•«r-^r'
McKEW PARR COLLECTION
MAGELLAN
and the AGE of DISCOVERY
PRESENTED TO
BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY • 1961
^^\^'_g^ttal^ ^rtlntr ^iattiin.
THE
HISTORY
O F T H E
PORTUGUESE,
During the Reign of
EMMANUEL :
CONTAINING
All their Discoveries, from the Coaft
of Africk to the fartheft Parts of China ;
their Battles by Sea and Land, their Sieges, and
other memorable Exploits : With a Defcrip-
tion of thofe Countries, and a particular Ac-
count of the Religion^ Government, and Cuf-
toms of the Natives.
Inclading alfo,
Their Discovery of the Brazils,
AND
Their Wars with the Moors.
Written originally in Latin
By Jerome OsoRio, Bifhop of Sylves,
Now firft tranflated into Englifli
By JAMES GIBBS.
VOL. IlT"
— - — - — — — , . ,. . — ■ ■ ■ ... I I .ij
LONDON:
Printed for A. Millar, in the Strand.
MDCCLII.
THE
HISTORY
O F T H E
PORTUGUESE, &c.
IN TWELVE BOOKS.
BOOK VII.
ALbuqjjerqjje being refolv^d to go to Or-
muz, went to Tea with a fleet of twenty- three
fliips, with two thoufand Portnguefe aboard,
befides feveral Indian auxiliaries. Buc when he reach-
ed Baticaie, Timoia the pyrate^ who had acknowledg-
ed Emmanuel for hisfovereign, came to him, and en-
deavoured to difiliade him from this expedition. * i
* am furprifed, (faid he) that a commander of your
* experience fhould choofe to carry your arms to fuch
* a diftance with fo much danger, and fo little pro-
* fpecl of advantage, when you may employ them
* here in the neighbourhood with lefs rifque, and much
* greater probability of acquiring honour and profit,
' Befides, is it not the higheft imprudence to leave an
* enemy behind you, ready to fall upon the Portuguefe
* in India, when deditute of affiftance ? If you con-
* fider the fituation and Vv'cakh of Goa, and its near-
* nefs to your fettlemenfs, you ought certainly to at-
' tack that place before you ei-nbark in any other ex-
* pedition. The prince Zabaim is an inveterate ene-
* my to the Portuguefe. He is at prefent fitting out
* twenty men of war, has a thoufand Tuvks in his pay,
Vol. II. B ' and
^>->
tv'4^
2 The History of Book VII.
* and feveral other foreign troops: with thefe forces he
* intends to fall upon, and dellroy you entirely. It
« will therefore be highly conducive to your fafety,
* and redound greatly to your honour, if you imme-
' diately attack Goa, and thus prevent the enemy's
* defigns from being put into execution. Moreover,
* you have at prefent an excellent opportunity, for Za-
* baim, fince the deceafe of his father, has been en-
' gaged in war with feveral tributary princes on the
* continent, who have revolted from him, and he has
* therefore been obliged to fend over great part of his
* forces to reduce the revoltcrs to obedience.' Timoia
at the. fame time declared he would give the Porta-
guefe all the affiftance in his power, and afifured them
he would fight for the honour of Emmanuel with the
utmoil chearfulnefs. Albuquerque being influenced by
thefe arguments, called a council of his officers, who
iinanimoufly agreed to follow the advice of Timoia.
Albuquerque fent Timoia to attack a ftrong fort in the
town of Zintacora, whilft he and his fleet failed for
Goa : but fcarce had he reached that place when Ti-
moia arrived with the news of his having deftroyed the
fort. The pyrate's fleet confided of fourteen large (hips,
compleatly furnifhed with all manner of warlike fl:ores.
The city of Goals fituated on the point of an ifland,
called Ticuarin, formed by a river running into the
fea in two different branches. This ifland is about
twenty-three miles in compafs. The city is fortified
with walls and towers, which are furniflied with great
abundance of warlike engines. The buildings are
magnificent ; the air and temperature of the climate is
agreeable ; and the harbours are fo convenient, that
many merchants fettled here, and it was then one of
the mod celebrated marts in India. The inhabitants
were men of a warlike genius ; and Zabaiam follow-
ing his father's example, greatly encouraged the exer-
cife of arms, and generally kept in his pay many fo-
reign foldiers. The ifland is able to maintain a much
greater number of people than could be imagined from
' '■ its
Fo(5kVIL the PORTUGUESE, &c. ^^
its extent, being covered with fruitful trees, and abound-
ing in all forts of corn. There are likevvife bred here
fill kinds of catde, and there is great plenty of excel-
lent water. There are five entrances to the ifland ; at
each of rhefe are placed guards to examine every one
who enters into the ifland •, writing down his name,
as well as that of his father and country, together with
the defcription of his perfon. The religion of the
people is Mahomecanifm. Their temples are grand
and magnificent -, and there is hahdfome provifion
made for their piicfls. It happened, however, after-
wards, when thi^ ifland came into the pofTcfllon of our
people, as a Portuguefe was digging the foundation
of a houfe, that he found a brazen crucifix, which
gives us fome reafcn to conclude, that this ifland was
formerly inhabited by Chriftians.
Albuquerque firfl: fent Antony Norhona, Simon
Andrade, and Simon Martin, whofe lliips being lowed
in the deck, could be rowed with oars where the wa-
ter was fhallow; He ordered them to attack a tower
which might have been very hurtful to our people.
With thefe he joined likewife George Fogozo, Hiero-
nym Teixir, George Sylveire, John Nono, and Gar-
cia Soufa, in their long boats, well manned and armed.
He gave fl:ri6l orders to the pilot of the fleet, to found
the depth of the water, to know if the large fliips
could enter the harbour with fifety. He, at the fame
time, ordered Timoia to attack another (Irong fort of
the enemy fituate on the continent, at a fmall diftance
from the ifland. They accordingly executed their or-
ders with great fpirit and expedition: fome of the fol-
diers in the garrifons were killed, and the rcO: driven
to flight. The forts bring taken, were dtilroyed by fire.
They then proceeded to Pangin, a fmall town of the
ifland, defended by a handful of men. The enemy,
as foon as they fiw our people, hafliened to oppofe their
landing. A fliarp rencounter enfued, but the enemy
was at lafl: routed -, and Pangin being taken, was burnt.
Next day Albuquerque being informed, that the water
B i was
4 The History of Book VlL
was of a proper depth, determined to fend his large
fhips to join Norhona, but being unable to fail for want
of wind, he therefore difpatched fome of his lefler
Ihips, and went himfelf in a galley.
Here fome Arabians came to Albuquerque, in a fup-
pliant manner. They faid they were of the kingdom
of Cambaya, and had come to Goa on the account of
trade-, and entreated they might be received inro his
protcdlion, as friends and fuppliants : he accordingly
granted their requeft. He then began to afk them
feveral queftions concerning the pref^nt ftate and fitua-
tion of the ciry of Goa. They replied, that the ci-
tizens were in the utmoil confternation : that the lead-
ing men were divided into two parties, one was of
opinion, confidering the fmall number of their forces,
that the city ought to be furrendered, the other was
for making a (lout refinance. Albuquerque fent thefe
men as deputies to the principal inhabitants, to ac-
quaint them, that he came not to deflroy the people
of Goa, but to deliver them from opprefiion, and to
make them tafte the fweets of a mild government :
if they would therefore furrender themfelves, he pro-
mifed to be the guardian of their liberty ; and affured
them they fhould be governed by their own laws, and
enjoy the free exercife of their religion : that he would
likewife eafe them of a third of the tribute they ufed
to pay to Zabaim, on condition they would deliver up
all the foldiers in the city. The citizens accepted of
thefe terms, and Albuquerque entered Goa the follow-
ing day, being the i6th of February 1510. In the
name of his royal mafter he took pofTefTion of th.e
city, as well as th.e fort and all the publick magazines.
The citizens took the oaths of allegiance to Emma-
nuel, obliging themfelves to be ever loyal and faithful
to his rnajefty. He found above forty pieces of large
cannon on the walls and in the magazines, befides a
vail number of a lefs fize. There were, likewife, fur-
prifing heaps of bullets, an immenfe quantity of pow-
der, and great plenty of all manner of warlike flores.
In their (hip-dock there were above forty men of war,
befides
Book VII. the PORTUGUESE, Szc. 5
befides fixteen pinnaces, and many other velTels. Za-
baim's ftables were ftocked wirh a conruicrrable num-
ber of fine horfcs from Perfia and Arabia •, and, in
fhorr, the whole city was furnifhcd pleniifully with all
the neceflaries and conveniencies of life.
Albuquerque being refolved to fix his winter quar-
ters in this place, appointed guards at all the entrances
to the city : he alligncd the care of thcfe to Antony
Norhona, made Jafper Payva governor of the fo".,
and conftituted Francis Corvinel agent for the Portu-
guefe affairs. He appointed likewife magillrates to
regulate the prices of provifions, and to take care of
the publick buildings and ftreets : thefe were to have
frequent meetings, in order to fettle every thing relat-
ing to the advantage of the community. In fine, he
omi^tted nothing which might tend to eftablifh a wife
and peaceable government. There were feveral Ara-
bians and others, who at that time farmed the taxes
arifing from imported goods ; thefe he allowed dill to
enjoy that benefit. He performed all his promifes
with the greateft honour, and endeavoured to behave
in fuch a manner on all occafions, as to merit the fa-
vour and efteem of every perfon. He took up his re-
fidence in Zabaim's palace, where there were left fe-
veral women who belonged to the king's feraglio ;
thefe he treated with the utmoft civility, and rook care
they (hould receive no infult from the foldiery. He
fenc Jafper Chanoc, as a deputy to the kings of Nar-
fingua and Vengapour, to fo!icit their friendfhip. When
this gentleman came to Bifnagor, the great and opu-
lent metropolis of Narfingua, he was received by the
king with the higheft marks of diflinclion. There
happened to be at this time fome perfons from the
kino; of Ormuz, who had come to tranfact bufinefs in
the city of Goa. Albuquerque entertained them m
the moil honourable manner ; and, at their departure,
gave them many confiderable prefc;nts. He alfo treat-
ed with the fame refpeci: the deputies of Ifmael, fo-
phi of Perfia, wli3 had likewife come to fettle fome
B ^i affairs
6 The History of Book VIL
affairs with king Zabaim. He at the fame time fent
Roderick Gomcze Carvallo, ambaGador to Ifma'-l -, but
this gentleman, when at Ormuz, was poifoned by Co-
jetar, to prevent his going to the Perfian monarch.
The viceroy next fortified the city, and made all the
unfinirhed fnips fit for fervice : he fettled the publick
revenues, and appointed Timoia to be ihe general over-
feer. Whilft Albuquerque was thusfetcling the affairs
of Goa, he was alarmed by an affair which gave him
a deal of uneafinefs. Some of the Portugucle nobility
begun to raife diffenLions againil him. They private-
ly condemned his condud, and ridiculed his whole
behaviour •, and either out of envy or rafhnefs, reviled
him with the moil fcurrilous language. By degrees
they dared to talk more openly, and entreated him not
to draw the Purcuguefe into fuch manifeft danger.
They faid the ciiy being fo large, and lurrounded by
fo many enemies, could not be defended : that they
jiad but a few troops, and in the winter chey could not
have any reinforcements. Whilft on the other hand,
the ftrength of Zabaim was formidable, and all the
neighbouring nations exalperated againft the Portu-
guefe : that the fidelity of the citizens of Goa was not
to be depended upon,havingfurrenderedthetrjfeIvcs not of
their own accord, but from necefiity. It was therefore
their opinion, thai the city ought to be abandoned ; and
that in order to gratify the humour of one ambitious
man, rhe Portuguefe ought by no means ro be given
up to be flaughtered by the moft c<uel enemies. By
thefe and fuch like infinuations there was a party,
amounting to nine hundred Por:uguefe, formed againft
Albuquerque However, he behaved in this affair with
great refolution •, for having heard that theie male-
contents were one night affembled in a certain houfe,
he broke in upon them, f^ized the leaders, and threw
them into prilon. They then promiled obedience, and
acknowledged their faults. The viceroy ftanding in
need of their afTiHance, accepted or their fubmiffion,
and reftored them to liberty. However, he afterwards
difmiffed
Book VII. the PORTUGUESE, Szc. y
difmifled fome of the mod: mutinous, Jefl if they had,
remained they might have done him more damage thaa'
they could poflibly by their departure.
Thefe diiTentions amongfl: the Portuguefe did not
efcape the knowledge of the citizens, and Zabaim by
his fpies received likewife intelligence of every parti-
cular. One of thofe princes who were attached to the
Portuguefe, fent a letter to Albuquerque, informing
him, that Zabaim having made peace with his tributa-
ry princes, had levied a confiderable army, btfides fe-
veral auxiliaries, and was now laying wafle the cities
of the Portuguefe allies. Albuquerque would have,
carried them affiftance ; but as the enemy was fo nil"
merous he found any attempt of this nature would be
to no manner of purpofe : however, he was determin-
ed to ufe his utmoft efforts to defend the city, and to
hinder the enemy from coming into the idand ; but
this he forefaw would likewife be a taflc of great dif-
ficulty. The Portuguefe were few in number, and the
greatefl part of the citizens were difaffedled ; fome of
them having been corrupted by the feditious difcourfes
of our own people, and others extremely defirous of
feeing their own king re-eflablifhed. There were like-
wife many entrances into the ifland, and thefe not dif-
ficult ; ih that Albuquerque had at this time a mofl:
difBcuk part to ad : to keep his own men in their du-
ty, to guard againft any treachery of the citizens, and,
to keep off a numerous enemy, threatening to attack
him in many places.
He fortified the entrances to the ifland by a ditch
and rampart, and placed garrifons under the command
of fuch as he knew to be men of undoub:cd honour
and bravery. The^^re was one place the mofl: fl:rongly
fortified, (which the natives called Benadar) diredly
oppofite to that part of the continent where Palatecam,
Zabaim's general, had encamped. Garfia Soufa^ a
man of great renown, was placed by Albuquerque at
this flation : he one day obferved a white ftandard held
up from the enemy's camp; upon which he difplaycd
B 4 one
8 The History of Book VIL
one of the fame colour, as a pledge of fifety to any
one who wanted to approach. A perfon then defcend-
ed froni a hill, covering the enemy's camp, and ad-
vanced towards the bank of the river, which at this
place was fo narrow, that two people might with great
eafe hold a converfation acrofs. This man accordingly
called aloud to Soufa, telling him he was a Portuguefe,
his name John Machiad, one of the exiles left at
Melinda by Cabral : that having paifed thence to
Dio, he had ferved a confiderable time under Meli-
chiaz ; but meeting afterwards with higlier encou-
ragement from the king of Goa, who taking him for
a Turk, had given him a commiflion in his army,
he had ferved under him fince that time. But not-
withftanding he pretended to be a Turk amongft thefe
infidels, yet that he had only changed his holy religion
in outward appearance, for in reality he was ftiil a
Chriftian : that therefore out of a fincere love to
Chriftians, and to thofe of his own country, he had
come on purpofe to advife them to fly from approach-
ing ruin. Zabaim, he faid, had above forty thoufand
brave foldiers under his command, together with a
large train of artillery. That the Portuguefe would
never be able to ftand out again ft fo great a force :
he therefore entreated them to depart immediately
from the ifland, left if they remained till the winter
feafon, their retreat might then be impradicable.
Soufa returned him thanks, and immediately dif-
patched a meflenger to inform the viceroy of this af-
fair. But Albuquerque treated the advice with con-
tempt, looking upon the whole as a ftratagem con-
trived to intimidate our people, he faid it would be
moft fhameful to quit the iGand before they had made
a trial whether if could be defended.
When Pulafecam perceived that Albuquerque was
fo firm in his refolution, he determined to try what
force would effc(51:. Having therefore got together his
boats, he ftationed them at the iDouth of the river,
and left they fiiould receive any damage from our
people's
Book VII. the PORTUGUESE, Szc. 9
people's cannon, he fortified the place with a ditch
and rampart. As foon as the Portuguefe oblerved
this fortiiication, they endeavoured to dcltroy it ; but
their attempt being fruftrated, they then endea-
voured to difTuade Albuquerque from this affair. AI-,
buquerque having gone out with fome of his cavalry,
and obierved particularly this ftation, he then agreed
with his officers for that time to delifl: fiom the at-
tempt, and defired them to watch with all poifible
vigilance, that the enemy might not force their way
into the ifland. He told them he v/ould fpeedily come
to their afliftance with a large reinforcement, and that
he would hkewife order thither Norhona with ftveral
fmall veflels-, fo that when they thus m.ade the attack
by land and water, they might with the greater eafe
carry the enemy's ftation. Having returned into the
city, he ordered certain fmall veffels rowed with oars
(called by the people of Goa Coties) to be got ready,
and brought to one place. Thefe, however, were c!an-
deftinely fent to the enemy, in order to enable them
to bring over their forces into the iQaand. When
Albuquerque difcovered this treachery, he was moved
with indignation, and ordered the author of it to
be put to death. Mean while the enemy endeavour-
ed to force a paiTage into the ifland with their utmoi'l
effort. But our people made fo ilout a refiftance,
that they obliged them to retreat.
Pulatecam finding he was repulfed with fo much
intrepidity, began now to defpair of gaining hispoipt
in the day-time, and therefore refolved to try if he
could effedt it by night. As the winter approached,
he thought it mod expedient to wait for a dark and
flormy night, when our people embarrafTed by th.e
weather, could not readily ufe their cannon, nor be
on their guard at all places. The 17th of May hap-
pened to be fuch a night as he wiflied for, when he
difpatched Zufalarim, a man of courage and activity,
with a detachment of one thoufand men, in boats, to
attack the pafs ofBenaflar. He likewife fent Melich
Cufforge
10 The History of Book VII.
Cuffbrge to attempt another pafs called Zancalin, at no
great diftance from thence. Bur Zufalarim, tho' he
took the advantage of the ftorm and the filence of the
night, yet was not able to furprize our people. The
night, however, was fo dark and tempeftuoi s, and the
enemy, who at orce attack'd two pafTes, fo luperior
in numbers that the Portuguefe were at lad driven fromi
their Nations, and the tntmy got footing on the iflmd.
Bur this they did not effcrd: till after a very fierce con-
tell, in which fome were killed, imonoft whom was
George Soufa. Albuquerque now renrcr' .nto the city,
together with rhofe who had been driven fiom their
flations; as he very much difirufted the loldiers of Goa,
and was of opinion that enrmies within the walls of a
city, were more dangerous than thofe in the field, he
therefore refolved to get lid of them by a f^ratagem :
he accordingly ordered them to go to defend the pais
of Benador, promifing that hehinifelf would quickly
come to their afTidance. They went diredlly, as he
cxpc6led, and joined Palatecam. After their departure
he called to an account feveral merchanrs in the city,
and inPiifted capital punifhment on one Mircazem, a
perfon of vaft wealth, who had been remarkably un-
faithful to the Portuguefe.
Pulatecam encamped at a place about two miles
difiant from the city, from whence he made frequent
incurfions. Albuquerque fent Diego Ferdinand Fario
to burn the enemy's velTcls at the mouth of the river.
This was accordingly attempted, but the enemy being
io numerous foon extinguifhed the fire.
The enemy began to batter the walls of the city,
which were now confiderabiy weakened, in eight dif-
ferent places : at each of thefe Albuquerque placed a
detachment of foldiers, under able commanders. He
at the fame time ordered a fhip to be fitted out with
ail expedition, which he difpatched to Cochin to in-
form George Sylveire and Jerom Texeir (who had
been concerned in the commotions raifed againft him)
of his own danger, and that of the Portuguefe ; and
earneftly
Book VII. the PORTUGUESE, Sec. ii
carnellly entreating them to con:ie to his afTifbance.
Thele two men, however, either piqued at Albuquer-
que, or defpairing that they could beoffervice, dif-
regarded his mefiage. Palatecam in rhe mean while
attacked the city with all his force, whilfl: our people
defended it with the utmofl: obftinacy. Antony Nor-
hona commanded the detachment ftationed cppofite
to that part of the wail where the moll confiderable
breach had been made, and withftood the enemy with
amazing fortitude. When they continued to prefs
upon him with greater fury, he made a Tally from
the breach, and charged them fo fiercely, that he ob-
liged them to retire. But in his retreat he was in the
uimofi: danger. That day the city was ftormed for
three hours with great brilknefs, but much morebrifkly
defended, infomuch that Puiatecam thought proper
for that time to draw off his forces. The following
night Puiatecam ordered his fliips to be hauled afhore,
to be repaired ; he fortified the place wiih a ditch and
rampart, and placed a ganifon of foldiers for its far-
ther defence. By break of day he made a vigorous
aflault on the whole city, efpecially on that part de-
fended by Ayres Sylvio. But at this junffure too the
enemy was repulfed with confiderable damage.
The Portuguefe were now certainly in the moil
diftreffed circumftances, being weaken'd with wounds,
exhaulled with fatigue, and afflided with all the va-
rious hardfhips of fuch as are befieged and deftituts
of fupplies. Albuquerque, though thus embarrafTed,
feem.ed to bear all with great magnanimity. He be-
haved on every occafion like a wiie and valiant gene-
ral, nor did he fcruple to undergo the fatigue of a
common foldier. He took every method to keep up
the fpirits of his men, endeavouring to give them
hopes by his encouraging fpeeches, fetting before them
the ignominy of cowardice, and by his own example
contributing not a little to animate them with refolu-
tion to bear the feverefl labour, and encounter the
mod frightful dangers.
In
1 2 The History of Book VII.
In the mean while Machiad, whom we have men-
tloned ahove, came privately to Albuquerque from the
enemy's camp, and informed him that Pulatecam had
formed a defign of burning our fleet. This piece of
intelligence Ipread a general conflernation amongft the
Portuguefe. George Cugna, Francis Pereire Coutign,
Francis Soufa Manzio, and feme others who had been
amongft the Portuguefe malecontents now again en-
treated and urged the vice^roy to confult the fafety of
his men. They faid their deftruclion was inevitable,
if the city was not immediately abandoned. Such
fpeeches as thefe, from perfons of diflindion, greatly
difpirited the foldiery, io that Albuquerque had not
more to dread from the defigns of the enemy, than
from the difcontent of fome of his own people, who
endeavoured to flir up the army to a revolr. In all
thefe difficulties, however, he behaved with great wif-
dom and tranquillity of mind. He prefer ved the
fleet by his vigilance, and kept all his men to their
duty by the fteady firmnefs of his conduct.
It happened about this time too, that Zabaim paf-
fed over into the ifland with all his forces, and pitched
his camp near Goa. Upon this, feveral Arabians in
the city, whom fear had hitherto reftrained, now took
up arms and attacked our people. Albuquerque, con-
fidering the power of the enemy, the weaknefs of the
walls, the intidelity of the Arabians, and the difTen-
tions amongif his own men, now thought proper to
retire to the fort with all his forces. Zabaim then en-
tered the city without any oppofition : the firft thing
he fet about, was to endeavour to block up our peo-
ple. The tort ftands upon a river, with a deep and
narrow channel : here he ordered large (hips to be funk,
to render it unnavigable. Then he prepared certain
machines of dry wood filled with fulphur and pitch ;
with thefe he intended to fire our fleet : and then he
imagined he could without any difficulty deftroy the
Portuguefe, when they were thus deprived of all means
of flight, Albuquerque being apprized of thefe pre-
paration
Book VII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 15
parations by a bramin, fent as a fpy by Timoia, now
refolved, if pofTible, to lead out his army from
the fort, in the filence of the night. And as at that
feafon he could not proceed to fea with his fleet, he
therefore intended to flation it in the harbour, and
thence to annoy Zabaim as much as pofTible : and at
the beginning of the fpring, to return to florm the
city with a reinforcement of men and fliips. But firft
he difpatched the pilot of his own fhip, to examine
whether, notwithilanding the precautions ufed by the
enemy, there was not yet a paflage left for his fleet.
The pilot upon his return, faid, that the enemy had
indeed funk a large vefTel in the channel of the river,
but that there ilill remained a fufficient fpace for the
paflage of our (liips.
Albuquerque had in the fort one hundred and fifty
Arabians in chains, who had been convidled of trea-
chery ; thefe he commanded to be put to death. He
ordered the women of the feraglio to be put aboard
the fhip--, together with fome Arabians, who had be-
haved with great fidelity. He took particular care too
that all the guns, cannon, ammunition, and all the
provifions fhould be fhipped. He then ordered all
the foldiers to embark, and laftly he himfelf went a-
board the fiag-fhip. All this was carried on in the
moft profound filence, nor did the enemy perceive
any thing of the matter, till they were alari-ned by the
flames of a magazine, which, being filled with pirch,
oil and fulphur, had been fired by Norhona. They
accordingly ran to the fhore in great hafle. A fierce
conteft enfued, in which Antony Norhona, Hieronym
Limic, and Emmanuel Sacerda, with thofe under their
command, repulfed the enemy, and greatly fignalized
themftlvcs by their gallant behavior-, all the Portu-
guefe got aboard, though many indeed were wound-
ed in the fcuf^le.
Thus Albuquerque evacuated the city and fort of
Goa on the 30th of May, having been in pofTefTion
about three months and a halC He then (leered to
5 fhc
14 Tlie History of Book VII;
the town of Rapander, where he determined to winter
with his fleet. Here Francis Soiifa Manzio privately
dole away, and went to fea with his fhip; but the
weaiher proved fo tempeftuous, that he could not
proceed, and was oWiged to return to the very place
whence he had let out, where he was fhript of his com-
mand by the viceroy. Zabaim having got intelli-
gence by his rpies, thac Albuquerque intended to winter
in the river, immediately gave orders that a fortified
work fliould be raifed at Bardes, the watering placq
of our people, where he Rationed a detachment of
foldier?, under the command of one Melichicuf. He
jikewife placed a ftrong garrifon in Pangin, a caftle
fituated at the mouth of the river. There was a neigh-
bouring hill, which had the command of this fortrefs,
here he ordered Pulatccam to encamp with three thou-
fand foldiers. From thefe ftations the enemy annoyed
our people, fo as to oblige Albuquerque to fhift his
fituaiion: he accordingly removed his fleet to an arm.
of the fea, betwixt the continent and the ifland of
Divar. But neither was he fecure in this retreat from
the enemy ; for they immediately raifed new works,
and began to throw their darts, and fire their cannon
upon our people. The Portuguefe were likewife at this
jundure extremely pinched for want of provifions. The
famine every day increafing, obliged Albuquerque to
fend Antony Norhona and Menaich (one of the Indian
chiefs who had been faithful) to the idand of Divar, to
try if they could procure a fupply of provifions. They
accordingly made a defcent, and brought off a few
cows, at the expence of fome blood. Some of the
Portuguefe foldiers, tired of thefe hardfliips, fwam from
ths fhips, and deferted to Zabaim^, whom they inform-
ed of the difficulties in which our people were in-
volved.
About this time Albuquerque received intelligence
from Machiad, that Zabaim had prepared feveral floar-
boats, filled v/ith combuftibles, to fire our fleet. Thefe
were to be followed by eighty fnips, which were to
attack
BookVII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 15
attrack and deflroy the Portiiguefe, when thrown into a
confternation, by this fuddtrn danger. Albuquerque
being greatly alarmed, began to confider what expe-
dient he could dcvife to keep off this impending mif-
chief. In the firfl place he refolved to try if he
could take by ftorm the caftle of Pangin, which of
all the enemy's ftations did the moil damage to our
people. This was certainly a bold, but mad defign,
with a few men and thefe almoft conlumed by a fa-
mine to venture upon the attack of a fortrefs defended
by a numerous artillery, and a ftrong garrifon. But
hunger and defpair, thefe grand incentives to intre-
pidity and contempt of death, fo Rrongly aduated him,
that he was ready to embark in any enterprize ihough
never fo dangerou:j. He fent Norhona and Simon
Andrade, with one hundred men, to the wefb fide of
the hill, where Pulatecam v/as encamped. He dif-
patched northward Simcn Martin, to guard a narrow
pafs in the road leading from the hill to the fort, that
by this means he might prevent Pulatecam from march-
ing to Pangin. To the fouthward of the mouth of
the river he Rationed Diego Ferdinand de Beja, with
a galley, and Alphonfo, Perfona with a large (hip, that
from that (lation they might play their cannon on
the enemy's camp. Thofe defigned to (form the fort
were divided into two bodies, in one of which the
chief commanders were Emmanuel Lacerda, Sebaftian
Miranda, and Nunnez Vafco Albicaflro : in the other,
Hieronym Limic, Ay res Sylvio, George Fogozo,
John Limic, and Ferdinand Petre Andrade.
The difpofition of the Portuguefe arm.y being thus
fettled, they proceeded on this expedition with fo
much filence, that none of the enemy could hear fo
much as the rowing of their oafs. They landed at
day-break, when everyone entered upon his appointed
ftation, with the mod furprifing alacrity. Albuquerque
ordered the drums and trumpets to be founded, and
the guns to be fired as a fignai for the onfet; then the
Portuguefe having raifed a fhout, rufhed with great
furv
1 6 The H I s T o R y of Book VIL
fury on the enemy, who, being half afleep, were
ftruck with fuch a panic, that they fled in the ut-
tnoft confternation. And thus the fort and camp of
Pulatecam were taken at one aflault, nor did his fol-
diers make the lead refiftance, but lought their fafety
by a fudden and precipitate flight ; for they could
not imagine that our people, when involved in fuch
dii1:refs, could have ventured on fo daring an enter-
prize, unlefs they had procured a confiderable reinforce-
ment. In this aclion about two hundred and fifty of
the enc^my were killed ; our people did not think it
lafe to purfue them to a great diftance. All the
artillery found in the fort and camp was carried on
board the Portuguefe fliips. The town of Pangin was
plundered, and all the provifions found therein were
fent as a fupply to our fleet.
This fudden and unexpe6led blow very much alarm-
ed Zabaim, and all his fubjedls. He was now ap-
prehenfive diat our people would again march towards
the city ; he therefore eredled towers, and raifed for-
tifications without the walls -, and fent Machiad with
offers of peace to the Portuguefe. Machiad, however,
privately advifed Albuqucrqje by no means to accept
of thefe offers, unlefs upon very advantageous terms 5
for he faid, Zabaim had lately received an account,
that the king of Narfingua at the head of a formidable
army was marching to inveft Taracol, a city on the
continent, which he had formerty taken by florm from
that prince. He added befides, that Zabaim was
afraid left the lliips trading to his dominions might be
iiopt by our fieet, and his revenue, which arofe chiefly
from, commerce, efpecially from the great numbers of
horfes imported to Goa from Perfia and Arabia, migl t
thereby be confiderably diminifhed. Albuquerque be-
ing refolved as foon as he could to attack Goa again,
was averfe to peace. He theretore offered fuch terms
as v/ere inconfiflent with the intereii: and dignity of
Zabaim to accept •, fo that the treaty came to nothing*
Albuquerque fpent the remainder of this winter flru^-
gling
BookVIL thePORTUGUESE, &:c. iy
gling with the greateft cifficukies ; harafled at once by
an enemy, tcmpeltuous weather, and fcarcity of pro-
vifions ; he was alfo not a httle difquieted by the be-
haviour of fome of his own people. We have ah'cady
mentioned the women whom Albuqueique had made
captives ; intending to fend them to Portugal to queen
Mary •, thefe he treated with the ftndrft honour, and
exprefsly forbid any perfon to be adm tted to thiOi
without his particular ordeis. It happened, however,
that fome of (he Portuguefe, and men of di-anftiori
too, had conceived a criminal palTion f >r the Arabian
women, and ufed to vifit them frequently in ^he night-
time. Roderick Diaze, fon to the fecretary, was the
firft contriver and promoter of this intrigue. He was
violently in love with one of them, and ufed to vific
her frequently. As foon as Albuquerque difcovered
this affiiir, he gave orders thai: he fhould be hang-
ed. But the nobility, who had been equally guilty,
went to the viceroy, and earnelily begged his life*
Their requeft being refufed, they complained bit-
terly, and ufed the moft reproachful language a-
gainft Albuquerque ; which obliged him to put them
under confinement. However, as he found himfelf
fo much at a lois for want of men, he foon after or-
dered them to be fet at liberty; but they fired with
refemment, that men of their high rank fliould have
been treated fo difgracefully, refufed to accept of this
indulgence, and infilled on being carried in fetters to
Portugal, that in this condition they might reprefent
to his Portuguefe majefty the infolent behaviour of Al-
buquerque. The viceroy, however, did not in the
leaft regard their menaces, but deprived them of their
command, and in their room fubflituted others of
equal quality.
in the mean while Machiad, who very carefully in-
quired into all the defigns of the enemy, informed
Albuquerque that Z.^baim was fitting out a fleet of
eighty Hfips, to fall upon our people unawares. The
viceroy thought it would be imprudent, to wait for the
Vol. II. C enemy.
i8 The History of BookVIf.
enemy, and therefore refolved to furprize thtm before
all their fliips were equipped. He accordingly dif-
patched Antony Norhona with ten pinnaces on this
expedition. He fent beforehand two galleys, and a
large fhip with one paroe : thefe he ordered to lie in
ambuibade near the fhore, and by all poflible means to
endeavour to bring off fome of the inhabitants, from
whom they might get intelligence of the enemy's
defigns. Having waited a confiderable time to no pur-
pofe, they proceeded till they came within reach of the
city with their cannon. John Gundiffalvo, who com-
manded the parao, failed beyond the city •, and, not-
withftanding there was a continued firing from the
enemy's batteries, returned to the galleys without
receiving the leaft damage. At laft Norhona approach-
ed wiih his pinnaces and long-boats. He had with him
three hundred men, diftinguifhed for their condudl and
bravery ; amongft whom were the noblemen that
had been put under confinement, who out of an af-
fedion for Norhona, offered their affiftanee, and ac-
companied him in the, ilation of private foldiers.
Norhona having fpied thirty of the enemy''s paraos
coming from the iiland of Divar, under the command
of Zufalarim, and, at the fame time, feveral galleys
roving towards him from the city, he divided his
fleet into two lines. One he ordered to engage the
galleys, and he himfelf with the other failed againft
Zufalarim, who was far from declining an engage-
ment. The fight was accordingly begun, and for a
confiderable time maintained on both fides with the
greatelt heat. But at length, after great numbers of
his men were flain, Zufalarim made towards the fhore :
the other fhips followed his example, and the a6lion
was renewed near the town, in fight of Zabaim. Nor-
hona purfued Zufalarim's fliip, which was driven a-
ground from the eagernefs of the chace. Simon An-
drade and his brother Ferdinand Petre Andrade, board-
ed her ; and being foon followed by three others, they
forced the enemy to flight. But as Norhona was en-
6 deavourins
BookVn. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 19
deavouring to bring afliflance to thofe brave men, and
had already got one fooc in the fhip, he was wounded
in the left kg by a weapon from the town, and fell in-
to the long-boar. In this general conflernation, whilft
every one fbrovc to bring Norhona from the engage-
ment, no body thought of affixing the five Portuguefe
in the enemy's fliip. Befides, it being now almoft low
water, the Ihip was on dry land ^ fo that the enemy
had an opportunity of falling on thofe men who were
left dellitute. The Andraides fignalized themfelves
greatly on this occafion, and defended their compa-
nions w'lih fomuch gallantry, that Zabaim himfelf was
(truck with admiration at their behaviour. As the wa-
ter was now extremely Ihallow by the fall of the tide,
it became very difficult for the Portuguefe to refcue
thefe five men. Hovyever, the pilot of Coutign'sfliip,
with feven others, undertook this enterprize ; and ac-
cordingly a long- boat was immediately got ready for
that purpofe. When they approached the fhip, they
found Bcja before them, who was extremely fervice-
able in defending them from the enemy ; fo that they
brought off the Andrades and their companions, with
great applaufc. Beja then ufed his utmoft endeavour
to tow along the enemy's fliip, but all his eiforts proved
to no purpofe. Great numbers of the enemy were
killed in this engagement. The joy of our people on
this vicl:ory was however greatly damped by the lofs
of Norhona, who died of his wound three days after-
wards. His death deeply affected his uncle Albuquer-
que, who loved him as a fon, and filled the whole
Portuguefe army with foriow and regret ; for he was
not only univerfdly admired for his gallantry and in-
trepidity, but alfo juftly beloved for his fweetnefs of
temper and benevolent difpofition.
Zabaim fent mefiengers to the Andraides, expreffing
his regard and efteem for their bravery. Pie faid he
could not behold fuch confpicuous merit without the
higheft admiration ; and, notwithftanding he was their
enemy, yet he would be ready to give them the higheft
C 2 proofs
20 The FI I s T o R Y of Book VIT.
proofs of affeclion and friend Ihi p. To this polite
meffage rhey returned a mod civil and obliging an-
fwer. Zabaim now paffed over into the continent, to
(top the progrtfs of the king of Narfingna's arms.
Thence he fent feveral deputies to Albuquerque, with
propofals of peace ; but they could not bring matters
lo an accommodation. As it was now a proper feafon
of the year, Albuquerque refolved to fail for Anche-
dive, thence to Cananor, to refit his fleet and refrefh
his men, almoll: worn out with ficknefs and fatigue.
A little before he doubled the promontory callcrd Ra-
ma, which reaches to the coaft of Goa, he defcried
five Portuguefe fliips ; four of which belonged to the
fleet commanded by Diego Mendez Vafconccllo, who
according to Emm.anuers orders was to fail for Malac-
ca. The remaining fliip was one of Ferdinand Cou-
tign's fleer, which had wintered at.Mozambique. Al-
buquerque and his men were greatly overjoyed at this
reinforcement.
Whilil thefe things happened in India, the follow-
ing tranfa^lions were performed in Africa: Nunnez
Ferdinand A.taide, having marched out his army from
Arzila, attacked and defeated Benguanem the king of
Fez's general. Several of the enemy were taken, and
many killed, amongfl whom was the general himfeif.
Vafco Coutign Conde di Borbe, and governor of Ar-
zila, likewife furprifed feveral of the king of Fez*3
generals, and carried off^ great numbers of their catile.
Barraxa and Almandarin at that time fought under the
king of Fez, and were reputed to be very brave com-
manders, and men of great (kill in war. They raifed
a confiderable army, and marched to the gates of Ar-
zila; where, however, they performed nothing memor-
able. The king himfeif foon after went at the head
of a confiderable army, tobefiege Arzila; but finding
the place {Irongly fortified, well furnifhed with foldiers,
and Hocked with proviiions, he defifl:ed from the at-
tempt. Barraxa and Almandarin, with feveral other
generals, having under their command a numerous bo-
dy
PookVII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 21
dy of cavalry, came likewife a fecond time to inv^ell
Arzila. Here we cannot but take notice of the beha-
viour of the brave, the unfortunate Ferdinand de Ca-
flro. He falhed out upon [he enemy with t!ie mofl:
uncomm.on intrepidity ; but the gates being fliuc by
the governor's orders, he was letc without with one
fervant only •, howevcT, h;^ was at laft joined by ten
more Portuguef^, who acted as fcouts. This ga'lanc
youth fpurrcd on his horfe, and rufhed into the midll
of the enemy, where he did great execution ; but be-
ing overpowered by numbers, was at Lift killed. The
reft were faved by a reinforcement fcnc f om the city,
hue they received feveral wounds in their retreat before
the enemy were rcpulfed.
The fime year George Vieira made an excurfion with
thirty- three of the cavalry, and attacked Cid Hamer,
fon to the governor of Alcazar-Qj-Uvir, who had one
liundred horfe under his command. The rencounter was
lliarp on both fides,-, but at laft Vieira, and the greateft
part of his m^en, being either killed or taken, a very few
iaved themfelves by flight. Francis Conde di Gale, who
was afterwards Conde di Viminofa, made an excurfion
with ninety horfe, and attacked a village, ?/here
he killed and took prifoners feveral of the inhabitants.
But a fignal being given by the enemy, they poured
upon him in fuch numbers, that he was in the greateft
danger: for being violently ftruck with a ftone, he be-
came in a manner lifelefs, and would have dropped
down, had he not been fupported by Alvarez de Bran-
co. Several men of diftinflion amongft the Poriu-
guefe were killed in thisadion \ however, Francis took
fixteen of the enemy, and returned vidtorious to Ar-
zila.
At thi^ time alio Emmanuel fitted out four fleets ;
one of thefe, as mentioned above, was commanded by
Diego Mendez Vafconcelo, which failed from Lifbon
on the 7th of March : another of feven fliips was put
under the command of Gandiflalvo'Sequeire, who left
LiflDon on the 1 7th of the fame month. Thefe two
C 3 wera
2 2 The History of Book VIL
were ordered for India. A third of three fnips was
given to John Serran, whrm the king ordered to
fail for Madagafcar, to make aiiiances in his name with
the princes of that ifland, and to load his fhips with
the mofl valuable commodities in the country. The
fourth fleet confiflcd of thirty iliips ; the command of
which was given to Nunnez Ferdinand Ataide •, who,
according to his inftru6lions, failed to Saffia, in order
to keep that city under the dominion of his Portuguefe
majefty. We have already given the particulars of
Vafconcelo's voyage to India. As for Sequeire, he
loft one fliip, and arrived at the port of Cochin with
the reft of his fleet in fafety. Thence he failed to Ca-
nanor to meet Albuquerque, Serran having under-
gone various hardlliips, ac frft reached Madagafcar ;
where cruizing along that coaft, he entered into trea-
ties of friend fliip vmh fome of the princes. During
his ft"ay at this phce, he found one of the Portuguefe
Tailors who had been left v/ith Gomez AbrjEO. Hav-
ing received this man into his fleet, he was informed
by him, that it would be to very li(tle purpofe for the
Portuguefe to continue long at this ifland, fince it pro-
duced nothing of value or profit. He accordingly fail-
ed for India •, and in his v^ay thither, met with much
tempeftuous weather.
When Vafconcelo came to anchor in the port of
Goa, he embraced Albuquerque with great affedlion,
and delivered him a letter from Emmanuel ; wherein
his majefty ordered him to give Vafconcelo all the aftift-
ance in his power to enable him to purfue his voyage
to Malacca. At this time a general council was held,
and it was the opinion of every one, that nothing was
to be preferred to the war of Goa, and that Vafcon-
celo ought to be prefent at an affair of fo much im-
portance. Moreover they faid, that the voyage to Ma-
lacca was too arduous an enterprize for him to venture
upon with four fhips only ; but after Goa was taken,
he might then have a greater number to join him in
this
Book VII. the PORTUGUESE, Sec, 23
this difficult undertaking. Vafconcelo accordingly con-
fented.
