piece of wood with

" it, v^hich immediately became

'• all over lumiooas; but, as fooa

* as the moifture was dried ap»
« the light was extingui(hed»

' *' I leave it to be examined
' whether all thSfe particulars can
' be explained by the fyftem of
' fuch as a(rert, that the princi-

* pie of this light confifts in the
' motion of a fubtle matter, or

* globules, caufed by a violent

* agit'ition of different kinds of
' ialts."

0/ a Jmyular D:/'/^/e, ivitb tabids
tivo Butchers of the Royal Hofpi*
tal of the Invalids tveri feixid.
From the ILjlorj (jufi pMijbed)
of the Royal Academy ^/'Sciences
mt PsLr'is,for the Tear 1766.

AVERY iingnlar event has
given room to a differtatiom
which M. Morand read to the
Acadt-my on thatfubjeA: Theytk
of Odooer, 1765, two butchers^
of the RoyaJ Academy of Invalids,
killed each an ox for the provifion
of the houfe, and the meat was
employed as ufual for the officers
and foldiers, without the lead ail-
ment attending on thofe who had
eaten of it, road or boiled*

The next morning, however,
one of the t^o butchers, aged 2y
years, had his eye-lids fwelled and
a head^ach ; the fweiling got to his
cheek ; the head-ach increafeJ, ani
a {t^i^T fucceeded. In this (!ate he
was carried t'> the infirmary of the
h')fpital ; the diforder came Co a
confiderable height, ^nd bleeding
procured him no other reii.'f thaa
a (light ]e(rening of his head-ach.
An emetic, which had been given
him the fourth day, feemed to cafe
him a little. There arufe on his
eye-lids, and different pnrts of his
face, blillcrs which thrfaiened to

be

^8 ANNUAL REGISTfeR, 1J76.

^ gangrenous. Thefe accidents^
notwithftandine^ diminilhed; yet
there was an eichar under the biif-
ters that came with difficulty to a
fapparation^ and the patient was
again vomited and parged. The
15th the efchar fell, and left open
a confiderable wound which nad
the ufnal drefSngs ; but, the xoth
the left thigh was attacked with
a fliarp pain ; and the next day
the like accident happened to the
right leg, the bath having only
increafed the pain and fwellingji
Then recourfe was had to ordinary
cataplafms ; the ailing parts canoe
to a fuppuration ; both were open-
edy and yielded only a purulent
natter like that of a fimple phleg-
mon ; the patient went out of the
infirnnary the 3d of January, having
been there near three months.

Theother butcher was not taken
ill of the difeafe till two days after
he bad killed :ne ox ; but he met
with a worfe treatment from it
than his companion ; for, bcfidcs
the accidents that were common to
both, the fwclling of the face got
to the neck, and afterwards to
the bofom* and theic formed a
fbiningemphyirma, which diflcnd-
cd the (kin in all parts like a orum,
and threatened him with an eniire
fiifTocation. M. de Morand, hav-
ing opened one of the blifters of
,.the fsce, applied an a^ual cautery
to U, in order to bring on a fup-
pnration, and, having perceived a
Iweiling in the thighs and legs,
he applied bliilers to them.
Thefe remedies, together with
bleeding and vomiting, which
were at fird adminifiered wiihrut
much fucccf^, cHcded a cure,
caufing a gr^rai quantity of hu-
mours to Row. I'his man left the
infirmnry the 8:h of December,
6

upwards of ^ree weeks b^
comrade, who was not, in t1
fo grievoufly afieded.

So fingular a difeafe, at
its effeds as canfe^ enga,
Morand to make all poffibl
ries, in regard to it* 1
oxen had been vifited» a<
to the cooftant cuftoffl of tk
and no difeafe, DOthinj
had been cbfcrved in the
that they appeared fomei
tigucd. They were knock*
and bled as ufual ; the
fecmed nothing different f\
of others, and neither of ih
crs had an open woand
the blood mi^^ht have pc
into the interior parts 1
body : No extraordinar]
alfo, was obfervable at the
of the oxen.

The undertaker of the
had been in the fame offic
army in the laft war, an<
formed M. Morand, that
often ki!l?d oxen which
over-fatigued for the pn
the army, without any i
cfacer being thereby incoi
but it of;en happened,
butchers who h^.d flain I
been attacked by the fan
as the invalid butchers,
even fome of them had
it.

Hence it was not di
perceive what had hsppei
oxen of the invalids: si
beads that are drove
there are always ibme I
which do not follow the
out being much worried
or by the drivers ; and ii
happen5 to them as to 1
over-riddcn horfe. It
known, that a horfe, it
dered ftate, is io great

NATURAL

lofing U) life; and that thore «hn
birgaia for horfei have an afiion
for hiving their money refunded by
kin who had jaded the hoTfe.

It is therefore very pollible, that
Ac body of an ox tcilled in that
late, being ftill hot, and perhaps
kii blood more To, may exhale ■
pemicioai vapour, aFefting thofe
that touch (he body, or receive the
blood of the aoimil on their Oiin:
Bm what can be the degree of ma-
Hgnitj of theft vaponrt, and why
do they priocipaliy attack the eel-
lilar membrane? Thii ii not
nfily explained. Whatis fingular
it, that the vapours of aoimAls,
laboaring andcr the bovilU peltit,
or murrain^ does not in any uifc
■fftA thole that open them, dead
or dying, A furgeon- major had
opcDcd apntrd) of loo, in the
mortality uf 1712, withont being
in the lead incommoded. It ap-
pears likewife, by feveral exam-
ples, that the flejh of thefe ani-
mals were eaten without any incon-
veniency 1 it is trae, that one ouly
example that happened in Dau>
pbiny feems to infinnaie the con-
trary; but it follows, however,
from all M. Moratid'* obfrrva-
tions. (hat the oxea killed as the
invaliJs had bren, probably, over-
drove, and killed before they re-
covered from their lifiitude; ilint
botchers killing animali in th^t
Aate, ran the rifque of chrir lives,
bat that the fleOi may be raien
with impunity; though it Ihould
be wbolefomer, if the animal h:<d
lime to rectnit himfcif of h:s fa-
ligoe.

The reading of the circiimflmcM
of this fact before tlie Ac..<!cinv,
caufeJ M. da H-mel to recclKrt
a like acciJent, that hjpprncil in
bis part of the country : aoiong

HISTORY. 79

fome oxen, driven from Liraofin
to Pari», one of the finel), wngh-
tng about 800 lb. was not able to
follow the reft. By the advice of
foroe grazieri and butchen, who
were of opinion he had hero
ailing, he was fold to a butcher of
Piihivien, who fent his journey-
man to kill hint in the liable of
the inn where he was kept. Du-
ring his operation!, this perfon,
having put his knife into his mouth
for 3 few moments, was fome hoars
afier attacked with a fwelling of
his tongue, and a (Ircightcning of
his cheH, with a difficulty of
breathing: There appeared bla:k
puAules over hit whole body, and
he died the fourth day of a general
gangrene.

The ion-keeper havini; the palm
of hii hard pricked by a bon«
ofthefameox, alivid tumour arcfe
in the part, the arm ffll into a
rphacelui, and he died at the end
of the yifa day: his wife having
received feme drops of blood on
the b.ick of her hand, the hand
fwclled, and (he hid fome diffi-
culty in giftling cured: the fer-
vaot-maid. having paflVd under
ths ox, foOR af'.er it was hung up,
ri'CL'ived fome drops uf blooJ uk
the cheek, which brought on the
p^rt a preat infi.iTnmaiion, termi-
nating in a black tu^nor, Shewa*
cured, but remained disfigured by
it. In f.ne, thefurgeon ofthebof-
plt.1l at Pithtvicrs, by having opeo*
cd one of thefe tumon, and pat hit
lancet between his wig and fure-
hesd, his he^d fwclled, and anery-
fipclis w.-.j frirmcd, which he lung
coniinoeJ ill of.

It i( very Certain, that thcblool

of this ox was vi-ry contagious,

yet his flclh was fold tt the bet

houfcs of Pitkivieis and its cnvi-

roni.

ronsy aid none were in the leaft
incommoded by the eating of ir.
Ic wooldy perhaps^ be curious to
know if the animals, which might
have eaten of it raw, or drank the
blood, had been affeaed. The
refemblance of the two faAs of Pi*
thiviers and the invalids is fuffici-
cntly manifeft: the caufe of the
£rft it not equivocal ; and there
IS great reafoo to believe that it
is ine fame which occafioned the
fecond.

80 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

they mentioned it 10 him
not regard it as a mattrr 0
ent importance to deiervc
rions ai:ention. Bat thi
quence proved otherwire,fc
at evening, whilft he wa
with a few neigh bonrs ab*
chearful as afn«i« he fudd
from his chair to the flo
firoke of the palfy. The p
over, and when a little re
he found himfelf aloiDft 10
pri ved of the faculty of fpc
his fenfes reduced to a ver;
fc€t condition. He was^ tl
the day after the accident
to an eminent phyfician
don, who ordered him u
tea-fpoonfol of the follow!
ture: K* TinA. Cort. Pe
neK alb. Sp. Lavend. an
apply blifters to the occi]
to ccntinae the temperate
had ufually purfued. By <
obferving of which, he
much better, as in a fei
after to be able, by the h
cane, juft to remove hiral
place to place, for a ve
diilance. His tonvoe fti!
nued faultering, hardly i
ble; his hands trembling
hii head vritigtnous; an(
telk'^lual fucuhies (o mucll
eJ, that hii mind became I
temporary wanderings, ai
pathifing with the infirmiti
Body.

la this condition he ac
one miferable year in |
defpoodency, when he was
on the 8th day of June
have recourfe'to the cl
waters of Tunbridgk." 1
he conformed, ftriAly ai
larly prrfevering in the c<
the fpace ot fix weeks ; at
ration of which tcrnij he

ni Ca/i §/ the Riv. Mr. Winder,
^uho «was cured by Lightning 9f a
Paralytic DijQrder.

TH E Rev. Mr. Winder, whofe
cafe is the fubje£t of this
memoir, is redlor of Hal (led, in
Kent. His form is robuft, ra-
ther athletic, inclining to corpu-
lency: his countenance florid,
his difpofition chearful, generally
ferene, fomewhat jocular: and
he was of a conftitution fo happy,
that, at the age of fifty-four, he was
a ftranger to difeafe; and, which
is very uncommon at fuch a pe-
riod of lif(*, alrooH totally unac-
qnainted with the fenfation of any
confiderable pain. But a reverfe
of this fcrenity of health was at
hani.

For, June 3, 1761. whilft he
was pertorming the duty of his
o%ce, it was obferved by nuny of
his congregation, though unper-
ceived by himfeif, that his voice
was altered, and that he did not
articulate and pronounce his words
fidth the ufual facility. The fol-
lowing week, tho' ilill it efcaped
llit notice, his friends remarked
the extraordinary change and fnul.
ill hii fpcech. Yet, when

fumg

V A T U R A L H I S T O R Y.

fi

Gonfidenbly relieved, as
en able to willc, by the
cane, nearljr half a mile :

was become fo fteady,
midagaia write his name
le raanoer, which be had
before fiace hii lirft ac.
at he ftill perceived an
inGrniEy in all the mnr-
ti of his frame, and an
!, or inabiiiC)' in iheui to
d with the diflatei of his
. He WIS ftill, at times,
with violent palpitations
leart, tremblings of his
ibfaliai tendlnum; be-
:h, be was frequentljr af*
ith vertigoes. But thefe
r eflefts of his malady

trivial inconvenieocies,
rifon to the great mifery
:d from a conftant, very
', heavy perception of
I deep in his breaft, which
n accompanied with that
of fpirit, feldora to be
from a Itate of anguilh
ilf, when no farther hope
ry remains. In this un-
nation of very imperfcft
M coatinoed for three
fcer bis leaving Ton-
lefpairing ever to receive
MBplete cure, when, on
of Aegoft, 1761, abont
:k at night, whilfl he was
bed, the aimofphere be-
, and the &y very cloudy,
one, or very little, rain

fcarcc a breeze of air

perceived, it bej;in to
With great violence, nc-
i by thick snd frequent
■ lightning nt every ex-
which w^te lo loud, that
nt was ihertby ftariled
from his ilecp, and at
It of wsidng he was fur-
<IU.

prized by the perception ofa quick,
ftrong (hock, affcAiog bim nni-
verfally, as if he were thunder-
flruik, but (o rapid, it wni gnne
almoft before he cnetJ think nf it,
leaving upon his mind, according
ro his own reprefentatinn, the fame
idea as we recoiled from having
nndergone a Itroke of cicflricity,
which mny l>e better imagined
than defcrihed. At the very fame
moment the chamber he Uyin 8p>
peated filled with lightning, which
iDflantaneoully vanidird, leaving
behind it a remarkibte phofpho-
roat fmel). And from that point
of time he thought he found bis
natural pans mere alert, and hit
feelings fo greatly altered, that he
fancied his cure to be accomplilh-
ed; of which he was induced to
perfuade himfelf, from a fuddcn
fenfation, defcribed by him to be
at if fome obdruflion tn hit cheC,
or a great adhefion therein, had
been fuddenly remoi'rd, and his
breaft had then recovered its for-
mer fullliberty or expanflon : The
oppreffion and contiRenieni he hal
there before fuff^ted, feeming to
be entirely gone. And he now
esjoyed, in Imagioatim at leaft,
the agreeable opinion of repoflef-
fing perfcfl health. But how much
greater was his joy, when he arofe
in the morninir, and began to move
about, on finding the fj-^cy he hid
indulged during the night fuliy
vrrilicJ by tne entire cafe and com-
plete health he then really enjoyrc.
Hla head was quite fcrene; his
breaft unladen cf its uonicj cp-
preilijn, and er.ft-d of m habiiu-.l
pain : he cuuid move .-.1! hi* limbs
wiih ai much fieaditti'fs and agi-
lity n^ he ufeJ brforcbis complaint:
IPrpar?, trembling', and the long
unhapjiy train ul nitctiei whicli
O afflifiei

*4 ANNUAL REGISTER, i77<3.

afflifted him before* were now
gone : the joy cf health was^ like
the dawn of mornings renewed;
and every paralytic fymptcm with
his defpair of recovery, vaniihed
like the preceding night! and he
avers, that though the day before
he was unable to walk more than
half a mile^ and that with great
difficulty and pain> he could^ the
morning after the (hock the light-
ning gave him, have walked with
cafe ten or twelve miles 3 fo pro-
pitious was the event. And on the
20th of September> 17629 he wa^,
and I believe, dill continues, in a
perfect ftate of health. To efta-
bliQi and fecure Which bleffiog, (6
fignally recovered, he was then r(S.
turned tea courfe of theTunbridge
waters ; where this account was
delivered by himfelf of his diforder,
and the cure.

It may not be improper here to
obferve, that as Mr. Winder is
well-known to be a gentleman of
ftri^ veracity, and found, plain
fcnfe; we cannoi fofpc6^, there-
fore, eiiher hi:^ heaJ or his heart
capable of dcccivinc: us in this re-
lation, which himfelf delivered,
and which 1 was very careful to
note down as circumftantially as
po(fible, that it might be as fatisfac-
tory to all whp may think it of fo
much importance as to be favoured
with their attention.

jtc count of the Net dies, in iht Ifle «/"
Wight. Extraatdfrom Mr. Ei-
wards'j Natural Hi/tcry,

IN the beginning of June, 1761,
I had the curiofiiy to vifit the
Ifle of Wight, where 1 fpent a week
in feeing what was curious in that
part of the ifland« and went off to

fea feveral timet onder tl
dous rocks and cliffs c
Needles. Many ftrange
foruthern coantiet vifit tl
yearly on the fame accoon
we enter fome of oar gn
drals, their i^reatnels an
gloomineft ftrike oa wit]
ing revereatral kind of
horror; an^ when we
magnificent palaces of
princes, we are ftrttck wit
harmony, and regalarity, a
ing (enie of the richntf
art, and fine tafte, that o
futh terreftrial heavens |
whefl i had laancbed al
into the ocean, and taki
view of this moft ama:
ftnpendona work of ns
the fenfations produced
pies and palaces, the *
art, were like fliadows
with real fubilances. Tl
doBs greatnefs of the ro
the beholder with chill
and amassment, never fe
While a ftrangrr is near
fears that fome protabera
of the rock will give
wreck his vefiel, aud d
prefumptuous fpedator*
ceiTdry to keep a quarter 0
diftance at lead, to make i
roent of the height of the \
fome places it is perpendi*
others overhanging; inot
are rows of (helves or lo
for the birds called the Pi
Razor- birds, where they
in rows, though hardly <
be fcen feparately, but I
tion difcovers them. Ii
places high in the cliC, :
under water-mark, yoa
chafms and deep caverna,
to enter far into the rod
and there $rc chryftal Hat

NATURAL

pUng witen ilTuiagforih

i the

The

ihslk, tlont, flint), ice.
I fooie par» 4n an al-
I Surface for the depch
dred feci, (be height of
in many places, 'BiTorJi

itive mind. It is ftrange
) and liirbt feeding near
t edge in (he lower part
W, and not taMy con-
>w ihey get thithrruiih.
TecipitaEcdinioEhedeep,
live the pou'-'r of tread-
in placei inacceinbte to
ough the bitda are not
table, yet many of them
ed through wantonnef*.
in isdifcharged from f<-a

rock, they fly off in
ng nombersat (od>iikeD
der them. Gmi num-
ways Teen fiDiin^ in the

fitting! in the clilfst and
yi padn^ and repafling

buat. The filhermen
9 of iheir fle (h to caich
ab», SiC. The ignor.int
t of the ifland fuppofe

bird) are found in no
he world, but at the
The face uf ihii flupen-
xiendi ahoat four intle>,
nearly, if not precifrly,
fou(h. The well poittt

in «'hat ii properly
Needles which are fe-
'dde obeliOci, or pillart,
y tiire and (oice of the
lemain roclc, aod i\>f>d

youiofthefea.' Thele
/ fay, are feen here not

)pear in the beginning
I'he EOieiinen, who aie
•ui ihefe rocki, dechic

H I S T O R T. $3

that thefe birdi are feen three or
fogr timeg in the winter, Tdt ■ day
or two each time; in ai great nnm^
bers at at their breeding timet
and that ihey Itnowwhcn to eiiprft
them, which ii after a little mild
weather, when the fan lies wafoi
on the clilF, and the fea beneath i*
pretty calm, to give them an op>
portonity to feek their fooJ. Th«
top of itiecLfri) barren, chalky,
and ftony, down which feed agteat
number of fheep : contioranit,
(hag),gulls, Corni(hchoughi,jack*
dawi, flarlingf, wild pigeoiii> aaij
many forts nf fmill oii-da, btccd
annually ob thefe rocks;

An Arreunt ef rti Tailor Sir J, noili
a Di/cripthn €/ amUiiin ftrtfit
/rem Mr. Pennania'/ Indian Zm-

HAD Providence left the fea-
thered tribe unendowed with
any particular iultinfl, the birda
of the torrid zone would havt
built their nedi in the fame on-
guarded manner ai ihofe of En/tipe;
bat there the lefTer fpecies, having
a certain prefcicncc of the dangers
that furrouod them, and of their
own weaknefi, fufpend their neft*
at theextreme brinchc! of the tre« ;
they are confciout of inhabiting a
climate replete with enemiei to
them and theiryouTig; with fnakei
that twine up the bodies of the
ireri, and apes that arc pcrpeiuallv
in learch of prey; bat, heaven-
inllruded, they elude the gliding;
of the one, and the aAivity oftha
o:her.

An Indian forelt is a fcene the
mult piflureCqae that can b- ima-
gined; the tree* frem perfeAIy ani'
mated; tha fantaUic monkiei gn'

G ;

hie

g4 ANNUAL REGISTER* 1770.

life to the ftronger branches; and
the weaker fprays wave over your
heady charged with vocal and vari-
COS plumed inhabitants. It is an
error to fay that nature hath de-
nied melody to the birds of hot cli-
mates, and formed ihcm only to
pleafe the eye with their gaudy plu-
mage: Ceylon abounds with birds
equal in fong • to thofc of Europe;
which warble among the leaves of
trees, grotefqnein their appearance,
and often loaden with the mod de-
licious and falubrious fruit. Birds
of the richcft colours crofs the
glades, and troops of peacocks
complete the charms nf the fcene,
fpreading their plumes to a fun that
ha^ ample powers to do them juflice.
The landfcape in many pans of
India correfponds with the beauties
of the animate creation : the moun-
tains are lofty, ftpcp, and broken,
but cloathpd with forcfis, enlivened
with catarads f of a grnndeur and
£gare onknown to this part of the

globe.

But to give a reverfe of this en-
chanting profprft, which it is im-
poiCble to enjoy with a fui tabic
tranquillity; you are haraflVd in
one icafon with a burning heat, or
in the other with dtlugrs of rain:
you arc tormented with cloods of
noxious infeft' : you dread the
fpring of the tiger, cr the mortal
bite of the n.jja.

The brute creation are more at
enmity with one another than in

other climates ; and the hi
obliged to exert VDafoal an
placing their little brood ci
reach of an invader. Each
the fame end, thoogh by d
means; fome form their pei
in (h^pe of a porfe, deep ai
at top. others with a bole
fide, and others ftill more a
with an entrance at the vc
torn, forming their lodge i
fummit |.

But the little fpecies we d
fecms to have greater difiidei
any of the others: it will n
its neft even to the extremi
(lender twig, bot makes oi
advance to fafety by fixing i
leaf itfelf.

It picks up a dead leaf, ai
prifing to relate, fe^^s it to
of a living one§, its flen<
being its needle, and its thre
finchbres : the linir.g, feathc
famer and down: itscg^sar
thecolourof the bird light
its length three inches, its
only three. fixieenihs of a:
fo that the materials of the c
its oivn iizc are not likely
down a habitation that dep
fo flight a tenure.

The following account
the fame ingenious authr
coniributc to give us fome
the hfat of that fervid climi
treating: of the black-cap]
gcon, he fays ;

'* That which ihc Ptirtuf^iicfe cill DomlniquJn, U pTnicnlnrly fine.

+ Thofc of the ill in;! of Ccltlhrs arc d:(iint:uifhi-.i for their ms
fccr.cvv, a^ ?ppr?.rs fn,:!! :lic (!.avv-n7;s in pfilTcfTlon of Mr. Loten.

I Ti.i". in(lir.*:t puv.ii!-' :il:i> amonjr fjchird^ en the bints i:t" t .•• G'
Atr;cfl» which Thonnrl'; w*tli noi'.ki' ~. nnd fnikcs : c.tlters (f. r the ij
mnke their iicl^ in holes ot ihc hank;* that over-huT.^:; th::: vail liV.r.
II. p. 1576.

^ A nc!t of ilujbtjd i;. prclcrvcdinthc Biitifli Muici.m.

NATURAL HISTORY.

■ mo8 elegant fpede) ti
1 the fize of lift. It wai
OB the ground in the ifle of
bftving tiroppcd down dead
of tbofe hci days that are
oolyio the torrid zonri when
wis of the air often perifli,
1 to tefpire; when lion), leo-
■nd wolves, inimerge thcm-
■p to their noAril> in the
to preferve ihemfelves from
corcbing fun * ; and when
MCD themfelvei have been
■O sfcend the highelt trees,
ler to draw in a more lem-

Such a day occafioned the dif-
covety of ihisfpeciei.

The fore part of the head, the
chreki , and beginning of the brealt,
were >uhite: the hind paaof the
be^t black: thechtn^llawV

The reit of the neck, the brealt,
upper part of the belly, the back,
coverti, and fecondsry featbera
of the wingi, of a ^nr gTenl
the quill feaihert of a dirk ptir^le.

The lower belly^nd vent fearltera
rf a fine yellow i the ontfide c^the
thigh* green : the inCdc wMki the
Inwer fide of the tul crimfor: the
legi red. ■ " .

• Boone'i Account of the Climate^lita Difeafes of SeniyaL
■f Platofophical Trinfailions 17S/."

Gj

«< ANNUAL REG.ISTER, ind,

ANTIC^U I TIES.

#r ihiautiiHt Iceiandic Mytb9logyi
fratfjlaiid ffm the Original, by
Mr. Malkc.

6/tti Tnuiligbt 9/ the G9JS.

GANGLER then inquired;
Whac can yoa ceil me con-
eeroing that day? Har replipdj^
There are rtff many and ycry
Botable circumflances which I can
impart to yoa. In the firtb place,
will come the grand, ' the defo-
* latrng' Winter; during which
the fnow will fall from the four
corners of the world: the froft
will be rery fcvtre; the temped
violent and dangerous; and the
fon will withdraw his beams.
Three fuch winters (hall pafs away,
without being foftened by one
fummer. Three others (hall foU
low, during which war and difcord
will fpread through the whole
globe. Brothers, out of hatred,
wall kill each other; no one (hall
fpare either his parent, or his
child, or his relations. See how
it is defcribed in the Voluspa;
brothers becoming murderers,
(hall (lain themfelves with bro-
thers blood ; kindred (hall for-
get the ties of confanguinity;
life (hall become a burthen ;
adultery (hall reign throughout

«•

.r

*^ the world. A barbarots
** an age of fwords! aa a
** tempefts! an age of in
f« The bucklers (hall be b
"in pieces; and the(e cala
'* (hall fuccced each other c
" world (hall fall to rain."
will happen fuch things ai
well be pa|lc4 prodsgias.
wolf Ffisrais will devour tb
a fevere lofs will it be foai
mankind. Another aonftc
carry off the Moon, and
her touUy nfelefs : the S:ar
fly away and yanidi from cl:
vens*: the earth and the
tains (hall be feen violtntl
tated ; the trees torn op fn
earth by the roots ; the to
hills to tumble headJonj
their foundations; all the
and irons of the prifoners
broken and da(hed in pieces,
is the wolf Fenris let loo(
fea ru(hes impecuoufly ot<
earth, becaufe the creat S
changed into a SpeAre, ga
(horc. The (hip KagkfmrA
afloat; this veflel is coalbut
the nails of dead men ; for
rcafon great care (hould be
not to die with nnpared nai
he who dies fo, fupplies mi
towards the building of that
which Gods and mea wii

* Goranfon has it, Sttlldt dt ccrlo cadunt. See other variations in hi
Vcrfion; which feems, in fume rcfpc^s, mo:e f^'irited than that of M.
bore fuiJcmctU T.

A N T I <i.U 1 T I E S.

«7

Inilhcd u late u pofiblc. fear and dao^r. The Godt it*
taot Jijmtr u ihe pilot of c\ad in armour; Odih pan on
Sell which the Tea breaking hi) golden helmet, and hit rerplea*
■ banki. waru along with dcai cuirari; he grafpi hit fwr>rd
lie wolf Pearii adfinciDg, and marchfi directly agatoA th«
Ua CDOroioui aouth; hit Wolf Penrii. He haih Tttoa at
aw reacbci to the«arth, and hi* fide: but thi« Ood cannot 'ffift
Mr jaw to ihe beiveai, and him; for he himfrlf fight* with
reach Ail) farther, were the Great Serpent. Fairencoun*
tftlf fbaod (D admit of it, ten Svktuk, »nd terrible blowa
exchanged on both fidct ; '(ill
f KEY ii b.-al down ; xod he owe*
till defeat to h't having formcrtf
given hig f^ord to hii ittendanc
SijrnfT. ThMdavalfoi) let loofe

inuog fire AiJhes out from
I and noftrils. The Great
t *oinit* torih floods of poi-
■uchflverwhelni the air and
Thii tccrible mon-

cn hiinfelf bj the iide of the dog named Garmtr, who had

ronfafii
fliali cleare afunder; and
breach the Genii o'f Piie
« horfeback. Sarlmr ii at
ladt before and behind him
a a ''ys'*' glowing fire.
ard ontBnnei ihe Sua iifelf.
rmx of there Genii pafSag
-ftback over the bridge of

hiiherio been ckained at ihe en*
trance of a cavern. He ii a moti-
ller dreadful even lo the Gotki
he attacks Ttk, and they kill
each niher. Tkok beat* dowik
the Great Serpent to the earth,
but ac the fame time recoiling
back nine flepi, he fall* dead
upon the fpo:, fuffbcated with
, break It in piece* : Thence Jloodi of venom, which the Serpeot
reft their courfe to a plain i voinii* forth upon him. Odin ia
:lte7 are joined by the wolf devoured by the Wolf Fenrii. Ac
aad the Great Scrpeor. the fame intltnt Vi dak advancer,
r ailb repair Lokb, and and prefiing down the montter**
•at Rtmik, and with them lowrrjaw with hi* foot, feize* the
Gianti of the Proft, who other with hi* hand, and thu* tear*
Loke even to death. The and lend* him till he die*. LoKt
of fire march firll in battle andHiiiiDAt. fight, and mntaalty
ioriiing a moA brilliant kill each other. After that, Sva-
M on ihi* ptain; which it Tua daits fire and flame over all
odrad degree* fquare on the earth; ih: whole world ii pre*
fide. During thete prodi- frnily confumrd. See bow this i(
IliMDAL, Ihe door-keeper rrl.itedin the Volui?a. " Heim-
dal lifii up hi; cronked trumpet*

God*,
vuodi hi* clanging trumpet
ten the God* : whoinAantly
ie, TJienOoiN repaiik to
latain of Niniii, to confult
r ought lo do, he and hi*

The great Afti Tree of
i* Ihaken ; nor ii any thing
ttn or tarth ezcnifi frum

and founds it aloud.
confnit* the head of Mimit|
the great Alh, that afh fublime
and fruitful, i* violently fhaken,
and fends forth a groan. The
Giant burib hii iron*. What is
doing among the Godt? What
i* doingasoDg ibeGeDii? The
G 4 " Ia&4

83

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

*\ land of the Giants is filled with which facei the north. It is cOBh

*' uproar: the Deities coliefl and piled of nothine bat the circifa

*'. a(r<;mblf* together. The dwarfif of Serpeatt, ail whofe heads ve

ligh and groan before the doors turned towards the tnfide of the

of their caverns. Ob ! ye in-

*' habitants of the mountains ;

** can you fay whether any thing
will yet remain in exiftence?
[The Sun is darkened ; the
e.irth is overwhelmed in thefea;

<^ the ihining lUrs fall from hea-
ven ; a vapour, mixed with iire»
arifes; a vehement heat prevails,

<* even in heai'en iifclf*.**]

7'te Thirty^tb'ir/i F<ih!ci cf, 7"/r Se-
qufl nf thi Confiagraiicn cf the
iVorlk.

ON hearinc* the preceuinir re-
laiio;i, G::n^;]tr aiks. What
wiJl remain after iV.?. worlJ Ihall
be coiifunucl; niid afier Gods, and
Hcjoe-, and Men (hall pcriih?
For [ underilord by yon, adds he,
ill at ni 'lUinJ \\L\'t iv> e.\iil for ever
::i :i:.n.I»cr uorid. 'i hiiili replies,
•AT all il.ci-.' piodi^ics, there

^

v.'.Il fucct'tvi in.inv ncvi^ abocirs,
KM.c c.l" Willi h will he aijreciibic
...ivj ctiit/s u ir icni'o : bu: t'lc l>eii
r:..:;Grn t-I" ;.il, uiil bf (.'..v.-iV [or
.i'KWi-:;) V. Iktc; all Kir, J s of 11-
K. -oi ili.'il hn quafTcJ in i.»ic 1L.11
K .III- J Li' f.tr, iKLa.c'd in ll.c
* ''.'.-ilry it (I .'•//. 'i i'Ut is L-ii-j a

*■■' • (1^..^ .; . •.! , ■..u •T Vv 1. L ii IS

L',:. :. li.e lie.' * i:.3 i : /;.■. ■ , .,r.J
w 'nt.il 1j Lii:li o» -a iii i'.\ . In
I i> ^•jIjcv ;:io.i unJi l-..i i: « ;j '1:311
. '■! ;■. Jr .', ^.V/;/;.,.-' (i. i*. liic lijorc
1 i liie u'.aj) ttu're is a va!i and
c:::..:^:! Utu.iLU-, tlic [Orul ot

building: there they vomit fcnk
fo much venofflt that it forms a
long river of poifon s and in this
float the perjured and the Bor-
derers ; as is faid in thofe verfcsef
the Voluspa: " 1 Icnov ibt
** there is io N^ramdi, an abode
** remote from the Sun, the gates
<' of which look towards chc
** north ; there drops of poifin
*' rain through the windows. Ic
*' is all built of the carcales of
** ferpents. There, in rapid rifcn«
'' fwim the perjured, the aflafiof.
** and thofe who feek to iedace
*< the wives of others. In another
** place, their condition is ftill
" worfe; for a wolfj an all-dc-
'' vouring montler, perpetoally
'* torments the bodies who are frnt
'* in thither." Gangler r'funci
the dil'courfc, and &ys. Which
then are the Gods thai fiiall fjr-
vivc ? ShAl they all perifh, lai
will there no lon^^er be a heivfi
nor an earth? Har replies, "1 hrrt
\uil criic out of the fea, ancchrr
t'jrth mod lovely and deliphifu!:
cir.rrci ic will be with verdure asi
plcalant fields : there the ^r:ia
iVi.tU fpring forcli and grow ot i:-
fclf, without cultivation. Vidac
and \'ai.c fhall alio furvivc, br
eacfe neither the Hood, nrr the
!:!..«.!: conlla'jrjtion (hall do chrn
:iiiv harm. Tt^ey ihall duel! io
li.e plains of J.ia; where was fof-
i.iiTJy the rel\dc*nce of the GoJ;.
The fons cf fit or. Mode, a&«l
MA<iNE repair thither: ihiti:?:

co.'ne

*■ "i l-.:s a::'i V'<' j^ec-wJir.^j nain^s arc v.iy difTcicnt !:• tl.c KJiiion cf ^' •

■J'

A N T I Q.U I T I E S.

89

ALDit and HoKiK, from onewhocaDrelatenrhatwill happen

n&ODa of the dud. They id the other ign of the world: t

a and cmiverfe together ; advife you therefore to remain fa-

' > mind the adverfities tiified with my relation, and to

prefirrveit in your memory.' —

Upoo thit, G mglrr heartl a ter>
ible noife all araund him; he
looked every way, but coald dtf-
cern nothing, except a raft ex-
tended plain. He fet out there-
fore on hi) retnra hack to hh own
ingdom: where he related all
that he hid feen and ho^rd: and
uider an hill. They fred ever Qnce that time, thii relation
dew, and propagate fo hath been handed down among tlw
people by Oral Traditioa,

lave formerly ondergor
ifterwardi And among the
the golden Dice*, which
dabmtofore made ufe of.
er« be it obferveJ, t
te fire devoured ail thin_
iron* of the human race,
lie and the other female,
Lif^aA Li/rbra/tr, lay a

ntly, that the earth \i foon
I with a new race of morialt.
jTOtt will think dill more
fnlis, that ^Mrna([heSuN)
it ia devoured by the Wolf
1, fliall have brought forth
bter a* lovely and as re*
DtM herfelf i and who (hall
M fame track formerly trod
■■oilier: according as it ti
■ ■ 1 theft ' - ""■

We ball add a few of on An.
thoM remarki on ihcft two carious

Fables.

I Other

Woli

I his devalla-

Had the Edda had 1
claim tooar regard, than 1
prelerved to U) the opiniooi an4
do&rinef of the ' ancient northern
' nation»t' on that important fnb-
monarchof Fireffliill jec), an exiftence after thii life, it
ighter, before would hare merited, even on that
account, to have been prererve4
from oblivion. And really on thl*
he.id it throw* gre.it light on Hif-
tury: whether we conflder that
" branch of it which principally re>

continues Har. IF yon gards the afcertainment offafts|
y new oaelliom to alk me, or thai which deroiet itfelf rather
not who can r^rolve youj to trace the different revolotiona
I have never heard of any of manncit and opioioni. Such

death of the Godi, wi
lie the fame track aa h«r pi

nnfun render* it CrrpUai, " Sindali." But M. Klitle;'* Veilion i%
inccil bj- Uartboiin. lieairatui arrrj o/cgftqf . p. 597. T.

lete leuini to be a deuA or amln^iiy in the Original hen, which hat
ed a (Iringe CGnt':iJicii of geniiei-s, both in the French of M. MiUet.
Litin Verfciri of Gorjnibn. Tlic fomwr his « Ll Roi hrillmt Ju
^tKJrtra une f.'.^ uiiiqut mani ijur d'eir* tnsbuli for U Uuf j celufo'lr
alftra.i! 4.V SA MERE, r/ini hi m'.rt dci dimx." The laiier, Umean
jHidl rkh'ieuTid'^iraui :lle Kex anv.fiom tvii Ftnrii drvoraverit ; gne
tjl, rrtflnit Uih, tiiPi matermau. I have endeavoured to avoid
resjiiilinglhopilisgt in more general Kroil, T.

LesCelcu. French Orig.

99 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

M are ODiy found of the former
fpecies of Iii(lory» will find in
(hefc concluding; Fables, the prin-
ciples of that wild enthuHaftic cou-
rage which animated the ravagers
q{ the Roman Brnpire, and con-
qucron of the greateft part of Eu-
irope. Such as inicreft themfelves
ipore in the latter, will fee (not
"without pleafureand afionifliment)
« people whom they were woat to
COAfider as barbarous and uncul-
tivated, employed in deep and
fvblime fpeculgtions} proceeding
ig thCeA more conclufively ; and
comin ?9 poflibly, much nearer to the
end, than thofe celebrated nations
viba h^vo arrogated to themfelves
^ excli)fivc privilege to reafon and
t:now]edge,

I have before obferved, that
( the pViJofopher^ of tbe north**
coofidered nature as in a ftate of
perpetual labour a^nd warfare. Her
v.reogth was thus continually waft*
|ng away by little and little j * and
hjcr approaching di^olution could
not but become every day more
Ji^ni more perceptible. At lall,
9, confuiion of the fe3.foni, with a
long and preternatural winter were
%o be tbe final marks of her decay.
The moral world is to be no Mb

m

^ifturbed and troubled than the na-
tural. The voice of dying Nature
>yill be no longer heard by man.
(ler fenfations being weakened,
ajid as it were, totally extinA,(hall
leave the heart a prey to cruel and
iphuman p9(rions. Then will all
the malevolent and hoftile powers,
V^om the Gods have heretofore
Hfith muck diii^culty confined, bur^

their cbaior, and fill the aaiverft
with diforder and confofioo. Tbe
holt of Heroes from Vaihall
Hiall in vain attempt to aifift snd
fupport the Gods ; for though the
latter will dcftroy their eieniei*
they will neverthelela fall along
with them : that is, in other «ordi»
in that great day all the inferior
Divinities, whether good or bad,
(hall fall in one great confliA back
again into the bofom of tbe Grand
Divinity; from whom aU things
have proceeded, as it were cmaos-
tioos of his eflence, and who will
furvivc all thing?. After this tba
world becomes a prey to flanes:
which are, however, deftined ra*
ther to purify than deftroy it|
fince it afterwards maleei its sp.
pcarance again more lovely, Bora
pleafant, more fruitful than before,
Such, in a few words, is the doc-
trine of the Kdda, when divciled
of all thofe poetical and allegorical
ornaments, which are only acci*
dental to it. One fees plainif
enough, that the poem called Vo-
LusFA hath been the text, of which
this Fable is the comment: fince
in reality the fame ideas, but ex-
pri. fled with a fuperior pompssd
Itrength, are found in that old
poem. It may perhaps afifbrd foiac
plesfure to pern(e the following ex-
tra6ls,given literally fiom thetraa-
flation of Bartholin f •

" The Giant Rymer anim
'* from the ealK carried in a cbt-
** riot: the ocean fwelts; tils
*' Great Serpent rolls himfeiffu-
** rioufly in the waters, and hfteth
** up the fea. The eagle fcreams

• Les Celtes. French.

-f Vid. Causa Cottte/nftif a Darji Mortis^ 4to. 16S9. Lib. ii. cap* <4«
to. 500,, h(tt{, I have nthcr tullowcd the Latin gf Baiiholin, than the rrepdl
VcruoB of our Author. T.

A N T I Q.U I T I E 9.

*«

tnrt the dni bodiei wtih
lorrid beak. The vclTel of
3odi ii (ei a&ou.

lie vedet comet from the
(be hott of Evil Genii X
ei by lea : Loke ii their
toddireaof. Theirfurioai
Iran advancet, efcotted by
VoIfFearis: Loke appeui
them-S

le black prince of the Genii
re {t iffuei forth from che
I, furrounded with Ritaei:
Wordt of the Gods beam
rayi like the Sod. The
I «rc Oiaken, and fall
ecet. The female GisDU
.er about ' weeping.' Men
. in crowdf the patbi of
t. The heaven u fpHt
ler. ■

w grjef for the Goddefi
defend! Odin. For Odin
acea to encounter Fenrii j
tow'whiie flayer of Bela'j
ft the ' bUck' prince of [be
i of Firef. Soon is che
e of Prigga beaten down,

en ran* Vidar, the illuf-
I fon of Odin, to avenge
nih of hii faihei. He ai-
ihe murderoni monller,
nonder born of a Giant;
Mth hit fMiord be piercea
o the heart.

" The fan it darkened: tlieret
averwhelmi the earth : ihefliia-
' ing llari vanilh out of beaven :
" the fire furioufly ragea: tl|a
" aeea draw toanend: the flame
** amending, lickt the vault of
" heaven."

Many other piecei of poetry
might be quoted to (beiv, that the
Scandiniviini had their mind* full
of all ihefe ptophecici, and that
they laid great llrefi gpon them.

[We (hall pafi by the analogy
which our Author takea piini to
trace, between the Myiholoey of
the Northern Nattoni, and tbn
Dodrine taught by Zcno and ths
Stoict, and only cive a few paf*
faget, in which he Aewi, from
fame of the Grecian and Rooiai
Writers, fo far at they have en-
tered into the fabjeft, that the re-
liEtoui opiaioQiof the Celti feen-
ed in a great meafure to coincide
with thole of the Scaadina*iani,|
He favi.

We ate, it ia troe, bnt very mo^
derately acquainted with what the
Gauli, the BHtont or the Germaaa
thought OD ihii head t bat ai thfe
little we know of their opinion*,
coincide* very eiaflly with the Bo-
da, we may fafely foppofc the fame
conformity in the other particnlara
of wbicK we are ignoranr. X^t
thofe who dnnbt thii, caft their
eye* over the following paffagn.
*• ZamiJxii"

MS hctl^. Banhollii.

aniaiihcre omltle.-l, being part of what ia quoted above in the ]vf

1761 ai alTo one or two Sauiat below. T.

■r. Ifland, orig.

Fmt. t Sc. Svaru^,

52 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

<' ZamoIxU" a celebrated Druid
" cf the Gctx and Scycbians)
** !ai!;^ht his concemporarie.s that
•* neither he nor they» nor the men
" who (hould be born hereafter,
•' were to periQi ; but were on the
*' contrary to repair, after quitting
•' this life, to a pl.ice where they
*' iliould enjoy full abuncJance and
•• plenty of every thing that was
*' good,'* Herod. L. 4. § 95.

" If we may believe you," (fays
Lucan to the Druid.c) •< the fouls
" of men do not defcend into the
*' abode of darknefs and filence,
•* nor yet into the gloomy empire
*' of Pluto : you fay that the fame
** fpirit animates the body in an-
*' other world, and that death is
*' the paiTage to a long life." Luc.
Lib. I. V.454..

••The Gauls*' (faysCscfar) " are
•• particularly afliduous to prove
•* that fouls perilh not." Cacf.
Lib. 6. cap. 14.

Valerius Maximus^ in a paHage
quoted above in my Remarks on
ihc i6:h Fable, comes Hill nearer
10 ih? doftrine of the Edda ; for
he :oii5 us that the Cehes looked
li^nii a quiet peaceable death as
j;.r.:! wrtuhcd and (]ifhonour;ible,
and that they leaped for joy at the
approach of a battle which would
a^r.>rd them opportunities of dying
w.:h their fwords in their hand?.

** Among the ancient IriOi,"
r>)^ SoJlnos, •• when a woman is
•• brought to bed cf a fon, (he
•* pr.iys to the Gods to five hi:n
*• i;j'' i;racc to die in battle." This
was to wilh falvation to the child.
JSre Solin, c. 25. p. 252.)

Thcfc authorities may foflice:
ihev do not indeed fr/ all that the
JionA does; but that m.ikrs this
V^oik fo much the mpfc valuable.

Tbc Runic Chaffer g «r the MMgU if

Odim^

THIS great conqoeror and le«
giUator of the nortbero na-
tions, to enforce his laws, aDd in-
fpire a dread and veneratioD forhii
perfon^ pretended not only to as-
extraordinary knowledge inperior
to the reft of mankind* b«t to the
moft fupernatural and wonderful
powers ; an impofition that has
been as fnccefsfnlly at generally
pra6tifed by the founders of ftates,
in all the dark ages, and all the
different parts of the world. As
he attributed to himfelf the inveo-
tion of letters, of which it is pro-
bable they had not the fmalleftidea
in Scandinavia before his lime, he
profited of that ignorance; aid
though that noble art was in itfelf
fufficiently wonderful, to attradia
the higheft degree the veneradoa
of the people towards the teacher
of it, he made it Aill more awfal
by caufing it to be regarded as the
art of magic, and by attributing
to letters the power of makin? ill
nature fubfervient, and of working
the greatcft miracle;. We fee by
the following little poem, the ex-
traordinary virtues which he attri*
butes either to letters or poetry,or
probably to a combination of both.
" Do you know, (fays he) how
" to engrave Runic characters?
how to explain them? how to
procure them ? how to prove
their virtue?*' Hethengocjon
to enumerate the wonders hecooli
perform, either by means of tbele
letters, or by the operatioos of
poetry.

" lam pofTefTed of fon^^s: foch/
" as neither the fpoufe of a king*
*' nor any fon of man can repeat s

€t

1 1

€€

A N T I CLU I T 1 E S.

9 J

it

• <

'' oneofthemiacalledtheHELPER:
** it will HELP thee at thy need, in
*' ficknefs^ grief, and all adverfi*

ties.

I know a fong, which the Tons
** of men ought to (ing, if they
" woald become (kilful phyficianf .

*' I know a fong, by . which I
'' foften and inchant the arms of
^ my enemies-; and render their
** weapons of none effecl.

*' I know a fong, which I need
** only to fing when .men have
" loaded me with bonds ; for the
■' moment I fing it» my chains fall
" io pieces, and I walk forth at
•' liberty.

"I know a fong, nfefal to all
'' mankind ; for as foon as hatred
** inflames the fons of men, the
" moment I fing it they are ap-
•• peafed.

«• I know a fong, of fuch vir-
^ tae, that were 1 caught in a
'' ftorn, I can hu(h the winds, and
>* render the air perfedkly calm.

*« When I fee, fays he, Magi-
M cians travelling through the air,
•' I difconcert them by a fingle
^ look» and force them to abandon
«' their enterprize.** He had be-
fore fpoken of thefe xrial travel-
lers.

" If I fee a man dead, and hang*
'* ing aloft on a tree, I engrave
*< Runic characters fo wonderful,
«< that the man immediately de-
" fcends and converfes with me.

'* If I will that a man fhould
'* neither fall in battle, nor perifh
'* by the fword, I fprinkle him
" over with water at the inftant
'* of his birth.

" If I will, I can expldn the
** nature of all the different fpe-
" cies of Men, of Genii, and of
*' Gods. None but the wife can
«' know all their differences.

«<

C€
€€
€«

€t
4€
€€
€t
€€

€t

" If I afpire to the love and the
favour of the chafteft virgin, I
bend the mind of the fnowy-
arnied maiden, and make her.
yield wholly to my defires,
'* f know a fecret, which I will
never lofe; ii is to render my-
felf always beloved by my mif-
trefs.

*' But I know one which I will
never impart to any female, ex-
cept my own filler, or to her
whom I hold in my arms. What-
ever is known only to one's felf,
is always of very great value,"
After this, the Author concludes
with exclamations on the beauty of
the things he has been defcribing.
Now, fays he, have I fung iit
my auguH abode, my fublime
verfes ; which are both necefTary
to the fons of men, and ufelefs
to the fons of men. BlefTed be
he who hath fung them 1 Blefled
be he who hath underflood
them! May they profit him,
** who hath retained them! BlefTed
" be they, who have lent an ear
«' to them I "

' m ■■II ■■■. I I I III — iT»

ExtraQs from the Ode of King Reg*
ner Lodhrog*

THIS Ode was dilated by the
Fanaticifm of Glory, ani-
mated by that of Religion. Reg-
ner, who was a celebrated War-
rior, Roet, and Pirate, reigned in
Denmark about the beginning of
the ninth century; after a long fe-
ries of maritime expeditions into
the mof{ diflant countries, his for-
tune at length failed him in Eng-
land. Taken prifoner in battle
by his advcrfary Ella, who was
king of a part of that ifland, he
pcriihed by the bite of Terpen t*,

with

<(

€€

«<

«<

«<

ANNUAL RBGISTERy 1776.

94

with which they had filled the
dungeon he was confined in. He
left behind him feveral Tons* who
revenged this horrible death» as
{legner himfelf had forrtold in the
following verfes. There is fome
rcafon, however, toconjedlure that
this prince did not compofe more
than one or two ftanzas of this
Poem, and that the reft were ad-
ded, after his death, by the Bard,
whofe fonftionjit wa5, according
to the cuUom of thofe times, to
add to the funeral fplendor, by
finging verfes to the praife of the
deceafed. Be that as it may, this
Ode is foond in feverkl Icelandic
Chronicles, and its verfificatioo,
language and ftile, leave us no
room to doubt of its antiquity.
Wormius has given us the text in
Runic Characters, accompanied
with a Latin Vcrfion, and large
notes in his Litoratura Runica.
Vid. p. 197. It is alfo met with
in M. Biorners's colleftion. Out
cf the twenty-nine (trophies, of
which it confifts, I have only cho-
fen the following, as being what I
thought the generality of my readers
would perufe with moft pleafure.
] have not even alviays tranflated
entire ftanzas, but have fometimes
reduced two ftanzas into one, in
prder to fpare the reader fuch paf-

fages as appeared tome onintereft)
ing and obfcore.

** Wefosghtwith r«ords,wkr^
in my early yoath, I went to*
wards the eaft to prepare a
Bloody prey for the ravcaosi
wolves : < ample food fer the
yellow-footed eagle.' Thewloli
ocean feemed as one woaadi
the ravens waded ia the biocri
of theflain.

€€

«
«t
<<
€*

€€
«

r«
<c

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<<
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t€

** We fought with fwords, ia
the day of that great fight,
wherein I ient the inhabitaoti
of Helfing to the Hall of Odis.
Thence our (hips carried as to
Ifa* : there onr fteel-potatcd
launces, reeking with gore, di«
vided the armour with a terri^
ble clang: there our fwords cleft
the fliields afunder.

<< We fought with fwords, that
day wherein I faw ten thoafand
of my foes rolling in the dot
near a promontory of England.
A dew of blorvd diilillrd from
our fwords. The arrows which
flew in fearch of the helmeti,
bellowed through the air. Ths
pleafure of chat day was equil
to that of clafping a fair virgis
in my armsf .

•• Ws

• Or the Viftula.

f 1 cannot help thinking, tbnt the Rndrr will cenfure our ingenious Au-
thor, as not having here excited his ufual good tafte in rele£Ung, men he finds
he has omitted fuch ftanzas as the following, particularly the two laft.

•« We fought with fword*, in the Northumbrian land. A furious isna
defcrndedon the ftiieMs: many a lifclrfs body fell to the earth. It wassbod
^tut time of the morning, when tire foe was compelled to |lv in the battle.
There the fword fliarply bit the polifhed helmet. The pUalure of that d^
was like kiflbg a young widow at the highcft feat of the table.**

« We fought with fwords, in the Flemmiugs land: the battle widely Hged
before king Freyr fell therein. The blue ftccl all reeking with blood, fdi^t

AN T I QJJ I T I E S.

P3

«(
u
u

tf

u

N

««

««
««

'* We fooght with fwords, that
da^ when I made to flruggle in
the twilight of death that young
chief fo prood of his Bowing
locks *, he who fpent his morn-
iogt among the young maidens;
he who loved to converfe with

the handfome widows

What is the happy portion of
the brave, but to fall in the
nidft of a fiorm of arrows f ?
He who dies from Wounds drags
a tedious miferable life : the
daftard feels no heart in hh
bofom*

■« We fooght with fwords : a
young man (hould march early
to the conflict of arms : man
flioold atuck roan or bravely
refift him* In this hath always
confifted the nobility of the war-
rior. He whoafpires tothelove
of his miftrefsodght to be daunt-
lefs in the clafli of fwords.

♦« We fought with fwords: but
now I find for certain that men
are drawn along by fate : there
are few can evade the decrees of
the D'Hinies. Could I have
thought the condufion of my

€t
€t
€€
It
«C

€t

t€

€€

tl

<(

(C

«C

i€

C(

€t

U

€*
4€

«
it
€€
tt

tt
C<

life referred for Ella, whtn aU
moil expiring, I (hed torrents or
blood ? When I thru ft forward
mv (hips in the Scottifli gulphsf
When I eained iuch abundant
fpoil for the bealts of prey t

*' We fought with fwords t t
am ftill full of joy, when t think
that a banquet is preparing for
me in the palace of the Godst
Soon, foon in the fplendid abode
of Odin, we (hall drink Bbe^
out of the ikuUs of our enemies*
A brave man fhHnks not at
death. I (hall utter nd wordi
exprcfCve of fear as I enter the
hall of Odin.

" We fought with Avords. Ah I
if my fons knew the fafferings
of their father : if they knew
that poifonous vipers tore Wii
entrails to pieces 1 with what
ardour Would they wt(h to wagis
cruel war ! For I gavje a mothef
to my children, from whom they
inherit a valiant heart.

«* We fought with fwofds : but
now I touch upon my laft tno*
men ts. A Terpen t already gnaws

length upon the golden m9itl. Many a vii'gin bewailed the daughter of that
woming."

«* Wc fought with fwords; the fpear refounded; the banners reflefted tht
:fon(hine upon the coats of mail. I law many a wurrior fall in the morning \
many an hero in. the contention of amis. Here the i'word reached betimes the
haxt of my fon : it was Egill deprived Agnar of life. He was a youth wha
never knew what it was to fear/*

«« We fought with fwofds, in the iflcs of the fouth. There Merth-ofe prOV*
cd viftoriout : there died many of my valiant warriors. In the (bower <)f
arms, Rogvaldur fell, 1 loft my fpn. In the play of arms came the deadly
/peart hit lofty creft was died with gore. The birds of prey bewailbo

JUS FALL : TH£Y LOST HIM THAT PREPARED THEM BANqt/ETS.**

Vid. Five Pieces of Run. Poet. p. 31, 32, 35, &c. T«

^ He means Herald, fumamed Harfagre, or Fairlocks, king of Norway 1
f Literally, a bail-ftorm of darts. Une grsk dt trdtu

3 «y

9$ ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

•' my heart. Soon (hall my Tons
•' black their fwords in the blood
•* of Ella : cheir rage is in flame:
•< thofe valiant youths will never
«* reft till they have avenged their
•« father.

** We fought with Avords, in
•* fifty and one battles under my
•* floating b nners. From my
" earlv youth 1 have learnt to dye
«« th;^ ItrH of my lance with blood ;
•» and thought I never could meet
« with a king m >re valiant than
«* m\ fclf. Bat it is time to ceafe :
•« Odin ha'h fent his GoddciTcs
«» to condu6l me to his palace. I
" am :J(>ing to be placed on the
«* Jiighr.lt Ic.r, ihfti to quafl^ gob-
« lets of Beer with the Gods.
«♦ The hours of my life are rolled
*« away. I will die laughing."

Ssme Jccount of fhf Arabic Manu-
Jcripts at the E/curial, ixjith a
Tra.ijlatioa ofj\me curious Pajfages
from Caiiri's Digreffion on Ara-
bic Poetry ; taken frcm Mr, Ba-
retti'/ Journey from London to
Genoa, &c.

YOU k no vv that at the Efcurial
there is a valt library, in
which, amor j>ft thouiands of valu-
able manufcripts in various lan-
guages, there IS a Iarj»tr number of
Arabic, of wl.ich the learned world
has long wiQicd for an account.

Several attcmpis have Iccn m idc
at cilFcrcnc times to gratify that
wilh ; but always in vain, until
Kint; Ferdinand, who was prode-
ceiTor to his prelcnt MMJeily, com-

manded Dr. Michael f C|/S
afTumethis ondcrtaking.

This Cafiri, a Syro-Mu
by birth, who hai long beci
King's librarian at the Efc
has at laft after many yean la
pabliflied a Tolnme fco be fbl
by feveral more) inticoled, B

OTHECA AraBICO-HiSPAV

CURIALENSI5, J^vf lihtrm
nium MSSm quos Arabic^ ah
ribus magnambartim Armho-H
compofitcs Billhtbecu c^wtii
rialenjts comple^itmr, Ricen^
flanatio optra tt ftmJio MiCH
C A s I R I , SyrO'Maromit^, Prtj
S. The^logU Doaorht He. T
Prior.

This book, jail come ont 1
prefs in this town, is a /b
about 550 pages, printed wi
bed types on ihe beft paper
the manufcripts noted dowo
amount to the number I of
arranged under twelve heads

Grawmaticim

Rhetor ici*

Poetici*

Philohgici it M^cellanti.

Lexicogrufbi.

Philojcpku

El hid et Politici.

M'-J:a\

A.i Hijloriam Naturalem

V tjeOi02:ct,

Uo^matici^ Si'ho/ajiidg M
is'c,

Crrijliani,

M iny and very curious:
nriicv* ih-it Cnfiri gives us
i{ib::..ibccj, witiih he cou!

f M. C-!:;k cills iiim Svil.

I They .tiiuAiiit to 1C50, t''OU:;;i tiu» Idt 1 i" .i; ! i^iS. Mcc chj:
made nic <h;civv, tli.it i.c cl :'s ri tl.j |*i.i. 11. i :>, iiis hy iiii:t.ik^ v
luimhcr z68, wl.en it <Ji:s;ht ?o he nuiiJ.-l t~ . :"• i'.?* ^tucciii;-.:; c'.ils
KH&TORiCi euus Willi liu t.un.bcr 26^1 ' y anvUiw. :i.t:;..;:c uiaiLai zy**

A N T I Q.U I T I E S.

97

ipilcd, were he not a Romin Friar ; and the Uft ii »
>ai Bifler of the ori- Grammalica Trili*riuj ; that is, of
s> and foU-fraagbt the Aralic. Pir/an, and T»rkijl*
t eaceafive eruditioa. tongoei, with a verlion in Laiiaia
ting a letter and not a every oppoHie page,
efbre I pafa over a But ihedivilioD thaltoofc noftof
tbofc noticei, and will my attention, it that whi^ ii ra,
ir a few. tilled pobt)ci> The maDofcripta

oatubered ander thii diviGon a.
mouQt to the number of tvn bum-
drld and inueatj-eat, of which ibir-i
'io, B»i bimdrtd and
ind the remainiog

lioa entitled ubdici

-eral Arabic verfioni

ikofHiPFocR
DioscoKioei, with ij-eni i
:ntariei by [be Ara- ^vt in quarto, i

tn, befides a number tigbty-fivt in oflavo. Yet you ara
orki by fcrcral Ara- oat to thtolc, that the whole di-
nt, amODgfl which vifion contains BQthing but poets,
was a native of Per- Cafiri hai brought nnder it both
KA, thefoo of a Per- the writeri of poetry and the wri-
at B»ibara in Ara- ters opoo poetry, cfpecially cri>
t, a naiive of Malaga tici and conmenlatora. I am verj
d Maimonide), of angry this yeiy inamEDt with mf

ilioD, born i

r this divifion. Dr.
IS (in his own Latin
ibic) (he lives of the
perfonaget, be£des
TO and AmsToTLB,
works, as it appears
otbeca, the Arabians
tranfiated, as well as
■facreitt, Galm, and

ion entitled Jd mi.

umber cui
ihofc Arabi

■n enii:lfd th«i

I codexei form ihi

ikt JUaran, wii.l
ic and Laiin, by

did not dircft me to the
Iludy of the Arabic language, that
I might go to ibe Efcurial coread
thofe two hundred and twenty-on«
volumes, or undernand at leall the
fhort fpecimeitg ontof them, which
the doflor has brought into hia
bock. How [he I^oman Arcadiana
wouM Rare to hear ine expatiate,
on my return, upon the merits of
the rub:ime poets Zabair, JiaJtl,
Mahiab, JUtlmagid, or the im-
mortal commentaiurs Mfaitd, Kba-
HI. Ahdalla, FidlsUa. and a hun-

:odex drcd oiheri \
have Several fpecimens of Arabic po-

thors etry Dr. Cajirt bat turned inio La-
tin profe ; but acknawlcdgiug up.
on a certain occafiDn, that ia his
literal verlion they appear rather
childilh than otherwife, he addt
ihcTe word! by wiy of apology.

H±c cera-Jna, Ji jtiifian JptSti,
ptracuta fuMt ; fi -jtrba, hand fa-
run ingmJe/a. Citrru -n , ut ia aiiii
lentmgit liigah, j{rabi;i i:irjiii iif
tUitrom HnguatH ctnnnrfi, ana t^m

58 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

graciam ac dulctdinem ftfuant, quam inftramenti in their liaodi, \
apud ft it domi habent : nee mirumt did when going to a nuptial
unus enim qui/que fermo qua/idam elo- would treat him with a foni
euiifinis 'utm ae legem habet plan} dinner, and point him oat c
ah ea diverfum^ qua in ceteris oh' drcn ai a pattern for im
tinet. The poet Jtaeldim (adds

In Ef(]i(h, thus: received once five choafand

*' Thefe verfes, with refpe^^ to ducats (nummi anrtij from
•« the fenciment, are very acute, Aldbaer Bihar^ king of
'* and the cxpreffion is ingenious, for two diftichs only, which
'* But it happens to Arabian pee- will add myfelf) would
<• try as to poetry in other Ian- our days fetch five-peoce it
** guages, that it lofes by tranfla- monarch living. The dii
<* tion its native grace and inelo. will tranfcribe, that you nu
** dy : nor is this to be wondered a guefs at their worth.
** at, fince every language has its Moerere me afficiaris. ^
*' own peculiar phrafcology and decrentit^ illud erit ; qMdqm
^' force of cxprcflion different from tahili dccretQftaXuium eft»fei*
•« thofe of other tongues."

To this remark, which mud be
obvious to any one who knows but
two languages well, Cajiri adds a
digreflion of his own, which he
entitles Arabica Poe/eos Specimen et
Pretium.

■ In this digreflion we are told,
thst the Arabs culi'vated poetry dillichs, be they ever fo
with the greatcd ardour: that the lent.

grest people aaiongft them, were Suffer me now to tn
mofl liberal to their great poets; fome paragraphs out of
that early in the morning of fome digrefTton on Arabic poei
Hated days, the poets of Fez ufed they contain fcveral fingi
to afTemble at the houfe of the go. which feem very curious,
vernor to recite verfcs in praife of Now the Arabs do not,
I^ahomet to a vaft concourfe of Europeans, afl eiiher tragc
people ; and that he, whole verfcs comedies : nor does any
were moil .npplauded, received a
hundred golden ducats, a rich
robe, a fine horf", and a pretty
maiden, 'i'he red of the poets had
but ahy ducats a piece; that in
more remote ages, ^-rc .t (kill in
pretrv intitlcd to nobilitv ; that
when any poet endowed with un-
common powers cme to a town,
the women belonging to this and
that tribe, would go to meet him
with tiinbreli and other maiical

Ai inter metum et quieteu
mento res componiimr^ ei 1
hoc facile reddetnr.

I fuppofe that in the (
Arabic, the two diftichs a:
fine ; yet modern fovereigo
better the vdlue of five tl
ducats than to bellow ihei

inform us, that they h^ve
fuch poems : we have ho«
our library one or two c
written in Arabic. Then
in their poetry amy inter
of Grecian my:h'>:o;ry ; i
hold in the utmofl abhorn
names as well as the woi
heathen deities. They ha*
ever fables of their own,
to their o^vn genius and r
Th(7 extol the virtues of

A N T I Q,U I T 1 E S.