Albuquerque failed now for Anchedive : he difpatch-
ed Francis Pantoia to Zocotora, with a fhip loaded
with provifions ; and by him recalled the governor of
Zocotora. He fent likewife a letter to Lernos, in-
forming him, that by reafon of the prefent war, he
could not fend him the reinforcement of (hips he had
promifed. He I'ailed next for Onor ; where Timoia
waited upon him, and brought all manner of rcfrefli-
ing provifions for his fleet. Here Vafconcelo deliver-
ed Timoia a very affedtionate letter from Emmanuel ;
wherein he returned him thanks for his many fcrvices,
and alTures him of fach teflimonies of his friendfhip
and gratitude, that he (hould never repent of his fide-
lity to the Portuguefe. The ztal and affedion of Ti-
moia for Emmanueh was more and more heightened
by this letter, and he bound himfelf by an oath to be
always a true and faithful fabje6l to his Portuguefe ma-
jefty. Albuquerque failed next for Cananor, where he
had a conference with the king near the (liore. By his
polite behaviour, and friendly fpeeches, he very much
engaged his majefty*s affeclions, and ftrengthened his
friendfhip towards the Portuguefe. He fent from this
place Simon Martin Cakleir, and Garcia Soufa, with
fix fhips to fcour the coaft of Calicut, and intercept all
fliips failing to or from the port of Calicut. He at
the fame time difpatched Jafper Paiva with three fliips,
to cruize for the fame purpofe on the coaft of Goa.
He Ukewife defired of Vafconcelo, that he would guard
the other coafts of India with four more fliips. They
accordingly all went to their ftations with great chear-
fulnefs, and took feveral of the enemy's fhips : in one of
thefe were found two Jews, who afterwards embraced
the Chriftian religion, and performed the office of in-
terpreters with great fidelity.
In the mean while Albuquerque received an cxprefs
of the death of the king of Cochin ; who, as we have
mentioned above, had greatly diftinguifhed himfclf for
C 4 his
24 The History of Book VII.
his fidelity to the Portuguefe ; and in the latter part of
his life, had rtfigned his crown, and retired into a
temple, to ipend the remainder ot his days in religious
worihip. Hib fnler's Ion, according to the laws of the
country, had iuccccded him. Itv/as thecultom, how-
ever., on the death of a prince, who had abdicated
his throne upon the account Oi religion, th:it he who
haa fuccecded to his crown fhould likewife inherit his
piety, by following his example, and retire into the
fame teniple, to dtdcate the remainder of his life to
the ftudy of religion •, and that he ibould be fucceeded
by his next heir, it happened at the time when Du-
arte Pacheco was engaged in war with the zamorin,
that the next heir to the crown of Cochin had revolt-
ed from his uncle, and joined the enemy. For this
reafon he had been excluded from his right of fuc-
ceiTion, and another fubftituted in his room as nearly
related to Trimumpar. However, when the exile
heard of his uncle's death, he began then to ufe his en-
deavours to perfuade his coufin to give up his crown
to him, and retire into a temple. The king held a
co^Uitation with our people, who wou!d by no means
allow a man of (o much perfidy, and fuch an invete-
rate enemy, co be eftablillied on the throne of Cochin,
which was eiitrufled to their prctedion. The prince
accordingly rtjccled the requefl: of his coufin. This
ambitiuus youth being pufhed on by the defire of a
crown, procured an army from the zamorin, and in-
vaded the Cochinian territories. As foon as Albu-
querque received intelligence of this, he went for Co-
chin, fortified the kingdom, and left fome of the
brave ft of his troops for the proiedtion of the prince
his aliy. Thefe preparations fo much alarmed the in-
vader, that he defifte^i from his attempt for that time.
After Albuquerque returned to Cananqr, he again be-
gan hoftilities, and made inroads on the kingdom of
Cochin : but Nunez Vafco Albicaftro, and Laurence
Moreno, having marched out againft: the enemy, de-
feated them in a pitched batue, and killed great num-
bers.
BookVIT. the PORTUGUESE, ^c. 25
bers. The exile prince himfeif efcaped wirh great dif-
ficulty.
About this time a deputy came to the viceroy frcm
the king of Cambaya, telhng him his mafter had be en
informed, that Albuquerque had fitted out feveral iliips
to fail for the gulf of Arabia •, and that it would be
extremely agreeable to his majefty if one of the (hips
in their way thither would touch at the porr of Cam-
baya,. that he might enter into a treaty of frit^nddiip
widi the Portugucle. He brought likewife letters from
fifty Porrugucft*, who were detained as captives by the
king of Cambaya. Thefe men had failed from Zo-
cotora with Alphonfo Norhona ; but a ilorm aiifipg,
they were flfipwrecked on thecoafi: of Cambaya. No-
rogna and fome others, who had endeavoured to fave
themfelves by planks v/ere fwal lowed up '"n ti.e waves;
but thofe who remained in the Ihip, though in {och a
condicion,^ made fhift to get aflicre ai the falling of the
tide, and being taken by the natives, were (.arried to
the king. In their letters they earneftly rcquefied of
Albuquerque, that he would deliver them from cap-
tivity. He accordingly returned a very polite oblig-
ing anfwer to the king, and encouraged zh^^ Portu-
guefe prifoners with the pleafing hopes of liberty.
About the beginning of November, Albuquerque
failed from Cananor for the port of Onor. When he
arrived tlirre he found great preparations for the mar-
riage of Timoia with the queen of Gozompa ; and
accordingly he graced the nuptials with his prefence.
His fleet at this time confided of thirty-four fnips ; he
had aboard fifteen hundred Portugucfe, and three
hundred Indians. He was likewife joined by three
more fhips of Tim.oia : with this force he proceeded
on his expedition again ft Goa. The fudden app;oach
of our people ftruck fuch a terror into the inhabi-
tants, that they abandoned the forts of Bardis and
Pangin, and retired into the ciij in the utmofl: con-
flernation. Albuquerque being refolved to lofe no
time, immediately diipatched John and Jerom de
Liniaj and fome other officers, to furvey the city,
and
26 The History o[ Book VII,
and bring him an accour.t of its prefcnt (late and
condition. They accordingly executed their commil-
fion, and at their return informed him, that it was
llrongly fortified with a ditch and rampart, and
{Irengthened by a numerous garrifon of foldiers. Ne-
verthelefs Albuquerque refoiveci to make an attack on
Goa : and as he was of opinion, that the fuccefs of
an enterprize depends not a little on the fpeedy execu-
tion, he therefore determined to make an afiault on
the city the day following. In the fird place he form-
ed a defign, by force of arms, to drive the enemy
from their fcveral poflis without the walls; then he in-
tended to encamp his men in feveral (lations, and that
they (hould keep a continual firing upon the walls till
a breach was made, whereby they might force their
way into the city : but the affair proved not fo difficult
as he imagined, as we fhall fee by the event. That
night he fent before fome of the galleys and lower-
deck'd fliips, with orders to play their cannon on the
city without intermifiion, that by this means the ene-
my might be kept without fleep, and our people might
attack them next morning with this advantage. Al-
buquerque and his officers accordingly went aboard
their long boats before light, and with the greateft
iiience landed their men by day-break. He himfelf
with five hundred Portuguefe, and three hundred In-
dians, attacked the northern flation ; whilft fome others
of his commanders fell upon that near the fhore. John
and Jerom de Lima, Lacerda and Beja, with about
three hundred foldiers, made a furious onfet on the
Ration near the city. Vafconcelo and Paiva, with two
hundred men, went againft that in the middle. The
Andrades, Ay res Sylvia, and fome others were fent to
diflodge a party of the enemy (lationed near a narrow
arm of the fea, called Timoia. The enemy difcharged
their artillery on our people, and endeavoured to re-
pulfe them : but all their efforts were in vain ; for the
Portuguefe, not at all dL^rerred by the multitude of
fe'^apons poured upon tl em, rufhed on the enemy with
great
Book VII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 27
great forward nefs, and drove them from their ilatlons.
One of the enemy's officers was pofted with a referved
body of men at the gate of St. Catharine, fas it was
called by our people) in order, if occafion required it,
to fuccour thofe who were Rationed wirhout the walls.
As foon as this man perceived his friends fo warmly
pufhed by our people, he Tallied out tiom the city wiih
a frefh body of troops. The arrival of this reinforce-
ment gave great fpirits to the enemy, and the engage-
ment became fevere and bloody. The Portuguefe,
however, at laft, by their undaunted bravery, overcame
fiiperiority of numbers, and obliged the enemy to re-
tire; who when they reached the gares endeavoured to
/hut them, but our people prefTed upon them fo clofcly,
that they were unable to accomplifh their defign. For
Dionyfio Fernando Melos, who was next the enemy
in the purfuit, by thrufling in a large fpear, prevented
the gates from being fhut. Several others of the Por-
tuguefe, when they came up, followed his example.
The enemy, however, ftill ufed their utmofl efforts to
fhut the gates ; for in this their fafety entirely depend-
ed. The Portuguefe, on the other hand, were con-
fident they fliould be vidorious, if they got admit-
tance ; for this reafon they exerted themftlves no lefs
ftrenuoufly to keep the gates open. At lalt they gain-
ed their point •, for thirteen of our people next the
gate, having obliged the enemy to give way, rufhed
into the city with amazing intrepidity. The enemy
in their retreat very much annoyed them with their
darts and arrov/s. Several of ths inhabitants alfo pelt-
ed them with flones from the tops and windows of
their houfes. In this difti-adion they were likewife at-
tacked by fome ftrong parties of the enemy ; but Ay-
res Sylvio, Mendez Alphonfo Tingiran, Fernando Pe-
tre Andrade, Emmanuel Cugna, and Antony Gar-
cefio, coming up to their afTiftance with a troop of
horfcj the fight; was then renewed with frefh vigour,
and the enemy at lafl driven to flight. Some flickered
themfelves in the houfe of Zabaim, and the reft fled
many
28 The History of Book VII.
many different ways ; hence our people were very much
fcattered in ihe purfuit. About twenty of the Por-
tuguffe having followed thofe who had taken to Za-
b im's hojfe, were in the utmoll: jeopardy. The ene-
my attacked them at their entrance with uncommon
fury. Vafco Fonieca, and Vafco Caelo rufhing in with
too much precipitation, were both killed. Jerom de
Lima, after having been quite fpenc by fatigue and
lofs ot blood, fell likewife in this affair. The fate of
thefe brave men deterred the reft, and made them re-
treat ; but at the inftigation of Mendez Alphonfo,
and Ay res Sylvio, the Portuguefe made a fecond at- ^
tack with fo much ardor, that they forced their way
jno the houfe, and killed feveral of the enemy there.
John de Lima was overwhelmed wi.h grief at the fight
of his brother in the agonies of death. Jtrom per-
ceiving this, ' Brother (faid hej allow not yourfelf to
* be thus moved by an unmanly forrow, whilft you
* ncgledl to perform the duty of a gallant foldier.
* Giieve not ar my fate, for 1 die with pleafure, fince
* by my fall I have given a publick teftimony of my
* fidelity to my king and country.' John being ani-
mate d by thefe words of his brother, now paft reco-
very, pufhed on furioufly amongft the enemy with a
refolufion to revenge the death ot fo dear a relation.
Oppofite to Z-i bairn's houfe there was a fpacious
plain, and a hill almoft adjoining. In this place fome
of our people were engaged with a party of the ene-
my, when of a fudden a confiderable number, both
horfe and foot, ruQfrng out from Zabaim's houfe,
which vvas v.-ry large, lurrounded the Portuguefe, and
would certainly have cut them all to pieces, if Vaf-
concelo had not C(ime up with a timely reinforcement.
At his entrance into the city he had drawn up his men
in battle array, and drove tine enemy before him in
liich a manner, that he never allowed his foldiers to be
put out of order. He attacked the enemy, who
thought proper to retreat to the neighbouring emi-
nence j but when they obferved from thence the fmall
number
BookVIJ. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 29
number of the Portuguefe, they returned to the fight
with great fury. Our people being overpowered by
numbers, retired by degrees towards Zabaim's houfe,
and planted themfeives on a large flight of flcps ad-
joining thereto. Here they with!tood the fh )ck of
their adverfaries for fome time, rill at laft, having, as
it were, acquired a frcfh degree of fpirits, they re-
newed the charge with furpriiing intrepidity. In this
onfet feveral of the enemy were killed, amongfl; thefe
there was an Ethiopian, a man of high rei;own for his
bravery, who belonged 'to the cavalry. When [his
perfon fell, Emmanuel Lacerda's fcrvant feized his
horfe, and brought him to his mafter. In this ren-
counter Lacerda himfelf received a drfperate wound in
the jaw from an arrow, which broke and left its iron
head in the bone ; there followed immediately a vaft
eTufion of blood, and he fufftred the mofl: tormenting
pain : yet this did not abate his ardor; for as foon as
he got on horfeback, he fingly attacked eight of the
enemy's cavalry, and drove them to flight. The fierce-
nefs of the enemy began now to flackcn a-pace, for
they made but a faint refinance ; and at hi\ their fpi-
rics quite failed them, and they fought their fafety by
open flight: f ;me were in fuch defpair, that they threw
themfeives headlong from the walls.
Mean v/hile Albuquerque, who had marched witli
a body of men to attack a ftation at a confiderable di-
Itance from ths fhore, was now advancing towards the
city, and had taken pollcfljon of an eminence. From
thence he heard the noife of the cannon, the fhouis of
the men, and the fhrieks of women ; he therefore im-
mediately dilpatchcd a meiTenger to get intelligence
how affairs flood. But the eager ne'^. and impatience
of Albuquerque did roc permit him to wait his return,
for he marched towards the city with all poffiblc ex-
pedition. There he met with feveral parties of the
flying enemy, who, fired wiih indignation at their late
defear, and now quite defperate, upon finding them-
feives flopped in their retrear, they k\l upon Albu-
querque
30 The History of Book Vlf.
querqne in the mod furious manner. The viceroy's
men were ipurred on by the highe(t emulation *, and as
rhey had not lliared the honour of the vidlory gained
in the ciry, they were now refolved not to be oucflrip-
ed in courage by their triends, and accordingly fought
with the mod incredible ardor. The greated part of
the enemy were killed in this a6lion, and the remain-
der favtd tlicnifclves by flight. Albuquerque, at his
entrance into the city, ordered thankfgivings to be of-
fered up for this extraordinary fuccefs : nor indeed
could there be a more manifed inftance of the divine
interpofuion than this, that a city fo ftrongly fortified
and defended by fuch a numerous garrifon, fliould,
within the fpace of fix hours, be taken by fo fmall a
number. The thing becomes dill more wonderful,
when we confider with what obdinacy the enemy
fought. Some of them behaved with fo much gal-
lantry in Zabaim's houfe, that our people, druck with
admiration at their intrepidity, not only offered them
life and liberty, but alfo promifcd to reward them as
their hi2h m.erit deferved : but thefe men chofe rather
to die on the fpot than receive life from their enemy,
which to them appeared the highed ignominy. There
were above three thoufand men dain in the city. The
Pprtug'jefe lod only about forty j amongd thefe were
Jerom Lima, Vafco Fonfeca, Cofmo Caelo, Antony
Vogado, Antony Garfeco, Alvaro Gomeza, and Pe-
tre Gomez de Lima. They had likewife above three
hundred wounded. Albuquerque being afraid led his
men, fludied with fuccefs, fhould puifue the enemy,
and thus draggling in a confufcd manner, fliould per-
haps fall inro fome ambufcade •, he therefore thought
proper to order the gates to be fliut.
' Soon after this victory, Timoia came to Goa with
tliree thoufand men. He made fuch an excufe for his
delay, as entirely fatisfied A^lbuquerque •, and indeed
the fhorcnefs of the time in v/hich the vidory was
gained, m'ght alone have been fudicient to clear him
from any fufpicion. Nothing iiad been left in the city
but
Book VII. the P O R T U G U E S E, &:c. -31
buc what was proper for its dtfence •, fo that the booty
confiiled chiefly ol: artillery, warhke itorcs, and a con-
fiderable number of (liips. The viceroy ordered all
the Arabians to leave the city : fuch, however, as were
not of the Mahometan religion, he allowed to remain
in the iiland, on condition cliey Hiould pay the fame
tribute to Emmanuel they had done to Zabaim. He
then publifhed an edid, wherein he granted a free trade
to all merchants willing to import horles, or other
commodities into Goa-, and aifured them of protec-
tion from all injury. He dilpatched Emmanuel Cug-
na to take upon him the government of the fort at
Cananor, in room of Roderick Rabelo, whom he ap-
pointed governor of the fort of Goa. He ordered
Petre Fonleca de Caftro, Antony Sala, and Fernand
Petre Andrade, to cruize near Goa, to be a guard and
protedion to all fhips bound for that port. He fent
likewife George Botel, and Simon Alphonfo Bifacut,
to intercept all fhips trading to Calicut. They ac-
cordingly entered upon, and executed their refpe6live
commilFions with great expedition. Andrade having
fpied at fea a (hip belonging to Ormuz, gave her chace
becaufe fhe would no flrike. She took to the port of
Dabul, where fhe foundered. The governor of Da-
bul difcharged his artillery upon Andrade, from a
tower which commanded the harbour. But he hav-
ing landed his men, took the tower by ftorm, which
he demoliflied, and carried the artillery aboard his fhip.
Botel likewife attacked and took a large Arabian fhip,
where he got a confiderabie booty.
Albuquerque now fettled the pubiick revenues and
taxes, and eitablifhed a government on wile and falu-
tary laws. He next fct about another grand and no-
ble undertaking. In this indeed he went contrary to
the opinion of many of the Portuguefe, and particu-
larly of Almeed. And it may not be improper, if we
here briefly fet forth the different fentiments of thefe
two great commanders. Both were certainly men en-
dowed with true greatnefs of fojU and amazing cou-^
rase.
32 The History of Book VII.
rage ; both purfued the fame noble ends ; bo:h had
at heart the glory of their religion, and the honour of
their royal mailer ; and for this purpofe, either would
have facrificed his life with the utmoll chearfulnefs.
But they differed from each other in this refped: : Al-
metd thought it extremely unfafe to aim at ftorming
cities •, fmce by dividing their [Irength this would cer-
tainly weaken the Portuguefe. It was therefore his
opinion, that our people ought to keep at fea ; for if
they had the fuperiority there, they would have all In-
dia under their command. The fca was Almeed's on-
ly concern, and if there was only one fafe ftation
where the fhips might winter, this alone he thought
would be fufiicienc ; for he thought it impofilble,
that fuch reinforements could be fent every year from
Portugal, as were neceffary to garrifon the forts. And
he concluded it to be almoft a crime for any one to
venture upon a fcheme in this manner, to divide the
Portuguefe, who when united in one body, would al-
ways ftrike terror into their enemies.
Albuquerque had more unbounded hopes; he not
only had an eye to their prefent fecurity, but alfb
planned in his mind the foundation of a grand and
lading empire in the eaft. Nor did he think the fend-
ing every year large quantities of fpices to Portugal,
was an affair fo worthy of his attention, as that of en-
larging and fixing the fovereignry of Emrnanuel, And
as they could not have fupplies but at fo great a di-
flance, he therefore refolved to plant colonies of the
Portuguefe in many parts of India, that in procefs of
time they might be able to levy armies in that coun-
try. He thought a dominion at fc^a alone would be
very inTufiicient, for one ftorm might deffroy their
whole force •, whereas if they were mafters by land,
this would likewife fecure their power at fea •, for if
any misfortune (hould happen to their f^eet, they would
then be enabled to repair it, and would quickly reco-
ver their naval (Irength : that it would alfo be ex-
tremely dangerous for the fieet to be (hut up in one
2 itatioa
Book VII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 3^
flation in a country, where perhaps the foil being bar-
ren, was unable to fupporc an army in winrer quarters.
Thofe perfc ns, therefore, who ihonght Cochin or Ca-
nanor woliIcI he fufficient for the Portu2;uere amidll:
fuch a number of enemies, fo bent on their deftrudion,
feemed to him to have very Htcle regard for futurity;
fince one ftation, though never fo ilrung, would ava I
little, unlefs they could fend fupplies from miny quar-
ters. The taking poficlTion therefore of many places
was, in his opinion, not to weaken, but enlarge the
naval power : for if they had many Itations and re-
treats, the fleet would then go to f.a with lefs danger,
and they would have a greater quantity of materials
for buikiing or reEting their fhips. In iLort, as Al-
buquerque had in his view the perpetual poUcirion of
India, he therefore refolved to procure wives for the
Portuguefe, in order to raife an ort^pring, that by this
means they might in time have fuch a recourfe in In-
dia, as not to depend entirely on the fupplies fent from
Portugal, who, in the courfe of fuch long and danger-
ous voyages, were often cue off by dillempers, or
fwal lowed up in the waves.
The wifdom and forefight of this great man was
certainly extremely ferviceable to the Portuguefe ; the
happy effects of which appeared many years after his
death. For when Solyman the grand Turk, fent the
governor of Egypt with a formidable fleet (o drive the
Portuguefe from India, he befieged the citadel of Dio ;
a:.d, notwithflianding he met with a very warm recep-
tion, and was vigorouQy oppofed by our people, yet he
continued the fiege m.iny d.iys with gicat vigour -, nor
would he havedt-fiued Irom the attempt f ) ioon, had he
not been informed, that a poweilul fquadrtin was com-
ing from Goa. Nor would the king of Cambaya, who
at another time, with an army of Turks, befieged the
hnrc place for fix months have been [o rafily ovt^r thrown
by John deCaftro, then viceroy of India, had it not been
ov/i jgto the numerous and 'irnely fu pplis lent from God ;
fjr this colony became in time fo great and numerous.
Vol. II. D that
34 The History of Book VII.
that it could raife armies, and fend forth fleets. This
arofe entirely from the prudent managemenr of Albu-
querque who took fo much pains to lay Rich a foun-
dation as could not be eafily fnaken. He took feveral
women captives in India : thefe he treated with the
higheft refped; and having initiated them in the Chri-
(lian religion, he gave them in marriage to his foldiers,
to whom he allotted fettlements in the ifland of Goa,
and endeavoured to make thefe marriages happy by
all manner of favour and encouragement. Thus, like
Romulus, who founded the city of Rome, or The-
feus, who forced the Athenians from the country into
the city, he might alfo be (tiled the founder of that
city which he had won by his intrepid behaviour.
In the mean while the following exploits were per-
formed in Africa. Ataide, w-ho held the government
ofSaffia, having made frequent cxcurfions againil the
Moors, put them into great confternation, and drove
off their cattle in vaft numbers. There was one Moor,
whom the reft held in the higheft efteem, nay almoft
gave him divine honours, becaufe of his great reputa-
tion for religion and fandlity of manners. By way of
diftinclion he lived in a ftrong caftle, This Ataide
took by dorm •, he killed many, and made many pri-
foners, amongft whom was this religious Moor. In
■fiiorr he fpread fuch a terror amongft them, thai all the
neighbouring towns, villages, diftrids, and provinces,
fued for peace, and became tributary to EmmanueL
But as the Moors are a deceitful people, and bound
by no ties of religion, thofe who had (urrendered being
influenced by th(^ reft of their countrymen, broke the
treaty, and again raifed a war againft our people. In
a lit le time they got together an army o\ three thou-
sand hcrfe, and one hundred thoufmd foot. The 13th
of December 1510, they marched toinveft the cicv of
Saffia, and 0*1 the 2 jd they pitched their camp, and
began to make preparations for the fiege. As foon
as Ataide got intelligence of their cafg s by his Icouns,
he fent letters of adviceto Emmanuel, and at the fame
lime
Book VII. the PORTUGUESE, &c; 35
time difpatched a (hip to the Madeira's, to defire a re-
inforcement from thence. Simon GundiiralvoCamara,
the governor of this illand was at. that time aiMcnr,
being in Portugal with his majefly. H:s wife, howe-
ver, a woman not a hrtle refembling her hufband in
adivity and greatnefs of foul, with great expedition
and expence, fitted out auxiharies, and fent them to
Saffia, under the command of Emmanuel Norhona
firrt coufin of Camara.
Ataide difpolcd his men into proper flations under
the command of the moft experienced officers, and
omicied nothing that was the duty of a w.itchful [yQ-
neral for the defence of the ci:y. He likewife rcferved
to himfelf a body of fol'.iiers •, with tht-fe he inten Ird.
to affill and fupport thofe quarters which were mcfl;
warmly preffed by the enemy. And, the better lo ob-
ferve the enemy's motions, he marched out of the city
with three hundred and feventy horfe, one hundicd
foot, and fome artillery •, and took poiTelTion of a
hill. From thence he gave a fignal of battle, ro f::e
if the enemy would come to an engagement. But as
they did not advance, he again withdrew his men into
the ci.y. On the 2.4 th of the fame month, they
began to ftorm the city. The aiTault was carried on
with uncommon vigour: for the enemy was numerous^
and thtir men fought with remarkable courage, being
not only encouraged by the prefence, but alio ani-
mated by the example of their nobility and com-
manders, who ruilied to encounter danger wherever
it appeared, and fought wiih amazing intrepidity.
Tncy began now to apply their fcaling ladders, and
approaching under their covered g.dleries, thtyb,tttered
tiie Walls, and endeavoured to deftroy our people by
thro-ving in upon tliem vafi quantities of javelins and
Oihfr miffive weapons. The Portuguefe, however,
def-ndc'd the city wiih great refolution, and made con*
f derabie havock with their bombs and red hot bullets.
I'hey killed that day above four hundred of the be-
fiegers. The foilowing day Acaide fee out with only
D 2 eiahc
36 The H I s T o R y of Book Vlt.
e"ght of the cavalry, to try if he could take by fur-
prize any one of the enemy, from whom he might learn
their defigns. But being difcovered, he could not ac-
compli(l:i his intention"; and after having killed two of
their men v^ho attacked him, he returned to the city.
The enemy being convinced they could not carry
on the fiege for any confiderable time, by reafon of
their numerous army, which it would be almoll im-
poiTible to fupport •, they therefore refolved to exert
thcrir whole force in one general alTault. Accordingly
on the 3o:h they afTailed the city with the utmoft
fury, pouring upon the befieged a multitude of darts,
and attacking the walls in all parts in fo refulute a man-
ner, that many of our people being feized with a pannic,
deferted their ftauons. The enemy would certain-
ly have carried the place had it not been for the
vigilance and adlivity of Ataide, who, wherever he
obferved the attack to be fierceft, there he immediately
repaired : nor did he ever fail to fupport his men when
giving way, calling aloud to them in the moft encou-
raging manner, and animating them with the example
of his own gallantry and contempt of danger. Having
perctlved the greatefl heat of the afTault to be in that
part of the walls next the fe:i^ he flew to the relief of
his men there, and by the bravery of his own hand,
contributed not a little to repulfe the alTailants from
that quarter. The enemy, however, in the mofl un-
daunted manner fcaling the walls in one part, and in
another applying their battering machines, they feemed
determined at all hazards on the maftery of the city,
and the entire deflrudion of our people in the fame
day. Buc notwithftanding all their efforts, they were
withflood with fo much obftinacy, that after a fform
of fix hours, without intermiffion, they defifled from,
their attempt. Above fix hundied of the enemy perifhed
in this affair. The mofl: of their army being difheartned
by f ) vigorous a repulfe.quirfed the fiege in a precipirate
manner. They moved their camp on the 31ft of De-
cember, and m.arched off in fo much confufion, that
4 it
Book VII. the PORTUGUESE, &:c. 57
k might rather be called a flight than a decampment.
Ataide purlued them with four hundred horfe and
one hundred foot, and having come up with their rear,
he killed fome of them, and made a few prifoners.
He was afraid, however, to continue his purfuit, left
the enemy, relying on their numbers, might hav^e ral-
lied their forces, and attacked him when thus fepa-
rated from his main body.
The fiege of Saffia being thus abandoned, many
of the neighbouring Moors again furrendered them-
felves to the Portuguefe. Ataide, though a man of
the mod active fpirit, and always contriving fome
fchetne for the annoyance of the enemy, yet thought
proper to defer any fcheme of this nature, till that large
body of the Moors was diibanded. Having received
intelligence of their difperfion, he then refolved to make
&n excurfion againfl the enemy. And being informed
by a certain Moor that there were five ftations of the
enemy about four miles from Almedin, a ftrongtown in
Morocco, thirty miles north from Saffia, he formed a
defign to fall upon them unawares ; and accordingly fee
outfor that purpofe on the 2d of January 1511, wih
four hundred and thirty horfe and one hundred foot.
He reached the place in the dead of the night ; but
finding none of the enemy there, (for they often change
their quarters) he difpatched his fcouts to get intelligence
whither the Moors had moved to. At their return they
brought him word, that the enemy were about two
miles from thence. He therefore difpatched Emmanuel
Norhona (whom we mentioned above to have come
to the relief of Saffia, in his coufin's abfencc) with
one hundred and eighty of the cavalry, to keep the ene-
my in play till the main body canie up. He ordered
likewife Andrew Caldeir, and John P>eire, to tollowr
him with a body of foot, in order to affift him when
there was occafion. But Norhona, hurried on by the
heat of youth, and an immoderate dcfire of g'ory,
was unwilling to wait for this reinforcement, and ac-
cordingly prcfled forvyard with lo much expcditioi-;,
P 3 that:
^8 The History of Book VII.
th:at he left them at a confiderable diftance. Ataide
having been informed of this, fcnt Emmanuel Cer-
vario with thirty horfe to bring back Norhona-, for he
was extiemely apprehenfive that this youth would
run headlong into fome imminent danger. But Cer-
vario, when he came up with Norhona, found him
am'dft the thickcft of the enemy. He therefore im-
mediately fcnt an exprefs to inform A'aide that the
fight was already begun with unufual ardour.
Ataide having receWed this intelligence immediately
haftened to iheir afliftance with fifteen horfe, and
O'dered Alvare Ataide to bring up the remainder of
the forces with all poflible expedition. In the mean
time, Norhona and his men were in the utmod danger.
Alvar Roderick Azeved being run through with a
fpear, wa§ killed on the fpot. Bernard Emmanuel
likewife receivejd a grievous wound, and fell from his
horfe. The Moor who knocked him down, feized
his fpear, and fought with it againfl our people with
remarkible courage. But George Mendcz Ataide of
Algarve, rode up againft this man with io much ra-
pidity, that he difmounted him, and foon after dif-
paichcd him. Bernard Emmanuel, who performed
wonders before he received the wound, was now helped
u|^n his horfe, and thus carried ofFalmoft lifelefs. He
was a man of great reputation, but this he had ac-
quired more by the bravery of his hand, than the wif-
dom of his head. This engagement, though begun
and conduced with rafhnefs, yet had a happy iffue ;
for the enemy were routed and put to flight before
Ataide came up -, many were killed, many taken pri-
fon.rs, and a considerable booty was carried off.
Ataide being now com.e up, had fcarce joined Nor-
hona when he perceived a numerous body of the
Moors approaching : he accordingly drew up ali his
force in battle array. The enemy made the like pre-
parations, and feemed eager for an engagement. Their
army confifced of four hundred hone and one thou-
land foot. Thev began the onfec wiih fo much fury.
Book VII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 39
that they had almoft broke through the rank<; of our
people. Ataide's horfe being wounded in three dif-
ferent places, he was obliged to retire to get anocher.
Mean while the ftones, javelins, and dares were Bying
from all quarters ; the horfes with the pain of their
wounds made a mod horrible noifcr, and many of them
dropped down dead in the field. When Ataide re-
turned to the engagement, he found two of his men,
who had been difmounted, fighting afoot with great
bravery •, thefe he refcued from a crowd of the enemy,
who had furrounded them. The fighr continued for a
confiderable time with uncommon hea?-, and the vic-
tory fcemed to incline to neither fide \ till at Jaft Ataide
calling aloud to his foldiers, fpirited them on to fuch
a degree, that they prefiTcd upon the enemy with the
moll: intrepid boldnefs-, and having at once killed above
three hundred, they drove the rcit to flight, Ataide,
however, declined purfaing them, left, as was com-
monly the cafe, being in their retreat lirengthencd by
reinforcements from other parts of the country, they
fhould again turn upon him, and aitack his men pur-
fuing them in a diforderly manner ; he therefore chofe
rather to return with his booty. But as the city v/as
fo far diftant, before he could reach it, the enemy re-
covering from their fright, came upon him in a con-
fiderable body. Our people, however, though with
difficulty, withftood the fliock, and preferved their
ranks, notwithftanding the enemy charged rhem wi:h
the mod intrepid fury. Ataide found himfelf fo in-
volved in difficulties, that he could not extricate his
men without leaving all his plunder and bagi^age. In
this excurfion and retreat, thirteen of the i\orrugucre
were killed; fcventeen of their -^horfes were likewiie
dedroyed, befides thirty more, which being unable to
travel, Ataide ordered to be killed, that they might
not fall into the enemy's hands.
The fame year Ataide having received intelligence,
that there v/ere five and twenty troops of the enemy
about thirty -two miles from Saffia, he refolved to at-
D 4 tack
40 The History oF Book VII.
tack them. But as there were many Jews and Ara-
bians who had come into the city with merchandize
and provifions he ordered the gates to be (hut, and
ctniinels to be placed, that none of thefe people might
efcape to inform the enemy of his defign. He fet out
a little before dark, on the 23d of October, with four
hundred horfe and five hundred foot. He marched
all night with the greatefl filence, and arrived at the
intended place by day-break. He fell upon the ene-
my unawares; and having killed and taken prilbners
above eight hundred, he fet out again on his return
with fuch a confiderable booty of cattle, that it reach-
ed in length the fpace of two miles. Araide, how-
ever, as he had a confiderable way to march, and the
roads were rugged, was afraid the enemy might fall
upon him when thus encumbered with fuch a number
of cattle, and therefore he thought it expedient to
leave the greatcft parr, and accordingly proceeded with
the remainder. As he marched along he received in-
formation, that three hundred horfe had fet out from
Almedine to attack him ; he therefore placed all the
baggage and cattle in the middle of his army, and
ibergthened the rear, in order to receive the enemy.
The Moors accordingly having come up with the laft
part of his army, made a mod: furious attack, but they
met with fo warm a reception, that they durft not ad-
vance farther ; and Araide having received no more
annoyance, entered the city of Saffia with all his men
in the dufk of the evening. The neighbouring Moor$
having thus received many terrible blows, now fued
for peace, and acknowledged Emmanuel for their
prince. Many of the villagers, as well as thofe who
lived on the mountains, and feveral of the towns and
provinces, fubmitted at this time to the Portuguefe,
and agreed to pay an annual tribute to Emmanuel.
The gjeatefl part of the tribure confided of corn,
wi;h which they obliged themfelves to furnifh the Por-
tuguefe. In fliorr, all (he enemies of Emmanurl were
now liruck with fo much terror, that tht^ Moors who
lived
Book VII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 41
lived in Morocco became frightened to the highefl de-
gree; and for their fafety retired to more remote coun-
tries: thofe only lived fecurc and eafy in their pofTcf-
fions, who where allies or tributaries of Emmanuel.
In all thefe affairs whether civil or military, Jehaben-
taf was extremely ferviceable. This man, as we have
mentioned above, having been pardoned by Efnma-
nuel, was afterwards highly honoured and refpeifled.
But to return ro the affairs intheEaft, it will not, we
hops, feem improper, if we here givefome account of
what happened to Lemos before he arrived in India.
Having paffed Cape Guardafu, he fleered for Ormuz.
Upon his arrival, he fent a meffenger to the king, to
inform him, that he was come there by the command
of Emmanuel, and was ready to give all the afTirtancc
in his power to promote the fecurity of the ifland, and
the dignity of his perfon. He alfo intreated him to
bury in oblivion all the injuries received from Albu-
querque, and henceforth to look upon the Portuguefc
as his friends and allies. With regard to the defence
of the ifland, he added, that he knew the king of Or-
muz was furrounded with many enemies, againit whom
he hoped the Portuguefe would be a fafeguard. But
that they might live more fecurely in the iHand, and
be more enabled to defend the city, he faid there was
great neceflity for fome fortrefs, which would be no
Icfs ferviceable to the king himfelf than to the Por-
tuguefe. He therefore begged he might be allowed to
finifh the fort which had been begun by Albuquerque.
Coje Atar made anfwer. That he would pundlually
perform v/hat he had promifed to Albuquerque -, but
that he would not permit the fort to be built. Pie ac-
cordingly paid fifteen thoufand ducats, as the tribute
which had been fettled. He then invi:ed Lcmos alhore,
with the reft of the ouicers, and treated all the Por-
tuguefe in a moft polite manner. Lemos not having
a lufncient ftrengrh to carry his defigns by force, was
therefore obliged to ftifie his refentmenr. Having re-
mained in this place two months, for the ^c^ion of the
year
42 The History of Book VII.
year would not allow him to depart fooner, he then
departed Pom thence, and failed for Mafcate ; from
whence fas above mentioned) he difpatched Vafco Syl*
veire for India, to defire a reinforcement of fhips from
Almced. He touched next at ihe ifland of Socotora,
where he contraded a diftemper from the unwholfome-
nefs of Lhe marlhy foil ; fo that for the recovery of his
hcaih he returned to Melinda.
Albuquerque, who by this time had come to the
government of India, fent Antony Noveiro to recal
Alphonfo Norhona. He likewile fent a letter to Le-
mos, informing him, that he had been lately fo much
diftrefied by the zamorin, and the other enemies of
the Porcuguefe, who always watched every opportunity
to harrais them, that he durft not therefore, at that
time, venture to 1 ITen his fleet : but as foon as thefe
diftuibances were f tried, he faid he would come him-
felf to his affiftance •, for he had formed a defign of
failing to the Arabian fca, to engage the fultan*s fleet,
which he had been informed was to be there in a fhort
time. This report, however, proved groundlefs.
When Noveiro arrived at Ormuz, Lemos was not
yet returned from Melinda. Mean while Francis Pe-
reire Berred, and Alphonfo Norhona, having gone
aboard Noveiro's fhip, went to fea, to try what booty
they could find. They took one very large richly
laded fhip, belonging to Cambaya. Elated with this
fuccefs, they refo.ved to v\ait no longer, and accord-
ingly fai'ed for India. After they had paiTed Baticale,
they met with a mod bollterous fl:orm, and the pilot
of the prize being an Arabian, lleered her to the port
of Dabul, where fhe run upon the flielves, and was
dafhed to pieces. The Portuguefe were made prifoners,
and carried to Zabaim. Noveira being harraffed by
the fame fiorm, attempted to make the port of Da-
man, but his vefTcI was likewife fhiprecked. Alphon-
fo Norhona, as we have related above, and Tome others,
having jumped into the fea, endeavoured to fave them-
fclves by fwimming -, but all of them perifned : thofe
who
Book VII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 43
who remained aboard were made prifoners by the king
of Cimbaya. Franciico Pantoia, who had likewife
been fcnt t > Socotora by Albuquerque, in his way thi*
thtr, took a large fliip called Meris. She had fuiFered
grea ly in the late itorm, and was commanded by a
near relation of the king of Cambaya. When Pan-
to a leached Socororaj Duarte Lemos was then return-
ed from Mrlinda : he claimed the Meris as his right,
no: vvittiiianding all the remonilrances made by Pantoia,
be: ufe fhe had been taken in thofe parts which were
u dtr his jurifdidion. He therefore took the fhip,
and a!l her cargo into his power.
Lemos failed thence to India, where he was received
in tiie molt honourable manner by Albuquerque, who
ukd all poiTible means to procure his affedion and
Cucem ; yet, notwith Handing all his endeavours, he
cou'd not fucceed. When he comniunicated to him
his defign of ftorming Goa, Lemos did indeed pro-
Hiife him his afiilfance : but privately he run down this
refolution, and detraded from the reputation of Al-
buquerque, by faying that Goa could not be taken ;
or even if it could, ic would be of no fcrvice to the
Portuguefe. This kind of difc:ourfe was very grateful
to many, and might have laifc^d great diffentions, had
not Albuquerque, partly by diflimuladon, aod partly
by compiaifance, checked the growiftg evil : for he
omitied nothing to foften this envious or ambitious
man. However, he could not prevail on Lemos to
perform his promife •, for he would not give him the
Irafl: aiTidance to carry on the expedition againtf Goa,
But it happened, by a lucky chance, that thefe feds
of contention were happily removed*^ for foon after
Goa was taken, there came fijips from Portugal, with
leiters from Emmanuel, wherein Lemos was ordered
to deliver up his fh;ps to Albuquerque, and return to
Portugal.
in [he mean time Albuquerque began to think of
procuring a redemption of the Portuguefe captives.
As /ileacam, the commander of the fnip taken by
Pantoia,
44 The History of Book Vll.
Pantoia, was a near relation of the king of Cambaya,
and very much in his majefty's efteem, he thought the
matter might therefore be very eafily accomplifhed, as
he had fuch a man in his power. He therefore com-
municated the affair to Aleacam, and difpaiched a mer-
chant to Cambaya, to treat with the king about giving
up his relation, on condition he vi^ould furrender the
Portuguefe who were in his cuilody. The matter was
accordingly agreed upon ; and the king fent Diego
Correa, and Francifco Pereire, in order to fettle the
affair i who bound themfelves by oath to return if they
could not bring it to a conclufion. From thefe men
Albuquerque learnt the fate of Norhona, his filter's
fbn.
After the departure of Lemo?, he was freed from a
deal of uneafmefs; for this man ufed to oppofe him
in all his meafures. He now enjoyed a periedl tran-
quillity, and wholly applied himfelf to eflablifh the
llate and government of Goa. He was at vafl: pains
to promote marriages betwixt the Portuguefe and the
women of that country. He called the foldiers his
fons, and their brides his daughters. He was com-
monly prefent at the nuptials, and behaved on fuch
occafions with great liberality -, fo that in a ihort time
many more marriages were celebrated than could be
expelled in this new city, rfor fuch we may call it,
lince the cuftoms and manners were intirely new mo-
delled). He was no lefs affiduoiis in ftrengthening the
fortifications, and fettling every thing v/hich might tend
to the order and eftablifliment of the government.
Ambaffadors now came to him from mod of the
princes in India : fome brought their tribute, others
came to fue for peace and friend lliip with the Portu-
guefe, and all of them promifcd loyalty and attach-
ment to Emmanuel. Albuquerque de:a:ned them fome
time at Goa ; for he w^as willing they fhoulci behold
the fortifications of the city, the formidable fleet, and
all his grand ftrudlures, that being flruck with the mag-
nificence of his work% they n^.-ght remain faithful uo
Emmanuel*
Book VII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 45
Emmanuel. They beheld Albuquerque with a kind
of veneration -, fome admiring his majeftic dignity,
whilft others were no lefs taken with his civility and
polite behaviour. This reforc of ambafladors, and con-
courfe of perfons of diftindion, whom Albuquerque
received in a mod pompous manner, formed an ap-
pearance of a court at Goa, equal to that of the greateft
monarch. Albuquerque was naturally fond of gran-
deur and magnificence ; and at this time affc6led ic in
an extraordinary degree, that he might infpire thefe
eailern nations with the higheft ideas of his greatnefs ;
for he knew nothing ftruck them more than outward
fplendor. Befides, by his keeping the ambalTadors for
fome time, he gained this advantage, that in the mean
while he fortified the ifland, and furrounded it with a
numerous body of troops ; being defirous to give all
who came to Goa, a proof of his ftrength, as well as
knowledge in warlike affairs.
Zabaim Idalcam flill formed fchemes for retaking
the ifland. His general Melich Agrieio, at the head
of a confiderable army, made an invafion ; but was
repulfed with great fhame and lofs. About this time
Albuquerque fent Diego Ferdinand de Bcja, with three
fhips to Socotora, to dellroy the fort, and take the
men aboard : for he thought it was expoied to great
dangers, and of very little fervice to the Portuguefe.
Mean while Diego Mendez Vafconcelo, waited on
Albuquerque, and after having recounted his late fer-
vices, defired he v/ould order a fleet to be got ready,
that according to his inftrudions he might fail for Ma-
lacca. Albuquerque endeavoured by all poffible means
to diffuade him from this expedition j telling him, it
was his opinion, and in this he had the approbation of
all the officers, that it would be highly abfurd for a
man of his gallantry to run headlong into fuch mani-
fed danger, with fo little profped of advantage. Be-
fides, that he himfelf intended to fail againft the ful-
tan's fleet, and it would be extremely dangerous, at
the fame time, to venture upon two Ibch bold under-
takings :
4^ The History of Book VIL
takings: nor could he furnifh him with a fufficient
number of fliips to carry on the expedit on againfl
Malacca j for it was an affair that could not be execur d
'without a moft formidable fleet. He therefore carnelt-
ly entreatrd, and conjured Vafconcelo to iail aong
with him, that by his bravery the enemy might be the
more eafily defeated : and as foon as this war was finifh-
ed, he might then return to P<^rtugal wiih fuch marks
of honour and diftindion, as his high merit deferved.
Vafconcelo received this anfwer with the hi^jheil in-
dignation, complaining that he was impoftd upon in
the groflefl manner. However, fincehehad met with
fo bad a rtquital for his fervices, he declared he would
iiill go to Mulacca, not-Aithftanding all their opp fi ion.
For he fail! he had not come to India to adt i.ni\tr any
Fortuguefe commanc'er, but to perform the or 'crs of
his royal mider. Albuquerque finding him not to be
worked on by entreaty, thought to deti r him by me-
naces; ?nd decla.ed he would puniih with the utmofb
feveiity, all thofc who dared to quit thf harbour with-
out hi leave. But, not ithrtancing all thcfe threats,
Vafconcelo with f}me more officers weighed anchor,
and failed in the nighc. As foon as the viceroy was
informed of this, he difpatched fome of his galleys
and long-boats, with a detachmenr of men, to order
Vafconcelo and thofe who accompanied him, to return ;
and upon letufal, to fink their (hips. Thefe accord-
ingly fo'lowcO wiih great expedition ; and Vafconcelo
not complying, they began to batter his (hip with great
fury. They broUii,hr down her main fail-yard, killed
two of the failois, and threatened to deftroy every foul
aboard, if Vafconcelo did not immediately return to
the harbour. Thus forced by neceffity, he at lad re-
turned to Goa, where he was put: under cnhnement.
A council of war being held on this occafion, it was
refolved he Hiou'd b? Tent to Fortu|;al in fetter> : one
of the ofHrers named Jerom.e Cernirh, who ha J been
evtremely a6tivc in this affair, and had fhewn an eX'
tiujidinary contempt of Albuquerque's orders, was
4 cond ,-Bned
Book VII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 47
condemned to have his head ftruck off: the reft of the
officers were ordered to be hanged. Two of ihem ac-
cordingly fuffered death, and the others would have
undergone the like fate, had they not been faved by
the intercefTion of the king of Narfingua aid Cam-
baya's ambafladors ; who being folicited by the Por-
tuguefe nobihty, petitioned Alburqueique in behalf of
thefe unhappy perfons. He accordingly gave them
their lives, but deprived them of their commifllons,
and fent them home to Portugal. Thus by his fe ve-
rity he eflablifned the authority of his government ;
whilft, at the fame time, he became beloved for his
lenity, and very much gained the affedions of the am-
bafifadors, who acknowledged his indulgence as the
higheft favour.
The affairs at Goa being thus fettled, and the ifland
fortified with a ftrong garrifon, Albuquerque fet fail
from thence with a fleet of twenty-three (hips. He
fleered to the weft towards Arabia ; but having met
with contrary winds, he was put back again to the
port of Goa. The wind condnuing in the fame quar-
ter for a confiderable time, prevented him from going
in queft of the fultan's fleet. At this time he called a
council of his officers -, where it was refolved, as the
wind was fair for Malacca, to fail for that country.
He accordingly fteered for Cochin, where he left Pe-
tre Fonfeco de Caftro, Menendez Alphonfo, Simon
Vetulio, and Antony Sala, with a number of fhips.
He appointed Emmanuel Lacerda, admiral of this fleet,
and ordered him, asj foon as the fpring began there,
which is in the month of Augufl, to cruize on the
coaft of Calicut to annoy the enemy as much as pof-
fible ', and that he fhould likewife guard the coaft of
Goa, to prevent any invafion from the enemy in his
abfence. He then proceeded on his courfe wtth nine-
teen fljips, having aboard eight hundred Portuguefe
and fix hundred Indians. Before he reached Cape Co-
morin, he took a fliip of Cambaya. After he had
doubled this Cape he met with a moft boifterous ftorm,
in
48 The History of Book VI?.
in which he loft one of his galleys, but the crew was
luckily faved. Soon after he took three more rich
prizes, bound for Malacca. He then made the ifland
of Sumatra, and anchored his fleet in a port belonging
to the king of Pedir. This prince fent him as a pre-
fent, a Portugucfj fliip, withfome of our people aboard^
Thefe had been left by Scqu-rire at Malacca ; and hav»
ing fled from thence, came under the protection of the
king of Pedir, One of them, whofe name was John
Viega, gave Albuquerque an account of a late diflurb-
ance which had happened at Malacca. A confpiracy
had been formed againft the king by the bendar, but
his majefty having difcovered the plot, put him to
death as a traitor. Nehoada Bceguea, who had been
a b'tter enemy of Sequtire and his men, was likewife
an alTociate in this affair ; and v/ould have fuffcred [he
fame fate with the bendar, but confcious of his guilr,
he lied and took up his refidence in Pacem, a king-
dom in che iOand of Sumatra.
Albuquerque having entered into a treaty of friend-
fliip with the prince of Pedir, went next to Pacem :
there he had a conference with the king, whom he
earneftly entreated to deliver up Nehoada Beeguea.
This he promifed to do-, but fo far was he from per-
fbi ming his promife, thac he fecretly gave notice to
Nehoada to make his elcape. Aibaque.que, however,
made likev/ife a league with this prince, and then fee
fail from his dominions. A few days afcerwa-ds he
fpied a large fhip, which he attacked, fhofe who
were aboard made a mod obftinaie refiftance •, twenty
of them were killed. But when our people were ha-
ftening to board her, the fhip appeared fuddeniy all in
flames, which not a little ftarileJ the PTtuguefe, and
obliged them ro keep at a diftance. Tni , as it was
afterwards found, was an arrificial flame, wh ch did no
damage, and could be cxtinguifhed at picafu'e. Soon
after, our people fpied another fhip. Albuquerque
diipatched feme of his officers in long-boats to purfue
her. The greateft part of the failors v/ere fo much
frigbitened.
Book VII. the PORTUGUESE, &c: 4^
frightened, that they threw themfelves headlong into
the fea. Nchoada was aboard this fhip, and was then
failing for Malacca, to give intelligence to the king of
the arrival of the Poriuguefe fleet; thinking that by
this piece of friendfhip he might be reinftated in his
maje;ty*s favour. As he now perceived his deftru(5tion
to be inevitable, he was rcfolved to die gallantly with
his fervants rather than fall into the hands of our
people, to become a cruel facrifice. He accordingly
fought with fo much obftinacy, that every one of the
Portuguefe prefcnt at this engagement, was wounded.
All the enemy were killed. Islehoada fell, after hav-
ing received feveral wounds ; and to the aftonifhmenc
of all the fpedarors, not one drop of blood could be
feen on his body. But no fooner had they taken off
his golden bracelet, than the blood fuddenly guQied
forth from many places. The Indians explained this my-
ftery, by (hewing our people a done fet in the bracelet.
This ftone, it fcems, is taken out of an animal, called
by the Siamefe, Cabris ; and has this particular virtue,
"when worn on the body, that it prevents the blood
coming forth from the moft grievous wounds. Our
fleet having proceeded a litde way farther, took two
other fliips ; one of which came from Malacca. The
prifoners taken aboard told them that Roderick Aravio,
and the reft of the Portuguefe left at Malacca, were ftill
alive and in good health. It was now the third day
(ince our people had encountered the fhip, which was
faved by the artificial flame, when the fame vefiel ap-
peared again in Hght. Two of her men immediately
jumped into a paroa, and made directly for the admi-
raPs fl^ip. Being permitted to come aboard, they
addrelTed Albuquerque in the following words : * If
* fame fpeaks truth. Sir, we cannot allow ourfelves to
* think that you would have attacked our fnip, had
' you known the caufe in which we were embarked.
* Think noc that we are pyrates : if fuch, we fhould
* deferve the higheft punifhment. Nor are we mcr-
* chants, who by the riches of our cargo might pro-
VoL. II. £ * yoke
56 The History of Book VII
* voke the avaricious. Our merchandize is arms, and
* the goods we prize mod are honour and bravery.
* We have heard, Sir, that you are the general of a
* moll illuftrious and invincible prince; nor are we ig-
* norant of the many proofs you have given of your
* intrepidity and refolution in punilhing the wicked,
* and defending the innocent. Induced therefore by
* the fame of your adlions, we without fear come be-
* fore you as fuppliants, hoping you will fhew fome
* compafTion on an unfortunate prince, who has been
* robbed of his crown by the ardfice of a defigning
' villain : we mean Zeinal, the lawful king of Pacem,
* who was driven from his kingdom^ and treacheroufly
* fupplanted by the prcfent tyrant. This unfortunate
* monarch is at prefent aboard our lliip. We are his
* foldiers, who from a fenfe of duty and fidelity have
' accompanied our royal mailer, and are ready to fa-
* crifice our lives for his honour and dignity. We
* were at prefent bound for Java, to folicit the affifl-
* ance of the inhabitants of that ifland. But when
* our-prince faw the Portuguefe fleer, and knew it to
* be fuch, he then concluded he had no occafion to
* crave alTiflance from any other people. For if the
* nam.e of a diftrefied king will move other nations,
* much more certainly will it touch you, who never re-
* fufe to encounter the moft horrible dangers for the ho-
* nour of your prince. Our king therefore relying on
* your virtue, and love of judice, implores your afTifl-
* ance to re-eiiablifh him on his throne. This will be
* an a6lion truly laudable, and worthy of the Por-
* tuguefe ; thus will you add flill a greater luftre to
* your name, and for ever gain the affcdions of a
* prince who can never forget fuch a piece of generous
* kindncfs.' Albuquerque was highly pleafed with
this embafTy, and fent Ferdinand Petre Andrade to
waic upon the prince : and as he heard his majedy la-
boured under an indifpofition of body, he went him-
felf and paid him a vifit. He made a peace witb
Zeinal, and entered into a treaty, tiie conditions of
which
BookVIL the PORTUGUESE, &c. 51
which were. That if the Portuguefe recovered this
prince his kingdom, he was to become tributary ta
Emmanuel, and every year to pay a certain quantity
of gold, as an acknowledgment of this obhgation.
Albuquerque having taken Zeinal aboard his own
fhip, now fleered for Malacca. On- the firlf of July
171 1, this fleet came to anchor at a little iHand about
a cannon fliot from Malacca. In this place there lay
at the fame time feveral other fhips: thele being alarm-
ed at the approach of our people, endeavoured to
make away with all pofiible haile. However, their
fears were intirely removed when Albuquerque made a
publick proclamation, that he came as an enemy only
to thole who ifhould offer him hoililities. Of thefe
fhips five were Chinefe ; the caprains of which waited
on Albuquerque, and informed him, that the king of
Malacca, having been apprized of his intentions, had
made formidable preparations. They promifed like-
wife, in cafe of a war, to give our people all the affift-
ance in their power •, for they were highly offended at
the behaviour of this perfidious king, and not a little
attached to the Portuguefe. And, in order to enforce
thefe friendly profefTions, they recounred the fervices
they had done to Sequeire. Albuquerque invited the
Chinefe to an entertainment ; where they drank plcn-
tifully, and were extremely chearful.
Next day die king of Malacca fent deputies to con-
gratulate the viceroy on his arrival, and at the fame
time to clear himfelf of the mifchief done to the Por-
tuguefe. This he charged wholly on the bendar, who,
he .faid, had fuffered death for his villainous b.ha-
viour. As for himfelf he wasVxtream'y ciefirous of a
peace, and would be glad to eftablifh it on ju ft and
honourable terms. Albuquerque anfwered, that this
propofal was to him very agn-eable : but that hemir^hc
be convinced the king was fincere, and really difap-
proved of the unjult treatment of Sequei -e and his
men, he tlefired as a pro'.)f thereof, that his majelly
would allow the Portuguefe in his cuftody to be at
E 2 iibei'.y.
gt The History of Book VIL
liberty, and make a reditu tion of the goods taken
from th m. To this the king replied, that the Por-
tuguele were fcattertd into many parts, and that feve-
ral of them had embraced Mahometanifm, whom, ac-
cording to the laws of this religion, he couki not de-
liver lip to Chriftians. As to the goods, he faid'they
had been taken without his knowledge, but that
greateft pa^t of them had been confumed in the main-
tenance of the Portiiguefe, By thefe and fuch like
evafive anfwers, Albuquerque difcovered the artifice of
the king, who intended only to amufe him with falfe
hopes, that he might by this means deflroy our peo-
ple with the greater facility. The viceroy was Lkewife
informed by a letter from Aravio, and he heard it
alfo from feveral merchants, that the king every day
expe^ed a formidable fleet. This he waited for, that
he might thereby be enabled at once to attack our
people from the main fea and the harbour. He had
in the city nine thoufand pieces of iron and brafs
cannon. His army was numerous, and well furniflied
with all manner of warlike flores. Yet that he might
aft: with ftill greater fecurity, he chofe to wait for the
fleet.
Albuquerque did not think proper to proceed fud-
denly to hoftilites, for he wanted to make it appear
evident to all who traded to Malacca, that he was,
much againlt his inclination, forced to a war by this
deceitful prince. Zeinal concluding this delay to pro-
ceed from fear, was extremely diffident of our people,
and in the night deferted to the king of Malacca.
The following day Albuquerque formed a fchemc
of bui'ning the enemy*s houfes on the fhore and in the
luburbs. He fent the bravefl: of his men on this
enterprize ; they accordingly, though not without great
oppofition, e:iecuted their orders, and likewife de-
flroyrd three fhips of Cambaya. This fudden confla-
gration filled the whole city with terror. The king
was fo much alarmed, that hedire6tly fent Aravio and
the rell of the Fortuguefe to Albuquerque : he ft ill af-
firmed.
Book VII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 53
firmed, he defired nothing Co much as peace, and car*
neftly entreated the admiral ro allow the fire to be ex-
tinguiflied. Albuquerque accordingly complied with
his requeft. Aravio, however, told hin-i, that the king
was void of faith and honour •, and that he would not
ftick at the bafeft arts to carry on his wicked pur-
pofcs : that at prefent he only wanted to prolong the
time till the fleet fnoiild arrive, which he intended to
join with that in the harbour. He had likewife laid an
embargo on all the (hips, defigning, if necefiity required
it, to u(e thtm alfo. Albuquerque put no reflrainton
the Chinefe fiiips ; he only defired the captains to re-
main, that they might be fpedators of the engage-
ment. He then difpatched a melTenger to the king,
to beg, that his majefty, if defirous of a peace,
would affign a proper place where a fortrefs might be
erected, as a defence for the Portuguefe againfi: any fu-
ture violence. The king pretended to agree to this
requeft ; but ail proved difllmulation. Albuquerque
therefore refolvcd to have recourfe to arms. In order
to know the ftrength of the city, and what defence
the inhabitants would make, he made a feint next
morning, as if he had been about to begin the attack.
By this contrivance he found the chief defence to be
a bridge, near which flood a mofque or temple ; and
that if he could carry this, he might foon become ma-
iler of the city. He accordingly rcfolved to begin the
afTault on that part. The following day he advanced
towards the city with a galley, and fome of his lowed
deck fhips. The enemy fiew from all parts, and endea-
voured to hinder our people from landing. They kept a
continual firing with their artillery as well as fmall arms,
and the difpute for a confiderable time was fierce and
obftinate. The Portuguefe, however, having forced their
way through fire and darts, at laft gained the fiiore.
Albuquerque drew up his men in two bodies: one
he gave to Ferdinand Petre Andrade, and John de
Li ma, with orders to attack that part of the bridge near
cLe mofque 5 the other he refervcd for himfelf, to make
E 3 aa
54 The H I s T o R Y of Book VII,
an attempt on that part adjoining to the city. Both
of thele itation^ wc-rc itrongly torcifi-cd, and defended
with a numerous body of foldiers, who kept luch a
continual firing, that the bullets flrw amongft our peo-
ple as thick as hail-ftones. This muft certainly have
filled fhe Poruguefc with the utmoft conflernation,
had they not been tranfported wieh the molt ardent
defire of g ory -, and fo much inured to danger, that
they were now become void of fear. They ruflied
on the enemy in the mod undaunted manner, who
for fome time made a ftout refiftance, but v/ere at laft
obliged to give way. The enemy firft deferted their
pods on that part which was attacked by Albuquerque,
who purfjed th^'m with great relolution. Simon An-
drade was the firft man that mounted this ftation, and
John de Lima firft afcended the other. Gur people
continued the purfjit till they came up v/ith the
king's body guards, when the enemy, animated by
the prefence of their fovereign, made a (land.
The king, attended with feveral of his domefticks,
rode in a turret on the back of a large elephant. Se-
veral of thefe animals followed the firfl, all armed and
equipped in the fame manner. A great number of
arrows were thrown from the turrets upon our people,
Thefe elephants had fwords fixed to their teeih ;
they rufl'ted on the Portuguefe with fo rnuch fury,
that they threw the van guard into the utmoft difor-
der. But Ferdinand Gomez Lemo, and Vafco Fer-
dinand Ccutign, kept their ground without fear.
Having placed themfclves on each fide of the way
v/here the firft elephant was to pafs, they thruft their
fpears into his fides as he went along. The elephant
though at firfr extremely fierce, yet is unable to en-
dure pain, and when wounded is apt to turn upon
its i7:iaflers. Accordingly this creature, which was
pitrCcd through, immediately overthrew its rider, and
irair;pled him under ktt The king being frightened,
jumped down immediately. The wounded animal di-
(Irafted with painj turned upon the reft of the ele-
phants^
Book VIL the PORTUGUESE, &c. 55
phants, and drove them away in fuch difordcr, that
ali the arc of their managers could not bring them a-
gain to the engagement. The Portiiguefe, being
now freed from the apprehenfions of thefe terrible ani-
mals, preiTed on mod furioiifly. The enemy on tha
other hand animated by the prefence of their prince,
and knowing that their all was at ftake, fought
with amazing inirepidity. The king received a wound
in his hand, which was fo extremely painful that it
obliged him to retire. As foon as his men underftood
this, they gradually retreated to a hi!! near the pa'ace.
There they with flood our people with great refolution.
The Portuguefe, however, were in great danger iu ano-
ther quarter •, for Albuquerque was aimoft lurrounded
by a numerous body of the enemy. But J(/hn de
Lima, having left fuch a number of men, as he thought
fufficient to guard the bridge, hatlened to his reik-f,
and charged the enemy with fo much fury, that he
drove many of them headlong into the river.
Albuquerque being thus refcued from imminent
danger, encouraged his men again to renew the fighr.
He accordingly ordered the trumpets to be founded,
and led on his foldiers againft the enemy, who at firft
made a gallant defence, but were at laft routed. The
general having made himfelf mafter of this (lation on
the bridge, placed a ftrong guard there, threw up a
ditch and rampart, and entrufled it to the care of
Nunez Vafco Albicaftro, and George Leo. He at-
tempted, in the fame manner, to carry that part of the
bridge towards the mofque and palace. But there he
met with fo warm a reception, that he could not ac-
complifh his delign. The fight lafted from day-break
till noon. Albuquerque being afraid that thole whom
he had (lationed on the bridge flight receive hurt
from the neighbouring houfes, he therefore ordered
them to be burnt. The fire reached the mofque and
palace, and confumed the greateft part of them. It
was now the height of noon, and our people were
quite faint v/ith their exceflive fatigue. Albuquerque
E 4 therefore
^e The History oF Book VIL
therefore drew them off, being refolved, when they
were properly refrefhed, to enter the city with all his
forces. The particular number of the enemy which
fell in this affair, cannot be affigned, but it is certain
their lofs was confiderable. Our people took like-
wife fifty of their cannon. Of the Portuguefsi thirteen
were killed, and feventy defperatcly wounded. Many
merchants left the city that night. The young prince,
who had been lately married to the king of Malaca's
daughter, followed their example. His confternation
was fo great that he forgot the charms of his bride,
^nd betook himfelf to flight.
There was at this time in Malacca one Atimataraja,
a merchant of Java, who had refided there for many
years, a man of great renown for his wealth and
power. This perfo^n having been an eye witnefs of
the engagement, was tranfported with the behaviour
of the Portug'jefe He waited on Albuquerque with
prefents, and defired he might be accepted of as a
fubjedl to Emmanuel ; he faid he would always ac-
knowledge him as his prince, and be ready to ferve
and obey his generals. He was accordingly received
into the friend (hip of the Portuguefe. The Chinefe
captains likewife waited on the admiral, and congratu-
lated him on his late fuccefs : as they were now about
to depart, the viceroy fupplied them with provifions,
and gave them feveral prefents. He fcnt along with
them one of the Portuguefe, who having been left
at Malacca with Aravio, underftood the language of
the country. His name was Duarte Fernando : he was
to be landed in the kingdom of Siam ; for Albuquer-
que being defirous to procure the friendfhip of fo pow-
erful a monarch, fent this man to wait on his ma-
jefty, and to endeavour to gain him as a friend and
ally to Emmanuel. Fernando carried with him a
fword of the fined workmanfhip, the hilt and handle
of which were made of gold, together with a belt
equally curious. This he was to prefent to the king, in
ihe name of Albuquerque,
pur
Book VII. the PCRTUGUESF, &:c. 57
Our people fpent this night in refrefliing tliCT^fclves
after their tatigue, and in making preparations for the
enfuing engagement. The king ot Malacca now Ra-
tioned his ioldiers more in the heart of the city, and
fiich places as he thought our people would mod pro-
bably attack ; thefe he fortified more ilrongly with
men, as well as cannon. In one part he drove into
the ground iron nails dipr in poiion, with the points
uppermoO-, todeftroy our people when they advanced.
For the nature of the poifon was fuch, that as foon
as the blood was touched, the infection penetrated
into the very bowels. The viceroy was informed of
thefe preparations by oneNinachet, a warm friend of
the Porfuguefe, As Albuquerque confidered the
bridge to be an affair of great confequence, in order to
fucceed in his attempt he devifed the following con-
trivance. The fhip which belonged to Zeinal being
very large and ftrong, he furniflied it with guns and
all manner of warlike (tores ; then he covered the fides
with bags of cotton, fo that it could by this precaution,
without being damaged, receive the cannvon bullets.
This being ftationed dole to the bridge, would be as a
fort againfl: it. The vefTel, however, could not be
carried down fo far, unlefs in high tides : Albuquerque
was therefore obliged to wait for a full moon, and
the tide every day increafing, the fhip was carried
down farther and farther.
Mean while the enemy were continually at v.^ork.
They prepared wooden machines, which they filled
with oil, pitch, and other combuftibles: thefe they fen t
down the river, in order to deflrcy the fliip. But our
people having got into their pinnaces and long-boats,
with grappling hooks turned thefe machines to the op-
pofite fide of the river. The fnip, ^however, v.'as bat-
tered night and day by the enemy. Antony Abrcu,
who commanded her, was pierced through in both
cheeks by a bullet. Albuquerque thinking him uiiab'e
to perform his duty, fent another ofhct^r to fupply his
place. At this Antony was moved with ind-onarion.
' Think
5S The History of Book VIL
« Think not (faid he) whilft I have flrength in my
* linnb?, and vigour in my right hand, that I (hall
* quit the engagement. Nay, was I even wounded in
* liich a manner, as to be confined to my couch, yet
* then I might give all necclTary orders. 1 will not,
'•^ therefore, whillt I have life in my body, allow any
* one to be put in my command.' He accordingly
difmiiGTed the officer, and himfelf performed his duty
with as much fpirit as if he had received no hurr.
The tides being now high, the fhip was brought
clofe to the bridge, notwithftanding all the oppofition
made by the enemy. The next morning Albuquerque
having landed his forces before break of day, again
attacked the city. The fight that day was more fierce
and bloody than the former one : many were flain on
both fides, and great numbers mod defperately wound-
ed. At lafb the ftation which defended the mofque
and the palace, was taken by our people; and the ene-
my in that quarter were driven to flight. Albuquer-
que, after great fatigue, had the like fuccefs in that
ftation v/hich he attacked. Abreu had alfo cleared
the bridge. Thus the Portuguefe having attacked the
enemy at once by land and water, after a fevere con^
fiid, routed them. The king, who was feated on an
elephant, came up with a reinforcement of three thou-
fand men : but as foon as he perceived all the poits in
the hands of our people, he then retired to his palace.
The Portuguefe being fo few in number, were: afraid
to purfue him. Albuquerque now entered the mofque,
which he ordered to be guarded by thofe who had taken
it. Then he returned to the bridge : at both the en-
trances he placed fiations ; thefe he fenced with large
hogflicads full of earth, ranged in order, and bound tO"
gether. He placed there, likewife, aconfiderable num-
ber of cannon, and a flrong body of foldiers. But the
enemy ftill annoyed our people with their miiTive wea-
pons, and wounded many of them when bufy at thefe
v^'orks. The viceroy, therefore, feat out two detach-
nientSj
Book VII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 59
rnents, under the moll: able commanders. Thefe he
ordered to fetch a compafs by difTerenc ways, and thus
to attack the enemy on both fides at once. Several of
the enemy were accordingly killed by this contrivance,
and many faved themfelves by flight, Albuquerque
fixed on two houfes not far from the bridge, in that
part of the city which was the mod frequented, and
which he him!elf had attacked •, thefe houfes being
flat roofed, he placed cannon upon them. Be-
fides, he flationtrd feveral pinnaces and long-boats, with
guns, in the mod convenient parts of the river. For
he did not imagine the war was finiOied, but made
fuch preparations as if he expeded the mod: bloody en-
gagement. The following day he took the palace by
ftorm : but the king deferted it the night before; hav-
ing at the fame time taken care, that ail his moil va-
luable moveables fhould be carried off. When the
Portuguefe foldiers entered the houfe, and found it
ftripped of every thing, they vv'tre fo enraged at the
difappointment, that they fet the vv^hole l>uildingon fire.
Above three thoufand of the enemy ftill remained in
the city •, thefe frequently attacked our people, but be-
ing generally repulfcd with lofs, they at lafcaifo defert-
ed the town, which Albuquerque gave up to be plun-
dered by his men *, having only faved the houfes and
effeds of Utemutaraja, Ninachetu, and thofe of the
pierchants of Java. The plunder was confiderable ;
there were found above three thoufand cannon, and
the arfcnals were furnifhed with all manner of v/arlike
{lores. All thofe things which might ferve to repair
t!ie fleer, and fortify the ciry, were left untouched by
the enemy. No filver nor gold which could be con-
cealed, came into the poffefTion of our men-, yet Em-
manuel's (liare of the booty, which was only a fifth
part, was valued at two hundred thoufand ducats ;
from v/ hence it is plain, that if the king and mer-
chants had not carried off their wealth after the firfl
J3attle, the booty of this city would havi^ been fuch as
might
6o The History of Book VII.
might fatisfy the mofl: unbounded avarice. In all thefc
engagements the Portu^uefe iod only eighty men.
Tije city being thus taken, Albuquerque thought
proper to invite back all the merchants who had not
taken up arms againft our people •, offering them li-
berty, and the ufe of their own laws. He appointed
Utemuraraja, and Ninachetu, as rulers over tlie Ara-
bians and Fagans, with provifo, however, that there
could be appeals from them to the Portuguefe magi-
llrar-s. Having received intelligence, that the king
had fortified himfelf about thirty miles from the city,
near the river, he immediately detached a body of tnen
to that place ; who fuon demolifned the fortifications,
and drove the enemy from thence. Here they got a
confiJerable booty, and took feven elephants. Affairs
being in this condition, Albuquerque fet about building
a fort with the utmoH: expedition. The ruins of the
palaces and private houfes, lately demolifhed, furnifhed
materia's. The number of hands employed, and the
alertnefs of the general himfelf, foon brought the work
to a conclufion. His mild and gentle behaviour in-
duced great numbers of people ro fiock into the city
daily. He made laws for their government, and coined
money of gold, fi'ver, and tin ; with the arms of
Emmanuel thcieupon. This he fettled as the current
coin, and aflix^d a fevere punifnment on thofe who
fhould make ufe of any other.
About this time the king of Malacca died of grief.
Laffamen, who had been his admiral, feeing the city
not only taken, but eUablifhed on a new fyftem of
laws and cuftoms, fent a mefTenger to Albuquerque,
to offer his fiiendihip and fc^rvice. For (he faid) he
was now ready to encounter any danger, for the ho-
nour of Emmanuel, with no lefs zeal than he had
fliewn for that of his deceafed maftcr. This meffage
was well received by Albuquerque; v;ho in the kindefl:
terms invited him to the city. But as there were fe-
vcral envious perfons^ who were afraid that if this man
Book VII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 6t
fhould return, fome confiderable poft would be con-
ferred upon him, thcfe, therefore, out of a pretence
of friendfhip, wrore to him, and perfuaded him that
Albuquerque was plotting his deftiudlion.
In the mean time Duarte Fernando, who had been
fent to the king of Siam, returned with a deputy from
that monarch. Duarte had been received very gra-
cioufly by this prince; who gave him at his departure,
feveral valuable prefents. The purport of the embafTy
from the king of Siam was as follows ; * That he
* congratulated Albuquerque on his late fuccefs, would
* be glad to fee the fovereignty of Emmanuel more and
* more enlarged, and was highly pleafed with the
* thoughts of having fo famous a people in his neigh-
* bourhood : nor would he be wanting in any friendly
* office in his power, which might tend to the honour
* or advantage of Albuquerque, or the reft of the
* Portuguefe commanders.' Albuquerque treated the
deputy with the utmoft refpe6l *, and lent by him to
the king, a golden bowl, a fword in a golden fcab-
bard, together with a diamond ring of great value.
He at the fame time fent feveral prefents to his ma-
jefty's mother. The kingdom of Siam comprehends
almofl all the north eaft of India ; being bounded on
one fide by a large gulph, and the weftern confines of
China, on the other by the kingdoms of Ava and Pegu.
The king of Siam had likewife under his power a con-
fiderable part of Malacca. He was faid to have twelve
thoufand elephants; four thoufand of which were always
ready armed, in cafe of any fudden emergency. Al-
buquerque being refolved to eftablifh a lading friend-
fhip with that prince, fent for rhis purpofe Antony
Mirando Azevede, and Duarte Cnslo, wich fuch pre-
fents as were fuited to the grandeur of fucn a prince.
About this time another deputy arrived at Malacca
from the king of Java. The prefents he brought fhevi^-
ed his maftcr to be a warrior : they confided of fpears,
kettle drums, and pieces of embroidery 5 which re-
3 prefcnted
6i The History of Book Vlt
prefented the king's warlike exploits. In like manner
other ambafTadors came from Sumatra, and alfo from
the king of Pegu, whofe dominions were very exten-
five •, beginning at the river Ganges^ and reaching a
great way weftward. Many other princes likewife
fent deputies -, fome of them fued for peace and friend-
Ihip, whilft others freely fubmitted thcmfelves to the
fovcreignty of Emmanuel. All of them beftowed the
higheft encomiums on Albuquerque 5 and as a teftimo^
ny of their regard, brought him many confiderabk
prefents.
BOOK
Book VIII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. £i
BOOK VIII.
WHILST thefe things were tranfadled in Ma-
lacca, the Portuguefe affairs at Goa were very
much embarrafTcd. Zabaim Dalcam Tent Pulatecam,
with a body of three thoufand men, moftly Turks,
to invade thofe places which had been reduced under
the power of Emmanuel. Melrao and Timoia, who
were in the Portuguefe fervice, went out to meet them
with four thoufand foot and forty horfe. Pulatecam
was at firft routed, but having rallied his fcattered for-
ces, he fell upon Melrao and Timoia by furprize, and
entirely defeated them. Thefe two commanders find-
ing that the greateft part of their army was cut off,
and at the fame time, that they could not levy another,
they betook themfelves to the king of Narfingua: Ti-
moia was pardoned by that prince at the intercefTion of
Melrao ; but, if we may credit common report, he
was afterwards, contrary to the rules of honour, clan-
deft inely taken off by Ibme of that king's tools. Pu-
latecam being elevated with this fuccefs, refolved to
pafs over into the ifland ; but firfl of all he endeavour-
ed to perfuade the inhabitants to a revolt. They,
however, could not be prevailed on co commit fuch a
breach of faith.
Thefe things being difcovered by Crifna, (a farmer
of the public revenue, and one of the mod wealthy
of the inhabitants) he comm.unicated them to Ravello,
the governor of the city, who accordingly foriified the
entrances to the ifland, and placed guards to repulfe
the enemy. Pulatecam, however, having taken the
advantage of a dark flormy night, and being well ac-
quainted with the river, crolled over with ail his forces.
4 He
6i The H I s T o R y of Book VIIL
He, at the fame, time took two Forrugiicfe fliips, with
ail their gun?, and kilLd the men, who made a mod
vigoious refiftance. Thofe of the inhabitants, who
were Rationed for the defence of the ifland, being alarm-
ed, fled into the city. Pulatecam being refolved, if
poflible, to draw the Portugueie guards out of the
ci:y, devifjd the follovving ftratagem. He ordered one
of his men to repair to Goa, as a deferten The per-
fon employed for this purpofe, as he was inftrudted,
went to Cojebeque, one of the principal officers in the
city, and under a pretence of friendfhip, told him,
* That two hundred Turks having attacked old Goa,
' had been furrounded by the inhabitants : and if a
* ftrong reinforcement was fent, not one of them could
* efcape.* Ravello being likewife informed of this af-
fair, fent Diego Ferdinand Fario, to examine into the
truth of it-, and in the mean time held himfeJf in rea-
dinefs, if there was occafion, to march next morning
againlt the enemy. He alked Cojebeque his opinion
of the matter, who replied, that he thought the author
not worthy to be credited. But Ravello, hurried on
by the heat of youth, and at the fame time animated
with a confidence arifing from his former fuccefs, (for
he had performed many great exploits) cafily fell into
this fnare. Accordingly he did not wait for the return
of Faiio, but marched out of the city with thirty- five
horfe and five hundred Indians. The treacherous defertcr
having difcovered the aflfair to fome of the Indians,
kveral of them flopped in their march. Ravello pro-
ceeded with fo much expedition, that he did net ob-
fcrvc this : but having reached the top of a hill, he
then perceived that he had only thirty of the Indians,
whilR, at the fame time, the enemy Teemed to be one
ihoufiind fi-rong. Here he again afked Cojebeque his
opinion, who anfwered, that he thought things had at
prefent a very bad afpefl. ' For (faid he) the defer-
* ter is gone off; the enemy are much greater in num^
* her than he reported •, our own men being affrighten*
* ed, have not dared to come forward. In fliort, I
* cannot
Bo6lcVlir; the I^ORTUGUESE, &c. '6}
^ cannot help thinking, that this is a fcherhe framed for
* our deftruftion. Wherefore it is my opinion, th:it
^' we ought immediately to march back to the city.
* But whatever courfe you may follow, I am refolved
' to accompany you with the greateft alacrity/ Ra-
Velio, in like manner, afked the reft their opinion ; but
none of them made any reply ; for they were afraid,
if they had fpoke their fentimcnt?, thefc might be im-
puted to cowardice more than prudence. Ravello then
called aloud, * Come, fellow-foldiers, this day will
* make it appear how much bravery every man has in
* hisbreaft.' Emmanuel Cugna, a Portuguefe of diftinc-
tion, was not a little tranfported with this expreflion ;
fo that he could not help crying out in a kind of rap-
ture, * This is nobly faid -, this pleafes me.' All of
them immediately defcended from the hill, and fpurring
on their horfes, rufhed up on the enemy with fo much
fury, that they drove them to the fhore, where Pula-
tecam waited to receive the reft of his forces coming
from the continent. He endeavoured to rally his men ;
but this he could not effedt. The enemy were ftruck
with fuch a panic, that many of them threw them-
felves into the fea, where they perifhed* By this time
two hundred of the Indians, chiefly Malabars, had
come up : thefe having joined themfelves with the
Portuguefe, purfued the fcattercd enemy, of whom
there were three hundred killed in this adlion.
Pulatecam fled with eighty Turks, and took fhelrer
in an old ruinous building, fituate on a hill, at no greac
diftance. Ravello refolved to attack them fvVord m
hand : Cojebeque endeavoured to difluade him frOm
this attempt ; telling him it would be extrenlely dan-
gerous to venture upon fuch an attempt, when Pula-
tecam was fcreened with walls, and accompanied with
brave dcfperate men, who would encounter any danger,
* 1 am therefore of opinion, (faid he) that we ought
* rather to annoy them at a diftance wkh our darts.
* This is the moft effedual way to deftroy. them •, and
' this we may do without any danger.' He accordinp;-
VoL. IL F V
66 ThrHrSTT-a^^ToF' EookVIIL
^y offered to go himfelf upon this enterprize. But
Ravcllo flufhed with his late vidory, defpifed this wife
advice, and went upon the exploit with fourteen of his
cavalry, for the reft were gone in purfuit of the ene-
my. Pulatecam and his men, having fallied out from
two. different parts, attacked Ravello unawares, and
killed him, after having wounded his horfe with their
fpears. Emmanuel Cugna fuffered the like fate
for, his ra{hnefs» and the reft were (hamefully re-
pulfed. The enemy, however, did not choofe to pur-
fue, left they might fall into fome new danger. They
contented themifelves with having killed two of our
principal leaders, and having driven the reft to flight.
That day gave us a memorable inftance of the differ-
ence betwixt the compleat general, and the meer ioU
dier; for Ravello, though a man of the moft di-
fiinguifhed courage, yet gave fo .many proofs of his
railinefs, that moft people condemned Albuquerque for
giving him the government of Goa. Whilft, on the
other hand, Cojebeque was no lels celebrated for his
prudence than bravery ; for he fought with the utmoft
gallantry, and, at the fame time, gave the moft falu-
tary advice ; which, if Ravello had followed, he would
have avoided the danger he run into. The reft of the
men returned fafe to Goa. Francifco Pantoia was
chofcn governor of the city by univerfal confent. How-
ever, he declined this honour. The excufe he alledged,
was, in my opinion, the argument of a mean and nar-
row foul ; for he faid iht affairs of Goa were in fuch
a critical ficuatlon at prefent, that no v/ife man would
choofe to accept of fuch a government. The nobility
and citizens then conferred it on Diego Mendez Vaf-
cancelo, who accepted and entered upon his truft with
great fpiric and refolution. He was extremely adive
in making all neceffary preparations for the defence of
the city. He laid up all the proviftons he could pro-
cure, raifed jfortincations, ftationed his foldiers, and
omitted nothing becoming the cha.acler of a careful
active gover.nur.
At
BookVIIt. the PORTUGUESE, &c. ^7
Ac this time Crifna defired that he and the other In-
dians without the walls might be admitted into the city;
which was accordingly granted. There were now two
hundred Portuguefe and fix hundred Indians in the
city ; a fmall force to withftand the hardfnips of awkr
and a hazardous fiegc. Bcfides, Pulatecam was mader
of the whole ifland ; he had encamped ac Benaftar^ a
town fituate upon the fouthern entrance to the ifland,
and extremely convenient for the reception of provi-
fions and reinforcements from the- continent. Here iHc;
had built a very ftrong fort ; this he garrifoned wi h
foldiers, and fortified with all manner of warlike en-
gines. From thence he intended to annoy the Portu-
guefe in fuch a manner, as to oblige them to quit the
ifland. He made feveral efforts to take the city, fome-
times attempting to carry it by {\ortn\ artd' fometimes
by ftratagem, but all in vain 5 for \Vafconcelo conti-
nually repulfed him. .':♦':.
sfii About this time Francifco Bereife Berred, came ^o
Goa with thirty Portuguefe -, and fuch was the fcarcity
of men^ that Vafconcelo was even overjoyed at this
fmall fupply. ^-^^
As Pulatecam had now remained a cortfiderable time
in the ifland without being able to effe6l his defigns,
Zabaim began to fufpedl his fidelity ; nor were there
wanting feveral who endeavoured to heighten this fuf-
picion. He accordingly relblved to remove him from the
command. For this purpofe he pitched on Rozalcam, his
filler's hufband, a Turk of great valour and experience,
and fent him to Goa with a body of fix thouland men,
to take upon him the command of Pulatecam's army.