9»

efebrtM their aichierementi ioterroptedljr,] having it* two firft
fUfBcd perroniges, I'hej confonants mwti, and ici laft ^m-
h agijnft vicr, and fityrize r/f»<.' the rourcl) Toot tj called ihe
iimh of iDannerii and in diijiintdftaki. in which a qaie'ctn
ecinaf poetry theji have had letter lUnds between two otnrri,
writeri who hare emineatl^ e.ich or which ii moved (that ii,
cd. pronounced with a vowel,]

Ofthele feet the parts of their

verfe are cotnpofcd, the chorda

and the Aakcs following each o-

ther alternately, from (he different

. of which their po-

bic poetry therefore, like
n other languagei, is con.
ocerta'' law* ofmeire;
of • peculiar kind, ai
lljr appear. There arc to b»
in Arabic almoS all thore>
of poetry which we have re-
from the Greeki and the
If namely, idylliumt, ele-
rpigriRii, ode*, faiiret, &c.
tch tkken together, pafi uti-
le general title of Divan;
to fay, AcaJtmica

diifereni drno-
minationi. Mc^iricil quantity, or
meafure, the Arablani denote by
the r.illowing technical trrmt.
MosTAFELoit, which denote* a
feri.s of thr-e f.ct; mmely, a
llgbi eburJ, a diijaimi ft^ikt, and
light thard: Faelaton

title the writing) of their by which they u-iderlland like.

■reufually infcribed. ^^. .i __ ^ ,

i Arabianicall their poetry
11, the metrical part of ir)
! word Srbtrr; that i>, hair
mir-^in,) and compaie iti
irc to the SruAiire of a tcMit
of goiti.hair (or goati-lkin]
:oinpaf)ed with chord) and
; for which reafon a verfe ii

Bail (a i=/yi.) a! being i
ire of finilhcJ metre, and a>
e, a complete bi^ilding.
Arabi: Tcrfe confiili of long

lort fylhble'. out of which The menfor-ition ih-
form four feet, t!ic fjril of quantity of the Aiabic

ia called xh: It^hi ,hcrJ,\,c- filh in nothin? but in
ade op of two lylUbiei. on<
the other Ihort ; or, nt iht
aa« expreft it, a cunbnaiii

infonint ,v.V/va/.- Rhyikmi.al. The forji.cr (onfifti

fe three feet ; firll a light chord,
fecindly a (njeiiitd Jl.iii, and l.ift-
\j A light ebard. Faui.os, which
denote! a cnmbinatiin of two feel
only, the firit of which ii a »>•
joSnidftaki, the other a light cberd;
MoTAFAtLOM, which denote*
three feet; t gravt third, a light
ehard, and a et'ijoinid jlnkt ; Mo-
TAPAILATON, by whith are un-
diTllood thiee feet in a fetiei;
namrly, a ccyoiMtJ ft^-ie, a graf*
ch:rd. and a li"hi chcrJ.

fore, and

iJ aliernate nuttiDcr cf
indq'-iefce:itconia: ant< :

tAOfllld, jl/,/,

e htaxj ot ^lii

coad fcot

.*e) chord.

J which arc m-'.-cd (that is, tt'

I vowel anretrj tu ihetii not in

nt, but pt.aounccd) : the ii.

font i* c-iilej the ccrjiimJ al

p.oceeding fmoo-.hly ^nd un- &i

! feci o»!y;
e>;ular iiotn^

: lal

;. a'ld fooietimc* (uccelSve i but
H t only

loo ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

only in fuch poems as confift of
snore than feven verfes.

Each verfe confifts of two hemi-
IlickSy which taken together make
up one in tire verfe. Either of the
two he mi (ticks is called a door or
gate ; both put together^ a bi*vahe
or slcuhli £afe, by a metaphor
taken from a eateway, \\hich is
(hut on each Ude by a valvi or
JoUing dcor.

The former part of the hemi-
fiicky they call the * acctfs (or ap-
proach ; the latter the propcfincn ;
the lad fyllable of the latter he-
ninicky which gives the rhyme,
they call the ful/ation (or knocks
ing.

From the different order and
pofition of the chords and Aakes,
arife fifteen kinds of verfes » which
are comprifed in £ve periods or
circles.

The (irft circle, which is Riled
VARIOUS (or 'variegated) com pre-
licnds three kinds of verfes, the
long, the extended, and the expand*
ed; which confill of ten long fyl-
iables and four fliort ones, or of
fourteen mo*ved and ten quie^\ent :

where it mud be obferved, M
thefe three kinds are diftiisvfcil
from each otbert not on accMM
of the ereater or left qottticf rf
their fylTableti but nie'clf oa »
count of the letters either
quiefcent, which accordingly
ranked in different degrees.

The fccond circle is flilcd Ai
COMPOSITE, under •hichareoi"
tained two kinds of verfes, thc/ir-
fed and the copious. Each kasi^
teen letters that are msvedt uJ fa
quiefcent, placed in a difeitil
order: the neafure of the iit
kind is motapaaloh rrpcflri
fix times ; the meafure of the ad|ff

is MOFAALATOK, wMch Ukcvlfe

is fix times fucccffively repcani

The third circle it called siHl-
LAR ; to «vhich belong three kiidl
of poems^ the ede {or JoMg,) ikl
/itjr, and the idjilium (or (hortff
kind of poem), each of which CM-
tains twelve confonants that at
moied, and eight mmse/cewt.

The fourth circle is called ik
coKTRACTBO ; Under which ait
comprifed fix pieces of verfe; tki
quick, the t ^acsdatorj (or ii^ft^

1

• As the Arah!:inv ilwelt in tc:U-', we are not P.^rprijcd at their takic; te
n^eia^hurs from ob/'wCis :iLjnt wliich iluy vs»ic lo fiequendv CTrj«hTfili >»*
applying tlicni lo v Imt Mllrcii calls th- hmUi'.^ j lerj'e. The w.-nl remlc*^
by Ca I'll I -Vt !>////, i^ ti.:nll:iteil byC;(.!lvi«; in liis Ai-'hc Lexicon ixterm feel
f cSioih , /■: V th-jrax. It may \ ^ i y wi- 1 1 t h 1 1\ I ori ti i;ii i 1 y 1 he ajsteri t f^ '*
por.h of the tent. Thtr ntxi vwi-i Prvjf-ji'io\s i.u.ic OLicurfiy expieflcd. T^
oiij;iml U cltiii,vl fi-m a w,m I I'iriTtyin*; t-t rff.r or frrfent any ihinji ifo *
U ii-anllaicil hy CI- ■:■■• /-.'/.v/ temni, A% im;^ /•/;/,'..■ t:.:torii was the xrt'^
ci- thrdholil « i ihc ..:v, i.;:l i.--tli"n:ing ill!! b-ru'c j.ni entered tlit i-*.T«
|jiirt, hei.rc I c.ii'v;.. k :^„]^ ;;., n.imc, ;■..-.! ;:t:ti\vji.l» became a tccVaiol
l-im in niitrr. V.ji t... woiJ .'\hMo Cwnv..* no lu.ii iicj, as fir a* 1 c»»

•f Tlio tlr f'r': ..n 1 \\\t:\:A uf thtf^- f. . r.o- ?-. toi.vc in the ori::'*nil to*
nnily fhr i.'i^r ii!c;:. 1 !.^y .tr<- v.vi h h :,.;i viir; thu *]■.=. k, impctuiAii, Jfl
Ju'.ipt no:ii.n ul' tn ^niin<il, I'uch as a \, rW. it- ipinf:, or :i liju: tK>iindin^ in t3
Cv':i: . I \\\\:X impetHQtu wo"M hr 1 b( ri t] jii/l.viou of #'tj^.w liun »•''*

A N T I Q.U I T I E S. lot

IM<t UteJlmjUr, ther«a- fice coacerniog the Arabic poetiy,

lait aavml/tJ {or min/i), ai far ai relitei to my prefent

which Coafiftt or twelve porpore : He who ti curtoui

that are m»vtJ, and nine eoangh to defire rarcher iDfenna-
tion opon thii ariicle, may coo-

Efth circle u called the fult (among othenwha have treat-

OANT, to which one kind ed thii fubjefl \a Latin) Fmibtr

tmXy belongi, ftiled the Pbilif Gnadagn^i, inaworkpob-

; ihia ti made op of cwelve liflied at Rome in Latin and Ara-

lu tlut are mtvtJ, and fe- bic in ih^ year i6^a, intituled Iw-

itmt, fiiluiia*! eflbt Arabic language. In

efe fifteen Iciadt of verfei >hii bocik Guadagnoli hai ren*

CDBneraied, other* add a dered into Latin the whole fyften

I. which they call (he dtw of Arabic metre, whilll Dbialdim,

^Dhuittit, in which each furnamed Alkhaarajvai, by birth

kendi wiiharhyme. Tfaii a Spaniard, (he firft orpocii, has

it objeflofconteniioa with given us in moft elegant verfe : at

biaa poetj, and it what the end of which treatife we ara

Gam are moch delighted alfo prefeDled wi(h vationa fpcci-

mens of Arabic poetry.
Arabic poetry ii not fa I hope thii long quoiitioa fcon

oily obfervan( of thefe Caliri'i work wiJl prove accepta.

It that their wriieri may ble, ^a i[ give) an idea of Arabic

timei at liberry either to profody, which >> « thing not

etrencti a fyllable or two : eaAly got at in booki. But ii it

y, when either a weighty not furprizing, thu a nation fo

y fentence, or aa epipho- fond of poetry, a* the Arab* feen

rapoigoancand acute Ten. to have been, and poiTefied oDceof

temi 10 require it: and li- large traAtof land in three pjrKof

fthiikindoftenoccur both the world, (honld never think of

treek and Iiatin poett of having theatrical eahibitiom, and

repute, neither write tragediei nor Come*

iddttion of one or more diei ? What difference beiweea

in a vetle the Arabian! nations and oaiioni !

the word Tarfhil, the

y the word Prujfbtfii ; in

Ihe veifc, when enlarged Urifi if ibt Anntnt French ; frtm

foot, changei the cpfma WciXy'i New Ui^*rj«f?Tiait.

M into ihAt o{ mala/aala-

! abridging or dropping O ^ GR BERT wajbi'- - .

lei at liic end is called by ^ ried in Si. Medard'* ■^"■J?-''

ilnans Aibrtm, by the church, at Saiflnn<, wh>;re hi) Ila-

tfhartfn; and let thii fuf- tue ii ftiU (cenin long clothes wikli

d tArafI* belter woi J than turvuIjiJ. Tliey idjlc to iliomelre aud
rubjeft-miltcr ui' comporulon.

The auchor of iliis bout owe* this and the foregoing nrie, 4S «■- 11 st
I part of the Englilh iraDlbcion of tint long pair,ige, to the tcaruci
clcTi profelTer ot poeny at Oxford.

H 3 tha

104 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

own famiifi were h dofe M II
(hew all the deltcaqr of their ftap^
and cfeme up ib high as to cont
their whole breaftt np to tbeaeck.
The habit of widows had ntf
much of that of our Doni. It wu
not till under Charles VL that they
began to expofe their iuKildcni
Thegallan try of Charles theVlItk*!
court brought in the ofe of bracSi
lets, necklaces, and ear-risn
Queen Anne de Bretagne dcfpU
thofe trinkets; and Catbaiiaedi
Medicis made it her whole b«|Mft
invent new. Caprice, vtii^*

to

Oau/e in tbi Salic Lmo ; fimh

Jfimt.

the mantle which the Romans
called r^AiiMr^/. This was the drefs
of Clevis's children, whethrr as
more noble and majeftic, or that
they looked on the titleof Auguftus
as hereditary in their family. How-
ever it be, long clothes were for
feveral ages the drefs of perfons of
diftin£lion>. with a border of fa-
ble, ermin, or miniver. Under
Charles V. it wasemblazoned with
all the pieces of the coat of arms.
At that time, neither ruffs, collars,
nor bands were known, being in-
troduced by Henry II. Till his

time the neck of our kings was luxury, and coqaetry^ have a
always quite bare, except Charles length brought theaa to thdr pi^
the Wife^ who is every where re- fent enormity.

prefenced with an ermtn collar. _

The fhort drefs anciently worn

only in the country and the camp,

came to be the general fafhion

under Lewis XI. but was laid a(ide

ttnder Lfwis XII. Francis J. re- A UT H A RI S, king -

vived it, wiih the improvement of /\ of Lombardy, in- '"

flaflies. The favourite drefs of doced Garirabaldas, dnke of It*

Henry II. and his children, was a varia, to (hake oflF the Anftraftt*

tight, clofe doublet, with trunk

hofe, and a cloak fcarce reaching

to the waift.

The drefs of the French ladies,

it may be fuppofed, had likewife

its revolutions. Th^y feem, for

near nine hundred years, not to

have been much taken up with or-
naments. Nothing could require

lefs time or nicety than their head-

drefs, and the difpofition of their

hair. Every part of their linen

was quite plain, but at the fame

time extremely fine. Laces were

long. unknown. Their gowns> on her furmife by the warmth

the right fide of which was em- which this prince kifled thehsrii

broidered their hufbands* coat of which had the honour of toacm

arms, and on the left that of their her. This paffage bringi to vW

yoke ; and to attach him the
firmly to his intereft, afcedlh
daughter Theodolinda in marrii|^
It is faid that he himfelf weal ri
difgui fe with his ambalTadors. Tkt
princefs, according to thecalo*
of the people over whom Ihcvtt
foon to reign, presented the goM
to the envoys; Authans, ia ff*
tyrning it, fqueezed her \aak%\
prefumption which potherwdt
blufh ; (he fufpeded it could teM
other than the king of Lombirif
himfelf, and (he was confirndii

rain, which, with its dependencicsi formed a coniidcrable kiflfto*
9 •*

A N T I Q,U I T I E S. 103

itnificeefthi 5«/»Uw*. indiflblable thui mamftge. The
f^atntt tbt band »f M _frtt civil law aaifaorizcd it when, by
A*tf paj » j&M tf fi/'ittm the Romaa laws, the want of por-
b, tioD or hinh in [he woman, pro.

hibiied her bein^ married with
perfoni of a certain rank. Now,
though a concubine did not rnjoy
the fame confiderationio thefamily
ai a wife of equal coodition, yrt
was it a name of horoar very dif-
eund]', fercQt from that of roiltref*i and
cAed of her chrildren, according lo the an-
death, cientcuflom of the Fnnci, were,
with the Father's approbation, not
left qualiiird. to inhrrir. Th*
WeHern church, for fcveral centu-
ries, held thia kind of alliance en-
tirely lawful. The firft council of
Toledo expredy decides, A mint it

bt mJxif^ Chundoo ;/r«av
,b,J,m,.

A Wife of Gontraa,
kingof Burj^undy,
aft BameDt], reqi
>at iwophyficiani
ledicinei (he pretended had
J fo

•Dtfe it,and had the cruehy
hi* word. The fame king
ne day a wild bull newly
be caufed the ringerof the

be apprehended, who laid ta ha-ut but am •viift tr ant cfentiitt
:hanberlain of the king's et hii ifiiaa. St. ifidore of Seville,
Cbuodon, and he denied the council of Rome under Ea-
. The king ordered ihe gene II. another held in the fame

to be decided by combai
-ty accufrd being aged and
be put in bis Head ooe of
ews who mortally

city

Leo IV. {ptik to the
'pofe. Ifihefe marriages

came to be abolilbed, it was
on account of any intrinlic ille-
gality, efpecially when the engage.
ment was leal and for ever, but
on account of theRumberlefaaburea
arifing from the want of the cano-
iin, nical folemnjliei. It was likewife
be for this reafon that the Roman
the laws, though legitimating the iffue
what thofe bar- by fuch union, excludc>i (hem from
times called a regard to the right of fucceflion.

erfary's poniard, T
id's death being con^dei
riflion of the cbamberla
tarch ordered hi
and he

Ii

ill a

. that

and dev

elo.

tor pieiy

Sregory de Toui

Iran, he Ihould add. r^^r

turttiiit mamfj I'lHtr/inJa,

wonder vaniflies on rcflea.
coocubinagr, which bow-
famous it became nTcer-
wai Ihi-n a legal union ;
lefa foiemn, was not lefs

• Lex Salic, tit. ».

Jdvamtagii •which Frarce dtri-ved
fram tbi aHlitnl Miaks ; fnm it*

AMONGo;her .J- ,

to the government from fo many

piout foundations, it is lo tho Ikill

and induftry of the reclufei ih^it

H + l-VaDcc

i64 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

France owes a great part of its pre*
feDt fertility. It had beea fre-
quently ravaged by the incurfions
of the Barbarians ; the eye every
where met with waftet^ forefts,
heaths, moorst and narlhes, that
bequeathing td the monks eftates
of no produce was thought but a
very fmall matter, accordingly they
had as mbch land given them as
they could cultivate. Thefe wor-
thy folitaries, far from devoting
themfelves to God, with a view
of living in idleneis, grubbed up
and cleared the land, drained ,
fowed, planted, and built, fo that
thffe weary waHes foon became
plcafant and fruitful traAs. So
opulent were fome abbics, that
they could raife a little army ; and
on this account the abbots were
afterwards fuoimoned to the afiem-
blies in the March FiM

State ofTradi in the Sth and yh
Centuries i from the fame,

THERE was a fettled trade
betv^een England and France,
till Charlemain, offended at the
prefumption ofOiFa, king of the
Mercians, prohibited all manner
of dealing between the two na-
tions ; and it was not till two years
after, that ic returned into its
former channel. In thefe times,
fcarctf any oiher trade was known
than that carried on in mnrliets
Of fails; thefe were almolt the
ofllv places for providing one's
felf with necelfaries. Artificers
and dealers lived apart difperfed in
the country ; the towns were chiefly
inhabited by the clergy and fome
handicraftfrnen, with few or no
monks or nuns, the r?.r greater
part of the ir.onallcries being either
ia the open. ccuncri?:> or ;hc ncigh-

boorhood of the ddei. The M«
bility lived on their cftatei, or lu
tended on the coort. The fm
people were fofar under chcir kird*i
power, ai not to quit the pliceof
their birth without his leave; tbi
villain was annexed to the ete,
and the fiave to the matter's hodi
or land. Such a difperfioowM
little promotive of trade, which
loves large and policed tomnau-
ties ; and it was to remedy this ii^
cnnvenieoce that our kings eli-
blifhed fo many fairs. One of tkl
moil famous, was that of St DeDsis,
traders refortiugto it not only froa
all parts of France, but from ?t\tU
land. Saxony, England, SpaiOf
and Italy. We find, however, thit
in more diUantaget, trade wu doc
abfolutely confined to ihofe nir-
keis alone, or to European fo-
reigners. The city of Aries, under
the ht^ reigns of the Mtrr.vingiaoi,
was in great repute for its mario-
failures, its embroideries^ and gold
and filver inlaid works, and like
Narbonne and Marfeillei, fre«
qurnted by (hips from the Levant
and Africa ; bur this profperitf
gradually funk under the devafla-
tions of continual wars, the A'u-
tics and Africans no longer comtn{
to oar ports. Such however is the
force of original and innate difpo-
fitions, that Narbonne, Aries, tnd
Marfeilles, ftill retain that cooi-
mercial and naval genius which
had made them the llaple s of the
univerfe under the Carlovingiani.
They kept a certain number of
(hips trading to Cooftaniinopk,
Genoa and Pifa, and Alexandria.
Lewis the Graeieus granted a chirtff
to a body of merchants without
any o^her acknowledgment or ob*
ligation than to come once a jtn
and account with his exchequer.

Th«

A N T I <i_U J T I E S.

! FrcBcli appear to have little
ibemfclvei in trade under
to firfl ncei of oar kin|9,
f it almoft entirrly to fo-
n. Spait) fiirnilhcd th«in
torfn and amlei ; FritRtnd,
wty.coloaicd mantles, upper
ntt furred with macttn, otter,
itflciD i Englind, with grain,
in, lead, leather, and bound t;
aft and Africa, with drugi,
Ste vinei, and Egyptian pa-
he onlr fort vkd in Frjnce
r eletreDth ecniury, and olive,
rhich at that time wai fa
in our climate*, thai at a
il held at Aix la Chapelle,
■ were permicEed n> ufe bacon
If foreigner) imported only
on good* to France, itt ex-
vere anfwerable, conlifting
f of poiters w:irf, brafcry,
bo&ey, madder, and fait.

«w »/ tit trU «»J Satin rf
MMU iigti i/rim lb, /am,,

ica A ^°^"^ '•'" *'■"<
' J\ died one of thofe
knighti againft whom the

the leatl reproach; a poet
revered him, ccnpofed the
ytic on hi. virtues, which, on
bei band, nai a fevere f«tire
rat perfonagei, and bring a
both of the Hit and of the
■t ot thofe linier, it may not
acceptable: here ii follow]
literal plainncf. : •' In this
I lay I will lament Blacus.
ell indeed may I lamrni his
The moll cordiil friciid !
lon worthy lurti ! u.ith hioi
e viriuei have taken their
Thit it fuch at) aAiClivc

toj

Hroke that I do not know any ci*
pedieni for the vafl lof', but t«
take that Doble hcut of hit, and
fhaie ic amon^ ihefc barons, wh*
have none, and they will ban
heart fuBiirient. The fiifl piec*
fhould be catcD by the emperor of
Rome, if he ii for recAnring ihoft
lindi wbicb the Milanefe ha*«
wreiled from him, in fpite of all
his bulky G»roan9 could do. We
would likewife counfel the illaf-
trioui king of France to paitakc
ofii, that he m>y retrieve Caftile.
which he is fo Gllily loafing) but
ftiould his good mother know it^
he won't touch it; for all ihel»orl«
fees whit ■ dutiful child be it, hotr
very obedient to all Ihe fays, never
doing any thing that may difpleafe
her. Kinn of England, eat tbo>
a lullygnli, for no heart hall ibou*
and then thou wilt be an hero, and
regain thofe pmvincei which, ff
upon thy cowardice and negli.
gence! thoa halt Ihamefully iuf.
fered to fall into the French baodt.
The king of Caftile fhould eat
two Jhare*, havii)| two kiogdoni,
and not capable fo much ai to go-
vern one ; Dut when he is for eat-
irg, let him too get out of bti
mothei'i liglt; (hould it rome tA
her ear), (he would give hitn a
found wur:ni''g. 1 would have the
king of Arrjgon n(>t to be foaring
cf this animating heart ; he hal
Iivobiols on hiiefcutcheon, one got
.-It Marfeiilcf, and the other at
Milan, and mil ii the only way to
make all cle<n and bright again.
The king of Navarre fliall not go
without 3 gooJ hit ; for by what %
hear, he uii be:trr thought of wtaca
3 Count, ihm now on the throne,
loi^hiiih he has been io fortunately
r^iA'd. A fjd thine indeed ! wbei
thejr nfaon God an exalieJ are
btought

io6 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

brought low by their bafe want of
courage. The count de Touloufc,
snufl think tha: he has no fmall
need of i(» if he pleafcd to call
to mind what he has been, and
what he is now; and he (hould
eat it with a good will, for his
own heart is known to be fuch a
poor thing, that it will never help
him to recover his lolTes.*'

jf Dijftrtation en jGduia, the Idol 9/
Saxony t and of tht Murcbe. By
M. Kufttr.

T OTHARIO, duke of Saxony,
M A being at war with the emperor
Henry V. gave him battle in the
year 1115, near Gerbftadr, in the
county ot Mansfeldt, defeated him,
and killed him 45,000 men. To per-
petuate the memory of his vidory,
Lotharip caufed a ilatue to be ere^.
cd in the £gure of a man, in the
habiliments of war, holding in his
right hand a ceilus, and having on
his left arm a buckler, on which
were the arms of Saxonv, viz. a
white horfeon a red ihield. This
ilatue being a monument of his
vidory as owing to the divine af-
£ftance, which was moil probably
expreflVd in Latin or Italian, the
Ignorant and fuperlliiious vulgar
took the Latin v/oT^aifjuiorium, or
the Italian (jutc^ for a proprr name,
and the ilatue for that of ihe faint
whofe name it was and maiie of
if, S:. Joduta, or Jcdutte, and by
corruption 7,fduttt, Z,tduck, and
Cedht'.e, Among o:hcr virtues
afcribcd to it^ is that of curing the
ircih-ach, by tuking a little bit of
the woody and holding it in the

month. Thii pretemled (aiat ii
alfo held in veneration in miij
other parts of Germany > keaci
there Is a v cigar proverb in Wei-
phalia, Til btat jou^ till ymt imnk
Jf,dniba.

There was another ftatoe of Ji-
dutba near Writaea on the Oocr,
in the Middle Marcbe; iraveUm
ufually (topped to worlhip ic« aid
to beg its afltllance on account af
the bad roads into which they wen
entering ; in particular, the Sain
was defired to take the horfes oadcr
his prctedlion, left the driversy
through their brutality^or waatiag
to drive them too hard« fliovid do
them a mifchief. Adam SpcaglOj
infpeflor of Writzen, caufed ikii
flatuc, in the laft century, 10 bt
thrown into the rii'er, where it vai
fwallowed up. Oor author fin^
other traces of Joduiba at Mv*
bourg, Bremen, &j. This luUu
or Latin name, tranflated in:oGcr-
man, was alfo given, by way of
imitation, to other flacues, or iaia>
ges of Saints and Saintefles. Char.
lemagne built a church in Well-
phalia, in the year 785, to wbick
he ^ave the name of Sa\t Haffi,
or Holy AJJiftantt, In anoibcr
church in Holllcin was a cbaliie,
on which our Saviour fixed to (be
crofs, had at his feet his moiher
and Sr. John^ uith this inlcrip-
lion, 5/. Uuiptf fray f^r jii. is
thr iamc place wa& a wooden image,
which the people of the place caiM
o/. Ilulfe, and there was a hole is
(he \v;»i}, to which they gave tke
n:in-e of i^ant hulptn Kluui^ or Si»
Hul;^u'j Ntcb, in which prcbably
there had been an image of tse

rir^in.

JmcJtU

A K T I CLU I T I E Si 107

■^Shait/^ari,nnitr frimiJ Tpeare did not take this tatlce in
iMhhWtrh. good forte; bui johnfon put a»

end to the Hrife with witiylye re.
f«rd At!eyn, the Garrick of mirkinge, « Thii afFaire needeih
labefpeare's time, had bren no cootcncionr ; you Dale it Uom
moftfriendly fuotin; with Ned, no double; do not marve):

well M Brr J'hnror
frd fre<jaenil)' to fp n ' '

.ftl.-

ihe lisi

H^

jbe, foni'

where I lie Play-houfe ihen
The AOriii nerd not be lold,
r convivial honri of fuch a

rate muft he ptrallng 3)
pro6:rble, and may truly

to bf fu.-h pIrsfOtC* 31

bear the refltfllon; of the
5 In confequence tjfi;

you not feea bim aft tjBia
no. numbef?"
Believe me moll ryncerilie.
Yours,

G. PEEL."

As Mr. Alleyn is a thiraflcr, at
pTcrenl, little known in the the-
niric.il world, though we need not
fjbjoin any other teftimony to hit
merJN ihjn the above compliment
from fuch a judge a> Ben Johnfon,
we (h^ll, however, beg leave W
add (hy way of (hewing it waa im
frienoly parliatity) the opinions <f
two Gcnilemen, whofe cftablilhed
literary ch^rafteri are too well
known to doubt their compliment*
ing at the expcnce of their gcnin
and fincerity.

Dr. Fuller in his Worthiet fays,
tche, and the Cookerie book " that Alleyn made any pan, efpe-
umyfed, may be feme bye cially a roajeQic one, become him."
.D^I never longed for thy And Sir Richard Baker, who waa
ly more than lalt night 1 we a cotemporary of his, call) him
I very merrye at ;be Globe, and Burbage " the beft aAors of

urtime;" adding, "whatPhya

*freeverfopIfaring,a> when their
arts had the greaiell pari/'-^And
n hii Chrorricle we find him once
note joining Alleyn with Burbage
in the following encomium : "They
were two fuch sflors, as no air4
road ever look :o lee the like."

va< wruien by G. Peel, :
of Chriil Church CcTlrge,
. andaDr.maiicPoe
kI to the club, to oneMarle,
naie of hii.

Friend Mai
moA defyre that i

,y Syfter

4cd Alleyn did not fcmple
nepleafauntclv toihy friende
hat he had Aolen his Tpeechc
he qualilyes of an Aflor'i
ocye in Hamlet hyi Traje-
'om converfation* manyfold
had pallH betweene them,
pinyoni given by Alleyn
ige (he fubjefle— Shake-

loS ANNUAL REGISTER, 17;%

USEFUL PROJEC:

A Letter frem Mr. J. Moult to Dr.
Percival, fl/"Mancheftcr, F. R. S.
€09taining a neiAf Manner of pre-'
paring Salef.

[ Read Jannary 12, 1769. ]

SIR,

AS the fpecimen of Salep,
which I left you fome time
ago. meets with your approbation,
fo far as to think it deferving to be
laid before the Royal Society, I
now fend you my method of curing
the common Orchis roots of our
own country, fo as perfedly to re*
lemble what comes to os from
Turky* And if the communica-
tion be of any public utility, I
Ihall think myfelr fufficiently gra-
tified for the trouble I have had in
profecuiing the experiments necef-
fary thereto.

The roots I have hitherto made
afe of, are thofe of the orchis morio
mas foliis maculatis of Parkinfon,
the ejHc/orcbis morio mas of Gerard,
and the cy no/orchis major ^ *vulgo
dog- Hones: though, from a fpeci-
men of the orchis palmata major mas
of Gerard, which you have among
the Salcp, thatroot likewife appears
capable of being made to anfwcr
the fame purpofes as the others.
1*he fell time to gather the roots
is when the feed is formed, and
the ftalk going to fall ; for then
the new bulb^ of which the Salep

is made, is arrived to ict (
and may be known from
one, whofe ilrength 11 ch
by the preceding germiai
a white bud rifing from tl
it, which is the germ of I
of the fucceeding year. '
root, being feparated £
ilalk, is to be waflied 11
and a fine thin (kin, that x
to be taken ofiF with a fmi
or, by dipping in hot
will come off with a coa
cloth.

When a fufRcient qa«
the roots is thus cleaned,
to be fpread on a tin plan
into an oven, heated to tl
of a bread oven, where th
remain fix, eight, or ten
in which time they will
their milky whitenefs, :
acquired a tranfparency
of horn, but without bei
nifhed in fize. When the
rived at this Aate, they
removed to another roo
and harden, which will fa
a few days ; or they may I
in a very flow h^at, in a f<
I have tried both ways
ccfs.

The orchis's above- r
grow fpontaneoufly in th
the country, and throu£
whole kingdom. The
bsH in a dry, f^ndy, ba
As the me:hod of curing

USEFUL PROJECTS.

io»

f, I hope it will encourage
.ivatiOQ of fo nutriiioui >
le, fo 11 to reduce ic from
nt high price, which con-

lo people of fortune, to
nodente ai woold bring it
amon ufe, like other kinds
or flour I and To become a
) addition lo our prefent
itib)c*f ill quality of thick-
'ater being to that of fine
tarlj » 2^ to I, with ihii
ce, that the j:tly of Salep.

i* clear and tranfparent,
i that of flour is turbid and

III Aonid find you in the
nttimenti refpeAiog it, I
* liberty to nake ufe of it
■gly.

And am.
With all refpea,
lor very humble ferraat,
le, Nov.
768.

J. Moult.

■«■»/ af an Oil, irtmfmilttd
ir, George Brownrifrg, tf
h Carolina. St William
Tod, M. D.Jt.S.'S.

tc*d Dccetnber 14, 1769.]

7i lit Rival Sacirj.

TttUEN,

IE application of natural
prodnflions 10 the benefit of

id, hM aUvays been an ch-
our excellent ir.lliiijiinn ;
Jeavours ta e.ttenJ i!ir uij.
fubltanccs alf.-ady very i;l)-
known, fisi- aiwavi met
)-j a ftvaurible .'eccpiion.

It ii with (hii view, that I Hj
before you fume podi of a vcge>
table, and (be oil prefled from their
conietiti. They were fent fron
Edfnton, in North Carolina, by
Mr. GeorgcBrownrigg, whofc bro>
ther. Dr. Broworigg, ii a worthjr
metnber of onr iociety ; and are
the produce of a plant well known,
and much cultivated, in the foath-
ern colonies, and io our American
fugar iQandi, where they are called
grnund out*, or ground peaf*.
They are originally, it iiprefumed,
of tiSc growth of Africa, and
brought from thence by the nc-
groes.'who ufe them as food, both
f«w and roafted, and are very fan4
of them. They are therefore cul-
tivated by them in the little parceh
of land fet apart for ihrir ufe bj
their roafterf. By thefe means,
this phot bai extended itfelf, not
only to our warmer American fet-
llements, but it ii cultivated in
Surinam. Brafil, and Peru.

The plant, »Mchproduc« thelir,
ha! been mentioned, and defcribed,
by the botanical writeri of the
later times. Riy, in hit Hiflory
of Plants, calls it A.-achi, Htfogai,,,
Jmirieatmi. It is the Arachtdna
^M^nfoUa vUhfA of Plumier. Sir
Hani tiioanr. in his hillory of ja.
miica, calli it Arechl.ha /.rf:>
utnafque l.:.-i^plylla. Piio and Ma<
r^igia.ic b,<!ii aentiuo it among
the Brafilian planli. under th«
Dj(ne of ji/iiMft'ei/
condituted a genn
of which onk-o
known, un'ier N
narnc of .^rW/i

Tl.is pUni, t..';dhcrwi:havr.y
fe-.v Ot the trifo) itc ttilic. hjs -Am
|.roperty of liiir)iiig i:i f::d: undjr
grciind, whith it c:. ci in i:„; lol-
lowing manner: a; fcco s* ih^

Linnxu* hat
ins of thif pl.iot,
efpcces is as yet
r. Ray'igencrtcal

no ANNUAL. REGISTER, 1770.

plant is in flower, its flower is bent
towards the ground until it touches
it. The pointal of the flower is
then thruii into the ground to a
fuflicient depth, where it extends
itfelf, and forms the feed-veflel and
fruit, which is brought to maturity
voder ground, from whence it is
diifr up for ufe.

membrance of procuring oil fm
thefe feeds. It is obtaiaed. by iii
bruifing che feeds very well, ud
afterwards preffing them in caani
bags, as is ufual in procariag oil
from almonds or linfred.

To have the oil in the beft nu-
ner, no heat ihouid be ufed. Tfet
heating the cheeks of the prefs ii-

This plant, which is a native of creafes the quantity of che oil. bat
warm climates, will not bear being leflens its goodnefi, where ic mif

cultivated to -advantage in Great-
Britain, or in the northern colo-
nies ; but, according to Mr. Brown-
rigg, in fouthern climates its prO'
duce is prodigioDs; and what adds
to its value is^ that rich land is not
ncceffary for its cultivation, as
light fandy land, of fmall value,
will produce vail crops of it. Be-

be intended to be ufed as food, or
as a medicine. For other purpofcs,
the larger quantity of oil, Qbciicel
by heat, will an fwer equally well
Neither the feeds nor oil are ipc
to become rancid by keeping ; ssd
as a proof of this, the oil bthn
you, which was feni from Caroliu
in April lalt ; and, without WBf

fides what the negroes cultivate for particular care, has undergone tkf
their own ufe, fome planters raife heats of laft fummrr, is yet per

a confiderable quantity of it, for
the feeding of fwine and poultry,
which are very fond of the ground
psafe; and, when they are per-
mitted to eat freely of them, foon
become fat.

Mr. Brown rigg, from whom, as
I before mentioned, I received the
oil, confiders the exprefling oil from
|he ground peafe, as a difcovery of
his own : it may, perhaps, at this
time, be very little pradtifcd either
in North Carolina, the place of his
refidrnce, or etfcwhcre. But cer-
tain it is, that this oil was expreflcd
above fourfcore years ago ; as Sir
Hans Slounc mentions it, in the
firfl volume of his Hiflory of ja^
maica; and fays, that ih's oil is
as good as that of almonds, it is
probai)Ir, however, that fmall
quantities only were expelTi-d, ..nd
that even at that time the know-
ledge of it did not extend very far.
Mr. Brownrigg therefore is highiy
f raife-woiihy in reviving the re-

fedly fweet and good. Thcfe (eedi
furnifh a pure, clear, well-tiAed
oil; and, as far as appears to me,
may be ufed for the fane purpofti,
both in food and phylic, as che oils
of olives or almonds, ic maybe
applied likewife to many, if nocaiii
the oeconomica) purpoks wit& ttt
former of thefe.

But what greatly adds to thf
merit of what Mr. Brownrigg hu
informed us of, is che loiv price,
at which this oil may be obisirci
He fays, tuat ten gallons of che
peafe, with the hulks un(}:e!)eu,
will, without heai, yield one gi'"
Ion of oil; if prrll'cd with hri*»
they will afi'ora a much br^cr
quantity. The v:iiue of a bulbrl
of thtic, in C imiina. decs n^:
excerci, as I h..ve b'-en infi>'ni?fli
eij»h -prnce,or tnrrrab^uts l*"c**
wiii furniih a gallon ui oil, '^*
laSi'ur an! appar;tt.i$ 1 1 prrccrc
which, cannot c il much. T i»
price will not amount to to ai**^^

USEFUL PROJECTS.

t of what the bell Flo*
f olive* coftiiDEogUnd.
ifore ought tr> be confi-
iluable inrarniicinn, as,
t of its cheapnefs, a
ioD of mankind than at
ty be permiited to ufe
heir food, Troni whom it
hheld on account of in

uaniiiies of olive pil are
Europe to America,
and alone. Mr, Brown-
noDally confamet twenty
;alIoni. The quanlUiei
it majelty's other do-
I America muA be pro-
The oil from groand
vbich any quamicy de-
« raifed, may and would
I coiifuniption of olive
>uld likewifc, I am per.
u exportation lo any of
s where the oil of olivet
carried ; and thereby
valuable artule of com.

le oil hat been exprelTed
ground peafe, they are
ilfood for fwine.

ig that a more intimnte
of the vegetable pro.

fore vou, than that we
p'lffelT.'d of, would not

uble to the Royal So.

:« (be liberty of laying

t account before yon;

'our moll obedient,
humble fervant,

W. Watioh.

Imfnvimtmts mmi Exptrimntt im
Agrituhurt ; fnm Mr, YoUDg*/
Six Mtmlbi Tattr.

Of PoTATOKi. and ihi I

Cr»pi <whicb tiny frtdmti if «
fnftr CullMrt.

1 Shall firft lay before yon a ge.
neral Hate of their culture and
pioduce, and if it givet rife to any
average accounts, &4II extraA them
accordingly.

At SanJj in BiilfirJ^iri.

Soil. A rich deep black land.
Kent, 3/. 10/.

Seed and difiance. Twenty
balhelt at one foot every

Culture. Hoe them thrice.
ProJuA. zjobulhels, zo/. 16/.

Ejtpeneej, izl. i8r, 6d,

Prcfii, 7/. 17/. 6./.
About Duncaficr,

Soil. A fine light rich loofe

fand.

Soil. Light. I zr. pir acre.

PlantetTio two-feet ruwi, and
earthed op with hoes.

Prodoa. 63 bulheli.
M CoirUgbam ii:iT H^ll.

SjiI. Rich loam and mixed
day, at 3/. /.-r acre.

Seed, &c. twenty buDieli. Hoe
fevaral times.

Prodacl. iRo buOielt.
About StiUiKfJUti.

Soil. Sandy, at 14,.

Seed, &c. Sixteen bufhel<,
rows two fret, plami one
foot; horfe-boe liicm two
or three times, and band-
weed [hem,

Ptodvfl. 80 bulhelj.
Mr. TuT-ir, at K>rikmham.

Soil. A light poor fjfrd. a! 8/.

In lowf three fee:, pl.<Qii

Ill ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

one foot; horre hotd once,
aod band hoed once ; twice
weeded,

Prndufl. 588 bulheU.
JAj. Tirntr, it Kirkliaibam.

Soil. A rich black loami, well
manured.

In bcdi four feet wide, three
rowi OD each ; >lley» two
feet ; plants eighteen inchei
■funder.

Produa. 166 bafheli.
Mr. Crt^i Kiflin.

Soil. CUy.at \ii. 6d.

Cullare. Manures wiih Ion;;
dnnn; or haulm ; plant* in
fotvs two Uet afundcr, pl^nii
nine inches; twelve bulhelt
tn thearre; four horfe^hoL-'
ings. and well hind-hoed.

Fiodua. 120 buHiels. Pecdi
all Torit o( caitlo.
Mr. S:r.:lf. at TU Le.i/.-i.

Soil. Gravf],

Culture. .Miaurc, fnjr load*
of long dung! fei in ro*s
fifteen iichc;, ten from frt
to fat; r.fte*n bullie'i fstd.
Kept c!e;:n from wcJs.

Produtl. i33bu(lLil>.

Soils, tlick m3;.rv land, ai

4,. '-../.
Pr..d- ■. i:obu(he!'.
The Coliirr • .-.ioor hulb^nJr)-.

Culture. Plaaii. Me fsot
afunder, ■ hiadrnl of dai|
to aacb, five loidi; eigki
huDiebfeti; horle and hud-
hoed.

Produfl. 2i6baQieIi.
Near AVwM/(!r.

Soil. Sandy, at xo/,

Culiore. Twelve biilLfb rf
(ta, at one foot fqaut;
haod'boe twice, and kul
weed.

ProduA. si6bBihe]i.
At Utrft/i.

Soil. A loarojr clay, in geit-
ral izi. but planteri give c/.

Culture. Twentj.fire loiM,
dnngi dibbiM one loot
fquare, dig for titca;
twenty 'three bafbeli; hiad-
hoe tbrice.

Produa. 3;o bnOieli. Ei-
pencei. \il, ci,6d. P(o£t,

Soil. Gravelly loam, at i;r.

Culture. Dig and ploj^h for

ll)"iii, and dune; nine be-

-tX, i5obuIhcli.

Strong loim, at ly. t
■are ; fix bullit.Ii : U'

llii

!ets one ijiit ;

Pt d>. i;3'r

Air. /)■;;.■■■, .-.,.-/

toil. Lijhi ly

llfiie, »! .■5-
Cu!:iire. Rowj

ten InaJ) of d;:nK. lioife

:.rJ luv.d.hued.
IV-x'..;;. ijabj;:.!!!.
Mr. 5".i;«, at iJ..'.'.v.

S>i! .'ir:i''i;-b:>m.a:ii>.6./.

t.ire:

ind hiEi-

Soil, (iravel, fand.andciocr,

al lov. 6./.
Cuajrc. Manure

hre once or twice.
Vtni:\t\. 8obuftiel#,

^uil. .-iandy, S.'C. 1 11. 6-'.
Culture. Twelve loid) Ir'S
twenty bu,^

, r.,.i

« ttt'IC

rioduft. isobuOiG:!.

■USEFUL PROJECTS.

IiJ

igbi loiin, M I jf.

M'n'umvrll, in raws
rn incbei.one foot plant
II ': hirfe hoe.

-josbufbeii.
■iib.
ariogt, at 8j. 9^.

Manure with long

ro*« eighteen lachrt,
wt the pUnti ; hand

isobuOidu

Two brtt; in Tarrowi
en inch** by twelve,
re well 1 horre hoe, and

The other the laiy-
ang on graft, and earth
ircBchei.

In ihe firll 300 balheh,
if more than the other.
l/tofurfra.aboiJI Helmt,
igbt loatD on lineftone,

Lazf-bed, dung the
wellt eighieeo buflielt
Ten inchcirquare.

180 bulheti.

ighl leim and rand, at

Plough for, dibble
or ten uchei f^uaiet
hen.
I JO badeli.

igbt loiin, at 17/.
Dig all the land nine
deep i dibble in nine
•Tundrr; hand weed.
iSobaAieli,

ight loam, at 15/.

Mjnute well, on both
.. XIIX.

graft and arable} (finrgb for
them ; feu nine ioctiei >>^iiare|
band weed.

ProduA. icobufteli.
About Alifiiigb«m.

Soil. Sicdy loam, at lOf.

Cultore. Dig for them; ma-
nure well, dibble tuen-y-iwa
buAeli; hand weed and hand
hoe.

Prodvfl. ;oo buOielj,
A I KmatlferJ.

Soil. Sandp, at i6f.

Cuiinre. Diggrafs; tventybti.
Ihelt, at tae foot fqnare, dib-
bled ; hand hoe and weed.

Prodad. joobufhdi.
Around Sum.

Soil. Saody, at i£/,

Coliure. Manure gralV well
#nd dig ii in ; hand hat.

Produtl. ^50 buAcl).
About SbtyJItnt.

Si>i1. Sandy, at ij/.

Culture. Dung eraf) well, and
dig in ) dibble ten iocbei
fquare ; hand hoe well.

Produd. ^cobuftieU.
Near Birmingbmm.

Soil. S^ndy, at 17/ 6/.

Culture. Digupgr«filaod. and
dibble in fci).

Produd. 550 bnfheh.
At Btndfaertb,

Soil. Clay, and fome light, at

ZM.

Culiuie. Manure well with lor->
dung; dibble in lowif Ol^
fooc iquarr.

FroduA. 3 «*JUlhtI).

KiHfingUn.

Soil. Sand and gravel, at 401.

Culiaie. DuRg well, and ploiieb
in rows, one foot, plinti
£x in;hci : hoe twice ard

Produ A. 1 5/. ai ihey grow.

I

Ai

ANNUAL REGISTER, t77d

114

At there is a great variety in
tVirle pr"(!ae1s, I (hall throw them
into dlvifions according to the
quantity, without any other rale;
as it will cbrn in general appear
whac foil and management are
jneft adapted to them. Firft, all
that produce five hundred bulhels

and upward* | fccood fvch, ai jM
from two ID hwt h««drvd| tti
third, thore that yield ■■do M
hundred.

As thefe ublca sre of a grcwr
length than our limits wiU adait,
we (hall only give the irft of ikca.

Crops of 500 Bujbels^ &c.

Places,

SoJ.

Ditto, I

Mr. TVrrff/r. Sandy 8/.

Black loam,
worth 40/.

Sandy loam,
aoi«

Knctifori^

Blrndnghami

Averages,

ZttU

Raw*

Caintrt,

to- 1 m

Sand, i6i.

Sand 17/. 6</.

— 20i

22

«

20

21

3 feet by ,.{"»i^ ««»»'»''} jgS

18 inches. Dug for, 1166

CDig for then.l
— — < manare, handl 700
^ hoe, and weed, j

CDig gnA, aib 7
fq. i .ble, hand hoe, > {oo
^ and weed, 3

~ { 'fibbfe^n feu. J 5*

I foot

Tt is very evident from this
table that rent is no more a guide
to produdl than the wind ; nor is
av particular foil (except the
findy and light being generally
*he beft) a mark whereby to point
wilt th:* fiac of proJuce. The
diftance of the rows, and rhe
quantity of fet -was well as the
n^ .irri.\l articles of minuring and
cleai'irg, are none of them, fepa-
ra''Iv tiken, at all decilivc in fix-
ing the fuperioriry. Thus much,
hu^vcvr, may be oblerveJ, that
the more conlldtTable produfls are
thoif '.hat are in general very fpi-
tiiedly cultivated ; all in the iurft

— 7W

divifion, except one, are dog for,
and likewife the beft of thofe ia
the fecond ; this feems as if dijg*
ging for them was much fopetur
to ploughing. The ftrong varti*
tions we otherwife obferve maft
certainly be attributed to fertiliif
of foil, richnefs of manuriag, or
a general excellent Bianageseit:
A circumftance greatly encourag-
ing to all who are willing local-
tivate this moft ufeful vegetable;
for there is great reafon to fappofe,
that a vigorous conduA in rai&ng
potatoes will nore than balance
every other advantage.
It /hould be obferved, that theft

tools

USEFUL PROJECTS.

•'J

every wkfrtconCtititd n
ent fallow crop, gre^ily
tg ibe foil, aod prepar-
tijf refpeA for when in
, or for any other graia
foperior manner. It it
evident from the preced-
that their culture *
' profitable. In
'« I wa* affutrd that (he;
niiely more by fot
■ny other crop.

I a great
ingdom,
iuvaiiDg poiaioei in large

•r improveiner
the counties of EiglanJ,
dnciag potatoc* into the
their fields, ai regularly,
proper for tbetn, ai tur.
|r other vegetable.
Dinon objeflion to culti-
m in large qiianttttei ig
if a market; but fiicb a
abfolute piece of goihi.
mod advantageous ufe
e applied to, where they

tie and poaItr7, ii partlcahrif va-
luable ; it it well knowD in feve-
ral placet, that no food ii better
for rearing and fattening hogt, bat
I never before heard of feeding
pronifcuoully all the Bock in a
farm-yard on them ; but that gen-
tleman's long experience provei it
not only to be eligible, bni ex>
tremely profitable.

If poiatoei came ia once every
courfe of crops on ligtit ot rich
hem ate varioui, but at foils, not very heavy, and wer*
baQicl, the average pro- all applied to fatten numeroua
ania to above ag/. but herds of fwine, or to maiataia
low price : it is a great oxen, coivi, young citile, fii. the
inyparttofibiskingdom, improvement of the whole farm
wou'd be the certain confeqjence ;
for the fieldt in which they are cuU
tivateJ ate finely enriched by
thcmfelves, and their confequcncei
in manuring would perform the
fame office to others.

what I have remarked in
. I have reafoo to think
digging a much fuperior method to
ploughing, with the fctj laid in
the furrows. The latter way nay
be very proper in a very light rick
fand; but in fandy or gravellp
' " ■■ "Jigging it fuperior; if

recommend a prafiice, it
Ihoald be tLe following ; which I
;h price, molt certainly think, from the preceding roi<
them : but where the nutes, as well as my own eipe-
low, or the market over- ri'ence, it excellent. Unite the
hit root fliould be ap- ploughing and lazy.bed methods ;
rdingand fattening cat- firft plough the land fine, in beJt
ch the profit will be ve- aboot five feet broad, then fpread
olh in the price paid for your dung ; if the foil is very light,
id in the great improvr- it Ihould De well roticd and roixird
e farm, by railing large together ; but if the land is inclin-
flf mannre; an objcfi able to Aiffoefi, then long dung,
fat always to be foiemoll old ihsich, Hubble, or any thing
r farmer: the inielli- of that kind; upon the manure
'ivcd of Mr. Cr»v.'t, of lay the potatoe llicet promifcu-
:aiicn of hit crop) at oufly, about a foot afunder, co-
feeding all fort) of cat* ver ttMm thtee iochca deep, wiib
I 3 cvtti

ii6 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

earth dug oat of the furrows, a
trench in each like a water furrow,
about eighteen inches wide. When
the potatoes are about four or five
inches high» weed them, dig ano-
ther fpit in the trenches, and co-
rer the beds and plants two inches
deeper: this will flop the growth
of moft weeds; but if any arife,
draw them out, but never hand-
hoe nnlefs the furface binds, which
on proper foils it will not do : Vaft
crops may be had in this method,
and the beds left in excellent order
for a crop of any thing elfe.

Q/*Cabbaces.

SINCE t!ie publication of Mr.
Baier*$ report, we have had no
frefh intelligence concerning cab-
bages: there is nc^ extant in print
a fingle experiment upon the Great
Scoiih fort: it is with the utmoft
pleafure that I minuted in my jour-
ney all the intelligence I could
fain concerning this vegetable,
was fortunate enough to meet
with many gentlemen that had
cultivated it for feveral years ;
fome of them from the curiofity
of the objeA, had made acciden-
tal minutes of feveral circumftan-
ces of the culture, expences, pro-
duce, bfc, thefe they favoured me
with, and in other particulars gave
me accounts from their own me-
mory, and that of their fervants ;
but as I had not any regular re-
giders of experiments in a feries,
I threw the intelligence 1 received
into as clear and methodical an
order as I was able. So far did
verv well for each minute ; but as
the ctrcumllances of culture, pro-
dufl, and value, have great vari-
ations, it is here abfolutely necef-
fary to draw all thefe fugitive arti-

cles into one point of wici
compare tbe intelltgence, a
draw the averages of every ci
ftance, that the cnltnre and
of cabbages may be cobj
known. I (hall make the <
in as few words as pofCble ; 1
tide begins with
Mr. MMiim§rt9 at Grmmibw^
Sort. Battir/e4tt tnmc]

Sctcb.
Soil. A red fand.
Timeof fowing. Bcgini
Mmreh. Once prickec
and planted at Midfoni
Rows. Four feet afunder
one foot to eighteen
from plant to plant,
/^acre.
Culture. Watered in dr]

ther.
Duration. To AfriU
Prod u A. Turnep cabba|
or nineteen tons ftr
Baiterfea it lb, or fon
tons fir acre ; Sۤtck
or fifty.fonr tons. l]i
fatting oxen and fi
iheep.
Expences. Pricking oa
tranfplaoting, is. fir
fand.
Mr. Lyfttr^ at Lanutrj. The
fort.
Soils. A very light find.
Kent, 11/.

1 ime of fowing, ^c. 1
Jan, or begioQlng of
Tranfplant the midd

Rows. Four feet afunder,

two feet. 6240 plantf.
Culture. Horfe hoed 1

and hand hoed.
Doruion. Begin to bo

Oiiioher ; all mud be d(

Cbrijtmas.
Product. Twenty -feven

F(

USEFUL PROJECTS. 117

/eeding cowi both dry and
milch y rearing young caccle»
and feeding iheep. Will not
go near ib far as turnept.

Ezpencet. Six men plant an

acre a day.
Ir. WhartM^ at Doneafter. The
Great Scotch.

Soil. A light fand.

Rows. Three feet, planti two.

Coltare. Hand hoeing*

Daration. Late in fpring» to
tnrning into grafs.

Pfodad. Two acres completely

fat three large beaft.
Ir. Tmeker, at Rotberbam. The
Great Scotch,

Soil. A li|ht fandy loam, ex-
tremely rich.

Rent, zL 5/.

Preparation. Winter fallow ;
and ten loads rich rotten dung.

Tine. Middle ai Auguft^ and
the fpring. The firft pricked
ont the middle of Oaober^
tranfplant the laft week in

. Mt^ ; the others not pricked
ootatall. The winter plants
the largeft.
- Rows. Four feet ; plants, two
and two and a half. 5600 fer
acre.

Culture. Watered \^ Ary \ two
horfe hoeings, and hand hoe-
ing.

Duration. End of Jlftrr^ ; fome
CO beginning of Jpril, Some
want cutting before Cbrijtmas^
the winter plants.

Prod u A. One crop 30/^. ano-
ther \olh. average 20/^. or
fony-four tcns^rr acre..
Two acres and a half, under
10/^. kept (with fome ftraw)
twelve rows the principal part
of the winter. If mikh cows
are kept conftantly on them,
gvithottt other food, the bat-

ter is rank. Fat oxen; feed

Expences. A man plants two
thoufand in a day.

Profit. Very great. More than
ten quarters of oats after them»
and eight the fecond crop.
Mr. EUerker'%, at Rijhj. Large
Scotch.

Soil. Loafti on a chalkdone.

Rent, 9/. 3^.

Preparation. A winter fallow ;
manures, ten loads of farm-
yard dung.

Time. Sows the end of Fehrw
ary-»pricks out once ; plants
the beginning of June.

Rows. Three feet ; planti two.

Culture. Water in dry feafons.
Horfe hoe once to thrice.

Duration. To the end of April.

Produ^. Fats two beaft com-
pletely of thirty.fix ftone
each (14/^.} Completely fats
fuch, and finifhes others of
eighty ilone : has fold oxen
of 23/. from cabbages.

Expences. A man plants an
acre in three days.

Profit. Exceedingly great.
Marquis of Rockingham* i Kentijb
farm. Great Scotch,

Soil. A rich, deep, black loam.

Time. Sows the end of Febru-
ary ; plants the middle of

Rows. Three feet, and plants
three feet.

Culture. Water in dry wea-
ther.———From three to fi^e.
horfe hoeing Sy befides hand
hoeing.

Produft. Worth, for feeding
any cattle, a half-penny each«
the number of plants being
4840; that is, 10/. I/, fir
acre. Fat oxen chiefly.
His Lordibip'i Hertfordjbir^ farm,
1 3 ^C

ii8 ANNUAL REGISTER, i77a

the (kmt as the preceding, ex-
cept only hand hoeinfv.
Mr. WiJ/bit, Jfyi9n, Scotch Sort.

Time. Sows in SepUmSer, plants
in M^ij*
Mr. Turner, at Kirkleatham, The
average of twelve experi-
inent!<.

Soil Clay, loam^ and rich
Tandy loam* ^

Rent 1 5 J.
Preparation. Winter fallowed ;
anid r<iiRe a whole year. Some
crops limeJ.

Time. Sows the latter end of
FehruMry, and in March for
fpring plants ; and in Augufi
for winter ones. TranfpUnts
ih rough the months of Moj
and June,

Rows. Three to four feet, and
plants two. Generally 5445
plants.

Cult are. Horfe hoed twice, and
hand hoed as often. Never
waters.

D u ration . To Candlemas.

Prodo^. In general from twen-
ty tons to fifty-eight ; average
thirty-ninc. Fats and feeds

, oxen, cows, young cattle and
iheep infinitely better than
any other food. Theincreafe
ofonecow^s milk from cab-
bages two quarts a day, but
it tailed. The improve-
ment of an ox of 80 (lone,
(14/^.) fatting four months on
cabbages, is on an average 5/.
XO/. and in proportion per
ton (the hay he eats dedu&rd)
is 8 /. dd, the value of the
cabbages. Upon the whole,
go mncb farther than turneps,
and prepare moch better for
fpring corn.

Quaniicy eat. An ox of eighty

ftone, 2ioM. in tweaty-W
hours, befides yiS^. of hay.

Expences. After a fuDBier fil«
low 5/. 1 5/. 6/. a winter ditto
a/. 7/.— -Ex pence of watrriog
is 2/. \\d. planting 41.62
hand weeding 4/. td*

Anjou cabbages tried, bat provd
good for Iitt>.
Mr. Cronne, at Kifliu, The ave-
rage of eight years. Gitic
Scotch*

Soil. Clay,

Rent, iz/. 6^.

Prepiration. Winter fallo*!
and limes, a chaldron /r

^ acre.

Time. Sows in Augufi for wis*
ter plants, pricks ootat J£^•
cbaelmas, and traafplants ii
March: For fpring ptaots(of
which he has but few) (biri it
February, tranfplants tbe esd
of May^ or begioaiag of
Juae.

Rows. Poor feet, and plants 1*0.

Culture. Horfe and haodboe,
as requifite ; never water!.

Duration. Until Uay-depf»

Produdl. In 1762, ihcy weifl-
ed per cabbage 1 2U, or, fir
acre. ■ 29^1

1763, — 14/^. — 34

1764, — I lib, — 29

1765, — 20/^. — 48

1766, — 18/^. — 43

1767, — - i$/b. — 36

1768, — 11/^. — 27
Average 35 tons.

Ufed for all forts of cattle,

and with univerfal fscceis.

Expences. At 10/. rent, tte

' total 2/. 4/. 6d* Seed, 61

pricking out and traofplist*

ing, 5 /. each. Hand ^

XDg, 4/.

U»EFU1: PROJECTS,

: Ttilf^N.
^ of bve /earl,
df, grivel.
a. Winter fallow.
3»n with (bvco load)
) dnag.

iw) ibe beginning of
and traniplaBi) in

lor feet afunder, and

iioiCe boe* fo^r timei,
1 boe* and weeds.
Until the end of

be cabbage* weighed
average j/i. or, fitr

— i;*. — 19

— Sli. — 19

— Sii. — 19

— (Ji. — IS
age 18 ton..

for fteer* and Iheep,
:ipally for cowj, on

of the butter be-
<niptrabte, aad given
(]u«n cities, not more
t of fummer; butter
rortnighi, but the
iK have no dec>ye4

near CraiilrUi,
It Sfatii ioit.

of foor years 17/.

for oxen, cowa, and
'ith the utmofi fuc-
Two cow* in yami-
te that had newly
and the other to
LaJf-i/ty, produced

Lad f- Hay,

»K. of bril-

"J

M'. Daitan, at Sbnii^ftrd.
Soil. Light Idioi on a line-

ftone, very IbaJlow.
Rent, 8^.
Prepirarion, Winter fallow, and

Time, ^cnteh, Iranfplanted the
beginning of Jun*. Torn'p
cabbage lown in Ipring, tranf.
planted in Mjj.

Row). Four feet by twenty-two

Culture. Horfe and hand hoe-
ing.

Produfl. Stittb, 4M. and \lb.
average if, or 6 ton*. Tur-
oep j/i. 11 torn. The firll
given to cows, and made the
butter abroluiely ftink,^ but at-
tributed il to the decayed leave*
not being taken olF. The lat.
ter were given to Iheep the
middle ax Aprils who were
very fond of ihem.
Mr. Sff-w/, at Danhj. The South.

Soil. Clfty, loan, and rich
black land.

Rent, 4/, 6/. to sj/. average
I4i. 9^.

Prep il ration. Winter fallow,
and upon all but the richeft
* with tompoft*

Time. Sowteviy in tbefpiing,

and ir^nfplanti the end of

Majot beginning aiyant.
Row'. Four feet, and two feet

from plant to plant,
Culiurr, Never waier.t. Two

horfe and two hand h^reinf ■.
Duration. Till the rnd of Jfril

or beginning ul M^j.
Product. Avenge value of fe-

ven yean, ai 5^. 9^. ftr ion,

9/. 16/.

Ttas.

'76J 3*

1766, . , - - ;z

1 4 1765,

110 ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

1766. -

-

-

40

Ditto, •

-

*•

«3

Di:to, -

•

•

«5

1767.

•

••

40

Ditto, •

•

-

ts

Ditto, -

-

•

S3

1768.

-

-

35

Dit'O, -

-

-

5^

Ditto. -

-

-

30

Average 37 ton*^.

Oxe« of 100 ftooe, thtt hive
had the fammer'a grafs, are
flmflied and without delay,
ne?rr going b etc in fleOi,
(the cafe otien ioifs with lur-
nep ) and improving faftcr
than on any rther fcoJ. All
kind» of you<tg cattle main-
tained through win ct in lull
health and gr< wh to gre4t
profit. Cows fed wth chem
to more ad\an(a^e fix to one
than upon any other food;
the milk: b'^ing in great quan-
tity, pcrfeflly fweet, and t^c
butter excellent, but the p e-
caution muft be obl>ived of
picking off the decayed leaves.
Fat (heep are carried forward
in great prrfeflion, better
infinitely than on turncp.s
Lambs of ewes feti on chem
have always proved uncom-
ino'^ly fine and llron^. S%vtne
feed very freeiy im th'-m, and
are kept in very got d coitdi-
tion without other food.

Quantity ear. Anoxofanico
llonc (14M.) in twenty-four
hours ate 168/^. and 7M. of
hay.

Exprnces. Average of fevcn
years, t/. 16/. 6i.

Profit. Ditto, 6/. i6i. 9^/. part
at 5/. gtl, ptr ton.

The turncp cabbage tried one
year, the fame culture as
Sficb, Wright %lk Sheep ate

them frcelf, \mx prcfem

Se§tcb.
Mr. Scr—f€f at Dmbw,
8oil. Sone light Iota on

ftrne, and black Bftooryl
Culture. The BiaBigciw

every refpcft, th« fiuM

Produa. The weifhi ol

crop not minaced, but

neral it wai froa 1;

tons per acre : averafr 3
Earl of Dariingtonf at Rm^, •
Soil. Strong gravel lad
Rent, i6i.
Preparation. Some on |

and burning; others 0

winter fallow.
Tim*. P>aits ^rom thee

May to the end of y»m.
R ws. Three fSeet, punu
Culture. Htrfe hoed 1

hand ditto once.

ProduA. 1766 — 14^.1
per cabi>4gey j

1767 — ditto
1768 — icM.
Aver-.^e 40 1005.
Ufed corftjntly for milch c
(:he dec^yd leaves all 1
ofi) tie butter partici
eve Uent, and none :
b<'rttr.
Mr. DiMon^ at Bi[ford, Sc9tc
Soil. Cfa>e> loam.
Rent, I jf. 6J,
Prrparaiion. Winter ft

and a d-jngin^;.
Time. Sows in Au^afil '
plants from miJiile r>f il
to beginning oi April.
Rows. Three feet, pl.«Bl!
Culture. Horfeand b^nd
ProdfiA. The weight of a
crops not minuted, bat
that is, is 15/^. /rrctb:
or per acre 48 toss.

USEFUL PROJECTS.

for milch cow*; the
Ytry pIcDiiful, and ex-
i ft tofs of cjbb*g«*,
I of the wioter'j bat*

Medinm of ihc cropi

hni broaght all the in-
oncerning cabbagei in-
, I muft, in the - "

C '■ J.

»CrMtlll. ■"}'? 'S •
The general ivcrage of which
bree valaitiont ti ijA lOf. lO^.