But Pulatecam, highly incenfed at this affronr, treated
the orders of Zabaim with con'.empr^ and refufed to
refign. Rozalcam, on the other handj being refolved
at any rate to gain his point, devifed this fcheme : Hq
fent a letter to Vafconcelo 5 vVherein he informed him,
* That the late hoftilities committed by Pulatecam,
* had been done without the orders or authority of
* Zabaim 1 that he was therefore ccmc v/iih an army
F 2 'to
€8 The H I s T o R y of Book VIII.
« to punilh the wickednefs of this man ; and if Vaf-
* concelo would lend him afTiftance, he would undertake
* to drive him from the iQand in a very fhorttlme, and
* then the Portuguefe fhould be left in the quiet pof-
* feflion of Goa.* He promifed, at the fame time, to
reftore thofe Portuguefe, who, being (hip-wrecked,
had efcaped to the port of Dabul, and were kept in
cuftody by Zabaim, Vafconcelo was fo fimple as to be
caught by this artifice of Rozalcam -, who being aflifted
by the Portuguefe, foon after defeated Pulatecam :
but fo far was he from performing his promife, that
he threatened Vafconcelo with fire and fword, if he
did not quit the city.
The fiege being now renewed with the utmoft vi-
gour, our people were involved in the greateft difficul-
ties •, yet they withftood the aflfailants with fo much
vigour, that they became afraid to approach : but at
laft, a confiderable part of the wall having fallen down,
this gave frelh hopes to Rozalcam, who ordered his
men to advance towards the breach. There the con-
teft was fierce and defperate, and lafted till the evening.
Many of the enemy were killed, and likewife Ibme of
the Portuguefe army ; amongft whom was Cojebeque,
who, when fighting very gallantly, was taken off by
a cannon-bullet. Rozalcam finding he could not carry
the city by open force, had recourfe to other methods.
He ordered the fignal to arms to be often founded in
the night-time, and made a feint, as if he was about
to afTault the city. By this means he kept our people
in a continual alarm -, fo that many of them died by
fatigue and want of reft. About this time^ Machiad
(who, as we have mentioned above, pafied for a Turk,
and commanded a troop of the enemy) fent a letter to
Vafconcelo, advifing him to lead out his forces to a
certain place, as foon as he fhould hear the fignal ; for
(he faid) it would be extremely eafy for him to fur-
prize a party of the enemy, who were always drawn
up there when the trumpet founded, Vafconccllo ac-
cordingly followed this advice, and, found the infor-
mation
BookVIir. the PORTUGUESE, &c: 69
mation to be true. Many of the enemy were killed
that night, and many driven to flight ; and our people
repaired the breach in their walls with incredible ex-
pedition.
In the mean time, the befieged were forely afflidled
with famine ; for it being now winter, no fhips could
bring them relief, for at that feafon of the year the
feas being almoft impaffable-, and at the fame time, Za-
bairn had blocked up all the paffes to the ifland in fuch
a manner, that no fupply could come from the con-
tinent. There were fome of the Portuguefe, who not
having refolution to bear thefe hardfhips, bafely deferr-
ed to the enemy. Amongft thefe deferters, amounting
to feventy, was Fernando Lopez, a man of noble de-
fcent : they went to Machiad, and were incorporated
in his company. This man, in outward appearance,
received them with great kindnefs and complaifance ;
but in reality he detefted, and was grieved at their
fliameful behaviour. The bafe conduct of thefe apo-
ftates raifed his indignation, and haftened his execution
of a defign, which he had had in his thoughts for a
confiderable time, of joining himfelf as a companion
to thofe Chriftians who laboured under fuch fevere
hardfhips. He accordingly fet out one morning early,
accompanied with the Portuguefe captives and defer-
ters ; who being unacquainted with his intention, fol-
lowed him. When he had drawn by degrees very
fiear the city, he flopt and made them a fpeech ; where-
in he fet forth the heinoufnefs and impiety of their
crime, in thus breaking through the ties of religion,
and the duty they owed to their country. He faid it
was the higheft madnefs, in order to avoid the trifling
hardfhips of this tranfitory life, to endanger our ever-
lafling happinefs ; efpecially when it is confidered that
our fleady adherence to virtue in this life will procure
us eternal glory and felicity. His fpeech, however,
though flrong and pathetic, yet it had no efFed on
thofe deferters-, who, notwithfl:anding his repeated in-
treaties, would not return to their duty. Machiad
F 3 and
yp The Hist or y of Book VIII^
and. the captives then went by themfelves into the city,
where they were received by Vafconcelo, and the reli
of the Pprtuguefe, v/ith the utmoft demonftrations of
joy and traniport. The piety and zeal of Machiad,
was in ope particular ftrained to a very great degree,
fi'nce it prompted him to comrr^it a moft inhuman ac-
tion. He had two Tons, whom he himfelf had bapr
tiz^d in the Cliriftian faith. At hia departure he wa3
dtfirous to take them along with him \ however, not
being able to effed this, he chofe rather to irnbriie his
hands in the blood of thefe infants, than leave them •
in the power of the enemy, to be trained up in the
pernicious tenets of the Mahometan religion. He ac-
cordingly ftrangled them in the night. Rozalcam be-
ing enraged at the defertion of Machiad, preiTed the
fiege with more fury than ever. Vafconcelo having
fecciyed intelligence, that a party of the enemy was
poded in a particular place, from whence they intend-
ed to batter the city with thtir largeft cannon^ fallied
out upon thern with eighty horfe, and drovethem to,
flight : he returned with all his men, a few being only
(lightly wounded. Rozalcam, ftruck with the bold-
liefs of our people, gave over ajl thoughts oF taking
t^he city by ftorm ; his only hope now was to reduce
it by famine. He would certainly have gained his
point, had it not been for Francifco Berredo ; who,,
notwithflanding the rigour of the feafoh, and the
watchfulnefs of the enemy, undertook to fail to Ba-
tical, to procure a fopply of provifions. He failed
from Goa on the fiiil of July, and executed this en-
terprize with fo much expedition and fuccefs, that he
returned this fame ir.onth with tvyenty paraos, loaded
with all manner of provifions. Our people being t^j-
Jieved by this feafonable fupply, gained frerti fpirits., , i
" The b^fieged foon after received another additiori,
to their joy, by the arrival of Ferdinand de Beja.
This gtntkman, according to his orders from Albu-
querque, had failed to Spcotora. In his courfe thither,
he had taken one fhip. He waited for Albuquerque
EookVIIL the PORTUGUESE, &c. 71
a confiderable time, near Socotora ; but finding, by
his delay, that he could not exped him in Arabia that
year, he then demohfhed the fort ; and having taken
the men aboard, together with all the cannon, pro-
vifions, and warlike ftores, he failed for Or muz, where
he received the tribute money, and was treated with
the higheft marks of honour. Thence he direded his
courfe for India, and arrived in Goa towards the latter
part of Auguft. His arrival there was matter of great
tranfport to the Portuguefe in that city -, for he brought
with him one hundred men, flout and healthy in their
conftitution, and experienced warriors. Soon after came
John Serran, and Pelagio Sala, from the ifland of Ma-
dagafcar -, who likewile gave no fmall pleafure to our
people at Goa. Their joy was ftill more heightened
by the arrival of Emmanuel Lacerda ; who brought
with him fix fhips manned with two hundred Portu-'
guefe, and furnifhed with a good (lore of provifions.
He had been cruizing on the Malabar coaft near Cali-
cut, in order to intercept the enemy's fhips. About
the fame time Chriftopher Britto arrived in this port.
He had failed from Lisbon on the 19th of April, in
a fleet of fix fhip?, commanded by Garcia Norhona,;
nephew to Albuquerque. Four of them had wintered
at Mozambique, and only two had come to India ;
one of which, commanded by Ayres Gama, got to
Cananor •, whilft Britto, captain of the other, put in
at Goa.
In the mean time Rozalcam, not in the lead dif-
couraged by thefe fuccours which our people had re-
ceived, carried on the war with equal vigour. A battle
was foon after fought, in which Britto led the van : the
enemy was routed, and many of them killed in the
fiight. Rozalcam then refoived to adt only on the de-
fenfive. He thought it fufficient to guard the ifland,
and to fortify Bcnafter with all pofllble care. He ac-
cordingly furnifhed that fort with provifions, and all
manner of warlike ftores ; and fortified it with fo
ilrong and numerous a garrifon, that there was no city
F 4 ^^
72 The History oF BookYIIf;
or caftle belonging to Zabaim, which could be com-r
pared to this in ftrength and fccurity. Mean while
Melichiaz having heard that our people were afflidled
by famine, fent two fhips to Goa well ftored with pro-
vifions of all forts ; declaring Ukewife that he would
at all times be ready to fliew his afFcdion for the fub^
jeds of Emmanuel. This kindnefs was acknowledged
with the utmoft gratitude ; and prefents were fent to
Melichiaz. The war now took a different turn *, for
our people made frequent excurfions on the enemy,
and were now thinking to ilorm Benaftar.
Whiift thcTe things happened in India, there had
like to have been a rdpture betwixt their Spanifh and
Portuguefe majeflies. There was at that time in Spain,
one Petre Baftardo, a nobleman of great renown. This
man was fuppofed to have been the author of the mif-
underftanding which happened after the death of queen
Ifabel, betwixt king Ferdinand and king Philip, his
fen- in- law. After Philip's death, Baftardo being afraid
of the refentment of Ferdinand, fled over to the king-
dom of Fez. There he contradted a very great friend-
jhlp with Barraxa, a man the moft celebrated for his
bravery, as well as power, in that pare of Africa. Bar-
raxa, out of affection for Pctre, interceded in his ber
half with Ferdinand ; who accordingly forgave him.
Petre then returned to Spain, and, at the fame time^
brought with him a letter from Barraxa, who in the
ftrongeft terms advifed Ferdinand to wage war againft
the kingdom of Fez, promifing him alfo, all the
aHlftance in his power ; and, on condition he fhould be
made king of Fez, he agreed to pay a certain yearly
tribute, fuch as Ferdinand fhould appoint. This pro-
pofal was extremely agreeable to his Caftilian majefty,
who immediately fent back Petre Baftardo, with a let^
ter to Barraxa. I^etre, in his way thither, ftopt at Air
cazar Zrguer, a city under the power of Emmanuel,
where he was entertained in the moft hpfpitable man-
ner by the governor Roderigo Soufa, Petre being afk-
td by Soufa the rcafon of his leaving Spain fo quickly^
made
Book VIII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. yf
made anfwer, that he had again fallen under the dif-
pleafure of the king, by the malicious infinuations of
fome evil minded perfons, and therefore going to re-
lide again in Fez. Soufa, however, being a man of
deep penetration, perceived fomewhat inconfiftent in
Petre's. words 5 and fufpedted there was fome fecret
fcheme in agitation. He accordingly detained Pctre
fome time; and, in the mean while, privately floleaway
the letter he was carrying to Barraxa. Having tran-
fcribed it, he fealed it up again with the utmoft care,
and put it again in the fame place whence he had taken
it. After Petre*s departure he difpatched a copy of
this letter to Emmanuel. His Portuguefc majcfty was
not a little nettled at the behaviour of Ferdinand, who
was thus going to a6l contrary to the articles of treaty
fubfifting betwixt them ; for by thefe it was ftipulated,
that the kingdom of Fez fhould be annexed to the
crown of Portugal. He therefore refolved to fend an
ambaflador, to difTuade him from his intended fcheme.
Ferdinand, in the mean while, was fitting out a large
fleet ; but the purpofe for which it was defigned, he
kepc a profound fecret. He only gave out in gene-
ral, that he intended to deftroy the enemies of Chri-
(lianity.
About this time Ferdinand received a letter from
Pope Julian, informing him, that his holinefs, toge-
ther with the Venetians, the Switzers, and the empe-
ror Maximilian, had entered into an alliance againft
Lewis king of France ; at the fame time defiring Fer-
dinand to come into this confederacy, otherwife the
kingdom of Naples would be in great danger. This
affair gave his Caftilian majefly not a little uneafinefs ;
he therefore, in order to fecure his Neapolitan domi-
nions, entered into the alliance. He, at the fame time,
invited Emmanuel to become one of the allies ; but
his Portuguefe majefty peremptorily refiifed it : nay,
at this very time fix French fhips, having come into
the port of Lifbon, Em.manuel treated the commander
in the kind^ft manner, and gave him a fupply of pro-
vifipns ;
j^ : ;^he HiSTiak ir of Book Vllt
vifions. This, as it was reported, gave the higheft of-
fence to Ferdinand. But notwithftanding thefe fecret
animonties, yet things did not come to an open rup-
ture betwixt them. The fleet which Ferdinand had
equipped for Africa, being detained by the difturb-
ances in Italy, this removed the anxiety which had
filled the mind of Emmanuel. This fame year Henry
king of England, fent am ballad ors to Portugal, to re-
new the old treaty of friendfhip which had fo long
fubfifled betwixt the two crowns.
In the mean time there arofe frelh diflurbances at
Malacca ; thefe, however, were foon quieted by the
ftrid difcipline of Albuquerque. Utemutaraja, who,
as we have mentioned above, entered into a treaty
with our people; being a man of great wealth, and
unbounded ambition, aimed at the fovereignty. Be-
fore Albuquerque took Malacca, he had frequently at-
tempted to dethrone the king, and feize the crown ;
but all his endeavours proved ineffedual. He now
thought he could accompli (h his defign more eafily un-
der the government of Albuquerque •, for he looked
upon it as an impofTibility to keep Malacca with a fo-
reign force. Puffed up with his immenfe wealth, and
at the fame time relying not a little on his fhrewd ca^
pacity, which he thought able to procure him any
thing, he aimed at the fovereignty, and already enjoy^-
ed it in imagination. But when he found that Albu-
querque had fettled the form of the ftate, and difpofed
of the places of preferment in a quite different man-
ner from what he expeded -, and, at the fame time,
that fo ftrong a fort was built, he now faw he could
not carry his defign by open force, and therefore be-
gan to think of fubtle expedients to bring about his
villainous intentions. He fent letters to the heir of
Mahomed, who had been driven from the kingdom,
perfuading him to make preparations for war ; and,
at the fame time, promifing all the affidance in his
power, to expel the Portuguefe from Malacca. Such
affairs as thefe are not eafily carried on in privacy ; for
feveral
Book VIII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. y^
feveral of thefe letters came foon after into the hands
of Albuquerque, who communicated the matter only
to Aravio. He was defirousto feize Utemutaraja ; but
as he was a man of fo much power, this could not be
done by any other method, than by decoying him into
the citadel. Nor was this eafily effedled ; for Utemu-
taraja was generally upon his guard, being confcious
of iiis guilt ; and, at the fame time, having been in-
formed that feveral complaints had been made to Al-
buquerque concerning his behaviour. It happened foon
after, that a certain Perfian foliciced Albuquerque for
a vacant place. The governor told this man, that he
would confer no public office on any one, till he had
fir ft confulted the leading men in the ftate. He faid
he would therefore call an afTembly of all the nobles,
and would a6t according to their determination. The
Perfian being an intimate acquaintance of Utemutaraja,
earneftly folicited him, together with his fon, and fon-
in-iaw, to be pre fen t at this affair ♦, for he thought that
the intereft of fuch perfons would greatly influence Al-
buquerque in his favour. They accordingly confented ;•
and this not only from a defire to ferve their friend,
but alfo from a principle of vanity ; for it would have
feemed a lefTening of their honour not to be prefent
on fuch an occafion.
As foon as Utemutaraja, his fon, and fon-in-law,
(who were alfo concerned in the confpiracy) had enter-
ed the afTembly, Albuquerque ordered them to be
feized and fettered. He then ordered their trial to be
brought on with the ufual form, and appointed coun-*
fel for their defence. The chief articles of the im-
peachment were, That Utemutaraja had ftirred up
Mahomed's heir to levy war againfl the Porruguefe ;
that he had corrupted LafTaman, and hindered him
from performing his duty to Emmanuel ; that he had
been the chief contriver and promoter of the plot
formed again ft Sequeire, and the caufe of many of
the Portuguefe being barbarouily murdered at that-
fime j that by his means the Chriiticins had been ufed
ia
y6 The History of Book VIIL
in fo inhuman a manner, that many of them, in or-
der to avoid fuch ufage, had renounced their religion ;
that his Ton, and fon-in-lavv, being influenced by his
authority, had become alTociates with him in his wick-
ed nefs. Utemutaraja denied feme of thefe articles ;
others he could not contradid, being convi<5ted by his
own writing. The charge being proved by the moft
ftrong and unqueftionabie teftimony, he then became
a fuppliant, and implored mercy. But he and fon to-
geiher, with his fon-in-law, being condemned to lofe
their heads, the fentence was accordingly executed in
a public manner ; and their houfes were razed from the
foundation, that there might be no monument left of
fuch taitors. This ftri6lnefs and feverity very much
raifcd the fame of Albuquerque ; and contributed not
a little to eftablifh his authority. This was a fignal
proof to every one, ihat he was not only a man ex-
perienced in war, but that he alfo knew how to pre-
ferve peace by the juftice of his adminiftration.
Albuquerque having heard of the Molucca iflands,
fent three fliips to furvey them, under the command
of Antony Abreu, who fet fail from Malacca towards
the end of December 151 1, being himftlf defirous of
haflening to India, citra Gangem, he appointed Pate-
quitir to fucceed Utemutaraja, as fupreme roagiftrate
over the Arabians. This man was a perfon of great
wealth and authority : he had entertained a high re-
fentment againft Utemutaraja, becaufe he had refufed
him his daughter in marriage, with whom he was de*
fperately in love. Some time after his entrance to this
office, he behaved with fo much probity, that he be-
came univerfaily efteemed amongft the Portuguefe.
But his fidelity was foon after corrupted by the widow
of Utemutaraja ; who, being defirous to revenge her
hufband's death, promifcd him her daughter in mar-
riage, with a confiderable dowry, provided he would
enter into war againft our people. She, at the fame
time, ppmifed to furnilli him with fix thoufand brave
foldieis i with which army ^Ihe fald) if he was ,a man,
he
BookVm. thePORTUGUESE,&c. 77
he might cafily cut off the Portuguefe, dreaming no-
thing of the matter. Patcquitir blinded with love,
avarice, and ambition, went into this propofal. The
marriage was accordingly confummated with the utmoft
fecrecy. The next day he fired the mod populous
part of the city, and deflroyed many of the inhabi-
tants. Albuquerque being alarmed, flew to that quar-
ter; and having attacked Patequitir, drove him to
flight. This man encamped with his army at a place
called Opi, not far from the city : here he fortified
himfelf with a ditch and rampart, and planted his en-
gines of war ; from thence he made feveral incurfions
on the inhabitants of Malacca, but generally met with
fo warm a reception from our people, that he was at
laft forced to defift from thefe hoftilities.
Albuquerque being now refolved to fetfail, appoint-
ed Roderick Britto Pattalin, governor of the city and
fort. He conftituted Aravio mafter of the treafury ;
giving him likewifc feveral fecretaries for his affiftance.
He gave the charge of all naval affairs to Ferdinand
Petre Andrade. He invefted Ninachet with authori-
ty over all natives of Malacca, who were not of the
Mahometan religion : this magiftrate is called by the
inhabitants Sabandar. He divided the Arabians into
clafTes, according to their different countries ; and to
each of thefe he appointed a ruler: but he ordered
that all fliould be fubjed to the jurifdidlion of Britto.
In the mean while deputies came to Albuquerque
from Zeinal. This prince declared that he had revolt-
ed from our people, from a fit of the utmoft defpair 5
for he faid he looked upon it as impofifible, that fo
fmall a force (hould have taken fuch a ftrong and weal-
thy city. But now, having received fuch proofs of
their amazing courage, he could not help concluding
them to be invincible in arms. He therefore earneftly
entreated pardon for his fault -, hoping the Portuguefe
would fhew the world, that they excelled no lefs in le-
nity and compaffion than martial bravery. Albu-
querque accordingly forgave this prince, and received
him
78 The H I s T o R Y of Book VIIL
him again Into his friendfhip and protedlion. When Zei-
nal came to the city, he renewed his petition, that our
people would afTift him to recover his kingdom. The
viceroy promifed his afliftance 5 though, at the fame
time, he faid he could not immediately fet about itj
being at prefenc obliged to fail for Goa, to fettle the
affairs of that date; but that, upon his return, he would
do his endeavour to re-inftate him in his dominions.
Zeinal, however, chinking that he was only amufed
by empty promifes, departed again from the city with
all his attendants.
Albuquerque failed from Malacca with four fhips,
the reft of the fleet remained in that port with two
hundred men aboard. He left likewife in the city
three hundred Portuguefe, together with fome Malaccan
and other Indian foldiers, whole fidelity he had expe;'
rienced. When he came on the coaft of Sumatra, a
florm arofe, which forced the fleet to put in at the firft
port they could make ; but fo violent was the tempefl-,
and the fea ran fo high, that the admiral being driven
from her moorings, ran foul upon a hidden rock. The
forecaftle was immediately funk, but the other part of
the fhip lay upon the rock above water. Several of
the men faved themfelves by getting to the fbern, others
endeavoured to make the fhore of Pacem, on cafls:s and
planks, but many of thefe perifhed. The pitchy dark-
nefs of the night, and the violence of the raging tern-
peft, was rendered flill more horrible by the moft ter-
rible thunder and lightening. The men were almofl
deftitute of all hopes of fafety. In this didrefs they
could only rely on the Almighty power 5 and accord-
ingly they put up to him the moft fervent prayers and
fupplication. Albuquerque having obferved a little
boy almoft drowned, faved him by taking him upon
his fhoulders ; adding thefe words, * Relying upon the
' innocence of this helplefs infant, I hope to efcaps
' from the prefent danger.' In the midlt of this di-
ftrefs Pedro Alpoem feht his long-boat ; which being
towed with the utmoft expedition, came in time to
iii .. fave
Book VIII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 9^
fave Albuquerque, and the reft of the crew ; who were
accordingly taken aboard Alpoem's fhip. The veffel
commanded by George Nunez Leo,' was feparated
from the reft in the ftorm. Simon Martin Albuquer-
que, who was captain of the fourth ftiip, met with an
unhappy fate. He had only aboard thirteen Porruguefe,
the reft of the crew were Indians of Java and Malacca;
thefc taking advantage of Simon's ficknefs, and the
general diftrefs of our people, rofe up: in arms, and
murdered all the Portuguefe, excepting four ; who
getting into the long-boat, efcaped ro the coaft of Pa*-
cem. The ftiip was driven into the port of Timia,
on the coaft of Sumatra, where ftie periftied. j .n
The ftorm beirjg now abated, Albuquerque prd^
ceeded in his courfc. The number of men in Alpo-
em's ftiip being confiderably increafed^ provifions be-
gan to fail ; but want of water was their greaceft mis-
fortune, and they would certainly all have perifhed^
had they not luckily fallen in with two fhips, loaded
v/ith water and provifions. Albuquerque put Simon
Andrade, and fifteen Portuguefe aboard one of thefe
veflels : he detained the captain, and a few of the
Arabians, by way of hdftages. The pilot of this ve^-
id being an Arabian, fteered her into one of the Mai-
dive iflands, which was full of the zamorin's troops :
Andrade and the reft of the Portuguefe had certainly
been put to the fword, if the Calicutians had not been
reftrained by the fear of Albuquerque's ficrificing the
hoftages to his refentmenr. After having undergone
various hardfhips, they came fafc to Cochin. In the
late ftorm many valuable things aboard the admiral's
fhip were loft ; but he regretted the lofs of nothing fo
much as two iron lions of very curious workmanlhip,
and the bracelet which ftopped bleeding: thefe he in-
tended to have prefented to Emmanuel. Albuquer-
que arrived at Cochin in the beginning of February
1512. Having received certain intelligence of the
ftaie of affairs at Goa, he appointed Emmanuel La-
cerda, to be governor of the city, and difpatched him
to
io The History of Book VIII.
to that illand, with a reinforcement of foldiers in eight
flying boats ; and, at the lame time, affured him, that
he himfelf would come to his afTiftance in a few days.
But Lacerda at his arrival, wrote back to Albuquerque^
informing him, that there was no occafion for hurry^
fince the city was in a good pofture of defence. He
therefore advifed him to wait for fome fhips from Por-
tugal, that he might be in a condition to take Benafter
by ftorm ; for he thought it would be demeaning his
dignity to come to the ifland, unlefs he had a fufficient
force to carry on that exploit. Albuquerque followed
this advice, and in the mean while made a ftrid exa-
mination into the condudt of the Portuguefe at Cochin,
during his abfence. He ordered feveral to be baftina-
doed for crimes they had committed : he inflided pu-
nilhment with great ftridlnefs ; yet, at the fame time,
nothing gave him more uneafinefs than that any of his
men fhould have deferved fuch chaftifement.
About this time Pedro Mafcaregn, who failed from
Lifbon with Garcia Norhona, arrived at Cochin, who
brought news that the reft of the fleet from Portugal
would likewife be there very foon.
At the fame time an embaffador came from the
king of the Maldive idands, defiring the friendfhip and
protedion of the Portuguefe. This prince was wil-
ling to become fubjed: to Emmanuel, and to pay an
yearly tribute. A treaty was accordingly entered into
betwixt him and Albuquerque.
But to return to the affairs of Further India. After
Albuquerque departed from Malacca, the Indian in-
habitants who had been in the Portuguefe intereft,
were now in the utmoft confternation. They thought
that in his abfence, they muft certainly be all inevita-
bly deftroyed by their enemies. Their fears were
dill more encreafed by a report which prevailed that
Laffaman was coming with a formidable fleet againft
the Portuguefe. Andrade thought it bcfl; to engage
Laflaman before he reached the harbour, and accord-
iingly fct fail for that purpofe, Patequitir having re=-
ceive^d
Book VIII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 8t
ccived intelligence of liis dtparture entered the city in
the night ; he fuddenly attacked and took a brigan-
tine lying in the harbour, commanded by Alphonfo
Chiaigno, a very brave youth, who was killed afcer
having made a mod gallant defence : the reft of the
men were taken prifoners. He found in this vefTel a
gun of the largeft lize, called a camel.
Andrade not having met with Lalfaman's fleer, re-
turned again into the harbour, and was nowrefolved
to attack the fort, where Patequitir and his men were
ilationed. Being determined to carry on the affault
at once by fc a and land, he therefore difpatched Al-
phonfo Perfona with one thoiifand live hundred Indians,
and a few Portuguefe to march near the (hore. He
fent George Botello to begin the attack by water,
whilfl: hehimfelf followed wi'h a confiderable number
of barks and pinnaces. Alphonfo, at the fame time,
made an attack with his land forces, fo that the fort
was quickly carried, and the greateft part of the
garrifo.'i were either killed or put to flight. When
Andrade entered, he found a block ail befmeared with
frelh blood ; this was the blood of a Portuguefe cap-
tive, who being commanded by the enemy to point
^ cannon againft Andrade, refufed to comply notwith-
flanding their terrible menaces. Patequitir was {o ex-
afperatcd at his refufal, that he ordered him to be
beheaded.
Whilft Andrade's forces were bufy, fome in plun-
dering the enemy's camp, and others in conveying trieir
guns aboard the fhips, a body of four hundred Ara-
bians drawn up in battalia appeared in fight. They
brought with them three elephants, with turrets on
their backs. In each of thefe there were twenty ar-
chers. George Botello, as he happened to be nearefl,
made the firll attack on the enemy. He ordered his
men to allov/ the firft elephant topafs unmolcfted, and
only to attack the manager. They accordingly opened
a pafTage for the elephants, but at the fame time they
killed the manager with their darts. The animal
Vol. II. G thus
S.2 The History oi Book VIII.
thus deprived of a guide, (lopped fhort, and being foon
after vvoundtd in the breaft by a bullet (hoc from Bo-
telio's long boat, dropped down lifelels. The other
two elephants were then thrown into the utmoft dif-
order, and all the Arabians were eafily routed. There
were many rich fliips in the river, which the Portu-
guefe took and plundered.
Our people having been thus fuccefsful, returned
into tht city. Patcquitir moved four milrs from
thence, and having pitched on a place more ftrong
than the former by its natural fituation, he furrounded
it with a deeper ditch, and fortified ic with a more
numerous garrifon, which he divided in:o four dif-
ferf-nt llations. Andrade marched out, and attacked
the firll, which he eafily took : but when he attempted
the fecond, the perfon ftiled the king of Malacca,
rufhed out at the head of a conficierable number of the
enemy, and attacked our people with fo much fury, that
they were obliged to retreat. In this rencounter twelve
of the Portugucfe were killed, amongll thefe were
Roderick Aravio, Chriflophcr Malcaregn, George
Garoia, and Anthony Aztvcd. Andrade and Pedro
Fario, with fevcral others, were likewife wounded.
Patequirir being fluflied with this fuccefs, gave great
hopes to tht^ pretended prince of Malacca, who or-
dered Laffaman to join his fleet with that fent to his
affiftance by the king ofArguin, (a country lying to
the fouthward, and adjoining to Malacca; and then to
attack ihe Portuguefe fleet in rhe harbour of Malacca.
Andrade being apprized of their defigrs, failed out of
the harbour, and attacked J.aiTaman's fleet in the
mouth of the nver Muar. 1 he fisiht was extremely
hot, nor was it ended in one day. The Portuguefe,
however, at laft gained the vicflory : many of the ene-
my were killed, many driven to flight, and fcvcral of
their fhips were burnt.
About this time three fhips arrived at Malacca from
Albuquerque, Itored v;ith proviflons, and all manner
of warlike implemenrs, rogciher with (bme engineers.
4 But
BookVIII. thePORTUGUESE, &c. 83
But notwifhRanding -dm fupply, our people at Ma-
lacca were ftiil v^ry much pinched /or provifions.-
In order to remedy this calamity, Andrade failed to
the ftreights of Sin^apora f which is the fouthern boun-
dary of Malacca, and divides it from the continent)
there he took a ihip bjlongir.g to Patequ cir, loaded
with provificns, which he brought to Malacca. He
fent Lopez Azeved and George Botello to the fame
place, who reiurned with tiVec more of Patcquitii's
fhips, well ftored with provifions of all forts. GeorG;i
Gomez Cugna brought jikewifc another fupply frbm
the king of Pegu. About the fame time Anthony
Miranda, who had been fent ambaiLdor to the kino-
of Siam, returned to Malacca, having been treated by
that prince in the mod honourable manner.
Roderick Britto thinking that the preftrt opportu-
nity ought not to be neglecled, fitted out a fleet to
attack Patequitir now diiliearcened, ad in great di-
ftrefs for want of provifions by the lof of the fhips
v/hich our people n.id fcized. Fie defv.red the ileec
to Andrade, who accordingly went againft the ene-
my.
George Botello and Pedro Perfona, who command-
ed the firft line, attacked the enemy's ftations, and af-
ter great (laughter, made them elves maftcrs of them,
and at lad gained a comple-e V:6loiy. In this en-
gagemenione el phanr v/a? killed by Francifco Machiad,
another was taken, and two more fled away : Pace-
quitir being quite difpirited by this misfortune went
over to the ifle of Java with his family and effefts.
The pretended prince of Ma'acca betook himftlf to
Bantam. Lafl^aman likewife Iheered off, and left the
feas uninterrupted to ^ ur people. ^Afrer this fuccefs,
Andrade returned into the city, where there now
reigned peace and tranquillity.
About this time Anthony Abreu returned co Malac-
ca : he had been fent to examine the MoIikco iflands ;
but this he was unable to do by reafon of the fiorniy
weather. He touched, however, at the iOand of Am-
G z boyna,
84 The History of Book VIIL
boyna, from whence he brought fome cloves. He
went likewife to the iQands of Banda, which lie a lit-
tle more fouthward, and are five in number. The
foil there produces vaft quantities of the nutmeg-
trees, the flowers or bloffoms of which are not unlike
thofe of the pear or cherry-trees. The tree itfelf not
a little refembles the laurel. The natives are clown-
i(h and favage : they have a king, but him they ob-
lige to refign, as often as they pleafe ; and they in-
ilitute a fcnate or council of the oldeft men, to be their
rulers : in this manner they often change the form of
their government. Francifco Serran was likewife driven
by ftrefs of weather amongft thefe iflands, where he
fuffered fhipwreck. He and his men, however, ef-
caped to Tcrnate, the prince of which ifland treated
him with great civility, and gave him many confi-
derable prefents.
Whiltl thefe things happened in the more eallern
regions, Albuquerque was making the moll vigorous
preparations for war, and Garcia Norhona, who win-
tered at Mozambique, was arrived at Cochin. George
Melos Pereire, and Garcia Soufa, who had fet out
from Lifbon with a fleet of twelve fail, having had
a quick pafTage, arrived likewife at Cochin much about
the fame time. In this fleet there were above two
thoufand Portuguefe. Albuquerque now thought there
was no time to be loft, and accordingly failed for
Goa with fixteen fliips. Pedro Mafcaregn governor
of the fort of Cochin, dec'ared he could by no means
bear, that fuch an important afl'air fhould be carried
on without his perfonal affillancc-, having therefore ap-
pointed another in his place, he himfelf went in the
fleet bound for Goa. In the courfe thither, Albuquer-
que touched at Cananor, the fort of which place he en-
crufted to the management of George Melos, and fet-
tled feveral difputes betwixt the Porcuguefe and the
Arabian merchants of that city, with the utmoft juf-
tice and impartiality. Here he received a letter by a
Jew, from the Porcuguefe belonging to George Qua-
dra's
Book VIII. the P O R T U G U E S E, &c. 85
dra*s fhip, who being feparated from Lemo's fleet by
llrefs of weather, had fiifFered iliip wreck, and were af-
terwards taken prifoners by the Arabians. The purport
of this letter was, that the grand fignior was about to
build a fort at the mouth of the red fea, and that he
intended to florm the city of Aden. When Albu-
querque failed byOnar, another Jew gave him the fame
information, telling him likewife, that he might very
eafily make himfelf mafter of Aden, before the grand
fignior fat down before it with his forces : for he
faid the inhabitants had revolted from this monarch,
and he was fure they would much rather chufe to be
under the mild government of the Portuguefe, thari
the oppreflion of that tyrant.
Mclrao came likewife to meet Albuquerque, and
informed him that Zabaim was levying an army of
twenty thoufand men, to be a further fccurity to the
city and fort of Benaftar. He therefore adviftd him
to make all pofTible hade to attack the place, before
this large army could be united with the garrifon al-
ready in the town. Albuquerque accordingly failed
with the utmoft expedition to Goa, and immediately
begun the fiege. The garrifon played their cannon
on our fieet with great fury : the fliips fuffcred
great damage, particularly from a culverine of the
largeft fize which the enemy had in their pofTeffion :
this, however, was luckily deftroyed by the dexterity
of a Portuguefe engineer, who fired a ball from a
mortar into the mouth of this cannon, and tore it to
pieces. Albuquerque marched to the city, defigning
to go frOiTi thence with his forces to Benaftar, that
he might by this means block up the enemy by fea
and land. But Rozalcam having drawn out two hun-
dred and fifty cavalry, and a confiderable number of
foot, marched towards Goa. Pedro Mafcarfgn, Garcia
Norhona, Emmanuel Lacerda, Lopez Vafco Pelagio,
John Fidelgo, and Roderigo GundifTalvo Camigna,
with a body of foldiers went out to meet him. A
battle tni'ucd, wherein the enemy was routed : our
G 3 people
85 The History of Book VIII.
people purfued them into the town with great fury,
and even attempted to fcale the wails by help of their
fpears. Lopez Vafco Felagio, and Pedro Mafcaregn,
greatly diftinguifhed ihemfdves in this a6lion. The
befieged from the walls threw all manner of weapons
on our people: fome were killed and many wounded.
Emmanuel Lacerda being wounded with a ftone, fell
from his horfe, and woula have been killed, had he
rot been aflifted by Pedro Dccio. Great numbers of
the Portuguefe would certainly have been cut ofFthat
day, h;=id their fury not been checked by tlie prudent
Albuquerque, who drew them off when thus endea-
vouring to mount the walls with more bravery than
difcretion. Albuquerque having retired into the ci'y,
about two days afterwards drew out all his forces,
leaving only a fuilicient number by way of guard.
His army confiflicd of three thoufand Portugueic, be-
fides a confiderable number of Indians. The train of
artillery, the covered galleries, and all other thi.^gs ne-
CvfTary for carrying on a fiege were drawn before the
army. Our people after having encamped, began the
attack by fea and land with great fury. Bat the af-
fair was extremely dangerous and difficult; for the
town was fortified with thick walls, on which there
were m^any toweis, from whence the enemy nighr and
day poured their dart>, and made great havock a-
mongft our people. The Portugnefe went on wit!^
amazing intrepidity ; but the difficukies they had to
encounter were unlurmountable, and all their utmofl
efforts proved ineffcdual. In fhort, finding they could-
not carry their point by open force, they therefore
refolved, if poffible, to flarve them to a furrendery,
Albuquerque accordingly took all pollible precaution
to prevent any fupply being conveyed into the town.
The enemy were then reduced to the greatcfl: extremity;
for all their flock was ^Imofl exhaulted by their great
number, and at the fame time all communication was
cut off by our (hips and land forces.
Rozalcam
BookVill. the PORTUGUESE, &c. g;
Rozalcam being driven by necefTjty, was refolvcd
to make a fally, in order to drive our people from the
blockade. He accordingly fcnt out fbme of his
bed men, with the mod gallant officers. Eie hiirifelf
flak! at the gate with a body of refer ve to fupport th^-m
if there was occafion. This detached body of the ene^
my, accordingly rufhed with undaunted courage upon
the ftation commanded by Emmanuel Soufi Tavaris,
who made a gallant refiftance; but he was killed and
all his men forced to retiear. Pufhed on by hunger
and defpair, they fell next on Garcia Norhona's ftation,
and drove the foldiers there likewife to flig'-jt : but
Pedro Mafcaregn coming up with his m-n, rallied
the fcatttred Portuguefe, and charged the etjcmy with
amazing courage. The conflidt w.is cx:remely obfli-
nate on both fides, and was not only carried on with
fire arms and fpears, hut alfo with fwords, daggers,
and their very fiits. The eneniy, however being una-
ble to force dieir way farther, returned into the town,
without receiving any conflderable damage. Albu-
querque, in order to provide againll any future irrup-
tion of the befieged, drew a larger trench, and made
a flronger rampart. The enemy b-ing now reduced
to the utmoil mifery by famine, lued for prace. Tnis
was accordingly granted, and the conditions were thcfc:
* That they fliouid deliver up all the Chridian de-
* ferters. That they fliould likewife reflore the two
* fhips Vv^hich they had taken in the pafs of Notoa at
* their entrance into the ifland. That they fhould fur-
' render tjie town and citadel together wirh all their
* horfes, arms, and engines of war, and all the fliips
' in the ifland.' Albuquerque promifed he would
allow thv-m to march out with all their other cfFe6l.%
and at the fame time airured them, he would not puc
to death the Portuj^^uefe who had renounced rhcir re-
ligion. Thefe articles being pundlually p.'rformed,
the enemv paficd over to thft continent, and our people
entered ihc rown. Albuquerque did not indeed put
to death ihe Poitugucfe renegado's, but, in oider to
G A deter
8? The H I s T o R V of Book VIIL
deter ethers from the like treachery, he inflidled on
them a punifhment more terrible than death itfelf:
for he ordered their nofes, ears, right hands, and left
thumbs to be cutoff, and in this condition to befent
to Portugal. Fernando Lopez was one of rhefe un-
happy wretches, but being a man of a noble family,
he obtained, as a favour, that he fhould be left on the
ifland of St. Helena. He fowed and planted this
ifland v;ith various fiui^s and trees, which afterwards
became extremely ferviceable to the fliips putting in to
water at that place.
This war being ended, Albuquerque difpatched
Norhona to Cochin, firfl to get ready the fleet to
fail for Portugal, and then to cruize along the coall
of Calicut, to intercept every Arabian fhip palTing
that way. He likewifefent Garcia Soufa with a fleet,
to intercept all the fhips loaded with Perfian horfes,
and to oblige them to put in at Goa. He, at the
fame time, treated in the kindefl: manner, all thofe
who came into this harbour : he alio lowered the du-
ties-, fo that the merchants being highly pleafed with
this gcncrofity, began to drive on a confiderable trade
at Go?, in horles and all forts of merchandize. Thus
it happened, that this leflfening the duties did not di-
minilli, but confiderably increafe the revenue of E.m-
manucl. The fame of Albuquerque being fpread over
all India, many princes fo much admired the heroick
exploits of the Portuguefe, that they chofe to become
fubje^l to Emmanuel : when under his protedlion they
thought they fhould live free from the infults and op-
prefTion of other haughty tyrants. The king of Ven-
gaffor (an inland country, adjacent to the dominions
of Rabaim) fent an embaflador at this time to Albu-
querque. That prince expreffed the highefl affedion
snd eflcem. for the Portuguefe, and was extremely
defirous of becoming a friend and ally to Emmanuel.
He faid, if there was occafion, he would afTifi: in the
war againft Zabaim •, that he v/ould fupply our people
v/ith provifions j and with the utmoft zeal fludy to
' ' ' promote
Book VIII. the PORTUGUESE, &G. 89
promote the intercft and dignity of Emmanuel. He,
at the fame time, defined he might be allowed every
year to purchafe three hundred horfes, at the nfual
price. His requeft was accordingly granted ; and the
ambafTador, at his departure, received many marks of
honour.
Soon after two deputies came to Albuquerque from
Zabaim Dalcam, fuing for peace, and defining libejty
to buy horfes, which he intended to make ufc of againft
the neighbouring nations. This favour was likewife
grafted to that prince, and DiL^go Fernando Fario
was immediately difpatched to draw up ariiclcs of trea-
ty. About the fame time a deputy arrived from Me-
llchiaz: he brought wirh him a (hip loaded with pro-
yifions; and in the name of his mad r, congra ulated
Albuquerque on the rcdudion of Malacca. The vi-
ceroy exprefled the utmofl gratitude for this kindnefs;
he difmifled the deputy with many prefent>, and for-
got not to repay the kindnefs of Melichiaz in the mod
liberal manner. Another deputy came likewife fr -m
the king of Gambaya, bringing along with him the
Portuguefe captives *, who was alfo treated in the fame
honourable manner. Albuquerque being informed,
that the governor of Dabul kept in cuftody an am-
bafTador, who was fent from the emperor of AbyfTina
to Emmanuel ; he immediately fent to demand him.
This was complied with, and the ambaflador being
condu(5led Vs^iih great pomp to Goa, he was welcomed
there by the priefts, who fung joyful hymns at his en-
trance ; for he brought with him a piece of the crofs
on which our Saviour fuffered. This he intended to
carry as a prefcnt to Emmanuel from his mailer. There
came likewife an ambafTador from the king of Ormus,
who was alfo received, and difmifled with great civi-
lity,
Whilft: thefe things happened in Goa, Garcia Nor-
hona having, according to his orders, got ready the
fhips which were to fail for F^orrugal, v/as now cruizing
ne^r Calicut, Vv^hcn he received a letter from Naubea-
darim.
90 The History oF Book VIIL
darim, heir apparent to the crown of Calicut. This
prince, as we have already obferved, always retained a
fevourable difpofition towards the Portuguefe. In his
letter to Noriiona he faid, that if it was acceptable to
Albuquerque, he could bring about a pc^ace betwixt
him and the zamorin ; and that our people fhould be
allowed to build a fort in the city of Calicut. Nor-
hona fent notice of this to Albuquerque, who was
extremely pleafed with the propofal ; for as he intend-
ed to fail to the Red Sea, he was for that reafon defir*
ous, that every thing fhould be on a peaceable f(;oting
in India. A peace was accordingly concluded, and the
foundation of a fort was laid in that place where tiie
royal palace formerly Hood. Albuquerque fet out on
his voyage for the Red Sea, in the month of March
1712.
In the mean while the follov^ing things happened in
Africa, fearraxa and Almandarin, having entered the
territories of the Moors under Emmanuel, ravaged
their lands, and defiroyed all their corn. They like-
wife committed the like depredations on the confineG
of Arzila. They marched next to the neighbourhood
of Tangier: this city was at that time governed by
Duarre Meneze, who fummoned a council, in order to
confidcr what meaRires were molt proper to be follow-
ed in the prefcnt jundure. The enemy had now ad-
vanced with great rapidity, and had fired feveral barns
{locked with great quantities of unrhrefhed corn. The
fiames quite difpelled diedarknefs of the night ; fothat
our people had a clear view of the enemy from their
walls. Menez was extremely vigilant, and m:ide all
necefiary preparations to hold out a ficgCj or to engage
in the field. He fent out fcouts to reconnoitre the
enemy, and he himfcif by day- break, with a body of
armed men, marched to one of the gates, where he
waited their return. They accordingly brought word,
that the enemy feemed to be very numerous, both in
fbot and cavalry, and were encamped behind fome
hills where they had poRcd guards. It would there-
fore.
Book VIII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 91
fore, they thought, be highly imprudent, with fo fmall
a force, to attack an army elevated with fuccefs, and
fo much fuperior in numbers. Duarte had at that time
only two hundred horfe and three hundred foot -, ne-
verthelefs he refolved to advance towards the enemy.
Having accordingly afccnded the hill, where he had a
view of their numbers, the enemy retired, being re-
folved to draw Menez to fome diilance from (he city;
our people followed them gently. When they had
marched about two miles 'hey halted and raifed a loud
iliout. But Barraxa called our, ' This empty noife
* will avail nothing; tht Portugutfe are not thus to be
* frightened. U you have any hope of vidory, let it
* be placed in bravery, and let me behold you face
^ the enemy with undaunted courage, and engage them
' fword in hand.' Having fpoke thefe words, he led
on his foldiers to the engagement. The vanguard of
the Portugutfe confiiied of fixty cavalry, and was com-
manded by Pedro Leitan, who had been lent before in
the night. Pie flood the firfl: fhock of the enemy,
but was quite overpowered by their numbers. Menez,
who relied much on the galiantry of Leitan, thought
he had no occafion to hurry, and accordingly advanced
but flowly ; being refolved to (hi upon the enemy when
their ranks were difordered by the fight. Accordingly,
when he faw occafion, he ordered his foot to attack
them on one fide, whilft he himfelf, with fome hcrfe,
flanked them on the other. The battle was fought
with great keennefs on both fides, and continued above
an hour; when the enemy's fury being fomewhat abated,
our people redoubled their vigour, and at laft routed
the Moors. Almandarin was the firft who quitted the
field ; he fied with one hundred horfe. Leitan pur-
fued him, and would have killed 5r taken him pri-
f>ner, had not his cavalry been fo much engaged in
purfuit of the enemy's foot -, whom they followed fo
eagerly, that they would noc return, though frequent-
ly called on bv Leitan. B.uraxa behaved with great
gallantry in this adion. When he found his men in
age.
92 The History of Book VIII.
a general conflernation after the flight of Almandarin,
he retired, but in fuch a manner as to preferve the or-
der of h s troops. Menez followed them twelve miles.
But Barraxa having at laft got to a narrow pafs on a
mountain, Menez then thought proper to withdraw
his men from the purfult. Above fix hundred of the
enemy ftll that day -, tv;o hundred and forty were
taken prifoners, amongft whom were the captains of
the hrft line of Almandarin's corps, Barraxa's ftandard-
bearer, and many other perfons of diftinflion. Their
ftandards and tents were likewife taken, and our people
made a confiderable booty. Barraxa himfelf had a
very narrow efcape; for his horfe was killed under him,
but another being quickly brought, he got oflT with
fafety. In this affair our people had only four killed
and three wounded. Menez having been thus fuc-
cefsful, returned into the city -, where he ordered a
public thankfgiving for this remarkable victory.
Nor did the garrifon of Saffia enjoy quiet at this
time ; for the neighbouring Moors, fpirued on by their
chiefs, refufed to pay the tribute they owed, and com-
mitted hollilities on thofe who remained faithful to the
Portuguefe. Our people, therefore, in order to pro-
ted: their friends, and check the infolence of thefe re-
bels, were obliged to make frequent incurfions on their
territories. Nunnez Fernando Ataide, difpatched this
year Lopez Barriga, a very able officer, to Dabid, (a
town about forty miles from. SafHa) to afTift the inha-
bitants againft the people of Xiatim. Dabid ftands
on a high hill in Xiatim, near the river Aguz. The
inhabitants of Xiatim being much more numerous thaa
thofe of Dabid, frequently attacked them in a hofiile
manner J and Barriga accordingly went to revenge thefe
injuries. Soon after his return to Saffia, the people of
Xiatim having received intelligence, that Jehabentaf
was going round to demand the tribute due to Emma-
nuel, they got together eight hundred horfe, v/ith
which they imagined they coukl eafiiy overpower him.
Jehabentaf was at that time in the caille of M'-rabella,
with
Book VIII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 93
with one hundred and fixty cavalry only : but as foon
as he heard the enemy were approaching, he joined to
his own men fome of the citizens of Dabid, and ad-
vanced to meet them, notwithftanding he was fo much
inferior in numbers. Having accordingly attacked the
Xiatimians, he drove them to flight, and took two of
their chiefs prifoners. One of the principal inhabitants
of Dabid, named Acum, having purfued the enemy
too eagerly, was taken prifoner. Very few were killed
in this rencounter ; for the Arabians being extremely
avaricious, fave the lives of their enemy, that they
may get money for their ranfom ; and, befides, they
account it a great honour to have many captives. This
war was foon ended by an exchange of prifoners, and
a renewal of the former treaty ; and tribute was ac-
cordingly paid to Emmanuel.
Some time after Ataide fent out Baniga, with Jeha-
bentaf, again ft the village of Areze, fituate at the
bottom of Guibel Hadith, or the Iron mountain, in
order to reduce the inhabitants to obedience by force
of arms. He accordingly fet out in the filence of the
night; and having entered the place by day-break,
killed many of the enemy, and took feveral prifoners ;
the reft fled towards the mountain. Our people re-
turned in fafcty to the city with their booty. But the
inhabitants of Tazarof, having entered into a league
with thofe of Areze, made inroads on the territories
of Saffia. Ataide marched out againfl them, and hav-
ing routed them, put them to flight-, he alfo killed fe-
veral, and then led back his troops, without receiving
the leaft damage.
Mean while Lewis Monez, Ton of the Conde di
Taragona, and Alvaro Norhona, came to Saffia with
two hundred cavalry. They were fent by Emmanuel
as a reinforcement to the garrifon, to be under the
command of Ataide, and to enter upon any enterprize
he fhould think proper. Ataide being defirous thefe
noble youths fhould have an opportunity of didinguifh-
ing themfelves, that they might return to Portugal
with
94 The H I s T o R Y df Book VIll
with reputation, therefore refolved to take them to AI-
medina. This city was very populous, and is fur-
rounded with walls. The inhabitants generally give
ihemfclves up to hufbandry and breeding of cattle j
fo that they abound in corn and provifions of all forts.
Their drefs and way of living is more elegant than
mod of the Arabians in this part of Africa. The city
was at that time divided into two fad:ions, one in the
intereft of Emmanuel, and the other attached to the
king of Fez. The city owed tribute to his Portuguefe
majefiy -, but the king of Fez's party, having found
means to bring into the city feme of his troops, they
were now able to over-awe the friends of Emmanuel ;
and accordingly hindered them from paying the tri-
bute. Ataide having marched out with four hundred
horfe, and a company of foot, came before the gates
of Almedina by day-break. The enemy, however,
had been apprized of his defign by their fcouts. They
had then in the city fix hundred cavalry and one thou-
fand foot, all m.en of bravery, and ready to receive
their enemy. Ataide thought to have furprifed them;
accordingly when he approached the walls, he drew up
his men in two lines. One he gave to Alvaro Nor-
hogna, with orders to attack the gate towards Moroc-
co, whilft he himfelf went with the other to the op-
polite one. The enemy of their own accord opened
the gares, and offered batfle. The fight was accord-
ingly begun with great heat on both ficles. Our people
at nrft gave ground, but recovering their fpirits, they
renewed the charge with uncommon vigour. The
engagement having continued a confiderable time, vic-
tory feemed to incline to neither fide •, and, at lad,
both armies being equally tired, left the field. Ataide
retreated with his forces, and the enemy retired with-
in their walls. Twenty of the enemy, and three of
our people fell in this rencounter ; but great numbers
were wounded on both fides.
Ataide, who could not endure to lie in a (late of in-
ad^ion, foon after formed a fcheme of marching in the
dead
BookVIII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 95
dead of the night, to attack a parry of the enemy
which lay encamped near Almedina. But when he
iinderftood they were apprized of his defign, he drew
back his forces, notwithl-anding he had already gone
a conliderable part of the way. At this time an Ara-
bian came and informed him, that the king of Mo-
rocco intended to lay wait, in order to attack him in
his return. Ataide faid he was overjoyed at this news,
and having given the Arabian a preient, ' Go tell that
' prince (faid he) I will expedt him in the field.' But
this intelligence proved talle y for the king did not
meet Ataide, but marched dirediy to the province of
Ducala, where he entered into a league with the prince
of the mountains ao;ainft the Portiu^uefe. Ataide hav-
ing waited a confiderable time to no purpofe, at lafi:
marched in the night to Saffia.
About this time Nunnez Mafcaregn arrived with
one hundred horfe, and Lewis Mencz with Alvaro
Norhona, were recalled to Portugal. There v/ere
now in this city above feven hundred cavalry ; with
thefe Ataide made frequent incurfions on the rebellious
Moors, and proteclried the tributaries of thePortuguefe.
Being defirous to have fome intelligence of the enemy,
who were encamped about twelve miles off, he di(-
patched Barriga for that purpofe ; who accordingly fee
out in the night with thirty horl':; ; and having reached
their camp by day-break, he killed (ix of their men
and took tour priloiiers ; and this with {o miUch expe-
dition, that he recreated before the enemy were in rea-
dinefs to purfue him. Ataide having learned from thefe
captives the defigns of the enemy, ihe pofition of their
camp, and the number of their forces, next day fenc
out Lopez Barriga with one hundred and hfty horfe.
Nunnez Mafcaregn followed him with one hundred
more, in order to lie in ambufh in a proper place. Ataide
himfelf marched lafl wi h the remainder of the army,
to fupport them when there was occafion. Barriga
in his firfl excurfion having iurpnzed the enemy,
killed five of them, took fourteen priioners, and car-
ried off a confiderable number of caulc. The eneir.y
full
^6 TRe History of Book VIIL
full of indignation to be thus infulted with impunity,^
lent out four hundred horfe, who attacked Barrig^
with gri^at fury. He retreated in good order till he
came to the place where Mafcaregn Jay in ambuf-
cade ; who having fallied forth, the engagement was
renewed with great vigour. The combatants on
both fides fought with vail obftinacy ; nor, confider-
ing the fmallnefs of their number, was there ever be-
twixt our people and the Moors, a moredefperate ren-
counter ; for the enemy kept their ranks, and main-
tained the conflid with uncommon ardour ; whilfi: the
Portuguefe, though fatigued with their march, benaved
with an equal degree of courage, for not a (ingle man
turned his back. Several were wounded, and ieveral
difmounted, but not one was killed. Our people^
huwever, at lalt began to give ground, when Ataide
coming up, received them, and flopped the progrefs
of the enemy : but Barriga and Mafcaregn's men, be-
ing greatly fatigued, Ataide did not chufe to proceed
farther. He was, at the fame time, afraid that the
enemy might receive a reinforcement from the camp^
and tall upon our people almofl fpent with fatigue.
He I: ft the booty, that he might not be encumbered
in his march 5 and retired into the city with his men.
About a week afterwards, Ataide having received
intelligence, that the king of Morocco v;as encamped
near Qmtincape, not a great way off, he fct out in the
evening; and whilft the king was at fupper, attacked
and took priibners two of his troops of horfe ; and hav-
ing put their camp mto the utmoft confternation, he
made a quick and fafe retreat with his men. The ene-
my did indeed difcharge many of their darts, and other
miffive weapons ; being fituate on a rifing ground,
they threw down fuch vad quantities of (lones, that
the place was called Stoney-hill from that time, Ne-
verthelefs, Ataide carried off a con fidr^rable booty, and
returned fafe with his men by break of day. The
Portuguefe in this rencounter tock above three hundred
priibners, befidcs many horfe and camels.
The
BookVIir. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 97
The king was now refolved to encamp in a (Ironger
place : for this purpofe he pitched on a valley lying un-
der the mountain idcnar. This valley begins excrcrmely
narrow, being bounded on each fide by the hilis, buc
by degrees it widens : he accordingly encamped in thefe
ftreights. As foon as Ataide received mteHigen-e of
th:s, he marched out in the night with five hundred horfe,
together with a confiderabie body of Arabians, under
the command of Jehabentaf •, and having reached their
camp, fell upon therm unaware , which threw iheni
into f-ich confternarion, that i hough many hadily
took up fuch arms as chance directed them to, yec
none had courage to ufe them, but all fled in the
mod precipitate manner. The king himfelf did not
wait till his own horie was got^ready^ but mounting
the firft which he could get, made his efcape. Our
people killed many in thecanjp, and carried off a con-
fiderabie booty. They likewife took a vail: number of
prifoners, both men and women, whom they made
flaves. Amongif the female captives there was one of
extraordinary beauty, who was one of the king's con-
cubines, and beloved by him in the moft palTionate
manner. Some of the Portuguefe were wounded in
this affair -, amongft the reft Ataide, who received a
v/ound in his face.
Some days after, the people of Almedina made an
inroad into the neighbourhood of Saffia, andpoftedthem-
felves in ambufli in two different places ; which Ataide
being informed of, led out a party of his men
againfi: them. A battle enfued, which was oblVinately
fought on both fides : but at iatf the enemy were rout-
ed and put to flight. Forty eight of them were killed
in this fkirmifh, whilft only three of our people wtvQ
mifling. A great many more of^ths enemy v,^ouId
certainly have fallen, had not the flaughter been pre-
vented by their hally flight, and the difcredon of the
Portuguefe general ; who would not allow his men to
follow them farther, led, from an eagerncfs in the pur-
luir, they might full into fomeambuih.
voL.ri. 11 At
5 8 The H X s r o r y ot Book VIII.
At another time about ft ven hundred of the Arabian
cavalry made an incurfion on the lands near Saffia •, and
having fired the corn in the fields, they immediate-
ly marched back again. But .Ataide obferving
that they went off with great confidence and fecurity,
lent out after them Lopez Barriga, with one hundred
and fixty of his choiccft cavalry. He, at the fame
time, difpatched Nunnez Catto, a man of great gal-
lantry, from another gate, with a troop of horfe, in
order that the enemy might be attacked at once from
two diflcrent quarters. The latter of thefe gentlemen
came up fir ft with them ; but his detachment was in
great danger from the fiercenefs of fuch a numerous
enemy. But the arrival of Barriga, who came up foon
after, infufcd frcfli courage into Catto's men : and
the enemy were now charged with fo much fury, that
they betook themfelves to flight. Our people pur-
fued them four miles, with great flaughter ; and Bar-
riga returned into the city with the fpoils of their chief
commander: for he had with his own hand killed their
general, a man in high repute for his courage and ex-
perience in w^ar. But though he came off vidlorious,
yet he received m.any defperate wounds : however, the
glory of this exploit very much lefTened the pain of
his wounds. The name of this general was Jahoma-
zende. His head was brought into the city ; and be-
ing fixed on the point of a fpear, was placed on one
of the gates. The Arabians offered to redeem it by
a confiderable fum of money : this Ataide perempto-
rily refufed. But afterwards, when the people of Xer-
que made peace with the Portuguefe, this Vv^as made
one of the articles of the treafy, that the head of Ja-
homazende fliould be delivered up-, which v/as accord-
ingly performed. He had been one of the moft re-
nowned generals amongft the Arabians-, and his great
exploits in war, made him be remembred with a kind
of veneration. A peace being concluded v/ith the in-
habitants of Xerque, many others, induced by their
example, v/ere hkewife defirous of coming to an ac-
commodadon
Book VIIL the P O R T U G U E S E, &a 99
commodation with the Portuguefc. Jehabentaf aded
as a mediator ; nor v/as any heavier taxes impofed on
thofe who fubmitted than what thty formerly paid.
The war being brought to a conclufion in this part
of the country, and the tributaries reduced under fub-
jedlion, Ataide enliiled feveral of thtm in hi^ army,
that he might be more able to make head againfl: ihe
king of Morocco ; and one Xerifius, a man who ffoni
the fandity of his manners, and his courage in \va:l:ke
affairs, had acquired a kind of fovereignty amongit the
Arabians. Ataide had already 11 ruck fuch a terror in-
to thetii, that thry hardly thought themfcives fecure in
the (trongeft fortifications ; but being now freed from
other concerns, he refolved to carry on iht war againft
thefc two princes with all his vigour. He accordingly
difpatched Loptz Barriga, with one hundred and ntty
Portuguefe cavalry, and Jehabentaf with the auxi'iay
Arabians, to invade the territories of Morocco. When
they came to a place called Duam, about forty miles
from Saffia, they received informadon that a party of the
enemy lay encamptd in a fpacious plain called Alehauz,
fituate at the bottom of mount Atlas. Having found
this intelligence to be true by their fcouts, they marched
away with the utmoft expedinon, and made an un-
expeded attack upon the enemy. They killed above:
a thoufmd of them, took one hundred and fify pri-
foners, and m.ade a confiderable booty. They wenc
ilill farther, and invaded the territories of Ciarim,
where they killed many of the inhabitants, and car-
ried off one hundred captives. Herifius being en-
camped not a great way off, fent out a confiderable
party of his men againfl: our people. But Barriga, who
had received a confiderable reinforcement, gave them
a warm reception. The battle was fought with great:
obfiinacy oa both fides, and the vie^cory continued
doubtful for a long time. But the enemy, find-
ing themfelves unable to hold out any longer, at
lad retired into their ramp •, but our people did noc
PI 2 thinic
iGO The History of Book Vllf,
think it fafe to purfue them, left they might be over-^
powered by nimibtrs.
Some days after, Barriga endeavoured to ftorm
Taoli, a town in Xiatim. The inhabitants being re-
duced to the utmoft extremity, contrived the following
expedient to annoy the afiailants. They fet fire to
a great number of beehives, in which they greatly
abcLind, and threw them from the walls amongft our
people, who b-^ingatonce burnt by the fire and ftung
by the bets, were obliged to defift. Many of them
were likewife defperately wounded, amongft whom
was Barriga himlelf.
About this time Nunez Cugna arrived at Saffia
with one hundred horfe from Portugal, and Nunez
Mafc^rtgn was recalled home.
There is a town called Agur in that part of Mo-
rocco, which is in the confines of Saffia . this place
was at that time kept by a Portuguefe with fifty ar-
chers : thither Barriga and Jehabencaf repaired with
all their forces : there they received intelligence that the
king of Morocco was approaching with all his troops.
Ataide likewife got notice of this, and immediately
difpa ched Nunez Cugna with a reinforcement of two
iuindied cavalry : a party of the enemy attacked the
Portuguefe rear, but they were repulfed, and one of
their men was taken prifoner, whom Barriga fent to
Ataide. This man being interrogated about the de-
figns of rhe enemy, took an advantage to tell fuch
llories as woiktd up Ataide into the higheft fufpicion
of Jehabentaf's fidelity, and made him believe that
lie intended to betray our people. Ataide accordingly
wrote to Barriga to return with all the Portuguefe, and
l:ave Jehabcntaf. 1 hefe orders were accordingly com«
' ply'd with, and Roderick de Caftro with three of his
Jcrvant% were the only Portuguefe v/ho remained,
for they would not depart. Jehabcntaf was extremely
oiiendcd to be ihus abandoned at luch a dangerous junc-
ture, bur the thoughts of the approaching danger af-
fccred him but little, in companion of that uneafinefs
which
BookViir. thePORTUGUESE, ^c. iqi
which he felt for his honour and integrity being fuf-
pecled. He wrote a letter to Ataide, complaining
bitterly of this unworthy trearment, and faid he would
neverthelefs engage the king of Morocco with his
handful of men, that by a fignal vidory, or an ho-
nourable death, he might giv^e a proof of his zeal and
fidelity for the fervice of Emmanuel. Ataide being
moved by this letter, wrote back to him, that he
would fend him immediately five hundred horfe. But
when the meflenger reached Aguz, Jchabenraf was
already engaged with the king's numerous army.
The fight was fevere and obftinate: Jehabentaf and
his men performed wonders that day, and having at
laft: routed the enemy, killed great numbers of them.
He dripped the king of his camp, and made great
havock in the purfuit. The plunder was very con-
fiderable, for the enemy's camp was filled v/ith abun-
dance of all things.
Ataide, according to his promife, fcnt next day
Barriga and Cugna with five hundred cavalry. Buc
before their arrival Jehabentaf had gained a complete
victory. Ataide was not a little chagreened that nei-
ther he nor none of the Portuguefe commanders vv^ere
prefent at this engagement: at the fame time he was
highly condemned by many for his fiaiplicity in be-
ing fo far impofed on by the infinuations of a deceit-
ful man, as to fufpedl the fidelity of an ally, and
abandon him at fuch a dangerous jundure.
A few days after, Ataide fent Barriga againft ano-
ther place in Xiatim, which, after a fharp rencounter,
was taken by our people ; the enemy were partly kil-
led, and partly put to flight; and feveral were aUb
taken prifoners.
About the fame time, which wa^ in the year 151 r,
the king of Eez having been informed, that the town
of Tangier was but fiightly garrifoned, formacd a ds-
fign to take it by furprize. For this purpofe he
marched thither with a formidable army, but when
he came there, he found things not as he expected.
H 5 fiovvever.
102 The History of Book VIII,
However, he encamped his men, and befieged the place
for feveral days. Buc he found all his efforts in vain,
being obliged to raifc the liege with great fhame and
lofs. The following year he tried to wipe off this
ignominy, for having marched out with a confiderable
army, he f^it down before the city of Arziia. The
enemy advanced with great boldnefs, and having
forced the trenches, attacked our people polled there.
The Portuguefe made a gallant defence, Bernardo
Coiuign, having ipurred on his horfe againfl Adel, one
of their principal leaders, he thrufl: our one of his eyes
with a fpcar. Diego Coutign, brother jo Francifco
Coutign, Conde di Marialba, greatly diftinguifhed
bimfelf in this adion, but he was at Jaft k;lled by
the enemy. A few fell on both fides, and the king
finding he met with fo warm a reception, drew off
his men, and returned home, without being able to
accomplifli his defign.
But to return to the affairs of India. After Albu-
querque's depanure from Malacca, new diflurbances
began to arife. In order to give a diftind account of
which it may not be improper, briefly to defcribe the
narnre and fituation of fome of theSunda ifLinds. Tapro-
bane, now called Sumatra, is a large illand, lying to
the fouth wefl of Malacca. South eaft of Sumatra,
there are many iflands which produce great quanti-
ties of ipices, and are under the government of diffe-
rent princes. The chief of thefe iflands are the greater
and leiler Java, feparated from Sumatra by a narrow
fea, called the ftreighrs of Sunda : tney are extremely
rich and fertile, producing corn and fruits of all forts,
and alfo abounding in cattle and horfes. There is
jikewife game of all forts ; fo that the inhabitants have
the diverfions of hundng and fowling in great perfec-
tion : thofe of the natives who live on the fea coaff,
are generally of the Mahometan religion, and give
themfelves up to trade, exporting their fpices to all
parts in India. The natives in the more inland parts
are molfly Pagans, The men generally go naked
as
Book VJII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 103
as far as their waill-, though the better fore wear filk
and cotton garments. They do not (have but pluck
their beards ; but they (have their forehead, and curl
the reft with great nicety. They wear no covering
on their head, efleeming it diOionourable that this
part, wherein they think the luperioiity of man a-
bove other creatures confifts, fliould be concealed as
if it was a fliameful part of the body, if any one
but touches another man's head, this is refented as the
highefl infulr. They are a people of a warlike dS-
pofition, and v\ill encoii-nter the greatefl danger with
intrepidity. They are excellent mechanicks, making
all foi ts of arms, and warlike engines, with great dex-
terity : they can likewife cad brafs into all manner of
forms. They alfo underhand the art of building
fliips, which they make very large. They are care-
ful obfcrvers of the ftars, and pretend to be great
magicians. They take vafi delight in hunting, mak-
ing ufe of dogs and nets to catch the wild beail-\ They
likewife have a notion of ha^'king. The natives are
of a tavvney complexion. The women are tolera-
bly hindfome, and in general have a good fliare of
underftanding. They drefs very ek^gantiy, and dance
with a graceful air. They likewife take great plea-
fure in hunting, and being in their chariots, onen
accompany their hufbands into the woods and forefis.
The men live much after the manners and culloms
of the Chinefe, from whom they boafl themlelves to
be defcended.
In the greater Java there is a town called Japara :
in this place one Pateonuz redded, a man of the
greateft power and wealth in the city: before Malacca
was taken by Albuquerque, he had entered into a
combination with Utematuraja for the deftruclion of
that kii-^g. Utemataraja complained he had be.n
u^t-d very unworthily by the king of (Malacca, and fur
this realbn entered into the defign of Pateonuz, to de-
throne that prince. Pateonuz, prompted by his ambi-
tion, was refolded to ufe his ucmoil tiYoris to ac-
H 4 cumi'.hih
104 The History of Book VIII.
coniplifh this dcHgn. He accordingly fet about fit-
ting our a very large fleet, in preparing of which he
fpent liven years. But the purpofe for v^hich this
fquadron v^as equipped, he concealed wiih fo much
carefulnels, that nobody knew, nor fo much as fuf-
pe^led the true dcfign. He likewife fent fcveral of his
cmillaiies to Malacca, who luiked there under the ap-
pearance of merchants, and were to be ready with their
arms as foon as a proper occafion offered. Utematu-
raja knew all thefe men, and at his own expence en-
tertained many of them : there were great numbers
of them in Malacca at the time when Utematuraja
was put to death by Albuquerque. Thus a fecrec
poifon lay hid in the bowels of the ftate, whilft our
people lived in the utmofl fecurity without the ieafb
lufpicion.
After Utematuraja was cat off, Pateoniiz did not
drop his fchemc, but trufling in his powerful fleet, and
immenfe wealth, he flattered himfelf that he fhould be
able CO overthrow the prefent confliitution of Malacca,
and rnake himfelf mafl:er of that kingdom. He ac-
cordingly fet fail from Japara, with a confiderable
number of foldiers aboard a fleet of three hundred
fhips. He failed by the fl:reights of Sunda ; and the
formidable appearance of his fquadron fl:ruck a terror
into all the inhabitants on the neighbouring coafl:. Ro-
derigo Brittio Fatalin having received intelligence of
this affair, fent out Andrade with feven fhips to-
wards the (freights of Sunda, to obferve what courfe
they took : but the enemy having tacked about, had
taken the readicfc way to Malacca by the ftreights of
Saba. Andrade accordingly returned to the city with
all expedition. The enemy's fquadron being now in
ilght, filled the citizens with the utmoil ccnfternation,
Brittio Vv^as jefolved to engage them, and aflfumed to
himfelf the command of the Portuguefe fl.eet. This
gave the higefi umbrage to Andrade, who claimed
as his right the diredlion of maritime affairs; and faid
that the government of the fort and city was entrufled
to
Book VIII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 105
to Brirtio, who therefore ought to keep to his owa
province. Brittio, on thecontrary, maintained, that the
management of fea, as well as land affairs on thefe coafts
belongvrd CO him, and infifted that Andradc fliould
obey I'lis commands. Andrade being unwilhng to be
ftripped of his authority, this bred the highcft ani-
mofity betwixt thefc two commanders; To thAt Brittio
at Jalt put Andrade under confiiiement : but afterwards,
when he began to refiedt cooly on the matter, he
thought it was highly improper to alienate tlic af-
fections of fo able an officer at fuch a jun6lure. He
therefore fcnt to pacify Andradr, and entreat him to
go aboard his (hip, that he might have a fliare in the
honour of that day. Andrade thought he was in
duty bound to Hicrifice his private refentment to the
publick good, and accordingly wi h great readinefs
complied with this requelt.
Brittio committed the care of the fort to Ayres
Peryre, and he himfelf went aboard a three bank'd
galley. The fleet confilled of (ixteen fnips. Nina-
cher cruized near the fhore with fomc brigantines hav-
ing aboard fifteen hundred fokliers of Malacca. By
day break the enemy appeared under full fail, making to-
wards the harbour. The number of their Ojip^, and the
order in which they were drawn up, filled our people
with the utmoft altonifhment. The Portuguefe, how-
ever, flood away to meet them, being relolved to en-
gage them in the main fea. Botello, whcfe gal.'ey was
an excellent failer, having got ahead of the reft of
the fleet, made towards the enemy's fjagdiip : and
notwithftanding he was attacked by fifteen of their
pinnaces yet boldly forced his courfe. Pedro Fario,
with the utmoil expedition, failed after him, to give
him adiftance. They accordingly^ both at once at-
tacked the enemy's flag-fliip, which was of fo large
a fize, that her forecaflle was higher than the mait-
top of Botello's galley : they therefore thought it moil
expedient to engage her at a difi-ance. But fo great
was her flrength and thickiieh, that all the balls dif-
4 charged
io5 The History oF Book VII[.
cha'-gcd rebounded from her as if fne had been made
of flint. Botello and Fario finding all their efforts
to no purpofe, and at the fame time being afraid they
lliould be furrounded by the enemy, made off with as
much expedition as they had advanced. That day,
there were lome flight fi'fir mi flies, but no general en-
gagement ; for the enemy dechned it in the main
lea, being refolved, if poflible, to approach the city
with their whole force, thinking by this means to raifc
the greater conflcrnation : our people began likewife
to be averfe to it, from the apprehenfions they lay
under of being furrounded by the enemy's numerous
fieet. The enemy accordingly, in the clofe of the
evening came to anchor near the fhore, in fight of the
city, as our people did alfo at no great difl:ance from
the? land.
Brittio held a^ council of war, to cor.fider what
were the moft proper meafures to be followed in the
prefent jundure. All the oScers prefent earnefi:ly en-
treated him to quit the fleer, and return to the fort.
* For, (faid they) if we are worfted, you may ftill
' annoy the enemy from the fortrefs, and repair the
* damage we fliall fufl:ain. Befides, the nature of
* your office is fuch, that you are bound to take care
* of the forr-, nor is ii your bufinefs to leave the ciry,
^ and encounter dangers at fca.' Brittio, influenced
by thefe arguments, rerurned into the fort, and thus
Andrade was left fo!e commander of the naval forces.
Meanwhile the Arabians of Tava, who remained
in the city went to Fateonuz, and advifed him not
at that time to engage our people, bur to wait the
arrival of a fleet from the king of Bantam : that
when he had received this reinforcement, he might
then with the utmolf eale, overpower the Portuguefe
fleet, and in a few days reduce the fort by famine ;
in the mean time they advifed h-rn to v^^ithdraw his
?;eet to the river Muar. This advice was approved
of, and accordingly next morning by day-break the
enemy weighed an.^io-, and ilcod to lea. Andrade
v/as
Book VIII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 107
was not a little fiirprized at their fudden departure,
for he couid not deviie from what motive it proceeded.
However, he jumped into a long-boat, and went round
all his fleet, and having given directions to all the
officers, he then ordered the fails to be hoided, and
that our (hips fliould be drawn up in line of battle,
and in this order to purfue the enemy, in fuch a
manner, however, that they Hiould not come to ciofe
quarters, but at a diUance annoy them with their can-
non, and to throw granades into their Hiips. Thele
orders were accordingly put in execution with great
readinefs. Pateonuz obfcrving this, ordered his fleet
to croud all their fails. His men not underib.nding
ihe defjgn of his retreat, imagined that it proceeded
from fear and defpair, and accordingly made off in
the utmoft precipitation. Our people in the purfuic
uied their cannon with great fuccefs : they fuiik fe-
veral of the enemy's fhips, difabled many, and burnt
others. Their fieet being fired in feveral places, this
threw their men into the utmoft confternation, who
jumped over-board into the water, where lome of
them were drowned, and odiers died of the wounds
they received ; for cur people getting into their boars,
kilied manyof thtm as they v/ere fwimming.
Andrade finding, the enemy in fuch diilradior, Q^
plainly, that if he purfued them vigorouHy,' the war
might that day be iinifhed : but at the fime time
was afraid that he fhould be obhged to defiil for
want of ammunition, he therefore fent to Brittio for
a fupply, which was accordingly brought to him with
the utmoil expedition. But Pateonuz finding him-
felf thus clofrly prelTcd, joined four of the largell:
fhips with his owai in fuch a manner, that his Ihip
remained in the middle with two ^of each fide. He
ordered the choiceft of his m.en to be brought aboard
thef- fhip5, and that the remainder of the Seet Ilioukl
be drawn up in order, and kept Cj'ofe together, that
they m'ght withfland the fhock of our people with
the greater firmncfs. He ordered Lkewife, that they
' ' mould
loS The H I s T o R Y of Book VIIL
fhoiild all keep near the five fhips, and when too
cloie.iy prcfTcd, they might retreat to this bulwark,
as he imagined it to be, and from thence renew
the attack with frefh vigour. But what Pateonuz fo
much relied or, proved his deftru6t:on : for the other
iLips being deprived of their flouteft men, were now
unable to withfland the attack : befides, the enemy
were by this means, fo crowded together, that every
weapon difcharged by our people did execution. The
enemy's Tnipsv/ere partly funk, partly difabled, and
partly driven to (iight : and when their fleet was thus
ciiminifl-ied, our people durfl now approach and en-
gage thtm in clofe quarters. Martm Guedio having
already funk iorije of the enemy's fmalier fnips, nov/
attacked one of their largell:, and having boarded her,
partly killed the men, and partly drove them headlong
into the fea. John Lopez Albino in like manner
boarded another with the fame fuccefs: thefe two
fhips were immediately burnt. The reil of the Por-
tuguefe commanders behaved with great bravery and
emularion, and made confiderable havock amongft
the enemy. The five fifips now only remained, thefe
having the v/ind before them, made oft with crowded
fails. Ataidc being refolved to attack Pateonuz's fhio,
for this puipofe picked out fome of the choiceft men
from the reft of the Ihips, whom he put aboard his
own. But, however, not being able to come up with
the admiiral, he contented himlelf with attacking one
of the five, which he engaged with his grapl'ing hooks.
She was commanded by Temungam, a man of great
wealth, ai]d next in command to Pateonuz. Andrade
boarded her ai the fide, whilft Francifco at the fame
time entered at the forecaftle, and charged the enemy
with great fu'y. In the mean while Temungam's
nephev/, a youth of uncommon bravery, and com-
mander of another lurge flfip, perceiving the
danger in which his uncle was involved, advanced
to Andrade's ihip, v/hich he went on board without
any obilruclion; for Andrade and all his men were
nov/
Book VIII. the PORTUGUESE, &:c. 109
now engaged in Temungam's. Hence he got aboard
his uncle's fhip, where he greatly fignalized himfelf.
The engagement was more obfiinacc than could be
expedled from an enemy almolt vanquilhed. They
were fuperior in number, and being defperare, did
not fight fo much from hopes of vidory, as that they
might fell their lives as dear as poffible. Mean while,
George Botello attacked the fhip commanded bv Te-
mungam's nrphew, and having boarded licr, had a
moft furious engagement with thofe who were aboard.
The enemy, however, were at laft either cut to pieces,
or driven headlong into the fea, and the fliip was
burnr. Andrade and Francifco Meios had the like
Juccefs wifh the one which they attacked. Ninachet,
and Tuam Mahumed, who commanded a large ihip
called a junk, greatly diftinguifhed themfelves thac
day by their gallant behavior.
Of all the enemy's numerous fleet, there now only
remained Pateonuz's and two more. Thefe Andrade
endeavoured at a diftance to batter to pieces with his
cannon, for the fliips being very high, and the men
bold and defperate, he forefaw that it would be ex-
tremely hazardous, to attempt to board them. How-
ever, having kept a continual firing, he demolifhed
their rigging and deftroyed their forecaRles: but
their fides were of fuch prodigious ftrength, that he
was not able to pierce them. The fighc began at
day-break, and continued till night, when the dark-
nefs was fo great, that they could not fee each other:
Andrade therefore dropt anchor, being refolved next
morning as foon as light appeared, to attack ihe re-
mains of the enemy. But a fudden ftorm accompa-
nied with the mofb terrible thunder and lightening
feparatrd ihc fleet, and threatened all the fliips 'Aith
deftrudion ; for they narrowly eicaped running foul
of each other, or being da (lied to pieces on the
fhelvcs.
The florm being at Ml abated, and the licrht be-
ginning to appear, Botello and Mahumed v/cre dif-
covered
no The History of Book VIIL
covered lying near Pateonuz and the other two (hips.
They immediately attacked the enemy, and funk thcfe
two Hiips : but the balls having no effed: on Pateo-
nuz's fnip, fiie fciil remained fafe. Botello continued
the fighr, till his ammunirion failed. Trufling, how-
ever, to the fwifrnels of his fhip, he failed for the city
to gee a fupply •, in his way thither, he faw feveral of
the Portugucle fictc, which had been much fhatteredy
and fljflered great damage in the late ftorm. Having
furnifhed himfelf with ammunition^ he returned to
renew the attack on Pateonuz's (hip, but fhe having
got a fair wind, had flood away for the ifland of Java.
In this engagement Pateonuz loil fifty nine of thofe
large fhips called junks, befides a great number of
fmaller vcffels, which were either burnt or funk. E'ght
thoufand of the enemy Vv-ere deftroyedj of the Portu-
guefe, there were about thirty killed, and as many
wounded. When Andrade and the rtfl of the com-
manders entered the city, they were received by all
the citizens with the moft joyful acclamations, for
they were looked upon as the greatefl heroes for the
wonderful exploits they had that day performed. This
war being fini filed, Andrade fet fail for Hither India.
Soon after his departure, the city had like to have
come into the hands of the enemy by villainous trea-
chery. There was at that rime in Malacca an Arabian
named Tuam Maxelix, of Bengal, a man naturally
cut out for the mod bold and wicked enterprize. This
perfon being corrupted by large bribes, and larger
promifes, had undertaken to betray the fort of Ma-
lacca. In order to accomplifli this defign, he had con-
traded a familiarity with Pedro Perfona, agent for tlie
Portijguefe affairs, and farmer of the taxes. Maxeliz
had taken fjme other Arabians into the plot,
and the fcheme was to be executed thus. Maxeliz
was to kill Perfona in his apartment, which was in
tt>e ftrongeft part of the fort, and the other Ara-
bians were inflanriy to enter and defend it till the
ai rival ot a party oi the king of Bantam's forces, who
4 were
Book VIII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. m
were to be quartered in fome convenient place for
that purpofe. Nor did they doubt buc in the tti-
mult many who hated the Portuguefe would become
aflbciates in the confpiracy. Things being thus fet-
tled, Maxeliz, as ufual, was in a familiar manner ad-
mitted by Perlbna, who, after fome converHuion, fat
down to write : Maxaliz laying hold on this occaHon,
llabbed him with a dagger. Perfona fc;k himftlf mor-
tallo wounded, and fui'pecting' tlll& treachery, he flew
to the door, and barred it, notwithftanding his weak-
nefs and the oppofition of Maxehz. The confpirators
flocked together in great hurry, and a tumult arofe.
The Portuguefe being alarmed killed thole who were
endeavouring to force an entrance into the fort. Then
having burft open the door, they attacked Maxeliz,
who was at laft killed, after a good deal of refinance.
Thus this plot was luckily prevented from taking place.