It ii here proper to remnk, (bat
i* price mull andoiibtedly bt
II mio fach aierage) under the real mirkt ti ■■ partljr
■re of the fnbjeA re- formed b^ a valuation of cabbages
io fattening healli it 7/. l^J. ftf
I placethe general pro- ton ; but ihofe <*ha have been coo-
be difcoverfd, and re- Terfini in feeding cattle mall be
aloe in money. The fenSble, that a value talceo from
if doing (bii will be one application only maj be nndtr
the mark: thatiVt'ifo ronft ftiilte
every one who confiden, that tur«
nepg, and other ariicle* of foodf
will fat an OX, though not fa well
I* cabbagei ; ,bnt turocpa will aot
feed ibcep through the months of
March and April\ and neither
turnepi nor hay will keep cawa
in plentiful as well a? fweft millc
all the winter; thefe two orei are
peculiar to cabbages, and fuch aa
application of thLtn muft confe.
queatly makea greater retoro thaa
a ufe in which other fpectes of food
rival them.

Thofe who have been ofed to th«
enormous ex pence of wintertog
cattle on hav, will eaGIy believe
that ^j. a ton for cabbages can \if
no mean] be an adequate price:
the very pro po fit ion on comparlfon
with hay )> Ariking. And aa to
the turnips, the comparifon li yet
clearer. It before appeared, that
others that were not the average value of larneps in the
y weight. north of England, \\\»\ ii, the fame

^. t. i. country ihe cabbages are a!) cul.
arqait of 1 tivated id, is 3/. \i. tJ. pir acre;

^ssV K11- > 10 10 now from the ditentive manner in
It ) wtiJch I viewed as well ai weighed

I be a great injuftice to include Mr. Datiea'j j one pound avera(:e
mtly, that the loil) a Iballon furfasc oa a limcitoiir, U atfolutetj

an average valoc

rsloe/rr ton at Kirilttt-

f fitting oxen. 8/. 6^.

>. SrrMft, — j». 9^.

:r«ge, 7/. jLJ,

t be our guide for va-
crnpt of Settth cab-
weight only ii fpcci-

IJlemtrt - 4

u

- mt

-pt

- 37

- 24

Darli'gifit
36 tons.

1 - 40

11/. 16/.

6i. ^ .<

M to ihi

) average

122 ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

tkofa at Kiflitt, that fine and rich
tornep foil, I was well convinced
the average weight was not above
fvetons, which is better than 12/.
fcr ton; now the fuperioriiy of
cabbages to turneps is abrolu'cly
Axed by the preceding inteUigeocr ;
thofe cultivators who chink the
contrary, bearing no proportion to
ibeir artagonifts; confequently
cabbages are of much more value
than I2i. per ton, or probabiy
<!ouble the amount I have calcu-
lated them at : which circumihnce
snud, certainly convince evity one,
that cabbages are, in thefe calcu-
lations, much undeivalued : and
for the ufe of fuch as may be of
this opinion, 1 (hall add the value
of the average crop at more eliima-
fion.

'Jl'hii'ty-fix tons at 10/. 18 o o

at 1 1/. 19 16 o

at 1ZJ. 21 12 o

at 13/. 73 8 o

at 14/. 25 4 o

Had r been fortunate enough to

have gained other clues to dikover

the value of cabbages, prtnicularly

ia making butter for lale in win.

tcr, and iprirg feeding (hi^ep and

Iambs, 1 have no doubt but the

siverage fum would liave been very

high in this icalc*, if not (Receded

the uimoll of it. But for want of

other facts to calculate upon, I

mult make uie cf fuch as 1 poU

In the* nf xt place I mu(l compare
the product with the rent of the
land.

' Mr. Jaj^ct 11/. 27 tons

Mr. T^'<ker 45/. 44

Mr. Turner 45/. 59

Mr* Cn-we izj, 6*/, 35

141. 9/,

I Si. 6^
i6j. 8i

> If/.

5

ac/. 6*

Mr. Scr§Q/g
Ditto

Earl of Darli^i99
Mr. DixpM •
Average rent
At and uaiier i^t%

rent average

Ditto about 151.

It appears from bencr, tri4

bages depend \€ry much on

plkuted in a rivh foil^ aad :

prccifely it.9 opinion of m

tlie pncedirg cultivator*; a

as perfe^ly confiuent with n

for the plant i« a moil vi{

one, rootb very ftrong and

and confrquenily is very wrl

cuUted tor inproiing propo

ably t • the fertility of the foil

Forty- four t(*ns at )

7/. i|/. K^ j

Thirty. two «t ditto

Suptrioiiiv of the 7
furmrr j ^

Thi^ c( mparifon l)irw» i«ie
prorit of appiyiT). i r t«^|| L
a farm to vi\c cuiture o. cabb
and it ^rovr^ at f^e umr cm
advantage ofmai unn^ au>. f«
ing we. J. I a/p V r^ c lUf;
few njf re hem hs..al ^va 1 of :
ing niaruie ttiau 10 this ci
But to Cc.r:y tr.i^ iomparifc
farther, I (>i;i!I next iUtc the
and pr'^cudl.

Oft clays tuid firing Idoms

II

Mr. T-tin^r
Mr. Lrcuve
Mr. Scrco^e
lijrl c.f DarlingfH
Mr. Dixow

Average 39 tons.
On rih deep Light Lam^
Mr. Jucktr • • ^

3
3
3
4
4

f Never yitldtj any tliin^, but I call it 4x»

USEFUL PROJECTS.

>a gtitr i^m»i-/eiJi.
IMitmtn - 54 toni
f0*r . - a?

mdt . -IS

<yM^ >t Daltn 2f
A*erige jo too.
Bteriority of ihe lift (o the
en Shew how much, the
I aff«a a tich foil; but ■(

limt the prodhfl on inf«-
: pravn clearly, that this
le vr-nubie thrivct to viifi

all iotu.

O/C A%%ors,

i excellent root ■■ not To
irerraljjr Icnowo as* food
f, a* it well deferves : the
mtt I mctwilh upon ilarc
troot. bot romeof tfaem are
»ble.

yvkeoeBtJ/«r4/&ad» them
reaiufe for winter feedtog
e ftockt of cattle aod deei.
. A Uad.
n at Sandy,
A rich deep fine faod, at

lOi.

re. Sow at LaJy-Jay on
fpit digging! hoe very
fully three timei; leave
n from eight to ten inchci

a. Two hundred bulheli
icre, at 2/.

cei. Digging, i/. Seed,
Sowing, (^. Raking, 4/.
iog, 1/. 5i. Digging op,

p* ihele gardener! alfo cul-
the f.me manner, but the
rr equal 10 that of carroii
n fixty bulhelt.

r, at Baltilrj,

kitty light find.
«. No haeinc, but hand*
icd.

Produce. They are f«ud to
be of incomparable ofe in
feeding hogi.
Dnke of Hmf^lk, at It'trkfif.

Soil. A light fand.

Culture. Hum and weedi iho«
roughly.

Trodua. They anfwer iocom*
parably,
Mr. UttartI, at Siltam.

Soil. A fine light hazel mould,
a foot deep.

CuliyrCi Sowed during four
year* in drilli one foot afun-
der, the middle of Afrili
four pound and a half of feed
ftr acre ; horfe-hoed thrice,
and hand-weeded once. Lefc
at the dillance of &x loches la
Ihe rowt.

Produa. Six hundred and forty
bulheli fir acre, 32/. at u.
fir bufhcl. Be&lta fatted oa
them and turnepi, which evi-
dently preferted ihe catrota
fo niDcb, that it w» foon dif-
ficult to make ihein eat the
former at all. Six horfci kept
on them through the winter
with oata ; they performed
their work a) urnal, and look-
ed equally well, A lean hog
wai failed on carrot* in ten
dayi lime, eat nothiog cite;
and the fat very fine, white,-
and firm, nor did it boil away
in the drefling ; he aie four-
teen ftonc. Hoga In gene«
ral feed on them with greac
eagernefi.
Mr. Turmr, at Kirikalham.

Soil. A black rich fand, and a
while piior one.

Culture. Six acrei were fown
in 1767, fummer fallowed and
fown broad ikall the beginning
of Jfril, hand-weeded four
timet, an J alfii haad-hoea;
but

124 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

but the crop left within three
or four inches of each other

Produdl. The fize in the black
land from fix to eight inches
]ong, but lefs than a roan't
wrilL In the whit? five inches
)ong» and lefb thin the other.
Fed inilch cows and hogs, the
firft very fond of ihrm, and
their miik received no ill tafte
from thenu Several hogs of
fix (lone (14/^0 were batted
OD them. No pork could be
finer. They fitted quick and
exceedingly well. The carrots
given raw.

Expencc. Weeding, hoeing, and
taking op, 2/. 10/. /rr acre.
Mr. Scrooff at Damhy,

Soil. The rich fine black loam.

Culture. Drilled in fingle rows
four feet afundrr ; horfe-hord
thrice, but left thick in the
rows.

Produce. V^ry fine; eighteen
inches long, and eleven in
circumfrrence. Given ioHog%
who faited fo well upon them,
that a few peafeti' ifhed ihem,
and the fat was ytxy iine and
very firm.
Mr. mikie, of Hilton.

S(il. A light loam.

Culture. So^vs t*it end of M/:rc'^ ;
hers them t ic, to the diT-
lance of five inchj-s.

P/odud>. Grow t) the fize of a
man's wrirt, an.) twlvc inches
lone. All c;«it'c ;irc vrrv fond
of ihem, partful rlv hojr*.

Tl cir minuir^ clc irly prove the
great importance of X.\r cul ure.

Tno produi'ts, cira^vn into <^""^

view, arms foll<»w : JT. j. ^.

Santij gnrdrncrs, fit 2;. 1 ^

pfr bu(h"l, 2C0 J "

Mr. /Aw«"//,64obalhcIs, 7 ^, ^ ^

at 11. 3 •*

Diuo, at 2/. - 64 o o

:o o o

I think it fair to add the laft fv
laation, as it is the adsat one of
the firft inierted; aor do I tbiik
2/. an extravagant price: the
avenge is 38/. 13/. Rejediog the
laft price it is 26/.

In the ofe of them fever:i1 very
important fa^s appear in the pre*
ceding intelligence. Mr. L^fttr\
Mr. Turmer*St Mr. Awr/r's. .Mr.
$cr§op*i, and Mr. M^ilkii*% expert,
ments all provr, that carroti raw
are of incomparab!t ufe in bo:k
feeding and fattening^ hogs; the
particular inftances of fjiteoing
them quick and well, are extreae-
ly valuable. It alfo appears from
Mr. Turner^t trials, that they are
Mcty fine food for milch cow:,
giving the batter no bad taSf.
Mr. Hewitt* % intelligence flifvi»
thr.t oxen fat to much advantage
on them, and that they complete-
ly fupply the place of oiis to
horfes.

Of Lucerne.

I Shall review the expermertil
minuted on fevr^l other *fg«"
tablc> befiJes cabbage?, that *t
notc'imm'^nlv culiivaicH. Oi :."'«!«
lucerne claims the fit ft a'tfo*
ti"n,

Mr. BramjiifK^^ at IP'tcrurm,
Sj:I. Very loolc, blaci, ricH

fand.
Culture. Broad cad; drilled al
cii»hiren inches, and iricl-
planicil at two feet.
Produrt. The broad cad vielJi
moll at firtl; but it is apprf
hcnc'rd, that the drilleJ * 'I
exceed it, and that the trani*
planted will latl longer tcift
cithrr.
Mr. Middiemoret at Crjmtbmm.
Suil. A red fand.

USEFUL PROJECTS*

125

Cflltare. A rood iranrplanted
in rowt, tvo feet fix inchei,
» M»rtb 1767, I fband it
over-run with wceda. Two
acm, three rood*, broad call.
reven yeart old. Cleaned bjr
harrow inft.

Prodafi. The iraDrplanied cot
once in 1767, and twice or
thrice in 1768. The broad
caft atwayt cat three times
■ yew. Often made into hay,
a load an acre at eich cutiing.
An acre lafh three horrei at
foiling the fummer through ;
thii, at lix month* the fum-
ner, and 2/. 6^. a week fir
horfe, amounii 109/. \%i. ptr
acre. AH farli of cattle led
with it, bnt none afTcA it fo
Boch as horfM.

Ur. Ljfilr, at Bav>lry,

Soil. A liciit fand.

Cultore. Drilled five yean ago
in row* two feet a fonder.

ProduA. UTcd for foiling horfes,
but inferior 10 clover or Bj^
taral pitlure*. V

Mr. rmrmtr. at K.rkltaibim.

Soil. A rich loam,

Ctilturr. H^if an acre drilled
in 1765, in equally dillant
/nwi ten inchei uluiider. Krpt
clean from weed* by huod-
hoeing.

Prodofi. In 176S cut fiveiimrj.
in 1767 Ave, in 176^ lour.
Matniatniat the rate of four
COWi fir acie through the
lummer, which, ;it fix mnmbi,
and 21. ftr mttk fir cow, is
id/, til. ftr acre.
tar. Daitm, at SlininghrJ.

Soil. Shallow laain on Ilmc.
Hone rock. Rent at %i.

Calture. DfiiL'J in 1765. equal-
ly diflaat ro.v:, fix iiiclics
afuoder.

t

Frodufl. Cat three timet in
176;, the fame in 1766 and
1767. ^ot comparable to
fainfoine, nor equal 10 clo-

Mr. Serttf, at Dauhj,

Soil. A cold wee gravel, and
a rich b)a;k loam, at t^i.

Culture. Drilled half an acre
in 1761, the firS foil; boi
the plants all died the fecond
year. In 1766 drilted fevek
rows, containing one rood
eleven polet, equally diSanc
/our feet on the fecond foil.
Twice horfe and twics hand
hoed each year.

Produfl. Cot twice the firft
year. The fir ft maintained
four coach horfet and five
calves fix weeksj the fecond
krpt feven hoffei a motiih.
In 1767 it was cut three limn,
and maintained feven horfcj
from the middle of M^ tu
ifae end of Stftimhtr, In
176S, fix horfei the fame
lime. It faved iir, lo^.
a week in hay for thelc fix
horf-s ; ihe proportion for the
feven, laH year, i', therefore,
141. I \d. and the average

131. lO;^.

The produ^, therefore, of
ihrfe ttvo years 1) ihis:

Thii/,r acr; is 43/. 8<. 11/
I a prodigiou> prot^uct.

Mr. Pint;, at Bf»il/\t.enh.

Soil. S;.! J. Iu,.a), at iii.

Culture. Two ..cret drilled in

17C11, in e<]ua1 Jiilant rows,

twelve inches alunder. Hand

hoed

126 ANNUAL REGISTER. 1770.

hoed well for three our foar condoding aUblotely that \
yemrs, and afterwards bread Uoce is the moft beneficul.
ploughed twic ayear.

Product. In foi...ig horfcs, 16/.

1 21. per acre.
Expences. Hand hoeing, 40/.

per acre. Bread pIougbiDg,

From thefe feveral mincKes we
aiallf in the next place, draw an
average of the whole. The pro-
<lu£t it tfhe principal point.

/. /. il.
Mr. MMUm9rf,per^CTe^ 9 15 o
Mr. Tmr/tcr, - - - 10 8 o
Mr. Scrcppp - • • 43 8 1 1
Mr. Penny, - - • 16 12 O
Average 20/.

This is a vail product, and cer-
tainly prove», in a very clear man-

[Oar iogeniOQs and \t
duttrioos author has, in ]
work, giren a regular deui
own experiments upon ihii
in a] molt every degree aad 1
of caltiv:ition : together wi
curate efti mates of the ei
the produce, and the pro!
(ball conclude this article 1
extrad from it, which wil
the great benefits that ma
from a proper culture of luc

The effeds of the rich max
of former years, here ]
clearly enough. The pro
amazingly great ; and tbt
no lefs considerable^ I k
no crop from which fuch gr

ner, the furprizing excellencies of vantage is reaped, that req

thin vegetable.

The loil it requires to be in per.
fcdion appears clearly in the above
table, for that of the latter three
is very rich and deep; and Mr.
Serorp^s, which yields fo much
the tupericT produd, one of the
blacked^ richcll, moiil* crumbling
loams I ever met with— the true
futrejhium. The great importance
of an extreme rich foil to the cul-
ture of luceine is, therefore, ex-
rremely evident; and it is equally
plain that no ufc can pay better,
jf fo well, as applying it to lu-
cerne. Confiderinj; the fmillnefs
of the expences, Mr, Sirocp^> crop
far exceeds the profit of moll hop-
gardens.

In refped to manner of Towing,
the broad call is the Icall crop :
JV'Ir. Scroop's f^ur feet rows the
grea:cil, Mr. Ptnuy^s an J Mr. 7'wr-
irrr'smuch the lame, cv«. one fnot
and ten inches. But the fupcriori-
ty of Mr. Si reap* $ foil prcvcots our

little trouble; for the lucen
not be ranked with meadoi
paftures fed with cattle, :
fmall degree of attention re
to them, yet being a pei
(^p, it fpares the culfirai
i^nd of various trouble dea
by annual ones. And as tl
ture bedowed on this nobh
is extremely fimil.ir every c
and every year, it does not i
that anxious attention whicl
be given to all fowings, i
annual crops. Anygcntleman
better conducl the culture
acres of lucerne, and with in
ly lefs f robabiliiy of being cl
than of 10 acres of corn.

This produce maintained
rate of tour horfes 200 days
a fifth 172 days. This is a|
priiduce than 1 Ihould ha\i
ceivcd poflible from one ai
land. Cientlemen who feed
coach-horfes will not find i
produce in time ej ktepin^

USEFUL PROJECTS.

'n

£■

VJ lior&t »Tr (he fmall Sof-
oei, sbaat 14^ httidt high:
rir profit will DC ihe lame, as
Daft tcckon a higher price
!ek.
thit erperiment I h«ve
led the cgittng made into
a the pioponion nf price u
hen, having no rule to value
J bjr; bat I (lioold obferve,
laceiae feemi much better
lo feeding ciitte with,
ea, than to making into

it bat Dot ihr qiijlily of
.1 gti(*, of yieliiing good
lot with landing fonir Ih' wt»
■ { common hay ii often very
That hai rereivfd no flight
tj of rain, providing it wat
n a jadicioQ] manner: in
fpcA lacerne rrfemblei c!0'
Mch is much more damaged
ia ia making; or tare*,
in ver^ fine weather makei
eft of hay for hard working
, bat with a rmali quantity
I becoaei worfe than ftraw.
' woold not be underltood to
tbat lucerne it To totally
I with a little rain : I know
SBirarjr hj experience; but
fame tine, it certainly will
ar the wet weather near To
t natonl graf*. This is no
>bjeAion to it; for the profit
ia feediDg horfei, is fo ex-
f great, that it would be ex-
aace to expc£t any thing fur-

ihe produft of this feafoii,
icreafe from 1766 ii very
which fhews what vigour
aali enjoyed from the pre-
; maaniing. I compJaiiud

laft year of the fmallneri of the
profit owiag to the expeoce of
ni:inuring, but the crops of this
have amply repaid it. Reafon muft
ic!l one, that a grafi which is five
times mown in full growth, in oo«
.fcafoD, muft pay excellently for
manure; aed that it is very diffi>
call to lay on too much.

The average profit DpoD the
foor firft year.t, when the prepara-
tion is a fallow, and when two
rich maoiringi are given, we Gad
is hut trilling: ihisevidently.fhewi
that lucerne Ihould nrvrr be cul-
tivated under th: expcAation of
immediate payment; and that be-
tr>g a perenniiil crop, an accoant
fif the three or four firft years, is
the mon difadvantageous light ia ,
which it can be viewed. Would
to heaven I had it in my power to
lay before the reader a regiller of
twenty yean! I fieel the amazing
profit which would then appear
from lucerne.

Thofe who would form a true
idea of the nature of this plant,
fhould conGder the Grll years as
frtparalim. In fallowing land for
any crop, the farmer rfoei not ex-
pect that each ploughing fhould
repay the expence, but looks for-
ward two years for a reimb'urfe*
mem: in rhe cafe of this grafi,
the firR years of it, when much is
fpent on it and liiile received, it
Ihould be the fame; and the ex-
peAation of profit removed, till it
is of a certain age, and well fixed
in fertility and cleanncfi. Id this
way of confidering the crop, the
following divifion is the prop ereft
idea of (he cafe.

?*«»*•

128 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770;

Prepar^tioii.

ExpcDces.

Profit.

Lflfi.

£. i. d.

/:• '- /.

X- '• ^

1 764.

— — 7 0 4

— 0 0 0

.^

5 7 4

^7^S»

^- — 2 19 II

?^ 3 5 «

•M

000

1766,

— — 8 11 5

— 2 4 II

—

0 0 0

18 II 8 —

Average,

10

5 »o
5 7

o
4

o
o

2 8
o 10

5 7 ♦

Crop.

1767, — — 2 18 10

The year 1766, it is tiue, pro.
duces a vaft quantity ; but as it is
maniired very richly, the expences
eat out the profit, and Ciould con-
(equently be coniidered as prepa-
tory to the folloAring yrars. The
produ6k or the three firll years we
fiod jud pays the expence. After
that year the annual profit would,
beyond all doubr, continue Mtty
condderablf. That of 1767 is a
noble beginning, and an earned
of ^rea: future profit.

Bat here it fhould farther be re.
membered, that lucerne is not in
perfcflion the fourth ypar.— I have
already (hewn that there is at leall
a great probability of the fifih
ye^r being fuperior to the fourth :
this is a circumflance that gives us
reafon Co fuppofe the regular per-
manent profit would not be infe-
rior to thi> fourth year.

A profit of 10/. p€f acre gained
from a perennial vegetable, 1 will
venture to afTerc exceeds any thing
in hufbandrv,y^r ^/A/Z/xn/i;. Hops,
izjadwicr, liquorice, potatoes, and
fome other crops, certainly exceed

10 18 I

it, on fome foilf* ia the
of profit ; but (one of ihea tit
annuals, and others laft not abovt
three years. Hops are, io parti-
cular, the moll troublefoae cil-
ture that is knowD id the world,
fugar alone excepted. Now crops
that laft but a year generally n-
quire to be (hifted from oae ieU
to another ; if a mao woold katc
annually fifty acres of potatoes, te
miift farm,- according to coaowt
management, 200 acres of laid;
and thofe which are renewed it
the end of two or three years aie
under the fame predicament, «r*
<ording 1 9 fume lur iters ; beliJes As
cultivator having a perpetual roaad
of all that minute trouble wkidi
attends the renovation of fach
crops.

But with lucerne the cafe u very
difi'erent ; after it is once lowed tc
lads many years ; much Iooger«
from the bed accounts, than aay
modern experiments refcUe. Tke
attention it requires is very rcga-
lar, and the operations to be per*
formed on it remtrkably £mwi

catiiaf

USEFUL PROJECTS.

"»

ig U often i> requtGle,ODe amnfeiDeiit; ud inrerpcAof pro.

hoeing after each catling, fit, what more defiribte than to
1 kand hocio^ when any weed* enjoy looo/. a year from lop acre*
a. No baying of feed, fow- of landl To fpcalc of 10,000/. a
plogghing, harvelliog, felling year from 1000 acres would found
n, &c. See. which render agri- like a graai exaggeration ; bat yet
n fo tronblefome to geaile. it it a mere natter of roultiplica^

The produA it open to no tion, indDbilably poffible, ana evcA
Itiei; noneof themitfortunei eafy.
bich corn ii liable; nor any
>fe crili that fo regularly at-
haf-naking) bat ii all con-
1 u> the feeding of cattle, «
th of the eafieft kind,
it be objefted that the pre-
l cxpetiinents prove no more
the lib of lucerne to horfej,
kai confeqaantly a gentleman as I hi
ndcrtook to cnltirate it could graflet.
i hit plantation no further Mr. Ifnvtif, at Silham,
Lhc quantity requifiie for hit
I. In anfwer to this I (bonld
re« that any food which I'l
dose for borfes ii alfo good
oft other fort* of cattle. It
1 10 fappofethat a food which
tt n horfe will aoi agree witb
king ox— or fat a heifer^~Hir
owi or Sleep, kz. &c. Rea-
[w«re experiment wanting)
i)»cfafficient to make known
trnth*. Let any gentleman,
ore, cultivate lucerne to an
I, it ii evident enough that
1 never want a market for iti
CC, at long u he bat money
r cattle with,
m can any gentleman wiOi

better employment of hit
Lfld money ihtn to expend
ee year* (iccorJinn to thit
mem] 18/. ptr acic in pre-
• for lucernr, the whole of

Mpeoce to be repaid him
I that time, with an after
I profit of 10 /. fir acre I Such
le elegant bulbaadry ii an

Of SAIKFOlItt,

THisgrafsiia common crop in
nan/ countiei of thi)kiBg>
dom, bnt ai feveral of the iniclea
of intelligence concerning it ice
experimental, I ihall treat of it here
done with the preceding

haael moold on

limeftone.
CnltDie. Sow it with half*

crop ofbarley aftera fallow,

or lurnepg, four bnOieli of

&ed ptr acre. Lalb twelvt

or fourteen year*.
ProduA. After the firll year

always mow the firft growtk

for hay, jo fuit. fir acre,

at 30/. a ton.
Sir Gtergt StricklaiJ, at Btynttn,
Soil. Light wold land, at

2/. 6d.
ProduA. Improvei the land

to air. di. ptr .\K.te,
Sir Higbj Utgtiri, at G^aln,
Soil. Light thin wold land,

at II.
Caliuie. Drilled one foot

afunder,
ProduA. A ton an acre of

hay: improved to be well

worth \oi,frr acre.
Mr. Daiin, at SU»i„g/orJ.
Soil. Thin loam on a line*

ftonCf It 8 /.

K (pulton.

J30 ANNUAL REGISTER, i77o*

Cultnrc. In 1 764 fowed iwclve
ftcrei after turnep, alone-*
and carefully weeded.
Produ A. Mows it once every
year ; it produces at mnch
hay ftr acre as any three of
natural grafs in the neigh*
bourhood. t
About BenfingfOH.
Soil. Light chalk.
Culture. Sow a fack full of
feed per acre, lafts fifteen
years.
Produa. Mown once eirery
year: 55 rw/. of hay per
acre, the fecond crop fed
off with lambs.
Thefe trials all prove the great
excellency of this grafs. The great
improvement made by it on the
poor wold lands by Sir George
Strickland, and Sir Digtj Legard,
isaftrikiDgioftance; Mr. DMifon^a
is alfo worthy of much notice. The
produ^s in weight are.

Tmi Cti'f.
Mr. Hewetft • • 2 10
Sir Digiy Legard, -10
About Beu/ington, - 2 1 5

Average, 2 tons^ i nvf.
From this flate of the Sainfoine
culture, I cannot help remarking,
how much the vaft tradls of poor
light dry foils in this kingdom
call for fo cheap and great an im-
provement: there are many very
rxtenfive wnllcs in the north of
£)r^//7W admirably adapted to this
culture, and yet how few have the
fpirit to kt about c\en this cheap
and caiy improvement ! The poor
fits on which this graH is the
grcateft improvement, arc not
worth cultivating in ary other
nuiiner: the common wold huf-
bandry is a proof of this. The
yieldini; food fnr ihecp is not a
comparable produce to rich crops

of excellent hay, mad alter-fM|
but nothing fpciks t'Ui cleini
than their letting osly froa 1 1. m
4/. an acre, and being niU bf
fainfoine to 10/. ind 25/.

0« ibe Nmmher 9/ DroMghi Cafdr
nfeJ in Tillage ; Jrem thijamu

THIS Tiew of the ftate of til-
lage throu£hoac the

ties I travelled, throws the whole
matter into a very clear light: te
refult is certainly furpnaiBg. I
never had any conception that a
juft proportion would be fbud be-
tween the nature of the (oil. and
the flrength employed 10 till ii|
but that all common fenfe woali
be pat fo totally to the blafli^ «ai
what I had ^ttle notion of. Tht
equality of tlie^ drnaghci, on Mk
diflferent foils, is ftrange: the clay
land takes no greater force thu
the loam \ and the fand, withia a
feventh part as mnch ai either ef
them. This Oiews clearly, thai
cuilom ak>nehas been ihegnidecf
the farmers in the number of
draught cattle they nfes a piece
of abfurdity, which ma ft be at-
tended with wretched effeAi oa
their profit ; and fatal ones to Jn
good of the kingdom at large.

Had the average draught of ill

foilb been no greater than reqoifiir,

the evil would not have been (1

great; but three and a half is norc

cattle than neceH'^ry for any foilia

Ft:glaft/l, provic?ed the hulhaodry

U goo J. If fallows are broke op

at thefeafon they univerfilly ocghr,

two horfcs, or two flout oxen, ait

fuiTicient for the ilrorgeft of ill

foih, aione excepting luch as sre

on very llcep hilis; and even m

tha: ciile the courie of p!oaghic|

Ou](tl(

USEFUL projects: i3t

net to b« acrofi the Hope, an rvil. The Ifgiflatore ttrtA'olf
rednCei the Uboor nearly lo miglrt taterfere in ToinF way »hicli
f ■ level. Tho) the grind fftaxed inollcoDlillintiviih 'hr de.
eii leir double the requi. liricy of To free apraple; but if
reogih. That cf day ii nothing cf that lort fliould ba
ne at the general average; thought advifesbleg or rather, i^
tkerclbre, muft be the excef* amoog nntneioui other mitten, of
If equal import, oveilock^d or ■)>.

farmer can arge the eSed of Tpired, to fave time for
Kperience to ihii remark; I cannot but recommend it to all
tanciug the cuflom of hii laodlordi, lo endeavoor to remedy.
Ban. and the prefcriplion on their own eftatei, fuch mifchio
I, ii of no avail; fince no- voni cnftomi; there can be no
CM be clearer than t&at donbt of itt being in thfir power;
tad list experience are the all that ii waoting it refblaiion: -
ifchance; not [herefaltof the laoment a buGnefi ii firmly re-
of knowledge or expert- folved by ■ diid who hai money in
Mo detnooAraiion in ma- hit pcclcet, it it half executed:
in can be clearer than the Prizes, rewards, boaaiin.&rr. muft
i£jiioo, that clay require* be given, not only to farmeri, bnt
er ftrcngth to work it than to ploughmen; both farmer! and
which firengib may as well fervanu ftiould be procured, that
ke qaaoitty performed in a have been ufed to good cuAomi, at
ia tke number of cattle, any expence. It is nell worth g
nazim eveiY farmer will tandbrd'i thought ; for he cannot
i; bat thej have no notion introduce a ch^^ap, and it the fans
time good method of culture, into
a coaniry, fo ai to m^ke it com-
mon, without virtually riifing hta
rent* ; befidet the fjti'faAion
I am coTifiden', number)

rcTnlt of a general ave-

refind lyet greater equality
jnantity ploughed, than in
mber of cattle { nothing,
VfU mme certain, than toe
OBConomy of tillage being their c<

. matter of chance,
view a light fanJy ccar.try
ng with morethinas many
la would till the Rronneft
without their performing
^naniiiy ; one Cannot chink

a courfe of bulinefs with-
ignaiion: ihoufaDdi of fa.
ire deprived of half their
ice i and the kingdom feed*

of horfes inftead of induf.
ibj^as. It ii in ohj'a of
importance, and cull) for

, from ihofe *ho hav

luA feel at being ferviceable to
ntry.

In feveral of the richeft and bell
Culiivated parti of £Jex, particia*
larly between Braiatnt and Hxitr-
ill. by Satufcrd and Tbaxttd, tht
farmers d'l not l;eep above, tour or
£ve horfe) fir hundred acres of
arable, which confeqOFnily perf iria
all the work of the grar< beftJei.
Ten to a farm of two hundred ara-
ble, and one hnndred gtafj, arc
reckoned a very complete allow*
ance ,- and yet it ii obi'ervable that
the foil is a flrong clay: Arong
enough to yield great crops ^
f owei to reaiedy fo great beans ; and ik4 niai>7 of the faraa

K 3 havt

132 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.'

have mach arable on the fides of
hills, which makes the work pretty
float; yet they plough their land
vtry well, and never ufe more than
two in a plough, although they do
not break up their ftubbles till
after barley fowing. Through the
bed cultivated parts of SuJM it is
the fame : but as to nine horfcs to
every hundred acres, it is a mon-
Urous allowance : confidering that
it includes light loams and fands,
it is at leaft five too many ; fo that
snore than double all the horfes
employed through this tradl of
country are kept to no pnrpofe.
When good hufbandry and extra-
ordinary tillage are the confeq uence
of numerous teams, the objeAion
is anfwered; but we very well
know that is not the cafe, by clay
farmers keepine no more than fand
ones; and by the depth of ftirring
being the fame in all. It is cuftom,
not good hufbandry, that occafions
any variations at all. To reflet,
for one moment, that half the
horfes employed in huflbandry,

through fo confiderable a pan ef
the kinsdom, are ofeleftt is a veti
melancholy con fideration; thatafr-
lefs horfes are pernicioos to tkt
public goody is a faA indifputable ;
in no light whatever are they be-
neficial ; they have nothing to do
with the exportation of horfet, fap*
pofing it a trade ever fo beneficial ;
for it is confuming the commodity
one's-felf, which, in a commercial
view, ought to be converted iaio
money. It prevents the caltaie
of a vail quantity of exportable
corn. It takes great trada of graft
from fattening beads, which yield
plenty of butchers meat, and coi-
fequently enables as to export iht
more corn, but gives no profit in
return. No article of nfetiil cm-
fumption is promoted by foch ex-
tra horfes; no ioduftrioas hands
employed by them; in (hon, in
every light the objeA can be view-
ed, the keeping luch nnabers of
ufelefs horfes is a moft peraicioii
condufl to agriculture, to the hod*
lord, and to the public.

hTi&cl'

t '33 ]

ifcellaneous Essays.

»9f ih* Emprtfi Anne;
M ManOein'i Memoir*

nprcfi, though takra
itb lb expeoBve and
ari had, however, a
Delude the marriage
«ii projefled for min;
ED her neice, Princefi
kl en burgh, and Piioce
ickof BrnDrmck.wha
t the Goart eTcr fince

jueri or Botu, who
d lOGoutii Ofteio, in
linifter or the conrt
oak the charifler of
and, in a pahlic ao-
koded, in the name
or, the Prince ri Anne
for Prince Anthonjr
ew of the Empreft of

Tall were foleranized a
r thia audience, and

of J«'7 ('739) >''«y
:ed with all poffible

lagci and drelTes that

paring for a twelve-

ilhop of Novogorbd
:he nuptial blelTiQ^.
1 of the Holy Virgin

of Ca(aB» and made, on tkii occi^
fioQ, a fernoa mock admired,
that wai printed.

When the Empreb Elisabetk
afcended the throne, it wa« fnp-
prefled, there being feTeral ftrokea
in it that were not rcliflied.

Ontheda^ of that ceremony, no
one imagined that the anion of
this Prince and Princefi woald one
day produce their greaicS miifor-
tnne, ai well at that oF many per-
foni of diftinaion. The Priocefa
Anne wai then looked on a« tha

frefumptive heiref* of the crown j
am perfnaded too, that fhe could
not have failed of it, if the daks
of Conrland had not oppofed
it.

Thele naptiali, however, fur-
nilh me the hint of giving an ides
of the magnificence of the conrt.
and of the Empreft'i ufual manner
ofliving.

The duke of Conrland wat
a^reai lover of pomp and and fplea-
did fhow ; thii wai eooagh to
infpire the Emprefs with a dellre
to have her court the moft bril-
liant of all Europe. ConGderable
lum* were facriliced la this inten-
tion of the Emprefi, which wai
not fnr all that fo foon fnlfilled,
TKe licheft coat would be fome-
timei worn together with the vilelt
ancombed wig; or yon might fee
a beautiful piece of ugff fpoiled by

K 3 feme

134 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

fome botcher of a taylor; or if
there wa^ nothing amifs in the
drefs, the equipage woa d be defi-
cient* A man richly dre(rc*d woa!d
cornc* to court in a miterablecoa^h,
drawn by the wretchedeft hackf.
The fame want of tafte reigned in
the furni(ure add neatnefi of their
hi'^ufcft. On one tide, you might
fee ^old and iilver plate in heaps^
on tne other, a fhocking dirti-
nefi.

The drefs of the ladies corre-
fponded with that of the men; for
one v^ell-drefTed woman, you might
fee ten frightful!/ di>figured; yet
U thr fair icx in Ruflia eeneraliy
havdiomr; thai is to fay, they
tavc good faces enough, bat ytry
few havp fine (hapeit.

Thit incongruity of Rt/ffian
finerv and (how wa^ aimoft univer-
AI ; there x^ere few hoafes, indeed,
efpeciaily in the firft yean of the
reform, where every thing was vf
a pifce» Little by little others
imita-rd the example of thofe who
had lafle. But, not ev^n the court,
nor Biron, iucc^eJed at the firfl in
getting cvtry thtng into that crdcr
and arrangement which are <cen
elfewhere. Tt\is was the work of
years. Yet mull ir be owned, that
at length every thing grew to be
well rcguhted, except that the
magnificence ran into exceff, and
coft the court immenfe fams. It
is incrediblehow much money went
out of the empire upon this ac-
count. A courtier that did not
lay out above two or three thou fand
rubles, or from four to fix hundred
pounds, a year in his drefs, made
no great figure. One might very
welt apply here the faying of a
Saxon officer to the late king of
Poland, advifing him to widen the
giui of the town to let !■ the

whole villages ihat the mdcMt
carried on their backs. !■ Rofai
all thofe who had the hoiMitr ID
ferve the courts hort their Ibrtaaci
by oytr*drefliDg, Che falarics aol
being fafficieat to afford the ank*
ing inch a figure. It was caoa^
for a dealer ia the commodities af
luxury and fafliiott Co remaia twa
or three years at Pecerfrargp i»

fain a competency for the reft of
is life, even though he AofU
have begun the world there wick
goods Qpon credit.

The Emprefs's ofoal naaacr
of life was ^cry regalar* She was
always op before eight ia Ike
morning. At nine, Ihe began w
difpatch affairs with her fecrttaif
and minifters. At noon, Ihe diecd
in her chamber with the Biron ft*
mtly. If was only in the gifel
folcmnities that (he eat in pebSic.
When thai happened, ftc oas
placed in a throne, under a canopy^
with the two Princeffes* Elitabcth,
fince £raprefs, and Anne of Meek-
lenburgb* On this occafioa, tke
high.chancellor waited at tabkSf
Here was commonly alfi> a gmt
table in the fame hall, for the M
noblemen and ladies of the empire,
for the clergy and foreign mioiflfn*
But in the laft years of the Sn-
prefs's life, ihe did not any longer
eat in public, nor were the forage
minillers treated at the court, la
the greeted feftivals, coont Ofie*-
man invited them to dinner with
him.

In fammer, the Emprefs took e
good deal of exercifc in walking;
and in winter, with playing at
billiards. She made light fcpperii
and went early to bed, becwccs
eleven and twelve*

The court nfed to pafs the bet
part of the fine feafon at a foiB-

mer-hoaf<?«

MISCELLANEOUS ESSATS. 135

G-lutifrt wbich Ptler I. htd both in lultan ind in GermaB,

tUtboatfevcBlcagiiudillBnce pleafed her Mtremelf. In 173!$.

&•« Fctcrlbargb, called Pcterhoff'. the £rft oprra wai played at Peierr-

llMOHof theinoftfleafant £tua- burg, and very well esecoted,

doaa chu caa be imagined. It though lefilikcd thancotnedy.aad

Jbada OH the rca.fidet whence 700 the Italian inlerludti.

■■7. iM the left fide, fee Cron- Id the lime of Peter I. and ia

Cndi; aid the arhole fleet t on the the following rcigni, drinking had

■ifht, ibcreii a proTpeAof Peterf- been much praAifed at court ; it

t^vk, aad ever againft it ate ihe wai not fo in the time of Anne,

naZi ofFinland, There ii a fpa- Oie could not bejr to fee any one

duM garden to it, and Biagnificent drunk. There wai nnbody bat

jU-J'tmMM, but the houfe i* no great prince Konrakin that had free per-

■Ulcri the apartment* are ex- miflion to drink ai much at he

Wtly fm«ll and low. pleafed. Bat that the habit of it

The rcli of the fuoimer, the Em- might not be entire!)' loll, the

|nla te6dcd aiber fammer.palace 29ih of January, (Old Sijlr) being

■iPcierft«gh, which ii far from the day of the Emprefi't acceflian

king a good building, on the to the throne, wi* confecrated to

banki of ibe Neva : the garden 10 Bacchur. Then every one wii

k b VC17 large* and well enough obliged to tofi oS a great bumper

kept is order. of Hungary-wine, wiih one knee

ThePrincefi Annecanfeda new on the ground, in the prefence of

hMfc to be fet about, the old one brr Mijrfty. Thii remindi me

Mling almoft 10 ruini, but had cf inniber Angular enough cere-

not time to finilh it. It was re- many. On the eve of the (treat

faved for the Empreri Eliaabeth feftivalg, ihe couriierj, and officers

IB fee the lall hand put to it. of the gnardi, hid the bonoar of

There wai deep play at court: paying thrir compliment* to her

■any made their fortune by it in Majelly. and of kiffing her hand ;

ftallia, and many other) were her Majcfiy at the fame time pre-

nieed. I have myfelf often feen fenied each a gtafi of wine on a

k far a* twenty ihoufand rubles falvcr.

left in one fitting at fuimu or at Towardi the end of the year
fimrati* I739i <be EmpreCigsve a comic
The Emprefs did not much love entertainment. Prince Gallitzin
play; if Qie did play, it wai only wai the occaGon of it. Though
Id Infe. She then held the bank ; above forty yean of age, and even
■ad none were allowed to punt but having a Ion ferving in ihc army,
tbofc to whom Ihe calleil. The in the rsnk cf lieutenant, he wa
perfon that won was immediately made at once page and bulTnon of
paid; bat tt they pliyed with the court, by way of punrfhmrnc
CooBieri. Die never received the for hi< having changed hi^ religion.
tooney of thofe who lolt. Hit firll wife being Jead. the Em-
She wai fnnd of public enicr- prefs told him he rught 10 marry
tainncnti and mofic ; and lent fnr, agaia, and ttiii fhc wnuld be at
from Italy, all that was necelTiry the expencc of the weiidin;*. lie
for tbit purpofe. Comcdiei, aficd accepted the piopofal; aniipitcbing
K: 4 uj-iiB

136 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

Upon a girl in low life^ acquainted
the Emprefi of his choice> and
claimed her promife. The Em-
refsy in giving this entertainment^

all kiada of bedb, as ffcia^dtcf,
dogty oxen, goats, bogs, ku SoM
were mounted oo camels, idnt
the procefion had goae ihescnid

ad a mind, at the fame cime^ to preicribed to ic, it wis htoagH

c kinds of antothednkeof Coatlaad*aridiiib

g

fee how many different Kinas or intotDeoDKCOi v;oariaaa'andii|b

inhabitants thrre were in hecvaft honie» where a flooring of nbus

dominions. Accordingly, (hecaufed had been laid for the porpOK, mL

orders to be difpatched to the go- where there was a diaoer

vernors of the provinces to fend up for them oa fereral tables.

to Pecerfbiirg fcveral perfons of was treated according to the

both fexes. Thefe being arrived, ner of cookery in his own coaatry.

they, at the expence of the court,
were new dreft^ each in the habit
of his refpedlive country.

Monfieur de Walinflcy was ap-
pointed manager of the arrange-
ments for this wedding, and winter
was the feafon chofen for the cele-
bration of it. The Emprefs, to
make it the more completely ex-
traordinary, had a honfe built
wholly of ice: it confided of two
chambers, in which every thing
of furniture, even the bed-place on
which the new- married couple were
to lie, was to be of ice. There
were four fmall cannon and two
mortars, made of the fame matter.
1 he cannon were fired feveral times,
with half an ounce of powder in
each, without buriling ; and little
wooden grenades were thrown oat
of th* moriars, without their being
damaged.

On the wed'ing-day that the
feall was to be celebrated, all the
guells were affembled in the court-
yard of Walinfky : thence thepro-
C' ffion fat out, »nd p ifled before the
impt-rial palace, and through the
principal llreeis of cnetown. There

After the renaft, there was a ball:
each nation nad its own mafic, aa^
its own way of daacing. When
the ball was over^ the bndcgraea
and bride were cond ailed iaio ibe
honfe of ice, when ther were pit
into a difmally cold bed, inch
guards pofted at the door, ikst
they might not get oat befcic
morning.

In the month of Aagot, ikc
court ordered the feianre of MoeC
de WalinOey, minifter of the ci*
binet} of the covnt Monlckii-
Podfchkin, preGdent of cheoolkgc
of trade; of the privy-coonfellcr
Chrontfchew; of the fuperielcs-
dant of the board of works, Je-
repkin ; of the private ferretsryef
the cabinet, Eichler ; and of aso-
therfecretary, called Sowda. There
were feveral crimes laid to Wilis,
flcy's charge, but his greateft crios
was, the misfortune of having in-
curred the duke of ConrlAsd^
difpleafure.

During fome days of coolsefi
bet>%een the Emprefs and herf'*
vourite the duke, Walinfky htA
given this priacefs a memorial, ii

was a great train, cnnfilling of which he accofed the duke o(
more tl.an three hundred perfons. Courland, and feveral others, «|ie

The new-married couple were
plncrd upon an elephant, in a
great cage. The gurft-, two and
twO| were in a fledge, drawn by

were about her Mnjefty. Bst^c
particularly aimed at infufing ia-O
her fufpicions of the duke, and Ki«
Tifed the £mpre(s co dimifs hifl* .

ISCELLAHEOUS ESSAtS. ip

iff hiring made it ap where lie had arrived at tlie rank

•a rice, bad the weak- ofiiiajor>genera]. Having quitted

it memorial Into his the army, he was employed in ths

hich there were but affairi of the ftate. Airead/.ander

till. The duke had the reigo of I*eter I. he had been

d it thin he refolved fcot ai miniAer ioto Perlia ; he had

his fccretary; and ai been fecond cf the embafl/ at the

ti a mat) extremely congrefi of Nemirow ; and coant

itfinoas, and often im- Jagoufiolky (lying towards the end

ii talk, And even in of the year 1736. be bad, tws

the other foon found yean after, the poll oF minllter ■■

lewai leeking. the cabinet, where he could not

ied, and convifled of keep himfclf long, before he ha4

bceogoiltyoffdeeches difpnteswiih coant Olterman^ wba

nd too difrefpeAful naturally did not love parti or wit

Eatprefi add her fa- in hit colleagues 1 having, befidef,

Mt he wai condemned, drawn apon himfelftbe retcntnent

bis hand cut off, and of the doke of Courland, he coald

I. The fentence was not well avoid coming to an uofor-

rhe privy-coanfellor, ttinate end.

and Jerepkin, were [To thefe anecdotei we Hiall add

d, bccaufe they were the aflafGnation of major Sinclair,

ind confidents. The an inftance of the deteftable po-

kin-Poufchkin had his liiici which at that time prevailed

ut; Eichler and Sowda in the court of Peter(bnrgfa.]

:he knout, and were I have precede^ily obferved,

ia. All the ellatei of that there was a talk of a treaty

male perfoni were con- between Sweden and the Porte.

I given to others, who Monf. de Belluchoff'. who reride4

Qefs them lon^ after at Stockholm, in quality of mini.

this manner it I!, that IlcrofRufiia. gave advice to hii

not only money, but court, that major Sinclair bad been

honfei, and moveable), fen t to Conllantinople, whence he

ickerihanin any other was to bring back the rati G cation

Europe. I have feen of this treaty. Upon this news,

e mailers at lead thrice marlhal Munich, by order of the

TOftwoyrars. cabiuei, fent certain officers, ac-

was one that had wit, companied by fome Tubal term, into

idlefi ambition, a grest Pohnd.who were 10 difpcrie ihcin.

te, vanity, and indif- felves into different places, and trf

e was fond of forming to carry otF Sinclair on his reiurn

was all hi) life-time from Conltantinople; to takeaway

turbulent fpirit. Not- all hii lelten and difpaichej, and

g thefe faults, which even to kill him !d cafe of reiill-

^ven know how ti c-n- ance. The officer", ts they could

id raifed hinifelf 1 i th- rot be everywhere, employed fame

fiheempirr. i!(. hid Je»i, and fomeoflhr poorer PaiiOi

erving ia the miiitarv, gentlemen, to get information of

138 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

the arrival of Sinclair, To that the
danger was divulged before he fet
hit foot on the territories of Poland ;
and he had warning from the go-
vernor of Chockzim to take care
of himfelf, for that there were ]/•
ing in wait for him feveral Ruffian
ofiicers, particularly at Lemberg or
LeopoU by the way of which he
liad propofed to pafs. Upon this,
Sinclair changed his rout^ and the
Bafhaw of Chockzim gave him an
efcort that faw him fate to Broda,
where the crown -general of Poland
was, who gave him another efcort,
with which he got fafe into Silefia.
There he thought himfclf fafe;
bot having been obliged to (lop a
few daya at Breflaw, the Ruffian
officers, who learnt by their fpies
the road he had taken, purfued,
and overtook him within a mile of
Newibdel. There they flopped
ftim, took stway his arms ; and,
after having carried him fome miles
farther, raaiTacred him in a wood,
^fter this noble ftroke, they took
Jiis deaths and his papers,in which,
liowever, nothing of confequence
was found. T^e court of Ruffia
liaving had them examined, fent
th^m fome months afterwards by
the poll to Hamburgh, whence
thcv were forwarded to Sweden.

The Emprefs difnvowed this exe-
crable aflion, proteding iolemnly
her having no knowledge of it.
Herminiflers prefented mcmrrials
to all the ccurts, to remove all
fufpicion that might htvebeen en-
tertained of that of Ruffi:i; and
that the afTidins themfflves mi^^^ht
not be able to betray I he fecrci. they
were all fei/rd and fent to Sibeiia,
where they fpcnt lome years in
dungeons, till the Kmprefs Kliza-
beth, aicending the throne, re-
leafed them, and had ihcm placed

in garrifoa^regineata ia theii
moR parts of tne coancry*

Thofe employed ia tkii ttm
were, the fecretary Kattle, atttn
of Silefia, the lieatenants Ld^
witzky and Wefeloaky.boch ftk
jeAs of Ruffia, each of whon hik
two fubahems to affid them. Tte
two firft commitied the aflaink
tion ; the third remained in P>
land, but underwent, neverthclcfib
the fame treatment as the othenu

Certain it is, that the Eaiprcia
did not know the orders ihac «cn
given to the officers about Sinclair,
and that a great part of thefe pi^
ceedings were concealed from her
even after the aOaffiaaiioa. All
this affair was juggled np aaKM|
the duke of Coar land, count OfttN
man, and mariha] Munich.

f We fliall conclude ihu articit
with an account of the manner if
which the eledion of count Bim,
to the dutchy of Coarland, vas
conduced, and fome anecdgtei of
the confequent government of that
country.]

It was in the year 17371 tkst
count Biron was eieAed duke of
Courland. The duke FcrdiaaDd,
of the houfe of Kettier, died at
Dantzick, by which dcmifeallilK
male line was extind. The coart
of Peterfburgh, on receiving ad-
vice of rhis, inllantly ordered ge-
neral Bifmark, governor of Rigs»
toenier ihatHutchy with the trocpi
under his command, to fappcr:(he
eIe£lion of a new duke. The no-
bility of Courland having, in ths
me.'.n while, alTembird at Mi[:at(.
repaired to the cathedral, ^iiere
after having Tung the /'r*/ Crta:y^
Frnell John c!e Biron wa* e!e:icJ
duke of Courl^indby a iraji>ritv of
votes. Here it i$ to be obfcr^ed, ihiS
the general Bil'mark bad poArd

ibmc

MISCELLANEOUS ESSATS.

'»

compsiin «f horfe in thr on a fit^den lie heard perfbni tttk-

b-jard af theuthedril, and ing in tke CourUnd langnagv,

I town, fo tktt tbe elf&ion netr hii carriage; npon which he

not ftil. The nobility of opened it, and God* hirafclf at

and, whick hid been very the deer of his ovn houfe. Hb

lid( and had enjoyed great made hi* compUino lo the doke,

t ander the governmenT of who did not fail of ^Sing the farce

ccedine duke), faw iifclfall of reprefentiDf; his gnevance ts

cddeB in unitt another liiu- the court of Ruffia, whence an aa-

No Qoe dnift open hia f»er came, that if he coald point

I wilhoRt incurring the rifqoe out (he per font who had done thii

ng feized, and feat to Sibe- aftioa, hewould take care to have

for Mecuting ihi>, a moft them r/goronlly pnniQied.
■lar nethodofprocedDrewai

The party who had given ' '

I by (peaking wa;, in the y^,,, iMlfri, fiff»/iJ « ia-ot fym

Rt he the leaft ibanght ofii,
i^dofby prrlbni in mafts,
llrew him into a covered car-
and conveyed him to the re-
provincr* of R uflia. There
frveral of ihefe feicoret ai-
I wiih fpiriiing anay in that
T during (he three yean thai
ke ErncA J'lhn reigned, hat
antont otheti fo fingnlar
I comtc, tha: I cannot well
lie .temptation of infcriing it

virit/tM ij tbt ttUh^U M.

MoDtefquieii.

LETTER I
To M. le Cheralier d« BavART.

IWA S not at ••• when yoor
lellrr came ; yoo embarrnfi mt
greatly; I Oialj only anftver yoa
for the plea^are of entertaining
myfelf with a man who i) nucS
better able to refolre the doubta
^ntleaian, whofe name mtt which he propofrd, than tbe per-
4, Handing one evening be- foo to whom he fent thrm.
ledoororhiicoonEry-honfe, I am niit of your opinion wirh
irriett off and thrown into regard to defpoiifm and defpotic
princes. It app;ar) to Die horri-
ble and abfu'd to the lafl de-
gree that a whole people flioold
blindly fubj^ft themfeli-ei to the
caprice of one, even if he were
an angel. P^>r my own pan, [
would not live under him a fingk
day, Tnii angel may become la
, thirning af-
ter blood. Defpocifm ii to me tbe
moft abominable and difgnftful of
all bad governmenii; man is per-
petually cruAied, debafed, and
drgraded by it. Look into hif-
tory, ancient and nodcra, if ever
(licre

thefe covered carriage*. He
or ne^r two yean carried

feveral province*, wi;hoo
ng h!tn lo fee any huma
re, not even hij cnndaflnr
'Ivri ever appearing befor
irefaced. At iheen.iofiha

one night the hotfei wer

out of [he carriage.

and he

led quietly till ihe ni

czp'^.'lat'on of being ni3i<e
iiinue hif journey as uf.ial.

day-light came on,
le'a coming to hia,

I40 ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

there wss one upon earth that was overthrow the ftatff. Ami'
not an infulc on mankind, and che fenfe and generoitf may, ill*
difgrace of human nature. Mo- years lime, eieA hiBCelf iM*

narchy would doubilefs be the beft
of govern men t% if it was poflible
to find fuch kings as Henry IV.
the only one who ever deferved che
homage and veneration of his fob-
jecls. Kings (hould always be
brought up in a fchool of afflidlion,
as this great man was ; fuch alone
are truly great, and the lovers of
mankind. Before we can feel for
the misfortunes of others, we maft
ourfelves have been unfortunate.
But on the other hand^ the hearts
of princes corrupted by profperity,
and th^ flaves of pride and folly,
are inaccelfible to pity, and infcn-
fible of true glory.

I am Dot at all furprifed, that
in monarchies, and efpecially in
our own, there (hould be fo few
princes worthy of eAcem. Incir*
ded by corrupters, knaves, and
hypocrites, they accuilom them-

felves to look upon their fellow-
creatures with difdain, and fet no

value on any but the fycophants,

who carefs their vices, and live in
perpetual idienefs and inadlivity.

Soch is generally the condition of

a monarch ; great men are always

fcarce, and great kings Hill moie

fo. Add to this, that the fplcn-

dor of a monarchy is (hort and

iranfitory. France is already funk

into mifery and difgrace; an age

more will annihilate her, or (he

will fall a prey to the fird intrepid

conqueror.

The Englifli government has

nothing to fupport it but a delufive

outfi(ie, extremely flattering to the

people, who fancy ihemfelves the

fole governorit. I do not know any

country where it is more eafy to

create fuch cpendifTcnficns as m?y

years

defpotic prince wi k BMireLfRyt

London than at Mofeow : rcw9^

ber Cromwell. Moaey atoai 1l

fufficient tocorrnpt the whole |H»

liament.

The greats ever food of licha
and power« and proiraic tt ihi
feet of fortane» who always atiodi
the throne, will proiBoie the nan
oftheir mafteri and the great qb«
gained over, this phaoioaaof libfltt|^
which appeared at interrals ia fjm
convuliive notions of the cea-
mons, which awakeas, fliaka ii-
felf, and foon vaniffliet, will be
totally annihilated at the iri £g-
nal given by the fnpreme raler*

1 know indeed of no nonaichy
that is fixed» coaftant aad pc^
fedl ; the wifeft kings opprefs thdff j
fubjcAs to arrive at defpotifa. :

Adieu, my friend ; live in ftceA
and obfcuritr. Solitude will pro>
cure you the beft and troeft plei*
fure, felf-content. The fooliA
and the wicked, feen af;.r ofp wil
only excite your compafioa; w
look nearly upon them, •eaM
raife your contempt and iadigii-
tion.

I write this in hafte; we will
treat this matter more fully ia ihr
free intercourfe of gniltlefs fncad-
(hip.

LETTER IL

YOU a(k me in what cooaVT
a man may enjoy the aiot
prrfe^l liberty ? In every placep
mv dear Philinihns, where ihert
are men and laws. The wife mn
is free even in the coart of •
tyrant, becaufe his happinefs ^

pcads on himfelf. Reafon M

confcicBCC

MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS. 141

« ue die tbrtme of hit

Itii not in the power of
ajallicc, or any thing ellV,
K kU foni, or dtllurb hii

He rrjoicei id hiiTirelf,
fOf it ilwiT* calm, per-
il^ dcltghilBl.
I 70a, ny friend, becaafe
iolence and iniquity every
Bitted by wicked mioiKeri.
ch and great, by almoS
u ID place and power;
0 therefore iniirely bini^h
fron that focicty to which
iadebied for every thing,
which every hoDell*and
nberof it Ihould yield up
out repining at the inju.
hbefuFeri from it? Be-
prince baric* himfelf in

debaocheryi becaufe he
«, opprefliri, and dcflroys,
become an exile from your

leave your friend), and
! poor and iflifled, who

yoD for relief, and rend
ri with their complaints?
ricnd, you have too much
r, Drfpife the injull and
ioce; but love mankind,
e all. (he unfortunaie and
. Avoid the impeioous
it of a court ; forget, if

that your king ii fur-

with perverfe, wicked,
effive mcD, who Lugh at
rancc, and av-iil ihem*
r hit weiikoefi. Fly to
It, in fearcb of that k~
odfliip and felicity, uhich
- to be found in the feaii

and grandeur, or in the
• and deluGve tumulct of
meiropolii. Bring wi:h
V friend*, as worthy and
<* yourfcir. Read I'Uio,
e.Charron, and Rabelais i

onrlclf in t(\t of kiodQcfi

to the poor labourer!, the onlf
cre:^ture) upon eirth who are al>
way) miferdblr, perpcluylly toil-
ing tofupply the iieceOities of na_
tore, and vifiims to the cruel ra-
pacity of the farmer.' -general, who
grind and oppreft them.

Thu) will you enjoy the moft
delicate and lively of all pleafuret,
the pleafure of doing good, the
only confolatioa that can riconcila
ns to the roifcriei of buman life.
When once you are habituated to
a country life, joy and- peace will
revive in your difquieted and un-
eafy mind, which will grow Droog
and great, raifing iifelf by degreea
to the celeftial region] ofgeniui
and philofophy. There, free »t
the air you breathe, throw out your
thoughts ai they arife ; your foul
will then flioat forth fuch diviae
£amei ai fhaJI warm and enlighten
even the cold and ignorant. Whtti
you have £Iled your paper, ar-
range and correfi the whole, and
I Mill tell you with the utmoA free,
dom my opinion of it. Adieu,
my dear friend: with a heart of
fuch delicate fenfibiliiy ai youri
is, ycu:h, health,' and ■ tolerai
ble fortune, you mufl be bapp^,
if happincfi u the portioa of vir-
tue,

LETTER m.

YOU are right my dear Phi-
linihui, in beUL'ving and af.
feriing to all your friends that edu-
cation makei the man. That i-
lone i) the parent of every virtue ;
it i) the moll facred, the oiol) ufe*
ful, and at the fame time the moft
neglected thing in limoll every
country, and in every flation of
lite. But too many vague and
iibfradicftble ralct have beta laid

142 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

^owD on this important fubje^V.
Even the wife Locke« the great in-
firnAor of mankind, it fometimes
Siiftaken, like other writers* All
education (hould have an eye to
governmenty or we Irfeour aim.
The man of patience and under,
fiandifig will tonfider well the
mind he ha» to form and inftruA ;
be will ittfufeby little and little
maxims miapted to his age, and
failed to h\s genin?, rank and ca-
pacity. I know ihat there are
f(?me foils bnrren and ungrateful,
and which will never anfwer the
labour of the cultivator. But be.
iides thai fuch are very uncommcny
Jamimlined to fulpt^^* that fre-
quently the tiller has neither
llrength nor (kill enough to dig
into and improve it as he ought.

There is one radical vice in
France, which may perhips never
be extirpated, becaufe ii comes
from the women, who, amongft
uf, interfere in every thing, and
in the end ruin and deilroy
every thing. A child is focn
fpoiled in tlieir hands, from two
years old to fix, when he is de-
livered up, ^itliout confidcra-
tion, to a man whom he has neitiier
ften nor known. The tutor, per-
haps a fellow of no c**irai:1er, takes
charge cf him, not frcjm inclina-
tion, but merely for his own in-
ti.rtll. For ten fLCcccdini^ years
be vegetates in the narrcw circle
of a collpge, or in the uiiirrprov-
ing convcrfc am! f. cieiy of prating
females of queliry. Thefc tururs
ar?? gcnLfiiliv apj'ointed l>y the \wc-
jncn, whc feluom look uny furilur
than the outfuie ; ncvir rrrfi-icr-
ing pirfuiial merit, which ihcy
hive not Icnfc enough to ihii::^
guilh, having r.tvtr habit 'lared
thenifeK'es to rrtltct on? nomsut
00 any thing ferious or ui'c fui.

9

Another circamilaBce lii||tk
prejadicial to edocatson* and wA
difgufls and deters men of ardl
from engaging in it« it the Bah
regard paid to the istor or prcctp>
tor, who onght to be refpeAed ■
a father, wiiofe place be si ia t
great meafare intended to fopplyt
he to wjim ia intruied the Mr
of an illnflrioas name and fiailyi
he who is to form the worthy do-
£(S, and the good fabjcA ; who
is to do honour to bis nak aal
chsradler, and become the glorf
of his country. Sacfa are the aob
charged as they are with lb impor-
tant an office, who, in the fafbioa-
able uorld, are fo often de/pifel
and iiUtreated, and even foae-
times fulFered to peri(h for wnu
Such abufes. If they become geic-
ral, mull point out a (hamrfol tad
univerfal depr.ivtty of manacn.
Our nobility indeed are free froa
this reproach ; if they pay hot ia-
differently, they make amends by
the weight of their intercft, and a
thoufjnd engaging civilitiei, for
the fmall appointment which tbeir
fdrtune will } ermit them to allow.
Yuur rich financiers, on the other
han.'^, who are naturally morofr,
proud, and ofleutatioos, IcldoBi
p?y a man without affronting hio:
hiving nothing but money togivCf
ih'-y "nr^c vou with it.