The king of Bantam fome time after fued for peace,
which was accordingly granted him upon equicable
terms. In this manner tranquility and peace was
fettled at Malacca, which remained undiflurbed for le-
veral years.
BOOK
112 The History of Book V ill.
BOOK IX.
'% THilft thefe things happened at Malacca, Albu-
/ y qiierque was bufy in preparing a fleet in Hither
India: after it was fitted out, and in readinefs, he ap-
pointed Peter Mafcaregn to govern the city of Goa:he
left the management of r,aval alfalrs to John Machiad,
and entrufted the fort of Benafbar to Rodeiigo Pereira.
His fleet confifted of twenty (hips; there were aboard
one thouland feven hundred Porcuguefe, and one thou-
fand Indians. He failed from Goa on the i8th of
February 1513.
Plaving [pent more days in this voyage than he
expeded, he was obliged to put in at Socotra for a
fupply of water. Hence he (leered for Aden, a ftrong
city in Arabia. It is fituated at the bottom of a large
mountain which runs out into the fea, and being fur-
rounded with water on both fides, forms a kind of
peninfula. The mountain is craggy and barren, pro-
ducing neither tree nor fruit of any kind. They have
no fprings in the place, and it rains very feldom : for
which reafon the inhabitants are obliged to have all
their water conveyed by a.i aquedudi: from a village at
a g?eat diftance, to a place about four miles from the
city. They have great abundance of corn and all
forts, of provifions, though at the fame time, they have
none but what is imported. The city is furrounded
with walls and turrets, and abounds in handfome build-
ings, fo that it makes a beautiful romai-tick ap-
pearance. There was at that time a great rcfort of
merchanrs fo this port from Perfia, Indid, and many
parts of u^'Ahiopia. The natives are white in com-
plexion, and genteel in their outward appearance.
Their
Book IX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 113
Their nobles give themfelves to the exercife of arms*
being fond of acquiring renown in war. Their religion
is mahometanifm.
The king has feveral inland towns in his pofTcfTion,
and keeps many foreign foldiers in his pay. Upon an
emergency he can bring into the field two thourand
cavalry of his own fubjeds. He ufed generally to
appoint a governor over the city of Aden : an /Ethi-
opian named Miramiriam, a man of great abilities hap-
pened to be inverted with this dignity at the time when
the Portiiguefe arrived there.
Albuquerque was extremely defirous to become
mader of this city, bccaufe he could from thence an-
noy the Arabians. Befidesas it was only about twenty
miles from the freights of Babelmandcl, it might there-
fore be confidered as the key of the red f:a, to the
mouth of which he could fail in a few hours ; and
thus prevent any /Egyptian or Turkiili fleet from paf-
fing that way to India. He likewife reckoned it
would be no difficult matter to fail from thence to Suez,
where the enemy always fitted out their fleets, and burn
all Lheir fiiips in the docks. By this means he thought the
empire of the eaft would become everlafcing, if fuch an
exprefTion maybe allow'd in human affairs : Iiowever, be
failed in his attempt ; in the firft place he did not find
things in the fuuation as was reported, for the city was
ftronglyifortlEed ; nordid tlve inhabitants feem inclined to
favour the Poi tuguefc : this indifference was at lad heigh-
tened into a violent hatred by fome irregularities of our
foldiers. As foon as rhe fleet c-ime ro anchor, Mira-
mirian fent a mcffenger ro Albuquerque to enquire
whether he had come into that port with friendly or
hoflile intentions. Albuquerque re ruined for anfwer,
* That having heard by letters, as well as common re-
* port, that the grand fignior was fitting out a fleet
' to attack the Portuguefe in India, he had therefore,
* in order 10 fave the enemy the fatigue of fo lung
* a voyage, failed thither to engage them in the red
^ fea I and as to what concerned the cicy of Aden, hu*
YoL. II, I ' caipe
114 The History of Book IX.
* came there not as a foe, but as a friend, with offers of
' peace and amuy, on condition they would fubmit
* themfelv.s to the fovereignty of Emmanuel, under
' whofe prore6lion, he fiid, they would live more fe-
' cure and happy than they had hitherto done under
* any othrr prince.' Miramiriam having received this
anfvff, fen: provifions of all f)rts to our people, wih
affurances that he would, wi h the utmofl: chearfuiaefs,
acknowledge fo great a prince as Emmanuel for his
i^ vereign.
There were at this time in the harbour about thirty
fail of fhips, the fupercargoes and captains of which,
being frightened at the approach ot the Portuguefe
fltet, had fled into the city. Albuq lerque fent to them,
telling them not to be afraid, but to return to their
Hvps. Th' y anfwered, that thefe words did not agree
with the aflio s of the Portuguefe, who, they faid,
had attacked (heirfliips, and unjuftly taken from thence
whatever they thought proper. He, at the fame time,
received a letter from M'ramiriam complaining of thefe
injuries, and likewife reproaching him for defiring the
rnerchant^. to return to the {hips : this, he faid, was an
aitifi e to hffen the i umbers of the city, that it might
be rendered more defencelefs.
Albuquerque now rtfolvcd to proceed to hofliliries,
and a' ccr(^.!ngly made preparations to ftorm the city.
I ' th - mean while a Chrifiian iE^hiopian, who had
been daained as a pnf ner in Aden, made his
cfcape, ard fwam fo thePonuguefe fleet ; this man in-
foimeel Albuquerque that Mirauiiriam had hired a
great tuimber of auxiliary froop.s, ai'd haci made, with
the iitrno'i (^i'igence, all receflary preparations for the
deface of the ciy. The admiral having r< ceived
t\>\ inreilig ncr^ landed his forces, and iat down before
the city The Portuguele having played their cannon
very b ifkly, cleared the vvalls of the defenders in many
places; then they began to ap/ly their fcaling lad-
d. rs, and would certainly that day have carried the
place had the afTailants proceeded with iefs hurry an4
' ' difordera
Book IX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 115
diforder. But as every one drove to be firll or amongfl
the firli who mounttd the walls feveral crowded upon
one ladder ; fo that by this means they proved a hh-
d ranee to each other, and the ladders broke by the
immoderate weight. At the fame time about one hun-
dred and fifty Purtuguefe, and feveral of them men of
nobility, mounted the walls; amonglt thefe was
Garcia Soufa, who finding the reft of the Portuguefe
not fo forward in fcaling as they had been at firft fet-
ting out, he led fome of his men to a part of the city,
where the wall was lowcll. There he pofreflcd himfelf
of a tower where the enemy had planted fome can-
non. Albuquerque immediately advanced, and ordered
a p.irt of the wall, which was already greatly fnattered,
to be levelled to the ground. Emmanuel Lacerda en-
tered (his breach, being followed by a prieft hold-
ing up a crucifix, and feveral men of diftmguifhed
bravery. Miramiriam clapping fpurs to his horfe, ad-
vanced to repulfe them. George Sylveira fought very
bravely on the wall, but an Arabian, who came up
to repulfe the afifailants, having caught hold of his
fpear, wrenched it from him. This infult fo much
moved his indignation, that drawing his fword,
he jumped down from the wall to attack the enemy,
but no body coming to his afTiftance, he was killed.
Miramiriam behaved with the utmoft intrepidity, and
killed or wounded feveral of the Portuguefe who entered
the breach: thofe who remained betook them felves to the
tower of which Garcia had taken poffefllon. Thither the
enemy likewife followed, and attacked this place withgreat
fury. They fought with fpears on both fides, and the dif-
pute was carried on with the utmoft obftinacy. Albuquer-
que, who was on the (hore under the tower where
Soufa and his men were, feeing the danger in which they
were involved, was in the utmoft uneafinefs. In order
to favour their efcape, he ordered ropes to be brought,
but the v;ail in that part was of fuch a height, that they
were oblig'^d to be reached up at the end of two fpears
faftericd together. Soufa, however, and iome of his
1 2 ruen.
1 1 6 The History oF Book IX.
men, faid k would ba fcandalous to defcend in fo
ignominious a manner from a place which they had
aicended with fuch gallantry. They accordingly con-
tinued to make a brave defence, and ft ruck a terror
into the enemy, who now kept at fome diftance, and
plied them with their milTive weapons. But thefe
brave men were at lali overcome^ fome of them being
killed by huge ftones, and others by darts: Soufa
himfelf fell wounded in his forehead by an arrow ,
thofe who remained, finding themfelves in the utmoft
extremity, went down by the ropes. Thofe who had
entered the city behaved with the like courage ; but
finding all their efforts in vain, they retired to the walls,
from whence they defcended by help of fome ladders,
which had been repaired and fixed to the walls by the
orders of Emmanuel Lacerda, and John Decio. Some of
them who jumped down broke their legs, Albu-
querque having received thefe men, retired to the fleet.
Oppofitc to the wall of the city, there was a little ifland
on which flood a tower, from whence the enemy with
their cannon very much annoyed the Portuguefe fhips.
Albuquerque called a council of his officers, to confider
what method fliould be tnkm to deflroy this tower. In
the mean while Alvaro Marreiro the pilot of Lacerda's
fhip, of his own accord, having g®t together a body of
failors, made a defccnt on this place, and having ftormed
the tower, cut to pieces the garrifon, and brought away
with them twenty pieces of cannon. All this v/as done
with fo much expedition, that they returned to the fleet,
before the officers had come to any refolution.
Albuquerque finding this fiege could not be carried
on, widi.utthe lofs of many of his men, and ac the
fame time expelling to have an ergagement with the
grand fignior's fleet, did not choole to wafte his
ftrength, but was willing to fa:l againft fo formidable
an enen.y with all his force. Fie was likewife afraid,
whi.ft he lay before that city, the proper feafon for
failing might flip away, and all his labour be alfo in
vain. For thefe reafons he im.mediately refolved to
weigh anchor and depart : but, in the firfl; place he
ordere b-
Book IX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. n;
ordered all the enemy's fliips in the harbour to be
plundered and burnt. Having accordingly failed from
thence, he entered the ftreights of Babeimandel, and
came intotht: red fca. The fleet touched at Camatan,
an idand about four miles from the coaft of Arabia.
Here is plenty of excellent water ; the place is covered
with fliady woods, and abounds in ail forts of c.ittle.
The inhabitants being alarmed ac the fight of the Por-
tuguefe fleer, fled in confternarion to the continent.
Our people fpent a week here in taking in water, and
a fupply of provifions. Thence they fieered for
Teddo or Sidan, but being driven back by contrary
winds, they again put in at Camaran. The inhabi-
tants began now to be fomewhat more afl^able, and
Albuquerque refolved to relit his fleet, and lie there
for the winter. As foon as the fpring began, having
heard nothing of the enemy's fleet, he failed for India.
In his way thither he refolved to have another trial
upon Aden: but he found the* place much ftronger
fortified than before. The enemy attacked our people
from their walls and towers, as well as from fome
new fortification raifed on the mountain. The Por-
tuguefe, on the other hand, made feveral vigorous af-
faults, and killed miany of the defenders. The tower
which had been ftormed by Marreiro was again taken,
and the foidiers in it were put to the fword.
The fleet having remained a fortnight near the port
of Aden fthe weather not allowing them to depart
fooner) Albuquerque then fee fail for Dia, nor did any
thing remarkabl:; happen in the voyage. Mclichiaz,
the governor of Diu, put on an appearance of great
friendfhip and civility to the Portiiguefe ♦, yet all this
was^'only difilmulacion, which was his great talent. He
likewife pofllflfed a great fhare of cunning and pene-
tration: He faw that Albuquerque wanted by any
means to get mafler of the city, and, ac the fame
time, knowing him to be a man of ikrewd pa-ts, he
greatly dreaded and fufpe6lcd his deHgns. The fieec
remained here fix days, and then failed. Melichi.iZ
followed liiem with eighty boats well manned and
i 3 armed.
ii8 The History of Book IX.
armed. Fie went aboard the admiral's fiiip, where he
made the greateft profeflions of friendfhip to our peo-
ple, and offered to ferve them with all his ftrength.
Albuquerque being refolvcd not to be outdone in
fineffe, anfwered him in the pol teft manner. He
made him a preTent of four Arabian captives, men of
great wealth and difiindlion. This kindnefs not a
little tickled the vanity of Melichiaz, who imagined it
v/ould grea ly redound to his honour, that he had
been able to procure the liberty of fuch eminent per-
fons. Albuquerque proceeded in his courfe, and as
he failed along ths coaft he was honourably received by
all the neigbouring princes, who paid their tiibute
with the utmoft readinefs. When he touched at the
port of Chaul, he found there Triftano Goa, who had
been fent as an ambaflbr to the king of Cambaya. This
man brought a letter from that prince, wherein he
gave liberty to Albuquerque to ered a fort in the
city of Diu : that the friendfhip might be more
ftrongly fettled, an ambafTador had likewife accom-
panied Goa from the king.
Albuquerque foon proceeded from Goa ; in his way
thither he took fome Arabian (hips laden with fpices.
Thus this fieer, fitted cut with fo much labour and ex-
pence ; which, from the fame of the admiral, and the
bravery of the foldiers, had raifed the higheft expec-
tations, and had ftruck terror into m.tny nations,
brought only this one advantage to the Portuguefe :
that their minds hitherto elated with fuccef^, now re-
ceived a damp, which might fervc to humble their
arrogance, felf confidence, and immoderate ambition ;
for, as we have above obferved, this expedition proved
fruiilefs, and the fieet returned to Goa, after having
loft many of their bravefl: mtn.
Albuquerque haviig found that two of the fhips he
had taken belonged to the zamorin, immediately re-
llored therK, being now in p^^ace widi that monarch.
The forr, however, (which according to treaty was
to be erecled in the port of Calicu ) was not yet fee
about. The work was hindered partly by the ili will
of
Book IX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 119
of the zamorin, and partly by the envy of fome of
the Portuguefe themfelves, who faid that it was the
highefl ma inels in Albuquerque to buiJd fo mar.y
forts, and ihat it would be of very fa.al confequences
to the Portuguefe.
About this lime Pedro Andrado arrived at Goat
he gave Albuquerque an account of the ftate of af-
fairs in Goa, and of the late viftory gained in that
place, which give him inexprclTible joy.
Not long atter John Sojla de Lima came likewlfe
into this port wiih two fhips. He had fet out with
three from Portugal, but one of them comman^ed
by Francifco Correa had been fhipwreck'J.
"Whilft: the fleet remained here, an aTibaifador cime
from the king of Narfingua, requeuing that all the
horfes imported to Goa might be aOlgoed to him at
a reafonable price, and that Idalcam might not be
allowed to purchafe any. Albuquerque, however, un-
willing to ad contrary to his agreement with Idalcam,
refufed this requeft.
Mean while rhe zamorin of Calicut died fud-
denly, and was fucceeded by N aubeadarim, who was
not a little attached to the Portuguef^ fo that a peace
was now entered into with the utmoll fincenty on
both fides. The fort began then to go on apace, and
Naubeadarim fent ambaffado.s to Hmmanucl with
manv confiderable prefents.
Things being thus fettled, Albuquerque fleered for
Cananor, in order to fettle fome dilturbances raif^d by
our own pt-ople, and, at the fame time, that he might
recover the affedlions of tne inhabitants by a juft and
mild adminiftrarion. Whilfl he was forming thcfe
defigns, his p-^i^'ate enrmics were no Icfb indefatigable
in hatching Ichcmes for his dtilrudion. Of thefe
malecontents, Jaipur Pereira was one of ^he principal.
This man was fccre'ary for the Portug'.efe affiirs, and
from the nature of his office had acquired great influ-
ence and authority. He was a bitter enemy to Al-
buquerque, and never failed, when an opportunity ot-
I 4 fered.
120 The History oF Book IX,
fered, to detra61: from his reputation. This perfon
had hkewife wrote to Emmanuel, telling him, that
if he was willing to hold the fovereigniy in India, Goa
mud be abandoned ; for he faid that ifiand could not
be kept without the largeft reinforcements: that, in
the mean vvhile, the dominion at fea was negleded,
and the Portugufe being cooped up within walls, were
cxpofed to ail manner of dangers and calamities.
This fubjed being often talked of at court, and men-
tioned frequently to his majefty, he was at lall pre-
vailed on by impO!tunities to fend a letter to India.
In this he defired the officers to hold a council upon
the affair; and if it was approved by a majority of
voices, that they fiiould abandon Goa, and leave it
in poffefTion of the enemy. This letter was matter of
no fmall triumph to Pereira. A council was accord-
ingly held, where, after every one had declared his fenti-
ments, it was at laft carried, that Goa fliould be kept.
And in this indeed providence feems to have direct-
ed them-, for at this time there is no place in India
which abounds more inweakh, nor where the Chrillian
religion fliines with greater Jullre.
\Vhilfl thefe things were tranfa6led in India, Emma-
nuel fitted out a moil formidable fleet to fail for Africa,
We have already mentioned above, that his Portu-
guefe majedy, by the perfuafion of Zeiam, fent an
army to Azamor, under the condu6l of John Monez ;
and the attempt on this city at that time mifcarried,
which was owing to the infidelity of Zeiam. This
man afterwards fcized the government of Azamor,
kept the citizens under the fcverefl opprefTion ; and,
in order to fecure his powtr, eiUered into a treaty with
Emmanuel, the terms of which were greatly advan-
tageous to himfelf, and no leis to the Portuguefe -, for
he agreed to pay tribute to Emmanuel, and to allow
the Portuguefe a free trade in his dominions. He was
likewife, when occafion required, to bring afiiffance to
his Portuguefe majefry, who, on his part, engaged to
take Zeiam under his proccdion, and to defend him
•' • againil
Book IX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 121
againlt the infults of his enemies. Zciam, however,
did not pay the lead regard to this treaty ; fo that the
Portngueie inerchants refiding in Azamor, highly of-
fended at his behaviour, left the city. The king
being refolved to punifh the perhdy of this man, and
at the fame time extremely defirous, if poffible, to
make himfelf mafter of fo powerful a city, fitted out
a fleet fo formidable, that a greater had never been
feen in Portugal. It confided of four hundred fail of
fhips : there were aboard this fleet twenty thoufand
infancy, and twelve thoufand feven hundred cavalry,
f)f which five hundred were cuirafTicrs. He ap-
pointed Diego duke of Braganza, in whom he high-
ly confided, to be general iffimo of thefe forces ; and
gave the fecond place in command to John Monez.
In this army there were feveral of the nobility, and
many gentlemen of diftindlion, who, from loyalty to
their prince, and a thirft after glory, entered as volun-
tiers in this expedition. The general himfelf, at his
own expence, brought into the field three thoufand
foot, and five hundred horfe, amongd which there
were one hundred cuirafTiers. Several other perfons
likewife furniflied foldiers at their own charge. J(;ha
'GundifiTalvo Camera, governor of the Madeiras,
fitted out twenty fhips, with fix hundred foot and two
hundred horfe. Emmanuel having given all necefTary
inflru6lions to the duke of Braganza, earnefrly recom-
mended to him, that he would ufe his utmod endea-
vours on the prefent occafion, that he might anfwer
the high expedations he had formed from his valour
and experience : above all, he entreated him to place
his hope of vidtory in the Supreme Difpofer of all
things.
The fleet weighed anchor on the 17th of AuguR *,
but, for Vv'ant of a fair wind, did not reach cape St.
Vincent fo foon as was expected. They fiiled along
the coad of Algarve, where they put in at the port of
Faro, in order to take aboard forr.e forces, v/hich had
not yet embarked. From thence ihey de^ arted on
the
122 The History of Book IX*
the 20th of Auguft j and en the 28th the whole fleet,
with all the forces, arrived in faftty on the coaft of Aza-
mor. The duke of Bragariza finding he couM not
put into the river on which Azamor ftands, by rea-
fon of the contrary winds, landed at Mazaganiim,
a town about two miles diflant: there he drew
out his whole forces, an^ in three c'ays time got every
thing in readii-efs tor a fiege. The enemy made fbme
fmall excurfions, and kii'ed every one they found drag-
gling from the camp. Some of their mod able com-
manders at laft, advanced with five tlioufand hcrfe and
feven thoul'and foot, in order to give our people battle:
but upon their approach, when they obferved the fi.ua-
tion ©f the Poitugucfe camp, the ftrength of their
army, and iheir exadt difcipline, they then marched
back into the city, and fpread a general conftei nation
amongft the inhabitants. They knt out of the place
all thfir valuable cfFedls, together with iheir wives and
children, keeping only fuch as could be of fervice in
defending the city.
But, before we proceed any farther, it may not be
improper to give feme defcrip ion of this part of
Africa. S(;U5:h-weft of the firti^hts of Gibraltar lies
the province of Djccala, a rich and fcjtiie coun ry,
through which runs a river, called by the A^rabians
Omirabith, and by fome others Afania. On the banks
of this river, not far from the ka^ fiands the ci^y of
Mazagam, containing within iiS v^alls about fivj thou-
fand houf^-s, v/hich in general art large, and many of
them in a grand taf^e. The inhabit mts were polite
and civilized. The town was diviutd i to lour dif-
tri(5ts, each of which had its own ruler, and all thefe
fubjedl to one chief mauiflrate Thev have a large
extent of land, which is cultivated by tht- wild Arabs,
who, being unacquainted with the luxury of the citi-
zens, are efteemed braver and better loldicrs. They
have no houfcrs, but live in large tents : they ufe a fpare
diet, and are inured to the exercife ol arms. The pro-
vince is divided into three parts, each of which derives
its
Book IX, the PORTUGUESE, &c. izj
*us name from thofe particular Arabians who took pof-
fcffion thc^reof, after having driven out the ancient in-
habitants. One was called Xe quia, another Dabida,
and the third Garatia. Thefe were again divided into
tribes, each of which had a particular captain, and
lived in tents feparate from thofe of the other tribes ;
yet, being all in alliance, they mutually afT.fl each
other in any common danger. In this manner the in-
habitants of Azamor could be fupplied with \ aft num-
bers of horfe and foot, upon any fudden emergency.
But to return to our iubjed. On the ift of Auguft
the duke of Braganza marchtd with his army, drawn
up in battle-array, towards Azamor; and he ordered
Pedro Alphonfo Aquilar to bring the artillery and am-
munition up the river in fmall vefTels. But being
informed that the enemy had prepared a great
many floats of timber, covered with pitch, tar,
and other combuftiblcs, which they intended to fet
fire to, and fend down on the Portuguefe fhips he
refolved to deftroy thefe preparations. Garcia Melos,
and Aquilar, with a body of archers, being fent on
this expedition, executed their orders, notwithftanding
all the oppoficion of the enemy, who annoyed them
with their darts. Francifco Pedrofa, Vv^ho commanded
the advanced guard, going forward to examine the
road, was fet upon by a fquadron of horfe : he made
amoft gallant defence, but the enemy pouring in from
all quarters, would certainly have overpowered Pedrofa
and his men, if not feafonably fuccoured by John
Monez, commander of the van, who came up with a
body of his choiceft cavalry. The enemy, however,
ftill increafing, the Portuguefe were nigh giving
ground, when the conde di Borbe advanced quickly
to their afTiftance. A little afccr Jafper Vafco, a very
brave oilicer, came up with a heavy column of fo-^t
and a fev/ horfe, and flung himfelf betwixt our people
and the enemy, who made feveral attempts to break
through the column ; but finding all their efforts in
vain, they Iq[\ ground, and bcpan co fly.
In
124 The History of Book IX.
In this a6lion fcveral of the enemy were killed ',
amongfl: whom was one Cidaco, a perfon of the moft
didinguifhed courage, in whom the people of Azamor
had the higheft conlidence, and whole tall had greatly
damped their fpirits. Tliis man had formerly been in
the intereft of Emmanuel, and hnd done him many
fignal fervices, but afterwards revolted from him.
The Portugiic fe (lil! preferved their ranks, and in this
order approached the city that night. They pitched their
tents along the banks of the river, that they might be
near the fh ps. Next day the general ordered all the
artillery to be brought afhore, that they might imme-
diately fct about battering the walls. About noon
three lines of the enemy came out of the city, and of-
fered our people bartle. Vafco Coutign, conde di
Borbe, defired he might be f^nt again ft them ; but was
refufed : for the duke faid it was below his dignity to
trifle avv^ay his time in fmall fkirmiHies, being, he faid,
refolved to put an end to the war by one general en-
gagement, or by the immediate ftorming of the
town. He, therefore, inftantly ordered the covered
galleries to be moved up to the walls, the batteries to
play, and the {(:aling ladders to be applied. John
Monez was the chief engineer, and condudor of the
fiege. In this affair he chiefly eropioyeJ Lewis Mo-
nez and George Barreto, with the foidiers of Algarve ;
together wiih Sylvio, and the foidiers fent by the
bifhop of Sylves; who all executed every thing with
the utmofb order, as well as intrepidity. Our people
having brought their galleries clofe to the Walis, car-
ried on the fiege au the lame time by ftorming as well
as undermining. The enemy, on the other hand,
v/ith darts, arrows, and (tones, endeavoured to drive
off the affailants, and wouuded feveral of them. They
alfo threw down red-hot kettles, and bee-hives fet on
tire, v/ith a great number of bees, at once to deftroy
the works and annoy the bcficgers. Cide Manzor,
one of the enem/y's moft rencv/nt-d generals, at that
time had the command of the city, and greatly diftin-
guiDied
Book IX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 125
guifhed himrdf by his bravery and vigilance. He
animated every one with his prefence, and broughc
afliftance whcre-evcr the attack wai hotteft : he not
only encouraged by words, but by his example ; rufh-
ing to meet danger, and calling aloud to his men to
fight to the lad drop of their blood, for their religion,
their liberty, and their lives. Whilft this man lived,
there was not one amongfh the befieged but performed
his duty with the utmoft alacrity and fpirir. But
towards this evening, Cide Manzor received a flioc
in his bread, which put an end to his life and valour.
The enemy were fo afleded with the lofs of fo great a
man, that chey ftt up the moll: lamentable fhrieking,
and immediately abandoned the ciry. They made
their efcape from aH the gates, and thronged out in
fuch confufion, that above eighty were found near the
gate, who had been preflld to death in the crowd.
Before break cf day a Fortuguefe Jew, named Jacob
Adib, one of thofe who had been driven from Portu-
gal, called from the walls to Diego Berrio ("whom he
had known very intimately formerly): he defired this
man to lead him inflantiy to the general, whom he in-
formed of the inhabitants having delcrted the city.
For this piece of news the Jew received a promife of
his living, and enjoying all his e{fe61s, in fecuri.ry; and
the fame concefiion likewife to all his brother Jews.
The general having entered the city, ordered Em-
manuel's dandard to be fixed on the w.ills ; and one of
the Arabian mofques being purified and conlecratcd,
publick thankfgivings v/ere offered up there for this
fuccefs. The Portuguefe foldiers rummaged for booty,
but found nothing of value, except a large quantity of
corn. The inhabitants of Tite, not many miles from
Azimor, being alarmed, left their city in the utmofh
trepidation, which was immediately tak(rn poflefiion of
by the Portuguefe : the govern m.ent of this p!ace was
committed to Jehabentaf. The citizens of Ahiiadine,
being feized with the like panick, deferted their city :
here the general immediately placed a numerous garri-
fon.
126 The History of Book IX.
fon, and appointed Nunez Fernando Ataide to be go^
vernor 5 to whom, as well as Jehabentaf, he earneft-
ly recommended (hat they woutd ule the mildeft me-
thods to bring back the citizens, who, if they took
the oaths of allegiance, and became tributary to Em-
manuel, (hould enjoy their liberty and property fccure,
under the protection of his Portuguefe majefty. By
thefe prudent meafures, both the cities foon became
populous, and in a moreflourifhing condition than they
had evtr been.
Emmanuel having received an exprefs of the fucceis
of his arms, ordered days to be fet apart for rendering
praife and thanks to God. He likewife fent letters to
the pope, who alfo offered up thankfgivings for the
late fuccefs of the chriftian arms in Africa-, and ap-
pointed a perfon of great eloquence to pronounce an
oration in praife of Emmanuel, who had always (hewn
the grea'elt z-ral for propagating the chriftian religion.
In the mean while there was great animofity and
murmuiing againfl the general amongft the Portuguefe
at Azamor *, and this not only from the common fol-
diers, but aifo amongft thofe of higher rank. For as
the city of Azamor had been fo eafily carried, and with
fo inconfiderable a lofs, this induced many to think,
that, if the duke would march his army into Morocco,
he might quickly reduce the whole kingdom under the
power of Emmanuel : for, faid they, if a few of our
ofiiccrs, with a handful of men, were able to drive the
ki'^g toflighr, what may we not effedl when the war is
carried on with fo formi.lable an army ? Bcfides, added
they, the Moors are at prefent weak in arms, and
know but little of the method of drawing up armies.
Their cities, likewife, are unfkil fully fortified-, fo th.^t
it will be no difficult matter to carry them at the firft
alTault. The p:inces of the country are but weak,
nor ae they firmly united amongft themfelves -, and it
Will be extremely eafy, at a little expence, to ftir them
up againft each other. The people themfelves abound
in punic aits, are fickle, inconftant, bound by no
tiea
Book IX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 127
ties of honour nor religion *, and as they are always
forming plots and fchemes againft each other, this
makes them extremely lufpicious and dif^rufful. This
being the cafe, chtir ftrength and fecurity murt be upon
a Very flendt* r foundation : fo that, if a powerful army
wa- fo be led into fuch a country, the confequence
would be, that the people, who generally adapt them-
felves to times and circumftances, would prove treache-
rous to one another, and thus a mutual diftruft would
arife. For is it to be doubted but many, in order to
gain f.ivour with the conquerors, would betray their
princes? Fur as nothing is more dangerous than to at-
tack a people firmly united amongil thcmfelves, fo
likewife nt thing is more eafy than to overcome thofe
who are divided by animofity and fadion. Moreover,
fiid they, the war can be carried on at afmall expence*,
for the lands are fruitfjl, and the country abounds with
cattle ; fo that, even if the war fhould prove tedious,
the army may ft ill be fupplied with all forts of provi-
fions. Befidcs, it was alledgcd that the prcfent pofture
of affairs was ano^ her grear incitement. The Fortu-
guefe army was entiie, the foldiers in high fpirits, and
led on by the moft able commanders. The enemy, on
the other hand, were funk and difpirited ; for which
reafon, if our people were to attack them in their pre-
• fent condition, the v/ar would certainly in a fhort time
be ended, to the great advantage of Emmanuel, and
the glory of the chriftian name.
This and fuch like was the talk of many of thePor-
tuguefe ; nor were there wanting feveral, who fre-
quently teazed the general on this head. There was,
in particular, one John de Chiava, a prieft of the
Francifcan order, afterwards n>ade bifhop of Vifa, who
handled the fubje6l very fully from the pulpir, before
the general himfelf; regretting, in the ftrongeft man-
ner, that he fhould ncgk- 6t fo fair an opportunity of
sggrandizii.g the Porcjguefe. The duke of Braganza,
being thus publickly cenfured, thought proper to an-
swer the pricft in the church. He faid, he was not
. ■ ignorant
128 The History of Book IX.
ignorant that iiis chara6ler had been afperfed, and his
conJufl highly blamed ; but, as for his part, he re-
garded not the calumny of mankind, and was refolved
to a6l according to the dictates of found fenfe and rea-
Ibn. That he had the utmoft afFeflion for his prince,
and would always be obedient to his orders *, and as
Emmanuel had lent hia-j to Africa, not that he might
march into Morocco, but to florm Azamor, therefore
if he fhould attempt any thing farther, it would be
without the authority or fandion of his royal mafter.
' If (continued he) the fiege had lafted for feveral
* mondis, if the greateft part of our army had been
^ cut off before we carried the place, then this would
* have been reckoned a famtuis conqueft, and fufficient
* to fuisfy the ambition of every one : but now, as
* the Divine Goodnefs has enabled us to carry the city
' in one day, and without the lofs of one man, the
' vidory, as it has been cheap, is therefore under-
' valued ; as if it was more noble to flaughter the ene-
' my than to fave our own people from deflrudlion.
' But, for my own part, I efteem it much more glo-
* rious to prefervc the life of one countryman, than to
* cut off multitudes of the enemy. Many urge me to
' purfue the war *, but this, in my apprehenfion, is
' not fo eafy an affair as they give out : for tho' the
' p;inccs may difagree amongil themfelves at prefent,
' yet, from the knowledge of human nature, we have
' reafon to believe they will unite their ftrengrh to
* ward off the common danger. If the kings of Fez
' and Morocco, Xerifiu?, and the princes of the moun-
' tains, fhould join their forces to oppofe us ; if this
* was to be the cafe, I fay, I am afraid many, who
' are now the (louted advocates for war, and harangue
' the multitude with vaft boldnefs, would, in time of
' danger, fliew lefs intrepidity : at leaf!:, we have often
* fuund it to be (o from common obfervation. Befides,
* they do not con fid er that it is impoiTible for a nume-
* rous army to live by plunder alone, for any confi-
* derable time : and, if the enemy fnouid cut us off
* fro!T^
Book IX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 129
* from fupplics, our numbers then, inftead of being
« an advantage, would become our greateft misfor-
' tune. The harvefl: is already over, and the corn
* has been carried into diftant parts ; fo that it will be
* extremely eafy for the enemy to deftroy us by fa-
* mine. The fummer likewifc is noX' at an end, and
' the winter approaches, which will protrad the v/ar
* much longer than fome rafh and foolilli mortals have
* imagined. Another reafon for my not purfuing the
* war is, that the king has referved this enterprize for
^ himfeJf: and, if we fhould endeavour to rob him of
* this honour, it would be the higheft infult which
* could be offered to his majefty. As for my part, I
* have executed the orders of my royal mailer; nor
' would I refufe to facrifice my life for his honour : and
* whilfl: I acquit myfelf to his fatisfadlion, i am indif-
* ferent what the Vv^orld judge of me. Neither do
* thefe men properly unden'hnd the danger that a gene-
* ral runs into, who enters on a vvar without the ex-
* prefs orders of his prince. If the attempt fliould
* [)rove unfuccefsful, every body would condemn his
* folly and prefumpiion : nay, if he was to come off
' vidlorious, yet even this would not fecure him from
* reproach and obloquy. As for my part, I have exe-
* cuted the orders oi my prince : 1 have taken the
* city in one day, and now I intend to lead off the
* army fafe. And as v/e have had Rich furprifing fuc-
* cefs, lay afide your calumny and detraction, and
* return thanks to God for his extraordinary goodnefs.*
This fpeech did, indeed, fiience the general talk ; but
yet there are maay who greatly lamented that fuch an
opportunity fhould h^ve been negleded. The general,
however, perfifted in his refolution of not going be-
yond his orders. He was foon affef obliged to return
for Portugal, by reafon of a violent fwelling in one of
his thighs, which rendered him incapable of fitting on
horfeback. Having intrufted the army to Francifco
Portugal, a nobleman of great renown, he went for
Mazagran, from whence he fet out for Portugal. He
Vol. II, K landed
I ^o The H X s T 0 R Y of Book IX.
landed at jiivira in Algarve : thence he proceeded to
Almcir, where Emmanuel then refiJed, who received
him with the highell: marks of" honour,
71ie greatefl part of the army was foon after fent
for Portugal Roderigo Barrtto and John Moncz
were left at Azamor -, the former, to guard ihe city ;
and the latter, to wagevvar witn the neighbouring na-
tions. Nunez Ferdinando Ataide was by this time
returned to Saffia, after having done the Moors confi-
derable damage. Monez and Barreto being likewife
iin willing that their men fhould remain in a Rate of in*
a6lion, and having been informed that the inhabitants
of fome villages in Xerque, about thirty miles from
Azamor, ranged about in grea? fecurity, they marched
forth from the city on the evening, in the beginning of
the year 15 14. They had with them one thouland
foot and twelve hundred cavalry, and marched that
night twenty-four miles. They took pofifelTion of the
Green Mountain, fo called from its beautiful appear-
ance, and the perpetual verdure with which it is
covered. By daybreak they attacked the village of
Bencafiz, which is of a circular form, and rifes gra-
dually from the bottom of the mountain. Many of
'the inhabitants were flain, and m.any taken prifoners,
and feveral were driven headlong into the river which
runs to Azamor : the village was plundered and burnt.
Bernardo Emmanuel and John Sylvio, who had been
fent out by Monez, had likewife let upon another vil-
lage, which they found deferted by its inhabitants, who
had lied in the utmofl: trepidation. Our people having
traced the footfteps of the enemy, came at laft to the
river, where they found a confiderable body of the
Moors, many of whom had already fwam acrofs the
river, and the reft were preparing to follow. Several
of them, however, were determined to oppofe our
people : but the greateft part of them being fcattered,
and driven to flight, the reft threw themfelves head-
long into the river, v/here many of them were killed
by the miflive weapons of our people. Bernardo
having
BooklX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 131
having marched ofF with his booty, joined Monez ;
and thus the whole army entered the city v/ith a large
traip of priibners, and a confiderable number of
cattle.
Not far from Saffia lies the province of Flea, the
capital city of which is Tedneft, fituated in a fpacious
and fertile plain, where there is a mofque of great fame,
held in the utmolt venerarion, and much frequented
by the Moois. Xerifius had likewife a magnificent
palace in this city, with large and beautiful gardens,
ilocked with fiili-pondr, and watered with canals.
Here, at his leifure hours, he ufed frecjuently to amufe
himfeif. AtaiJe formed a defign to attack this city,
and accordingly fent a letter to Monez, advifing him
of his intention, and at the lame time defiring his
adiftance ; for he thought fuch an enterprize ought to
be entered upon with their joint forces. Ataide, how-
ever, did not wait for Monez: he marched out of the
city with four hundred cavalry, being likewife accom-
panied with Jehabentaf, who led forth two thoufand
cavalry and feven hundred foot. When they ap-
proached Tedneft, Xerif came out to meet them, with
four thoufand horfe. Ataide commanded the rear ;
and Jehabentaf, who led the van, advanced againft
Xerif with great boldncfs : Ataide rem.ained only as a
fpediator of the conflifl:, which wa«^ fought with great
heat and obia:inacy on both fides. Xerif, however, was
at lall: routed, and put to flight by Jehabentaf : great
numbers of the enemy were killed on the fpot. The
booty on this occafion was greater than had ever been
known in any rencounter with the Moors, our people
having carried oif above two hundred thoufand head of
cattle, three thoufand camicls, and a Confiderable num-
ber of horfe. Ataide having then entered the city of
Tedneft, fat down in quiet : from thence he v/rote a
letter to Monez, giving him an account of this fuccefs.
Azamor is about one hundred and fixty miles aidant
from that city: the diftance of the place v/as the rea-
fon that Monez could nor come fooncr to Ataide. He
K 2 was
13s The History of Book IX
was then on his march with fevcn hundred and fifty
horfe and one ihoufand foot : as he paiTtd along the
country, he was received by the Moorifh governors
and princes in the mofh honourabie manner. He aC
length reached a little town called Chiquere, where
there is a Mahometan mofque, held in the higheft ve-
neration by the inhabitants; for it is faid to have been
founded by the orders of Mahomet himfelf. Monez
had taken this place in his way to Morocco 5 for Chi-
quere was about thirty fix miles from dience. From
thence he wrote to Ataide, inviting him to be a fliarer
in the prefent undertaking. Ataide, however, wrote
back to him, telling him he was fo much engaged in
making laws, and drawing up treaties, that he could
not leave the city of Tedneft. He at the fame rime
told him, that Morocco ought to be attacked with a
larger ftrength •, and if he ventured on fuch an attempt
with fo fmall a force, it would be only fKritieing his
men, to no manner of purpofe : he, therefore, intreaied
Monez to defift from the attempt. Monez was ac-
cordingly perfuaded, and came to Ataide. About the
fame time Alphonfo Norhona, Ataide's fon-in-law, ar-
rived with eighty cavalry : he had been fent out to
fur prize a ftrong town, fituare on the highell part of
the mountain ; but the enemy had deferred it before
his approach : a few of them, however, were taken,
prifoners. Soon after the army received fome other
reinforcements, Monez then renewed his defireof march-
ing for Morocco, which he thought might be eafily
taken: but Ataide being afraid left, if this fchemc
fhould rake place, the greateil fhare of the glory would
belong to Monez, for this reafon, as many think, he
would not accompany him in the expedition: this not
a little difgufted Monez and all his officers. Some time
after Monez had left Ataide, he received intelligence
that the kings of Fez and Mequinez were marching
with a powerful army to befiege Azamor, which made
him haften thither with all pofTible expedition. In Wi&
way he received letters from Roderigo Barretc^ cqiv-
fimiing
Book IX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 13^
firming the fame news, and defiring him, if poflible,
to quicken his fpeed. Being likewife cautioned to be-
ware left the kings might iurprize him on the road, he
fent letters to Bernardo Emmanuel, and other men of
diftindion, who had remained with Ataide, defiring
them to come with all Ipeed, and to bring along with
them a fupply of arms and ammunition. Pafling
through Almedine, he was received in the molt
honourable manner by Almeiam, governor of the city ;
who likewife warned him to beware of the king of
Fez's generals : for, he faid, he had received certain
notice that they were gone before with eight hundred
horfe and fix thouland foot. He then proceeded in
his march, with his men drawn up in fuch order as if
they had been juft going to engage the enemy. But
whether the report of the king of Fez's generals being
upon the road was falfe, or whether the enemy were
not watchful enough, is uncertain to determine ; for
Monez came with all his forces to Azamor without the
leaft obftacle. There he received intelligence, that the
king of Fez had difpatched two of his generals into
Ducala, with numerous forces, to guard that province ;
and that the king of Mequinez, then at Nafe, (a noted
ciiy in Mequinez) was likewife very foon expeded with
a powerful army. This prince had formed a defign
of marching to Azamor, in conjundion with the king
of Fez's generals, in order to inveft that place. Buc
Monez thought it moft prudent to march againft the
enemy, before they had time to join their forces.
Having heard that the king of Fez's army lay
pncamped near a pretty ftrong town, called Balba,
he refolved to attack them before they departed froni
thence : he fent immediately an exprefs to Ataide, dcr
firing his prefence in this adlion, in ^which he faid he
might acquire great fame, and do Emmanuel extraor-
dinary fervice. Ataide agreed to the propofal, and
their place of rendezvous was fixed at a town about
twenty four miles from Balba, called Sea. Monez fetout
pn his march, on the 12th of April, with eight hun-
K 3 dred
134 The History of Book IX,
dred horfe and one thoufand foot -, and the following
day he encamped on a large plain, by the i]6c
of a morals. Ihe fame day he was joined by Ataide
and Jehabentaf, who brought with them nlteen hun-
dred cavalry, the greaiefl: part of whom were Moors.