In Fr»n>.e the wen: en rnin etery
thinp;, bccaule they ihiok then-
ielvc> fit fur every thinr, and (be
men nrv wcr.k and chiidilh enough
to huinc.ur their caprice. Na'nre
n;UwithiUinding maJe them bot
ti> obey, nnd t«he weaknefs of their
conr.itu'Ivn every d;^y prints cot
t<) us tl.e weaknefs of their f?s«
With rr^iaid to ci^ucation, it i»
wor'.c ar couit th^n iu an\ o h»
J ■^liC ; tin- governor having 3 i**-
I-oiic power over his pupii, it--''

MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS.

iw sp in ignorance and
)II> hi! head with the
f fafliioa, and puffi him
ihe ooiion of his own
a contenpt of the in-
.cwatare* that crawl be-
. Bvcry thing around

be made fublervient to
tor advancement. Every
fall down before him on
nice. He never talks to
oaiog the royai virtoes
na throne, jullice, con-
;ficence, intrepidiiy, and
Tglory; therefore it is,
ngll our kings, we dc-
jreatman ; for I call not
cror by that name, bat
iCder bim ai the terror,
ind difgrace of huo)an-
ic whom the people are
their twn iniercft lo de-
fbon a> the flame of his

breaks forch in pro-
mghter and opprelTion.
Xll. was honeftandjull,

and ignorant. Francis
boaSer, cruel, and a pre-
wit. Henry IV. brave
lanimons; but too much

obeyed, idolised, bated, morti-
fied, and abaadoned. He lived
like a fulian, and died like a wo-
mnn. Hia reign wai immorta-
lized by the lowcft of bi* fnb-
je£ta.

ll is therefore, my dear Philia-
tbus, impoflible there Ihoald ever
be a great man amongtl our kings,
who ate made brutes and fooli of
all iheir livrs, by a fet of infamoM
wretchei, who farround and be-
fet them from the cradle to the
grave.

women ever to become a
*r. Lewi* XIV. at once
aieft and meaneft of
, would have excelled
monarch} in the oiii-
!ic bad not been corrupted
iilh by bafe and ambiiious
. A Have during his
eto pride and vain. glory,
really Lived hi, fubjrfli.
a moment t yet expected
ne t>me, like a true arbi-
oce, that they (bould fa-
lemfelves to his will ard
Intoxicated with power
ideur, be imagined the
irldwas made but to pro-
hapfineft. Hi: was feared*

Litttr frtm Voltaire t» tbt Duit ^
Vaiiere;/rc« Voltaire's i«re-/,
}attlj IranflaJtd hy Dr. Frank-
lin.

YOU referable, my lord, the
heroes of ancient chivalry,
by thus expoGng your own perfoa
in defence of your faithful follow. '
ers, when in danger; but the tit-
tle error which you led me into hai
been the mransof diljplaying jroor
profound erndition. Pew grand
falconers would hare delivered (be
Strments Ftfliw, printed in ijoi.
Raillery apart, lo put yourfelf in
the breach for me, was an aftioo
worthy of your noble heart.

You told me, in your firft let-
ter, that Urceus Cudrus was «
great preacher ; your fccond in.
forms me h; v.!,% a %Te^i liberitue,
but no cordelier. You nfc pardon
of St. KraKcis and all the hi-^Wit:
order, lor the cnmrmpi into which
I am fallen. 1 join with you, and
put on my periieniiali ; but it fli!l
.-emaios true, that thir myllericj re-
pr.fenied at lHit H.xel de Bour-
pogne were mere di-cca: than moA
ofour modern lemons. Place who
we plcafe in the room of Urceus
' Cudrus,

144 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

Codras, and we (hall yet be in the
right. There is not a word in the
ayftericsoffenfiveto piety and good
nanners. Forty people would ne-
ver agree to write and a£l facred
poems in French, that (hould dif-
^uft the public by (heir indecency.
and of courfe oblige them to fliuc
up their doors. But an ignorant
preacher, who works by himfelfy
and is accountable to none for
what he does, who hat no idea of
decorum, may very probably ati-
▼ance fomc ridiculous things in his
fermon, efpecialiy when he deli-
irers it in Latin. Such, for in-
ftance, are the difcourfcs of the
cordelier Maillard, which yon gn-
doubcedly have in your large and
valuable colledUoR ; in his fermon
on the Thurfday in the fecond
week of Lent, he addrefTrs himfelf
thus to the lawyers wives that
were gowns embroidered with
gold.

<* Vou fay yoa are cloathed ac-
** cording to rank ; go to the de-
*< vil, b>^ics, you and your rank
•• together. You will tell mc,
" perhaps, our hulbands don't
•* give us ihcfc fine gowns; we
.** earn them by the indul!ry of our
** own fweet bodies : thirty thou-
•* fand devils tal:e your induftry,
** and your bodies too."

I will not put you to the blufh,
by quotingr any more paiTages from
brtjther MailUrd; but if you will
take the trouble to look into him,
you will finJ lomc flrokrs worthy
cf Urceus Codrus. Brcclier An-
drew and Minot wrre likjwife fi-
mous for their filt'iinefs. The

f^ulpit was not indeed always pol«
uied by obfccnity ; but for a long
time fermon!> were little better than
|he myfl^ries pf the Hotel dc Dour-

gO^QC,

It muft be ackaowledgedi dft
the members of what ihcy tall 4i
reformed church in Fraoce, wm
the firft that brought reafooiof ml
fl^umeat into iheir difcoiHa
When we want to change Ai
ideas, and alter tht pricipla if
men, we muft make a(e of rttiai|
but this was ftill very farfroaclo-

Suence. The polpit, the bar, lit
age, philofophy. litcrainre, ik»-
logy, evcry^ thing we conU boil
of in thofe times, fone few partii
culars excepted, were beneaih tk
common pieces exhibited aia cou»
try fair.

True tafte was not elabliid
amongft us till the reign of |mi
XIV. It was this which long iaci
det(.iiiiined me to attempt a Aigkl
iketch of that gloriovi yn; aai
you maft have obferved, in iJhI
billcry, the age is my hero mm
than Lewis himfelf, what refpcA
and gratitude foever nay be docli
his memory.

It is true indeed, that, ia gcae*
ral , our neighbours made no greairr
figures than ourfclves. How hip*
pened it t^at men cooid preach Mr
ever, and yet preach fo badly I ud
tbac the Italians, who had fo loa;
before Hiook off their barbarirj ia
other refpefls, with regard to tha
pulpit were but foraany harlci^'jiei
with furplices on I Whilft at the
fame (ime the Jerufalem of T«£o
rival'd the Iliad, and Orlaoda
Furiofo furpaHed the OJyfTcyj
Pallor Fido had no moJcI in &il
antiquity, and Raphael «nd Paul
Veronefe aftually [Crlcrn^ed mbil
w<is only imsgincd of Zcuxia aai
Appellc'S.

You mull ccrtJinlr. mv ^of^t

■ ■

have read the council cf Tres^
There is not a peer in the km;-
dc^n, I fuppofe, who doei ttvi

perc::

)

I

MISCELLANEOUS ESSArs.

H5

bne pirt of it every

ibe ferrnon cited

che coIIef;ei wbere youth were edo-

speainr of the coancil by
np or Bitonto.
»n*n, firft, that the coun-
leceflary, bcHore feveral
I have drpr-Ctd kings and
-a. Secoodly, bec^ufe, in
i«id, Japiter alTeinbles a
ofthe goda. Thirdfy, be-
t the creaiion of mm, and
Mint of Babel, God ai-
to it ih the

ikilh iheotoKitf'
fpirit ivhtch flnirhed ihebarbanTni
that the colIegM had intioduced.
A genius, ai Taflb wa. rrad Vir-
gil, and produced the Jerurilcm.
A merchant read T-tfnce, and
wroteMandragnra : but what monk
or curale, at that time of dav,
read Tolly or Dcmoilhenei? A
poor and wretched fLhoiar, grown
half an ideot by being obliged,
for four year* together, toget Jshn

Holy Ghoft would open
OBihi like the (nouthi of
and Ciiphai.

my lord, wai preached

, ars together, togetjshn
Heinfifli on it, a little Defpautere by heart; an<f half a
■at the council (hould re- madn^m by fiippor;ing a thefii A
lafelve* to thirty, like the reiui ii farlibm , on thoughts and
Btke Trojan horfe. And, caicgoric, received his cap, and
aftrii, that the gate of hii letteraof recom^nendaiion, a!<d
and the gate of ihe coud- away he went to preach to an au.
the fane thing. That liv- dience, three parti of whom were
cr flowed from ii, with greater fools, and worfc educated;
:he holy father* Ihould than himfelf.
tbeir hearts, which were The people lillened to ihefe the-
ui-f*; or, in lieu of this, ological farces with ouiOretched
fixed eyei, and oped
mouth*, as cbildten do to Aorira
witches and apparitions, and
irned home perfeA penitents,
ill the general ftate* of The fame fpirit that m«de then
dam. The fermon of St. give ear to the nonrenfe of a foolifh
of Padaa to the Gfh is UiU mother, led them to ihefe frrmont ;
raoa* in Italy than thai of which they attended the more di.
tpofBitooto; we may ex- ligently, as it coil them nothing.
ercfore. our brother An- It was not till the time of Coef-
rolher GarafTe, and all the feteau ftnd Balz .c thit hmr.
of oar pnlpili in the fix- prejchers began to talk- rational-
ind feventeenth centsrie), ly; thniigh at the fame lime they
were but oa a level with were verv lirefflme. B^urdaloue,
Icri the Italians. What inftiort, was the iir!t man of any
e the caufe of ihii grofs eloquence in the pulpi-. Of thi»,
r, fo unlverfallv fprod Burnet, bifnop of Sjjifbury, beats
ly in the time of Ta(rni leltlmoiiy, in his Meini.jr>; wn-:e
nee in the dtys of Min- he itlls us, that, in travellic;;
, und -.he chancel- lhr<-U(;h Pr^mc-, he wai allonilhej
r I'.i^- at hi< irrmnni; and (hat IJoorda-
■ H w louerefonned the priJchrriof Knu.
of ;■?- larJ. Js *e;i as th.fe of (■'riDC!-.

iirJalPue mi;ht be flU-d al-
m.iit the Corneilitf of the pu'pii.

Hofpital ;
the age ot liji
d it that theft r

s they

146 ANNUAL R EGISTER, 1770.

as MaffiHon becAme afcer«rards the
R^icine of it. Not that 1 me^n to
compare an art, half p'-of;ine» to a
ffiniftry ivell-nigh hi.lv ; nor, on
the other hand^ the little difficulty
of making a grod fe rmon to the
great and inexpreflv^^Ie one of com-
pofing a good tragedy. L only fay*
thtft Bourdalouc carried the art of
leafoning a^ far in preaching as
Corneilk did in the drama: and
that M^ffiilonllu.iicd to b'j as elegant
in profe, as Racine w.:s in vcrfe.
True indeed it is, that Bourdaloue
was reproached as well as Cor«
ntiil'*, for brin;i too much of a law-
ytrg tor preferring argument to paf-.
fion, and fometime*^ producing but
indifferent proofs. MafnllunyOn the
o^her hand, chofe rather to paint,
than toaffeA; he imitated Racine
as much as it was pcflible to do it in
proie: not forgetting, at the fame
time, hbU\U lo afTcrc^ that all dra*
matic authors would be damned.
Ev.'.ry quack, you know, muft cry
up his cwn noiirum, and conaemn
thole, of others. Ilii llile is pure ;
his defcriptions moving and pa-
thetic. Read over this pofl'age ca
the hum^inityof the ^re^t.

** Ala&! if any of us have an
** cxcofe for being moiofc, wh'm-
'* rical, and melancholy, a bur-
** then to OLTf.-lves and ail abcut
'* us^ it rouii 1h thofc miferaliie
** wretvhe?, whom mi>foriures,
«• cal.imitie5, homi'-felt n»»rfiri!v,
*' and giooniy cares, ptrpcujally
«' furround. They m'ght be for-
given, if with mourn! Mg, b<t«
ler nef, and difpair aiready ia
iheir hearts, the marks of it
fhou.d fumciimrs ?ppe \r in their
*< external beh vi^ur. But ihail
*« the rreit and hjppy ».f \ s
•* worlo, whom joy «ii d plcifure
«« awcompany, wh III cvry thing
'< fmilei ;'roun 1 th m^ (h il tbrfe
•« pretend lo derive, cvea ttoui

€€

• C
«<

• <
««
€t
€4
««
<<
«<
€€

their felicity, an excofe for thvir
churlifiiaefs and caprice} ShJl
they be melancholy, di(qaietei|
and anfociablcy bccaate thrf
are more happy? Shall ikf
look upon it at tke pritilegeof
profperity to opprefi with iht
weight of their ill komour tki
poor and unfortanate, who al*
ready groan beneath the yoke of
their power and auibority?"
Rccollea, at the fam« tia^
efe lines in Britannkus :

Tout ce qucvout voyesconf^

a vOa deHrs^
Vos jours toujoura ferins coaktf

duns les plaifirs
L'fmpiie en eft poarvoi>P!B*

epuifable fource^
Ou fi que .que chagrin cn iatcr«

rompt la courie.
Tout runiveri, foignaat dt !c&

entreienir
S'ompre/Te a I'effiacer dc fOUf

foiivenir.
Britannicui efl feul, qnelqa'cn-

nai qui le prcfle,
II ne vnit dan«( fon fort que Boi

qui !*interefle,
Et n'a pour tous plaifitt, fd|-

neur, quequelquc pleurs
Qui lui foot qucl^uefots oaUkr

fes malhcur^.

Whatever then feeft confpiitst*

m&ke thee happy.
Sir ne thv da)S m endlefi plea*

fures How,
Frr:m the wide empire's qmx#

h u'led fpring;
Or if intruding forroi»» for 1

\hi'e,
Brciks in upon thv jors, lU

^»or;dilfel^
S'i'i anxiou* for thy £0.id, »itk

ardour ftrives
T<« blot otti every p«infal M

idea.

MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS. 14}

1 (!*« tliM pcMc again,— plo^fd in removing all the wMnu

ritaanicatt and oKcStiei of mankind } and*

m rime, it left alone ; when when Lent ccmci, alTun iron, tbaf

im opprefi, the carch is barren and accnrfed.

ily I, participate hii griefi, Thefe common place*, wilb a few

all hii-eoofbrt ii Ibe tear* flourifiiing phrsfei, c^rry them op

Qwi, from one end of the year to lift

ich romeitmei malcet tbe other.

retc)i fergci hit forrowa. The preachcri in Engltad lbL>

low another method, which weald

omparing theft two paflitgei not fait ni at all. The deepeft

tr, I perceire the Icholar, book of metaphyfici wbicb laef

were, contending with hii have ii CJarke'i femons*: ons

I could fliew f OD twentjr wonld imagine he bad preached

nample* of the fame nj|tnre, only to pbllofopher^, who perhapi

at I fm afraid of being too, at the end of evtijr period,

I. mifihi have required of him ■ long

fitlon and Cheninai* Icb'w explanation ; and the Frrntbmm»

: by heart, and difgaifed the #' LtiJaw, ta lulnm K»iki*g ttuid

of that divine poet in iheir hi frt^ti, wnold fooo iiafe left

trofe. In the fame manner ih' preacher there. His difcourfea,

preachers learned ihe art of howpver, make an excellent boofc,
laiioo from Baron, and cor- which very few nnderftind. What
the geSure of ibe comedian a difference there ii between nges
t of the facred orator, ^a- and naiioni I and how far off sre
:*» be a Hroiiger proof than brother GaralTe and- broiher An*
bat the arts at Irall are drrw from Moffillon and Clarke I
1, ihoflgh the ariili) ihem> From my ftudy of hiftory 1 hare
ire far from being fb. at leaft learned, that tiie tiroei w«
worS of fermoni ii, that live in are certunly of all timet
e only fo many d-clamaiiooi the moft enlightened, in fpite of
d con. Tbc fame man who oar bad btxiki, a* thryare * Ifo ihs
d lalt Sunday that there wai moll happy, in ipitec^fome cafual
:ity in grandeur, that crown* ni^fortunei: for what man of lei-
ra<, that court! are full of ter< can be ignorant that good laft*
; bat illuRrioui wretch*!, wm brought into France about the
itjoyisfpreadoter the fiirei time ot Cinni, and the prt^iHCsal
(loor, will tell vou, (he Lmtrif or where is he, who hai
- after, that the lower part any knowledge of hiflory, thai
kind is condemned to mi- can point out a period of time,
d forrowj and that the rich from the day; of Clovii, mote hap-
-at mull one diy pay for py than wb«t hai (.-alTed lince the
togeroo! profperity. aera when Lonii X|V. began to
ywitlirfotm you, in Ad- reign by himielf, down to the pre-
hat God i) perpetually em- fent moment? I defy the mnft
L z malevolent
irke'i reitnoni are by no meant, ai Mr. Voltaire here iflmt, all me-
al: I'l'lc indetit on the being of a God, tte. are reriainly To; hut
e wiih* a» many exceUcnt, pHio, ptaAiol dilcourlM in ■■■-- —"-"-—
' of Mu belt writcia.

148 ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

in<ilevolfDC to cell me what age he
would prcff r to our own.

We mud do julkice; we muft
acknowledge that, at prefenty a
ceomctiician of foor-and-twenty
knows more than ever Defcartes
did; and that a country vicar
preaches more fenfibly than the
grand alaoner of Lotii* XFi. The
nation is better inHru^eJ, our
Hilc io eeaeral is mtch in>proved«
and confe^ueatly the minds of men
greatly fuperior now to what they
were formerly.

You will fav, perhap«, tHat oar
»gc is at preicnt on the decline,
and chat we have not fo much ge-
nius and abilities among u« aa ue
had in the j;lori( U!i day« of Louis
XIV. Gtnius, I prant you, de-
cay ; bu: knowledge is increalVd.
A thoufand painters, in the time
of Salvaior Rofa, were not wt^rth
a Raphael, or a Micba'l An^elo;
but the thoufand painters formed
by Raphxl and Michii.i Angelo
competed a fchool intiniiely (upe*
rior to that which thofe two great
men found eftabliihed. We have
noff indeed, ac the cl^fe of our
ine age, a Maflillon. or a Bour-
daluue^ a Eolfuety or a Ftneion:
but the pt)orcll of our preler.t
preachers is a DeinoHhcnes, in
comparifon with all thole who
preached from the tiirc': of St.
K'-mi to thofe of brother C> vudc.

There is mere t!itf«'rt»o'*f hctwtre-n
the word of our mod-rn tr.ijjet'ies
nrid the piei*e5 of jodciic, th in lie.
'v*^een the Athaliiih cf Racir.c and
the Maccabcfs of La .Vloite, or the
Mofe:> of the ahhe iN al •!. Upon

and mine always adding lo ite
Dumber : thefe are bot ft* aanvia*
leAi, which (hnoce tkc abvadaaa
of fruits and tiowers; yet ice noa^
of them in a barren foiU Yoa tril
obfervct that m thde little piccfi
that are prrpetoally coflsiag ooi,
drftroved one by aootber, aai all
of them, io a fiew days, CDBdeaiafd
to eternal oblivion^ there is of'.ca
more tarte and delicacy than yoa
will find in all the books »ritTn
before the ProvtMciml Lttfrrj, Sack
is our affluence in wit» when cos-
pared fo the poverty of iwelii
kundred years pad*

if ynu examine into the preirM
ftate of our manners, lawi, govra-
mrnt, and fociety, you wiU M
my acconnt ftridly juft. I ditc
from the moment Louii XIV.
took the reini iato his own haad,
atid would aflc the moft esafperaud
citic, the graveft panepTriS of
limes pall, whether he dvrtt cod*
pare the prefenc period with tfcat
when the archoifliop of Parii «eat
to pirl lament wich a poigoarJ ii
his pocket? Or would he pre^rr
the preceding age, when the M
minilfer was (hot, and his wife cod-
demned to be burned frtr a witcbJ
Ten or tweUe years of the grra
E^lenry ]V. appear happy, aKrr
foriy cf abominations and norrars«
that make one's hair flafitl ancac;
but whilii the belt of princei ^^
employed iis healing our woandi,
they bled on every tice. Tne poi*
kin of the league infeAed fv^'T
mind ; familifs were dividrd^ il^t
manners of men Kartb and dif*
agreeable. I'^'anaMcifiii rrigncd

the whole, in the prodMChons of univeria-ly, except at the cour'*

the mind our artiAs fail ihorc of
thole who Aourifhrd in liiit oawn
and meridian of our ^oi«ien itgv ;
but the nation itfcif ii improved.
Y19 are ovcr-tua indeed »viUi trifles ,

Consmerc^, indeed, began to is*
crcaie ; hut was nut, as yf*i, st*
tended v-ith muy great advaotaff?*
Society had no charms, our citir*
au p^ilice; ail the »^atarts m

MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS. 149

COBTnieBCn of life were taiVntrf d'f'dpMiit, ttade, ntvigt-

ig. Pigorc to yooHelf, tian, rlir fiuc a'ts, oiagninceocc,

e Hmc, a hundred thou, (dfte, an.-I grnira, »]] beg, in in ihe

uiion* coMmi-.ud ia the lime o( Lewi* XIV. Some uF them

iwt, aiaidl) che mini of arc npcnii.g [tj pcricfliuo in out

in afbei. Kvra lo the awn age, which i meant la inliaa.

raiKH 1. y»u will fee nie, arnen J aJvinc>d, that ever/

d wiihuurblood, a king thing herecofure wat ruJe and

Madfid, and theenemjr Wb^roui, and ihr pulpit .inongll

ft of our provincri, them. Urcem Codrui moll ccr*

me of Fmirr Petri^ wai taiM<y wai not woith talkiog fo

jtm'n XII but tKit ff )<>n^ about t bm be hit furoiibed

(bote very u«ibriun;<te n><: with lelkcroni which m^y nut

■fld wai fo himrdf: pertiap* be iniirely urcteli; we

offtily, duped br the fhouM cndea*uur todr^w Ibmead-

(oered by Henry VIII. »«ntage from e»ery thing.

J to bribe him in m^rry _

ie Wdt agood king, over

ilti««ted people, wi.hout m i^rrt tbt/*iU-uhg Ull,r,mtrtlf

anofaaorej the houfei t,jbttu ibt Jrptetf Cr.dii Jut I*

Ul built with lath aod VaUMt'^HiJi^'jojrtwtitGnat^

nd moll oftKemcoverrd „ . ^

,. Wf^owouldnotMiber To Mr. ROUSSEAU- of

ttodrfaKUodkiag.over Touloofe.-Dirtaor of ihe R.-.

iMknt and wife, ihungh cyciopeduo Journal, printed at

and ntrthievoui? B'Uili.n, coacernitig a teller

tber you go back into inkrted lothe Si. Jamea'iChru-

., the mo.e f-vage you »■■='*. Jo'r. '76>-

em ; which renJcrtOur i> > R> Fcrney, Ofl. lo, 176^

ifgufttul, ih>i t^c have TN aorwertoyuun of Augaft 14,

I to Make chronological X ''**' which 1 an grettly obliged

w ia columni, (vfaeie to rou, I muit inform you, ih't the

I BecefTary ii infaned, duke of Grafton, who h4t beca in

ankhich isulcLfiomit- my neighboumood for Tome (ime

c fake of thofe cnnoui pait, Qtewed me, in the Si. Jamn'i

a arc deAiou) of know. CbroaUlr, a letter altiibuted to

L ytar the Sufbonue wai me; but apparently the produce

Bil arc in doubt whc- of C'^b-llteet, or (he charnel-

^uellrian ftatue in the houl'e of St. Jnnoccat. I nuA be

letlial of l>aiiti>orPhi- obliged, oui of regard to my cba-

iaorfhiltp the Pair. ra^r, to con trad id tbii iroperti-

.he 1 ruth, we have itot nem rhapfody in all the EagliO^

properly e«i8eJ above papcn. M*nof fenfeandcanai'or

tut, Lawi, police, know what tiedit U to be ^ivee 10

L ) idle

vre It ihi* lime 11 Pari* three RonlTeaut ; Mr. Rouflnu of Too.
rh.br4tfil John Baptilt KoulTou, an cmintnt uuel 1 aoJ iIm: famuO*
RuoReau ni Geiicvj, equally dillinguilheit tar hit rxirdordinary

tnf-cniou* )>ar>ik>xi:i, and the pcrlecuiivo* which be hu liiSual

ani entliufiai'm.

t5o ANNtrAL k£GlSt£R, 1776.

idle reports of this kind, whicYi the
public is over-ran with, and hear-
tily tired of.

With regard to the German cri-
tique on my Hiftory of peter the
. Create I (hall be glad to fee it in
your Journal. Thofc remarkf,
which are fenHble and judicious,
will be of fervice to me in the fe*
cond volume. I may very probably
be miftalren in fome points, though
I have followed as nearly as I could
the memoirs fent me from * Peter f-
bur}^B*

't'liere was a grofs error in the
manufcript concerning religion;
the patriarch Nicholas was mif-
taken for the patriarch Photius,
who lived an hohdred years before
him^ l^his has befen correded in
leveral copies. In another place,
Apraxin is put for NariDtin. As
to matters of fadl, if they are con-
tefted, the archives of Peterft^rgh
muft anfwcr for me. My tiiftvrj
•f Charles XIT. was feverely criti-
cifed ; the citicifms are forgotten,
the hiftory remains.

dn jfcftint of the mehle AqueduS of

Alcantara, hy *u:hich Upon is

fuf plied. From ^zuMx^y Journey.

OU R author, after defcribing
the Arfenal, proceeds ^t fol-
lows:

But I went to fee another of
another kind in the afternoon,
which furpaiffs it by fjir in point
of bulk as well as magnificence.
I mean the AfntduQ in the valley
Isf Alckntares^ bv which Lifbon is
fupplied with almoft all the water
that is afcd by the inhabitants.

That vallty is fank bcl
rocky an.f barren dcclivii
Acjuedud, for aboat a qi
mile, which is the bread
valley* rdns tranfverfel|
from the fommit of th
declivity to the of^Msit
of the Ciftem. A long
fquare pillars fopporis it
2ive yon an idea of tkc
It is enongh to fay* Ibi
their fides meafures oe«
and the other of ar ihirti
the length of my fwor
was the only inflroroent
take fuch meafares ; nod
between the two middle-
lars is fuch, both in br^
height, that a fifty-gun
her fails fpread might paf
without obttrud'oo. Ho*
the pillars are not oftqni
fions With the two eentral
grow lower and lower,
fpaces betwixt them diai
dually on either fide chei
the ground gradually riles

The pillars fupport ai
trave whofe middle is fbti
a canal, through which t
runs: and tbrre is room
left for three or four men
a-breuft along the archil
each fide the CHttkl, which f
the whole length, and ador
fpace to fpace with Lmemr
in the form of lutk tempi
of which has a door or ;
lar^e enough for a man I
the watrr and clean the be
the canal in caie of necefii

The whole of this imn
brie 19 of fine white nar
out of a quarry not a mu:

* The French editor sells us, to a note on this pafiige, that Mr. ^
Hifimy^f Piter the GreM is nothing hut a Gatettt, and that ii was wi
hia merely to conciliate the favour of the court of Ruflia.

MISCELLANEOUS "ESSAYS. IJi

tt aid I am tM thtt abont pfrfont io lothoritj over all fadl
■w futbcr off there are (otae as aic under iheir commind.
partiof it wbich have their I law this punidim'^ni infliAe^
of {raadeor, though bjr no at my rrtnrn riOin TobaHkf io
coaiparable to what is feea S'. Peter (burnh. I looked oai of a
m Vallej, The earthquake winiti w, on hrjriag (bnebody crf
oiltii in twoor tbreepl^cri: out in the yard, where I faw two
* daaace proved inconlider- Ruffian llnve.-, pulling a girl of
fourteen oi fifteen years of age by
the arm* : Qie was tall and well
made. By h r dicfa, Ihe appeared
(u belong to Tome go A fimily.
r head drcfled wiihoul a c-ap,
reLlined backwatdi ; hereyei.

ad waitfSlj remedied. And
i I woader not if it wiihilood
jCkl. A coDCufian
h 10 effeft iti defln

ftaitcr ike whole king; om
tngal.

ea a bub hai once fren fach
Sure a* ihv Aqueduft of Jl~
t, there ii no d^i^er oi bis
Mjetiingii, ai it is the na-
if (rand objeClt to force re-
raoce. An long as I live!
rrfcr*c tkc image ofir, along
Lhat of the valley which ii
cd fo coofpicoonsbj' it.

fixed inoneperfaB,pIrad<-d fnr
cy; which her beauty (hould feem
to havc:nfuri"J htr, independ-nl of
het lejn. Nc»-rr;helcri, the Ruf-
llais led her into tht middle nf (he
yard, and in an inilant llnpped
hrr to the wiiil; they ih'n laid
her prollrnce on the ground, and
placed [hemfelvei on ihrir knees;
one of them holding her head tipht
between hif kne^rt, and the other
the lower pirt of her body; rodf
were then brooght, which they
coniinaed conllintly applying OD
the back of chii girl, till fome ona
cried out, Eneugb. This unfor.
tunate viflim was tbro raifed, fo
diiRgured Chat Die wai Scarcely i«
be known ; h» face and her whole

eaaW ^tkt Manmtr im nubicb
Pmmjbmtml ef tb* Kmnl iKai
ai4m tbtuUtrmttJ MaJ^n
•ochifl, mt Peterftinrgh ; niib
Ol/trvatiaiu M lit Rufltan
ipwmmli, ami tbt EJiai tbrf
IkV) m»d foviral curi»iu Pmr-
Itn ttUtivjt /• th* BmaiB)-
t^G>Mml Leftoc m>J bis Lady ^<»dy being covered with blood -„«

''■ - ••■"• Thii fcvere panilhmeat Jed

I imagine, that the yonng girl

had been guilty of Toidc veiy Aa-

grint oifence: fome days after I

arneJ, that flie was a lady'

Siberia. Fram Mr. L'Ahb'ff .
ippe D'Auieroi.he'i JmrMy
Siberii

ICE the acceSon of the

iprcfi Elizabeth tothe throne waiting-maid; and that her tnif-

iffia, the panilhmenis are re. irefs'i hufband had ordered her to

lotwokiodi, tbe/a^«/i, and be punilhedio that manner, on

tmt. account of fome negleA. In auy

•■ padogi are cooGdefcd in oihrr part uf ibe world, Ihe might

merely as a correflion <if perhaps hive been turned aw^y,

licct exercifed on the joldier if her miftrcfs had happened w be

litary difcipline, by the do- in an ill huBoor. The Rnilian*

on their JcrvaBU« and by think thealalm obliged u treat
' L 4 ibeif

fS^ ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

their fervanis thus, in order to
make them faithful. Thcfe un-
Jia^'py flaves, findingfo manypeity
lyraLts in their mafters, are obliged
«'n this account to live in perpetual
miftrult ; fo that even in the midft
t'f their families, they are under a
jitcefliiy of being conllantly on
their guard with every perfon who
comes near them.

I never fnw the punifhment of
the knout inflided ; but as 1 t^'fs
^9ingovcr to Sr. Peterlburgh with a
jorri^ner, who conduced me to
fee all the curioHties in the city,
ve (lopped upon the fpoc where
Mad. L;«pcuchin had (uKercd this
"nunift-.ment. The foreigner bad
men prefcnt on this occafion ; and
was fiili fo much afrcAcd ui(h the
aHair, that he gave me a partirular
aircuntofitonthevTy fpot. I (hall
rciaie the incident as he lold it me,
and a' 1 found icin my journal.

Every bodv who has bren at
St. Peifffburgh, knows that Mad.
Lnpr.uchin was^^te of the fintft
women belonging to the crurt of
ihe ErTiprcfs Elizabeth: (he was
intimntely conne^led with a fo-
reign amba(rador, .hen engaged in
n conspiracy. Mad. Lapouchin,
who was fuppofed to be an ac«
complice in this confpiracy, was
condemned by the Kmprefs EIiza*>
beth, to undergo the puni(hment
o( the knout. She appeared at
the place of ex^cuii(.n in a genteel
undrefs, which contributed ftill to
heighten l^er beauty. The fweet-
neis of her countenance, and her
vivacity, were fuch as might in-
tiicate indifcreiion, but not even
the (liadow of guilt ; although I
h?.ve been afTuied by every perfon,
of whom I have made ii.quiry,
that Ihe was really guilty. Young,
lovely, admired and fought for at

the courts of which (be was the
'8 ...

life and fpirit ; ipftcad of tk
number of admirers her beauty
ufually drew after her, (he thct
faw herfelf forroanded only by
executioners. She looked 00 tkfm
witha(loni(hment, feemingtodMbc
whether fuch preparation » were ii*
tended for her : one of ihe cicci-
tion<-rf then pulled off a kindsf
cloak which covered her bote ;
her modeAy caking the alarm vkIi
her Hare back a few fleps; fte
turned pale and borft into lean:
her clothes were foon after ftnppel
ptf*, and in a few momencs jk mi
quite naked to the wailt^ expoM
to the eager lookt of a vaft CM-
courfe of people profoundly Skaitm
One of the executioners then finnj
her by both hands, and taniig
half-round, threw her oa hJi bAcIt
bending forwards, fe at to idto
her a few inches from thie groandf
the other 'executioner then M
hold of her delicate limbs* wilk
hh rough hands hardened at tki
plough, and, without any remor^
adjutted her on the back of kii
companion, in the propereftpot
ture for receiving the ppniflinKai.
Sometimes he laid his lai^ hiad
brutally upon her head, 10 erdcr
to make her keep it downj Idpc-
times like a butcher going toBif
a lamb, he feemed to footh bcr,ii
fuon as he had fixed her in the not
favourable attitude.

This executioner then cook 1
kind of whip called knoat* aude
of a long drap of leather picpticd
for this purpofe : he then retrraied
a few fteps, meafuring the reqoifiK
dillance with a fteady e)'e; vid
leaping backward;, gave a ^rcks
with the end of the whip, fo ai |f
carry away a flip of ikin fron tbe
necic to the bottom of the back:
then (lYiking his feet againft t^
ground he took his aia for^P-

piyiflj

MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS.

•53

mad blow parallel to of tbe EmprersEIiiabeth. Some-
I to that in ■ lew no- timet ciiminil* weie impaled
elkin of her back wii through the fide: fooirtimei ihrf
a fmall flip*, und of were hanged by lh« ribi upon
lined hanging to the hook 3 ; in which fiiuaiion dtey
r tongue «■• cut om lived for fcveral day); ai did wft-
f »flri, and (he waa di. mfo who wrre buiied alive up M
hcd into Siberia, Thii <he fhoulden, tor the murder of
known 10 all perfon) their hulb*ndt. Beheading wii a
FCDinRoflia. Id 1761, pDnifemeni equally inflided ««
ailed from banifiimeDt the common people a* on the oo-
bilitv.

It appears evidrntly from the
rXample of the kingdom of Ruffia,
;hat neither the death orcriminiU,
tor the fe*erity of their Corpoial
panifhmenis. do contribute to re-
form mankind.

The Eitiprefs Elizabeth hai Vept
ip the puniibmmt of the knokic
inly, *■ 1 haie before ubrrrvedi

nary pnniAment of the
ot difgracefal, becaufe
tdtial under thii defpo-
oeni it eapofed to inci-
te fame nature, which

been the confcqucncc
onrt inirignei.

nAo have committed
I regard to focicty, are
10 the great knout,
iment ii generally ufed dimned to this j bai
le occifioni, ai racki

r?ldoi

hing of [he
nobility; confilcating their pro-

tlin France, Thegreat prrty, and pulling the common

rt only in fome pariicu. people 10 poblic labour, have been

le common knoui; the I'ubllituted inHcad of ii. I have

raifed into the air by kr^own feveral prrfont, who blamed

pnlley Aaed to a gal- the conduct of the Hmprefs Eliaa.

a cord fafleoed to the beih in ihia refpeA, conilderin^

tied together; apiece thefe puiiifhmems as :oo mild,

>laced between hi* two There may be f^me reafon (or

ed together; and ano- ihii opinion with regard to crime*

crucial form under bis of a peculiar naime ; but it ■■

meiimc; h;i hand* are evident ihst furh prrloni were liitle

i hii back; and nhen acquainted with tne nature of ba-

up in ifai* pofitio^, bii nilhrneni a> piaflifed in Rullia. ~

-C diHucated. All criminals condemned 10 pob.

:ntioneri'can make thii lie labour are treated in the fame

norc or 'left cruel ; manner; ihry are ftiut up in pri-

dcalerout, that when font Currnunded by a large piece

11 condemned to die, of ground, incloli-d with flakef.

ake him expire at plea- Jifty nr tixty feci high; in bid

•J by one oj feyer«l weather they retire wiinin lide ih«
prifon, and wnen the fe^f o per-

:he panifliment of the niiis ihey witk about in the in-

t ol bren^ing on the clofure. They have all chatna 10

in ufe before the rcigt; their feet ; and ate kept for a rerp
trifling

154 ANNUAL REGISTER, 177©

trifling expencr, being generally
allowed nothing but bread and
water, or, according to the place
they are in, fume other food in-
Head of bread. They are guarded
by » certain number of K>ldieri,
who lead them to the minei, or
other public labours ; where they
are treated with the atmoft feve*
rity This puniQiment in many
inftances is not adequate lo the
crimes : it has not that effedl on
the minds of the Ruffians as one
might expedlf becaufe they are
flaves. It would certainly have a
very different eiFed on a free and
civilized nation ; where a perpe-
tual puniOimentof this kind would
prove a more powerful reilraint on
the people than the fear of death.
Some villains even look upon that
inomcnt as the end of all their fuf-
ferings, to which circumdance we
may impute the reiblution with
which fome of them have behaved
on the fcafl^old: but I believe it
might be very dangerous to cvpofe
fuch criminals, as they do in Ruf.
fia, to the public view. The ha-
bit of feeing thefe unhappy people
at length deftroys fcnfibility; and
this fentiment is of fuch import-
ance to fociety, that every method
ought to be taken to prefcrve it
among people who are already pof-
fefled of it, or to excite it in the
breads of thofe whoareyetftrangers
to it. I am perfuaded that the dif-
agreeable fight of fuch a number
of wretches in chains as arc met
with in mod of the towns in Ruf-

fia^hat contribnled mnch lopiv*
duce that ferocity and (avagcncft
of character fo remarkable aBoa|
the iohabitantf of thia reals.

Perfont condemned to baaiiu
meat are not all treated ia the
fame manner | fome are frut spi
and others allowed a little libciqr.
Count Ledoc, after baviag placed
the crown on the head of ibe £■•
prefft Elizabeth, was baniftedwiik
his lady. Leftoc was arretted i>fc
and Oiut np in tb** fort of St. Ifc-
tcrihurgh. His wife was aaaiivt of
Livonia, of one of the mod oobk
families : die was mnid of honov
to the Emprefs beforo ihe mrrici
Count Ledoc t And ihoagh ]ivin|
at court, had dill prefervcd A
noble pride infpired by chat li-
berty which the province of Livo-
nia, conq/ered by Peter L di'lea-
joys. The coontefs of Letoc be*
ing arreted, took off all the dia-
monds belonging to her drcfi,
as well as her watch, and other
trinkets, and throwing them at iW
feet of thofe who to.>k her np,
told them to lead her to the place
they were ordered to condad kcr
to : die was diut up ia the fsae
cadle with her hulband, botba
feparate apartment : all their cf*
fe&s were put onder feal, in ex*
pc^ation of the fentencc of the
private court of chancery, Thcfe
iiludriouB prifoners, given np to
this odious tribunal, the judges of
which were avowed enemies to
Count Ledoc, efpeciallv M deBef-
tuchcff, the fird minider *, looked

* I have read in fome manufcript notes on RufTia, that an 174.1 theEmprd*
Elizabeth hail ahollftifd the ftcrct cliancciy on her acccflior'to the throne, aM
had rtfcrrcd to the Icnate a!l the mmcrs which ufcd to be u-ied there; buti:
docs not appear that this ord' r was ever carried into execution. Count Lcltoc
and ht« peers have never been judged by the (cnatak nor by any ical court «

iudicc.

' npoa

MISCELLANEOUS ESSATS.

their rn'n at tnPvhttle, ind
fan dii not endrsvunr lo of-
uch in their iefcKCt, Lriloc
rcrived * fu<n nf monej (fom
Hga powrr in jlli.incc with
I, ■«a it «■« ta thii pnwer
be Enprefi Elisibetfa wat in-
d for the crown. The >«•
Pg of thi» prefei*! wli lh«
cbuge bmoghi Bg.iinS count
ci on being queflionr'l, he
J he had meived it ; b<ii his
I hating afked him (he value
I Tun, Ml anTwer waa, / Je

rtlUa, i.t if wu er, itfirw
VwiMf , thi Bmpfrf, Elit^thnh
•Bju; and. iaJeed, he had
Md thia prirxef) that thi*
ui been otFercd in hln, on
mof the Tavouri (he (he>v'd
■od the E mpreCs had allAwcd
oaccep.ofir.

e couniefs of LcOoc, ai fully
need of the fenience iKat
I be given, ai (he wi* of h^r
ind her huibin^!'! innocence,
begged one favour c<f the
• , that (he micht be bf
d I but that they >fOutd fpafv
tin, that it, mat Ih.- >ni|>:it
««i>« the panilhtncnt of ihe

to^thftanding all the con-
iMtof Brllych(ff,ihe Bfflpieii
»vib would aevrrconfeni that
prifoncra lliould be condr-mn-

the knout: all iheir cjlue
»n6r<ratedi they were baniih.
a Siberia, ibut up in dilferrat
t and not allowed to cutrc-
with each other.
t coaatefi of Lcftoc had but
ma lolive in ; hrr fufniture
ed of m few (biin, a table,
e> and ■ bed wiiboul Cot-

dude of flraw, with on«
I lh« pot clean Ibreii bat
v& year. Pour fol-

diert cooiUnily watched bet, a
114 in her .Mambef ; from whenca
Ihe Was ni't allowed to llir, evcM
for the cninion neceOiitei of life:
Ihe had onlya few Ihifii to change
naw and then. Leiloc gave out
at hii return, that hia wile had
bren furprtzed. that ihc vermin,
t!ie n rrlTiiy eanfequrnce of ihs
filth Ihc wai oblrgeo lo live ia,
had not alone been fufficicnt t*
deiirny her. gSe ufed to pUjr at
taid- niih Ihc foldier], in hopea
of felling four or 8ve.pence is
di'pofe of a> (lie picafed, which
however waa not alway* allowed.
Being one day out of hunour wiib
ihr otficer who commanded, he fpat
in her f^ce, and ifierwarda oada
btr captivity Hilt harder.

Count Lefttc wai (till more nn.
happt, brcjufe the vivacity of hi*
difpufiiion m^de hioi very impa-
tient of the lean coniradiaiont
and he was only indulged in the
liberty cf walking about hi? room,
on condition that he avoided com-

ing n

rthe

indow.

The bmptcft F.llzabeth, how-
ever, had al'owert Leftoc, ai wdl
as hit wife, twelve French liirea
fir day, which wai very favourabls
irea^roenlin Rufltj; but thele ei.
ilei were Ai'^t permitted to touch ibe
mane', atlndcl lo ihrm, left they
(hr'uld have employed itin bribing
ihcir guati»: the officer of the
guard tticrelore wit treafuter, he
wai ordTcd to prttrurc them til oe-
ceira'iC). and he Ici ihEin want for
evety -hitig.

A frw yean afxer, coant Leitec
and hn \»iy wetc (ulTcrcd ro live
together: ihev bad then ici-tiil
ap'r'me t>, and a (mall gulden at
ihnr difpnCili (be Countcla of
LeItOG worlceii in the garden,
fetched ivaie/, brewed, baked.

156 ANNUAL RE

wafhcd, &c. — — Sometimes cvi"!!
ib»v oificv of thr ^uard introduccO
itofny9tvy to ih«m: one uf hit
/rienCs, who had conducted ji p«r«
ty into bfberu, deiirrd to fee the
CouDt. Ihit ctn^tr having con«
traded a kind uf Tutitiiacy v«it)i
)i)in» propoled a party of play.
l*ef)oC won four htiiicir*.) Frencll
)iYrc» ; ihi5 ium w^a 4 fortune ior
the two exiles, il'ty H«re foon
miter infetmt\ that it bclonced
CO the parry this othcer coadcAed.
The Countefs fell at her huibind's
feet, inir*rating him to return the
jBOney to chit imprudent ioldicr;
Leiioc raifed her up, ^nd fent the
Biooey to the nearcil village 10 be
ililtrjbuted imon^ the poor.

After the banilhutent of M. de
Beito. hetff'y Count WoronKoff, the
^igh Chainct'n(»r, attempted fcveral
times to have Leftuc leiallcd, as
he was thoroiigtily perfuaded of his
mniKence, but the £mprels kliza*
licili would never liiten to his in*
tir»:ics on t\\'\% point : ihe w«s hot^.
ever particularly attentive in eiving
cHdti;^ to have wine ftrt to him
from time to time, knowing r.e wm
frery fond of if*

Leitoc and h's lady were at
lengtn recalled Dv Peurlll. afitr
^fKirteerv year^ exile: Leiioc came
ti> S'. Hetulbunh HI itie orcl!. of
the ]ow»^r ft n vt p'-op^e, uhTch ii
C' m iionly made of lh< eps fiiin*.
Ail the noblemen o^ ti<e court,
vid all ftre'gDtrs, fioi kfu ea^t-riy
to Ice biivu encravouring 10 make
kiR) forvei the time t\c h.«d pail in
rxiic. Ttvefrfrnd'y p'otlVrshcre-
<r.ivfd wcie liiirerr, I'fC.ule evtry
Itodv knew he w»> iikuiKCirt ; tne
iii.rprL>t» hfxibeth ocver hadaiub-
jtci mo<e Arroly attached 10 her ;

GISTER, 1770.

and he had conft^ntly nmtajiil
bift allegiance aurin^ati exile; k
declared that M. d^ BcHachtiUi
been the caufc of it, aod tb^t lU
finprcf) had cnly givra luj i»
the imporf#.ii ties of this miaiUer,

Count Letloc, though fevraiy.
four vtara old, dill prefervrd aH
that irmnciis, which bad beta k
neceliary to him whco be placed
the princefa Elizabeth mi ike
throB«»« He n!cd to give a cif« .
cumliantial acrouot of tbUcfrHa'l
and of his baniftiaieDtp io peUic
company ; alihou){h Ae kaew reij
well that the flory way highly diPi
agreeable to the Ruffians, and tut
he thereby expoled hiiDfeifuailyia
be baniibed again ; nor were the
admonitions of liis friends of uy
weight witb him in this aiattcr«
Peter III. having done bin the
honour of admitting him to Mil
uble, Lefloc fpoae to him ia ih«
toilowiog ttrm»; *' Sir, my eae-
** mies will not fail to do ne «ii
** tiie miichiet they can , bat 1 nope
** your majciiy muII permit aacM
f' man, who has but few days to
■« live, to prate on, and die 14
•' peace." lie claimed all tk
effei^U that had been taken away
from him when ne was arrelMj
they had been already diaribaieii
among feveral private perfoos> ac-
cording 10 coiiona. He declarci
he vvould take poil'-flioo oi tbc«
%^ t\cit\cr he found thrm. He silo
demanded, that an account ihoeM
be given nim of bis jewels, aod of
the money the officers of theguar4
had received dunng his exiki
Count Lcitoc bimfelf acquainied
ine with every thing I have iiieo>
iioned conceming his baniftsrsig
and furnilhed me aiio witu ^lieptfT

|n the original, h;tbitdi nmfiu

ticMJnf

MISCELLANEOUS ESSATS.

>J7

I of tbr KvnIutioB bj whitk
pr«f« Elixabcih wu fiicd oa

It Mnnic. rqaatl^ frreat ■■
icT and ■« a gcniril, tried
tfernt minner. Hr never
incd. Boih HuSmii *nd
Cit kid [be grtuti refpett

Ml Mnnic wii of the talleft
Inagh advaacrd in ycMts,
irenety thm, he had pie-
n the nidft of his misCor'
■ ami agreeable connte-
Me rngaged til hearis bj
iteieft, and the gendeael*
lUpefitioa, -

tf * Dttnacb at tbt fri/rnt
(thtm Prim;* •>/ PruBia'j
■, */Rheinlbefg. Frtm Ba'
ielftldV Ittltrs.

US, Madam, our days hrre
Ml* tranquilly awaf, and
ti bj evrry enjoyment that
■fca rational mind. Royal
fine for the godi, the niulic
till deliciou* pallimeSf in
rdeoa, in the wood*, npoa
eri} t.'ie culiiviiion of t»-
1 the polite ar^, and a re*
anverfaiion, all coicur to
ikcir poweri over thit en.
f palace. But a* there i«
lily that ii abrduteiy prr-
ibe pleafiirea that I h^ve
at RheioAter^, have ben
viih bitierne's b^ a fingMl^r
l.ofwhich.MaddlP.l .h.>ll
It an account; a< yfu wtJI
me return to tiannbiirgh,
■o wounds on my forrhead,
je.and ariierkcurrted wiCi
rolnuri of (he rainbow ; it
T that 1 apprife you of ih-t
phc. Vt< feldoa f*tl to

fee the effefl* of a debauch, and
it waa at a bacchamlian mut, thac
J acqairrd all thofe ornamrniai,
Abowt a firiDi^hi fince, the prince
waijn a humaur of exiraordinarf
paiaiy at t^ibl*-. Hi* K-ieiy ari-
matrd all ttiE refl; and fomi! glafi*
ofChampignr Itill more enlivened
our mirth. Tbe piincr, perreivieg
our dirpuTition, w^s wilting to pro*
male it ; and oa riling from table.
t'lld ui he nai dcierpii'ned we
fhould rrcoTinenee our jollity aa
fupper. and in the fjire plac«
where we hid left oS, Towarda
evening I wat called lo the con-
cert; at the end of which the
p'inee faid to me. G» bmu it iht
frimtiji'i apartmint, a»d •uAirm jhf
bat firipiJ btr fkiy, 'uit iviil jk
J~u!'t IB leili, amd 'v.im'I f .-il il li3
tin ligl.ll an til, MJ ^vr ure jiw»-
•a-b'it fitigbumJ ttiii-b Cl'am-n^iuf.
I rrgiriird ttiii tarett as a pleo-
laniry, fir I hncw ibat parties
which ate expreisly iaiendrd ittr
this purpofe, feldom fuccecd. but
coromiinly bEcome (Bore dull-thia
joyous. On Eniering the priacrft'i
apartment, hDwever, her higbitWt
convinced us th.t the ^nair was very
feriou*, and prngnollicat'-d wit* >
fTnilr, that I ihould not De able to .
defetiil mvfirlf againli the prtnce'a
attack, in f]£t, we were fcarc«
fea:eJ betnre he began, by drink-
ing a Dumb^T of intcrelting health),
u'hich tneie wai a (leciffiiy of
pledging. Tiii) finl Ik'rmiih beiRfg
over, it waj f(i!'«(ved by an incrl-
frinl How of (alllcr t.nJ rupartec!.
fay tlio prir.i-'T and th: company;
the molt ciintfucted coJriieuan(v-%
became exp.inJ d, the j(ai-'y,«.n
general, even iSe >adie> alSllei m
prumoting our jiillity. All tr about
tw'i huurt, ive fuund ibJt the lircelt
Klcrvuiii, bj ^tf^lHi.'i\j Ailing,
Jnijhc

t5« ANNUAL RfeGtSTER, 177a

Slight be overflown : ncceflicy has
DO law ; anJ the greaieil re\pc€t
could not prevent feme of u«>y from
going to take the frefl: air in ihe
veAibuIe. I was one ol tiie rtum-
bcr : when I wentoot 1 fecund my-
ftU fober enough, hut the air feiz-jd
jne, and on enuring the hal), t
percei/rd a fort of v-i.pour that
feemed to cloud my reafon. I had
placed before me a large glafs of
water, which the princrfs, oppofite
to whom I had the honour to Ht,
in a vein of mifchievous plea-
fanrry, had ordered to be emptied,
and had filled it with frilery wine,
which wxis as clear as rock water;
£0 that, having already loft my
laile, I mixed my wine aiih wine ;
and thinking to refrcfh myfelf, I
became joyous, but it was a kind
of joy that leaned toward? intoxi-
cation. To finifn my pidlurr, the
prince ordered me to come anJ fit
by him : he faid many very gra-
cious things to me, and let me i'ee
into futurity, as far as my feeble
fight was then capable of difco-
vering : and at the fame time mnde
me drink bumpvr r.ftcr bumprr,
of his lunel w'ne. The rt- li of ihe
company, however, were not IcU
fcnfiblc tnan I, of the cfirdls of th*
nerl:ir, whicii there flowed in fuch
n^i^liiv dreams. One of the lu.
dies, who was a ilranger, and in a
multiplying ftate, found K^i^rfflfps
miuK incommoi'ea a^ we were,
and retired fui:enly for a (hrrt
Jmrtohrr chpii:bfi. Wfthou^lit
this r.clif)n ^dm^rublv liertJic. Wine
f roJiiCcs complacency. The ta ly,
en h.T r-turn, ua> lr.ided wi'h
cofi^; liiient? and cnrti^s: never
Wu' v^^xrantafo pplaudrd for h.c!i
en exprdi:ion. At Lll, whrchcr
bv Accidrnt or crfien, the princefs
br^kt a gU«St TiU& v^&j a ijgnal
1

for our i ID petaoDs jollity, aids
example that appeared h^Vf
worthy of imitation. In aa i»
fl;.nt all the ghfles flew to thi
feveral corners of the room ; nl
all the criilals, porcelain, pirrii
branchesy bowis. Tftfes, Src« MA
broke into a thoufand pieces, h
the mid ft of this univerfal defliaei
tion, the prince ftood, like tk
nrnn in Horace, who contefflplm
the crufh of world Sf wiJi a look
of p(rf-'£l tranquiiliijr. To tkii
tumult faccceded a freOi borft of
mirth; during which the priaa
illpt away, and, aided by his pagc^
re/ircrd to his ^ipartmenC; aad ikt
princefs immediately followed.

For mr, who unfortanatelyfovW
not one valet who was huoiaii
enough to guide my winderifl|
Heps, and fupport my tottering fi-
bric, ] ca'ciefly approached tU
grand P.air-Cdle, and wi;»oat tk(
leail hefitaiion, rolled froai the ttif
to the bottom ; where I lay fenfekft
on the door, and where, pcrbapSf
1 fhould have pcriflied, if aa old
female domeHic had not chaaccd
to pafs !hat w.y, who, in tbed|rk|
t.iking me f'>r a great dog bc>
Inntrirg to the caftie, gave nc ai
appella* oti /'oi;:;:whai uilhonotTi
i.bi-\ apJ at tne fame time a k'ck
in the gu's ; l>u' perceivng tnat I
was n mm, ;ind wn^t «a» raur", I
courtie- fl)'? t ok pt v or» me, «nd
called icr help; my A'rvmLs ihea
came running to m) a^A«nce:
th'^y put me in Led, feni for 1
lui^t'on, bK'd me, urelT d Bf
wouncs, and I \u lume degree if-
cover'c^ luv renr;:s. Then-xtwy
th' V tHiKcd of a trepan, but i A)ua
got rid of that cead ; and afi^
lyin-r abont a fortnight in b*J»
wr*re the 2>riii-.e had the good 'cfi
tj cciuc every day to fee mCi ^ni

COfi*

1

MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS.

<S»

|ou tvery ibint poOiblf to
K, I got ibioad again, Th«
grr ihii advrcttuii: the court
,iti Uil S'lp- Neiihirr ihe

tnor tny of the conriim
irfrom ihHf bedii To that
Ktr> dincH >lonc. I h^ive
Icterely by my bruiro,
kve h»l tudicirot to attke

L-

» yibt //^/^r^y^ England,

I Ihofe

thought Ihpin equal I
Uwi! XIV. at Veffaillei." N»,
(TT larj Juki, mj •waltrvtrh ere ntl
t^aah b»i jnnr griiee't JirPw^rki ^at
muib fufirioT la iu,'^

Aficr the expuli^on of ih- Siusrit,
the royul picrogative Wdi contraA.
ed withia nitrowcr boundt, the
aii* ot ub'ir^ry power were tefi
coinn>on, civil libcriy wai better
fecuieJ : but the (ovcrcign was
fcarce left powerful. He h.>d a).
ways at hand thorc reCourcei nhich
worlc upon the pa£onj. Having
placrs und honouri ai hit liirpofal,
be' could biai that multitudi: o?
venal ibult

k ■rrit known thit the earl
plford, (Mr. Hirley.] h.d
rtoniiib'Jied to the difgrace fhip Fortuno. A contigintK eof
^4uke of \Urlbnrnugh. In tuption, produced by wcalib and
iniriguf, infcCled from the ana
ofWiUi^m Il|. ihofe haughiyp-o,
lad it wa> thought that the pie foje4l(iUt of iheiriibcrty. T*o
|«rhtt *iUt w:ts 10 animate irreconcileable pattiei etnptoyed

K* 1 by hi' prrfeice and hii ugairtll each oiher the f,ttal art of
• Thiigreji mon ireaied reducing cit zen;, and purchalJng

^Icf the change of ihe
j)riacp Eugcee tame to Lon-
lad it iva> thought that the
|«rhtt *iut ii^s 10 animate

Kl by hi< prrfeice and his
• Thii greji mon ireaied
brosgh ai if he had Uill bcr

pd.

n piirlijinent, ihcy were nol

led ofch.nging the principle*

of pairiclifm ; and the crjui| t.tolt

care lo profit by an cril thai f>.

11 dcligii), It carried
point in tilliug the lower bouf*
vilh ti] p:iriitan), of icUuencinj
their •iebaiei, and of drawing from
iiienc« eiioimoui fubDditi, moi*
for ii* own intercfl, (hjn for ih«
neceffitiri of ihe Date. The aA
of triennial parliaments furnillied
Am i on the nririhalS Hying, the pairiou with a lefource The/
f be (the duke) h.ddefetcd had hope* of fuon gainir^ a fu-
R uoapi in Europci" t htft pciiuriiy. Bm fincc ilTcdar4,uon
Cf^ 1^ Inefi ibat di)'*aiiJ of parlianieni «■' fixed at feicn
And futh alio wa* ihecom. yeart, un^ler G:o[gr 1. ihf naiion
fecmi expofed to ibe allacki oC
defpotilm. In irjfi fomc vain
oiptJ were made lo leitoic nai.
Htt lo (heir mcicai fooiiag.—
Tbcie lave alwayi beca is Eng.
land

Oxford havin_
I day c d,on</. f-ngn-
I bin on havin{>, ar hii ta-
ke ir9 general in Eorop^:
p, rrpliCii the prince, / mej
toa/artr. An elogium ihe
lul>j|lable, 11 M.irib fjugh't
ke «ai principally (wing to

pilar to lltb wai the duke of
bovgh'a own reply io mar-
|alt«td, after the bji

K Mid by Cie duke of Mot
ko tbc doiiroj Marlborough
^tktnnin Nu((h«i]ipcoii(liire,
niring iKe m

4

i6o ANNUAL REGiSTEft, i7^0b

laod thofe vigilant, zealoot, in*
corruptible meiiy who have their
country inceflantly before their
eyes» who ftruggle againft the tor-
rent of foreign interefls, and who
fpeak like citizens in the mid ft of
the moft corrupt alTembly A go*
vtrrnment wh?re fuch men may
freely fpeak their t hough tf» where
they Ipeak them wiihout fear, and
without evafion, has in itfelf a
j^aand principle of life and vigour.
But fince the crown hat had a
fianding army, £nce it has had
fbrne intcreils which do not con-
cern the nation, fioce it can de-
pend on the votes of a long parlia*
ment, the balance of thcfe powers
which form the Englifti conftitu-
tion, is become more difficuk to
fupport; (owe violent attacks on
liberty, wou^d rail'e a rebellion
among a people that are jealous
and terrible in their fury. Cor-
ruption, by deftroying principles,
may one day,, perhaps, Occafion
more mifchief than the violence of
defpotifm.

<* Politenefs has not yet fofiened
that fiercenefs of manners which
the £ngli(h derive from their cli-
mate, from the form of their go-
vernment, and from their fituation
in an iilsnd. Men accnftomed to
the fea, inflamed by the fpirit of
fadtion, proud of liberty and riche?,
addicted to party difpute.*, wholly
engrofTed by their incereils, their
fyllems ; hot, fiery, Icfs by fits th-in
by principle, are lo apt to difdain
the art ol pleafing, that they oficn
tianigrels the bounds of good
breeding* It frequently happens
that the nobles the.iitelve?, inter-
mixed with the people, partake of
their heais, their rioi> and cxceifc^.s.
Wealth lei-els rank ; the great
power of the commcns eUic^ the

heart of the vulgar. Zverf ok
thinkini^ hinfelf of confeqanoi
and fearing no man, the pridt i
all makes a kind of cqnality 1^
tween all. Hnnoar, whin, »
price, mull neceflarily prevail ■ a
nation where moll citia^ns arc K-
girdlefs of pleafinff any one. JU
mem •fgndm nmli ie twrmnititf
their gemus iiMfn according to lit
remark of M. de MonieiqnMi;
with m dit'daim^ 9r m Jt/tsMifit d
thimgsi tbey^iUhemujirmik^ikmf^
tbi^ bm^g Ju€b abumdaai rt^ a
ht happy. To this, doubtlels, ii
owing the frenzy of foicid^ 4
which there are freqneat eiaapta
in England.

" Couraoe and politics, agfi-
cnlture and induAry, cnwifW
and navigation, have rxaltcd ik
power of the Knglifli to the higkt
point which it can probably ai*
tain. The fciences and polite ^
terature have rendered their glory
IHII more d urable. No P^ple fv«
pafs them in learned dilquifitioMi
Their mathematicians, their phi*
lofophers, have opened an tmniniB
field to the human mind. It b
fufficient to name Newton ni
Locke, geniufes the more wonder-
ful, as they fliut themfelves np ii
the fphere of nature, in order to
dive into her myfteries, inAead of
lofing themfelves in fantaftic fyf*
terns to create new errors. Ifaay
philofophers in England hiffC
taken the falfe patlia of impiety.
But religion has found among
the EngliQi fome defenders with-
out prejudices, and wichont fana*
ticifm. no lefs powerful tn their
argument*, than refpeAab?c fcr
the extent of their knowledge.
The clergy having loft their as-
cirnt credit, have applieti theia-
leivci lo l^boury wbich piocarc

the*

MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS.

iffi

meni efleera. They bave
lie inflneoce in affiurt, but
iprrit truth on ihe mind.
; condafi) tbera to eccle.
digniiiei, and emulatioa

0 tilrau which would b«
gnder the empire of in-

1 a conn try where the Dreful
eitcd to rhe agrenblE, re-
imdenperimenti which re.
the wHDta of foclety, prin-
cogape the attention of ihe

Every one Icnows how
the Englifh have laboured
wtj, and what Tnccer* they
ad. In bringing to per.
agriculture and naTigation,
ve fecored to ihemfelvei in-
ible refourcc). By the in.
m of the fmall pox they
referved fotne thoufandi of
I. It 19 not for a* to weigh
ran* for or againll this prac-
Bot in whatever point of
it taken, the example of an
ent naiioQ is, in this way.
>Dgeft of all proofi; and
an individaal may be fear,
loculation, ibe public ought
eit.

rarning is become, in thij
ne of the principal orna-
in England; the celebrated
that Die hai produced, are
ml too well known to mike
Tary to name them. New
deep refleAionf, refined

ftCB obfcure for the fake of
41, charafleriie almoll all of
The Englifh have enriched
eatre with the fpoils of that
te, which they afTed lo de-
but they have taught us to
more clofcly, to put fewer
. XIII.

fiiackleton gemot, to difore ufe-
fuliruthaeven in frivolous writingt,
to change romances them felves into
fchools of morality. Let us do
jufiice 10 their excelleot writers j
onrown will not be lefs ibe delight
of all Europe."

From this fpecimen, theEnglidt
reader will doubtlefs be carious ra
fre the whole, and will be glad to
hear that his curiofity will ^n be
gratilied by the ingenioui pen of
Mrs. Brooke.

Litllrfram lit lalt Mi/i Tatbot, «

YOU are heartily welcome, xaj
dear little couGa, into thit
onquiet world ; long may you con-
tinue in it, in all the bappinefs it
can give; and beftow enough on
all yoar friends, to anfwer fulljr
the impatience with which yon
have been eapefled. May yon
grow op to have every accomplilb-
ment, that your good friend ch«
* bilhop of Derry can already ima-
gineinyou; and in the mean lime,
may you have a nurfewitha lune-

Yoo are, at prefent, my dear,
in a very philofophical ttifpolition;
the gaieties and follies of life have
no aiiraftton for yon) its Ibrrowa
you kindly commiferate, bat how-
ever, do not fuffer them to difturb
your llumberi, and &nd charmi ia
nothing but harmony and repofe.
You have as yet contraCled no pa*^

M ciatitieii

i6a ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

tialities, are entirely ignorant of
party di(lin£tions, and look with a
perfe£l indifTerence on all human
Iplendor. You have an abfolute
diflike to the vanities of drefs ;
and are likely for many months to
obferve the f bifhop of Briftol's
£rft rule of converfation» Silence ;
though tempted to tranfgrefs it by
the novelty and ftrangenefs of all
the objects round you. As yoa
advance farther in life, this philo*
fophical temper will by degrees
wear off : the firfl objed of your
admiration will probably be a can-
dle; and (hence, (as we all of us
do) you will contradt a tafle for the
gaudy and the glaring, without
making one moral refledion upon
the danger of fuch falfe admiration,
as leads people, many a time, to
burn their fingers. You will then
begin to (hew great partiality for
fome very good aunts, who will
contribute all they can towards
fpoiling you ; but you will be
equally fond of an excellent mama,
Vfho will teach you, by her exam*
plcj all forts of good qualities ;
only let me warn you of one thing,
siy dear, and that is, do not Ie;:rn
of hcf to have fuch an immoderate
love of home, as is quite contrary^
to all the privileges of this polite
ape, and to give up fo entirely
all thofe pretty graces of whim,
flutter, and affcAation, which fo
many charitable poets have de-
clared to be the prerogative of our
fcx : Ah! my poor coufin, to
ivhat purpofe will you boaft this
prerogative, when your nurfe tells
yon, with a pious care, to low the
iecdfc of jealoufy and emulation at
early as poffiiile, that you have a
•£oc little brother come to pot yoor

t Di.

nofe oat of joint. There will h
nothing to be done thcDj 1 bclicit^
but to be mighty good, and prove
what, believe me^ admiu ofmj
little difpute, (the* it hu oco-
(ioned abundance) that we eirlii
however people give thenxlici
airs of being difappointed, aictf
no means to be defpifed : let tk
men onenvied fliine in public, it
is we mutt make their hones i^
lightful to them ; and, if tkf
provoke ns, no lefs uocomfortabk.
I do not expeA yoo, my dear, n
anfwer this letter yet awhile ; bit
as, I dare fay, you have the grcattl
intereft with your papa, will bc(
you to prevail upon him, tkatve
may know by a line« (before hii
time is engrofTed by another fcott
com mittee) that you and yoor maai
are well. In the mean time I will
only affnre yon, that all hereiejoicB
in your exifience extremely ; ui
that I am,

C.T.

The pious and ingenions v^\\^'J
of the above letter, who died
Jan. 9. 1770, aged 48, was tke
' only daughter of Mr. EowardTiU
bot, archdeacon of Berks, acd
younger fon of Dr. Talbot, bifriOp
of Durham. There having beta
the mod mtimate friendfliip be-
tween hini and the late archbiibop
Seeker, his widow and daogbtcr
lived as inmates in hia GraceVi-
mily till his death, when he left
the intereft of 13,0001. to thev,
and the furvivor of them, andaher-
wardt the whole fiim to charitable
ttfes.

Rtmmy

Sccte.

WHSCELLA)*E0US feSSATS. I«J

•it m M Stwtnc* i« rh« Lavtt upon him. and the cooiiniffioii of

■dn/PrinelorMet dare. ttit judget espired> iht frnienM
could nor have b«en changed, and

f»m*t Ctftt-Haaft, DrvfTHx- quoted Tome JiSmm of lord chief

CtMTt, Jfril to, lyjo. jodice Holt, to that cffeQ ; and

R. alfo raid, that it had been obj?£bE(t

S I wat fitting thi« morning by the Icing of Prnflia, in fonie of

Id the coroer by the fire-fide what that prince calli his ^hiloro-

■ dpper n»m of thii houfe, ph.ical Worki, EfTays againft tbt

^tlemen entered and took Elciltence of God, or ImmortaMijr

EoooftheTacaotchairs abobt of the Soul, &c. that the /fiV /arrt >

ttle round table, and one of V dart was lo ill intend and par-

read ■ newi-paper to hil pofes ihe fame u giving the qaef-

anion : when he cade to the lion, as the French call it ; or, in

ni of the Otocking wretch plain Englifli, putting a man opoit

-efofed to plead to hit iodiA- the mclc.

at Eingfton*, the other ex- I took the liberty to interpof*

d much aftonifhment at the with my opinion, that it could not

of a man, who would fob- be applied lo putting a perfan to

a be dying for a week in torture, in the ufual meaning of

El inexprelfible, rather than the word, when applied ta judicial

limfrlf upon hb trial, by matters, becaufeiheionare iigiven

.meant be would have a poffi- to mike perfoni acknowledge their

, however (tight, of avoiding guilt [ aud the other is, oo t^e

Itment; and that if he Ihould contrary, to make men deny their

BviOed, an cafy deatb would guilt; out that flill I thought i(

e ntmoft of hil fuffering in was a ridiculous and abfurd regu-

wortd; hil friend obferved, lation or inAltution, and that the

the fellow was lucky in not law Teemed in fome mcafure to

g been broaght to trial on the confefs the folly of il, for in hi^h

lyof the affizes, for that if treafon, and petty larcenies, the

IcBtencc had been palled prifoner, though be refufcd to
M a plead,

lie circumftanee it a* fellows i A man who Wat chafed with returning
iranrportation, being arraigned at ths laft anizei at Kingfton, refufed to
to the indiAmcnt, unlcfs the Jud^ would promife, that in cafe lie fliMiU
iviAed, hit fentenct Ihould luH be iranrporlaijon again i Mi-. Barua
e remonftraleJ, and explained lo hire the impoflibiliiy of bit complying
it demand 1 and alia informnl him, that if he peril fted in hit fi I race, ha
t lenicnced to the teint firle & Jiirt i that he muft be laid naked upcn
mnd, ifith a conliilcnble weight itfn him, which would be gm.ljally
td till hit death ) that he would be fed wLih a morTel of bread, and one
rt of the tiext ditch water, daily} that he remembered two inllnncei uf
ibmiiting^ for a littJc time to that punilhmem, but that neither itrPrvered
ir Rfolaiion. Upon which t]ie wretch cried out, Voii may die and b«
d yourfelf. The Baron anTweicd, in the Ipirit of >■' upright judge, I
ckcdfor you, and pity vou j but God forbid any thing )-oii J'^y, Ihouid
roe dtviane from my duly with te^'ard to you. The fellow, at Inll,
I, and wat convificd ( and when he waa carr^g out of cuui t, knotkei
ibc bangman with a blow of hi* fift>

i64 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770,

plead, IS judged gailty^ and has
the ordinary fcntence, in thofe
cafes, paflcd upon him; if this
pradlice fliould be obferved in any,
why not in all cafei, and whatever
the offence may be which the pri-
fbner is charged wiih '

To this queftion the gentleman
returned for anfwer, that the law
was particularly attentive to the
prefervation of landed property;
that for this reafon, upon a pri-
fnner's (landing mute in genera],
his landed p/opcrty was faved to
his family ; but that in petty lar.
c«*nif«y the offender could not be
fufpedled of having any landed
property; and in caft; he had, the
law does not fubjc6t him to a for-
feiture of it, upon his be;ng found
guilty upon pleading to his in-
dictment; and, on theothrr hand,
in cafe of high treafon, a fa£l not
likely to be committed but by men
of high rank, or of high fpirit, it
was judged neceflary to take a\;^'ay
from them, for the fake of the
public peace, that property in land,
which in the hands of their poC-
tericy, might be dangerons ; and
in order to make fure of fuccccd-
ing in that prudent purpofe, it was
nccefTary to alter and take nway,
in thnt particular cafe, the com-
mon privilege chat a perfon had
by the commrn law, of prcfcrving
his eftate in his family, by A'b-
nutting to the peine f:r:e i^ durc^
which many pcifons o^ that pro-
perty and fpirit, which would qua-
lify or difpofc them to be guiltv of
high treafnn, would certainly fub-
mit to, and go through with, pro-
vided it would enable ihcm to prc-
ferxT their eHatrs in their fiimilies.

lie owned that this was rather an
apnloj»y for the deviation from the
common rule of the penalty of

(landing mote, in thefe two cafeVf
than a good defence of the role a
pradice itfelf ; that, for his paitf
he thought that the beft defence d
it, was the in frequency of its ap-
plication ; there having been, ii
he believed, but one ioftance of t
perfon's having gone through villi
it fince the la(l century, who was
a mailer of a (hip, charged with
piratical practices, who had font
landed property, and fubmittcd to
the penalty of ((andiag mutr, vA
per fevered in it, and was prefled ta
death in Newgate in the prefs-yard
there, fo denominated from thence,
Thnt was the lall perfon, joa
fay. Sir, I replied. The mod le^
markable perfon, at I believe, that
ever fubmitted to that penalty, a-ai
Mr. Calverly, of a very great fa-
mily in the North ; who beirg a
man of violent paflion, conceivrd
a jealnufy agairft his wife, which
by fome unfortunate accident, was
turned to fuch a frantic rage, that
early one morning he murdered
her, bv fpliiting her TauU with hii
basrle-ax, and forced leven childrrs
(he had by him to leop off' the
b.ittlements of his cullle inro the
moat which furroun-:led it, where
they all fluck fiill in the mud, and
were fuit'ocated with the (lime ca
the water ; be then mounted his
horfe, and galloped towards a far-
mer's cottage, vvhere one of his
children, an infant at the bre.'ill,
was at nurfe; whilil upon the road,
he* was ruminaiing in gloomy and
horrid fjti5fa^tion upon the ap-
proach of the only matter wanting
to the final completion of his zeal-
ous revenge, the moon rn a fud-
dcn w:is datkenrd, he lofl himfrlf
in the r^:dil of :i thick forcA, the
thunder of Heaven, which no*
ilunncd his eais, feemed to roll

againi

MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS.

tSs

I him, md fooimon him le thing belter lo do, I hire, by Jh«!r
lent, and the pale lightDin^ defire, feni you ihii accouDt of our

liDf hit fout, waj,
C imaginaiioD, the fire of hell
ring paniniment intolerable,
Bffinni rxcrociinng to mil-
tfKftt. Meftopped,re!eeted,
ltd, furrendercd, and Cab-
I himfrlf to jufticr. Afier
t made hit peace with Hra-
for the murder of hit wife
iildren, he was aconised by
lOaght of having deprived
ild. To refco'd from hii dag-
na by ihc immcdine inier-
n of Piovidence itfi^lf, at
iated, of the edaie and dig-
f ill ncefton, and of leaving
lead of its due
J, and [he

HeconGdered, that when
led, hit rXate muft go to the
. Ifhe, with hit own hand,
anticipate the flroke of juf.
le Mrai informed, (hat ihc
'CI the lands of fucb wretchet
crown ; he therefore flood
OpOD being trrjigned, and
IM with liiiifafUoa to the
r attending that behi
rfevered in bi

(ale and coDverfatioi

IJof «m FUlttrj.

SIR,

I Have ihe vanity to think myfelf
3, proficient ia the art of tuk'
ling: by tickling, I mean, in plain
Englifh, jfa/r/r)i.~I here fend yo«
a flcetch of my hiflory, which, if
you are inclined to be hty,or" %
in Oiori, if you think proper, yon
arc at liberty to publilb: if yoa
do not tike i(, yon are at IJberlf
to mifce it a prrfcnt, either to the
famy of fuch a hulb ind of Venus, or 10 the venc*
rabk goddefi Ctotcioa.^

The firft impreOluni, I have
been told, are the deepell— I find
it true by experteoce— the impref-
fi'ini I received at three years old,
are not effaced at forty.— How the
dillani fcroe rilci to my retrofpec*
tive view ! Not to be icdion^— iny
nurfe firlt taught me to flatter.
The poor old woiran never at-
ig the moll tempted to with my face, c

with the patience

footh-
j expreffion of, •' There's a deaf
Let me «F«(h it) prttlj face."— .
There'i a fwcct crea(ure ;" and
mherlefi oiher endearing phrafet
ihe like purpofe — When 1 gretr
a little older, I Itill perceived that

1 ordered to do ai

latingpain,
pto- martyr,

eltate wai preferved for that
Vbich was a male, and from
if I am not entirely mifin.
(itliaeallvdercenJed the pre.
r WalterCalvcrly Blackeit,
lemao •rell known in the I nrver

aod of whom the world without a li'tle bit of flattery tachej
knows nor fays any (hing to the command— My fchool mif*
'hit tragical ulc likewife trefs bad me fay, A by itfelf A,
* ' ' " aad alwayi added, " There's \

" good boy"— My father, mv mo-
iher, my relnioni, all addreflcd
me in the fame flvle— M
grandfaiber too, how well I

hI the fable of the play
he Yorklhire Tragedy, Oid
t critici to be written by
»eare.
gentlemen complimented
a my ttory, and having no-

F aged

:he hoary fage I whilft I
M 3

i66 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

innocently aiking him why he
ihook his head always, would oftea
put his hand in his pockets, and

five me a penny becaufe I was a
ravi ^0y.— -Tbefe praifes, though
they were only word^ of courfe, as
I fince learned » then gave me great
pleafure; and I found myfelf al-
ways difpofed to love the perfon
thkt bellowed them on mc— I was
arcful— I thought I might rule
others by the fame means, by
which others ruled me— nor was £
deceived in the fequel — however*
1 had not then many opportunities
to try the experiment.

I had an aunc, whofe ill fortune
it was, not to be able to get a huf-
band ; and therefore, as is ufual,
ihe was called an old maU, before
time had made her an oU ivoman^^
Old maids feldom defpair till they
have arrived at their grand climac-
teric--Hence we ofien fee ladies of
fifty in the garb of fix teen .—My
aunt was one of ti^efe— It happened
one day, while I was playing near
her toilette, and Hie was repairing
the depredations which nature had

remarkably food of cUldr
However, as 1 did not want poN
tration, I foon difcorered, tknk
was my flattery which had pkm^
her favour— And, now it was, iWl
I refolved to m^ke Jlatofy the fil-
ing principle of m/ condiA, i|
future life.

When my father thought me of
a proper age to go to fchool, hep4
me to one of thofe fchools in which
yoMtb are qualijud fof^n ^m^
evtry thing you can meDtioB<-4
fchool I fhould not call it— The r-
fined ideas of the mafter looM
upon this as too grofs an appelii-
tion ; and therefore, to prevent mi^
takes, he had infcribed over ik
portal of his manfion, in lar|f
golden letters, •« Tbt Acait^^^'^
To return from the digre£oo:iK
my academy 1 foon found that chi
art of tickling was notonkaowow
my teachers-^W he never my coafit
Tom, or my good aunt Deboiahi
came to fee me^ and to enquire, u
the way is, how I went on, they
were fure to hear in the moft ex-
travagant terms, of all my g^d

made in her face, by the help of quiHti'rs— TheuOierobfcrvedgthU
art; that I unmeaningly, (it cer- •* Mailer Billy was the fioeftyouDf

taiulymuflhavebcen unmeaningly)
cried out, " Law, aunty ^ iL-bat a
** pretty fio/e you haie gnt ! ysur
•' hamdis ■n,/.'iter than m:it .' * — I had
no Iconer uitcrcJ c!i:lc w r.is than
file fiiatche.l mi up in htr arms and
almoll Ui!lcd mc with kii^■-^— livery
d ty, aiier that lucky in. m- nt, (he
ccntir.utd to Ou'w vaz i.<.w marks
of her atiVeiicn ; f-okc v.cil c i mc ;
was coniinaally I'.yinj, liut 1 tnaJe
fenfiblr riMiirk^, :n vri i.bove r.iy
year) — I w. i allu..i:hcd at tliis aU
tcratioi.— -She alvv..)i before had
looked' n mc with invliilcrence and
Jiatre. — -And indccJ, icw old
maids^ 1 have iincc obferved^ are

<' you.h that ever he fct his rjei

" on.'*— My millrei's chucked fl*
under the chin, and faiJ, " ittu
«< got a pretty face of its o^o,
«• blefs it." My mailer, ^x\v\
mc on the head, and looki'^S
earnellly at me, ufed to cry, " It
•• really is furpriung— Sach a pro-
ficiency in lb Ihort a time ! Bj:
nature has been pariijl^A^^'i
to be fure,— 1 take a greit
deal of pains «%ith him, that I
do, and the child takes vailly :o
his book.'* Thele and matT
other encomiums, were given 'A
mc whenever my friends paid msi

vifit— Butj alail after the v«^

idcJ

c«
ffi
c«

C(

• I

MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS. 169

raked ap all the remarks which I
had heard, in iermons and in con-
▼crfacions with my brother trade f-
jBcn, on the fubjedl of frugal icy
and temperance — on thcfc 1 de-
ciaimed on crery ocrafion— >! calk-
ed of the exorbitant price of ever/
fwceflary of life, and compl.tinvd
<»f the luxury and exTavagjnce of
the age. — One day as I was run-
ning on at this rate, he got up
from his chair, and with a vehe-
mence not common to men of that
frigid difpofition which it is necef-
fmry to have, in order to be a
nifer, flapped roe on the (hnuJders
and fwore "I was the honetted,
prudentel^ fenfibleft frllow he ever
met with."— In a few weeks the
old hunk^ diedt *nd bequeathed
his fortune to me.

Thus, Sir, I have acquired an
■mple fortune— thus I have pafTed
my life free from thofeanimoHties
which an envious and contentious
difpoGtion ne\er fails to foment—*
thus I have giined the love and
cftecm of all I kneiv — My art of
tickling has maJe me happy, and,
J flatter nxyfelf, it has mide ctberr
f(^^I have increafed the happinefs
of all who have fallen within the
circle of my acquaintance, by
gratifying their vanity— Whcre-
ever I was able, I have thrown an
ingredient into the bitter cup of
life, which never fails to fwecten
if, namely, ft]f-applaufe^\t\^ I
csnfeffy I have oftea done this at
the expence of truth— I confefs—
confrfli'in is a Gen of repentaoce,
and repentance claims forgiveoefs.
Bring now above dependance. to
rzpiare my crime, [ have taken
the r«-folurion to give the tribute
of praife nnlv where it is due— Ai
% ipccifflcn of the juftaefs of my

commendation, I .ifi'ure you, that
I entirely approve of your o.efign,
and that none wiihcs fucccfs to it
more ardently than

Your humble fervant,

TICKLER.

The Adventures of Scarmentado;
a Satirical Ncz/el by Voltaire.

MY name is Scarmentado ; my
father was governor of the
city of Candia, where I came into
the world in the year 1600, and I
remember thai one Jro, a (lupid
and fcurrilous poet, wrote a copy
of doggrel verfes in my praife^ m
which he proved me defcended
from Minos in a direfl line; but my
father being difgraccd fome time
after, he wrote another poem, by
which it appeared I was no longer
a-kin to Minos, but the defcen-
dant of PaGphae and her lover.

When I was 15 years old, my
father fcrnt me to Rome to Gnifh
my ftudies. MonGgnor Profondr^
to whom I was recommended, was
a Grange kind of man, and one of
the moll terrible fcholars breach-
ing; he took it into his head to
teach me the categories of AriGo-
tie, and I narrowly efcaped his
thf owing roe into the category of
his minions. I faw many procef-
fions and exorcifms, and much
oppreflion. Signora Fatelo, a la-
dy of no rigid morals, was fbolifli
enough to like me : (he was wooed
by two youthful monks the Rev.
Father Poignardini, and the Rev.
Father Aeon itia but (hepatan end
to the preien fions of both of them,
by granting me her good graces ;
yet, at the fame time, I narrowly
efcaped beingcacommuoicatcd and

poifoacd.

ANNUAL REGISTER, 177*

X70

poifoned. I left Rome exceedingly
well pleafed with the architecture
of St, Peter's church.

I went to France, in the reign
of Lewis farnannrd the Juil; the
fird thing I was aOccd, was, whe-
ther I chofe to breakf<i(l on a col-
lop of the Marfhal d'Ancre, whofe
body the public had roallcd, and
which was diAributed very cheap
to thofe that dcfired to talle it.
^1 his nation was at that time torn
to pieces by civil wars, occafioned
fc^metimes by ambition, fomctimes
by controverfy ; and thofe inteftinc
broils had for the fpace of forty
years deluged the moil delightful
country in the world with blood.
Such were the liberties of the G^iU
lican church : the French, faid I,
are naturally wife; what makes
them deviate from that charndler ?
They are much given to joking
and pleafantry, and yet they com-
SBtt a roafTacre; happy that age
in which they fliall do nothing but
joke and make merry.

From hence I fet out fcr Eng-
land ; the fame fanatical temper
excited here the fame furious zeal ;
a i'et oi devout Roman Catholics,
h..d refolvcd for ihc good of the
church, to blew up the kin?, the
royal family, and tho parliament
with gunpowder, and thereby free
the: natio.i C.c^r.i tlioie htrriic?. 1
was iiievvn ii»c fput wncre the blcfl-
rd Q^ Mary, cl.iijr;h^r ti) lli-nry
Vlll. had cauT d loove 500 of her
ft:bjciil=; to be burnt alivr. A f 1-
(>us Hibernian prull i-fTurcd me,
it was a very i.;udablc ad^ior., fiiil,
bcc.iufc thofe ihey had barbed were
tnijlifh ; and, 2^1y, hccaufe they
ucie wntchcs who never to ■!: any
holy w !it'r, and did n>L believe in
S( Patiick.

From Lii j'and I went to IIoI«

land, in hopei of fiadiig Mit
peace ftnd tranqaillitjr among a
more flegmatical people. At mj
arrival at the Hagoe, I was eaia>
tained with the beheading of t fC*
nerable old patrior, the priase si-
nifler Barnevelt, who vai the aol
deferving man in the Rcpnblir.
Struck with pity at the ight, I
a(ked what his crime was, asd
whether be had betrayed the fate?
He has done worfe^ replied a
preacher with a black cloak, be
believes that we can be faved bf
good works, as well as by faitb.
You are fenfible, that were facji
fyftems fuffcred to prevail, ibc
common-wealth could not lorg
fubfill, and that a fevere law is oc*
cefTary to check and refote fuck
fcandalous errors. A deep Daicb
politician told me with afigbj that
fuch commendable anions could
not laft for ever: Alas, Sir! (aid
he, our people naturally iodiae
towards toleration ; fome day or
other they will adopt it; I (ho'dder
at the thought : believe me. Sir.
purfur-d he, 'tis a mere chance (hat
you actually hnd them fo laudablf
and zcaloudy inclined as to cut off
the heads of their felloA-creatorn
for the fake of religion. Sscb
were the lamentable words of t^e
Dutchman ; for my own part, 1
thought proper to abandon a coca-
try, whole fcverity had no co©p^«*
fat ion, and therefoie embarked for
Spain.

I arrived ?.t Seville in the fcneH
fcaf)n in the > ear. The court wii
th^rr, tlie gi'lleons were arr.»ci,
and all focmcd to proclaim ]^Jt
abundance, and protufion. I co-
pied at the end u\ 2 beautiful alUv*
lull of orange .inU lemon-trees &
vad concouiTe round an amphii^t-
airc richly adorned ^ the king, the

quccTi

MISCELI.AKEODS ESSAT3; i?!

the infant! and ii>rintR), Thcr embraced me tenderly, *ni,

ed nnder a ftaicly canupy, without rpraking a word/ carried

r.againft that Kugull fa- me out of the houfe, and condu&t

lOther throae. higher and ed me into a dungeon not incom-

gnificeri had been crcAed, moded by heat, adorned with a

e of my travelling compa- cnrioui crocifiic, and a mat in*

hat unlefi that throne wag fteaJ of a bed ; after I had beea

for God, iLOuld not Tee there fix weeks, the father JaqnU
>f it; but ihefe indifcreet fitor Tent his cnmptimenti, and -
singaver-beard by • grave defired to fee me: I obeyed the
1, 1 paid dear for having fummons: he received me with
[hem. In the mean time, open arms, and after having cm-
lad we were to be diverted braced me with more Lhan paternal
aroulal, wrellling, or bull- findnels, told me, he was very
when 1 perceived the forry they had put me in fo bad
qaifilcirarcend that throne, a lodging, bat that all the apart-
low bis bieffing upon the menti happened to be full, it was
d people. Then appeared impollible to give me a belter t

of monks, filing off two adding, however, that he hoped I

; fome were white, others Ihould be better calcen carcofano- .

ick, grey, and brown; fnine thrr time. Then be afked raevery

>d, and fame bare-foo:ed ; lovingly, whether I knew why I

id beards, and Tome had was put in there. I told the re-

bme /ere with cowls, and vereud &ther, I fuppofed it wat

iihoDt. Then came the for my fins. Well, my dear child,

mar, followed by about replied he, but for what fiaf

retches, guarded by a world make me yoor confideot^fpe^k.

Icei and aiguazili, and co- I did all I could t« bethink myfelf

ith garments, upon which of Tome mifdemeanor, but in vain ;

unt«l flames and devils, upon which he made me recolleA

fellows were Jews, who my imprudent words : in Ibort,

)0( altogether be compelled I recovered my liberty, after bav-

don th« law of Mufes, and ing ondergone a fcvcre difcipline,

as who had married their and paid jo,ooo real'. J went to

-.hers, or perhaps refufed to take leave of the grand inqnifiiort

Nueftra D4ma d'Atocha, he was a very polite man, and afk-

fiart wiih their money in cd me how I reli(hed the holi-

of the brothers Hierony. days they had given me r I told
Prayers were faid very him they were deligblful, and at
y, after which all thufe the fame time went to prefs my
!s were loriuted anJ burnt, compaDions to quit this enchant.
roncludfd the ceremony, to ing country. They had time e.
at cdi&calion of ill the roy- nough, during my confinement, to
ly. learn all the great aichievementt of

lame night, while I wa* the SpaniarJs, for t!ie take of re-
o b;d, two meflcDgers frim ligion. They hid read the me-
luifiiion came to my lode- moirs of the famous bilbop of Chi*
ith the holy Hcrauadaa. spa, by wiiict^ it appears, that

171 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

un miHions of infidels were mur- of the foot, with permiffofl, ho««

dered in America to convert the ever, to be ezcufed for joo (e-

reft. I imagined that biihop might quint. The next day the Graad

exaggerate a litclry but fuppofe Vizir was fir ogled ; and the dif

the vidlims were but half that following, his fQcceflbr, who wu

i»umber, the facrifice was dill ad« for the Latin party, and »ho wu

snirablf. - BOt firangled till a month after.

Notwithftanuing the difagrce- wards, condemned me to (he faaie

able adventures 1 had met with in pnniOiment, for having fupprd

sny travels, I determined to iiniih with the Greciao patriarch; aa^,

sny tour, and accordingly I em- in (hort, I was reduced to the iai

barked for Turkey, fully refolved neceifity to frequent neither the

never more to intermeddle with Latin nor the Greek church. To

other people's affairs, nor give my make myfelf amends^ I determined

jnJgmcnt about public (hews, to keep a milirefs, and pitched

T.^cieTuiks, faid i, to my com- upon a young Turkifli U(»w »ho

p;«nioiis, area fet of unbaptized was as tender and waa ton ///#irrirr,

mifcreants ; and of courfc more as (he was pious and devout at tiM

cruel than the reverend fathers of mofque. One night in the (oft

ihe inquifition. Ltt us be filent tranlports of her love, (he enibra-

among the Mahometans. ced me paiHonately, calling oat

I arrived at Constantinople, alla^ alia ^ alia, Thefe are the U-

where I was ilraogely furprizeJ to craoiental words of the Turks, I

see more chriltian churches than took them to be thof j of love, and

in Candia ; but much more fo, therefore ccied out in my turn,

to fee alfo a numprous train of alia, alla^ alia ; opon which (be

BTionks, permitted to off^'r their faid, heaven be praifed ! yoo ire

prHvers freely to the Virgin Mary, a Turk. In themorning thelmaa

and to curfe Mahomet, fome in cnme to circumcife m«, but as I

<^rcek, other:^ in Latin, and fome m.ide fome ditnculiy, the Odi of

in Arnu^nian. How reasonable are our quarters, a loyal gencVnsr,

the Turks! (exclaimed 1) uhilll very kindly told me he purpoied to

the chrillian world ftains a fpotlefs impale me. I faved my forrlkin,

religion with blood ; thefe infidels and my backfide, with a thcutard

tolerate do^lrines which they ab- fcquins, and flew into Periia, £rm*

hor, without moltibtion or inhu- ]y refolved never to go to the L^iia

inanity. The Grecian and Latin or Grecian mafs in l*urkry, nor

chriltians were at mortal enmity ever more to fay alia, alia, alia,

i:: Conllantinople, and like dogs at a rendezvous,
tint quarrelled in the Anvts, per- At my arrival at Ifpahan, I was

je^uted each other with the uimoll sflced which J whs for, white or

violence. The Grand Vixir pro- black (heep? I anfwered, th^i ihe

tcded the Greeks, wl:oi'c patriarch fle(h of a white, or b!ack fherp «-is

^iccufrd me before him of having equal to mc, provided it was ten«

lupprd with the Latin^, and I was I'er. It mud be known, that the

n>o!l charitably condemned by the fsCticns of the white and black

(Jiv3n, to receive one hundred Iheep Aill divided the Perfims,

biows with f Uih, upon the folc nho imagined, 1 ae&ot to laugk

as

MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS. 173

t pinici, infemuch that I and whether 11 was tnte, that hit

rce entered the cicy gites, hollncri infndcd to come in perron

lid s fad afr^ir to extricate 10 dethrone hint I I anrwrred, (bit

froiD, which I did how- ihe pope was a priell, ihtcefcota

ith a good number of fe' and ten yearsof ige; that he tired

bjr means of which I got four ihoufind milr* diftant frnm.

at of the handl of the his facred Tartaro-Chtnere inajef-
If; thathehadsboultwolhoafaRd

ratu far a* China, with IB foldien, who tnauuied the guani

eter, who informed me, ihat with a parifol ; that he never de.

the only country where one throned any body; and, in Ihort,

live freelYi gaity> ind peace- that hii majefly might Deep in

The Tartar* had rendered quiet, Thii wa« the lall uafortu.

[*C1 ma fieri of it with fire Date adventare I met with in the

vord, and the Rev. fathers whole courfe of my travels, I wu

ffliii, on one (ide, and the fen t to Macao, where I embarked

td fathers th« Dominicani, for Europe.

other, faid that they drew I was obliged, in order to t«iit
iwardi God every day, wiih- my Ihip, to put into in harbour,
y body'* knowing it. Sore on the coaft ofGolconda. I laid
levcr wai a fet of more sea- hold of that opporisniiy, to go
nveTten, fi>r they perfecuted and fee the court of the great Au-
•oiher by turn*; they Tent rrng-zeb, fo much renowned for
ae whole volume* of calum- its wonderful magnificence: he
wherein they reciprocally was then at Dehli; and I had thr
each other infideli and pre- gcod fortune to (ee him the day of
ori. There was particularly that pompou* ceremony, in which
ble quarrel among them, a- he received the heavenly prerrnc
le method of making a bow. fent him by thefheriffof Mecca,
efait* taught the Chinefc to viz. The broom, with which thef
(heir parents after the man- had fwept the holy houfe, the Ca-
their country ; and the Do- aba, and the Beth alia. That
o*, on the contrary, held broom is a fymbol which fweepa
ley ought to bow to them, away all uncleannefs of foQl. Au-
le manner of Kome. 1 hap- reng-seb had no occafion for it.
to be taken by the Jefuiii fince he wa* the moA pions man
DomiBican, and they told in all Indoftjn. "I'ii true he had
rtviao majeftr, that I wai cat his brother** throat, poifoned
'ope'i fpy. The fupreme his father, and put to death, bf
I immediately ordered the tortnre, about ao Rayai, aid at
mandarin, who ordered a many Omrihs, yet noihing wii
t, who ordered four guard* talked of but hii devotion, which,
:llaiid bind me, with all the they fiid, wa* without etjual, ex-
inr afed on fucb occafions. cepi that of hii moll facred ma-
brought, after one hundred jr[ly Muley Ifmarl, the moll ferene
brty genuflexion*, before emperor of Morocco, who never
ijeSyi who afked me, wbe- failed to cot uff fevcr:>l beada, cre>
nalljt wai the pops'* fp/, ry Fridayafier prayer*.

*. To

174 ANNUAL REGISTER, 177A

To all this I fpoke not a word,
tay travels and adventures had
taught me to bridle my tongue,
and I was very fenfible, it was not
nine to decide between the piery
of the emperors of India and Mo-
rocco.

I had not yet feen Africa; but
ipvhilft I was debating with myfelf.
whether it was better to Tatisfy
this lail inclination, or fail for Italy,
tny (hip was takrn by the Negroes,
and I was, of ccrfc, carried thi«
ther. Our captain railed againll
the captors, alking them the rea-
fon, why they thus outrageoufly
violated the laws of nations? they
replied, your nofe is long, and
ours is fiat ; your hair is ftraight,
and our wool ii curled; you are
white, and we are black; confe*-
quently we ought, according to
the facred and unalterable laws of
nature, to be ever enennifs— -You
buy us on the coaft of Guinea, as
if we were not human creacuies,
then treat as like beads, and with
repeated blows compel us to an
eternal digging into the mountains,
in Older to find a ridiculous yellow
dull, of no intrinfic value, and not
worth a good Egyptian onion ;
therefore when wc meet with you,
and are'thc ftronged, we make you
our (laves, and force you to till
our ground, or clf'e wc cut off your
nofe or ears. We had nothing to
fay again ft fo wife a difcourfe. I
was employed to till the ground of
an old Negroe woman, having no
inclination to lofe either my nofe
or my ears ; iind after a twelve-
month's flavery, I wai redeemed
by fome friends I had written to
for that purpofe.

Having thus feen the world, and
all that is great, good, and ad-
mirable in it, I refolvcd to retina

to Candia, where I married a fitlB
after my i^rrival. I was foot a
cuckold, but plainlv perceived it
to be the moft harmlcis and tokfi-
ble (itaacion in life.

The mofi criminal mU mlwmys ik
mofi unbnppy. A mofdt§k\ kj
tbt ciUhrated Heivetins,

WANT formerly afleobleda
number of men in the dr.
farts of Tar tary. Deprived cf all,
f iid one, we have a right to all.
The law which ftrips us of sccelli-
ries to augment the fuperfloiciesof
fome Rajahs is unjuft. Let ul
flruggle with injnfticc. A trtity
can no longer fobfift, whto tk
advantages ceafe to be mutoiL
We muft force from onr oppicf*
fors the wealth which they bavt
forced from as. At thefe wordi
the orator was filent; a moroor
of approbation ran thro' the whole
a(rembly: they applauded the
fpeech ; the project was noble,
and they refolved to execute it;
but they were divided aboac tkc
means. The braveft rofe firft.
Force, f^id they, has deprived ii
of ail ; it is by force we mot r^
cover it. If our Rajahs h*ve bf
their tyrannic injuftice fnatckcd
from us even what is neceiLiry, io
far as to require os to lavi(h opci
them our own fubilance^ oor la-
bour, and our lives, why IhoaU
we r:fufe to our wants what tkc
tyrants permit to their iojuftice?
At the confines of thefe regioaif
the Ba(haws, by the prefents whkk
they require, divide the profits rf
the caravans; they plunder tlie
men, en (laved by their po«tr,
and by fear. Lefs nnjaft and noro
brave than them^ Ici at aicick
6 0Ct

MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS.

'7J

irmt: let Tslour decide tbe
, and let our richei b« »t
e price of our courage. We

right to tbem. Ttie gift
jery pointt out ihofc who

Oi^ike off the fetieri of Xy-
Lci the holbandman n'nh-
rngth or Cuurage, plow, low,
ip. It is for ui that he has
»1 in the harveft.
us ravage, let uc piilige the
We confeot lo all, cried
who, having more wit and
irage feared toexpofe iherri'
to danger; yet let us oive
g to force, but 3lt to ioipof-

We fliall receive without

from the hands of credulity,
re Iha!] in vain perbapi at-
to fnatch by force. Let us
oarfelvet tvith the name and
)ii> of the Bonzrs or ihf Bra-
tnd encompafi the earth,
■all fee every one eager to

oar wants, and eveo our fe-
eaCures.

1 party appeared bafe and
Jly t* thofe who were fierce
ttrageou.*. Being divided in
a, the afTembly feparnted:
rtyfprrad itfdf into India,

and the conGnei of China.

countenance! were aullere,
eir bodies macerated. They
;d on the people; they di-
families, caufcd the children
difinheriieJ, and applied
jbftanee to themfclves. The

gave them lands, built the>m
IS, and lettlcd great reve-
ipon ibeiti. They burrowed
in of power, in order to msks
an of underflandiDg bo.v lo
keof fuperAiiion. In Chart,
ibducd all minds by keeping
.'ptre carefully concealed un-
.e rags of mifei/, tad the
>f Maance.

During this time their old brara
compaoioas retired into the de-
farts; furpriEcd the caravans; ■(•
tacked tbem fword in hand, and
divided among themfclves the

One day, when douhilers tha
battle had not turned to their Jkdp
vantage, the people feized one of
thefe robbers; they condufled hins
to the next city, ihey prepared the
fcaffald, and they led him la exe- •
cuiion. He walked with a lirm
Hep, till he found in hii w?y, and
knew again, under the habit of s
Sramin, oneorthofewho had fe-
parated from him in the delarr.
The people refpeflfully furrounded
the Bramin, and conduced hits
to his pagod. The robber (lopped
at feeing him: Juft Godi! cried
he, though equal in crimei ! what
a difference is there in oordeAiny!
what do I fay ! — Etjual in crimetf
In one day he ho, without fear,
without danger, without courage,
made mote widow: and orphans
figh, and deprived the empire of
more riches, than I have pillaged
in the whole coorfe of my life. He
had always two vices more than I,
cowardice an >. fallhood: yet I an
treated as a villain, he honoared
as a faint: they drag me to the
fcaffold, him they lead to his pa-
god : me they impale, him ihef
adore.

^ FeriMiu viiih a Wift «s mn^tM-
rem Dtmaiid in « HufioMd.

I Have frequently heard my bm-
thcr bachelor) reHr^ed on for
mercenary views in their matrimo-
nial purfnits; and every girl with
little or no fortuae, is fute to ftig*

176 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

macize the man who requires mo-
ney with his wife, as a doivn right
fortune-hunter, in the odious fenfe
6f the word. But, under the (hel-
ter I now write, I dare tell thefe
pretty difinterelted maidens, that
the man who is under a legal obli.
gation to provide for his family,
^s no fuch unreafonable monller in
expecting a wife to furnifh fome
thing beiides her fair perfon ; and
even when he has the name of re-
ceiving what is called a fortune
with his wife, the affair is fo man-
aged after he is entangled by af-
fedlion, that he has generally very
little to boaft of; and is extremely
well off if the intereft of this for-
tune indemnifies him for the ex-
traordinary charges a family brings
upon him.

But I will not let thefe blooming
accufers off quite fo ^afy; the
tables may be fairly turned upon
them; and M fome men are ren-
dered cautious by outliving their
b^yifh attachments, and are hence
charged with mercenary views;
(for I ^peak not of profeffid adven-
turers) it may judly be faid that
the generality of girls are real for-
tune-hunters in the utmofl latitude
of the word. How many bafe pa-
rents are in fpecious circumllances,
who drop artful hints of what they
^ill do for a daughter, and when
an advantageous offer appears,
uiti encourage a young man until
they think he has fwallowed the
bair, and then dif'countcnance the
conneif\ion: when the young lady
co-operating, a private match takes
place, and (he enraged papa or
mamma, declares chey will not
give what they never had to be-
llow ! The poor dupe, in fuch
cafe, has no rimcdy but to take
home the wife of his bofom, aiid

make the beft he can of bit bar-
gain; if he makes a good kif^
band, it argues a generofity of
temperp and a regard for his on
peace and domeftic happincfii
which are not oft^n foond. Indeed
if the girl is as innocent as himfrif
in the affairp none but a brute will
confider her anfwerable for tl«
trick ; and if the marriage profa
nnfortnnate, mach, ^tr^ nacb,
has fuch a parent to anfwer for.

But, in a more general vie«,
young ladies are too often the dopes
of their own, or their parents aa*
bition. If mifs has a tolerable f^cr,
and her father can give her fin
hundred, or a th on land poandn
her firfl expeAations extend tt
leaft to a carriage; and oa tUi
fide thirty, which period (he pro-
cradinates as long a« (he deccotlr
can, (he turns op her pretty nofe
at the plain tradefman behied a
counter. If her fortune ciifodf
to fifteen hundred, or two thoo-
fand pounds, fhe fets her cap at a
coronet, and, becaufe fome fuck
prizes have now and then taroel
up in the lottery of matrinoeyi
her exprdations feldom defend
to a reafonable pitch, until fbe
has no reafon to hope for aof
thing : (he has no remedy thea ia
refcrve, but tr rail at all mankiP^i
and grow grry in protefiing againft
matrimony.

Such, indeed, arc the high «0"
tions and habits of difTipation that
young ladies are ridiculonfly rdu*
cated in, which their urtutorei
urdei (landing is fetiiom able lo
Hem in the hoity-toity hey-day of
life; fo that i< is equally dange-
rous for a fober think inc D""**
whom thry generally nndervaisc
and dcfpife, to take a wife ri'.l'cr

with, or withotti money. A n^'-^'^

fop

UD. A Father who can barely
iaftead of fending ad able
F > daughter odc to rervicc,
tint bcr in Tome indnftriotli
of life to malotala berrelf;

MlSdELLANEOtlS fesSAYS. 177

'ft fiUu thdl- eja, they Ay wig ool^ to obviice the iccaratlOo
kc armtof fuch, and hence which dir^ppoinied fair one* are
BOay conea ioro difgrace bjr coDtinaally briagiog againft thtf
bring treated acmrdibg to mfca for riot anrrying : this, in
defeni: Hence alfo arifet geOeril terroit they are concinu-
ibit of celibacy, which (pro- ally urging Hi to; bat. in fo gay
a bting ont of my view) i* and luxilrioas an age, the folTiea
BJaftlychatg^totbCaccourit of which women ever take the lead
■KR. id, they either do not anderiland,

' defpife, the proper means of
cfleaingi They may thafe the al-
ternative, but either cafe ttaden
them very nnfit help- mates for tbofe
who are i]uali^ed to make ^W
can bntraife a filk gown or hufbaodi. This ia found reafoOf
r her, with a few ribboni, which all the wit add ridicule of
ofteit deptads himfelf, and a female pen, or tongue, how-
k her to depend, upon en- evCr well pointed, calkbot pot ta
I the affeAions of fome filly Ihamc.
OiherOfprapertyiby whom,
1 her cloaths ate all her por; '

be I) 10 be fupported in a
1 charaOer, which (be has
1 claim to. If the fcheme
I am Ihocked at reprefenting
ifeqoenceil Yes, ye Unwife,
el paretati. thii elmnlaiion
ale vanity is the grand fonrce
>ftitB[ioQ : more unhappy
t«lk the flr«eta from this,
iHt canfe, than merely from
loAion of wortfalefi

jt Dibarlflierj Speech, iy « «wtf-
aJiaidTtnoet, ie tbt CauMty y
ficrklhire, mti ai Abingdon, ttt
adef April, i6^g, /erlbi Ekt-
iUb af Pembroke, tt tbt Kxigbt tf
Ibi Shire.

Honefl Friend *i

YOU that ate of
pedple of (hii

if the ffce-botoe
I land, I fpeak
, and lovers of the
tf you afled a parental part 'rmy, and the trae fioglilh in-
Dg yoar danghiers a fuitibiti tereft, all men elfe have forfeited
ducation, they would in ge- their freedomei. I am fall of an-
M foniGed agaioK. Bot I guilh and trouble for your fakes,
rd of a difagrceable fnbjeCl ; when I behold this day. I fear
ame troth will be conltrucd you are in a way to raine your-
■tndcd InvrAire againft a felves, nnielfc the Lord be merci-
lich I honour, in genera), ful to you. The thing yon meet
with which, unhappily, for, tronblei me not a liitle. 'Tis
to choofe a knight: Truly I
hoped, and I hope we all hoped, to
have done makinfr knighci by this
lime. The ibing you meete to
cboofe troubles me more. This
I have traced any fubjeft fellow that was a lord, ihii Pem-
thao I fiHt wietide^ which broke, thii Monttontry, this
. Xm. N Hoberg

;ratioi2ing perhip) too o
I have never been able k
I pariic'jlar attachment t 1
which was always in view,
(being yet accomplilhed.

I7& ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

Herbert, this what (hall I call him I
c:ill him what you will : we were
promiYed a reprcfcntative to begin
on June next, and this parliament
to enu the* lafl of this month ; if
fo, whv fliould we fend this fellow
thither to make moothfs for three
weekcs, and talke of dogs and
hawkes ? I fay, let us have the re-
prcfentative, or we are cheated.
But if we mud make one knight
«iRcre, let it not be Pembroke, he
is no way fit for it. Confider him
as a lord, and none of the wifeft
lords neither ; and then confider
how many wifer and fitter perfons,
we have for parliament-men than
ever a lord of them all : and what
a brand it will be to us and our
country to choofe a lord, fuch a
lord ; and furely, unlefle you are
fooles and madmen, you will not
choofe him. Againe, confider
him as a lord, and fo he is no free-
borne commoner, and fo not capa-
ble of our election. Is there not
an ad againft king and lords ?
if there is, then let us have no
lords, unleHe you intend to have a
king to.

Let ui be wife ; we may fee a
defigne in this lord as plain as the
rofe on his face. He was alwayes
falfe, falfe to the king that loved
him, falfe to the lords that fate
eight yeares with him ; and doe
you not think he will be falfe to
the Commons too ? I warrant you.
Is not Michael Oldf«\'orth, this
lords man, a parliament - man?
Are not his, and other lords fonnes
parliament-men? If he get in too,
the time will comr, when the houfe
of commons will be all lords, and
lords fonnes, and lords fervants,
and then lords will be voted up
againe, and king be in reque/l
agaiaCf which if wc live to fee

againe, we have fpna a fiir
thread.

If all this which I bare (aid be
true, as it is impoffible it tbosU
be otherwife; why ihoald we oot
look on this tura coat lord aia
cheat, as one that comn to betray
and undoe the free born peopir,
and fwitch him out of the cobd*
try?

I have done : if we muft chocfe
a knight, let him DOt be a lord:
we doe not read in all the fcriptnte
of any lord was ever cbofen knight
of the ihire for Barklhire. But ra-
ther let us choofe none at all,
and unanimoufly petition the par-
liament to diflTolve, that the rcpie-
fentative may fucceed, and none
but ourfelves have any (hare in ike
gubernation and governmeot of
this commonwealth.

J godlj Speech, fpokem ij Philip
Herbert, late Earl of Pembroke,
lie, as it lAtas heard mtbmwck
Content nuitbout am Oaib.

Gentlemen,

IT was not the old faihion to
make fpeeches before yoo cbofe
your knights, but I hope yoo like
it the better for not being old, 1
am fnre I doe ; give os old faibions
againe, we mull have king and
lords, our old religion, and old
lawes, and a hundred thiogs older
than Adam. I hate any thing
that's old, unlefle it be an old
man, for Adam was an rid mao
and fo am I, and I hate myfeli for
bring an old man, and therefore
will love you, if yu'le make me a
new knight* The gentleman that
fpake before me, I know not where
to have him, he is an indn;idua»
a>agum. He is angry , the repre*
fcQSaiive jocs not on: lie is angry

ihc

•MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS; 179

lamenc goes not off; he is

am a lord ; he is angry I
»e none ; he is angry I ftek.
>or knight, and he would
; of that fort of feekers, who

feeke nor finde: and he
e$, I am not to be chofen

no free borne commoner.
e is a Jefuite by his fubtle
lis : but though I have no

I hope 1 have reafon, to
tiim, and fatrsQe you.
ifer» I am a free born com-

All tbofe three words £t

I am borne.
iiow came I hither into the

tf am free.
icconnts for lad yeares ex-
:ame to fix and twenty-
1 pounds, that's faire you'l
when vou have chofen me
ight, I'll carry you every
I fon, the whole county,
Itihire, and we'll be merry,
t and hawke, and Til be as
n emperor. So I am free

I am a commoner,
[ been fo often at common
, and common halls, to be
;d no commoner? Are not
i all turn'da grafing ? Was
common fwearcr before I.,
ledlurrs, and a common
;ver fincc, and am not I
our of Oxfcrd» where all
Doners? So I am a com-

I am no lord,
n, why fhould I come hi-
3e knighc of your (hire?
igh I am a lord, is not
b? and yet he is a parlia-
3 ; and is not Bradfhaw
ffident ? But I am no lord,
im for the parliament i I

am for voting down the houfe of
lords. And to tell you truths I
never loved the King fince he was
dead, and thofe that are lords goe
in black for him, but I keep my
old blue flill, and my diamond
hatband, though the crown jewels
are fold. Therefore you may choofe
me well enough.

You mu ft choofe me.
Why came I hither elfe? why
did Cromwell bid me come hither ?
and I bid my Reward come hither
to lay in provifion, and gs^ther
voyces. If my Rewards bill be
right, every throat that votes for
me cods me twenty pound.

Choofe me, if you would have a
reprefentativc. I that have been
Lord of Pembroke and Montgo«
mery, two cou6ties may well re-
prefent one.

Choofe me if you would have no
reprefentative. For I'le doe and
vote what you lift, and fo chooiiag;
me, yoo choofe yourfelves. So
that whether you would ha?e «
reprefentative or no, the beft way
is to choofe me.

But let me tell you bv the way*
now the parliament is fallen into
the happy way of making afls of
parliament, let them continue.
This is one of the advantages yoa
have by loofing the King : yon
may have nn ad of parliament for
what you plcafe; and that's better
thin ordinance, and lafts longer*
for an ordinance of parliament was
good no longer than this pnrlia^
ment, which though it laft for
ever, an »6i lafts longer, becaufe
that lafts for ever, whether the par*
liamentlaft or no.

For my religion.
Who queftions ic? I pever
changed it, I was for bi(hopt when!
there were biOiops ; and I was for'
N s vifiiors

i8o ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770^

tifitort when there were none. It
IS well known I im an indrpen-
denCy and had beene fo twenty
yeares affo had it not been for Mi-
chael Okifworthy and will be fo as
long as the parliament pleafe ; I
have been an old courtier, and that's
an old courty and the higheft court,
and old courtiers always love to
follow new faihions* That reli-
gion is in faftiion now.

I am a chancellour of Oxford,
which is hardby, therefore choofe
me: fome of yoo have fonnes and
cozens there, all that are a kinne
to any that give their voices for
me, ihall be heads of colledges,
and canons of Chrift Church,
though there be a hundred of them.
The reft of you fhall have the
leafes of all the univerfity lands
amongft you; what, am not I
chancellour?

The place I ftand for, is knight
of the (hire. None but Kings can
make knights, make me your
knight, you are all Kings : and it
will be an honour to me, and my
pofterity, to have it recorded, I was
the firft lord that was knighted by
fo many kings.

I know now, you cannot but
choofe me ; I knew fo before I
came hither, and therefore I thank
vou beforehand, and invite you
home,

I will conclude with that very
exordium, wherewith a famous
gentleman that was of this parlia-
ment, concluded his fpeech upon
the like occafion, ** Behold your
«« knight."

H

iiffajt CH gooif Humour.

UMAN Nature ever was,
and ever will be the fame.

It only takes difcnt methods «f
difplaying itfelf according to thi
genius of the peoplet the aafleriif
or licentioofnefs of time aad plactp
Sec. Thus a nymph of the Hou
tentots, who breaks the griftlc ef
her child's nofe, and an«Dts it
with greafe and loot, is eqaally ai
well pleafed with the coatrivaMS
to increafe what they think beaaqff
as oar delicate European daaci
are, when they fpoil their own aid
their children's complexions b^
walhes and paint. Fancy and iai-
tation are the gnides of ufte : why
then may not the tawny mocha
admire her footy fon, and blefs kb

foggliDg eyes, his blabber lips,
is woolly head and delicate cob«
plexion ? Why not laagh as Bear-
tily at oar want of difcemmeat as
we do at theirs ? ^The realba ii
every whit as obvidtvs to them oa
their fide the qneftion, as it u le
OS on ours. Black teeth and ci-
travagani long nails, ate the
greateft ornaments of the Siamcfe :

J tainted bodies, and jewela dai^»
ing from their lips and nofes, is
the fine tafte of the Americans.
" Oh, odious creatures !-i*Ridica-
lous ufte !" fays a London or Pa*
rtfian Belle.— And why fo, my pert
mifles? Had it been your fiite m
have been bom even in this polim
ifland fome two thonfand yean
fooner, yon might have been as
great adepts in plaiftering yoor
bodies as you are now at daobil^
your faces. A ftar oa your arm
might have had as fine an efff A in
thofe days, as Bruflels or Mechlia
has in thefe. A crefcent painted
on your forehead might have beta
efteemed equal to a French fly-ap,
and the meridian fuo difplayed la
full loftre on your delicate naked
bofoffis might have had more at*

UaOivt

MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS. ill

pleiioD from ny of her former
homble fervanti ; ha loved her
heartily far her beauty; bgt h«
]ored her more for her good-ha>
moor and good ftoft. He faw how
complciely happy ihe man mull be,
who gained To rich m prise; and
the bare thought of ■ foffibtI!ty of
lofing her, gave bim more real gn-
caGnef), while ii lifted, tbu it ii
in the power of beanty alone u
create. She perceived hii merit,
and obferved how refpefifullr h«
■dioired her. Ai it waa nwirary
to the goodnefa of her heart to
keep any one in a fiat« of fufpence,
Ihe was no fooner alTured of tho
equity of hii intentism, but Ow
made him bath cafy and happy, by
giviag her band where her heart
diOaied. Thofe mixiin* which
preferved her in her yoaih, coa-
titiurd and iocreafed bcr happinefi
in an advanced age.

Her hufband iaforeverexiollia|[
the darling of hii heart, and ex-
patiating on her virtuei; indeed
every one that koowi her admirea
her, and bleflingi flow froa every
tongue UD the head of the good,
the benevolent Flaria.

owen, than the daxzling
I aodera birth-day dia.
ifflacher. Bat to be fe.
ly, my pretty fair one,
a wilk to plea^ ? Woald
roarloveraioreyOD? Nay.
f far greater confequence
er, wonld you wiOi to be
■■• Yea," Then ftudy to
ry perfoa around you fo.
fiaa hr more fatitfadion
plcafoie to another, than
It yoerTclf. There ii a
btoigaiiy U coavcyiog
•■ to aaotber, which only
c caa give yon any idea
ir own felicity depends,
[ meafure, apon the pro-
on of tbii principle.
wai Icfi to the care of
brtane, at the age of fe-

HtT mother, Knowiag
■ rinue and folid prioci-
ughi ihefe her propereft
I, She thought right.
leanty and fortane, which
I confi del able, drew crawdi
ring fop), and forioae-
'akei, to her fhrine. The
.pacd fo much youth and
e, could never refill their
rttt the bei
ftrilciog cha
t paper-fkulli. Had Fla-
Ibdifpofed, here wai an
;td before her, in which
t have fully indulged the
' her age and fex, and
I away, at once, both her
; and happinefi. She,

gave all [oefc their an-
faft at they came, but
anch fweetneft and fedfi-
at fbe awed the rake*, and
I the foolj.

■I in her twentieth year
ft yonne Lovcmore paid
iffet to ner. Thii youth
» vuy different com-

TrmAi,

A S. with refpeft to figna tt
/\, leaft, London ii bewme a
EinTof new Jerufalem, in which
<■ oldlhingi are dona aaray, and
" all thing! are become new," let
me, befen the remembraBce of
them alfo ia gone, record Ibmetbiog
concerning them that may become
an objeA of learning to pofterity.
as the ArmboU of Egypt, and ih«
cdni of Palmyra are to na.
It n hichly probable, «i other*
N 5' "^ Wn

x8a ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

have obfervcdy that figns were ori- others in the fame ftrcct ordi!lr!A|
ginally fymbolical reprefeniationi figns foon became repreCent&tioni
of ceriain trades, which the artifi-
cer or dealer hung out, to intimate,
by a kind of univerfal language,
what particular necelTaries he fold
or made. With this view, the
woollen-draper hung out a wool-
pack ; the retailers of linen tied
up a few yards by way of felloon,
the reprefcntation of which is ftill
feen over the windows of their
ihops ; the barber expofed a head,

of fome fenGble objeA, as a dog,
a horfe, a bear, or a lion, wiikoac
any regard to the trade or profefioa
carried on in the boufe, before
which they were hung op.

As it was necefiary lo fary the
figii, oftner than new objtdi
could eaijly be found, a very con-
venient diverfity was iotrodicrd,
by reprefenting the fame objrCt* of
different colours ; thus had %%c blue

iince converted to a long Rick, be- boars, green dragons, black horfrfi
cunfe that alfo is called a pole \ the and white horfes; and Hob!, black,
ironmonger a frying-pan, before white, golden, and red. It is

^e were poifoned by copper ; the
iliojmaker a lad ; and the vintner
a tun.

But as luxury increafed, nnd
trades mnltiplied, imagination was
foon exhaniled indevifing fymbols,
or if iymbols could have been con*
trived, to exprefs them in all their
varieties, they would no longer
ha/e been generally underil(>od.
To difcover the trade by the fign,
ivould have become as difficult, as
to difcover the fj mi men is of a
hieroglyphic, in wliich the wings
pi an eagle are added to the body
of a lion, and the tail of a ferpcnt,
to cxprcfj* the virtues of a prince,
who policlT.d courage, activity, and
livifdom. Another infupcrabie t^b-
jcdlion would alfo very foon have

fomething extraordinary, thai «h?B

art had io far depjrtcd trcr.i z^

turc* as to give fi6tilioo^ colours ra

one animal^ (he did no;, for tie

fume convenience, give rcti:icsi

colours to ail ; yet we huve ra

blue horfes, or green b :rs nor

did I ever hear of the red b:a:, fjx

the white bull. It is alfo reoiaiic*

able, that though all our lioD.*,

which are painted yellov^, arecil'cd

golden lions, we never fliuuIJ have

ex.ilted the white lion to a iilv«:r

one. In Calais, howevtr, tbere i-

an inn called the fiUrr lie : cc 1

n.iiiunal genius di^Vr even is

the denomination of a fign ! B^:

figns, in whatever light they are

confidered, were certainly the e.^-

fc£t of a gcner.i] want of iitera-

arifen, from the complication of ture, and therefore can no longer
vailous things in a iynihol orhicrc- be thought ncceilary, without oa-

glyp.ic; it w. uKi w.»nt a name,
and for that rc^Jcn could never be
a direction t the houfe, r.t which
it (h )u!u be fv't up as a fign. As
ii wa> ntcriiary, thcref:.r*, that a
fi^u ihojld it Ijnie mark at:i\cJ
to a houfe, of which a pertV^t idea
was connected with its nam?, ;ind
by which any particular houfc
j&ight be diliinguilhcd frcm ail

tional diigracc. It is very «(!
known, that there ua; a tiin%
when an ad was niaJc kr the rr-
couragem^nt of learning, or, as it
is i;piic rally c:i!!cvl,yir /Zv bca-fj cf
: he t lei-' v, \^ h i c h , iv iie n a f^ ion «k as
condc:nneJ i.» be hangi*J, gave biia
his lifj ir he could x^^^^ a \ixit in
th<r Uible, opened at a veocurc*,
which WmS there fojc called his

MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS.

"i

Thus wai the fond
daced to give hii child
niDg, not that be migbt
e advaatige b: an ironelt
t tbit wicb lefi danger Ke

1 thief. Ho* it came,
tvife aDceSori thought fit
age learning atid larceny

and thui faw tares with
»t, we may at welt not

we are happy that (o
top hu been produced of
, and we muft gsc riJ of

ai we cao. But it ii
crtain, that when it wai
xpedient lo make fuch a
increafiog the Dumber of
< could read, it was cc-
) diAinguifh faoufes by
ioftead of writing, and

houfet may be di'lio-
>eiter by writing than
There is at prefent
child among the poorell
taple, who at feven or
in old, cannot read a
ne and trade upon hii
window -Ihjtter; and
ve want the fi^n-pjinter

^nown, however, to pof.
t long afier Ggns became
y, itivai not unufual ("or
I ihi)p-keeper to ljy out
pon .1 (ign, and the cu-
.work with which it was
9 houfe, fo at to projecl
3 the mid.lleof the ftreet,
urniih a Icfs confilerjulc
th a (lock in trade. I
credibly informed, that
! many figns and fign-
n Lud2aic--IIii;, which
1 hundred pound); anj
jch was la,J out by a
a fijn of the qu:eo'*
'ould have gone a good

way toward) decorating the origi-
nal for a birth-nighi.

I remember lo have feen three
angeli, n^t fjr from Somerrei^houff,
in the S:rand, which by chetbunbi
and noles, I knew to be the work
of a c.-lebrated artiit, who, to bor.
row a word from the prefent fi-
Ihionable cant.^arrj In the cxbi.
biiion. And there was not l>)ng
fince in Paier-nofttfr Ro*. a head
of Mr. Pupc, by another artilt, not
Icfs eminent, who upon that occa-
fion, Gonuelceoded lo oblige hi*
friend; but if 1 am glad that one
opportunity of filly extravagance
U taken away from our 6ae gen-
tlemen of the (hop, I am forty that
a fee uf indullriout ariificcri have
loft their trade; it is always
very hurtful to turn monzy into a
ncv channel: to takeaway an an.
nual profit from ihofe who have
been accuHnmed- to it, doei more
mifchief, than giving it to ihofe
who have no: been accuftomed la
it, can do gnod. He that haa
livi-J withiiul it, cm live without
ititi!'; but he cannot live wiihiat
it, to tvhom hdbit) of life long con-
irsfieJ hive made it necelTary.

But I Ihdll now take nqtice of
fomc Itrange corruptioni, which,
by change of culiomi, by the gra-
dual oblcurity which time tbrowa
round uniecordedeventt, and the
inaccuracy cf all oral Imguige,
have happened with lefpeci to
fi^iiii.

It is welt known that amuig
ottur figns which were Utelv taken
do»n, mere was the bull and
inouih, and the bull and gate:
how a bull and a gate might come
togeiher, it was very e..fy to con.
ceivt-i but what (houldjaina bull
and a mouth, fure oo morul can
N 4 gaefs;

i84 ANNUAL REGISTER, 177^.

guefi ; yet a moaftrous pair of lips
and a bull hiive been many years
hong upy pMinied together upon a
board, as a fign for an inn, fo con-
iiderable, as to give name to the
ilreet where it flands.

Thofe who are at all acquainted
v/ith Englifli hiflory know^ thaf
one of our princes was born at
fiologne in France^ apd was there-
fore diilinguifhed by the name
of Henry of Bologpe. In com-
pliment to this prince, one Roger
cu Boorgy after having himfelf
been many times in France, took

• • • '

a houfe j'ift within the old wall of
the city near Alderfgate; and^
converting it into at: inn, put up
the (ign of the mburb or harbour of
Bclogne^ which wai called the Bo-:
Jogne-Moutbf ab we call the har-
bours on our coaft Portfmouth, and
Plymouth. What the fuccefs of
<iu Bourg W.11, we cannot certainly
tell, Lut probably it was confidera-
ble, for it produced a rival not far
diflant, who, as he could not put
up the fame iign, put up one that
might eafily be confounded with
it, the gate^ inllrad of the barbou^
of the town, which was called the
Bolcgne- Gate,

There is an inn in the Bo-
rough ilill (landing* which is known
to have been the houfe from which
the pilgrims fet out to pay their
devotions to St. Thomas a Becket,
at Canterbury, whofe tales have
been recorded by our old poet
Chaucer. This inn was formerly
diilin^;ui(hed by the fi^rn of a he-
raid's coat without (Iceves, called
a Tuberd. At that time, when our
procefljons were by cavalcade, and
when tilts and tournaments were
held on t\txy public occafion,
a herald and his office^ and his
coat, were well known. But the

name of his coat f arrived the i^
membrance of it, and ibe bo^
like other hoafcs, long retained ik
name of the fign» after the figi
was deftroyed ; when, npoa {am
occafion, it was thpaghi necfllaiy
to put op a new figp fortheT^beid
jnn, nothing was known by a bim
any thing like TabtrJ^ bat a kiid
of fpotted dog. with long eiri^
which was called a Tmlbei i a fpot-
ted dogi therefore i^rith long carii
was painted apoi| a board, inftod
of the herald*! coat^ and theic^
continued, ander a diffprrnt fy**
bo]» to be diftingaiflie^ by the fane
pame.

But the prcfent method of writ:nf
the name and the trade cf oar a-
tizens over their doors, however
explicit, is, like all other fublunar/
things, fubjefl to error and inco:-
venience.

Not long ago, at I was walkioj;
along the Strand, I caft my e^es
upon one fide of a window «bhic^
projected in half an oAitg^o from
the houfe, and I read the vordi
Hanging fFarebem/e, writreo io large
gold Ic-tt.ers : bamghg, thooght If
is an opera lion thatufci to be per.
fbrmcci ::niong us too rarely to fup-
port a repuuble houfe-kecpcf it
a warehoufe. which attraAs ibl
notice of paflengers by its fplcndij
appearance in one of our priacipsl
Arects. ( went on, and over the
window of a corner honfe arir
Golden-fquare, I read in letteri
equally confpicuous, CbiUrtnmak
bfre.