A council of war being held, it was refolved that
they fliould decamp fecredy in the night, in order, if
pofnble, to furprize the enemy by break of day. The
cavalry vvas divided into five lines, the firft com-
manded by Monez, the fecond by Roderigo Barreto,
and the third by GundiiUdvo Camara, in which was
Alvaro de Qrval and John Sylvio, who were likewife
to ad as commanding ofncers. Ataide, and Alphonfo
Norhona, his fon-inJaw, were at tlie head of the fourth
line ; and the fif ch was intrufted to Jehabentaf. Thefe
fiv.r lines were fupported by a ftrong body of infantry,
under the command of Pedro Moral and John Rode-
rgo. The baggage, together widi the artillery, were
placed in the centre of the army ; and in this manner
they continued their march. Monez went about
amoncrft all the lines, encouraging the officers as well
as foldiers to behave with courage and intrcpidiiy. By
day-break they came in fight of the enemy's camp,
which ftood In a plain, not far from a very high moun-
tain. Monez having obferved a place very convenient
for the engagem.enr, ordered the infantry to take pof-
feflion of it as foon as poffible. The enemy had above
four thoufand cavalry, and their foot was almoft innur-
merable. Behind the enemiy's camp there was a river,
which feparaced the plain from the mountain j but
though it was then almoft dry, yet the torrent, being
before fwelled to a great degree by the rains, had worn
the channel Co deep, that the enemy could not pafs with-
out being very much incommoded. Their forces were
drawn up in four lines : in the firft they had placed
their infantry, armed with mufquets and crofs bows, in
order to annoy the firfl line of th^ Portuguefe with
their darts, and othsr milTive weapons. Monez and
his men having invoked St. James, according to the
Spaniih
Book IX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. ij^
Spanifh cuflom, he then gave the Iignal, and rufhcd on
the enemy with fo much tury, that he not only difcom-
fited their nrft Hne before they liad time to do any exe-
cution on our people, but alio routed their cavalry, and
drove them heacilong into the channel. Ataide, to
whom it had been afiigned to attack one of the lines
of the enemy's cavalry, finding that they were gone
to oppofe Monez, he fell upon their foot, and made
great (laughter. Monez having purfucd the enemy as
far as the channel, was now defirous to keep back his
men -, but many of them, not regarding his authority,
contmued the purfuit. Monez was, indeed, endowed
with almoft every qualification requifite to form a great
general; but the humanity and mildnefs of his difpo-
ficion mace him rather too remifs in keeping up a ftri6t
difcipline : hence it was, that at this jundlure feveral
young noblemen, more brave than prudent, prefumed
CO ad contrary to the orders of fo great a general, and
rufhcrd headlong into danger. Monez fent Garcia, his
nephew, to recall them : this gentleman, accordingly,
galloping full fpeed, came up with thefe youths, and
earnelUy intreated them to return. He had prevailed
with almoft all of them to comply, when AyresTellio,
a youth of the firft diftindion, though raili, and im-
moderately fond of glory, called aloud, ' This is not
' a time for retreating : my fellow foldiers, let us pur-
* fue thefe Moors even to Fez.' The reft, being ani-
mated by thefe words, were for pjn:)ing forwards
againft the enemy. Garcia perceiving them obftinaie
in their refolution, ' Since you will have it fo then,
' (faid he) let us drive them beyond Fez j' and accord-
ingly joined himfelf with them.
Monez forefaw what would be the confcquence of
this rafti ftep, and he therefore paffed the channel of
the river, in order to receive thefe youths, v/hen driven
back. Fie, at the fame time, f(:nt on a detachment of
the foot, to v/ithftand the ihock of the enemy., iltaide
did not chufe to follow Monez, left he might thereby
break the order of his forces, bat remained on the op-
K 4 poficig
X36 The History cf Book IX.
pofite bank, being prepared to repiilfe the enemy, if
they fliould endeavour to repais that way. Jehabentaf
could not be of any fervice at this junduie-, for the
Moors, whom he commanded, feeing tne enemy fly-
ing, could not be reilrained by their officers, but went
in queft of phinder. In the mean while the enem^y,
who had retired to the mountain, having perceived the
fmall number of rhofe who purfued them, turned upon
them with great fury, and drove them to a precipitate
flight. Thus thofe youths fuffered for their raOinefs,
the moft of them being killed in their retreat, amongft
whom was Ayres Tellio and Garcia. The enemy
having recovered themfelves from their former panic,
and being now fomewhat elated by this fuccefs, rufhed
forward upon Monez, and obliged him to retire to the
oppofite bank : this, however, they did not accomplifh
without the lofs of a good deal of blood. In this ac-
tion our people loft about fifty men, and had above one
hundred wounded. Of the enemy there were killed
that day two thoufand Cix hundred men; amongft
whom was one of the king of Fez's two generals : the
other, having received a wound, fell from his horfe,
and was in thegreateft danger, but was luckily refcued
and carried off the field by fome of his foldiers. Stvtn
more of their chief officers were likewife killed ; above
four thoufand were wounded, and two hundred and
eighty made prifjners, amongft whom were the wives
and fons of the Xerquian generals, who had been in
the battle. This might have been accounted a com-
plete and honourable vidory, had it not been fullied
by the rafhnefs of thofe precipitate youths. The ene-
my, as foon as they faw the Portuguefe forces rejoined,
fled back in great diforder ; and our people, having
divided the plunder, marched away without the lealt
moleftation.
The kings of Fez and Mequinez, had not yet re-
ceived the news of this difafter, and were extremely
eager in carrying on their defign againft Azamor. Na-»
zePj the latter of thefe princes, accordingly marched
for
Book IX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 137
for that city with a formidable army : in his way thi-
ther he hkewife received a conliderable reinforcement
from Mahumed king of Fez. The enemy were lb
numerous that they fpent a week in pafTing the river,
which runs to Azan-Jor. Moncz being informed of
thefe things Tent an exprefs thereof to Bernado Em-
manuel, who accordingly made a!l necelTary prepara-
tions to hold out a fiege. But Nazer being by this
time apprized of the late defeat, altered his refoki-
tion, and marched for Almedine, where he laid wafte
the neighbouring lands, and made great depradations-.
He likewife took the city j Almeiman the governor
and mofi: of the garrifon fled to Saffia: thofe who re-
mained were put to the fword. Jehabentaf not hav-
ing a fufiicienc force to cope with fo numerous an
enemy, fent for a rcinforment from Ataide, who be-
ing afraid of a fiege, could fpare but a very few men,
he therefore refolved to march for Saffia. But firft he
fet about (lopping up all the wells, in order to diftrefs
the enemy bv wane of water. VVhilft he was em-
ployed in this m^anner, the king came upon him io
fuddenly, that he could not avoid an engagement,
which was accordingly fought with great obftinacy
on bctn fides. Jehabentaf lofl fome of his cavalry,
amongft whom was one Benamira, an. officer of great
valour. Nazer loft hkewife fifty of his cavalry, and
amongft the reft the general of thfi king of Fez's re-
inforcement. Jehabentaf behaved in this aff^air with
fuch extraordinary courage, that he filled every one
wkh admiration. Being overpower'd by numbers he
was obliged to quit the field ; the enemy purfued bur
faintly : Jehabentaf, however, in the retreat loft one
thoufand camels : he pitched his camp in a place
furrounded by walls, which had been afTigned him by
Ataide for that purpofe.
Mean while the king being in the utmoft diftrcfs
for want of water, was obliged to dig for fprings to
relieve his men -, and thus he fpent his time without
performing any thing memorable. Jehabentaf had
formed
138 The History of Book IX.
formed a defign one night to ftorm his camp ; but
Nazci being apprized of it, removed his camp to a place
of greater ftrength. The Moors of Xerquc, when they
perceived the king to behave with fo much pufilia-
nimity, conceived the higheil contempt and deteifation
of him. It not a little moved their indignation,
that after he had given out he would btfiege Azamor
or SafFia, and was provided with fuch a numerous ar*
my to execute this defign, yet his cowardice was fo
great that he dared not to venture on either of thefe
attcmp's. What greatly piqued them too, was, that
they themfelves, deceived by thefe falfe hopes, had re-
volted from Emmanuel. They were now therefore de-
termined to do fomewhat, whereby they might at
once take vengeance on that daftardly prince, and re-
flore themfelves to the favour and friendihip of his
Portuguefe majefty. The king of iVlequinez was then
encamped near the town of Tazarote ; they accord-
ingly in violation of their faith, attacked the camp
by furprize, and having made great havock, obliged
the king's forces to fiy : they took about eight hun-
lired horfes, and made above one thoufand of his men
prifoners, whom they dragged to flavery. The king
being thus ftripped of his camp, with great lofs and
ignominy, fled to the mountains, from whence he re-
turned to his own kingdom.
Monez, in the mean while, was feized with a fevere
fit of ficknefs. Whilif he lay in this indifpofition, he
received a letter from Emmanuel, who beftovved upon
him the higheft encomiums, and promifed him fuch
rewards as his extraordinary fervices merited. He
was unable, however, to return an anfvver to this let-
ter : nor indeed, at this jundure, did he think on
this frail and wretched life, for his whole affedlions
were raifed to a future flaCe. His diftemper was fo
violent, that he was foon carried off, and he quitted
his'earthly prifon with fuch marks of piety and de-
votion, as gives us room to think that he increafed
the number of thofe who enjoy an everlalling feli^
city
BooklX. the PORTUGUESE, Sec. 139
city in the blefTed regkons above. He was a man not
only endowed v/ith all the quaiiHcations rcquifite ro
form a foldier and a general, but alfo pofTeir^d the
iitmoll: miidnefs and clemency, and excelled in all the
polited and mod genteel accomplin:imcnts. His pu-
rity of life, and chaliity of manners was fuch as is
fcldom to be met with in thofe of a m/ilitary profefilon :
nor lit the f^ime time, was he void of pafiion for the
female fcx ; on the contrary, he was of the mofc a-
morous difpofition, but he never allowed his palTion
to degeneiace into luft, and alvv^ays kept withm the
bounds of modefty and innocence. He was dreaded
by his enemJes, and beloved by his foldiery; fo that
his death was lamented with univerfal forrow and re-
gret. He was alfo a gentleman of fine genius and ca-
pacity, of which we have a teff imony in that exquifite
poem which he has left us in the Portuguefe language.
He was, however, extremely fuperfLitious, and me-
lancholy by fits, even to madnefs. But thefe failings
could not be feen, amidfl: fuch a crowd of virtues;
nay, much greater ones might have efcaped notice, in
a man pofklfed of fo many excellencies. In his place
Pedro Soufa fucceeded, who was afterv/ards created
Conde di Prado, and Roderigo Bareto returned to
Portugal.
This year Pedro Plenez, Conde di Alcoutin, made
frequent incurfions on the Moors, and did them con-
fiderable damage: on the month of July, he entered
the confines of Tetuan, where he killed and took
prifoners feveral of the enemy. In the beginning of
Ociober he received intelligence, that the king of
Fez's two brothers were marching with a body of
ten thouund cavalry, and a valt number of infantry
to befiege Ceuta: and that there was likewife a fleet
fitted out, in order to inveft the city at once by fea
and land. Some of the enemy placed themfelves in
ambufcade in a wood, whence they fent out twenty five
of their cavalay, in order to decoy our people. Thefe
men ventured as far as the pLice vv^here the Portu-
gucle
I40 The History of Book IX.
guele guards were Rationed. Pedro Menez difpatched
fifteen of his hcrfe againft them, and he himfelffol-p
lowed with one hundred and fihem more, by way of
referve, in cafe the enemy fhoiild have formed fome
flratagem, as he ftrongly fufpedled. Our people ac-
cordingly marched againft this advanced party of
the enemy, who retreated till they came to the place
where the reil: lay in ambulh. The Portuguefe hav-
ing perceived the artifice, immediately retired to Me-
nez, being purfued at firil by above two hundred and
fifty of the enemy's horfe, and many more, who foon
after followed. Menez thought it moll: prudent to
keep his men within the rampart which furrounded
the city, but he could not hinder many of the ene-
my, who were mingled with his own people, from
entering. But having turned upon them, h'^ charged
them with great fury. In this rencounter above two
hundred of their men were killed on the fpor, whilft
the Portuguefe Icfl: only one, and, had about thirty fix
wounded. In the mean while the king of Fez's two
brothers came up with their whole army, and the
tranfports were likev/ile landed. Their defign was
to dcftroy the rampart, and, if polTible, to hinder the
Portuguefe from entring the city. Bur Menez with
great dexterity drew off all his men in fafety, and hav-
ing fhut the gates of Ceuta, he made fo (tout a de-
fence, that all tlie efforts of the enemy proved fruitlefs.
The affailants loll many of their men, whofe bodies
they carried aboard their fhip^, with marks of the deep-
eft forrow : for mod of thok who had fallen, were
youths of rifing fame, who had given early proofs of
their magnanimity.
At this juncture the name of Emmanuel was greatly
dreaded by the Moors, whilil at the fame time he was
univer£iily revered for hi^juftice and clemency, info-
much, that many of the Moorifh nations difpirited with
their misfortunes in war, and fick of the oppreffion
of their own princes, ardently fought to come under
the fovereignty and prote^^ion of his Portuguefe mar
jefty, and agreed to pay \ihat tribute he fhould im-
pofe.
Book IX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. i^t
pofe. Not only feveral cities fubmittcd, but alfo thofe
who lived in the villages on the mountains, having
been lb ofcen foiled in their attempts, now at latt
thought proper, for their own fafcty, to come under
the Portuguefe government. The inhabitants of Xerque
fent at this time feme of their chief men, as am-
balfadois to Emmanuel^ furrenderino- themfcives to his
power; and petitioning that Xerque might be feparated
from Dabida and Garabia, and that they might have
Audaramen for their governor. This they did not
mean as any offence to Jehabentaf ; but they thought
that the country of Duccala was too extenlive to be
under the government of one man alone ; and there-
fore that Dabida and Garabia were lufficienc to employ
his authority. Befides Audaramen, whom ihey pitched
upon, had been bred up under Jehabentaf, and there
was no doubt but he would always remain attached to
his intereft. This petition feemed extremely reafon-
able, calculated at once to promote the peace and wel-
fare of the province, as well as the advantage of Em-
manuel ; for, by granting their requefb, this would en-
gage their fidelity ; nor was it likely they would refufc
to pay a tribute, to which they themfelves had con-
feuted. The ambafTadors were accordingly received in
the mofl gracious manner; and Emmanuel acquiefccd
with their propofal, on condition, that as often as the
three provinces of Duccala ftiould join all their forces,
they fliould then acknowledge and obey Jehabentaf as
their generalifTnno. He Iikewife enaded a law, for-
bidding any perfon to pafs from one tnbe to another,
Jeff, by this means, there fhould arife fomedillurbances,
which might produce fatal confequenccs. He fent let-
ters to Ataide and Pedro Sou fa, adviilng them of thefe
things -, and Iikewife to Jehabentaf, who very chear-
fuily came into thefe meafurcs.
This fame year Nunez Fcrnap.do Ataide fent Lopez
to Xerque, to demand the corn which was to be fur-
nifhed by the farmers, and to be carried to Ajjamor.
Lopez having executed his comraiirion, fct out for th.?t
14^ The History of Book IT,
city with the Moors, who brought fcveral horfes loaded
with corn, in thtir way thither they were met by fixry
of the Portuguefe cavah'y, who eaaie from Azamor.
The Moors imagined they came with a hoftiie inten-
tion, and accordingly prepared to give them a w^arm
reception •, but Lopez having interpofed, prevented
them fiom coniing to blovvs : however, it was with
the greatefl difficulty that he could appeafe the Moors ;
for they faid they difrcgarded Soufa, and that it was
Ataide with whom they had agreed to furniili the
corn. They faid likewife that Soufa, after he came to
the government of Azamor, had done them many
fhamcful injuries, for which reafon they would nor fet
foot in that city ; but infifled, that the fixty cavalry
fhould carry the corn to Azamor. Lopez, hovvever,
fo far won their aQedions by his mild behaviour, that
he prevailed on them to go to Morocco under his con-
dud:. He accordingly chofe out four hundred and
twenty-three of their cavalry : v/ith thefe he Cqz out,
together with twenty-feven of the Fortuguefe horfe ;
and having come up next day with a party of the ene-
my's cavalry, about four miles from Morocco, he killed
feveral of them, took fifty-three pnfoners, and carried
off a confiderable number of camels, as well as many
other cattle. They advanced at lad to Morocco,
where the Moors rulhed up to the very gates with their
fpears, calhng out, ' Emmanuel, Emmanuel forever!*
The king, being alarmei with this fudden danger,
marched out to oppofe them : they, on the other hind,
made a mod gallant defence; and having killed four
of the enemy's cavalry, they retreated in fafety to the
place whence they had ici out wiih Lopez. There the
booty was divided, and the Moors returned to Xerque.
Lopez entered Saffia with his captives : he was beheld
with the higheft admiration. It feemed amazing, and
almoft incredible, that a man of fo low a rank, with
fo fmall a force, and thofe Moors too, fhould have
ventured on fo bold an enterprize s which the brave
2 Ataide
BooklX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 143
Ataide Iiimfelf, when invited by Monez, thought too
hazardous to attempt.
Towards the end of this year Emmanuel fent three
ambaffadors to pope Leo X. with prefents of great
vakie. Triftan Cugna was the chief of this embaffy,
and he had two eminent lawyers for his coUegues: one
was Diego Pacheco, and the other John Faria. By
thefe gentlemen he fent to his holinels a fet of ponti-
fical robes of the richeft embroidery, and adorned with
the mod precious jewels. He added likevvife feveral
golden fonts, together with the moll: coflly necklaces,
all of exquifire workman fhip. He fent alfo an Indian
elephant, of a furprifing fize ; fuch, I believe, as had
not been feen at Rome, when in the height of her
grandeur. An animal of fuch an amazing bulk drew
crowds of people from all parrs to behold it. There
was likevvife a very fine panther, which I fcarce think
could have been equaled by the Roman jediles of old,
when they exhibited the publick fhows of wild beads.
This creature was tame; but had been trained up in
fuch a manner, that ic would engage the boars and
ftags in the forell, and by this means afforded vaft
fport to thofe of the nobility who had a fancy for hunt-
ing. The panther was placed on a horle, adorned
with the richeft furniture, and mmaged by a Perfian
huntfman, v/ho had been fent to Emmanuel by the
king of Ormus, together with the horfe and panther.
Triftan Cugna, as he was a man of high rank and au-
thority, added likewife not a little to the grandeur of
the embafTy by his own retinue. He carried with him
his three fons, and" a great many of his relations, toge-
ther with a numerous train of domefticks ; fo that he
made an appearance not inferior ta that of a prince.
Garcia Refendo, a man of great authority with the
king, was fecretary to the embaffy.
On the 1 2th of March 1504, the ambafTadors en-
tered Rome in the following order. The domeflicks,
cloathed in the richeft liveries, went firfl. Next came
the Perfian huntfman, leading the horfe with the pan-
ther :
144 The History of Book IX.
iher: he w:.s followed by the elephant, with its, ma-
nager. The next in the proceiTion was Nicholas Faria,
the king's equerry, who rode on a fine horfe, covered
with the richeft trappings •, which was likewile intended
as a prefcnc for his holinefs. At Ibme diftance came
the nobility who accompanied the ambafTadors, and
added not a httle luflre to the proccdion. After thefe
the Portugucfe herald marched, bearing the enfigns of
royalty. He was followed by the three ambafTadors,
Tiiftan Cugna being in the middle. They were met
by the cardinals, as well as Icveral princes, and by
them were introduced into the city. The chief ma-
giftrate of Rciiie, with the priefts, received them at
the gates : he made a congratuhitory fpeech, wherein
he bellowed the higheft encomiums on Emmanuel, for
the fervent zeal he had always fhewn for the chriftiaa
religion. Tiien the Roman marfhals came, and fet-
tled the order of the proceflion through the city. In
the mean while the iireets refounded with the found of
trumpets, and all fores of mufical inftruments. The
procefTion was preceded by a company of Swifs guards ^
but the crowd of fpc6lators which hned the ftreets was
fo great, that they could hardly clear the way. When
they carne to Hadrian's pillar they were faluted by a
difchargc of guns, which fliook the houfes with their
noifc. In this manner the proceflion was condudlcd,
and the pope beheld the whole folemnity from ai
window.
On the 20th of the fame month the ambafTadors
were conducted to the pope's palace with the fame
form, where his holinefs, leated on a throne in his
pontifical robes, waited to give them audience. Trifta
Cugna produced his credential letters, which were read
in publick. Then Diego Pacheco delivered a moft ex-
cellent oration, wherein he expreffed himlelf fo ele-
g ntly, and difplayed fuch a graceful elocution, that
he gained univafa! applaufe. The pope made a moft
cLrjuent reply in the Latin tongue : in this he bellowed
the
Book IX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 145
the higheft encomiums on Emmanuel, and the whole
Portuguefe nation.
The following day the ambaflTadors were Introduced
into a green behind the pope's palace, on mount Vati-
can, where his holinefs waited on them to receive the
prefents from Emmanuel, which feemed not a little to
pleafe his fancy, and raife his admiration. He then
went into his garden, to fee the elephant and panther.
At his holinefs's defire there were fome beads brought
before the panther, which, being let loofe by the huntf-
man, attacked and killed them with a molt furprifing
agility. A few days after the ambaffadors laid the
particulars of their embaflfy before the pope, the chief
of which was, that the third and tenth parts of the
church revenues in Portugal, might be alTigned to de-
fray the cxpences of the war againft the Moors. This
requeft was accordingly granted by his holinefs.
About this time Emmanuel received anotker em-
baily, which was extremely grateful to him. We have
mentioned already one Matthew, an Armenian^ who
had been fent ambaflador to Emmanuel from the em-
peror of that part of -Ethiopia which lies above Egypt,
Albuquerque had received him in the mod honourable
manner, and lent him to Portugal. Thofe^ however,
to whom he was entrufted, out of a pique at Albu-
querque, called Matthew a buffoon and impodor •, and,
inftead of treating him as an ambafiador, ufed him like
a vile flave. Thefe men were afterwards taken into
cuftody, and would certainly have fuffcred puniihmenc
for this behaviour, had they not been pardoned, at the
earneft intercelTion of the ambafifador himfelf. Bur, in
order to explain the nature and caufe of this embaily,
we mud go up a little higher.
King John II. as we have taken nodce of above,
had a mod ardent dedre of making diicoveries in the
Indian regions: and having heard that ihere was a
chridian emperor called Freder John, who reigned in
India, he became extremely folicitous of finding out
this prince. He had feen feveral ctiridian prieds from
Vol. 1L L ^thiopja.
146 The History oF Book IX.
/Ethiopia, who had travelled into Rome, France, Spain
and Portugal -, and he could not help conjediiring that
they had come from thole parts where Prefter John
reigned. He accordingly converfed with feveral of
them, and enquired particularly whether they had not
come from that country where fuch a prince reigned ;
and if his dominions did not border on India : they
anfwered in the affirmative; for they thought that, if
they were believed to be the fubjedts of Prefter John,
they fliould be treated v/ith the greater refpedt and
honour by all the princes in Chriftendom. This intel-
ligence gave no little fatisfadlion to John ; and, above
all things, he defired to make a league with this prince:
for he thought nothing could redound more to his
honour, the interefc of the chriftian religion, and the
furtherance of his difcoveries in India.
He accordingly, at different times, proffered greafi
rewards to thofe who were fkilled in the Arabian lan-
guage, and would go in queft of this country. Al-
phonfo Paiva and John Petreio undertook the affair,
and fet out from Portugal in the year i486. They
travelled through Egypt, in the habit of merchants,
and arrived at the city of Aden : here they were in-
formed, that there was a chriftian emperor who had
very extenfive dominions in that part of ^Ethiopia
which hes below Egypt, and many princes were tribu-
tary to him, whom they imagined to be the perfon that
John wanted to difcover. But then what perplexed
thtrm was the fituation of his dominions, and his name,
neither of which agreed with thofe of the chriftian
prince mentioned by John. After fome deliberation it
was therefore thought expedient, that Petreio fhould
fail to India, in order to enquire whether there was
fuch a prince as Prefter John in thofe parts, and Paiva
was to wai^ his return at Thebes in Egypt. There had
formerly, indeed, been a chriftian pnnce of that name
in the inland parts of India; but the Tartars having
overpowered him by arms, had taken poff (Bon of his
dominions ; fo that his nan^e was now buried in obli-
vion.
Book IX. the PORTUGUESE, &c 147
vion. Petreio having fpenc a confiderable time to no
purpofe, fet out on his return to Egypt. At his arrival
there he found two Jews, who brought letters to him and
Paiva from his Portuguefc majcfly • but, as the Jews in-
formed him, Paiva was dead. Thefe two men, accord-
ing to their inftrudiions, went for Ormus. Pecrio having
travelled through feveral countries, went and vilited the
fcpulchre of the virgin Catherine on mount Sinai. He
then returned to Aden, and thence croflrd over to
Zeila ; from whence he lee out for the kingdom of the
chriftian emperor in ^Ethiopia, whom he concluded to
be the prince meant by John.
The name of this emperor was Alexander, who re-
ceived John's letters in the utmoft tranfporrs of joy^
and treated Petreio in the moll: humane and polite
manner: but it unluckily happened, tint this prince
died before he had wrote to John. As he had no fon,
he was fucceeded by a brother, called Nau ; from whom
Petreio never could obtain permifiion to reiurn to Por-
tugal. This prince enjoyed the crown but a very fhort
time. After his deceafe it came ro his fon David, who
alfo refufed to allow Petreio to depart from his domi-
hions. Thefe princes were fo taken with his ingenuity
and underftanding, that they were unwilling to lofe Co
Valuable a perfon. Petreio, now dcfpairing of ever re-
turning to his nadve country, married a wife, by whom
he had feveral fons, and thus became eftablifhed in that
country. In procefs of time it happened, chat Vafco
deGama, having found out the new pafTage to India,
made great difcoveries in the eaftern regions. The
numerous fleets fent foon after, and the victories gained
in India, fpread the fame of the Portuguefe all over
the Eaft. David had likewife heard of their exploits ;
and having underdood that they were the fame people
whofe prince had fent Petreio into ^thiop-a, he be-
came extremely defirous of forming an alliance with
the king of fuch an illuftrious nation. David himfcif
was not yet of age, and his grandmother Helen, a
woman of admirable fenfe, then ruled the kingdom:
L 2 he
148 The History of Book IX.
be accordinoly communicated his defign to her, and
both of them were of opinion, that nothing could tend
more to their honour, and to the advancement of reli-
gion, than to be joined in ftri<5l union with a chriftian
prince endowed with fo many excellencies. For this
purpofe they pitched on an Armenian, named Matthew :
he was a chrittian,- and a man of excellent underftand-
ing. He had been long at their court ; and in all em-
ployments with which he had been intrufted, had al-
ways acquitted himfelf with the higheft probity and
dihgence. He brought with him a young noblemati
from -Ethiopia, who was defirous to become ac-
quainted with the cuftoms and manners of the Portu-
guefe. Thefe two perfons accordingly failed for India,
in order to procure a palTage in fome of our fhips to
Portugal. As we have already mentioned, they were
treated with great civility by Albuquerque •, but met
with a quite contrary ufage from thofe who had the
charge of conveying them to Lisbon.
This ambalTador was received with the utmoft civi-
lity, and was condudted to the royal palace by great
numbers of the nobility and clergy. Three days after
his arrival he was admitted to an audience of his ma-
jcfty, in order to lay open the purport of his embafly,
which he accordingly did with great perfpicuity and
ekgance. He then produced letter from queen Helen,
and a crucifix made of the wood of that crofson which
our Saviour fufFered, which he brought from David, as
a prefent to Emmanuel, who received it with the
moft profound veneration, and returned thanks to God
vi'ho had thus preferved the feeds of the Chriftian re-
ligion in regions fo remote, and amidft fuch barbarous
nations. He alfo produced another letter from David :
they were all wrote in thePerfian and Arabian language.
In this David makes mention of the holy trinity with
the higheft adoration. Pie wiflies Emmanuel all health
and happinefs, and returns him thanks ior his letters.
He talks very high of his own wealth and power, and
fays,, if Emmanuel would attack the Mahometans by
fca.
Book IX. the PORTUGUESE, Sec. 149
fea, he himfeJf would invade them by land.; and he
makes no doubt, but by their joint efforts, they might
root out that impious people, and recover the land
where the fepulchre of our Saviour is fituated. He
acknowledges Matthew as his embaflador, and affirms
the crucifix brought by him, to be made of the wood
of that very crofs on which the Saviour of the world
fuffered ; he ardently defired to enter into an offenfive
and defenfive league with Emmanuel, and at the fame
time propofes an alliance by marriage. He lik^wife
runs out into the higheft encomiums on Emmanuel j
and fays, that the wonderful exploits performed by
his generals in India, were a ftrong indication that
the Divine Providence interefted itfelf in his behalf.
He concludes with defiring him to go on with his glo-
rious undertaking, and wifhes him profperity in all his
laudable enterprises. After the letters were read,
the embafTador was introduced to the king^s table,
where he was treated in the moil fumptuous and ele*.
gant manner- But before we proceed further, it may
not feem improper, if we give fomedefcription of the
dominions of this Chriftian pricce, as well as the man-
ners and cuftoms of the people.
The kingdom is bounded on the north by the con-
fines of Egypt, and on the fouth by the mountains of
the Moors, towards the eaft it is wafhed by part of
the red fea. It extends a confiderable way to the
weft, as far as ^gefimba, where the natives are black,
with fhort fleecy hair of the fame colour. Many of
the mountains in this kingdom are inhabited by Ara-
bians, who live independent of this Chriftian monarch:
however, there are many princes fubjedt to him, and
who every year pay him a confiderable quantity of gold,
by way of tribute. The river Nile is faid to take
its rife from the mountains of the moon t it forms
many lakes and iflands, and taking its courfe through
Egypt, at Alexandria it difcharges itfelf into the Medi-
terranean fea. Moft of the mountains in this king-
dom are fald to be of a furprizing height, fteep, crag-
J50 The History of Book IX.
gy, and the afcending path fo narrow, that only one
nian can go up abrealt. When you come to the fam-
mit you are agreeably furprized, for the tops of thefe
mountains are covered wiih fpacious and beautiful
plains, watered with cryftal fprings and fine rivers.
Here are to be feen vafl numbers of oxen and all forts
of cattle, and great quantities of beehives, which yield
honey in vait plenry. The country in general is ex-
tremely rich and fertile, and contains many mines of
gold, fiiver and brafs. It breeds many fine horfes, and
produces great plenty of cotton. There is no wine in
the country, but the inhabitants ufe liquor made of
honey and warer, which is at once grateful to the tafte,
•and wholefome for the conftitution. The people fel-
dom make ufe of medicines or drugs.
The natives of this country are excefTively indolent;
hence from their own flothfulnefs, and the want of
proper hands, they do but little enjoy thofe blcflings
which nature has afforded them fo lavifhly. The
king is continually at war with the neighbouring na-
tions, fo that he lives not in cities, but leads his life
wholly in the camp: the number of his foldiers and
tents is fo confiderable, that the camp extends twelve
miles in length, and as many in breadth. It is formed
v/ith fo much order and exactnefs, that notwithftand.-
ing it is often moved, yet every one knows the ways
and paths fo exadly, that he can go to the tent of
any particular perfon, with as much facility, as d,
perfon can iind out a ilreet or houfe in a well-knowri
a 'J. The camp is divided into fcven parifhes, each
of which has its own priefl, who perform all religi-
oas ceremonies, inftru6ling thofe committed to his
cha'^ge, preaching fermons, and exhorting them to
Chrillian temperance and moderation. The cities in
this country are very fmall j their houfes being built
very low, make a forry appearance, and the walls are
exfremcly weak •, yet their churches and monafteries are
grand and magnificent buildings. The emperor of
this "people uied to affed to be worfoiped as a dcity^
' ' not
Book IX. the PORTUGUESE, Sec. 151
not fo much as fliewing his face even to his nobles,
iinlefs upon dated days. When any of his fybjcdts
came to pay their court to him, he ufed to llretch
forth his foot or hand, but it was high treafon to look
at any other part of tlie royal perfon. When his ma-
jefty had a mind to return any anfwer, he made ufe of
perfons, by whom he fpoke from behind a curtain, or
from under a tripod, as of old the oracles delivered
their refponfes. But afterwards when the king be-
came acquainted with the Portuguefe, and learnt the
cuftoms of other Chriftian princes, lie laid afide this
abfurd affedtation, and now it is ]av>^ful for the people
to look at their fovereign, to fpeak to liim, and to
hear him. As to their religious ceremonies, they de-
rive many of them from the Jews. Their males are
circumcifed on the eighth day after their birth, and
their females alfo undergo fomething of the like na-
ture. Although they ufe this ceremony of circumci-
fion, yet they do not pretend to think that it has any
eiEcacy to falvation, they only fay they do it to keep
up a lively remembrance of Abraham, and the holy
patriarchs, that having fuch before their eyes, they
may follow their righteous example. The males on
the fortieth and the females on the eightieth day after
circumcifion are baptized, and the infants likewife,
on the fame day, take the eucharifl: in a cake of bread.
They keep an annual commemoration of that day on
which Chrifl: being baprized by John in the river Jor-
don, eftablifhed the facrament of baptifm; on this day
they renew the form by dipping themfelves. But
they think the whole virtue lies in the firll: baptifm
alone, and thefe annual ceremonies they account only
as external luftrations, which touch the body without
purifying the foul. They keep them up in order more
frequently to recall into their minds a lively fenfe and
remembrance of the goodnefs of Chrifl:, who fent for
blood and water from his fide, to wafh and purify ug
from our iniquities. Their women after child-bear-
ing, are debarred for fome time from entring the
L /J. churches-,
152 The History oF Book IX.
churches ; if they are delivered of a male child, this re-
itraint continues for forty days, and if a female, double
that time. Their priefts are allowed to marry once,
but if their wife dies, they are obliged to live after-
wards in a fingle (late with the ftrideft chaftity. If
they are found guilty of adultery, or after the death
of their wife have criminal converfation with any wo-
man, they are immediately ftripped of their prieftly
office. JEvery pried is obliged to refrain from his
wife for feveral days before he adminifters the facra-
rnent. This continency, they think, tends to heigh-
ten their devotion, and makes them execute this holy
work with more zeal and purity. The monks are
debarred from marriage altogether. No perfon is al-
lowed to enter their churches, unlefs he is barefooted.
Nor is it lawful for any one to laugh, talk, or to
walk about in their places of worfhip; and it is Ac-
counted impious and profane to think on any thing
there, but what concerns their religious duty, and ado-
ration of the Supreme Deity. When they keep a faft,
they eat nor drink nothing till funfec. They always
abftain from fuch foods as are forbid by the Mo-
faic law. They often confefs to their priefts. The
laity is allow'd to partake of the facrament in both
kinds. The inftitution of Monks was firft founded
amongft them by one Antonio, an Egyptian. The
bifhops are elecled by the king, only the archbifhop
is chofen by the monks, and his authority is confirmed
by that of the archbifhop of Alexandria. As we have
already mentioned, they adhere to many of the Jewifh
rites and cuftoms, though, at the fame time, they fay
they put no confidence in thefe, but rely entirely on
the virtue and efficacy of ChrilVs death. They keep
many holidays and feftivals, and they pay a kind of
adoration to the memory of thofe men who have been
eminent for their religion and fan6tity of manners.
Thefe are the ceremonies and cuftoms of thofe JE^hi-
ppian Chriftians whofe emperor David fent an em-
baftador to Emmanuel. But feveral perfons, from mere
' ■ •' envy
Book IX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 153
envy to Albuquerque, endeavoured to Itfifen the cha-
rader of this embaftador with his Ponuguefe majefty;
for they thought if they could make Matthew appear
in a contemptible light, this would, at the fame time,
throw an odium on Alouqucrqae, who had behaved
to him in fo honourable a manner.
This year Albuquerque fent his nephew George to
take upon him the government of Malacca, and he
recalled to Goa Roderigo Britto, to whom that go-
vernment had been alTigned for a limited time, and
which was now expired. George Albuquerque hav-
ing coafted along Sumatra, put in with his fbips at the
port of Pacem. Here he received intelligence that
the king was then engaged in war with one of the
chiefs of his own kingdom, who had (lirred up a
revolt. As this prince was an ally of the Ponuguefe,
George therefore afliiled him, and by this means the
rebels were foon routed : he ihen fet fail for Malacca.
A few months after his arrival there, he received
letters from his uncle, in which he was comrnanded
to take the office of Bendara, or chief magiftrate over
the natives, from Ninachetu, and to confer it on the
king of Campar. The dominions of this prince wer^
very fmall, and lay to the fouth of Malacca. But the
office of bendara was fo honourable and important a
truft, that he left his own kingdom, in order to take
upon him this dignity. Albuquerque had pitched
on this prince, becaufe he had always fhewn a par-
ticular attachment to the Portuguefe intereft. But it
is not eafy to affign the caufe why Ninachetu was de-
prived of this honour : perhaps he had not executed his
truft with fuch fidelity as was expedled, or it is not
improbable, that his difgrace was owing to the difguft:
of the people under him, who defpifing his meannefs
of birth, had petitioned Albuquerque to remove him
from fo high a ftation, and to give them a ruler of
royal blood. George Albuquerque accordingly re-
fplved to fend for the king of Campar; and for this
purpofe
154 The History of Book IX.
purpofe difpatched Botello, an intimate friend of that
prince, in a galley, to bring him to his new office.
Botello, in his way thither, having received intelli-
gence, that the chief city in the dominions of Campar
was then befieged by the king of Bantam, he therefore
fenr to Albuquerque, defiring he would furnifh him
with a proper force, in order to extricate this friend
and ally of (he Portuguefe from his prefent difficulties.
Albuquerque immediately difpatched Francifco Melo,
wich (our fliips, with one hundred Portuguefe, and
feven hundred Malaccans aboard. Botello relying
upon this reinforcement, refolved to make his way up
that river, which runs through the kingdom of Cam-
para. But when he came near the fuburbs he per-
ceived a flrong ftation on the fide of the river, guarded
by a garrifon of foldiers, which the king of Linga
commanded. The dominions of this prince join to
thofe of Campar, and he had entered into the war
with the king of Bantam, in order to overthrow the
prince of Campar. The farther our people went up the
river, they found it narrower, and the channel deeper,
the banks likewife rofe higher and higher; fo that there
was great danger the enemy, by throwing Hones and
other miffive weapons from each fide, might deflroy
the Portuguefe, with the utmoft facility. Botello
therefore refolved to alter his fcheme, thinking it moft
expedient to fail down the river again, and block up
the entrance, fo as to hinder the enemy from receiving
any fupply of provifions, or at leaft to draw then>
put to a more convenient place for an engagement.
The king of Linga bore down upon our people with
eighty fhips, and fix thoufand men aboard. Bo-
tello, however, plied the fhip, in^v/hich the king and
fcveral of his nobles failed, fo furioufly with his darts,
that he made great flaiightcr, and put the enemy into
the utmoft confber nation. This Ihip being terribly
batter'd, run aground, and ftuck in the mud fo fall,
that Ihe could not be got off by the utmoft efforts.
She lay likewife acrofs the river, in fuch a manner,
1 thai:
Book IX. the PORTUGUESE, Set. 155
that flie hindered the reft of the enem/s fhips from
pairing. Botello inamediately grappled and boarded
her, and the enemy, notwithltanding they made a
gallant defence, were all of them killed or driven
over board. The enemy's fhips could not move for-
wards, being obftrudled by the king's fhip, nor could
they retreat for want of a fufficient depth, for the
tide was now ebbing-, fo that they remained in one
pofition, being utterly incapable of moving either way.
Francifco Melo, during the greateft part of this ren-
counter, remained at the mouth of the river : the
king of Linga had made fo fo fudden an attack, that
Melo was not apprized of the affair ; there were lik- -
wife fo many turnings and windings in the river, and
the banks were fo high, that he could not perceive
what was going forward. But at laff, when he heard
the noife of the cannon, and the rattling of arms, he
failed up the river, and boarded the king's fliip. Our
people that day killed great numbers of tlie enemy,
and plundered all their fhips. Hie king of Linga
faved himfcif by jumping over- board. After the ac-
tion was over, the king of Campar exprelTed him-
ielf in the moft grateful manner to the Portuguefe com-
manders for their fervice. He likcwife fhewed the
higheft fatisfadlion for the honour Albuquerque had
done him, in creating him bendar of Malacca,
Melo took along with him feveral of the enemy's
fhips, and burnt the reft. He ordered the king of
IJnga's to be hauled afhore, and after it was repaired,
gave it to the king of Campar, to carry him to
Malacca.
Ninachetu having heard that he was to be deprived
of his preferment, and that the king of Campar wa<?
ftnt for to fucced him, became deeply affeded witfi
this difgrace, nor would the pride of his foul allow
him to brook fuch an indignity, tie ordered a hiph
fcafFold to be ereded, which was covered with the
richeft filks, and the fineft tapeftry, ard ftrowed with
yarieiy of flowers aqd fvyeet herbs. There was like.
v/ife
156 The H I s T o R y of Book IX.
wife a lighted pile below of aronlatick wood. This
not a little raifed the curiofity and attention of the
rnultitude, who could not devife what was the mean-
ing of all this preparation. At laft Ninachetu, clad
in cmbroiHered clothes, fparkling with the mod pre-
cious diamonds, came forth from his houfe, and af-
cended the fcaffoid, from whence he made a mod
moving fpeech. In this he enumerated the many
fer vices he had done the Portuguefe, both before and
after the taking of Malacca. With what conftancy
he had perfcvered in his duty to Emmanuel, and
with what refolution' he had maintained his fidelity,
even at the danger of hrs own life, on many occa-
fions, ' And now, faid he, as a reward for all my
* pall fervices, I am f.o be difcarded in my old age,
^ and to be ufed with fuch indignity, as no man of
' fpirit can put up with. I am to be ftripped of all
* my honours, by thofe Portuguefe who themfelves
' conferred them upon me, and whom I am confci-
* ous to have ferved with the utmoft honour and
' integrity. Yet thefe men now give me up as a
* worthlefs wretch, to linger out the remainder of my
* days in ignominy and univerfal contempt. But,
* added he, it was always my opinion that death was
' preferable to a fhameful life, and at prefent I am
* determined to give a convincing proof of the fincerity
* of my fendments on this point.' Having fpoke thefe
words he threw himfelf headlong into the pile, and
was immediately confumed. The tragical death of this
man, not a Httle affedled the fpedacors. Their pity
and horror were at once excited, efpecially when
they recolledled his inviolable attachment and fidelity
to the Portuguefe on all occafions.