This (hop, faid I to myfelf, may
probably get more cuAomers tha
a hanging nvarebotijk ; hut fuielfi
thus publickly to advertife the
making of children, is a mod flagi*
tious breach of public decency. A; I
came back, however^ looking op

a;

MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS.

ll{

oihertof the fame kiodi Ihoald
be conflraed, nighi be tempted t«
ihinl; thit he w?$ not iq another
kingdoin only but in another
plknel, among bcingi of p Tupe*
tier order, (be maken of king*,

lig^t.

A diligent ohrerver.howevertof
thefe civic infcriptioni, wtl) oftc*
be amafrd by (he happy uoioa of
prafe$oni with DaiQei ; tod of
different Dimei with each oihrr m
pirtnerfliip. Who bot oiqft have
Doted the hippy juodioo of nnv
and IFf/t, in Lndeite-ftrect. and
of Sfimmtge with Lami, St£t with
Gijlini, B'^yr with FUtcbtr, and
m.oy othen, in diffrrent parta of
the town, but particjIarlyZrta^ and
Shtrt in High Holboro, aconjooc-
tioD which mud produce that me-
g of dium, which hai been celebrated
vare. by philofopben and poet* in alt
1 of ageiand coantriea. Between £#w-
dark jtr and FUtcbtr, ;>erhapi all mjr
in a readers may aot know Che relationi
ki we it ii therefore necelTdry to acquiiac
them, that before the inventioo of
fire-arms, two trades concurred ill
the mai;ing ao arrow. One formed
and feathered the Ihafi, who wai
long been the cuRoiq of called tfitbUrt, from the Preach
oar artificer!, yho keep a word ficb€, an arrow, aod the
hcTp they fell what they other prepirrd and fixed on the
to ufe a kind of mixed point, who »«• called :d arrow-
fmiih. FUcbitrt was eafiiy cor-
rupted into FUtthtr, aod «rrvuf
/miib baa become a proper DunCf
without alimtioQ. Ererv onealfo
moA have obr:rved, that Uir.Sbmrp
it i/iir^^ftM, that Mr. Lliittfiar \%
Dcy an efaibicary, and ihit Mr. Cm/-
fcribca hii hci keeps a hllrry-efict. Of Mr.
J with Daf malir I and Sharp, and Mr. Liiilefear, I Iball
'/ does the f^ime by zfitik- fjy nothing ; but in juftice to Mr.
inbabitantoflndij, there. Goodlucic, I muil relate an anec-
wkoin thefe word), and dote but little knono.

Everj

lie Ihop ID the other ttreet,
H^t f»r mtm, ii/amea, aii4
b I found the reft of the
t tilUrtn madt birt, if-
ollowed upon turning ih«

When I caire to read the
line of ny remi-odagan at
tboafe, 1 found (he man'i
ind DpOD looking back. 1
bat it ftood between the
Vh*Pmp*r, and thofe which
tad Dcfore, bamging ttiari-
furely our boa fe-kee peri
> divide the words which
heir name aad their trade,
' part of them may neccf-
iply that there are more,
betray fbme Frenchman,
boolcfeller may hire to tun

Eoglaod, that be may
kit travels when be goes
ito the affertion, that hc

advertife the making of
, and a convenient ware.
or the accomodaiioi
titodes who in our
go ODt of (he world
Abfiirdities as grors ai we
Of ait4 do tlill fee, in ihe
I of our couDiry by fb.
, tnd of foreign couotriei
latives of our own.

partly literal, andpanly
phic. The comipoaity ii
1 by a fymbol or a Omple,

are laconically informed,
( ausi/ir as well as fold, by
iter's name placed before

at a hat

i«6 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

Bverjr body remembers^ that
fomc years ago, a pcrfon publicly
advertifed. that he would go into
9 quart bottle, at the LuileTheaire
in the Hay-market, which has ever
^nce procured him the name of the
Bottle-Conjuror. Many perfons
repaired to the houfe at the time,
and among others Mr. Goodluck :
by fomc fortunate accident he got
into the green-room, when the con-
juror w^s praflifing with a bottle,
previous to his exhibition upon the
isigCf aod watching his opportu.
nity, when the operator had jutl
rot his head below the rim of the
bottle, he clapped a cork into it^
knd brought him away. It is Tup.
pofed that Mr. Goodluck had a
view to his future advantage in
this bold attempt : btit however
that be, it is certain, that the bot«
tie-conjuror is now in his po(re(ni)n,
^nd has made the calculation which
has fo much allonilhed the world
in Mr. Goodluck's advertifements.
By this calculation Mr. Goodluck
avers, that particular numbers have
been afcertained, among 600 of
which there will certainly be as
many prizes, as among 700 pro*
mifcuoudy chofcn.

Mr Goodluck has been feverely
cenfured for difappointing the
company at the Hay-marke;, and
confining a perfon, wh^, it not an
Englifhmanr, was at leail under the
protection of Englifti government ;
and it is in!inu3Ceci. that if his cal-
culator (liould by any means ctcape
fro.Ti tSe bottle, hi? m ly recover
fuch damages for faiie iinp-iiv n-
menr, as Mr. GoDdlucic will hnJ it
difficult to pay.

It mud, however, be acknow-
leJged, that Mr. Goodluck has
given us a rcmarkabie inilance of
fliiintercitcdacfs, and e\cn gcne-

rofity, in diftriboting amoaj
cuftomers, at common prke.*,
fortunate numbers, by che pi
feleaion of which for himfel!
might have amafled aa imi
fortune.

1 know it has been faid, t
is ridiculous to fuppofc Mr. C
luck to have any view in mol<
ing his cuftomers, but incn
his gains, and therefore it ia«
inferred I that be gets moi
felling his tickets, than by ke
them, which, if tbey were i
numbers, that have more iha
e^ual chance, coold not bi
cafe; bat this is reafooing
common principles, which
enable us to Recount for the a<
of common men, but not 1
veftigate the motives of One
keeps a conjuror in a bottle.

Yours, &c.
Ambulai

ne Fo//j 0/ Sel/^Tormimtin^

MR. Addifon fays, that \
people complain ofw
nefs or indifpofition in good \
pany, they Ihould immcjiaiel
presented with a night-cap,
hint that it would be bcit for 1
to retire. I own, I an on
thofe who have no idea of carr
either my cares, or my intiris
out of my own habiiarMn, ex
in fuch inllances as I am feo
they can receive relief, or mi:
tion : — Wny ihould I unnecetC
wounJ the good-nature of
friend, or make myfeif conten
ble to my enemies?— if the c
munlcation of mv erievance? n
interrupts the fati:^faction of t
amon^il whom J am ca(!, I 1
hurt ihem without bcncfiitin::

MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS.

187

on the contrary, if ihey
mble with me, it ii a
ridicole whicK my mind
caUted to fnllairi'-but
illow qie 10 obrervr, that

mylelf on this occaAon
tudinarian, an 1 (hf nia,;-

idet into calamille for

e fe»«rely attacked, whe-
:ail)r or corporeal'y, the
oaiplaiDing, wruld be to
be looi of huRianiiy, and
e chuaAcridici of our

nCf however, more i

lential decay of c

: then I have

ire upon the rack of her dinner

;ination; not ■ chan^^e of uncoolulled,

or a change of liiuation, 13ui 10 fucn l

not produce fome prcfent

have rain

ii tolerably powerful flie

with bra[, or if lempe-

anticipatts the inconvi:-
>f approaching winter— if
eivei a cloud, Ihe h for thi
inioaa obfcurc corner 10
ker eyea from lighintng—
I Jhe behold) a clear ho-
imblei for the confequeo-

droughc. Not a melan.
imation it dropprd in her
bat flie inn^Dily rccollcfli
.nd dreadful dif^lteri fhe
r experienced or efcaped ;
n ftie ii told of any ex-
uy piece of good fortune's

people unexpeAedly, Ihe

her Aan. that withholdi every
fuch bleSing from falling to b^i
(hare.

A brother of thii lady's, confe-
quently an uncle of mine, who
h:id met with a cruel difippoiDt-
mentinlove, ai a very early perioct
of hit life, was To morofeac to in£S;
upon it, ibat women were univer-f
fally unworthy, and univerfalty
unfailhfal— tell a floty 10 their tc]*
vantage, and he wai peialant t
mention them with fcverity, and
you apparently tear open hii olil
wound: — if he Was treated refpeA-
to the point, I mull tell fuil> by ihcm, tney were'dcceitfol.
I have perhapi the moll ard it they behaved coolly, he
!t of relation) you ever complained of being defpifed-r-
—My mother, poor wo- when the yonncer pa[I«f hit rcl4-
- aSediont are fanfliftcd tiona uere ditpofed to be rocrrr,
loignancy and Gncerity — hii head ached, and when tbejr
f the man Oie loved, and were fetioui, they treated faim as if
bug-bear — when he wiia
ilulted »hat he would chufe ^
teazed, and wliea
wa. neglefled-,
all— after yeare of
alTiduily and aiicntion, on th« f>arc
agony. If the day of all hii rthtionj, excepting your
' ' that humble fefvani, whole indepctuJent
r— if fptrit frequently incited him to
raillery, he died, and left me everf
f^.iIIing of his fottuoe at a reward
for my fincerity.

A young fi'llow, who Hands ia
Ihip of couGa-gt-rinui
ID me, IS what may jullly be en-
liil'-d a c^>n;lituiiona) felf-tormen-
lor-«-for he was fo from his in-
fancy. When a fchool-boy, what-
ever WKS in anoihir's pofTcUioD,
wt> always co:ifidered by him ai
much belter th.in hit own— hit top
never fpun fo t^ell, nor his mar-
bles rolic.l f. dtKremufly U thofe
of hti companioni — his tnfk vas
Iwnys harder tranao^ bodyclfe't,
nd his r*priiti(n of it liftened to
St iJte ungraciou fner* of with preja^icci can by oar raafter.

On

renoDfice all connexion with lb iw
diculous a groupe of wreicki;
my refolations. never thclefs, (lMr«
bjriAfi as I am) are diflblvcd bf
their applications to retnra lo
tlicm, though the infallible con-
fequeoce of our re«union« is aa al^
rupt fepttration.

It it not aftoniihing, fir, tkm
people in no degree deficient ia
nnder landing, and blefled with af-
fluence, wouid be fnch enemies la
, their rcpofe, that in dead of aitead-
ing to the diftreflei of othcng
which they have the power fe ia«
ply to relieve, they thus defeat all
the gracioni porpofes of Profi-
dence, where their own happiacft
is concemady and negleft all the
opportunities of doing good, that
lie before them i

Yonr humble fervant^
Gaoaoa GoopraLLOv.

i88 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770

On entering into life, this
grange humour increafrd upon
him; he conceived every dinner
he was not a partaker of, much
Tnore excellent than the one he
participated— Every taylor, if he
changed a dozen times in a month,
was fmarter than thofe he employ-
ed, and every eftate he heard of*
happier fitoated, and better im*
proved than his own, though the
rents were abfolutely inferior to
Vrhat he was in the receipt of. He
jl^tached himfelf to a fine accom*
pjilhed girl, but foon found out
that her filler was much more
icbarming. The filler had a young
friend who had as much the ad van-
t^e of her, and that friend, a re-
lation that furpafled them all——*

His ftrange humour and inconfiH-
eocy, focn marked him for an ob«

iedl of con:empc ; and however,

oof of refpeft to his family, he is

to this day received in fome few

ko^fes. he is tolerated not approv*

ed, pitied not honoured, notwith-

{landing his birth, education, and

ellatn.

I huve a filler, which is the laft

oddity I introduce to you at this

periof), that is evermore labouring

ondrr fome imaginary difeafe

She (ts down to table vvithoqt an

appetite, it is true— but then ihe

ha^ been eating a!I the morning—

her complexion is extremely fine —

hut the bloom of nature is called

a he4^lir-«-her voice, that is nattu

xally (wcr:, is changed into an ttf-

fe&rd whir.e, and her nerves are

fo delicate, that one of my honed

)augh< is fofficient to threw her into

hyllerics— I hav: taken great p;txns

to convince her of her folly, but

if I attempt to rally, Ihe burfts into

tears, and 1 am hurried out of the

room as the gre^teft of all borh^i-

fians, I make^aily ^^iblution^ tq

jfit original Lfittr niahick vmt
tern by the ciUhrai€4t Sir Wilfcr
Raleigh, t§ Frimce Henry, tUtJt
S§m f^ James lAr Firjf,

May it pleafe yoor Highncfs,
" 'T^HE following lines aie
X addrefled to your High-
nefs, from a man who values hit
liberty, and a very fmall fortune
in a remote part of this ifland,
under the prefent conftitution, a«
bove all the riches and honoun
that he could any where enjoy no-
der any other eftablifbmrnt.

You fre. Sir, the doArinei that
are lately come into the world, and
how far the phrafe ha^ obtained,
of calling your royal father, God's
Vicegerent ; which ill men have
turned both to the dilhonour of
God, and the impeachment of his
Majelly*s goodnefs. Th;y adjoin
vicegcrency to the idea of being all-

pcwti-

MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS,

ni not to (hat of being divine right of being their bene-
Hii Mijplty't wifdom, i'^ii^rt. Believe me, my Piince,
hoped, will five him (here is no other lighi can Huht
ire that may lie under from God. While your High-
tiont : but your youth, nefi is forming yourfcif for «,
Irft of puile, which i throne, confider the liwt » fo
ed in yon, may pofli- many common placet io your Rudy
yov 10 hearken to ihofc ofihefcience of government; when
DO would ConduA yoar you tncin nothing but jultlce. Chef
re into tyrann}'. Be are an cafe and hel^ to you. Thii
nj Prince ! Hear them way of thinking is what gave men
aibetrdeceiis ; you are (he glorious appellation of Deli-
'ffioatoi throne, from vereri and Fathers of their coon-
tvii can be imputed to try: thii nide (he light of then
I good mgft be convey- roufe their beholden into acclams-
t. (ions, and mankind incapable of

bearing their very appearance,
without ippUuding it ai ■ benefit,
ConfiJer the inexpreOlble advin-
tagea which will ever attend yoot
Highnefs, while you make the
power of rendering men happy the
meafure of your aftions. While
'mpulfe, how eaGIjr
- *- — tended.

ler U Called the Vice.

heaven ; while he

the vicegerent of hea-

I mtn have aulhoriiy

iBDuin of good to ^o

ny Prince: let mean

ate fpirit!, which m

, fuppofe your power this is your

r s difabiliiy of doing will that pow

do

int of
incapacity in a Prince,
ice be it fpokeo, it it
y be hid in common
Itf. Let me not doubt
t, which do not carry
; maiual hRppinefi of
People, will appear
jenr great underlland-
greeAblc to your noble

Tiie gUnceof your eye will give
gIa<Jners, and your very fentence
have a force of bounty. Whatever
f:>nie men would iofinuate, yoa
h»ve loll your fubjcfit when you
have loil their inclinations, Vou
are to preiide over the mindi, ooc
the bodies of men ; the foul it (he
ciTonce of the man, and yon cm*
not have (he true min ^gaioll Wu
inclination). Chiwfc ihereforc lo
)urrelf, O eeneraui be the King or the Conqueror of
inil fuch fycopbanta in your people -, it may be fubinifEoo,
' ' ■"■ 'hut it cannot be obedience (hat ia

pajSve.

4

caufe of liberty; and
aa ambition wonhy
:uie your felloiv-crra-
laveryt from a condi>
1 below that of bruiet,
hoDtrcafon. at Icfi mi-
ls aA againftir. Pre-
ar foture fubjeAi the
of being free ageott:
own roj'al btiufc the

I am, SIR,

Yovr Highncft'i

aofl /aithfal fervant,

WaLTia RatiigR.

tpo ANNUAL REGISTER, 179a

The Hiftory of a popular Cbara^cr in
France ^try much mentioned ^ but
nmy Utth kno'wn in England ;
(from the Mcount of the Ci?arac^
tirsand Manners tftbt French.)

WHILE taking notice of the
domeftic and familiar inter-
courfe fubiifting between the clerg/
and the fair fex in Prance, it were
unpardonable to omit a being of
iKrhich we fimple proteftants enter-
tain no fort of idea.

This being is what they call
here an Ahhi^ a term not to be
rendered in our language, as their
cxiflence is pofterior to the refor-
mation, and no fuch character was
known among the Romanics till
about a century and a half ago,
and fcarce even then. Their ori-
ein, like that of fome nations, is
iiardly difcernable ; though one
may venture to aflert that France
has the befl right to claim the me-
rit of having produced them^

Their £rS appearance feems to
have been about the commence-
ment of the laft century, as before
that xra it is prefumed the title of
Abbe is not to be met with, unlefs
in the monadic fenfe, (in which it
is very ancient) or to denote a per-
fon pofTeft of thofe revenues of an
abbey that fell to the department of
the abbot ; but as to the now com«
mon and almoU burlefoue denomi-
nation of Ahhu it is of the recent
date above-mentioned.

It is, however, a stxy conveni-
ent word to fignif/ what could not
otherwife be comprlfcd in one; as
an Abbe^ according to the llridlell
definition^ is n perlbn who h:is not
yci obtained ^ny preciie or fixed
fettlement in church or llatc, but
moll heartily wilhes for, and wouid
accept of either, jjll as it may

ha|)pea. There is no dev
it is to be hoped, from tn
reprefenting them in this X\\

In the mean while theii
le^es arc many. They 1
miflible in all compaaies, :
degradation to the beft, a
(landing they are (bmetiiiiei
in the worft. Their drefi ii
that of an academic, or of
fell fcholar, than of an ecch
and never varying in coIo
incumbrance on the pocket,
fociety is far from avoi<
numbers of them are gentc
fible, wclUbred, and enii;
men, fit for the converfi
any whofe purfuit is eithei
tainment or in(lra£lion.

It fhould alfo be remei
that the title of Ahbi \% a
applicable to thofe we hai
defcribin£, but Itkewife t
fiiilics of the higheft ranki
nals and bifhops only bein
it in the afual mention of
men ; all degrees of who
otherwife promifcooufly 1
to, and neither hjrts nor
any body's character.

And really it is fome <
to a poor gentleman, as
fcholar, that he can produi
fcif to the community no
flieltcr of fome decent appc
That of gentleman becoou
culous, when the means 1
porting it are apparently wi
and that of fcholar woald
thcrvain and affcrted.

Thefc Abbii are very nn
and no lefs ufcful. They
colleges, the inftruAors of
in private families, the ta
young gentlemen: and ma
cure a decent livelihood b
literary and witty compofil
all kiuds, from the prof

MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS. 191

thy 10 the moft liry ro- demluedamoDgiheFr^ncbgeDtlo

. They are, in Jhort, a body women, who know how to fet a

that poffefics a fnai of uni- fi-ll and proper eftimacion on oar

iluti and learning ; and is rerpeftive merit, yet they are ever

tly employed in the colti- accuGng us of being perpetually

feveryvarioat branch of li- plunged in a reverie, from wbick

and ingenuity. No fubjeA nothing can totally extricate ui.

r efcapes ^em I feriout or Thctr accufatiou, however, falla

<id or Indicroo), facred or erroneoufly on nmnben of oar

, all pay tribute to their re- coanirymen, who are at jocaod

; and ii they are conver- and aity ai the merriett and moft

:he loweft, 3$ well as the lively of their own. But then the

upict, their fame ii equally gaiety of an Engiilhman ii onljr

I the learaed and in the occafional, the letjemrt gai h pe-

ig world. culiar to a Frenchman 1 and it it

Twniial article would be worth obferving, that fuch a dif^.

in thit defcription of the pofiiion 11 To very far from bein[[

/ere we-topaft by their de. cor>--enial to the former, that an

a the fair fex; whofe fa- afTectntion of it is the great pitrrt

, in return, they have the d' achpptiMtiii , the fure Aumbting

>f being in the falleft and block of our young EngliOi tra-

viable degree. The wit vcllerg ; ai an Englilliman, ihdeed

irtnefs for which they are a man of any nation, always ap-

remarkable, are juft the pear* 10 the bed advantage, when

og that fuit) the ladies t he fhews bimfelf at he really i*.

e whom, all muA labour and feeka net to fet bimfelf off by

1 who are not aban- fareign airr unnatural 10 hii lem.

provided with this grand per and inclination ; and which

ue. in France, where it is only lay him open to ridicule, by

requell ani4 lefs willingly the awlcwardncfs of his endeavour*

d with, in all who aim at to imitate origioaU, of which na-

ling theorfelvei with the ture never defigned him for a

in ' in any other country copy.

r. Difr/fritli lU la i/i- To rcxarti'ia Our jfiii) , they ue

1 lively and facetious dif- like Gay't univcrfal apparition,

,if the only pafTport which, prcfent every where. The rrafon

he French ladies, will en- of which is obvious, being (ought

: party a gracious recep- after by mail people, on various

ffhoevtt haa it not, is accounts, as they are equally men

I being acceptable in tbe of buGnefs and pleafure, not lefa
ty of French companies; expert in the moll ferious tranf-'

II the ladies lit umpires, action*, than fond of enjoying
10 Bie deficient in what their Ibare of whatever occupies
;iD tbe moft neccEiry re- the gay world. Hence they dili-
will make but a very in* gently frequent all public t'pec\a-
: figure. cles, which are thought incom-
; though we ferio us, grave, plett wiihoni them ; a* they c(ua>
Dca, arc by nofflcaai go- pofc iho moft iniplligent part of

th«

i9» ANNUAL ftfeGlStfeft, 1776*

the company, and are the moft
weighty approvers or condemnen
of what paflTcs in aloioft all placet.
Certain it is, that chey ire, in
many refpeds, not only the infpcc
tort, but the cen^o^^-genera) of the
land : and that the judgments
which flow from their tribunals
are commonly very dcciHve ; more
prrhapi than fome perfonages of
very elevated ftntions would foffer
them to be» if their power ex-
tended to the controlment of the
underftanding.

Differtatien on the Virtues and Ahi-
lities £/* Caligula'/ Her e,

WH EN I read over our own
hillory, as well as that of
other nations, I ferl a kind of re-
verence rife in my foul for the me-
mories of feveral emp<rrors, king-i,
princes, and fovereign dukrs, for
the wifdom, as well as excellent
taile, they have ftiewn in (he judi-.
cioos choice of fuch perfons as
they thought worthy to be placed
at the helm of government.

When one confiders that the
prince has it in his power to chufe
out of millicns of his fubjefls, and
among whom there are no doubt
both wife men and fools, when
we lee him hit on one in whom
virtue and wifdom are fo equally
conl'picuous, that all the world
agrees thrre was not his fellow
Icn, it muft fill one's mind with
woncer and (urprize.

What a happinrls (for example)
snuft it have been to hve under the
Bufpicious reign of the emperor
C-liKuls» who had fo great a re-
gard 10 merit wherever he found
It, and tOf*k fuch a fatherly care in
provioiiig for tbt bappinefs of his

people, that he made hii horic a
miaiiter of flaie ! yet there wumc
wanting a faAioes and feditioM
party at that tiitte in Rone,«lo
took liberties with the enpcnr
himfelf, only for makiag choice
of fo afefnl an aninai co hut
with him the biirthcn of goveraiij
the world, who, after all that
could be (aid of hiflii i^as oer-
tainly a moll able mfnifter.

I doubt not but be had lis
friends and flatterers, as wdl ai
other mtnlAers have had fiacc; bft
it would move the iodignaiioa of
every loyal heart, to read with vhn
contempt and even fcarrility, a per-
fon fo highly in truft and favoif
with the emperor, was treated by
the malcontents of thofe times.

There is a period to prejudici
itfflf ; the prejudice againft tbii
great minifter, is lOng finte dead;
and I don't doubt but the prcleat
age will think more favourably of
him than that in which he lifcdj
For I think the time might be
pointed out, when a natioa for
near ten years fpace had rttkm 10
envy Rome for having even a bmjt
for a miaifier,

I am ioiTj hifiory flioold be
filent in refpe^ to fone thiagi
vtty material to be known. I
mean thofe relating to his birth,
family and education — Mcihiaki
I am curious to know, whether this
great minifter was a coach or I
cart.horfe,— ^ hunter, or a pad,^
to fpeak in the Newmaiket Aylf|
whether he had blood in his.

1 am not ignorant that theworlJ
h»s .long run away with a noiioa
that he was the worft horfe in the
Itable ; which notion I take to be
built upon a general maxim^ irhich
is known to have prevailed in the
courts of fome of ibofi; w -etched

CBjlC-

MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS.

'93

' That in a goTeni-
■Mt to be fnpported by corrnp*
dM, any bean mtj ferre for a
■iaiftcr."

Tor By own part, I am willing
■a do jaflice lo hii niemor]', sc-
Cttdinf to the bell tighu I am able
CO COlIcA from hiflory :— nay, I
Umd in BkfMf an inclination lo
believe, that he owed hit high pre-
InffleBMohii merit.

Whether I have lead or dreamed
tbe fotlowing ftory, I can't recol-
left ; — that the emperor being one
diy on hii back (bye-ihc-bye, no
■laa ia the empire rode To ill}
with bii whole court about hiin,
Aele obfequioui gentlemen per*
€dni\g how aukwardly he ma.
■aged the reim, took occafmn
from thence to flatter him upon
ftia being a moA excellent horre-
■lan, apon which the horfe irnme-
diaicly threw him, only to let
him (c« what a parerl of rarcal*
be had about him. The emperor
perceiving that tbe horfe wai the
«aly perlon about the court that
had either truth or honefly in him,
look a refoluiion Trom that mo.
aent, to raife him to ihofe high
honovri to which he ifierwardi
airived.

Be tbii at it may, it is certain
many rirtuet (hone on him after
hit rife. Id the firft pUce, he did
Mt ffieiv tbe leall alteraiion of be-
bavioar on thii luddcn change of
good fbrtBae; — he was the f-ime
creatnre ai before;— he gave him-
tt\t M overbearing ain upon it,
at ii common with thofe nifed
■beve their element — He wai the
«oly perfbn about court who Teemed
■o way conrcioui of hii having a
fnpcriority overotbcri.

He did not by any mean arts
ngage the attention and confi*

Vot. xur.

dence of tbe emprror, nor did he
mifreprefent the good intention! of
hii fubjcfti, nor did he prevail on
him to turn a deaf ear to their
complaints, or to rejA their peli.
tiooi; nor did be eogrofi the
power of all the great employ*
menu in the empire, although he
had fall at good a rifiht to fuch
power (if parti and abilitiea can
give a right) at fome that havn
ufurped it lince.

" He did not prefume to ereft
himfelf into a dictator in the fe-
nate; nor did he cither direAly,
or indireftly, bribe or command
the Tenatori to fay black was white,

freen, blue, yellow, or any colour
e was pleafed to call it: He waa
not To infolent as to caufe men of
the firll nobility in the empire to
wait hit pleafure foracctrft to his
perron.nor did he ever fend men of
the patrician order oo foutmen'i
errands, "^At corrtipt ai the pa-
trici.mi were grown at that time,
if he had given himfrlf thofe atri,
fome one amongft them «ould cer>
tainly have beftowed upon him Ui«
difcipline of the horfe-whlp,

Ai he was no flatterer himff-if,
he took no pleafurein ihe flatierici
of others; of confequencr he did
not fquander away the public trea-
fure in penHans to proltitute fl
lows to found his praifes.— He
had more fenle, at well a* more
modelly, than to expnfe himfelf to
the ridicule of the world by to pre-
poltrroui a piece of vanity.

He was consent with the {*u
and honeft appointments bclunging
to hit office, without multiplying
perquilitei, or laming every public
thing into ■ job; nor wai he eter-
nally t/ir»(im£ more and nore to
his own family j and alihoagh he
might have a> ftapid and Indivmt
O kindred

ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

194

kindred as fome other miniflers

have had fincc, he neither took

them from the plough nor the care
to difgrace hii country abroad,
nor to fpoil the public bufinefs at
home.

He was fo remarkable for his
temperance, that if he had his
belly full of oats in the morning
he never craved fcr more that day.
<^A lire inilance of moderation in
a perton of to much power!

iliilcry is not only fxlent with
rcfpcc't to hir family, but we can-
not fo much as lepin from it whe-
ther this great miniiUr was a l>one-
horll* or gelding. Some will have
him the latter, becaufe there is
nothinpr recorded of his amour?.
All that we know is, that he did
not make himfelf ridiculous that
way ; if he had, it would not have
efcaprd notice.

It is difficult to be particular in
fpcaking of one of whom fo little
is recorded ; but although authors
have been filent as to his virtues,
we may be fure he is free from all
thofe vices with which he is not
taxed ; for the vices of thofe who
arc fuddenly raifed to high prefer-
ment, are fcldom buried in oblivion ;
and upon the whole I conceive,
that notvviihflanding for fo many
centuries pad he has been treated
as a ftupid and ignorant minillcr,
yet his parts wouid make no con-
temptible figure, either in the arts
of peace, or the management of
war, when compared to thofe of
other minillers who have lived
fioce. Aid to thi^, his temperance
and modeily, and above all, that
honed and d-fintereOed mind which
kept him within fuch bound.^ that
though he lived upon nothing but
bay and corn, hr never Hole any.
Whoever considers all thefe

things with an onprtjodiced jodg>
ment, muft differ from the com-
mon opinion with refpcft to tkii
favourite ; and upon an impirt'ul
comparifon with fome o:her ao-
dern favourites, will be obliged to
own, that the horfe was not oaij
the honefteft, but by f<ir the «if.H
miuiiicr. lam, &c. Cevtaus.

hj Sir Jofhua Re)nolds.

HAVING lately fcen a pari,
graph in the public paprr^,
relative to a pidture, now paioiiag
by Sir Jofhua Rcynuids, it a.yncit
be difagreeable to olt readcri to
be made acquainted with the fub-
jr6l, which the admirable D«r.ie
has introduced in his Inferno, ;r.i
which is not fuificiently kn ..o.
Ugolino, a Florentine counr, ii
giving the deicription of his bang
imprifoned, with his children, by
the archbifhop Roggeri. — '* T^-e
hour approached, when ue fx-
pc6\cd to have fomcthing bri i-^h;
us to c.it. But inftiai of fee; "g
any food appear, I heaid ihf d»Ki;>
of that hvTrible dungero ir.ore
clofcly barred. I beheid my lit'.Is
childien in filcnct*, and couiJ not
v.eep. My heart was petrifiej!
The little wretches wept, and ny
dear Anfelm faid, ' Father, )oa
look on us! what ails )0U!' I
could neither weep nor anf^cr,
and continued fwallovied op it
filent agony, all that day, and the
following night, even tiil the diwn
of day. As foon as a glijimrriog
ray darted through the dolcfal
pnfon, that I could view a^iiin
thof^* four fjccs in which my o*n
image wu* impreffed, I gni*"
boih my hand;, with grief v^^

raec.

MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS. tgs

Mr children believing I did him, in whofe handt are the ktp-
iroDgh eagernefg to cut, raif- trei or kingi, c>q never pronois
lemiielvM fuddenly up, faid the true intereft of the people over
Father, our tornienti whom they are lUotieJ lo govern,
if yoa would allay Be mindful, I fay, my dear DkU-

Fhio, ofyoar duty to God; and
repeat the fame to the princefs
liiy daughter. Be mindful of the
good of the people over whom,
whenever it happeni, yon will ^<U
vernfoo foon. Reverencr the kin^
your grandfather: he good sa he
li ^ood; and render yourfelvei ac-
ceQible to ihofe who laboui

might

be lefi,
ge of yoar hunger
rained myfelf, that I :
:reafetheir mifery.
lie hdt dav and tf^e follow-
The foonfa day bein? com
) failing extenJea ai my fei
' My father, why do you not
ne?*'and died. The other
expired one after the other

I the fifth and Cixth day, misfortunei. It

1 feelt

, being feized with blind-
jegan i.-> go groping upon
with iny hands and feat;
antinued calling <hem by
lamei three days after ihey
lead. Th^n hunger van-
I ny grief."

mpoflible, in

carrying yourfelf ii
but that you malt iharc in the ge-
neral happinefi. My daughter will
love you, I am fure fhe will, be-
caufe 1 know the inward fenti>
menu of her heart; hut the more
I make myfelf anfwerable for her
love and her cndearmenit, the

greater reafoo I haw to expeft that

yon will prelerve for her an in-
./«• e/ a letlir /row tit violable affeflion. Farewell, my
'f/s S"ao. It III, Daufhim dear Dauphin ; all happined at-
r«nce,~«fl bii Marriagt ii/air tend you : my eyes overflow wiik
trtbtiMcbtfi btr Dmugbitr. wars.

UR confort, mydcarDao. ~

<hin, hamuli taken her leave
A) Ihc was my delight, 1

le will be your happinefs.

trained her up in foil con-
that the would one day
your fortune, 1 have in.

ler with love to your per-

1 duty CO your will; with

eft to fofien your carej,

th the defire of feeking

Ccafion of pleating you. 1

■neftly recommended to her

ioui thought! a fervent de-

0 the King of Kiogi, un-

irm perfuaGon that thofe

rglcft their duty, towards

E)ttTaafT»m ihi R*r«rJi ^ fit Ttwm
ef Arundel.

A Pew month} before the ab-
dication of the daftardly
tyrant James II. lord chancellor
Jeffriet, of deteAed memory, went
to Arundel in SufTez, in mder to
influence an eledion. He took
his refidence at the caflle, and
went the day fixed for the eleOioa
to the town-ha)1, where Mr. Peck-
bam, who was then mayor of
Arunde), held his court. Jeffiies
had the impudence to fhew bia
blondy face there ; the mayor or.

O t d«c4

^« ANKtJAL lt£01St£ftt vn^

dtnd Um to wididrftur imtte- perplex ftill ntmt die UigH A

diitelx ; tnd in cafe of refaftl. fian, and to enrtge the popeSace,

tlireatened to have Um committed* retifcd immcsdiatclf. Tlie ant

«« YoQ/' iaid ht, << who ooght to momiag he iavited Peckhaai n

be the goaidiaii of our Iawi« and breakfii with him. Which he le-

of oar facred confticotioo, ihall cepted ; bat he had the coefi|e

sot fo aadadouflj tiolate them, to fcom to take a ^laoe, wm

This ti my coort, and my jorif- the mcrdkia tttoitioacr oftiil

di€tion here it abote yourt.*^ himt
JeSrieii Who Wat noit wUIii^ to

POBTtT

I 197 1

O E T R

^mBfitm The Deibktid VilLaci j a Pttm, ty Dr. Goldtbithjl
QWEET Aukukn! parent of ibe blifsful hour,

0 Tby glides fbrlora conferi the t^ranc'i powet*
jRcre u t tike my rolicary roundi,
Antidlt thy iingliDg walks, and ruined grottDdf*
And, many a year ehpled, return [O view
Wheix once the cottage flood, the hawifaorD grew,
Kemembrance waket with all her bufy train,
Swelli at my breaft, and iQrni the paft to pain.

In all my wanderingi round thti ivortd of care.
In all my gricfi— and God has given my Dit/'e—

1 Aill had nopea my laieft hours to crown,
Amidll [hefe humble boweri to lay ine downi
To hulband oui li/e'a taper at the clofe,
And keep the flame from wafting by repofe;
] ftill had hopes, for pride attends ns flill,
Amidlt the fwaint 10 Ihew my book-Ieara«d Ikill^
Around roy fire an evening groape to draw,
And tell of all 1 felt, and alTl Taw;
And, at an hart whom houndi and horni purfar.
Pants to the place from whence at firfl Ihe Atw.
t Sill had hopes, my long vexations pait.
Here to return— and die a[ home at lall.

O bleft rctifcmeni, ftiend to life'i decline.
Retreats from care that never mufl be mine.
How happy he who crowns in Otades like iitfe,
A youth 01 labour with an age of cafe ;
Who quilt a world where Brong temptaiioat try.
And. tact 'tis bard to con. bat, learns to fly!
For him tiD wreichei, burn to work and weep ;
Explore tht mine, or tempt the dangerous deep)
No furly porter llaods in guiily Itilr,
To rpnrn imploring famine from ihr gate.
Bat On he moves to meet bis latter cod,
Angcli around befriending virtue's fneoil ;
fiend) to the grave with unperieivcd decay.
While refi^oation grntly iinpcj the way {
And all b)> profpc&s brightening to ih« lall>
~|BU Wrta commcacn oc the world lie pjJt I

i^ ANNUAL REGISTER. I??**

Sweet was the foand wben oft at etening't cUrfc»
Up yon<kr hill the village marmar roTe ;
There as I pad with carelefs fteps and flow.
The mingling notes- came foftrned from below;
Thefwsin refponiive as the milk-maid fiiDg»
The foh^r herd that lowed to meet their yoang*
The poify eeefe that gabbled o*er the pool*
The playful children jufl let loofe from fchooU
The watch-dog's voice that hayed the whifpering wind,
And the loud laugh that fpoke the vacant miad ;
Thefe all in fweec confufion fought the (hade»
And filled each paufe the nightingale had made:
But now the founds of population fail.
No chearful murmurs fluctuate in the gale.
No bufy (leps the grafs-grown foot- way tread,
l^or all the bloomy flu(h of life is fled.
All but yon widowed, folicary thing
Xhat feebly bends befide the plalhy fpring ;
She, wretched matron, forced, in age, for bread.
To ilrip the brook with mantling crefles fpread.
To pick her wintry faggot from the thorn.
To feek her nightly (bed, and weep till morD ;
She only left of all the harmlefs train,
' The fad hiHorian of the penfive plain.

Near yonder copfe, where once the garden foiled.
And dill where many a garden flower grows wild ;
There, where a few torn (hrubs the place difclofe,
The village prcacher*s modeft manfion rofe.
A man he was, to all the country dear.
And pafling rich with forty pounds a year ;
Remote froth towns he ran his god^y race.
Nor e'er had changed, nor wifhed to change his place;
Unpra^ifed he toTawn, to feck for power.
By do^rines fafhioned to the varying hour;
Far other aims his heart had learned to prize.
More (killed to raife the wretched than to rife.
His houfe was known to all the vagrant train.
He chid their wanderings, but relieved their pain;
The long remembered beggar was his guel!,
"Whofe beard defcending iwept his aged bread ;
The ruined fpendthrift, now no longer proud.
Claimed kindred there, and had his claims allowed ;
The broken foldier, kindly bade to (lay.
Sate by his fire, and talked the night away ;
Wept o*er his wounds, or talcs of forrow done.
Shouldered his crutch, and (hcMcd how fields were won,
Pleafed with his gueds, the good man learned to glow.
And quite forgot their vices in their woe ;

Ca

POETRY. 195

Ctreleft their merits, or their faults to fcan.
His pity gave ere charity began.

Thus to relieve the wretched was his pride.
And even his failings leaned to Virtue's (ide;
JBut in his duty prompt at every call.
He watched and wept« he prayed and felt, for alK
And, as a bird each fond endearment tries.
To rempt its new-fledged offspring to the fkies;
He tri^d each art, reproved each dull delay.
Allured to brighter worlds, and led the way.

Befide the bed where parting life was layed.
And forrow, guilt, and pain, by turns difmayed.
The reverend champion flood. At his control,
Defpair and anguilh fled the ilruggling foul ;
Comfort came down the trembling wretch to raife.
And his lafl faultering accents whifpered praife.

At church, with meek and unaffcAed grace.
His looks adorned the venerable place?
Troth from his lips prevailed with double fway.
And fools, who came to feoff, remained to pray*
The fe|;vice pafl, around the pious man.
With fleady zeal each honeft roftic ran ;
Even children followed with endearing wile.
And plucked his gown, to fhare the good man's fmile.
His ready fmile a parent's warmth expreft.
Their welfare pleafed him, and their cares diflreft;
To them his heart, his love, his griefs were given.
But all his ferioos thoughts had refl in Heaven.
As fome tall diff'that lifts its awful form.
Swells from the vale, and midway leaves the florm,
Tho' round its breaft the rolling clouds are fpread.
Eternal funlhine fettles on its head.

Belide yon ftraggling fence that fkirti the wiy»
With bloffomed uirze unprofitably gay.
There, in his noify manuon, fkill'd to rule.
The village mailer taught his little fchool;
A man feverc he was, and flern to view,
1 knew him well, and every truant knew ;
Well had the boding tremblers learned to trace
The day's difaflers in his morning face;
Full well they laughed with counterfeited glee.
At all his jokes, for many a joke had he;
Full well the bufy whifper circling round.
Conveyed the difmal tidings when he frowned;
Yet he was kind, or if fevere in aught.
The love he bore to learning was in fault;
The village all declared how much he knew;
'Twas certain he conld write, and cypher too;

O 4 Lands

SCO ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

Lmdt he coold meafare^ termt tad tides prefiige,
And even the ftory ran that he coald gftoge*
In arguing too, the parfon owned his ftill.
For even tno' vanqQi(bed« he coald argae ftill ;
While words of learned length and thandering (btndy
Amazed the gazing roftict ranged aronod ;
And ftill the/ gazed^ and ftill the woader grew»
That one rmalihead could carry all he knew.

Bat paft is all his fame. The very fpot
Where many a time he triamphed» is forgot.
Near yonder thorn ^ that lifts its head on nigh.
Where once the fign-poft caught the paffing tye.
Low lies that honfe where nuubrowa draughts iofpircdi
Where grey-beard mirth and fmiling toil retired.
Where village ftatefmen talked with looks profound^
And news much older than their ale went round.
Imagination fondly ftoops to trace
The parbor fplendours of that feftive place;
The white-waflied wall, the nicely-fanded floor,

^ The varniflied clock that clicked behind the door ;

' The cheft contrived a double debt to pay,
A bed by night, a cheft of drawers by day;
The pifturet placed for ornament and ufe.
The twelve good rules, the royal game of goofe |
The hearth, except when winter chilled the day.
With afpen boogbs, and flowers and fennel gay.
While broken tea-cups, wiArly kept for fliew.
Ranged o'er the chimney, gliftencd in a row.
Vain tranfitory fplendouri t Could not all
Reprieve the tottering manfion from it fall !
Obfcure it finks, nor fliall it more impart
An hour's importance to the poor man's hcyt ;
Thither no more the peafant (ball repair
To fweet oblivion of his daily care ;
No more the farmer's news, the barber's tale.
No more the wood-man's ballad ihall prevail ;
No more the fmith his dufky brow fliall clear.
Relax his ponderous (Irehgth, and lean to hear ;
The holt himfelf no longer (ball be found
Careful to fee the mantling blifs go round ;
Nor the coy maid, half willing to be prcll,
Shall kifs the cup to pafs it to the relt^

P C K T R Y. 96%

OOE/irfA(NEW YEAR, 1770^
J5» William Whitibiad, S/ji

TI'ORWARD. jMoiitpn) thine eyet,
Jp Future fceno in pnfped view,
Kifing ai the mom'nu rile,

Tbat farm the fleeting year anew.
FteOi benesdi the fcythe of Time,

Could the MuTe'i voice avail,
Jov> fhonld fpring, and reach iheir priac,
BlooniDg 'ere the former failj
And every jo)p in tribute bring,
To Briiais, and to Britain'* King.
Sana fhoold warm the pregnant foil.

Health in every breeze Ihould blow;
Plenty crown the peafant'a toil.

And fhine npon hi) chearfal brow.
Ronnd the throne whilft dnty waits,

Daly join'd with filial love.
Peace monld triumph in oar gatet.
And every djftant fear remove;
*Till gratiiode to Heaven Oioold raift
The fpcaking eye, the fong of praife.
Let the oationi raand in arms
Stnn the world with war** alarm*; '

But let Britain Aill be foond
Safe within her wai'ry bound.
Tyrant Chief* may real.-nt deHroy:
Nobler ii onr HoDarch'a joy.
Of all that'a truly great poaer*'d,
An4, by bleffinj[. truly bleft.'
Tho' comcti rife, and wonder mark their way

Above the bound* of Nainre'i fober lawi.
It i« tb« alUcbearing lamp of day.

The permaneot, ibe unerring ctnfe.
By whom th' enliveo'd world it* courfe maintaini;
By whom all nature liDilci, and bcanteou* order reigni.

(« tit Htm. Mip YOKKI, (mfltrvtarilt Lmdy Anfon) n hrr

n York*. ^,

J>AIR irtift ! welt thy peocll hat eOiiyM
I To tend a poet'* fame thy friendly aid;
rett Daati'i imt«e i» thy line* w« trace j
Aid white tkt MbIu tnia ihy coloori grace.

^ol ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

The Mafe propitioas on the draught (hill fmlle.
Nor, envioas, leave unfong the gen 'rout toil.

Pidure and Poetry juft kindred claim,
' Their birth, their genius, and purfuits the fame;
Daughters of Phoebus and Minenra, thejr
From the fame fourccs draw the heavenly ray*
Whatever earth, or air, or ocean breeds.
Whatever luxury or weaknefs needs ;
All forms of beauty Nature's fceqpt difclofe.
All images inventive arts compofe;
What ruder paflions tear the troubled breail.
What mild affedlions foothe the foul lo reft.
Each thought to Fancy magic numbers raife
Expreflive pidlure to the fenfe conveys*
Hence in all timet with focial zeal confpire.
Who blend the tints, and who attune the lyre.
See ! in reviving Learning's infant dawn, .
Ere yet in precepts from old ruins drawn,
Sham'd the mock ornaments of Gothic tafle.
New artiils form'd, each Grecian buft replaced ;
Kre Leo*s voice awak'd the barbarous age,
Opprefs'd by monkifh law, and Vandal rs^:
See ! Da'ntet Petrarch, thro' the darknefs ftrive.
And * Giotto's pencil bid their forms furvive 1
When now mcturer growth fair Science knew,
f Titian her favour'd fons ambitious drew;
Not half fo proud with princes to adorn
His tablets, as with wits lefs nobly born,
Ariofto, Aretine, yet better (kill'd
On Utters and on virtue fame to build :
Thefe in their turn indrudl the willing fong.
The painter's fading glories to prolong.
In later times, hear Waller's polifh'd vcrfe
The various beauties of Vandyke rehearfe ;
And Dryden, in fublimer drains impart
To Kneller praife more lading than his art.

Friend (hips like thefe from time receive no law,
Contradled oft with thofe we never faw ;
In cv*ry art who court an endlefs fame.
Thro' dillant ages catch the facred flame :

* Giotto was the fiholnr of Cimabue, and the firft painter of any
that appeared in Italy. He worked at Florence; was the contempo
Dante and Petrarch, whofe piclurcs he drew, and with whom he 1
IriendQiip.

•f Titian drew more portraits of kings and princes, than any pain
e\-er lived. Anodo and Aretine were hi« friends and contemporaries, o
he made piAures.

POETRY. aoj

See * Zearis, waroi'd by Homer'i rage divine,
Wiih rapture read, and what he readt, defign!
See t Julio, bred on rhe Parnafltan foil,
Wirh Virgil'a grandear digniTy hii toill
J CIovio, perhapi, like aid to Dante ow'd ;
Intent hi) ligure on the can vat glow'd :
To DaoE^'i fame the grateful colours fianr,
And ivreathi of laurrl bind hii honour'd brow.

Thoa too, whom Nature and the mufe inpire,
Lift'ning the poet's lore haft canght hit fire;
With fo ouch fpirit ev'rjr feature fraught,
Clovio might onn thi) imitated draught;
And Dante, were he confcioui of the praife,
Would fing thy labour* in iinmorial lays; -
His melancnaly air to gladncfi tarn'd.
No longer his nnchankfal Florence moum'd;
Fair f Beatrice's charms would lofe their force,
No more her Aepi o'er heaven direfl kit courfe ;
To thee the bard wonid grant the nobler place.
And 8(k thy gaidance tkro' the paths of peace.

Oh ! could my eloquence, like his, perfuade
To leave the bauodea walks by others made.
Thro' nature's wilds bid thy free genius rove.
Copy the living race, or waving grove ;
Or boldly ri&og with fuperior ftill.
The work with heroes or with poets fill;
Then might I claim deferv'd the laurel crown.-
My verfe. not quite negle&ed or unknowni
Then Ihoold the world thy glowing pencil fee.
Extend the friendlhip of its art to me.

tux!) i* fiid to have ftudied Homer with particular altentian. He aU
ad fuch p:u'ts of hit poemt, as were belt fuited to the lulijcA he had is
■efore he ta«k up his pencil.

ilio Romano, the dirciple and favourite of Raphael, was faid to hxve a
' majclty in his compolitions. He was the beil fcholu of ihc modern
i, and a diligent reader of Virgil, and tlie grealel) poeti.

lio Clovio lived mo years after Dante. The portrait of Dinie, here
leil, reprefcnts him in a melancholy polhict in the fore-ground, looking
1 Florence, from whence he wai banilhed during the commotioni in that
1 which he bore the highelt offices. Clovio*! great work ii a book of
;s, to be fecn at this day in the Florentine gallery, the fubjefts of which
aken from Dante's poem on hell, purgatory, and iKaven.

utrice, the milhrfa of Dante in his ynuth, who died many yean before
Ml of whom he fpcaks with girat affeftion. She ii reprtfonted in the
as (he guardian angel who leads him through faeavn, as Virgil anil
do their heroes thisugh bell and pulsatory. ,

«04 ANNUAL ItEGlSTlSk, 1776;

7*# a Ltii) with a Fnjhi rf Pope'jt Wl/* B^ tk Sm*

THE lover oft, to pleafe lb»t faithlefi dant^
With volgar prefenu leedt tKe ^jiag flaa^^
Then addi « veric, of (lif hted vows coiBpUilu,
While flie the giver aod the gift diidaiBt,
Thefe ftxaiot oo idle fuit to thee comiiieod^
On whom g«f love* with chafte defiret attead i
Nor ftacied esrceHeoce* oor aoMirooa care.
Prompts to raih praife, or fillt with load de^sair |
Enoogh, if the fair vc^ame &od acceft;
Thee the great poet's lay fliall bed eaprefit
Thy beateoQt image there thoo may'ft regard.
Which ftrifces with nodeft awe the meaotr bard.
Sore had he living viewM thy teader yamth.
The blttfli of hoooof » aad the ^racc of troth.
Ne'er with Belinda'! charms hu foog had glov'd^
But from thy lorm tbe lov'd idea flow'd i
His wanton fatire ne'er the fex had icom*d.
For thee, by Virtae aad the Mafe adora'd*

SuauBMS nr tbe Mmmtr §f Waller : occafi$mid fy m Riceifi t§ mA
livm to iht Author bj a Lad^. Bj tho S4mi»

TN earlieft times, *ere maa had leam*d
I Hit fenfe in writing to imparr.
With inward aagaiti oft he bnro'd.
Hit friend anconfcioitt of the fmart*

Alone he pin*d in thicfceft (hade^

Near m armoring waters iboth'd his griefs

Of fenfelefs rocks companions made.
And from their echoes fought relief*

Cadmus, 'tis faid, did firfl reveal
How letters flioold the mind exprefs^

Aad taaght to grave with poiaied fteelj
On waxen tablets iu diftrets.

Soon was the feeble waxen trace

Supply *d by Ink's anfading fpot.
Which to remoteft climes conveysi,

{q cleareft marks, the fecret thought*

Bleft be his chymic hand that gave
Tha world to know fo gtcat a good t

Bard I that his name it ihoaUi not favet
Who firS poar'd forth the (able flood*

"Tie this coafigns to eadleft praifis
Tbe hero's valaar, AateteaaH ari^

9 i

» O E T It T. 4«J

Htftoric truth as^ tMing U]'t,

Tbe mudea'i tyttt the lovcf *■ Wub

If till eUirion'i Lnhe lire

iMBMrtsI ta poetic lore.
What boMmn uall tbe flmm receiv*

Swftd to mcrn'ry*! better pow'r t

Who DOW from Helicoii'i fam'd well

The droBi celeftial woald reqeeft,
Wbee by lok'i magic he can Tpell

The image of hit faithfal breaftf

Thii kiodlf fparei the modeA toegM

To feeak alood the pleiGng pain^
Aided Df thti, in tanetul fon^

Fond vowi the virgin-paper Aain.

Tbo' ftain*d, yet innoccDt of fame, ,

No blodi ih' indignant reader wariai.
If well ezprcfi'd the pact's Same,

Inlpir'd by fair Maria'f chatmi.

[NT A. ^« Eliot. ByJoHMGiKiAmn, Cm^t y
Withyconbe in the Moor, Devon.

FUtt mimm, ffl'vte, diJtBajM mra, fadUm

Am iltnm Umtrt, rmr», ItrtmdaftJti RitAKK*

N o'ergrowa wood my waod'rinc ftepi invade*
' "" ■ ' ' atrodde '

A** -

T\ With fnrface laaniled in a

Dire haani, for none bat favige monfters made.

Where fraDi defcend, and howling tempefti blow.
Here, ffom the fearch of bafy mortali flray'd.

My woe-woro fool Ihall hn> ber galling cbiia:
For fere, no forefl boalli too deep a fliade.

No b»aiit too wild for nifery to renain,
O my Amhta 1 dear dillraAing name !

Late all my comfort, all my fond delight t
Still writbet my fool beneath iti tori'iiog flame.

Still thy pale inage (Iti my aching fight 1
When Ihall vain aem'ry flomber o'er her woci?

When to oblivion be her tile reSgn'd I
Whtn fhill thii fatal form io deaib repofe.

Like thine, fair viAiin, to the daft conGgn'd t
Again the accent* faulter on my tongae i

Again to tear the confcioni tear facceedt:
Prom fliarp refleAioD u the dagger fprnng.

And nature, wonndcd to the center, bleed*.

I

9^ ANNUAL .REGISTER* «77*

Ye bitter (kies I upon the tale defcend—
Ye bUfts ! tho* rade your vifit9» lend an ear— —

Aroandy ye gentler oaks, yoor branches bendj
Andy as ye lifteo, drop an icy tear.

'Twas when the ftep with confcious pleafore roves*
Where roand the ihadet the circling woodbinei throoj;

When Flora wantons o'er the enamelPd groves,
And^feather'd choiri indulge the am'rout foog.

Infpir'd by duteoos love, I fondly (lray*d»
Two milk- white doves officious to enfnare's

Beneath a filent thicket as they play'd^
A grateful prefent for my fofter fair>

But ah I ip fmiles no more they ir.et my fight.
Their ruffled heads lay gafping on the ground:

Where (my dire emblem) a rapacious Kite,

Tore their foft limbs, and ftrcwM their plnmcs arooM*

The tear of pity ftolc into my eye ;

While rud^'r pafTioni in their turn fqcceed :
Forbid the victims unreveng'd to die.

And doom the author of their wrongs to bleed.

With bally Hep, epra^t'd, I homewards ran,

(Caffe on my {^td) th* unerring tube I brought.

That fatal hour my date of woe began.

Too (harp to teI!-r-ioo horribjc for thought—

Difaftrous deed l^rrevocable ill ! ■ ■
How (hall I tell the anguiih of my fate!

Teach me, remorfdcfs monftcrs, not to feel,
Inflrudl me, fiends and furies, to relate I

Wrathful behind the guilty (hade I Hole,

I rals'd the tube— the clam'rous woods refound—

Too late 1 faw ihe idol of my foul
Struck by my aim, fall (hrieking to the ground !

No other blifs her foul allow'd but me;

(Haplefs the pair that thus indulgent prove)
She fought concealment from a (hady tree.

In amorous filence to obferve her love.

»

I ran — but oh 1 too fooo I found it true I—

From her (lain'd bread life's crimfon ftrearo'd apace;

From her wan eyes the fparkjing luilres flew—
.The (hort-liv'd rofes faded from her face!

Gods ! — could I bear that fond reproachful look.
That drove her peerlefs innocence to plead!—

But partial death awhile her tongue forfook.
To fave a wretch that doom'd himfclf to bleed.

1

€€

€€

€€
4€

POETRY. ^

Wbilc I diftraded prefs'd her in my armi.
And fondly llrove t'imbibe her lateft breath ;
O rpare, rafh love, (he cry'd, thy fatal charms,
«< Nor feek cold fhelter in the arms of death.

Content beneath thy erring hand I die.
'* Oar fates grew envioas of a blifs fo true^
Then urge not thy didrefs when low I lie,
*' fiut in this breath receive my laft adiea!"—

No more (he fpake, but droop'd her lily head !

In death (he ficken'd^-breathlefs— haggard— pale-^
While all my inmoft fool with horror bled.

And a(k'd kind vengeance from the pa(Biig gale.

Where flept your bolts, ye lingering light*nigs fay ;

Why riv'd ye not this (elf-condemned breaft?—
Or why, too paffive earth, didft thou delay

To ftretch thy jaws, and cru(h me into red?—

Low in the duft the beauteous corfe I plac'd,

Bfdew'd and foft with many a falling tear;
With fable yew the rifing turf 1 grac'd.

And bade the cyprefs mourn in filence near.

Ofc as bright morn's all-fearchtng eye returns.

Full to my view the fatal fpot is brought;
Thro' (leeplcfs night my haunted fpirit mourns.

No gloom can hide me from diftrading thooght.

When, fpotlefs vi£tim, (hall my form decay?
This guilty load, fay, when (hall I re(ign ?
When (hall my fpirit wing her chearlefs way,
' And my cold corfe lie treafur'd up with thine ?

Efifile from an unfortunatt youmg Gituliman t§ a J9ung Ladym

By the SoMu*.

rHESE, the lad lines my hands can write,
Thefe words, the laft my dying lips recite,
ead, and repent that your unkindnefs gave
wretched lover an untimely grave !
onk by defpair from life's enchanting view,
oft, ever loft co happinefs and you !—
o more thefe eye-lids (how'r inceflant tears,
o more my fpirit finks with boding fears ;
o more your frowns my fning paflion meet,
o more I fall fubmiffive at your feet :
^ith froidefs love this heart (hall ceafc to barn^
\ft's empty dream (hall never more return.

* Occaiioned by a cataftrophc well known in the Weft.

Think

90l ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770;

Think not, that laboring to fobdae yofur haie»
My artfal fool forebodtt a ftftded fiite ;
For *ere yon foo defcendt hit wefttra mtj.
Cold ihall I lie, a lifeleft lomp of clav!

Tir'd of my long encoantert with aifilaia»
Peaceful my pulfe, and ebbing from ita (laiai
Each vital movement finking to decay.
And my fpent foul juft languiihing away |
'Ere my laft breath yet hovers to depart ,
I prompt my hand to poor out all my heart.
The hand, oft raisM compaffioo to implore;
The heart, that burtt with flighted fires no more!

Relentlefs nymph ! of nature's ^irefi frame,
Unpitying ibulf and woman but in name;
Aiigelic bloom the coldeft heart to win.
Without, allarement, but difdain within ;
Regard the founds which feat my parting breath
Ere the vain murmurs ihsll be hufli'd in death.
Let pity view what love difdain'd to fave.
And mourn a wretch fent headlong to the grave.

Profufeof all an anxious lover's care.
To urge his foit, and win the lift*ning fair ;
Try*d ev'ry porpofe to relieve my woe^
My foul chides not, for innocent I go ;
Save when foft pity bids my gentler mind
Shrink at your fate, and drop a tear behind.

How oft and fmitlefs have I firove to mote
Unfeeling beauty with the pangs of love ;
As rofe yoor breaft with captivating grace.
And heighcenM charms came blnihing to yoor face;
Infulting charms! chat gave a fiercer wound.
Fond as I lav, and proftrateon the ground.
Heav'ns ! with what fcorn you drove my foit to meet,
Frowo'd with your eyes, and fpurn'd me with your fee
To bleeding love fuch hard returns you gave.
As barb'rous rocks that da(h the preffing wave.
O could your looks have turn'd my haplefs fate.
And frown'd my (horc-liv*d paffion into hate;
Then had no fcatteriog breeze my forrows known.
Nor vale refponfive had prolong'd the moan ;
Then had thofe lips ne'er learnt (heir woeful tale.
Nor death yet cloath'd them in eternal pale.

Oft to the woods in frantic rage I flew
To cool my bofom with the falling dew ;
Oft in fad accents figh'd each prompting ill^
And taught wild oaks to pity and to feel;
Till with defpair my heart rekindled bnrns^
And all the angnifli of my foul returns.

POETRY. aoj

TV.en relllcfs to the fr-.grant meads I hie,
Dciiih in my face, didradlion in my eye;
1 here as reclin'd along ihc verdant plain.
My grief renews her heart-wrung ilraios again^
Lo! pitying Phcsbus fiftks, with forrow pale.
And moarnful night defcends upon the tale!

When tir*d, at length, my wron^l no more complain.
And fighs are ftifled in obtufer pain;
When the deep fountains of my eyes are fpent.
And fiercer anguifh finks to difcontent;
Slow I return, and prodrate on my bed
Bid the foft pillow lull my heavy head.
But oh! when downy (leep its court renews^
And (hades the foul with vifiona'-y vieas,
Illufiire dreams to fan my flurab'ring fire^
And wake the fever of intenfe delire,
Prefent your fofter image to my fight,
AH warm with fmillJ, and glowing with delight;
Gods! with what blifs I view thy darling charms>
And drive to clafp ihee melting in my armsl^i-*
But ah ! the (hade my empty gra fp deceives;
And as it Hits, and my fond foul bereaves.
Thcjranfi'^ »t (lumbers (lip their airy chain.
And give me back to all my woes again:
There wrapt in floods of grief I figh forlorn.
The condant greetings ot unwelcome mora,
Bot (hould oblivion reaflume her fway.
And (lumbers Once more deal my woes away^
When the (hort flights of fancy intervene.
Your fflucb-lovM image fills out tvety fcene.
But now no more fofc^fmilcs your face adorn.
Lot o'er each feature broods dedruAive fcorn^
Suppliant in tears 1 urge my fuit again.
Sullen you dand, and view me with difdaini
Your ears exclude the dory of my fmart,
YOur baleful eyes dart anguiih to my heart.
I wake-^glad nature hails returning day.
And the wild fongfters chauni their roatin-lay|
The fun in glory mounts the crydal fky.
And all creation is in fmiles but !•
Then, link in deaths my (enfesl— — for in vain
You (Irive to auench the phrency of -your pain;
Break, break, u>nd heart! ■ • her hate th n ctnft ttot taaie.
Then take this certain triumph oVr ihy fltmck
*Tis done!* the dread of future wrongs if pdi-^-^
Lol brittle paflion verges to its laftl
*Tis done l^i^^vain life's illufive fcenes are 6*cr« ■■■
Difdainful beaatjf fliakea her chaiAs no nwra.
Vol. XUi. P Come,

aTd ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770;

Come, peacefal gloom, expand thy downv brctft«
And foothe, O footbe me Co eterntl reft !
There huih my plaints, and gently loll my woei j
Where one (till ftream of doU oblivion flows.
No laboring bread there heaves with tortoro't throwt|
No heart confumes her daily hoard of woes ;
No dreams of former pain the foal invade^
Calmly (be deeps, a fad unthinkiog Qiade!

But e'er from thought my ttrag*iing Ibal it free.
One latell tear (he dedicates to tnee*
She views thee on the brink of vain defpair.
Beat thy big breaft, and rend thy flowing hair.
Feels tort'ring K>ve her fable deluge roll.
Weigh down thy fenfcs, and overbear thy fooK
In vain your heart relents, in vain yo« weep.
No lover wakes from his eternal fleep.
Alas ! I fee thy frantic fpirit rave.
And thy laft breath expiring on my grave.
Is this the fortune of thofe high-prix'd charms?
Ah I fpare them for fome worthier lover'a arms.
And may thefe bodings neVr with troth agree.
My grief and angoi(h oe nnknown to thee.
My bitter mem'ry ne'er recount with pain.
That e'er yoo frowa'd, or I admir'd in vain.

No more— -my fpirit is prepar'd to fly«
Supprefs'd my voice, and (liffen'd is my eve.
Death's fwimming (hadows intercept my view.
Vain world, and thou relentlrfs nymph^ adieu«

J Tranjlation of Dr. King'/ Lafin EftftU^ ntitltd^ Antonietti*/ Ai^
the Cor(2cans, cpnaming tbiir Cboia of a King. Bj Mr. Rnfiel

THO' Phcebos kindly (hould infpire
Such ftrains at dwelt on Virgil's lyre.
With all the ftrength and eafe polite
That poets wi(h for when they write.
Nor battles (hould my verft employ.
Nor kings who conqoer-~to deftroy.
Bavaria's fons might croud the plain.
And Gallia war with taeighb'ring Spaio»
While Britons^ carelefs of their own.
Invade the peace of lands onknown.
Whate'er I had of (kill or fame
My countrymen alone (hould claim;
And yoo, ye Corii, brave and fret.
Ye ions of arms and liberty !
Yoor fame (honid raife my willing voice,
ToBT prBdca( &rci^]four beardlelii bojs^

I» O B t It t. |i|

^oor monks who honour's inflaence feel ;
And change their hoOds for caps of fteel;
Bat now my once poetic rsge
Confomes nnd langoiihes in a^:
The mafe who once my lays infpir*d.
In yooth appearM, with youth retir'd|
Yet ftill» my country's love remains^
And triumphs in my aged veins ;
My thoughts from long experience rife^
I've prov'd whatever I advife:
Thro' diftant nations as I ftray^d
Both kings and peoples tafte I we'r;h'd|
Attend I and freedom , (long purfu'd
In hofttle plains and feas of blood)
Shall pleas'd vouchfafe a chearing fmile^
And dwell for ever on our ifle«
In me combined with rev'rence viavi^
A poet and a prophet too;
And tho' my numoers yon defpife.
Revere the gods who bid them rifel
Still undifturb'd ihall Gallia pour
Her hoftile legions on our ihore ;
Our ifle her native worth defends:
On that her pow'r, her ftate depends;
Prop'd by her hero*s matchlefs fame.
And honoured with a kingdom's name,
Still may that name its force maintain.
And treafon ply her fchemes in vain,
Bot fince our king feeks lands unknown^
And you're in doubt to fill his throne.
And (lead of him, won'd chufe a new^
As worthy Corfica and vou,
A prince (hall rife, in iolema. ftate.
If not as afkive full as gfea^ji^
(Let my inilrudions but uke place)
An offspring of an ancient race,
free all his days from loofe delights:
And challe and fober all his nights:
From foreign conquefts ftill averfe.
And careful of the public purfe.
Our peace his views (hall ne'er embro3^
jContented in his native foil ;
His hands from all corruption pure
Your gold (if you have gold) lecnre:
His breach of faith (hall ne'er furpriff
His cheated fubjedls, or allies.
For kings, (lill pra^is'd to betray,
(Forgive, ye thron'd ones, what ) Giyl

ANNITAL REGISTER, 1770.

Kiogs bave I known for ftate intrigoes^

Forget their oath5 and break tbro'leagaesi

A fairer prince than bim I mean.

For fliape and lioibs, was never (ten.

If our Alcimedon bot know.

With cautious art Co form him (b;

Nor does his fkill to his fubmit.

Of whom the Mantuan poet writ :

Alcimedon, whofe (kill could teach

1*0 mock ev'n life, the fculpturM beech.

In bowls, for which the fwains contendedj

Bv thee, O matchlefs bard, commended.

When firft this monarch (hall appear.

Salute his reign with joy fiocere,

A wooden king! the crowds (hall cry,

A wooden king! the groves reply.

Nor (hall he (heav'n forbid he Ihoa'd !)

Be form'd of coarfe— and common wood^

Some timber mocks the 'artful tool.

Too hard to carve, not fit to rule*

Unnomber'd oaks adorn our land.

And dill in fafety let them ftand ;

In fullen ftate refill the ilorm.

But never bear a monarch's form!

Ne'er (hall my int'reft firive to bring

A tattling Dodonaean king

At pleafure to deftroy ana kill

By only faying, 'tis my will!

Oft too, the lacred forefl-maids

In filence dwell beneath their ihades.

And when the tree receives a iiroke.

With various ills revenge their oak*

Nor durfl we do fo 0im a thing,

T'afFront the gods— tol* cut a king!

But moil beware to form his grace

Of that alluring gliitering race:

Of which an cak» in days of old,

Stretch'd out a branch of blooming gold ;

From good uEneas, as befell,

A token to the god of hell 2

One of this race would ilill incline.

Bright, like his anccllcr, to fhine;

Unexfy till his a^ls unfold,

His ample branches with your gold.

Of this the Germans, France and Spaio^

Opprcft, and helplefs too complain :

And now, ye mufes, left I feem.

To dwell too long upon my theme.

Wbi

POETRY, aij

Whatfvcr fkill ye have, bellow ic
Both on the carpenter and poet I
Dired indalgently the tool
To form a king io peace to role,
A king who much belov'd (hall be,
Obey'd by all, and fung by me!
About it, (kilful artifl, leize
The pond'roni axe and hew the trees!
But hrfl adore witb fuppliant prayer
The gods who oft inhabit xhere.
Of oaks and elms, and all the reft
Of various timber^ box is bed :
Box ! pliant wood, is tarn'd with eafe.
Alike is formM for war, or peace ;
In box the royal form difplay.
And him let Cor.fica obey !
Then heav'nly peace, and arts (hall fmile,
Hrahh, honour, riches blefs the ifle I
The Fauns fecure, their haunts retain,
'Fhe fields (hAl wave with rip'ning graio^
The Tailor fafely crofs the feas.
And b^rds grow old in learned eafe.
For motives too, of nature Hrong,
This kin;gdom (hould to box belong:
Box ! which fcr ages long has flood.
By all allowM a regal wood !
Carv'd out in box, our moderns Hand,
The work of fome ingenious hand.
Secure (ball box enjoy its fame.
Nor even malice wounds its name !
While patient gameQers leifure give
To chefs, or Vida's poems live;
Where facred walls the nations raife.
Around whofe altars diamonds blazr ;
The maid to whom the name is given.
Of ftar of earth, or queen of heaven.
In box carv*d out, is placM on high.
And view'd with reverential eye :
Oh let not then my native land.
While thus ador'd, her form (hail (land.
Another kind of wood prefer.
To that which bears the name of her !
To prize ev'n angels more were wrong.
Such honour does to box belong:
But when the native ^oodi it leaves.
And roval form the trunk receives:
When Hrav'n iifcif approves the choice.
And crowds lilt up th* afl^nting voice:

P 3 Tk««

Then will we bring oor monarch hornet

And place him in a marble dome:

A throne and fceptre we'll prepare^

Form'd by Alcimedon with care»

Cut from the individaal tree

From whence he bew'd hit majefty.

^18 front with laurel wreaths we'll bind |

A parple robe (hall trail behind,

The bay^ or ivy» roond hit head.

Shall their verdant foliage fpread :

For thus» as hiftory allowf.

The brave and witty bind their browtf

And fare they'll not improper be.

To crown a prince fo fage as he :

So (ball he ftand, oar ifland's wonder.

Secure from fadion, flames, and thander f

And. now a proper number chufe,
V^ho bend to public good their views:
To thefe the gen'ral power commir.
The fov'reign judges let them fie;
The temples, cities, laws, procecV,
And war or peace, at will diretl :
To envoys fpe'ak whate'er they pleafe.
And combat with the Genoefe;
Let this prefide in ev'ry canfe,

?efend, and execute the laws ;
o thefe the gen'ral weight convoy.
Of civil, and of martial fway.

But, when to make offenders trembTe^
In public coancil you aifemble;
Bring out your wooden king, and place
Pn throne fablime, his filent grace :
Beneath his name, to make decrees.
And make him fay juft what you p]ea(e»
Wife Venice thus difcreetly rules.
Her dukes are neceflary tools
Of wood, or wooden-like they reign ;
The fenators the laws explain :'
Decree, refolve, relinquilh, claim.
Their princes do but lend a name,
^nd yet in royal domes they dwell,
Ag^inf^ their peace no crowds rebel i
In pompous robes adorh'd appear.
And wed the ocean tvcry year ;
And while to other's ikill they trull.
Are neither tyrants nor unjufl.
Their fubje^s a^ive, rich, and wife.
Could even papal wraih defpife ; '

7

POETRY. 915

tat far my coontrymen from hence*

Be ftill removM, a mantal prince ;

For kings who arm in time of peace*

Can only mean their realmt to fleece:

With force to ratify their will*

Heaven keep from us fo great an ill !

Our monarch known « his country*! friend.

One heaoteoufi nymph (hall dill attend.

And flill to her employment jaft.

With care to bruQi him clean from doft j

That neither worms may breed within,

}^or fpiders weave beneath his <hin»

A naiad, let the damfel bt.

For none can be fo fit as ihe ;

And while the mofes (*tis my due.

For coanfels ufefal thus to you)

To diftant times tranfroit my name.

Oh ! nymph, to you an equal fame I

Who to this office doll fucceed.

Shall be, and juflly too, decreed I

Forgive your genVal and your poet.

If my advice (fioce good I know it.

With prov*d fucced and truth icplete)

Again with freedom I repeat :

For whether 'tis an idle tale.

Or that my own conceits prevailj

Or that the mufe is better able

To give her fandion in a fable :

But in my mind a wooden king

Will freedom, peace, and plenty brings

And future bards, whofe wit (hall pratfe

His fober nights, and harmlefs days.

Hit chaftity, his temper even.

Shall ftill this prince, diH<v'dffm Hmv'm ;

His gentle fway and mild command.

That title joftly may demand.

What blocks are regifterM by fame.

When hononr'd with a royal name ?

As rough as oak, as dell as clods.

Yet caU'd the ofiFsprin^ of the fod$ :

Phaedrus, to prove the worth of logs.

Shall tell the fable of the Progs.

The Frogs to heav'n their prayers addrelU
A king— great thund'rer we reqoeft!
A king who knows our tafte and genias^
To fettle all difjpates between us.
If Bees I fmall infers 1 dare to da^
The honoar of a royal name ;

P 4 6v

ANNUAL REGISTER, 177*

Say why Qiould Frogi, great Jove, remaiBt

Bef^eching for a Viug m vain ?

From PiiGsbus* felf our birch we trace.

The friend, the author of oar race.

The charms of voice to us belongs

From us was namM the comic foog.

A poet coo of Greece, they fay^

Made us a chorus in his play :

Not is*t on voice oar fame depends^

Our valour Homer's felf commends.

They fpoke, and foon their mighty boaft

To laughter mov'd the heav'niy hoft ;

Great Jove him felf could not forbear.

Yet fmiPd compliance to their prayer*

Not long cooiidering he flood.

But threw them down a log of wood :

Soufe, it plung'd down-^away they fcudt

And croak and tremble in their mud.

The water dalhM a murm'riog found.

The waves unufnal preflure found :

But foon the log in peace repos'd.

Around its fides the waters closM ;

The Frogs their panic fears recover.

The furface fmoothM» and all was over.

Phifignathus, a chief, his head

Firft rais'd above the Aream, and faid,

*' Approach, my friends, your monarch view!

I know his kind, and where he grew."

Fixt in amazement, long they tlood.

Then grinn'd, and fcorn'd the royal wood I

iump on him, and t' increafe their crime,
edaub his (ides with dirt and (lime.
Again the gods the frogs addrcfsM :
Again their worth and parts expreis'd ;
And begg'd them to regard their merit.
And fend them foon a king ot fpirit.
Jove \^ith contemptuous anger view'd
How ciofe dcflrudioD they purfu'd :
" The prince," he cryM, '• you merit, takcl**
He fpoke, and hurl'd them dowp a fnake.
Ar und the lake the monfler flray'd^
And dreadful devaflation made.
On mothers, fathers, fon9, he fed :
This lo(l a limb, and that a head.
0*er all alike he lbe:ch*d his way.
And made wbole multitudes his prey I
In vain they leapt about the b' g,
And wiQi'd in vato, their old king Lc^*

POETRY. ai7

Their prav'rs they made, but Jove no more
Comp y''J, indulj;ent ns bifofi- ;
With fml'cs their misery lie furvey'd,
And to their vcws this anlwcr made:
•* Ye wretches! to your intereii blind^
Ungrateful, faiihlef5, like mankind :
You view'd with fcorn a peaceful throne^
Beneath a tyrant learn to groan !"

TJbe POET amd STRAW.

jf Fable.

ON RUhmonJ Hill with doublet bare
A hungrv poet takes the air:
1 he air on Richmond Hill* tho* good^
And excellent Camelion food,
1$ rather of too thin a nature
For a beef-loving, two-legg*d creatare:
Our poet flops, he looks around,
And murmurs thus in doleful found :

•* While plenty o'er the landfcape reigns,
*' Shall Bards alone feel meagre pains?
*' Ah, what avails, \\ in the Town

My madrigals acquir*d renown ;

If ftrjnger to all-powVful coin
*' I fe>dom talle the rich firloin ;

If for the produce of my hrnin,

I meet from money *d fools diidain ; ■ ■
*' Jn vain the laurel crowns my brows;
*• What crowns my pocket?— —Not one fonfe:
•* Of bay or laurel, where the ufe is? '
" Nor bay or laurel fruit produces:
" l*ve fame purfuM, and now I've caught her,
•• SHe proves— —mere moon-ihine in the water;
*' Hf^w happier the unlettei'd glutton,
** Who can indulge on beef and mutton:
." How curd each fervant of the nine !
•« I'd rather be a fool and dine."

He ftid, and to his great furprize
Beneath hit feet a Straw replies :

Ah, baplefs Bard, look down and fee

Thy ttriking emblem here in me;

Dcfpis'd by thofe, to whom my head

Furnifh'd the ftaffof living ■■ bread:

That gain'd, behold me here caA down.

Trod on by ^^*iy fordid clown :

J II ft fo liie bard, who from bis brain

iiie hungry wind can cnieitaia,

«• Ii

M> ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770,

«* I» fcoQ Bcgleded (ltd fbrrat,

•* A barm prtife his faipler* lot t

•* To fine beconci an empty buUite,

** Tnd on bj fools like Anw or Hobble.'*

Th TWO KINGS.
J Fable.

CRoffing l\t livei Sijx, with Oioali
Of new depined motiey louU,
Old C^MTM look'd confoandtd black.
I^tt with the load bit boat itiould crack t
'Hm' fcinlt, at fooli, are lifrhtfoDie freight,
Tieir fini ofi prove a deidly weight,
^ Jhtd fiioit'd thrir Aoating carriage fail 'em,
I4«t «ii'» cork jacket* would avail 'em :
Hn boat chuck-full,— ^fuch fcreamiog roft
FmB nttrfr*, milF-s, ladie*, beaas.
That CiariM rais'd hii voice and fivore,
^Sb'tf *cho anfwer'd from the Ihore,
•■ If they continu'J their damn'd trirkii
•• He'd foafe 'em every one in St^x,"
And a&'d 'em with a face mofl grim,
l(tfae]t had ever learnt 10 fwim :
1« Ihori he foon becalm *d ihe riot.
And made *em lolerabljr (jbIci;
He ttimm'J hii boat, and with a fiown,
Dacio'd 'cm, and made 'em all fit dowo.

Older obfcrv'd in fome degree,
A ^hoft of high poaipofitj.
With conrlly air and fcornful look
Th44 10 hi) brother fhadow) ffolce :
■■ Hence, reptile), hence — yonr diftance kiow-^k
*■ Due homage to a monarch thew ;
** Shall one of my illuftrioui birth,
•• A king, — la deiiy on earth,
" Be crowded thus with the CanaiHt,
" Fellows who Aink of beef and aie t
•• Yoif, Cbarf-,, with that dirty face.
•• Depend cn't you (hall lufe yojr place ;
•• My brother f.ivereign Phirv foon
•• Shall make yo.u fmerl for what you've done;
" Rcpliirs, avaon:— — at diSance tend ;
at Y"ur rouch, looks, mannefi, all oliend,"

0!d Cbatvm gtumbling in hit maw,
Qamn'd him, and bid him iait/ hisjtttv ; ■
Wbiid ooe, who, tiving.^-^lVoin ibe Ai^*
^MA cftcn MMruun'd ihc age.

IP 0 E T H T. ttij>

With whim drvmnic in his face.

Pit ft bowipg, thos iddrefs'd his Gract ;— i-*

** All hail— great king, great monarch* hail !

** Frown not, I'm not of the CanaiUt ;

•' In me your brother Brtmferd ?icw,

*' I've been a king as well as yon ;

" Like yon have worn a pageant crows »

** And aw'd the millions with a frown;

*' Like you too* brother Pkix, refign'd,

** And left my pageant crown behind :

^' But now, good Sir, be not offended—*

*' The curtain dropc, the farce is ended :

^* Tho' fonune for the ftage equrpt us,

*' Our wardrobe keeper. Death, has llript as«

" And the rich robes on earth pofllrft,

** Lie folded in the grave at reft ;

** Maugre the rank we living bore,

^' Like thefe we're (badows now-- .no more }

<* All, brothers all— —at leaft in this,

«« We're but Ptrfona Dramatis ;

" Like them we're bound to Critic-hall,

'< By critic rules to rife or fall ;

** Where kings, lords, beggars, all muft (land*

** And ttndillinguiih'd hold the hand,

«' While critic Minos and his Jury

•* ('Tis true, good brother, I aiTure ye)

'< Will hifs or clap, juft as they find

** We've pfay'd the chara6lers aflign'd;

*' Where birth and rank pafs unregarded,

^* And merit only is rewarded."

He fpokei ,. .the monarch, fighing, fwore,
** He never heard fuch truths before."

0« 0*1- Mod BEN COMEDIES.

OUah/pean and Johnfiu^ with the learned corps

Of poets, mucA admir'd in days of yore,
From nature drew their charaAers like fools;
Our modern play.wrights follow wifer rules :
?i£tures from life they.fcorn to let you fee ;
Not nature— but what nature 9ugbt to be;
Your low-Iiv'd humour, wit, and fuck poor ftnff*.
In times of ienorance did well enough ;»■
In this rtfin*!^ this novel-reading age.
They've banifli'd all fuch nonfenfe from the ftage ;
No wonder play-wrights fwarm in thefe bled days^
Serm^im they find^ are eaiier madg than Plaif.

uo ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

BACCHUS; ly tit Uu D»air Parndl. TUt Pmmui
Mr. Pope'i £diih».

AS Bacchoi ranging at hit Irifure,
(Jotly Baccbas ting of pinrure I)
Charai'd ibe wide world with drink sod daatci.
And all his thoofiDd airy fanlriei,
AImI he quite forgot the while
Hii fav'rite vines in Letbot ifle.

The God, reEnrning ere tb^jr iy'i,
Ahl fee ay jolly Faum be cry'd,
Tbe leavM but hardly born are red.
And the bare annt of pity fpreadi
Tbe beaft* afford a rich naiiure;
Fly. Biy boyi, to bring tbe eure;
Up the mouiirain), oVr the tralet.
Thro* tbe wood*, and down the dalei j
For thit, if fall ibe clatter grow,
Your bowls Ihalt doobly overflow.

So chrar'd, with more officioua hade
They bring the dang of evfry beafl ;
The load) they wheel, tbe rooii they bare.
They lay the rich nannre with care ;
White oft be calli to Uboar hard.
And nimei ai oft the red reward.

The plants refrefh'd, new leaves appear.
The thick'ning clullrrt load the yeari
Tbe frafon fwifily porpte grew.
The graprs hung dangling deep with bloe.

A vineyard ripe, a day ferene
Now calli then all to work again.
Tbe Faans thro' ev'ry furrow Ihoot
To load their flaflceis with the frait ;
And now the vintage early irod.
The wines invite the jovial God.

Strow the rorei, raile the fong.
See the malt'-r comei along;
Lody Revel join'd wiih Laughter,
Whim and Frolic follow after:
Tbe Fauns aiide the vati remain
To Ihow the work, and rrap the gain.

All around, and all around
They fit to riot on ihe grourd ;
A vcfTtl Hands amidO the ring, -
And hfre they laugh, and there they Ing;
Or life ■ jojiy jolly hand.
And dance abnot it hand in hand;
pince aboni, aid (bout amain.
Then fit to iaugb and Gng agaia.

P O E T k T.

Thoi thej driolt, and thus the^ p1a/
The Tun, lod til their win away.

Bot «i^B ■ncient Author fnng,
Tbe vine maanr'd with tverj duogi
Fronw'rf creature draa^cl]' drew
A twanf or brutal nature too;
'Tint hence in drinkiDg oa the Uwu
New taraaof humaur feia'd the Fannt.

Here one wai crjring ont by Jorc !
Another, fighi ne in the grove ;
Thti wouadj ■ friend, and that the tieei f
Tbe lion'* temper reign'd in there.

Another grint, and leap* abont.
And keepi a merrjr world of ront.
And talka impertinently fre^
And twenty talk) the fane a* he:
Chiit'ring, idle, airj, kind:
Tbefe take the mookey'i turn of mlDd.

Here one, that fiw the Nymphi whicli floodi
To peep upon tbem from the wood,
Sceali off to try if any maid '

Be lagsioK Uie beoeaih the Ihade :
While loc?e difcourfe another raifei
In naked naiare't plaioefl phrafet,
Aad every glafi he drinki enjoyj.
With change of nonfenfc, lult and noife;
Mad and carelef*, hot and vain :
Such aa thefe the goit retain.

Another drinki and rafta it op, t
And drinki, and wants another cupt
Solemn, iileot, aad fedate.
Ever long, and ever late.
Full of meat), and full of wine:
Thii lakei hit temper from the fwine.

Here fome who hardly feem to breathe.
Drink, and hang thejiw beneath.^
Gapitig, tender, apt to weep :
Thc'r namre') alter'd bjr tbe (heep.

*Twat ibui one autumn all ibe crew
(If what tbe Poeta fay be true)
While Bacchut mtdc tbe merry feaft,
Inclin'd to one, or other beaft :
And fince, 'ti) faid, for many a mile
He Ipread the vioet of Lefbss iJle.

999 ANNUAL REGISTERw77«

Th BEGGAR^

-iinfemfai ftthrm

Et Larii, it FmuU ■ Hor«

T) I T y tbe forrowf of a poor old nan I

J^ Whofe trembliBff limbt have borne him to joar iM^

Whofc days are dwindled to the ihorteft fpan ;

Oh ! give relief^aod Heav'n will blefs yoor toe.

Thefe utcerM cloitbt my poverty befpeak,
Thefe hoary locks proclaim my lengthened yean ;
And mtny a farrow in my grief-worn cheek»
Hat been tbe channel to a Bream of tears.

Yon houfe, titSit^ on the rifing ground.
With tempting afped drew me from my road^
For plenty there a refidence has fonnd«
And grandeur a magnificent abode.

(Hard is the fate of the infirm and poor !)
Wtrt criving for a morfel of their bre aid,
A pamper'd menial forced me from the door^
To feek a (belter in an h ambler (bed.

Oh ! take me to your hofpitable dome.
Keen blows the wind, and piercing is the cold I
Short is my pafTage to the friendly tomb.
For I am poor and miferably old.

Should I reveal the fource of every grief.
If foft humanity e'er touch'd your bread.
Your hands would not withhold the kind relief^
i^nd tears of pity could not be repreft.

Heav*n fends misfortunes— whv (hoold we repioe?
'Tis Heav'n has brought me to the ftate yon fee;
And your condition may be foon like mine,
•—The child of forrow— and of mifery*

A little farm was my paternal lot ;
Then like the Lark I fprightly hail'd the morn |
But ah ! opprelTion forc'd me from my cot.
My cattle dy'd, and blighted was my com.

My daughter-— once the comfort of my agef
Lur'd by a villain from her native home.
Is cad abandoned on the world's wide flage.
And doom'd in fcanty poverty to roam.

My trnder wife— fweet foother of my care !
Struck with fad angoifh at the ftern decree.
Fell — ling'ring fell a virtim to defpair.
And left the world to wretchednefs and me,

Piiy the forrows of a poor old man !
Whofe trembling limbs have borne iim to your door,
Whofe days are dwindled to the (horteft fpan ;
Oh t give reliof— and Heav'n will blefs yoar ftoia.

P O E T ft T. s«3

TranfiMtd if Dr. Fnuklio.

IN PInlo'a ditk abodei. the fifteri three,
Wbo wesre too faft the threads of delimit
Ai 'loDg the Styx they took th«ir ev'aiiiff wallc.
Had ofna beard the wind'ring fpiriii tallc
Of Prufi4'i gillant Jred), the lewi be made.
The wvi he fought, the virtue* he difplay'tU
At thnt they irac'd ihe hero fton hii oirih.
They took h!m for the oldeft Iciog on earth i
And u his nond'rout afti they cotiatrd o'er,
Inftead of forty, wrots him dowa fborfcore.
Then Airopoi, to Icings ■ hateful aamc,
Difpatch'd by gloomy Dis, to Berlin cimef
Her fatal (hear* prepar'd, expefling there
To End a poor otd man, with Over hair.
And wrinkled forehead :^Great wu her furpriuh
To Tee hit aubura locki, and fparlcling cycsi
To lee him wield the fword, to hear bin p\ij
On the foft Bute, hii jovhl roundelay.
She cali'd to mind how once Alcidcs great.
And fmooth-tongu'd Orpheus, brav'd the powtr of bitT
Sh« trembled when the faw, in I'ruQia jnin'd.
The »oice of Orpheus, with Alcijci* mind)
AiTfighted, threw her fatal niean aCde,
And home returning, to her fillers cry'd,
For Pruflia weave a new and golden thread,
Lafting as that for goJ-like Lswis made.
In the fame caufe did both the heroes fi^ht ;
*Gato(t the fame foes with ecjual zeal unite.
Both gain'd by wond'rous aiU immortal fame ;
The fame their valour, and their end the famej
And both hereafter Ihall — but foft; the mule
No longer the unequal taOc purruei]
Two living monarchi aptly to defign,
Iteqaires an abler pen, and ftronger pow'n than mia&

^ttb* MarfMlt it Villitte; f-j the /a>ii*.

HOW few are ihofe who leach while thry deli^ihtl
How few, like thee, who think ai well aa wtite£
Jut reafbo with the filler graces jain'd.
To give thee perFeft empire o'er the mind;
Thu> with his lyre Apollo wini our hearts.
And kills the feVpent Pyiho with hit dart;.
*Tis ihe fame great, the fine aiUpow'rful god.
Who quells the favage moniters of the wood.
As he whofe aftivc and enliv'ning ray.
Civei warmth to nature, and lights up the day.
Bit more a god he is. when to the charms
Of love he yields, ud fpatis in Daphne's armi.

9H^ ANNUAL ILEGISTER^ 1770;

ODE far Us Majbstt*! Birtb-daTj June 4, 1770.

M^riiiiM iy William Whitehead, E/f ; Pm Lamnat, ^mifit f Mufieh
Dr. Boyce» Mafter rf tbi King^i Bamd^f MuficUus.

DISCORD hence! the torch refign—
Harmony (hall role to-day.
Whatever thy bufy fiends defign
Of futare ills, in cruel play
To torture or alarm mankind.

Lead the infidious train away.
Some blacker hours for mifchief find^
Harmony ihall rule co-day.

Diftingaiih'd from the vulgar year.

And mark'd with heaven's peculiar white.
This day (hall grace the rolling fphere.
And lingering end its bright career.

Unwilling to be loft in night,

Difcord lead thy fiends away.

Harmony (hall rule to day.

It there, intent on Bu tain's good.

Some angel hovering in the (ky,
Whofe ample view furveys her circling flood^

Her guardian rocks that (bine on high.

Her forefts, waving to the gales.

Her dreams, that glide through fertile vales.

Her lo«ing paftures, fleecy downs.

Towering cities, bufy towns.
Is there who views them all with joy ferene.
And breathes a bleiiing on the various fcene ?

O if there is, to him 'tis given,
(When daring crimes almoll demand
The vengeance of the Thunderer's hand,)
To foften, or avert the wrath of Heaven.
O'er Ocean's face do tempcfts fweep.
Do civil llorms blow loud.
He Hills the raging of the deep.
And madnefs of the crowd.

He too, when Heaven vouchfafes to fmile
Propitious on his favourite Ifle,
With zeal performs the talk he loves.
And every gracious buon improves.

Bled Delegate, if now there lies
Aipeoing in yonder pregnant ikiet

Sofl

t O E T k if , ftaj

borne great event of more tban coromOD good.
Though envy howt with ill her broodj

Thy wanted power emplojr,
Ufher the mijthiy mamenti in
Sacred to hatmony and joy^
And from thi* zra let their centre begin !

ODE M til Majeitt'j Bi k-tk-dati
f mW /« ii luritlin hj a vtrj grtat LaJj ta tht ^b if taft jnnft

t

WHEN tnonarch) give « grace to fate«
And rife at priocei (hou'd.
Left highly born than truly great.
Left dignify'd than good.

What joy the natal day can bring

From wbence Our hopei begaoi
Which gave a nation Tuch a Ungi

And being fnch a man !
IH.
The facrtd fource of endlefi pow'r

Delighted Teci him born.
And kindly miilc) the circling hour

That Tpoke him into morn.
IV.
Beholdi bim with the kindelt eye

Which goodnefg can bellow ;
And (hew« a brighter crown on bigb^

Than e'er he wore below,

jf J/rrMu»«/'Saragoa Puirj,frem AubalGdal Annales Moflemic!,-^
On a Cat iil.'tJ in a DfO*-hei/i.

SWEET pofti whom ai a child I lov'd;
And ai a child now mourn \
From hgme, ungraiefal, haft ihoa rov'd^
Ah, never to return I

ir.

Kor doubt) yoD Teli, lior feari eaprer^M/
Though creeping to your fate j

While on my tond prefjging breaft
Unbidden bvdingi face.

fl4« ANNUAL REGISTER, 177OJ

III.

Into the dove-cot foft and flow

Yoa (leal yoar cftutioas way ;
Bot once an entrance found » not fo

YoQ feize your flattering prey.

IV.
But in thy fteps fwift vengeance treadi.

And winds thee in her fnare:
The hunter, where the toils he fpreads^

Himfclf (hould perifli there.

V^
The tender dove with corious fcent^

Say 9 wherefore yoa purfu'd ;
Nor reftcd, wretched pu fs. content

With mice thy proper food—?

VI.
That ever food, of life the fpring>

Should be of life the bane !
Curft be fuch dainty feafts as bring

Ddfiru^tioa in their train.

rhi HORSE and the OLIVE.
JBj the late Archdeacon Parnell. tut jet prhted tm his Wgrh*

WITH moral tafte let antient wifdom move,
Whilft thus I fing to make the modemi wife :
Strong Neptune once with fage Minerva ftrove.
And rifing Athens was the viflors prize.

By Neptune, Plutus (guardian pow'r of gain)^

By great Minerva, bright Apollo flood ;
But Jove fuperior bade the fide .obtain.

Which bell contriv'd to do the nation good.

Then Neptune ilriking, from the parted ground
The warlike horfe came pawing on the plainj

And as it toft its mane, and pranc'd around.
By this he cries. Til make the people reign.

The Goddefs, fmiling, gently bow'd her fpear.
And rather thus they (hall be blefsM, (he faid :

Then upwards (hooting in the vernal air.
With loaded boughs the fruitful Olive fpread.

Jove faw what gift the rural powers de(ign*d.
And took th' impartial fcales, refolv'd to (how«

If greater blifs in warlike pomp we find.
Or in the calm which pcaceiul times bcAow*

P O E t R r.

oil Neptune's put he plic'd viAorioai dajrt.
Gay irOf>hie> won, and fane Mtending wldei

fiat plenty, Aretyt fciencr, aru, and eafe,

Minerra't fcale with greater weight fnpply'd.

Fierce war deronn whoa gen lie peace would favej
Sweet peace reftorei what angry wardellroyt;

War made for peace, with that rewardi the brave^
Wlijle peace it's pleafuie* from itfelf enjoy i.

Hence vanqutdi'dNrptane to the fea withdrew*
Henc« wife Minerva ral'd Aiheoian hndi;

Her Aiheti) hence in art) and hon^un grew, .
And (li'll her Olives decic pacific faandi.

From fables thus difclos'd, a monareVs mind
May form juft rules to cbafe the truly gfeati

And fubjeAs weary*d with diftrefles find,

Whofe kind endeavours moft befriend the Aate>

£*eQ Britain here may leant to place her love.
If cities won, her kingdom's wealth have coft ;

If Anna's ihooghcs (he patriot fouls approve,

Whofd cares reftore that wealth the wars had loS.

Bat if we alk, the moral to difclofe.

Whom her be(^ paironefi Europa calls.

Great Anna's title no exception kiMws.
And onapply'd in this the fabic falla.

Wi'.h her nor Neptuae or Minerva vies [

Whene'er (he pleas'd, her iroops lo conqneft flew:

Whene'er Oie pleafes, peaceful times arife:
She gave the Horfe, and gives the Olive too.

Oh lbnn»iMg iy a» aid hUtk C»mt.

OLD friend, farewell— •wkh whom fall naoy a day.
In varied mirth and grief, htih loli'd away.
No more thy forni retains its fable dye.
But, like giey beauty, palls upon the ejfri—
That form which fhone fo late in fsOiioo'i bloom!
How fallen !— ^re while the glory of tbe looml
Late, wrapt fecure within thy woolkn folds,
I brav'd ifie fiimmer rains, and winter cotdt.
Fearlefs of coughs, catarrhs, which Eurus brings
Or dark November, on his noifome wingi,
Whillling a tune, like Cymon in the fong.
Through filthy Orecu and lanes I've trudg'd aloagi

S27

d2S ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770;

Nor heeded aught the Hackney Coachman*! criet.

Though coach yur hoHcur founded to the (kies:

And fiiall I then forget thy brighter hue.

Sell thfe a (lave to yondrr hoarfe-moothM Jew ?

Forbid it gratitudr— ^forbid it (hame— -

That were a derd would blacken Clodio*9 name.

Thou poor old man« whofe brow is ftreak'd with care.

Stretch 'd on the clay-cold earthy thy bofom bare.

Had T but half that Clodio*s ihining flore»

Thy breaft flioald heave with mi(ery no more :

Yet take the fcanty pittance I beftow.

This coat fliall (hield thee from the drifdng fnow.

But ere we part— indulge the moral !ay»
Hear it, ye fools , who flutter life away :
Vain are the rich man*8 toils^ the proud man's brags^
Men turn to dnft— and broad cloth turns to rags.

«# EXPOSTULATION. To Dili a» fy Lord (k

I.

FO R ever, O ! mercilefs fair.
Will that cruel indifference endure ^
Can thofe eyes look me into defpair,
And that heart be unwilling to cure i

If I love, will you doom me to die.

Or, if I adore yon, upbraid ?
Can that breaft the leaft pity deny

To the wretch which your beauty has mide I

III.
How oft what I felt to difguiie

Has my ;eafbn imperioufly flrove.
Till my loul almoft tell from my eytt^

In the tears of the tendereft love I

IV.
Till renderM unable to flow.

By the torture's excefs which I boce*
That nature funk under the woe.

Or only recovered to more.

V.
Then Delia determine my fiite.

Nor let me to madnefs be drove ^
Bur, O ! do not tell me yon hate.

If you even refolve not to love.

POETRY. £29

T-A/ F E " : " J?- i-i/. IVI A r, r S.

I.

Ol CfaTe to mcIlt^, unhapoy yoQtIi,
Ur Uiinfc t'lishnfom hiri:
My teitj, lUi '. muft o*n jcuv Uuth,
And vilb it cout I reward.
IL
Tb' extefi of ni"bi ii» wot,

Tiiis torlor'.i br- i eodurP',
Too jptII, «Ui ! T.-it make me know.
The pun tha; dwells in yoari.
III.
Condemn'd like ^c V> .vcep in taid,

I, feek the ia:ke{t frrove,
Aod tocdly beir the Ihatpeft pun
Of DCver-hopiog love.

IV.
My wafted day, ]d endleG fight.

No found of tcmrort hears,
And morn but brc.^ let on Delia's eye*
To wake her into tearf,
V.
If fleep fliould lend her fficndljr aid.

In fancy I complain.
And hear fome fad, lame mecched said.
Or Ice fome petjur'd fwaio.
VI.
Then ceafe ihy fuit, fbad yoatb, O ceate.

Or blame the faEcg ifoae;
For how can I refloie four peace.
Who quite have loA mjr own t

^PRAYER /f INDIFFERENCE. ^U-t,G— *
feuaJ la Richmond Gardeo.

OFT I've intplor'd thegodttn Titm,
And pray'd till I've been weary ;
For once I'll flrive my wi(h (o gain.

Of ObetoD, the fairy.
Sweei airy beiog, wanton fpiitc.

Who li»'rt in woods nnfeen,

/nd ofi by Cynthia'i filter light*

T'iFP'*' S'l'X "'^ ^c grtni ■

13* ANNUAL REGISTER, lyjq^

While floods of tears, and piteoot moto^

A genuine forrow teftify,
Sit^nty poor Hf^nry's feen alone^

No tear bedeivs poor Henry'i eye*

Homeward his Sophy's corpfe he tendi^

Frantic his Sophy he enfolds;
That friendly night his forrow ends.

One grave the new-wed lovers holds

We grafp at joys within ogr reach ;

We grafpy and catch a wa('ry bow :
LefTons like thefe fliould mankind teach.

True joy exiiU npc here below.

To FEAR.

OThoo, dread foe to honour, wealth and famc^
Whofe tongue can quell the flrong, the fierce caa taoet
Relentlefs Fear! ah! why did face ordain
My trembling heart to own thy iron reign ?
There are, thrice happy ! who difdain thy fway,
fThc merchant wand'ring o'er the wat'ry way ;
The chief fereue before th' afTiiuIted wall.
The climbing ftatefman though tlefs of his fall ;
i'^Il whom the lovp of wealth or pow'r infpires.
And all who born wiil^ proud Ambition's fires:
But peaceful bards thy conftant prefence know>
0 thoa of cv^ry glorious deed the foe !
Of thee the filent (ludious race complaint.
And Learning groans a captive in thy chains.
The fccret wifli when fome fair object moves^
And cautious Re:i(bn what we wifli approves.
Thy gorgon front forbids to grafp the prize.
And feas are fpread betwixt; and mountains rife.
Thy magip arts a thoufand phantoms raife.
And fancy'd deaths and dangers fill our ways;
With fmiiing Hope you wage eternal llrife.
And envious fnatch the cup of j'>y from life.
O leave, tremendous pow'r ! tiiC blamelefs bread.
Of guilt alone the tyrant, and the tsuefl;
Go, and thy train of fable horrors fpread
Where Muulcr meditates the future deed.
Where R.ipiiio watches fcr the gloom of nighty
And lawlefs Pafilon p^nts for others right ;
Go to the bad, but from the good recede.
No more the ioc of evVy glorioui deed.

I

POETRY,

Xht tfcjaain tji i-p it.

iFoB^v

iht Pov

*/F*«.,

iuOVru.

f O W, hcjv'nf ! when Rome ii on GrCf
Cii I the mad SylU *Ata\'ti
n fince AlcxanJei b( praij'd,
^ha iviih fire ev'ry nation ba» blis'J ?
I I ell lliit I virtnout rige
C'i tan murJcrous vjlour tnfufe,
Vhicli Hi) crte;, no diilrcfj can alTuigr,
Vhich in ftcci in my bofom embrucs ?
Can I toike my mouih rpe<ilc 'gtinit my mind.
And fo'Cr ii to piaiJe all (be lavigc
Which it made by a heru, a favige
Who i> born for ibt gricTof minKIO'I.
Wh« borribTe pitlorei T f<e !
Ye conquerors. <Ic3f to pity,
Vowj hroktn, anrf piojffli conceiv'd.
And kings of ihcir kiiigdomi b^reav'J.
Ciiy waJIs >ll encotnpaf.'d by lire.
Men anJ Aanc% to the &icat Call a prey.
With blood nil the cunqu'roti prifpirc,
And death fweept ■ nation aw->^ i
Moihers, pale and dU£gur'd with bloeJ,
SnaiLh ibcir dlughloi from infamy'^ hulj,

s gr^/p that

of a r&idier thai'* bold,
inbaman and ta&e.

difpliy
■eur courage in full open day ;

V ynur heart! will (uAain Fortunc'i Udtivn

I j;I.irr like Phtxhu* bie^kt farih.

ftitiold t'uciune bcr foccour deny.

Bulk fallt Iram before ynur pile fjCCf
KbD fr<ni <bcn of but human race,
^4 ihe Jteio ii fled from ibc eye.

aj4 ANNUAL REGISTER, 17701

Tbi Pbtitiok 0/ tbi FooLi to Jvpitbr.

A FABLE.

(Supp^fid f hi wriitin h David Garnck, Efy. aJdreJid H th iml

0/Chefterfield.)

FROM Grecian JEsof, to oar Gat,
Each fabalift is pleased to Uy,
That JovB gives ear to all petitloos.
From animals of all conditions ;
Like earthly kings, he hears their wants,
^And like them too not always grants.

Some years ago— -the Fools aflembled.

Who long at Stanhope's wit had trembled^

And with repeated ftrokes grown fore,

Moft zealoufly did J ova implore.

That he would (hield them from that wit.

Which* pointed well* was fure to hit :

'Twas hardy they faid, to be thus baited.

That were not by themfelves created;

And if they were to folly prone.

The faulty they hop'd, was not their own.
Jove fmiPd, and faid— Not quite fo faft:

You were, indeed, made up in hafte ;

With little care I formM your brain.

But never made you pert and vain :

Stanhope himfelf woold be your friend.

Did you not drive my work to mend.

And wildly Graying from my rules.

Make yourfelves fops, whom I made fools :

But tell me how, for I am willing

To grant your wi(h, on this fide killing.

And (hield you for the time to come.—

*' Strike Che<(tbrpield, deaf, blind, and dumb***
** Firft, in his Ton^ue^ fuch terrors lie,
*• If that 18 ftopp'd he can't reply :
*' To llop hi^ tongue, and not his ears,
•• Will only mu.tiplv our fears ;
•* He'll anfsver both in profe and veffe,
** And ibey will prove a tailing curCe:
*' Then liop, O fire of gous and men,
•* That dill more dr<'adful tongue, his pen:
•* Spare not, ^oo^ Jovb, his lor J Clip's ^)^/,
«* We ne'e- (hail rell, if he can write."

Hold, hold — cries Jove, a moment ftay;

You know not fools, for what yon pray :

POETRY. 13S

Yoar Balta, IhootiDg in-tbe dvict
Hal dm'it the arrow o'er the mtric,
Dti-f. Jtmi, and i/<W, jre filly folk I
Ii all this raocour for a joke I
Shall I be pander to your hate.
And morialt teach to rail at fate t
To mend a little yoar candiiion.
And grant one tbirJ of yoar petidoBi
He fliall be Jea/, and you be free
From bii keeo, brilliant reparr^.
Which, like high-EemperM poliih'd fteel.
Will qaicker woood, than yoa can fet\ :
With fear, tvitfa weaknefi we comply.
But ftill what malice alki, deny :
How would AroLLO, Hikmi«, fvvear,
Sbonld I give ear to all your pray'r.
And blaft the mat, who from hi) birtk
Hat been their fav'rite care en earth t
What, tie hii tongue, and cloud bit fight.
That he na more may talk and write I
I can't indttlgc your tbolilh pride.
And pDnifh M the world befide,

Jn Anfuitr i* itt Nsm »f Lml Chefterfield,

^^ A R R I C K, I've read yonr FttP* ftHtump

\J And thank yon for the compofilioD t
Thon^h few will credit all yon fay,
Yel 'ni a friendly part yxju play ;
A part which you perform with eafe,
Whate'er yoa aA is fore to pleafe.

Bnt give roe leave, on this occafion.
To make one little obfervation :
Though no good reafon ii affign'd, ^

At leafi not aoy I can find, (

Why I Ihoald be Jia/, Jamb, or ili»d% J

Yet Gnce it was refolv'd above
By this fame fool-obeying Jovi,
I mud not fpedlc, or hrar, or fee, ^

Surely to foften the decree, C

He night have left the cbBiei to mt. )

Were th»t the cafe I would difpence, ~

With fight and wit, and eloquence.
Still to retain my fav'rite frnfe ;
For grant, tny friend, we Ibautd admit^
.What foine mtj doabt, that i hare wit |

\

aS^ ANNUAL RE GISTER, 1770.

What are the mighty pow'rs of fpeech^
What ufcful purpofe do they reach?
When vain and impotent you fee,
Ev'n down frv?m Socrates 10 me^
All the boHs mots that e'er were faid
To mend the heart or clear the head*
FpoU will be foolf, fay what we wii],
And rafcals will be rafcals flilf.

Bat rather 1 your cafe would be in.
Say you, than lofe the power of iceiog;
The face of nature will you fay
Is ever chearful» ever gay,
And beauty, parent of delighr,
Muft always charm the raviih'd iigbr.

This choice perhapa I plight commend |
Bttt here, you have fvirg^t, my friend.
That Nature's face, and Beauty's heav'n*
Lofe all their charms at (evec»ty-frvea ;
The brtghicft (ceqes repeated o'er.
As well you koow» will pleaie no more;
The profpeA's darkened o'er with age.
The Drama can no more engage,
W^* wi(h, with j«0, to quit the fi^ige.

In ihor, it is> a point I'm dear io,
'J'he bell of ffn{cs is, our hearing;
J^lappy who kceos it liilU ^od he
Who wants mnft mouro the lofs like mt-^
YoT though I little (hould regret
The tablets roar where fools are met.
The flatt'ring tribe v^hojisg cr/aj
Tifie lies or laitlc of the d^y ;,
$till have i caufe for diifcoixtenr.
Still lofe what moft I muft lameoi^
The nn^trft of a thajtn ftw^
^hc luxury ol'^btaring YOU.

J WISH #9 the NoETH. Bjml^^

O Liberty I bleft gift of Heav'n,
Why (iglis my bread for thee in vain ^
Alas ! by tyrants iiit thou'rt dciven^

Anii rirde conihaint ulu.rps ihy reign«
P were ihou mine ! no more con£n'd

To dcz: out life in one calm dream»
Yf Surry vaies I'd leave behind,
Aad ply ay baiL Qjx Hiu&bci'& fircalI^

\

P O E T R T, 037

Fair tlretm t tnnrportcd inon'd I view

Thy froitral valliei, blooming grovet ;
Thfre woi^ld my raviOiM mind purfiie,

Suchfccr.ei XI coniempjation l3»«,
Thv fun pCuouidwclltngj. flatcly pilrs|

Thy w«aKhy, ample, wide domaini,
Whrre Amiliheis' boonlj (milei.

And fwellt the Iribate of thy plaini.
Or if to pealive thoaght incliri'd,

I'd re»d thy rnonrnful annils o'er,
And view the time wheo wan combin'd.

To chife ttiofe blefling* from thy (hore.
WtieD thorny rofes ting'd with blood,

Rait'd fierce commotioii through the Undr
And viftory fufpended ftood.

And wav'd the Uuret in her hand,
lll-f^ted Henry ! then I'd mourn

The Sormy tempeil of thy reiga !
Thy weeping confbrt left forlorn.

Thy fon too, nnmbcr'd with the llain !
A teirlhould blot the guilty psgr.

Where RatUnd din in early bloom,
Feli'd by the hand of favage rage.

And doom'd by flaoghcer to the tomb.
And when from hifl'ry'i tragic ftore*

I lurn'd, to vi«w thefe horrori ceafe,
I'd blef* the power that gaardi our Iborc),

Aod fappUant aOc eternal peace.
But ceafe, my Mofe, tbefe Uyi of art.

Nor more prolong th'smbignoai plei.
Ah I Lore forgive, my confcioo* heart

Revoke) the flrain, and turn* to theet
Thine ii the wt<h that fondly rovei.

That thni iflfpirei ih' enraptur'd ibeme.
That leads the Uufe to Notihrro grove*.

And wafu her figbs to Humbei'i llreaiD,

t M Robin, wbieb bai laitiy lattm M bh RtfiJtwa in lit Cathtir'^ «
Briflol, 4tmd atctmpaaiii ibi Orgam meitb bis Sin^img.

SWEET, fociU bird ! whofe foft harmoniooi laji.
Swell the glad fong of thy Creator*! prajfe.
Say, art ihon confcioDi of approaching lilt?
Pell Winier't ftorm; — the pointrd bliB that killif
Shann'fl thou the favage Nonh'i unpityiqg breath?
Or cruel man'i more latent fnarei of draih {
Here dwell fecure t herr, with incelTint note,
P«ar ihe foft mafic of thy trembling throat*

t3S ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770^

Here, gentle bird, a fare afylom find.

Nor dread the chilling froSt, oor bpift'roat wisd.

No hoflile tyrant of the featherM race.

Shall dare invade thee in this hallowed place;

Nor while he fails the liquid air along.

Check the (hrill nambers of thy chearfiil {bng«

No cautious gunner, whofe unerring fight

Stops the fwift eagle in his rapid flight.

Shall here difturb my lovely (bngfter's reft.

Nor wound the plumage of his crimfon breaft.r

Tbe truant fchool-boy, who, in wanton play.

With vifcid lime involves the treach*roos fpirn/^

In vain (hall fpread the wily fnare for thee.

Alike fecure thy life and liberty.

Peace then, fweet warbler, to thy fluttering heart ;

Defy the rage of hawks, and toils of art :

Now (hake thy downy plumes ; now gladlier pa/

Thy grateful tribute to each ridng day ;

While crowds ieIo*w their willing voices raife.

To (ing with holy zeal Jehovah* s praife.

Thou, perch'd on high, (hall hear th' adoring throng^

Catch the warm drains, and aid the facred fong»

Increafe the folemn»chorus, and infpire

Bach tongue with mufic, and ekch heart with fire.

Fart 9f tht LAST CHORUS of the Sicotui M rf Setltii

Troades.

FRAIL is the (late of vifionary man.
His pleafures tranfient, and his life afpan:
At morn he blooms, with confcious pride elate.
At eve he (brinks, and dreads impending fate.
So the gay flow'r that decks the woodland glade.
Is doom'd to bloffom, and is doom'd to faoe.
When Fate demands our tributary breath.
Then fay, O reas'ner ! what thou dread'A in death ?
Oft, on a dunghill. Virtue's left to rot.
Its worth neglef>ed, and its charms forgot;
Whilft gaudy villains reap the wifl)*d>tor prize.
And ill-got trappings ftrike our wond'ring eyes.
How round the heart the foft afFedions twine.
When the tear falls at injur'd Virtue's (hrine ? -
But oft we Hretch our aid to worth in vain.
And pity adds but to a life of pain.
The rofc chat fcents the zephyr's balmy wing.
Beneath its leaves retains a poignant fling.
No real joys from wealth or fortune flow.
Nay length of life is but protraded woe.

POETRY. tf3}

T\tn will i) drith ? Why Ibnuld the name ■ffright.

Th^ empiy bogbear or ■ winter's night ?

Why fhnold wc (hudJer ac this £n>l blow.

Which foothei each care, and drowns the toicc of woe i|

Let mindi whiclr float on Fancy'i aiiy wiogi

Faint 6eld» Elyfian and eternal fpring ;

Let fad enthuBaft) form a dreary cave.

And reel the blall which curli Cocyiot' wave:

Be miae the lot to pafi nnheeded thrangh

Life's mazy path, and take a tranfient view

Of fleeting blifs, while now and thea a fmile

Plays OD my lipi, each farrow to beguile;

Not over-fond of life, nor fearing death.

Content and tranqnil I'll refign my breath;

For, though with airy joys our fancies teem,

Siue life and death are bat an anxioos dream.

FAME anJ ti, COMPANIONS.
A fHlUal Fahlt. Bj th* Rtv. Ur. R— .
TT happen'd once npon a time,
I (A phrafe made choice of for the rhine)
Water and Fire agreed to firay.
With Fame, the partner of their way.
Fire was a noify, rattling blade.
Water, a baflifnl, gentle maid.
Nor let the wife with wonder read
That two fach contraries agreed; ;

For greater oppofites than thefe.
The love of Fame unites with eafe.

Through various realms they travell'd long.
Went often right, but ofi'oer wrong.
Fire fometimes mifs'd his proper roid.
And in a Mirer's chimney glow'd j
Water, milUking her defign.
Intruded frequently on wine.
While P^me, deluded by the crowd,
Lodg'd with the crafty and the proad.

Thus, mm of difl^rent tafle, in vain
Attempt one projcftto luftain ;
For whilr they dream of doing wondcrt.
They lead each other into blunder*.

At leneih, with various errors tir'd.
Their GriT defsgn a change requir'd ;
Water and Fire to gain their ends,
Propos'd to part— but part as friends :
Each wu 10 leave fome ra^rk behind him.
That t'other, at a pinch, might find him.

^40 ANNUAL K£(5lSTgS, iyfA

•' Where fj>rightly verdure decks the groofid^
(Says Water) *' I (hall fiill be found.
** Witk wealth and pow*r fotiletimes I dwells
«* But oftener in the hermit's cell,
'* BaniQiM from feads by nobler claret^
«• I feek the raptur'd poet's garret ;
** Where trade prevails, my torrents flow,
•' My dreams where bending ofiers grow.'^
• Where circling clonds of fmoke afpire^

* You're fure to meet with me (fays Fire] i
■ Deep in the bowels of the oiine,

« And in the ilars abdve, I (hine ;

' In every houfe on winter nights^

* In every verfe the poet writes ;

* Illuminate, as whims prevail,

* A city^ or a glow-worm's tail.*
''./Comrades, (fays Fame) I own I'm lotii

** To tell my temper to you both ;

*' When tov'd and courted by my fiKendSj

*' My care their tv^ry ftep attends;

<« When view'd With a negleAful eye,

«« Stung with th' affront, at once I fly«

*' Since this the cafe, from either fide^

•* It gives me forrow to divide ;

** You, when you pleafe, by certain figni,

'* When Love or Intereft iticlinesy

** Again may meet, tho' now yoo fever;

«• But — whom I leave, I leave for cvtr."

Written by a Breuuir^s Daughter ^ on bet Fafber^s dzfcharging biiCmi

/or getting in LiqM§r.

TJONEST William, an cafy and good-natur'd fellow*

I X Wou'd a little too oft' get a liiile too mellow:

Body Coachman was he to an eminent Brew'ri

No better e'er fat on a box to be fure ;

His Coach he kept clean— -no Mother or Nurfes

Took more care of their Babes, than he took of hit Horfes;

He had thefe, aye, and fifty good qualities more.

But the bufinefs oi tippling cou'd ne'er be got o'erj

So his mader eH'edlually mended the matter.

By hiring a man who drank nothing— -but water.

Now William, fays he, you fee the plain cafe ;

Had you drank as he does, you'd have kept a good places

Drink water 1 quoth William,— had all men dione fo^

You ne'er wouM have wanted a coachman, I trow ;

For 'tis Soakers like me, whom you load with reproacbea^

Thai enable you BrrMtn to ride in your Coaches.

WISD

POETRY. 041

WISDOM /7«i/ HEALTH,

COME rofeate Health » my tejnplei bind
With thy celeftial wreath;
And choa, bleft Wifdom, on my mind
Thy choiccil odonrt breathe.

Ai deareft friends together live.

Like them yon pine apart ;
Health gone» not Wifdom e'er can give

Pore rapture to the heart.

If Wifdom fly the youthful breaft.

Not fmiling Health can gain
To it the cordial balm of rtf^,
A mind exempt from pain.

Come then, twin daughters of the (kies#

Here make your focial ftay ;
The moment either frbm me flies.

Death fnatch my foal away.

OMthi Dbata ^/A# MAHQuiiy'GRANar*

WHAT makes the foldier's bread inceflfant figh?
Wky fall the dreaming tears from ev'ry eye ?
The noble Rut|«and*s brow with fadnefs fpread.
Proclaims that Granby, generous GaaNBT't dead!
To fiite all muft fobmit, the great, the brave>
The fage pliiloibpher, and courtly flavei
And when pale death diflfociates the foul
From her weak tenement, the manfion whole.
To native earth return'd, there mould'ring lieir
But virtue pore exifts, and death defies:
Hence all thy anceftors, O Ga aitby ! live.
Their noble deeds our faithful annals eive :
Nor (ball thy worth be lefs inroll'd with famei
Ai great thy merit, and beloved thy name,

T« L2

A N O T H B R4

^X F eoaragej honour, charity the boall,
\J Was noble G RAN BT<— but though early loflii
Tnouffh early mingled with the hoaoor'd deao«
Each Mufe a tear npon his hearfe ihall fliedi
Shall ftrive the memory of his worth to iavt,
Aod plant with laurels bis dUlingeilb'd srBff«
Vol.. XIII. R All

ft4a ANNUAL REGISTfiR, 1770;

An Account of Books for 1770.

yd 'Journey from London U Genoa^ genios of that mode of coapofi*

through Enghnd^ Portugal, tioo ; and we ctooot bat ftgret,

Spain, and France. By Jo/eph Bar^ that the fourth volone is ratMr s

retti. Secretary for foreign Cor- diary, and confeqaetttlj waiti

re/pondence to the Royal Academy of that engaging and 10 tercftingBSB-

Fainting, Sculpture ^ and Arcbitec- nfr that charadcrizet the tkfccl'tt

ture, [In 4 vols. 8vo. ] volomes.

The author (eemt in hit prcfacf

THE author of thefe volomes to apologize in fomtkat for kit

(whom we have formerly freqaentepotifm* aodhis venterii^

had occafion to mate favourable to make himfelf the hero of kit

mention of as a writer, from his own tale: but io fad, the

account of the cofloms and man- who writes his own joomey mat bt

ners of Italy, publiftied in the his own hero. Befides which, tk

year 1768) is a foreigner; nor will circumftance of drawing his if-

the attentive reader want any proofs marks on the coftoms and aaaacii

of ir. Indeed from the general of the people, from incidents of

purity and propriety of the didlion, the journey, and thereby makiaf

we (hould alidofl fufped that thefe them, as it were, part of a ftory,

little trips in the language, were is a very happy and dexteroasne*

not undefigncd ; but were left by thodof iuftru£tioo« TYit Feadaagh

the author as a fort of mark, to for one example out of a cboafiiM,

prove his title to the work. \^e all knew was a Spanifli dance;

We have mentioned the propri- but Mr. fiarretti carries as wlik

ety of the diction, but ic were him, we find the people here aid

doing great injuftice to this gen- there, and every where employed is

tleman, to conHnc his praife as a the dance; we make one in tke

writer to mecr propriety of die- p&rty ; and are more convinced of

tion ; wc mud do him the honour his opinion that the Spaniards aft

of owning, that he has attained to a lively people, than if be had

that ma^erly command of the fpent an hundred pages to conftte

lanj^uage, that would not difcredit the vulgar notion of their oncoi-

the very bel^ ofou/own writers. querablegravicy. Thoaeh ihefcfte

The work bei'ore us U the (lory is laid in Portagaf, of KMoe of t^

Cif A journey digefled into letters; extracts that we Ihall make epo*

and in the character of epiftolary this occafion; yet as the daace,

writing, we have not, perhaps, in and the manners in this inlaace,

the lar.guaee, any thing more to be are the fame In both conntries, aid

^pommended. It preferves the trae the actors here« conpofed of hock

ACCOUNT OF BOOKS. 443

1; the fallowing accouor,
ii includei the one, givei an
ive defcripcian of the othrr.

ambor, giving tn accouiii of
lalki who danced in tlie

at Eftremor, proceedi u

i number of them ftopped in
I where fome ladie) ht ia a
J, and there they began a
A young fellow amongft
ngularly aitraftrd my aiten-
nd indeed that of the whole
^y, wi:h his piroblc capers
iceful motioni. I have al-
een the Porluguefedance in
, and to gite them iheir due,
on (ofthnrethjt I havefcrn
} has any dance performed
pcrfuni, fo exhilarating as
andango. The Trefcooeof
■leans, the Furliaa of the
int, Ibe Correnie of the
Tines, and ihe Minuet or
nabic of the Fiench, are flat
laocei in comparifon of that

one which 1 Taw executrd
:hat balcony, by that young
d a boy drefled in woman'i
But dances cannot be
ti by words, nor can 1 con.

yon any i4» of the F^n-

bat by telling you ibat
nb was in fuch a motion as
be called with proprieiy a
and harmonious convullion
whole body. I have heard
h mailer in Lilbon blame it
and fay it was no dance at
t what dance wilt be ap-
by a Frenchman that is not
£lion of hii country > He

idea of gtacefulnefi but

I priAiled on the opera.
P^ris.

inhabitants of ihisconntrr,

II the Andalufiani and the
ani, wcrt famoyi for

dancing fo far back as the time!
of the Romans, and their yoang
women uf::d iheb lo go and dance
at Rome and in other parts of ifaa
Rpman cn.pire, where they eafily
captivated the heart' of confult
and proconfuls, aa the female
dancers of France go now to Ivily,
Germany, and England, to enamour
Signori, tlix'jitri, and MjIorJtt
Miir:ial incntioni, with falyrical
peeviihni-rs, the Betick and the
Gadiian female dancer* j and lbs
eldDit Scaligcr, fnmeuhere in hij
poeiick', fjys fomething'jjf the
dancing anciently ufed incite pro~
vincesthat lie this way. ?oa are
lucky, my brothers) that I travel
without i Martial xaA a Scaliger,
Had I their bonks, I would not let
ibis opportunity flip without malc-
'"g as g'eat a walle of erudititra
as our B^rtoli the antiqaarian doet
fo often."

We Iball now attend oQr ttivelle'
to Elvai, where he fays:

■ Iw

sihew

> It.trs

kind of gallery, which opened imo
fevcral rooms full cf peopie. Thia

§ tilery was fpread with men who
■pt wrapped Up in their cloak).
As I advanced amongll ihem I felt
the floor (baking: iind as my head
has been filled with earthquakes
ever fince I lejchcd Portugal, it
occurred on a fudden ihil ihft
ground was Ih.iking ; but prefenily
was fenflble that theconcuOton wai
cauftd by mv moviag along that
ill-con flruflcd fljor.

Aslwjswalking and wailing for
my fupper, fome young itialeicera
came outof ihe fide-rooms. On«
of them began to tickle his guittart
and another produced a fong to the
tune. They had fcarcely gone (IA
three minutes with iheir perform-
ance, when the dtepera &*nti up,

R 1 while

^44 ANNUAL REG ISTEll, 1770,

while more than thirty people came
OQt of thofe fide-rooms; and a
dance was begun. A man cut a
taper by H/iy of reverence to a
woman, and the woman advanced
immediately to dance the Fandango
with him. There 11 no poflibility
of coDfvrying to yon any juft idea
of their hilarity, nimblenefsy and
eladicity. There were four Spanifh
and fix Portoguefe females. Out
of the ten I took only notice of
three. One was a brownifh girl
called Tercfuela, whom I ioon
iound to be the bell finger of them
all. The other two were fillers;
the yoiinger fo renowned in the
towns around for a beauty, that
(he goes under the appellation of
la helia Caialina. The elder it ooC
fo handfome, but has fuch eyes t
What a pity the comparifon of the
ftars is no more in faftiion.

The dreifcs of thefe women were
all gaudy, efpecially the Spanifh,
who are come from Badajos with
feme male friends to fee Elvaa«fair.
I mud repeat it, that I have ittn
various dances from Parenzo in
Tdria to Derby in England : but
none of them is comparable to
uhat 1 faw here to-night. It is true
that their geftores and attitudes are
fonnetimes not fo compofed as one
coold wifli : yet, if 1 was poflefled
of the abilities of Martial, inftead
of running down the Fandango
and the Seguedilla, which I fup-
pofe were the dances he fatyrized,
1 would write a thoufand epigrams
in praife of ihero, of Tereluela, of
Catalina, and moft particularly of
Paolita, who has thofe eyes I men-
tioned! Oh this Paolita!

Both the Fandango and the Se-
guedilla are danced either at the
&and of the guittar alone, or the

goittar accompanied by tk f«itf»
which is an advantageooi addilioB
when the eaittaritt bappeas tt
have a good voice. Both oiea tfi
women, while dancing, give %
double jclap with their ibanoi aad
middle fingers at e^ttj cadence,
and both dances (the Fandaago
efpecially; are rather made ep
with graceful motioof and quck
(Iriking of their hceli and loct cm
the ground than with cqoal aai
continued fteps. Tbey dance clofe
to each other, then wheel aboit,
then approach each other witkfbtd
eagernefi, then quickl;|rrieciic^tbea
quickly approach again, cbe vaa
lookinfi; the woman fteadily in the
face, while flie keepaher bcaddovip
and fixes her eyes on the cranad
with as moch modeilj na flit cia
put on.

I bad flept bat poorly for thifi
nighu together, and was ib aach
tji«d with thir day's journey, pcfw
formed a-foot for the greaieft pan,
that I was jaft debating wbetlierl
(hoold, or not, go fopperlefs to
bed. But this onexpdSed frai
chaneed my thoughts iniantlj,
and inftead of going id reft, I
Hood there gaainv with my whole
foul abforbed in delight*

The fellows who but a aoaeiit
before were deeping on that floor,
without the leaft certmonj, or ths
leaft fliame of their rags, danced
away with the gaody, as well si
with the dirty women (for feme of
them were dirty enough ;) nor dd
any of the company (how the lest
partiality to age, to dreis, or to
Dcauty, but all feemed lo daacs
merely for dancing-fake. I was s
little fnrprized to iee a ftabby
rafcal take up fo clean a girl si
Tcrefuela, who was cbe fiueft of

thcsi

ACCOUNT OF BOOKS.

««

all, aad look renter upon
xtn toy fKh maiir* would at
upon a rick and tender
V. Thii would not have beta
cd to any of the couatriei I
vifited, where the ill-dicfTcd
compiay with the ill-dnfledr
be fine with the fine, without
Ireamiag of fach mixture* as
raOifed in this part of the

■ corucr of tfaii gatlcry there
irge table. Upou the table
oth wit laid, and mj fupper
1. There I fat down to rat,
at cerenmty or [haflie, in m/

ring alraolt done, Batifte put
: me a large EngliOi cake
by Madam Kelly^ Tbiicakr
up inio Aicet, and placing
pyramid ically upon a plaic,
[ to prefeui it round to the
, paying them a Caftilian
imcot that I bad beta a
TOfaD hour in coropofing.
of tbem with the moft difem-
fed countenaace picked op
ce. Tome with t bow, fome
1 fnile, and fome with a kind

; cake being ihui difpofed. I
1 to the gentlemen (mutet-
aft-driver), and all) and
[ tbem FidaI|o'i and C.ivil-
invited them to drink the
of the emuiUi Bajlarinti
Mi^ Jaaiirs) which ihey all
ih ihe noblell rreedom and
ft alacrity; and much wai
'neral joy encreafed by ihii
I piece oroutlaodiOi manneri.
I of tbem, who lilt then had
•f deigned to look on the
^iro, or feemcd aTraid to
to faim, now Ihook him by
i)d, and each had fbmeching
to me either ia Spaailh or
■efc.

To the ladiei, after the cake I
ordered glaJleg of water, becaufe I
knew ihai to offer them wtne would
have fpoiled all the good I had
done, and the offer conltrued into
a groft affront ; in fuch elleem it
fobriety amoagS thefe people.
One of them, who was with child,
fent to alk a flice of the bam, and
her example waa followed by ibe
left."

To fill ap the piflare, we fliall
■ow attend our author to Madrid,
where, in the acconaE be give* of
theCarnivalcoHoms. we again meet
the FamJamgttit we do indeed uj
many oiheroccafioni.

"The carnival cuDomi have un-
dergone fome change at Madrid, as
the King hM built there a very
grand ball, called li AmphilhtMn,
where ihoufandi refort twice a
week dnring the carnirftl-time.
Any body malkediiadmitted there
for oaly tweaty reali [not quit*
five (hilling!) ud pafTes there ihs
whole night with as much pleafure
1) foch a place can afford. Tbera
the dancing place is fpacioa*
enongh for three Sundrcd couplet
to daacc at a time, and there arc
feats round it, am phi theatrically
difpofed, with three large galle-
ries over, which admit fire or Gz
thoufand people more. The ball
has four fpacious ttair-cafei at the
four corneri, that lead up to tha
galleriei, and to feveral larga
roomi, where people may have hot
and cold fuppcrs at choice, coffee,
chocolate, lemonadei, and other
refrelhment), every tbtag near a*
cbeap as at home. A confiderable
number of waiters attend, all uni.
formly drefled ia pompidoar*
Colour. Befidesibefeconvcaieaces,
there aie two large rooms witb
four beds in each, oni for the aMac

R 3 th*

346 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

he other for the women, who
ihould happen to^ he taken fuddenly
ill; and there are phyficians and
furgeons regularly attending, as
well as four dancing-mailers to
dired the country dances, and teach
their various motionsand evolutions
to thofe who do not know them
well. Nor mull I omit to mention
two fmall rooms with infcripcions
over their doors, one Jaula fr los
paxaros, the other Jaula por las
faxaras ; that is, a cage for the
cock-birds, a cage for the heo-
birds ; in plain language, a jail for
the men and a jail for the women.
Should any body raife any difturb-
ance, or b. have with any indecency
there, he would be fhut up for the
night by the guards attending at
fhe entrance-door.

I have feen above fix hundred
people dance at once the Fandango
m that amphitheatre; and it is not
pofllble to give an idea of fuch a
rapturous diverfion. The enthu*
fiafm that feizes the Spaniards the
inonnent that the Fand;«ngo is
touched, is a thing not to be con-
ceived. I faw hundreds of ihem at
jfupper, quit indantly (he tables,
tumble precipitouHy down the
flair-cafes, ihrong promifcuoudy
into the dancing place, face about
for a partner that was found in an
inftanc, and fall a dancing, bc'fh
men and women, wiih fuch a vigour
as to beggar all defcriptirn. Was
the place ample enough^ there is
not one of them ihat would re-
main a fimple rpc^i;»tor, as many
arc forced 10 be. Thofe who are
forced to it, Hand gazing from
the fe:iii below or the galleries
j-iM.ve, wiih fj^irklin^ ryes and
r.n.b> trembling, anci encourage the
d^n^cis with clam* ur and clap-
ping of hanJ;). There is a fmall

printed book, in titled, B^U A
ma/carast He, printed at MadriJia
1763, that fets forth the laws l»
be obferved at the amphitbeaire.
Should any body contravene any of
thofe laws, he would snftantly ba
thruft into one of the Jaulas. The
band there con fi (It of forty io-
(Iruments, that play alternately
twenty at a time, fo th^t the
dancing is never (lopped as long as
the night lails ; that is, froa oioe
o'clock at night till fix in the
rooming.**

The great object of travel, ind
what would draw the actentloo of
the llatefman, the lawgiver, or the
commercial politician, vrere not to
be Ci:mprehended in the ihort
fpace of time that Mr. Birretti
allowed himfelf to fprnd on his
tour ; he, however, fpcnt that
little time fo aereeably to him and
his readers, that we mo ft regret
that he did not afford himfelf acre
leifure. He went very f^ft indeed
through Portugal, which does aot
appear to be his favourite coootry.
He feems th^re to feel fome of
thofe narional prejudices that •€
all complain of, are ail afhamedcf,
and perhaps have all experienced
mure or lefs. But our author, for
the mod part, gencroufly carries
the antidote for the puifon which
he may have fcattertd in hu
hafle.

In Spain, oor author's prejodicei
(if he has any) are all en the good*
natured Ade; and as this counirf
had feemed to him an objeifl more
engnging to his aflFcdion<, ard
more worthy of his attention; we
regret th .t he did not fojouro i
while longer in it. While his
prejudices contribute to his fatis-
ftciion, and render hima kind
fpedaior of what he f^w, w; are

plcafo*

ACCOUNT OF BOOKS.

M7

]tlnted to inddlee his prepoflW*
Aottt; butwhenlie blindly adopti
the wild infitaaied politics of an
■Miaformed btgotted people, we

felf liable to objcAions chat nn
other writer of tbii age ii fubjetl
Iti; be i« iodeed the only man
who, a( (bii time, cm End either
good feofe or good policy in the
cruel treaEroent which the Mori f-
eoeiiiKt with in that toaatty. So
neat a mafter ia language, could
BOt, however, omit an attention
to the variojs tongaei that are
fpoken in that kingdom, and the
reader may be curiou* to fee an
rxtraft from hit difTertatioti on the
Bilcayan language.

" The Bifcayaa laoguige, or
Bafcnenze, ai they call it, ac-
cording to the idea thai I have
been able to fom of ii, muft be
divided at lead into three diilefii )
•f which the firft, or mother-
tongue, moil be called Bifcayin.
(he fecond Navarran, and the third
Balqae.

The Bifcayan diaIcA, or mother-,
tongue, I take to be tbat, which ii
fpoken through that part of Bircay,
the inbibitani* of which conGder
the town of Bilbao, or rather ihat
orOrdDna,ti)betheircapiul. The
chief (eat of chit dialef),or loogue,
I take to be that, which ii fpoken
in either of ibofe towm. only fix
leegnei diftant frnm each other,

The Navarran dialed 1 call that
which ii fpoken through the bell
part of the little kingdom of Na-
varre: and ai Pimpeluna it the
capital of thatkingdom, it ii to be
fuppofed that the pured Navaitan
it fpoken at Pampeluaa.

The Baftjue dialefl 1 term that
wbich ii fpukca iluough that trail

of country, called PaiideBafque
by the French, to whom it belongs.
That Pais is chiefly formed by
ihirty-thrre villages aud their ter-
ritories, all fobjeA to the fpirituat
jurifdifttDn of the bilhoptick of
Bayonne. And rV the moll con>
fiderable of ihofe thirty-three vil-
lag's is San Juan de Lax, there,
I fuppole, the bell Bafque ii
fpoken, the chief people of the
Pai'i de Bafqae reliding in thai
village, which the French term »
ifivg or vi/U, to give it fame pre.
eminence over the rell of thofe
vilUgCj,

The moft capital Bafcnenxe-
work is doubtleft the folio Dic-
tionary, compiled by father La-
ruiendi, a Jefnit. The diftion-
ary bean the title of Trilingne,
becanfe it rnnt in Baftnenae,
Caftilian, and Latin. Ai it bai
been printed only once, it it now
become fo fcarce, that 1 coutd
not find a copy of it any where,
mnch to my difappoiniment, at I
am informed that ita preface,
though penned in > moft turgid
firtin, coniiini a great deal of
tare erudition,

Neic the Diflionary comet tka
Grammar, compofed by the fam«
author, and oidly inliikd, £.' im-
pt^th iitniido, Tbt impiifiksliiy «»-
futriJ. In lhat grammar iheBaf-
cuenze it rxpItlHed by the C'<''-
lilian. I am told it has gnne
through feveral editions. I have
that which was printed at Sala-
mi>nct, in 1739, and have reprai-
eJly lock-d in;o it ; but not yet to
any purpnfe. In the prolog", or
preface, it ii faid, chit // B.fjnmxt
f, ana lingua quf cn^gnia p).a etm
iai urai, Tif gtmij, tf ih, Bijcaxan
htari m« grial a^aily U ih.tl aj ubir

Ungnagii ; anU my reaoer will
K ^ utl](

^8 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

cifiljr give credit to thu aflertiont
when he it told, that yoo fay in
Spaniiht for ioftance, that bread ii
2^d f^rm aquil fttg U ^mi#» *'fir
^im who ems it r' which phrafe it
rcndf red in the Bifcayan fangnage
by one word only: jaiinduinarewi*
nai* But, though this is only one
wordy fay I father Laramendi^ we
■inft confider it at a compound of
ie?era1 ; ttjaten ftands for the verb
€omir ; du for the ac^afative U ; #«
w ind for the relative fir/; and
aretittuu for the pronoun agail^foW
lowed by the arucle/iO'«,

Howeafya language thus con-
flrudcd is to be leaniedt this only
ipecimen may pofibly give an idea.
But, were it ever fo eaiy, no great
pro£ciency coald be made in it by
ftttdyine itowtof the country where
it is fpokea, as»befides l^ramiudPt
Di^ionary and grammar, the num*
ber oi books printed in Bafcnenxe
is, as I faid» quite incoofiderable.
Eleven fmall volumes of Spiritual
Difconrfes and Pious Meditations,
^ tranflation of Kenipis's Imitation
of Chrift, another tranflation of
Sctrpoi's Spiritual Combat| a (hort
Cacechifm, about hilf a dozen fmall
Collr;6liun9 of Prnyers in profe, and
of Spiritual Songs in verfc, areal-
moft the only works to be found
printed in thii language. I leave

my reader cojudgr,whether it would
be poffible to learn it out of the
country, by means of the fmall por*
tton of it (hat is contained in (o
limited a library. But, was it even
poflibl*;, would it be worth the
while ?

I remember to have once read, in
an Euj^liih magazine, an account of
an Irifli prieft, who, travelling
|hrouc>h Bifcay, could make ihift
with hii Irifh tongue, to under-
ilaod the Bifcayans, and be under-
|lopd by them. But whether the

anthor of that accomt iapoU
upon the public or boc» let Ac
reader detenniBe hj the help of
the fidlowing tranfcripdos of the
IiOrd's*pn^yer in Bi(cayn aad
Iriih.''

We muft refer oar cnriow rca»
ders to the orieinal lor tkb fpcd*
men, in which the Lord*s.piaycr
is divided into fentences* aad nvei
in Latin, in Bifcayan, and ialriftf
and by which the two latter laa-
giiaget feem to have do com
or refembboce.

Tbi Lift 9f Bdwmrd Lmri Birtm
0/ CberSurj. JTriitem h ^^S^*

THE ingenious editor of tUl
work, with all that jni aad
natural admiratiqo which aa editor
commonly bears to hia mithor, ad*
mits that his hero h^dftrtmfs fiMse
n/auityt fwelj fome wroogheaded*
nefs : the admilGon u indeed^ aot •
forced one. Bat allowiog hia vt*
nity, and hia wroogheadednefs,
which was very much the coafe-
aoenceof his vanity, he was, whe-
ther you confider him aa a public
or a private man, a perfon of con*
fiderable merit, which will ind are
the good-natured reader, more to
lament thap condemn a fort of fe-
minine vanity, that led him m a
too folemn avowal of perfonal qas«
lities, that are, as he fays, indeed
fcarcely credible, and if they wefv,
are of no merit ; and yet he calls
God to witnefs to their truths, as
of things in themfelvea excellent
and praife-worthy.

We can fcarce however agree
with the ingenious editqr» that the
whole relation throws (ingalar light
on the mannera of the age. The
age he lived in, does not feem w
Lave confideicd our author as a

moch

ACCOUNT OF BOOKS.

'49

■vclt left fingalar perron, thm we
coaGder him ai thij day: Sir Kd-
ward Sickville, who wai a man of
at Buch rank and coD6drri[ian ai
himfHt, declined to have any thing
ndff in hit wanton qoirrel with
the governor of Lyons. In all pro*
jbability, he wai in bit own time
CDBfidtrcd, a* he ronfi be now, at a
very troublefome and yet refped-
»blc member of fociety. perhapi
we hare the adv«nlage of our an-
ceAon in thii pariicuUri at Lord
Herbert it a much better cbaraAer
t.o read than to have livad with ;
but hii life, and the life of every
Mao who has at all llood in a coo-
fpicuDut light, will be a pleafant,
and poffibly an inllruflive enter'
uinincnt, who writei from hii real
fceliogi, at Lord Herbert certainly
docf : it ii in h& the hiftory of hii
fervanu and of hit horfet, at well
41 of himfclf, and thereby cirriei
01 ffloft agreeably through all hit
ftenet : wa will ihcrefore prefent
the reader wiih hii boar-haiiE.
which it told io a natural and
livel/ manner ; and pofTibly the rea-
der may fipd himfelf almoll at
Bach iDtercfted for the dogs at for
the knight,

" One time alfo it was my for-
tanp to kill a uild boar in ihit
manner; tbe boar being rouzrd
from bit den fled before our tfogt
for a good fpice, but iinding them
prefs him hard turned hit head
agaiall our dog*, and hurt three
or four of them very dangeroufly.
X came on borfeback up to him,
and with my fwotd ihrull him twite
or thrice without eatering bit Ikin,
the blade being not fa llilf ai it
fltovldbe; the boar hereupon turn-
ed upon Bie, and much endangered
my horfe, which I perceiving rid
a little oat of the way, ao4 leaving
my horfe wiik mjr lack/, retunid '

with my fword againfi the boar,
who by thit lime had hart moio
dogi, and here happeanl a pretty
kind of fight, for when I ihrnft at
the boar iometimei with my fvord,
which iu fome pluci I made enter,
the boar would run at me, whofe
IdIV* yet by ftepping a little ont of
(he way I avoided bat he thea
turninf^ upon me, the dogk caaip
ID, and drew him off, fo that ha
fell upon them, which I perceiving
ran at the boar with my rwor4
again, which n>arie him tarn npoa
me, but tbrn th- dogi pulled hi«
from me again, while lb relieving
one another by iufqi, we killed th*
boar. At thit cbact-Monfieur Di<
fancourand Mennon were prefent,
** aifo Mr. Townfend, yet fo aa
they did endeavogr rather to with-
draw me (ton than a$it me in iha
danger."

Our next extrafi will gin a
pretty good idea of the woik an4
of (he man ( as it it a Otetch of hi«
miniflerial condnfi, and a iaoplo
of hit pctfonal whimt.

■■ ADdnowKhallmentinn fbme
particular paflaget concerning my-
&lf, without entering yet any way
into the whole frame and conirxt of
ray negotiation, referving them, aa
' faid before, to a particular trea-

tife; ( fpcnt roy time much in the

iOtt of tr ■ - -

It pol'ooi of iha

: the pri:

, coanrel of

French kiogdom, who did cier
punAualty requite my vifiii: iho
like I did alfo to the chief ambaf-
fad^rt ther(, among whom tha
Venetian, Lo<i.Countrey. Sivoy,
aad the united princet in Germany
aaibaOailort did bear me that ra-
fpeA, that they ufuallv met in my
houfe, 10 advile together c^occia-
ing the grrat affairt pf that time ;
for at ibe Spaniard then wat lo po>
unt that he ft<aic4 u affeS aa

150 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1770.

nniverfal monarchy, all the abore*
mentioned ambafladors did in one
common intereil drive to oppofe
)iim : all our endeavours yet cou'd
not binder, but that he both pub-
lickty prevailed in hit attempts
abroad, and privately did corrupt
divers of the principal miniilers of
ftate in this kingdom. I came to
difcover this by many ways, but
by none more effectually than by
the means of an Italian, who re-
turned over by letters of exchange
the moneys theSpaniih ambaflador
received for his occaHons in France ;
for I perceiv*d that when the faid
]:alian was to receive any extraor-
binary great fum for ihc Spanifh
ambafTidor's ufe, the whole face
of affairs was pr^fently changed,
infomuch that neither my reafons,
nor the ambafTadors above-mrn.
tioned how valid focver cou'd pre-
vail ; tho' yet afterwards we found
means together to reduce affairs to
their former train ; 'till fome ether
new great fum coming to the Spa-
nifh ambaffador's hand, and from
thence to the aforefaid miniilers of
ilate, altered all. Howbeit divers
viHts pad betwixt the Spanifh am-
baffaior and myfelf, in one of
which he told me that tho* our in-
terelts were divers, yet we might
continue friendfhip in our particu«
)ar perfons; for, faid he, it can
be no occafion of offence betwixt
vs, that each of us Drive the bed
be can to ferve the king his mailer :
I diiliked not his realon^, tho' yet
] cou*d not omit to tell him that I
wou'd maintain the dignity of the
king my mailer the bell I cou'd ;
and this I faid becnufe the Spanifh
an)b<«ffador had taken place of the
Rnglilh in the time of Henry the
fourth in this fafhion, they both
meeting in an anti-chamber to the
Secretary of State, the Spanifh am-

baffador leaning to the wall id thtt
poftore thac he cook cbe band of
the EDgliOi ambaflador. faid pnb-
lickly, f hold this place in ike
right of the king mj mafter, wkick
fmall pundlilio being not reientcd
by our ambafTador at tbat ciar,
gave the Spaniard occalion tobragg
that he had taken the band fnM
our ambaffador. This made ae
more watcbfnl to regain tbe koaor
which the Spaniard pretended to
have gotten herein, fo that tho' tbe
ambaflador in his vifits often re-
peated the words above-men tioned,
being in Spanifh Que c£da ooo
haga lo que pudiere por fu aso;
let every man do the beft he cat
frtr his mailer ; I attended the oc-
cafion to right my mafler; it bap*
pened one day that both of ds go-
ing to the French king fjr our fc-
veral affairs, the Spanifh ambatEi-
dor between Paris and Ellampes,
being upon his way before me io
his coach, with a train of aboot
1 6 or iSpeifonson horfeback, J fol-
lowing him in my coach with abogt
10 or 12 horfe, found that either
1 muff go the Spanifh pace, which
it flow, or if I hailed to pafs him,
that I mud hazard the fuffering of
fome affront like unto that our !or.
mer ambafTador received ; propo-
fing hereupon to my gentlemen the
whole bulinefs, I told them that I
meant to redeem the honour of the
king my mafler feme way or other,
demanding further whether they
wou'd affid me ? which they pro-
miflng, I bid the coachman drive
on; theSpaniih ambaffador feeing
me approach, and imagining «hat
my intention was, fcnt a gentleman
to me, to tell me he defircd to
falute me, which I accepting, the
gentleman returned to the ambir-
lador, who alighting from hisco^ch
attended me in the middle of tbe

bi|;h«

ACCOUNT OF BOOKS.

2JI

lligbwaT, which being perceiv*d by
DC I alighted alio, when Tome tx-
travigiQt cotDplimentB having pall
betwixt U3, the Spinini ambiMatlor
took hi) leave'or me, went to a
irj ditch not far off, upon pre-
tence of malcing water, but io'
deed to hold the upper hand of
we while I paft by in my coach,
which being obftrred by me I left
nj coach, and getting upon a Tpare
korfe I had there, rode into the
faid dry ditch, and telling him
alood, that I knew well wli; he
flood there, bid him afterwardi get
to hit coach, fori moft ride that
way : the Spanifli ambalTador, who
underllood me well, went to hi)
coacb grumbling and difcontenied,
'thfl yet neither he nor hi) train
did any more than look one upon
another in a cnnfufed manner ; my
coach thia while paSing by the
ambafTidor on the fame fide I nai,
I ftiorily af[er left my horfe and
got into it 1 it bap'ncd thi) while,
that one of my coach horres having
loll a Ihoe, 1 thought (it to Hay at
I fmiih') forge, about a qu.irter of
a mile before ; thi) Iboe cnu'd not
be pot on fo fO'in, but th.-tt the
Spanilb ambaOador ovcr'ook u*,
aad might indeed have p^it ii«, but
Ihit he thought I wou'd give him
■nuiher ajfront; attending there-
fore the fmiih'i leafure, he ISayed
in the highway to our no little
admiration, unlitl my horfe wa)
flioed i we continued our journey
to Eftampes, the Spanifh ambafla-
dor followiog u> Aill at a good
diilance.

] Oion'd fcarcc have mentioned
ihia pafljge, but that the Spaoinrdi
do fo much Hand upon their pun.
dtmorei; fjr coD6rming whereof I
have thought fit to remember the
■nfwer a Spanifh ambatTador made
fo Philip the ficoiid king of Spain,

who finding faolt with him for
neglefling a bufinefi of great im-
portance in Italy, but lie con'd
not agrre with the French aniball
fador about feme fuch puodonore aa
thit, faid to him, como a dexado
una cofa di importancia per una
ceremonial how have you left a
bufinef) of importance for a cere-
monv; the ambaffador boldly re-
plied to his maRer, como por ana
ceremonial vueiTa majefta mifma
no et finounaceremonia: how, for
aceremonyj your majefty'i felfit
biit a ceremony.

Howfiiever tne Spanilh ainbaSa-
dor taking no notice publickly of
the advantage 1 had Of him here-
in, dilTembled it ai I beard 'till he
cou'd 6ad fome fit occafion to re-
:ht5 palTage, which yet he never

did t<

ihii day

ill lelaie now fome thingi
concerning myfelf, which 'thA thc^r
may feem ftarce credible yet before
God are true: I had been now ia
France aboot a year and an half
when my talour, .Andrew Heoljr
of Bam, who nr,w lives in Blacki
fryeri, demanded of me half a yard
of fatin (o rotke me a fuii more
tiian I wai accultomed to give, of
which I reifuired a reafon, laying,
I wa) not Titter now than when I

taller:

unto when I woit'd give no credit,
he brought hi) old meafurei, and
made it appear that they did not
reach to their jult placei ; I told
him I knew not how thli hap'ncd,
but huwfiKvcr he (hou'd have half
a yard more, and that whfn I came
into England I wou'd clear the
doubt, lor a little before my depar-
ture thence, I remember William
£jrl of Pcmbrook and myfclf did
meafure height) together at the re-
quell of che Couniel'i af Bedford,

S5« ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

and he was higher tbaD J by
aboot the breadth of my little
Bnger; at xny return therefore into
England I meafured again with the
fumt Early and to both our great
wonders found myfelf Caller than
he by the breadth of a little inger ;
which growth of mine I cou*d at-
tribute to no other caufe but to
my qaartan ague, which when
it quitted me, left me in a more
perfefl health than I formerly
enjoyed.

I weighed myfelf in ballancea
often with men lower than myfelf
by the head, and in their bodies
flenderer^and yet was found lighter
than they, as Sir ^^n Da vers
Knight, and Richard Griffiths now
Hvingcan witnefa, with both whom
I have been weighed ; I had alfo,
and have ilill a pulfe on the crown
of my head; it is well known to
thofe that wait in my chamber, that
the (hirts, waili coats, and other
garments I wear next my body are
I'weet, beyond what either eafily
can be believed, or hath been ob-
frrved in any elfe, which fweetnefs
alfo was found to be in my breath
above others, before [ ufed to take
tobacco, which towards my latter
time 1 was forced to take againil
certain rheumes and catarres that
trouble me» which vet did not taint
sny breath for any long time."

The following fpecimenb of his
conduA at the fiege of juliers, will
b? fuflicient to give an idea of his
knight errantry.

«* One day Sir Edward Cecill
and myfelf coming to the ap-
proaches that Monficurde Balagny
nad made towards a bullwark or
ba!Hon of that city, MonHeur de
B^l'igny in the pre fence of Sir Ed-
ward Cecill and divers Englifli and
French captains then prefrnt, faid,
*' Monfieur, On dit, qae vous

8

£tea 00 dea plos bravea de vAtrt
nation, et je fuit Balagoy, alSou
voir qui faira le mieox $ Tbey £17,
yoo are one of the braveft of joar
natba, nod I an Balagoyt 1^ m
fee who will do befit wherenpoa
leaping foddenly ootof the treKkt
with his fword drawn, I did in iIk
like manner aa foddenly follow hisi
both of as in the mean while ftrif*
in^ who (hoa'd get foremofi, which
being perceived by thofe af the
bullwark and cortinc oppofite 10
us, three or foor hundred iiot at
lead, great and foaall, were auidc
againil as. Our ranning on for-
wards in emulation of each other
was the caafe that all che Qiou Ml
betwixt OS and the trench fnm
which we fallied. When Monfiear
Balagny, finding fach a ftorm of
boilers, faid, «« Par Diea il fut
bicn chaod, it ia very hot here;**
1 anfwered briefly that, <* Vous ea
ires primier, aotremeot Je n*lnf
jamais ; You (ball go firft or elfe I
will never So;" hereupon he rat
with all ipeed, and fomewhat
crouching towards the trenches, I
followed after leaforely and op*
right, and yet came wnhin the
trenches before they on the boll*
wark or cortine could charge agaio,
which paflage afterwards being re-
lated to the Prince of Orange, he
faid it was a ft range bravado of
Balagny, and that we went to an
unavoidable death.

I could relate di%-erfo things of
note concerning myfelf, daring
the fiege, but do forbear, leaft I
fbould relifh too much of vanity;
it (hall fufiice that my paffing over
the ditch unto the wall, frft of
all the nations there, is fet down
by William Crofts Mafter of Arts,
and foldler, who hath written and
printed the hiftory of the Low-
Countriea/*

Afcci

ACCOUNT

Afin rclaiiDg ■ quurcl which
fcappened between him and Lord
WaMea, be goct on thai :

" Being afflong the Prcncti, I
reaMmbercd m^rerrof the bravado
of MonGcor Balagoy, and coming
to him told him, I knew how
brave a man he wa*, and that as
ha bad ^ut me to one trial of dar-
ing, when I wa> lall with him in
kil Ireaches, I would put him to
■DOtker; faying I beard he had a
fur miftrefi, and that the fcaffhc
wore wa» her gift, and that I
wovid maintain I had a worthier
miSrcfi than he, and that I would
do ai mach fbr her fake a> he, or
■■■7 elfe dnrft doforhii; Balagnjr
berenpoa looking merrilf DpoQ me,
ftid, if we Ihalt Uj who i* the
■bier man to ferve hit aiiftreft, let
both of 01 get two wenchei, and
he that doth hii buGoef* bed, let
him be the braver man i and that
for hii part, he had no mind to
Cght on that qnartel; I looking
kerenpon fomewhat difdainfully on
him, faid, he fpoke more tike a
Pailiard than a Cavalier, to which
he anfwering nothing, I rid my
wayt, and afterward* went to
MonGear Terant, a French Gen>
tleman that belonged to the Duke
af Montmorency, formerly men-
tioned; who telling me he had a
Juarrcl with another Gentleman,
effetcd to be hia fecond, but he
raying he wai provided already, [
rode thence to the En^ Ih quar-
ter*, attending fome fit occafi.in lo
fend again to the Lord Walden ; I
came no fooner thither, but I
found Sir Thonai Somerfet with
II or 13 mom in the head of the
Englifli, who were then drawing
forth in a body or fquadron, who
feeing me on horfcback, with a
fcoman only that attended me,
gave m« fome affrottiog Wordi, for

OP BOOKS. ajj

my quarrelling with the Lord of
Walden; whereupon I alighted,
and giving my horfe to my lacky^
drew my fword, which be no
fooner faw but be he drew bi«, aa
alfo all the company with him; I
running hereupon amongft them,
put by fome of their ibruft*, and
making toward* him in particular
put by a thiuA of his, and ha4
ccrLflinly run him through, but that
one Lieutenant Prichard, at that
inflant taking me by the flionlder,
turned me aSde, but I recovering
myfelf a^ain ran at him a fecond
time, which he perceiving retired
himfelf with the company to tha
tenci whichwere near, although not
fo faft bat I hurt one Proger, and
fome oihen alfo that were with
him; but they being all at laft
got within the tent*, f finding now
nothing elfe to be done, got to my
horfe again, having receired only
a flight burton the ootfide of my
ribi, and two throb, the one
through thelkiriiofmy doublet,
and the other through my breecbei,
and about iS nick* upon my fword
and hilt, and <(> rode to the treachea
before JuUera, where our fotdien

J Shieh «/ ibi PbiUJipUcal C6a-
rmOtr »/ thi laii Ltrd Vi/uma
B^inghrakt. £j Thoma* Hun-
ter, Fuar »f Weverham w
Cbefliirc.

THE good intention, ai well
ai the good execution of ihia
work, will naturally recommend
it to the friend] of piety and reli-
gion, which are we hope ia nnine-
rODs a body, ihat tbe work may
flatter itfelf with a general good
reception.
The author hu it feeini bad thv
niifbrtna

254 ANNUAL REGISTER, 177a

nisfortane to lofe hU fight, which in fbmewhat perhaps of «

lie modeftly pleads ats an apo- node and garb, the forgoiteaenvn

logy, for any defeats the too dif- and follies of paft times, aod tWa

corning critic may fee in his work, lies by himrelf aoheeded and oa-

We however perfuade ourfclvei, regarded, till (broe new ibphii»

tha^ the humane and candid fed and foilered opon his exploded

reader will find himfelf prejudi- errors, glories in beioji a bcw k^

ced in the favour of a man, who, ducer of the unwife and anwary:

though deprived of the greateft we cannot however quite agfcc

blefiiog of our human (late, can with our author, that the noble

iill exert his faculties for the writer nfefully and handlbncly

good of human kind ; and furely employs his reafoo and his rhefo«

there cannot be a greater Service ric in decrying fchool divinity, nor

to men, than that of expofing the that his Lordfliip's teftimony, added

futility and falfenefs of thofe bold to the church of England writen,

and bad reafoners, who, like the is an increafe of ftr^ogtb to oar

Terpen t of old, pretending to raife caufe; his Lordfliip^s objed was

and enoble our nature, and to to defiroy the reverence of oar

teach us wifdom, carry us away church, as much as that of Rome,

from that humble path of fimpli- and we believe it were better to

city and obedience, wherein it has fland wholly on our own fira

pleafed God to permit and dired ground, than to accept the trea-

that poor creature man to look cherous aflillance of fo profane u

for his falvation. hand.

While we give tyery praife to Our author, with all his xetl
the intention, and allow the merit tgainft the philofophical or irreli-
of the execution of this work, we £ioos writings of Lord Bolingbrokr»
have ilill our doubts whether thefe leems almoft of an opinion with
kind of writers, who dignify them- his Lordlhipin his political work,
felves with the Ailc of freethinkers, which, however, are fallen nearly
are not, efpecially after a time, into as much difrepute as his phi-
bed anfwered with difdain : while lofophical, and pcflibly not with-
the weaknefs of mankind, and out reafon ; there is, houever, a
their madncfs for novelty, gives a pompoufnrfs of phrafe, a fiiew and
kind of weight to thefe forts of affedlation of learning, and a ibrt
works, they feem to call for an- of glair of elocution, that feens
fwers, left a filence on the fide of at lead to excufe, if not to jullifr,
truth (hould give confidence to the admiration that his works
falftiood; bat when their novetty once excited.
IS worn off, the lefs notice is taken Our author, however, exempts
of them, the lefs they are remem- from his praife the noble Loid's
bered. political works, that were wrote for

In realityour modern free-think* the ends of party, or to gratify

ars have been but copiers, and it paflion, or fred refentment.— 'This

is fome refpeA to truth, that while is indeed fuch an allay, as we feir

ibe remains one and the fame, the leaves the noble Lord very little

f^lfe reafoner, availing himfelf of matter of praife behind,

the forgetfulnefs of mankind, gets The following extraAs will give

9 jnoDicatary credit by retailing, in idea of our aathor's manner,

aai

N

ACCOUNT OF BOOKS.

255

9t)(] enable our readers to form a
conclufion on the obfervations we
have made:

** The knowledge of human na-
ture was eafy, and clear to a mind
capacious and penetrating like
-lord Bolingbroke*s, and like his,
familiar by practice and theory, by
converfation and reading, with the
hiftory of mankind :— this is the
proper fchool of the paflionsy where
they appear not deHneated in the
lifelefs draught, and with the in«
£pid formality of « I'eclufe pro-
feiTor, or the vague or crude hypo-
thefis of fome new adventurer ia
moral philofophy, but in their
caufes ;^nd combinations^ their
workings and progrefs by immedi-
ate effe^Sy or remoter conCequen-
ccs, cloached with circumflances
and realised, and, as I would fay,
embodied by fa^ and experience :
but he faw ftili further, not only the
general current, but the particular
turnings and windings of the hu-
man paffions;— hot only their
fimple uniform operation, but
their effe^s when combined and
complicated, or when operating
opon particular parties, from par-
ticular principles or interefts, or
upon fine^e charaders and in
fingular circamftances:— and how
each, or ill, contributed to the
forming ia the views of human
wifdom,tbat political crifir* which,
according to his lord (hip's deduc-
tions, influenced the fubjed of his
prefent examination.

We muft except from this merit
of his poltttcil works, the ciTays
that were writeen to ferve the ends
of a party, to gratify paflion, and
feed his refentment. In theie he
has pradifed fome of that fubtilty
he condemns in the fchool men.
Aad after all the applaufe that is
given ^ and due to his great po-

litical fagacity, it mad be acknow-
ledged, that he has fometimes a •
refinement in his reflediohs, and
in his deriving eiFe6ls from remote
caufes, that would efcape the ob-
fervation of common fenfe, and
will be found of little ufe to the
common good ; as his building fo
much— nay the whole fuccefson a
prudence without piety, and a
courfe of nature without provi.
dence, is the bafelefs fabric of a
pofitical vifion ! and which, civil
hi (lory might have (hewn his lord-
ihip, had been by feeroing acci-
dent, to appearance the moft
trifling, demolilhed ia a thoufand
inflances.

We may perhaps, not without
reafon, apply to his lord(hip the re-
mark which Montaigne has made
upon Guicciardini: * I have ob-

* ferved, fays he, this of him, that

< of fo many perfons and fo many

* efFeds, fo manv motives and fo

< many councils as he judges of, he
' never artributes any of them to

* virtue, religion, or confcience, as

* if all thefe were utterly extind in

* the world.' — The Frenchman
adds; * This makes me fufpeA that

* his own talle was vicious; front
' whence it might happen, that he
' judged other men by himfelf.* I
wifh there was no reafon to apply
this to his lord (hip: but his confef.
fed admiration of Tacitus might
eafilv lead him to, or at leaft con*
firm him in, both his fcepticifm
concerning providence, and his ill
opinion of mankind. Hegivesyoa
a general, bat (Iriking review of
times pad, jufl obfervations on
prefent objc^s, and rational con*
jfdlures of future confequeoces:
he dates fads, balances diiferent
interelh,and weighs oppoHte pow.
ers: the genius of the feveral na^
tions, the temper of the court and

of

95^ ANNUAL REGt^TER, 1770.

€f the people are tranfiently^ yet
iFery exprcflively prefenced to the
reader; he is prccife^ yet not mi-
ll ute, as he i^ general, yet not con-
fufedy fpecnlative yet praAical, re-
fined yet rational and juft. He
jeafons with firength and calmnefsy
debates with temper, contradt^s
vith decency, cenfores with mo-
defty» and condemns with Teeming
jaftice and impartiality.

But his excellencies, as a writer,
are not confined to politics^ and
political fpecnlations : he has with
innch elegance reprefented, or ra«>
ther expofed fchool- divinity and
tnetaphyfics: his reafon and hit
rhetoric are both nrefully and
bandfomely emplojred apon this
oocafion; and fabtilties and non-
entitieaexift no where fogracefnlly,
as in his lordfhip's confotatioA of
them • The fcandalous corruptions
of chriftianity by the church of
Rome had been abundantly dif*
played by the proteftant divines,
oy thofe of the church of England
in particular; yethislordlhip's tcf-
timony to thofe corryptions, dedo-
ced from perfonal obiervation and
hiftorical records, and a particular
develope of the intrigues of em-
perors and popes, is by no means
contemptible or inconfiderable; as
Che lord Bolingbroke had no party
or paffion to Arrs by his judgment
on this fubje^, nor was prejudiced
in favour of any particular com-
munion of chrillians. His indig-
nation is here proper; his figures
magnificent, maAerly and ftrong;
and if d'Holbein is a great original,
my lord is a copier or commenta-
tor, whom few can equal. If he
is any where moft happy^ it is ia

the pidnre he has givra at, eliM
folly, foppery, fapcrftitiQa, wd
idolatry of the chnrch of J^obc:
here wa perceive he drew from tht
life, and had his fobjeA clearly
before him. The pencil pbyi ia
part in the moll admirable asa-
ner: the fiMtoraa are ftroag aai
ilriking; tba coloara glow, and tkt
figures move. The fabjeft wu ia*
deed proper, and fnited to ik
hand • fpiritual cr«th was not to be
esprefied, bnt a jgaody, aad 1
pompons ceremooial to be defoib.
ed : a temple, where marUc^
gilding, iaiaaery, architedsrc^
make 16 prinapal a fijgure; rci-
dering it a fcene, much more foiKd
for the imaginatitMi of a pnioia^
than thehabiution of a God. If hii
lordfliip ia warm, it here bcrnmn
him, and his refeatment ia pioas.
He iavdghs with propriety
enough, be^fe with jaiioe,
againft the licendonfnefa of lacfed
interpreters, and their arbitiary
pradice of giving fe many difettit
fenfes to the fame paflages of the
Bible. It muft be further cos*
fefiM, that mnch truth has bcea
(aid by his lordillip, thoagh iavi*
dioufly eaoagh 01 the corruptions
of the clergy t and as troth is al-
ways on the fide of virtue, mick
ffood ufe may be made of bit
]ord(hip*s labours, oa this fabjed:
it may much thia venerable bodj,
if at this day they had need d
teaching, that by a coodnft con-
trary to their profeflioB, they give
occafion to the enemiH of the croft
of Chrift, and arm infidelity with
the keeaeft weapons agaiatt that
church, of which they are
and aaiaifiers«"

TUl

m

CONTENTS.

+++ ^ ?-? -i ^^ ^(l.^jnj^-^.^^^^J-i^.^^K.^^+^^^^^

HISTORY or EUROPE.

CHAP. I.

Stoti tf th* BtlUgermt Pnvtri. Htfta. Csndua ef lit Neutral Pnetri,
PritaUt nBjtjMtHca tf lit laar. Turij. Firmntfi c/ lit Grmmd
Siguier. Prtiaiiiily »f a Pttut. Sfmn. Falklani't Ifiandi. Gnat
Britain. Ptrtmgai. P- t'

CHAP. If.

War •■ ihe Danuht. Siait tf iht armiti Jiirine fit ivinftr. Aiceant tf
tit nuKlriti that viirl ibtjtal ef lb* tour. * Balllr al tin ri^tt Larga,
in vMri lit Kam ef lit Tariari ii dtfidud. Grasd Fixir treffti tbt
Dtumie. Greai batlU feught bti'mttn itt Prmtb and tbt Cabul, in
m>bieb GtMrraJ RemaKKetv gaintd a lempltal viQery. Tbt T'urii fuT-
ftd It tht DaMnbtf aad ebligid le <refi ibtil rivir viitb grtat lejs. [ 1 1

CHAP. MI.

BtiUtr irfiigtJ iy Cent Ptutm. Brmit dtfinti made hj ibt garriftn a»d
■ inbabilanli. Tbt Gtvtrntr in ' fit ef dtjfair frijimi bimjtif; antbrr
tbtfim by ibt rarri/tn in bis «<■«. Clebi ef cimpriffian ; a Hid ef mint
J» ralUd by lit Rujiani. Tbt flatt taktn by fierm and burntd ; a grtal
JUnghttr tnadt, Sudxiae Tartan censlndi a Iriaty tuilb ibt Rv^nn^
GtMtrai RemoMKenti fixti bii brad jnarliri al Calfoat, atar ibi Dunnbt.
Ibraih'ui bifitgid. Kiiia Neva lain. Bialegred lakr» hy Baita laglt-
ftrem. Tntki abandon ibi ciladtl r,f IbraiUiv, afiir e ieng firgt. Tht
Tmrh bting tnlirtly driitin biyacd ibt Danuht, ihr Rnffian armill jfa
inte ni/imtiT quarttri. Wmr in Gtergia. (ao

Vol. XIII. S CHAP.

CONTENTS.

t

CHAP. IV.

I

ttujjtan ixptdiiion to the MtMterranean* C§unt OrJavf urri*uef hjhi Ma
Infurre&ion oftht Greeks ; cruelties committed hy them, . Mifitta^ Ar:alti^
and othrr pLues taken, Mffalongi taken, Corom hefiegtd. NorLsriat
taken- fatras taken, and the cafiU heficged. Several other flam
ineffe3uAVy btfi^ged. Greeks majfacred at Patras, amd the city ihrnt,
Jdoi^nctes uefeaad^ Turkijb army or rives in the Morea, Exe^ntinef
fe'veral of the principal Gresks, Mod^n h^fieged by Jea. amd Uni\
aliens between tbs bifiegers, and a body of Turks and jllbttnioni\
the ftege finally raijed. Rtffians and Greeks tetaUy fifiSreue % the Imw
retire to Na^varino, and joon after abandon the Peminfulm, Adadrel
flphinftonc's fquadron arri'ves from England, Engagements at Ju.
turkijb fleet deftroyed in the hirbour of Cifme. Captain Fa^ha beheaded,
Levant Trade ruined. Smyrna in danger, Cajile of Lemmas bejieiti\
reiieved by fiaffan Bey, Enormities committed by the runa^way juiltrt
itfad defgrters. Plague at Conflantinofle. Revolution in Egypt. Jty Bej\ [ij

•
C H A P. V.

XJnhappy ftate of Poland \ the plague breaks out in that country, Germsan,

t Qo.idud of the Emperor, Of the King of Pruffla. P ruffian troeps eater

' the territories of Dantxick, Changes im the Mimiftry at Copenho^/M,

Danijh expedition againft Algiers, Sweden, Differtnce betnsseen the Statei

ff Holland and the EleSor Palatine, [^1

CHAP. VJ.

f ranee. Sufferings of M. de Chalctais, Profecutlcn commenced agaimjl w
Duke d^Aiguillon, at Verjenlles, A bed of juflice held^ at ivhich tie

' King puts a flop to the Pro/ecution by bis Letters Patent, Condu3 of tkt
Princes of the blood. Arret of the parliament of Paris agaiufi tte D*ke,
The Kiiig iffues or, arrets hy 'u^bich that nf the parliament is annulU,
Grand deputation from the parliament to f^er/ailUs ; the King'*s anjvser*
Conduit of the other parliaments, D putation from the farliament ^
Brit any ; fwo of irs m mbers fent to pipn. The King arri'tns jaddevj
at Paris y and holds a bid of ju/li.e, at ivhJch all the papers relative t»
the prujecutioH are feiie.L and the decrees of the parliament erafed frua
the Regiflers, Violent mt,afures tuk n ^wtth the other parliesments. Ami
from the King* a council of ft ate, Diflreffs of the people from thefcareity
of provifions. Cor flea, Expeditior to funis, S teste of Italy. [47

CHAP. VII.

itatt of affairs previous to the meeting of parliameist, Ganffed difeamte^
UfOH tbt dutrmmation on the Middlejex ole&ioa. Addrejfti : Petitioms the

i§u/!tfueMH

CONTENTS.

ttnft^Mtntt af tht aidrtgii. Parliamnt mttti. SpttebfnM thi ArtmU
IDibalfi. AmtnJaitM prDfofeJ t» tht adirtfi j Affmr ef tht pttilim,
vitlmlj a^ilaiiJ : Amiiidmnt rejtlttd. Rtfignaiitni. MatitmltnJingt»
flefimt tht jui-lfiiain, in tafts af cailejlid tUaicnt ; amtaiiKiat t« tbt -so-
tif>. MoiuMimibtH^Mjio/Urd,, PfBUft. \ffi

CHAP.' vnt. 1

tUlioH/tr Ji/aiud!fjing tirlai» efficiri »f tbi rtwuie/nm wting/ir tit
tU3i»M sf Mtmbiri ef parlUmint : epp^lhn ta it: tbt matitm tvir-
rultJ. Civil lift. Rettal ef part tf ihi lait rmmiit aJf,/tr impcfing
d^iil in tkl ichaiti : duty upam tta tomlintud. AQ far regmlalimt lit
priettdingi cH tontraverttd tle^itmt. Lmdan rtwunftraiitt: plat diialttv
Addrtji i»hi, Mej'flj.

C H A P. IX.

State ef affairi in Iriltad, at ttt meting afiht una Parliamitt. Jmgmia'
lalien bill pafftd. Pri-vy (»%ncil min^-biU, rmHtd, Sappliti rmifid ill
Ibi mfual manatr. Lard Liiuttaani' i fpttch and pralifl j Perliamm pra-
ra^ntd. Canfiquiacii ib.rief. Meiiam modi bin for ibi Irifit faptrt\
midtd. MstiiH, and rifaUtiini, rtlali-je la Amiriia* affairi : avtrrt/ed.
Bill fur rrvirfing ihi adjndi<atiaai rtlalivt to ihi Middief-* lUSiem. Dt'
balit an tht an/viir to iLt rtmtHftranea af ibi riij af Lendn. Rijidutiawi
frepafid ia ihi Hiufi afhardi nlativt It tbt talaniit. King'if^ittbi Par'
iiaMinl briabi up. 85 •

The CHRONICLE. [<j

Stnbt far tbi year 1770 —— — ___ n^g

Marriagij — _ — — _ __[,-,

Pr,«npal /«»,/.-«/ _ _ _ — — _ [ , 8 (

D^tbi — — — — _ _ [ , 86

APPENDIX to the CHRONICLE.

TvM Pretafii if tbt ffa«/i aflwdi — — — — [(5*

• rbibMmbliA.idrifi,R<maaftrmtt,andPtiM,n.aftbtLi:riMajar.AidiTmn,

mmd Liviry if tbt Cilj ef LaaJen i •vi'tb bii Mjjtfly'i Aajwrr — [199
Tbi bumili Addrrfi, Rtminftra^iti . aadPtlitiim afibt lard Majtr, Aldrrmm.

»nd CemMen-CcUKcil af tht City ef Landant leiib bii Mjjtjij'i Anf'xtr,

*md tbt Lard Mayor's Rtply — — .^ ^ [301

A Littir/rem tbt lard Majsr cf the City af Landan, la tha Lardi af tbi

Admiralty — — — — ^_ jjgj

}iLtttn from iht lard, »f thi Ad-nirally le tbt lard Mayar, in Anfwtr

U ibtprtciditg _ _ — _ « __ fiox

CONTENTS.

Com of a Lftfer tranfmiited by the Lords tf thi Admirmltj U tht Righ EiM,

thtLordMyor — — » -^ ,^. — [205

^be bumble Aiidreff^ Remonfiraner, and Petition^ 9/ /be Lord Majf§r, Jiwir-

metty and Commons oftbe City of London ; 'witb bis Majefiy*t i/jr/wrrribH!.
Account of the ProceeJingi at the County Meeting at fork ^p- [206

A Letter of Thanks from the Freeholders oftbe County ofYork to Sir Cettfit

Savillct Bart, and Edivin Lafcelles, Efq ; and their rifpeQi'Vt Anf'U9ers\zvA
Account oftbe unhappy Riot at Bofton in Nevn 'Englmmd — 21 1

Cafe ff Captain Thomas Prefion — — — .. fjlj

Account of the Trial of Captain Preflon •— — — — [ztt

Account of the Trial of Mungo Campbell, f^ the Murder of Alexander larl

of Eglingioun — »— .. ^^ ^.[si^

Genuine Copy of a Letter fent by the Committee oftbe Supporters oftbe bid if

Rights^ to the Hon, Hjuje of Ajffembly of South Carolina, in JnftKer it

one from tbt Affemhly — . _ .,• ^. fl'l

Ahjlracl of an Aci to regulate the Trials of contron^ted EleBions^ or Retkrut

of Members to fi'r<ve in Parliament »— -^p» — [226

jtbJlraS of an Aci .for the better Prefemfation of the Gumt — :;;

Abjlr a SI of an Ad, for preventing the ftealing of Dogs — li%

AbftroSl of an Acl^ for re^^iftering the Prices at nvbich Corn isjold in tbejevt^

ral Count itS of Groat Britain — . — _ ^ ibid.

Ahftrad of an Acl, to prevent Delays ofjujlici^ by reafom cf Privilege tf

Parliam nt — — _ — ... — .[sjg

Extraordinary ConduB of the Regulators in the back Settlements of AVri

Carolina — — *— — _ —,[230

The Lord Mayor's ^eries in refpeSl to the Legality of Prefs Warrants [:;:

The humble Addrcs ff the Lord Mayor, Sheriffs ^ Commonr, and d /««<«#

of the City cf DuhLn -.- — — — ibid.

Supplies gra^t led by ParliaTuent for the Year 1770 — — [234

WajS and Means for raijm^ the Supplies *— »— \iyj

TATE TAPERS.

n s M (j'Jl'f nrf} gracious Spcerh to h'Ah Houfes rf Parliament, on Tutjist
tl e qto tf T.'A/f r; 1770; *v:tth t'.e humble Addreffes of both ILu/es n
ih: 0:c-J:.'.'> a *;'.'/. Mujrjly^s ry} ^>^acious /^Ujiver —*• [244

The humh'.e A.i'rrj: y' i^- k:^ht U n the Lortis Suit it ual and Temper aL ooi
Common (. in i\tritnmt'it (Jjimblcd^ pre/cntid March 23, /• bis Majefh\
nM'.th'f.'is %t*dir,. '/ A-'f •'• — — — ^ •^- [24^

A Frccla:n:.t.'c.i J,*r .-.iccur.tgfwf Seim*n to enter themfeives on beard his A/*-
jejly's Shi^s c; U'ur — — . _ .,« ^« [2^

Hit Ma;efly*s myt ^ a ieut o/^c.\h :c ho.h Ihufes of Parliament, on Satmrd^
th^ \i)ti) Day cj M ly xyyo — — — — [ajO

The hunhle AJdr^p fthe Lord Mayrr, Aider men ^ and Commons oftbe City ef
/.cf^iT, ii: C'r':mon'C(u;i:il ajemhlcd, prefentedto his Maj^fty on IVednffoSJ
Mfy ^o, 1770. CM the Binb of an a her P,inctfs, witb bss Majiffi
Anfwer — — — — .« «• £251

mt

CONTENTS.

Uh MtijtSy'i mifl gratiaat Upttcb It hetb Hvafii ef P«r!i»mtmt , ait Taefiay
tht lyb Day a/ Na-vtmier 1770 ; -wjV^ tb* bambU Addriffii »f tatb Hmfit
M ibt Qccafian, and bii M:ij;fty^s majlgratieiu Anfiutr — [»S »

CH ARACTERS.

O/tbtRjIE.mii fraPi tht Aatuvl efa'JaariitytHteSibtTia, madt by arJir

of Ibt King af France — — — — I

Stm* Atauiti afibt Tartan sfKafan, nndir tbi Gtvirmunl afRuffia — 1 6

A» Ateauut ef Ihi Wmiaks — _ , — — -_ ig
Samt AccQunt if lie Lift, Misfinunts, andCharaSir afib* itUbratid

Fa^aHrilt,'Pr:^ee'M,nx-ii,f — — — — lO

San,t AccBMnl e/ C.ual Bimm. Ian Daii tfCwrland — ~~ VJ

OflbtCtiffachi,andihcj;niatarCufiamieftbiZaferaniiauRipuh}it — 19

Of ibt anciiHl S^OHdinaviani — — — — 3»

O/Rtlla, ibe Ceirjiurir of Narmandj — — — 40

Stmt ActBUnl afihi A.higtafii ^ _^ — 43

7bi Cbaraarr efCcwftKntiiit iki Grtat — — —44

An Accaunl of ihi CircoitcsUiatis, in Africa — -^ w riy

Cf-anta.^ a/ Le:dj X\ll. 1/ Fra>,^t — -, — S'

AfiMrlCbaraatrefll'-lMtSirJafipbYritii — — ;»

Ctamict Aalc.hits of l!-i Lift aft!)i tell Ptitr Cellinfin, F.R-S. — 5]

^mtiri pfttt Reti. Mr. Ctlrgt Wbit.^ld. —» -, •,. ji|

NATURAL HISTORY.

An ixtraerdinarj C^Ji e/thrtt Piai/-iU:iUowtd ij m Girl, and di/chargtJ at

btr Sbauldtr •— if- ^ ^ 6x

^ Lttitr from the Hait. iVm. Hamiltai, bit Majffiy't £jnMf Exiraardinary

mt NafUi, la Maltbev Matj, M.D. F. R.S. cBnlainiag fam* fartbtr par.

tiemlari an Meunl F,/m-v:m,. andatbtr felcanati i§ lb, Niiebianrbaad 6<
Bflr«3 ef a Liiltrfram Mr, B. Gearb, Sargtia, af SbeUiJbani, mt»r Kar-

viicb, la Mr. Jefiph IVarnir. F.R.S. lancirni-g a MitMlar Glavft

•witb ibi Hifiary ef tbt Caji rilaiitie ibirtia ^ ^70

Oflbt diffiriil ^aalilirs afRain, labieb afpiar lafdl, t diprtnt Htigbti.

avtribefamtJptlefGieand — * — . ^ 7»

^xffrimtHli la pravt tbal tkt Lnmintmfntfi tflbi Sta mrijitfram lb* Pairt'

faSian efHi animal Snijianiii — ._ -_ 74

O/mfnrnlar Difiaft. ^tth •aibitb ticf Bulctin af ibe Reyat Htfpi'ial

aflbi invalidi in Franci viart ftmd — — ^ -jj

Tbt tafi if ihi Rtv. Mr. Windtr, wA# viv curtd hy Ligbining »f a Pa-

ralytit Difardir — — — — 80

AtctHMlaftht NiidUi, in Ibt SjU efWigbl — — 8]

4MAe(tai^t afib4Tiular Bird, v,iib u Dtjitiftianafim Indian Fariff — 8)

contents:

ANTICLUITIES.

The Thirty -fecond FabU of th^ EJJct, or the ancient IctiamdU MjtUltgyX

Of the 7 -wiliy ht of ibe G a-. -i— — — $6

The thiriy-th, n ' I'abie , t, 71 r ^"qu^loftbt Conflagration oftht World %%

Tb^ Ruffir Chapter, or ti* Magii oj Odin — ^ pi

Extradsffom the Odea K :.g Rf^ncr Lodhrojf -t^ i— «j

S^me Account of the Aifihic ManuUripa ot ibe BJcurial^ 'with 4t Tranf^*

tion cffome curious l^^jp'^gti en Arabic Pcetry — -^ ^

Prefs of the Anient r rniJ} — • — *— -^ 10|

Claufe m the SaU L 'w — — .^ .i. ics

Caje of the unh ;/y Chuhdcn — — — ^ -^ loj

Aehvanta es -zi h:ch Fteince deri'vrd from the ancient Monks •— ibid.

State ofTraae /» the %.h t:Kd g h Ctnturits — — 104

Specimeneftbc If^'t cihd Sattte of the Midate A^es — — icj

ADtfJtrtation on foduia^ the iJol of Saxcny ^ and of tbi Mnreht — 106

Anecdote of SbakfJ^eare, ne^ver printed in bu Works — — 107

USEFUL PROJECTS, tec,

A Lftter frcm Mr, J. Mrnh to Dr. Pereival^ of Manehefler^ F. X. 5.

containing a nezv Manner cf p' fParimg Salep — ... log

^ome Account of an Oif, tr nfinitted hy Mr. George Brovfnrigg, of North

Carolina. By William Watfrn, M. D. R. S. S. — — 109

Imprc^vements and Experiments in Agriculture ;— 0/" Potatoes, and the etmAZ-

ing Crops nvhich they procUiCS hy a proper Culture •*— — HI

Of Cahinges — — — I16

Of Carrots — — •— *.. 1:3

Of Lucerne — ^- — ^. ]:^

Of Sainfoine -*- — — . •« Uj

On the Number of Draught Cuttlt ufed in Tillage — ^-130

MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS.

An. cdctes of the Court of Piter furgb in the Refgn of the Emprefs Anno I?J
Three Letters, JuppCjCd to ba've ticn fwritten by the celebrated M. jVtJi-

tcfquteu — •— — — m~^ MO

Letter from Voltaire to the Duke of Valiere •— .. m

A Letter from M. Foituire to Mr, Rouffeau of Tcnloufe, conct tming a Letter

infer ted in the St, Jameses Chronicle cfjuly 1762 — •.. 1^

An Account of the noble Aqueduii rf Alcantara^ hynubicb Lffon isfupplied I50
An Ai^ount of the Manner in ivhieh the Punijhment of the Knout tuns infli&ct

en the celebrated Mudam Lupouchin, at Peterfburgh\ nvitbfome Objtr^oa*

tiont on the RuJJian PtLnljhments, arj the Effcdt theyprodute \ andjntrol

etnn!

CONTENTS.

Ftrtieulari ^altvt fe ih Bamfimtnt ef Camut LtJI*r ami tit Im^

fm Ddaucb at lit frt/i,.t King (tbtm PrintiJ af fruffSa") Cnrt at
ierg — — — — 157

fr,M tht Ahbi MilUr, tltmi^ts tftht HiJIery af EnglamJ i ^9

mllitlal*Mi/italiar,taaS\-,v-'arnCbiU — — 161
en a Stntfntt ia ibt Lain, taUid f ein forte ct dure — ]6j

>» Fiancry — — — — l6e

nlHri, ef ScarmftilaJa ; ^/aiHcul Ncvi! h yjlairt — J69
criminal Kit alicajttbt m ? unbafify. A marnl TaU — 174
( -with a Ifift na unz'ntrlu! Dtr,..nJ i« a littfanJ — l;^

atery Sfteeb iy « lul'-nr'e.-l-i T.i'ixer le ibt CuM'j ef Birtjhirt,

Jbinphn thi id ef A}, il l649._/*r «v EUa::.i ef Pimbrakt, U bt
r ef ibi Sk.rt — — — _ 1 77

Sp€tch I'fahtn fy PbiUfi iiirtert: lalt Eai-1 afPtmirait, iit. mt ft
card -il-hb m,cb CanUnI i-.-iihaur an Qaib — — 178

gead Httmeur —• -_ — _ I^q

• igii efSigiii dtBtt'ngTr^tdti — — ^ |8|

, ./ b-rif- r^rw^l.ng — — — 1 86

111 L.iitr tiihieb ivai tvriilii it ibe ctltbreltd Sir tf'altrr ReJiigh,
u:t tL-Kr,. tU.ji Stn af /«:«. J tht tirft — — 1 88

rrv f •. P'-pmar Chareiltr in Fraiici,virj mmth mtnlitatd, hat vrry
aaxia in £,igiaiiJ — — -^ _ |m

hn o,fb. Hrt>-, »nd ALuM^l ffCHya', H.rrt — ,9,

fa PiJurt, »i,w fainting 'j Sir J p-'ua Rt •.aUi — 19^.

■tnefaLiiUr.rtBubiF.rnpii^-ta It ll>i D.:;.pbia af Fraatt, tn
■irri.-^i iviib tbi Arehdiitttfi t,r Daughter — ' ^ ,gc
fiamlbi RictrdiafibeTt.'u/nafAraKiltl — ~. ibid.

POETRY.

'raiHlhi Dr.irttJ fillagei « Patm.h Dr CJdfatiti — 107
'b, AV.I- r«r. 1770. Bj IVilI,.m l:\it i.aJ, Efq; — tot
'•* ihn. Mi/s Tarii. ( afltr-uiardi La..y .lajan.J Bj btr Brctter, lit
•e«. Cbarifs Varkt, Ejq: — _ _ JbiJ,

dy-u/ilba Pr.fint afPept'i Werki. By the fat _ lO^,

in ihi MaKHir af fVailtr j ectaliamd by a Rtttipi ta makt Ink, givtm
Aalbor by a Lady. Bv thtjaint — _ ibid,

AnEtigy. J, Jabn'Gtrrard. Caralt rf IFiihycaabt ia ibtMaar,
I — — — — 30J

U fram an anfartanaU yaang GtnlUm.^a la ayaang Lady. By tbg

1.it!tn ofDr.Kiag'i Latia Efiftk, tatil'ed, Anianietii't Jd-viit lalb^
aai, conciraiKg 'be Chaise ef a Kiag, By Mr. Rufftt — a 10
' and Siiav.: Jt Fablt — — ^ ztj

Ki«gi. A Fablt — — — 2ig

Madfra CameJ:ti — >— ^ _ 1 to

. Bj lb* lait DtBar Parattl — — •- Jjq

I

C O N t E N jr s.

9

Tbi Seg^ar — — — — itJ

To the King of Pruffia^ on bis Recovery. By M. dt Foliairti trinjlmti

by Dr. Franklin — — — — I25

To tbt Mrquis de Fittette, By ibe Sami — — ibi;f.

Ode for HisMnjefly^s Birtb-day^ June 4, I770 — — 224

Ode on bis Maitfiy^s Birtb^day. Said to be nvriften by a very great Lnay et

tbe ^b offaft Jnne — — — — 2:5

A Speciiken of Saragon Poetry^ from Aubalfidal Anmales Meflemici. Dig e

Cat killed in a Do've-boufe _ — •» jbiJ.

The Horfe and tbe Olive. By tbe late Jrcbdeacon Pamd — 226

On tbrotving by an old black Cent — — -—227

Tbe Expo flulat ion : To Delia. By Lcrd G. — — 2l5

Tbe Reply > By Lady Mary S^-^^ — — — 229

Prayer to Indifference. By Mrs. G, : Found in Ricbmond GeerJrn ibid.

Henry and Sophy — — — — — 23 1

To Fear — — — — — 252

Fortune the Foundation of Fame. Traajlawd ftom Ro^ifeam — 235

Tbe Petition of tbe Fools to Jupiter, A FabU — _ 2;4

An /1t:/'w:r, in tbe Name of Lo d Ckefcrfield ^- — 2;^

A Wjl? to the North, By a Lady — — — 236

To a Rohin, ivbicb has lutey taken up his Refidrnce in the Cathedral ^t

Bnfol, and accompr.n.es the Organ <ivi:b bis Ringing ^- — - 2 ;7

Part of the loft Chorus of tbe Second A3 of Seneca* s Troades — 2^3

Fame and bis Companions. A poetical Fable. By tbt Rev. Mr. R. 235

ff^ritten by a B reiver* s Daugbtir, on her Father's difc barging bis C:a:cv^t

/or getting in Liquor — — • -^ 243

iVifdom and Health _ — *— _ 24 1

On the Death of the Marquis cfGranly — — i^:^:.

Another on the fatne — — — — it)i-.

An Account of Books publifhed in the Year 1770.

A Journey from London to Genoa, through England, Portugal^ Spain, ard

France. By Jfcp** Barretti, Secretary J ir foreign Correspondence to t^t

R')\(d Acadtmy of Paint ingy Sculpturf^ and Architeiiure. 4 *vqL 8i/j. 24a

Tie Life of Edward Lord Herbert ofCherhury. Written by him/elf. 24S

/i Sketch of the philofophical Cbaracisr of the late Lord Fifount Bolimgircke.

By Thcmas Hunter^ Vicar of IV ever ham in L'::jhire — — 253

The end.

♦3

i