Whilfl: thefe thirgs happened at Malacca, Albu-
querque fent an embailador to the king of Cambaya.
This kingdom is the mofl weftern part of Proper India,
and is bounded by the confines of Arachofia. The
Indus, which is fwelled by many rivers running from
the eaft and \veft, takes its courfe through this coun-
try.
Book IX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 157
try. There is a large bay into which the Indus tak^s
its influx, which by ancient writers ufed to be called
Caticolpus. The foil of this country is faid to be
fo fertile, that a few acres will maintain an incredi-
ble number of men. It produces corn and fruits of
all forts, and alfo a confiderable quantity of fugar canes.
It affords the fined pafture for all kind of cattle, in
which the country very much abounds. The fea
coaft is moftly inhabited by Arabians, and the inland
parts by Pagans. There is a wild and uncivilized
people called Prefbuti, who live on the mountains:
thefe, when they became Mahometans, revolted from
the king of Cambaya, and are offen at war with him.
The Cambayan merchants are extremely rich, and
by their traffic add greatly to the revenues of their
prince, who keeps numbers of mercenary troops in
his fervice, to whom he gives great encouragement.
Diu is a remarkable city in this kingdom, ficuated in
a fmall iHand, which is feparated from the main land,
by a very narrow channel : the convenience of its
haven drew many merchants thither; fo that it was
then a celebrated mart, famous for its trade and riches,
Albuquerque was extremely defirous of building a fort
in this iQand. In order to procure his liberty he had
done all the friendly offices in his power to the king,
who, as we have mentioned above, had accordingly
confented. But Melichiaz the governour of Diu,
thought the liberty and I'afety of the people would be
greatly endangered by fuch a conceflion, and by his
intereft hindered the fort from being built.
There was at that time one Mclichigup, a man of
the firfl diftindion in Cambaya, and who had great
influence with the king. Albuquerque by his libe-
rality gained over this perfon to the Portuguefe in-
tereft, and prevailed upon him to do his utmofi
with the king, that the fort might be allowed to be
built. Melichigup gave Albuquerque great hopes, and
advifed him to fend an embaffy to his majelty. He
accordingly dilpatched Fernando de Beja, with a grand
retinue.
15^ The H I s T o k y df Book IX^
retinue, as embafTador to that prince. Fernando, in
his way went to Suratte, a city fituated on the gulph
of Cambaya, and under the power of Mehchigup*
There he was received by the chief magiftrate, and
all the principal inhabitants, in the mofl honourable
manner. But when he underftood that the king had
at that time a mifunderftanding with Melichigup,
on whom he chiefly depended for the fuccefs of his
embalTy, he had then fome thoughts of returning :
but this the chief people there difluaded him from^
for many of them, out of a pique at Melichiaz, were
dcfirous that the Portuguefe fhould fucceed. They
accordingly encouraged the embafTador to proceed,
and made him a prefent of thirty three horfes, to-
gether with fome chariots to carry his baggage. They
likewife fent with him a guard of foldiers for his pro-
teclion. Fernando having fet out from Suratte, four
days afterwards arrived at Champanel, a large and
flrong city in tht fame kingdom : Here he met with
Melichigup, who treated him with the utmoft kind-
nefs and hofpitality, and advifed him to beware of the
arts and ftratagems of the mifchievous Melichiaz. Here
he fpent three days in the highefl mirth and feftivitj^
with Melichigup, who, at Fernando's departure^
furnifhed him with a ftionger guard, and a flock of
p'ovifions. He, at the fame time, entreated him to
iodge at no houfe, but by the approbation and di-
redion of a guide, whom he gave him for the fe-
curity of his perfon-, for without fuch precaution^
he faid, he mufl certainly run the greatefl danger.
Fernando proceeded very gently on his journey^
till he came to Mandava, where the king then refidedi
He was introduced to the royal palace, where the king
reclining upon a couch, received him very politely;
The embaflador and the reft of the Portuguefe paid
iheir refpedls to his majefiy, after the manner of their
country. They had all many valuable prefents given
them, and were treated with the greateft kindnefs
and hofpitality. But as to the fort, the king had
been
Book IX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 159
been fo far wrought upon by Melichiaz, that he could
by no means be prevailed on to fulfil his promife.
He faid, however, he would allow them to build a fore
in Suratte, Bombay, Nairn, or Doubez, which were
all cities on the fea coaft; but that, for very good rea-
foils, he could not permit them to eredi: one in Diu.
Fernando accordingly departed, without being able to
accomplifh the defign of his cmbaffy ; but in other
refpedbs, he had no reafon to complain, for during
his Hay there, he and all his attendants had indeed
been treated with the utmoft civility. At his depar-
ture he received feveral prefents for Albuquerque,
together with a large fupply of provifions, and then
he fet out on his return for Goa.
In the mean while Albuquerque was bufied in fit-
ting out a fleet, which, according to report, was def-
tined for Arabia, but in reality it was chiefly againft
Ormus. In order that this defign might be executed
with greater fecrecy, and the king of Ormus have the
lefs fufpicion, Albuquerque had fent his nephew Pe-
dro, with four Ihips, to Cape Gardafu, to harafs the
Arabians on that coafl:. There he fpent the greatefl;
part of the fummer, during which time he took ttn
of the Arabian fhips loaded with very valuable car-
goes. Purfuant to his infl:rud:ions, Pedro x^lbuquer-
que then fleered for Ormus, where he demanded the
tribute which was due, from Terunxa the king then
on the throne, (his brother Zeifadim being dead). He
alfo ftrongly follicited for the liberty of building a
fort there; and that he would renew and ratify the
league which had been concluded v;ith his brother.
The king paid only ten thoufand ducats of the tri-
bute, faying he was then fo pinched in his circum-
ftance, that he could not give the whole, but as foon
as it was in his power, he would pay the remainder,
with the flridlcft honour. He refufed, however, to per-
mit the Portuguefe to build a fort. But he faid he
was ready, whenever they pleafcd, to ratify and con-
firm the league with (hem.
Things
i^o The History of Book IX*
Things being thus fettled at Ormus, Pedro Albu-
querque, according to his uncle's orders, refolved to
fail for the iQand of Baharen, fituated in the Pcrfian
gulph, about four hundred miles from that part where
the rivers of Euphrates and Tigris, in one united
flream, fall into this gulph at one mouth, which li-
near a league and a half wide at the entrance. The
king endeavoured to difTuade him from this defjgn^
telhng him that the navigation was extremely dange-
rous, by reafon of the many hidden rocks and fhelves j
and the air of the climate being fo thick and foggy,
this would likewife be greatly prejudicial to his own
health, as well as that of his men, Neverthekfs, he
perfifted in his refolution, and accordingly failed up
the gulph. When he had got pretty near the ifland
of Baharen, he met with a boifterous dorm, which
drove his fliips on the Perfian coaft, where he came
to an anchor in the port of Raxel. Being there in-
formed that Mirbuzaca, the Perfian Ibphi's admiral,
had taken twenty of the king of Ormus's fhips, he
immediately difpatched a meflengcr to him, to let
him know, that the king of Ormus was tributary to
Emmanuel, and under his protedion ; and that he
therefore could not allow any injury to be done his royal
matter's ally. But before he proceeded to any hofti-
li^y, he thought it expedient, in a friendly manner, to
defire a reititution of the fliips which had been taken.
Mirbuzica, either (truck with terror, or moved with
the equity of the requeft, immediately yielded up the
fhips. Pedro Albuquerque, returned with the fhips
to Ormus, and reflored them to the king, who being
blinded by this flievv of complaifance, did not in the
lead dream, that the Portuguefe were forming any de-
fign again ft him. Pedro having fet out from Ormus^
went back to Goa, at which time his uncle was ftill
bufy in fitting out a fleet. But before he failed from
Goa, he fent John Gundifalvo de Albicaftro, as an
emballiidor to Zabaim Idalcam, defiring him, if he
was Willing to purchafe horfes at Goa, that he would
afilgn
Book IX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. i6t
affign the Portug'jefe feme places on the continent
which they might fortify. He likewife fent Antonio
Soufa to the king of Narfinga, to defire he would
grant him the city of Batical, on the weftern coalt of
India. Thefe two embafladors were received by the
princesjn a very poh'te manner, and had many valu-
able prefents given them, but they returned to Goa,
without being able to accomplifh the purport of their
embafly. ^
Vet. IL
H
BOOK
jCz The History of EookX.
BOOK X.
THIS year five fhips arrived at Goa from Portu-
gal, in one of which was the embaflador whom
the king of Ormus had fcnt to Emmanuel. Albu-
querque was then at Cochin, getting ready a fleet for
Lisbon. He returned to Goa towards the end of
February 15 15. Having fettled every thing necef-
fary to efl:ablifh peace and tranquillity in India, he
failed from Goa with a fleet of twenty feven fhips, be-
fides feveral fmall veiTels, aboard which there were a
confiderable number of Indian foldiers. He put in at
the port of Mafcata, where he received fuch infor-
mation about the affairs of Ormus, as made him fuf-
pe6b the fidelity of the king and his commanders.
Having watered his fleet, and taken in a fupply of
provifions, he fleered for Ormus. The king being
alarmed by his fudden arrival, %vas exceflively com-
plaifant, and ufed all his endeavours to procure the
favour of Albuquerque. He fent Acem, one of his
domeiiicks, to congratulate him on his arrival, and to
aflure him, that all the wealth an^ power of his king-
dom was at his fervice •, and defiring him to ulc
the fame freedom at Ormus as he v/ould do in Por-
tugal. The viceroy returned for anfv»'er, that he
Wvould ufe the king as his own fon, if he found his
adlions to agree with his friendly profefllons -, but if
it proved otiierwife, he might expect the utmoft fe-
verity.
Albuquerque having difmiflfed the mefienger, dif-
-patchedfome of his fmalltfl:. veiTels to fail round the
ifland, toobferve if^there were any fliips of war cruiz-
ing near the ifland J if they found any foldiers who
refuled
Book X. the PORTUGUESE, Sec. 163
refufed to furrencler, that they fliould deftroy them,
but if they fubmitted, to bring them off as captives.
Two days were fpenc in this manner, whilft in the
mean time, fcvtraj meflcngers went backwards and
forwards, betwixt Albuquerque and the king, who
endeavoured to footh Wun by the fairefi: exprefllons.
The Viceroy, however, threatened liim with deftruc-
tion, if he proved unfaithtuL Albuquerque had
aboard one of his fnips the embadador whom the
kingof Ormus had fcnt to Ponugal ; him he at laft
difmified, after having exacted from him an oath of
fidelity. This man was a Sicilian by birth, but in his
younger years being taken by piraies, he had been
bred up in the Mahometan religion. When in Portu-
gal, he was fb (truck wirh the beauty of our holy re-
ligion, that he renounced Mahumetanifm, and turned
Chriliian, and was afterwards called by the name of
Nicholas Ferreira. Albuquerque, before he difmif-
fed him, had taken proper precautions, to prevent the
king of Ormus from doing 'him any prejudice, on
account of his having abjured that execrable religion.
The particulars which the king, by his embaflador,
afked of Emmanuel, were thefe, firft. That his Por-
tuguefe majefly would remit the tribute impofed on
him, fince his treafury was quite exhaufted. For the
Portuguefe fhips, had ftruck fuch a terror into all
the foreign merchants, that none of them, as ufual,
traded to his dominions : fo that by this means his
revenues, which arofe intirely from the duties on
merchandize, were now quire deftroyed. Secondly,
he requefled, that his fubje& may be allow*d a free
trade to India; and that all fhips from thence mighc
fail unmoleded to Ormus : and in^ order lo rendei*
this the more pradicable, that none of the Portuguefe
fhips might be aliovv'd to come to Ormus ; for if
they did, commerce could not flourilh, nor cou'd he
recover his revenues. Thirdly, As a fubjedl of king
Emmanuel, in whofe protcclion he ccnfiJcd, he re-
quired, aii a piece cf juftice and equity, thac his ma-
M 2 je^y
164 The History of Book X.
jefty would order rcllitution to be made of all the
fbips and merchandize taken from him. And laftly.
That all the people of Ormus, who had been taken
priloners, flioulcl be reftored to their hberty. The
anf'vver which the embaiTidor receiv^ed was, thac Em-
manuel, provided the king of Ormus remained faith-.
ful, and allowed the Portiiguefe to build a fort in the
city, would remit half the tribute \ that he would
likewife allow a free trade to and from Ormu% pro-
vided the flVips trading there carried no contraband
goods, and the merchants came not from thofe parts
which were at war with the Portuguefe. The requell
that none of the Portuguefe might fail to Ormus was
rejeded, for this Itemed as if the king of OrnuiSi:
wanted to fhake off the authority of Emmanueh
The reftitution of > the Ihips and goods was likewife
refuftd •, for they had been taken by right of war
from thoie who had violated their faith. The cap*
lives however, were ordered to be fet at liberty.
Albuquerque had the grandfon of Raix Noradirt,
a youth of great diflinclion, delivered to him as a
hoflage, before he difmiiTed Ferreira. Had not the
viceroy taken this method for his fecurity, he had
certainly been treated by the king with great feverity,.
for having renounced the Mahometan religion. The
king received the letters of Emmanuel with an ap>-
pearance of great vefped, and, though unwilling,, he
held a converfation with Ferreira. The following day
Albuquerque fent a mefTenger to the king, declaring,
that he would proceed to hofliili'iies, if he did not im-
mediately aiTign him a place where a fort might be
erecfed, and alio allot fome part of the city where
the Portuguefe might rcfide j for he laid, he was
defirous of pafllng eight or nine month in Ormus.
The king filled with the urmofl: confternation, granted
every thing, telling Albuquerque he relied on his ho-
nour; and hoped he would do nothing prejudicial to
his kingdom. He fcnt Noradin to conclude the league
in a foleir^n manner, which v»'as accordi-ngly ratified".
The
BookX. the PORTUGUESE, &c 165
The king was prefented with a golden chain, together
with a llandard on which was Emmanuti's arms.
This he fixed on tne lop of his palace, as a token of
peace, and a voluntary acknowledgment of Emmanu-
el's fovereignty. The Portuguefc accordingly fee a-
LoLit building the fore on that fpot where it had been
formerly begun.
At ihis time, Ifmael the king of Perfia, made a
confidcrabJe figure for his pov/cr in arms, and was
alio heid in ihe higheft veneration for his zeal in
religion. Ele was defcended from Alks and Maho-
met. Alles, as it is related by fcveral hiiiorian^ was
by birth coufin to Mahomet, and by marriage his
fon-in-Iav/, for he married his daughter Fatima. After
the death of Mahomet, he fucceeded him in his fo-
vereignty, and m.ade great alteradons in his law. He
abuiiilied m^any articles, and added not a few of his
own, and what remained he correded by new inter-
pretations in fjch a nianner, that the whole feemed to
the people, as another fyftem of religion. This oc-
cafioned a fchifm in their church, fome following the
dodrine of Mahomet, and others that of Alles. Thefe
two fecSls conceived the mo't inveterate hitred at
each other. The Pcrfians, who followed the tenets of
Alles, looked upon the other feels who fcrupuloufly .
adhered to the law of Mahomet, to be men of impure
principles, and ignorant of the divine law; and there-
fore re)e(5led them from their religious fellowfliip.
The Arabians, on the other hand, detefted the Per-
fians, exclaiming againfl them as apoftates, and cor-
ruptors of the divine law. Upon the deceafe of
Alles, his Ton Hocem fucceeded to his foverisnty, as
well as his vile religion*, but he foopv had the fame
fate as his father, both being taken off by poifon.
Kocem was fucceeded by a brother of the fame name,
who likewife retained the tenets of Alles, with great
zea^, till the day of his death. This man had twelve
fo , who were fo eminent for their religious zeal, and
fa'V'lity of manners, that the Perfians looked upom
M 3 them
1 66 The History oF Book X.
them as the favourltt^s of the deity, and fomewhat a-
bove the rank of human creatures. One of them, the
moft confpicuous fgr his piety, was called Muza
Ca'm.
After the deah of thefe men, the name of Alles
funk into obfcurity. The fucceeding princes
adhered to the law oi Mahomet with great (Irictners,
till at laft one defcended from Muza Cairn came to
be fophi. This prince began to revive the tenets
of /ilies. The fame he had acquired for his vt'ifdom
and religion induced may to follow his perfuafion.
He had like wife not a little promoted it by the power
of his arms ^ fo that now the name of Alles was rai-
{>:d from oblivion, and many nations embraced his
tenets. This prince, inilead of linnen turbants, which
the Mahometanfs ufed to wear on their heads, con-
trived caps of wool dyed green, and plaited in fuch
a manner, that they could be contraded or extended
at ple?,lure : thefe he ordered to be worn by all thofe
who adhered to the dotStrine of Alles, as a mark to
diifiiiguifh them from the othcT Mahomeran??. He
like wife caufed thefe caps to be marked with the
number twelve, in remicmbrance of Hcchem's fons.
llmatl was defcended from this fophi, being the
fon ofAidam, his grand fen. He had undergone va-
rious haidfhip?; but the fame of his wifdom and re-
ligious zeal, as we have already mienrioned, was fo
great, that all the Perfians had come under his fo-
vereignty with the utmofl: chearfulnefs. He was
certainly a man of :,! great and generous foul, and by
maijy fignal victories, had very much extended his
dominions. He had had feveral engagements with
Selym emperor of the Turks, and was cow arrived
at fuch a pitch of grandeur, that he was not inferior
in flrength to that monarch. His dQ^^iVCy however,
though great, of enlarging his power, was not greater
than his zeal for propagating his religion ; for partly
by entreaties and partly by threats, he brought many
to follow :he docftrines and tenets which Alles had
left
2
Book X. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 167
left in writings. Prompted by his cnthufiafm, he
wrote letters to the king of Cambaya, as v;ell as to
Zabaim Idalcam, earneiliy intreating them to follow
the religion of Ailes: but in this he did not fuc-
ceed.
This fame prince having heard much of the fame
and glory of Albuquerque, who had performed fo
many noble exploits in India and at Ormus, thac
his name was become famous throughout all Perlia
and Arabia; and though Albuquerque had taken
Ormus, from under the Perfian monarchy, yet Ifmaet
had the h'ghefb admiration for him : for this is a par-
ticular excellency in the Perfians, as it has been ob-
ferved in ancient v/ritings, that they admire virtue
wherever they find it, infomuch that they often be-
ftow the higheft encomiums on their enemies, whom
they have engaged in battle. Ifmael having, as we
have faid already, fent an eaibaflador to thcfe Indian
princes, iUidly charged him to wait on Albuquerque
in his name, and to alTure him of his friend fhip
and fervice. The name of the embafiador was Co-
jealeam, who, according to his indruclions, having
faluted the viceroy, in a very refpedful manner, ad-
vifed him to fend an embafiador to Ifmael, who he
laid, was a great admirer of the Portuguefe, and ex-
tremely delirous of entering into a treaty of friendship
with them. Albuquerque was not a little pleafed v;ith
this embafTy, for he thought fuch a league would tend
greatly to fecure the Portuguefe intereit at Ormus.
He accordingly fent Michael Ferreira to Ifmael, who
received him with the higheft marks of honour, giving
him the preference above all other embalTadors ac
his court. He converfed with hinv in the mod fa-
miliar and jocofe manner; he enquired very curiouQy
into the manners and cuftoms of the Portuguefe,
the difpofition and genius of the people, and the
chara6ler and behaviour of Emmanuel : and v/hen
Ferreira anfwered, he feemed to hear him with an
extraordinary fatisfadion -, for indeed Michael was a
M 4 man
368 The History of Book X.
man of fine fenfc, and excellent elocution. At his
defire, Ifmael fent Bairimbonat, one of his chief no-
bles, as an embaflador to Albuquerque, who happened
to come with Ferreira to Ormus, at the time when
the Portuguefe wtrre bufy in finiOiing the fort.
Albuquerque thought that this embaffy, would add
a confiderable lufire and dignity to the Portuguefe
name and aurhority in Ormus j he therefore refolved
to receive the embalTador in the moft pompous man-
ner. He ordered a fcaffold to be ereded in the
market place, near the king's palace, that his ma-
jefty and all his courtiers might behold the ceremo-
ny. This, according to his diredions, was covered
with the richefl tapeftry, and feats were ranged in
order, where he placed himfelf attended with a number
of the Portuguefe nobility^ and, in this public manner,
he received the embaffador. Bairimbonat had very
much admired Albuquerque by his fame and reputa-
tion ; but his admiration, became much greater,
when he now beheld the majeflic gravity of his looks,
his grey hairs, aud his keen fparkling eyes, which
ferved to point out the fagacity and penetration of
his mind. The embaffador related the fubjecl of
his embaffy in a clear and dJRin(5h manner, and then
produced the letters and prefents, from his royal
mailer to Emmanuel and Albuquerque, who order-
ed them to be held forth, fo as all the fpe6tators
might behold them. He then returned an anfwer,
in which he took care to preferve a proper digni-
ty, and at the fame time, expreffed the utmoft gra-
titude to limael. The embaffy contained nothing
more than the higefl encomiiums on the Portuguefe
merit, and profeffions of the utmofi: friend fhip and re-
gard for rhem. Albuquerque, in a few days after,
difmiffed Bairimbonat with many valuable prefents : he
at the fame time, fent another embaffidor to Ifmael,
with letters, and fome private inftru6lions relating to
the Porcuguefe affairs. The perfon pitched on for this
puropofe v^as Fernando Gomezio Lemos ^ but vve
fcvll
Book X. the PORTUGUESE, Sec. 169
iliall take notice of this embafTy more fully in another
place.
After the departure of the embaffadors, Albuquer-
que applied himlclf wholly to finifliing the fjrt, and
fettling other matters which might contribute to ef-
tablilli the Portugucfe intcreft at Ormus. And although
he perceived that many hoftile fchemes were hatching
againft the Poituguefe, which he like wife rook care to
prevent, yet he always conduced matters in 'fich n
manner, that none of his fecret enemies ever imagined
that he knew or f ) much as iufpeded their defigns.
But many of thefe plotters conlcious of their wickcd-
nefs, were diftruftfu), and generally upon their guard.
This they thought highly neceflary, eipeciaily as Zei-
fadim late king of Ormus, and Cojetar the chief mi-
nider of the (fate, bitter enemies to the Portuguefe,
were now dead. Raix Nordin, who fucceeded Coje
Atar, having poifoncd Zeifadim, and baniflied his chil-
dren, had advanced Torunxa to the throne ; his de-
fign being, that this man Ihould enjoy the name,
whilft he himfelf had the whole power and fovereignty
in his own hands. But Nordin being at length worn
out with years, and unable to undergo the fatigue of
the adminifiration, devolved it on his grandfon Raix-
hamed, a keen and violent man, about thirty five
years of age : but though he conferred the toil and la-
bour on him, yet he relerved for himfelf all the
wealth and profit of thi«: high employment. Raix-
hamed kept Terunxa always b-.fet with I'uch ftrong
guards, that he not only held the kingcc;m, but the
king himfelf in a ftate of thraldom. The palace wa?
always filled with fuch a number offpies, that his
majefly durfl: hardly open his mouthy led, what he
faid, might be offenfive to Ratxhamed, who, if he
thought proper, would pull out his eyes, or deprive
him of hfeitftrJf. Yet the king once had the courage,
after the league was formed, to complain to Albu-
querque of the tyranny of this vjuain. I'his the
vicepy kept fecret. The king, at another time, by
rneans
I ^o The History of Book X.'
means of Alexander Ataide, as an interpreter, declared
to Albuquerque, that he was kept as a fetcer'd flave,
and obferved by fo many fpies, that he dared not to
lerve the Portiiguefe, as he was defirous to do. Hamed,
in the mean while, though he gave the Portuguefe
fine words, yet was fecredy forming plots for their
de6lru6lion, Befidts, in order to draw off the king
from his fidelity to Emmanuel, he had obliged him to
accept of the cap and the books of Alles, lent by li-
mae!, that by this means he might give a public
proof of his being attacked to the Perfian monarch.
Albuquerque having enquired into i\\Sc things, and
found them to be true, refolved to take off Hamed.
But this he did not choofe to do by open force, left
he might thereby be involved in war and civil broils;
he therefore had recourfe to flratagem. He always
profelTed the greateft friend lliip to Hamed, and, in
order to free him from all appiehenfion, did him all
the friendly offices in his power. He fcnt Alexander
Araide the interpreter, and Pedro Alpoe, both very
intimate with the king, to tell his majefty he wanted
to have a meeting with, him, in order to lay before
him and Hamed fome fecret affairs, relating to the
ilate of Ormus, and the intereft of his Portuguefe
majefly, and defired that he himfelf would fix upon
the place of conference. There was a houfe inhabited
by Simon Andrade, adjoining to the fort, which was
accordingly pitched on for this purpofe. It was
agreed on both fides, that Albuqiierque fhould come
attended only with his 6fHcers, and thefe without
arms, and the king likewife with a certain number of
his nobility unarmed. The king and the viceroy how-
ever, were each of them to be attended by one gen-
tlem.an, who was to be allowed to wear a fword. The
relt of the Portuguefe and Perfians were not to be
admitted to this fecret conference, but to be drawn up
in arms near the fhore. Albuquerque, on the night
preceding the day oppointed, held a private council
with his ofBcers, to whom he difcovcred his defign,
and
Book X. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 171
and ordered them to carry ^::^s concealed under their
cluatlis. The next morning before day break, he
went afliore, vyherc he drew up his forces, and kit
feme of his officers with them : with the reft he pro-
ceeded fi)r Simon's houfe. Raixhamed, in like manner
drew up his men on die iliore, and C(;ndiR':l;ed the king
towards Andrade's houfe. But Hamed was iikewife
fecretly armed, being refolved 10 afTalTinate Albuquerque
who, he thoi'ghr, had come unprepared. He accord-
ingly went up 10 the viceroy very boldly; bur, after
the iifual forms of ceremony were over, he happened
to caft his eyes on thole who attended Albuquerque,
and although he did not perceive [heir arms, yet the
fufpicion run ftrong in his head : and, as if it were,
forefeeing the fatality of that day, he was for going
back, and at the fam.e time he endeavoured to per-
fuade the king nor to enter the houle, teHing him [hat
Albuquerque was certainly furrounded with a body
of armed men. Neverthelefs the king proceeded, and
obliged Hamed, as ufual, ro walk before him. As
foon as they entered, Garcia Norhona ordered the
doors to be fhut; fo that the greateft part of thofe who
had come in arms to affift Hamed were hindered
from entering. Being thus excluded they were moved
with the higheft indignation, and endeavoured to
force open the gate. They complained that the Por-
tuguefe had a6kd contrary to the agreement, whereby
it had been fettled, that the viceroy and the king fhould
come with an equal number of attendants; that the
farmer had his full compliment, whilft the latrer v^ar.
only accompanied by four perfons, and the reft: nsofb
unjuftly excluded.
In the mean while Albuquerque within acculid
Hamed of carrying arms, which he commanded him
to produce. Hamed, depending on the afilftance of
his attendants (for he did not know they were
excluded) immiCdiately drew his fword : but Al-
buquerque catching faft hold ©f his arm, hindered
him from doing any mifchief, and Pedro Albuquer-
que, together with Lopez Vafco de Sando Pelagio,
coming
172 Th« History of Book X,
coming np, difpatched him by fcveral wounds. When
the king beheld this Icene, he was thrown into the
litmoft panic : but Albuquerque embracing him
in the moll affcdlionate manner, bid him lay afide
his fears. ' Hitherto (faid he) you have only had
* the name of a prince, whilft in reality you was a (lave
* under the opprelTion of a moft wicked tyrant.
' Henceforward be free, be a king, and ufe your
* ro}al prerogative.'
In the mean while, thofe who were excluded con-
tinued to make an inceflant noife : and when they
heard that Hamed was killed, and his body thrown
out at the back part of thehoufe, they then concluded
their king mull fliFfer the fame fate, and with greater
fury they endeavoured to break down the gate. But
fome of the Portuguefe ofticers coming up with part
of the forces (the reft being Mt to oppofe the king's
foldiers, in cafe of any hoilile aitempt) their arrival
queird the fury of thofe who were beating down the
ga'e. Neverthelefs, feveral of the nobility and ciii-
zens, infilled on their king being delivered up in
fafety, otherwife they threatened to fire the houfe.
The king at the defire of Albuquerque, went up to
a balcony, on the upper part of ihe houfe, from whence
he fhewed himfelf to all his people, and bid them be
of good courage : telling them, that the Portuguefe
had done him no injury ; on rhe contrary, they had
fervcd him in a very fingular manner ; that he was
now reftored to liberty, and to the exercife of his
kingly power, which he faid he would ufe over his
people with the greared: juilice and humanity. He
then declared that he Vv^ould capitally punifli thofe
who fhould offer any hoftiiity to the Portuguefe.
Neverthelefs, Modafario and Allis, brothers of the
late tyrant, inveighed againfi: the Portuguefe, and the
king himfelf, in the moft outragious manner. Thefe
two perfons, with a body of armed men, took pof-
fefTion of the royal palace, where they ref )lved to de-
fend therpfelves, But being deterred by the king's
menaces,
BookX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 175
menaces, and the fear of Albuquerque, they quitted
the palace, after having rec^^ived a prcmife of pardon
for what they had already done. I'hcfe men in a
limited time were obliged to leave the ifland; which
they accordingly did with all their vafTals and de-
pendents, and the greateft part of Hamed's fadion.
Thus the city was dehvercd of a moft dangerous crew,
which threatened deftrudion ro the whole date; for
Hamed had clandeftinely brought feveral foreign troops
into Ormus, being determined to drive the Portuguefe
from the city, and to give it up to the Perfian fopni.
Whilft thefe things were tranfided itn India, the
Portuguefe performed fcvfral great exploits in Africa.
Jehabentaf having advifed Ataid, that there was a con-
fid erable body of the enemy encamped near Morocco,
who might be eafily furprized, Ataide fent Lopez
Barriga to him with one hundred cavalry, who accord-
ingly joined Jehabentaf: but the enemy had decamped
to a large town, near the mountain of Atlafs -, Bar-
riga therefore by a letter informed Ataide, that there
was occafion for a larger reinforcement, which he
accordingly fent by A!phonfo Norhona his fon-in-lav/.
Jehabentaf had now under his command one thou-
land cavalry. The enemy, however, confided of
four hundred troops of horfe, befides a confiderable
number of infantry : they had again moved their
camp, but our people followed their track. Barriga,
who led the van, which confided of one hundred and
fifty horfe, having come up with their rear fell fu-
rioufiy upon them. Thefc though they made at fir ft
a (lout refinance, yet they were at lad forced to fly-
to the main body of their army. There the enemy
fupcrior in numbers charged Barriga fo furiouHy, that
he was obliged to retire : but Norhona and Jehaben-
taf coming up, the engagement v.as renewed with
fredi vigour, and the vi'ftory for fome time feemed
to incline to neither fide. The enem.y, however were
at lad routed ; great numbers of their men were fiain,
and above fiv^e hundred tr.ken prifoners, Oi^r people
carriea
174 The History of Book X*
carried off twenty thoufand fheep, one thoufand oxen,
and four hundred camels. The enemy having fooa
after received a reinforcement, rallied their fcattered
troops, and again attacked our people ; but the event
proved the fame as in the former conflid. Three of
the Portuguefe, and a few of the confederate Moors
fell in this a6lion •, the rell: of the army marched off
with their booty to the city, without any further mo-
Icilation.
John Coutign, Ton of Vafco Coutign, Conde di
Borbc,, at this time held the government of Arzila,
as his father's deputy. He was a brave youth, and
extremely aclive in warlike affairs. He fee out with
one hundred and forty horfe on an excurfion to mount
Farrob. When he came near this mountain, he re-
ceived intelligence, by his fpies, that the governors
of Laroze and Moleihamar, and a fon of Barraxa,
with eight hundred horfe, were in a plain at a little
diilance, and that they were marching to Arzila and
Tangier, in order to lay wafte the neighbouring
lands. Coutign refolved to attack them; and left they
fhould decline the engagement, went with his men
and took poffeffion of a pais, where he m.ufb unavoid-
ably meet them. The battle was bloody and fevere,
and remained a longtime doubtful. 1 his party of-
the enemy confifced of very brave men, in whom
love of glory was im.planted in a very high degree.
Our people fliewed no lefs intrepidity, for they knew
their whole fafety depended on their courage. The
enemy were at latl worded : above two hundred were
killed on the fpot, and forty-one made prifoners ; a-
m-ongft thefe many noblemen and perfons of high
renown. The fpoil confided of horfes, and feveral
ornaments of the nobility.
About the fame time the Moors of Xiatlm (tribu-
tary to the Portugufe) fent to beg affiftance of Ataide,
to drive Xerif out of their territories, who had already
done them confiderable damage. He accordingly dif-
patched Baniga to their aid with fifty horfe. Barriga
bavins:
BookX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 175
having joined the people of Xiatim, marched to the
top ot mount Farrob. Being here informed that
Xerif had attacked and pkindered feveral of the tents
belonging to the Moors of Xiaiim, and killed feve-
ral of their men, he made all hafte after him, and
came up with his rear. He killed fome of them, and
took one prifoner -, the reft betook themfelves to flight;
but his numbers being fo few, he did not think it
prudent to purfue them. He fentto Atqide to defire
a ftronger reinforcement, who immediately difpatched
George Mendez, with fifty more horfe. Xerif, at the
head of one thouiand fix hundred cavalry, was making
all hafte to attack our people. Barriga drew up his
forces in tv^o lines, one he gave to George Mendez
Aiaide, and Pedro Barriga, the other he himfelf com-
manded. The confederate Moors drew up their men
after the fame manner. Xerif had difpof^d his troops
in the following order : the center of his army con-
lifted of feven hundred horfe, and was under the com|
mand of Albedelquibir, his own coufin ; he himfelf
commanded the left wing ; and the right he entrufted
to another general in whom he had very high confi-
dence. The center unable to contain themfelves, rufhed
at once with great fury upon the Portuguefe, and
fiirrounded them with their numbers; fo that they were
obliged to form themfelves into a fquare for their de-
fence. But Lopez Barriga coming up, brifkly charged
the enemy who had encompafTed our people, whilil
at the fame time the confederate Mooors maintained
a fevere battle with the enemy's two wings. The
conflidt lafted a confidcrable time, and was fouo-ht
with the utmoft obftinacy on both fides. In the mean
while Pedro Barriga fpurred on his horfe, and with
his fpear he erigaged and killed Albedelquibir, who
headed the enemy's center. Thofe who fought under
him, as foon as they fav/ their general fa'I, began to
give way, and our people animated by this fuccefs, at
laft entirely routed them. Lopez Barriga then ad-
vanced againft the wing commanded by Xerif;" here
Xerquc
1 7^ The History of Book X.
Xerque Bentagogim, a man of great diclindion, hav-
ing attacked Ftlago Rocierigo, had difmounted
him, and was about to kill him, as he lay pro-
ftrate on the ground, when Barriga luckily came to
his deliverance, and with a fpear run his antagonift
through. A fon of Bentagogim coming up to the
affiilance of his father, fuffcred the fame fate from
Barriga. Thus in one place he killed tv\'0 of the ene-
my's chief ofncers, and faved one of his own people.
Xerif, andjhis whole army, were at lad completely
routed, and driven to flight. Our people followed
them a confiderable way, but in the purfuit they
killed only about one hundred, mod of the enemy
laving tlicmklves by the fwiftnefs of their horfes.
Ataide, encouraged by this fuccefs of Barriga, was
determined to perform fome remarkable exploit : and
remembring the bravery of Diego Lopez, who with
a handful of men had advanced to the very gates of
Morocco, he refolved to make an attempt on that
city. He therefore fent to give notice to the confe-
derate Moors, that they fliouidbe in arms on a certain
day •, for he faid he was going to embark in an enter-
prize, which he hoped, would procure them a confi-
derable fliare of glory, as well as booty. But his
particular defign he difcovered to none. Lopez Bar-
riga, in the name of Ataide, went to llir up the Moors
that they might be in readinefs ; but having heard
that Xerif was then in the caflle of Amagor, he ferit
to Araide defiring a body of men to iurprize him.
Ataide accordingly difpatched his grandlon Alvaro
Mendez Ccrvaria, with two hundred horfe and fifty
foot foldiers armed with mufquets and other fire arm* :
Cervaria after a week's journey joined Barriga, who by
this lime had got together the Moors. The caftle of
Amagor is fituated on a high and craggy mountain,
at the bottom of which runs a river on each fide. The
place included within the caftle is fo extenfive, that
it contains above one hundred villages. Our people
approached this place about fun- fee, and accordingly
pitched
BookX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 177
pitched their tenrs. Some c;r the enemy having fallied
out from the caftle attacked the contederat- Moors,
and drove them from their ftation : but the Portugiiefe
quickly coming up, joon obliged thenri to retreat.
The next day our people refolved to blockade che
caftle : but Barriga being informed that Xerif was
fled from thence, mounted his horfe^ and ordered
his men to do the fame. They then endeavoured to
force the firft entrenchment which furrounded the
caftle, but thofe of the enemy left for its defence
made fo ftout a refitiance, that our people were fharne-
fully repulfed at two different efforts. But at the
third attempt the Portuguefe made fo vigorous an
aiTaulr, that they forced the rampart, and made great
flaughter amonft the enemy, who threw themfelves
headlong down the rocks ; many of them were clafhed
to pieces, and many being caught in the bullies, were
torn and mangled in a moft miferable manner* And
fo great was their fury and madnefs, that when they
faw they mud die (for they would not furrender)
they even drove their horfes down the rocks, that they
might not come into the hands of our people. About
two hundred of the enemy fell by the fword, one
thoufand were killed on che rocks, and four hundred
were made prifoners, and amongft thefe the uncle
cf Xerif. Our people got only about fifiy horfes, but
the booty in other refpeils was fo immenf^ that they
fpent three days in conveying it from the caftle to
their camp. This victory obtained by fuch a fmall
number, was a moll extraordinary inftance of the di-
vine favour-, nor did the Portuguefe forget to render
praife and thankfgivings to the fuprerne Being for his
extraordinary goodnef?;
Some days after, Baniga, by the aftiftance of Je-
habef)taf, took the caftleof Alga' all, in which was con-
fiderable booty. He likewife wrote a letter to Ataide,
advifmg him to attack the caftle of Algcl whither
Xerif had retreated. Ataide accordingly marched out
with his forces for this purpofe \ but when he came
Vol. II. N wirhia
I yS The History of Book X.
within eight miles of the place, he marched back
again to the city, though his motive for fo doing
is unknown. Xerif had abandoned the cadle ; bat
when he heard that Ataide was retreated, he returned.
Barriga, by the orders of Ataide, went to attack a large
cave fituated amongft a mukitude of hidden rocks and
precipices, where a confiderable nuiT;ber of the enemy
had taken (heher: but he v*as repulfed with lofs, fe-
veral of his men being killed, and feveral driven
down die precipices.
In the mean time, Barriga being invited by the con-
federate Moors, refolved to make an attempt on the
caftle of Algel. But on his march he was alarmed by
a confuied noife, and at lail he faw feveral people fly-
ing towards him : Thefe were the confederate Moors,
who had been beat by the enemy, Barriga having
rallied them, advanced towards the enemy, and foon
drove them to flight. He purfued them above twelve
miles. He was but a little way from the caftle, when
feveral of his men, negleding his orders and authority,
lea^ving their ranks, made an affault on the enemy,
who flocking together from all quarters, quickly fur-
rounded them. Barriga advanced to tiieir fuccour.
and there enfued a mofl defperare rencounter. Six-
teen of the Portuguefe, and a much greater number
of their allies, were killed on the fpot. Barriga had
his horfe killed under him, and he himfclf being
wounded, fell into the h;nds of the enemy: howe-
ver, by the affiflance of his men, or rather by the di-
vine aflifxance, he efcaped on one of the horfes of the
vidorious enemy : anei having with great difficulty
drawn ofl^ his men, he retreated to the camp.
Next day, though ill of his wounds, he refolved
to march towards the caftle. In his way thither he
made confiderablr plunder; he encamped at fome di-
ftance from the caftle, where he was obliged to re-
main three days for tne cure of his wounds. Whilft
he lay here, a party of the enemy attempted to
^furprize the camp, but meeting with a warm recep-
tion.
Book X. the P O R t U G U E S E, &c. 179
tion, they were obliged ro fave them (elves by a
hafty flight. Barriga did not think it fafe to purius
them any great diilance, for fear of fome ambuf-
Gade. The next day he decamped and piiched his
t^nts fo near the caftle, that they were only parted
by a httle hil!, and a fmall river. The following day
there was a fevere battle -, but the Moors who accom-
panied Barriga having obferved at a diftance the
prince of the mountains, who came to fuccour the
caftle, they were filled with the utmoft panic, and
fled in the greateft confternation; fo that now the
Fortuguefe were left alone. Barriga met the enemy
in a narrow pafs, and withftood their fhock with great
refolution. Mod of the Moors who fled perifhed
with cold, it being then winter, and the feafon very
fevere, and they had no tents to fhelter them from the
inclemency of the weather. They were a people on -
able to endure cold : and be fides had been greatly
wafted by famine and fatigue: above five hundred of
them died that night. Thus they, who in order to fave
rhemfelves, had balely deferted the camp, wlrere they
might have b^^en preferved, run headlong into a death
at once miferable and niamfful. Barriga marched off
next day, with his men in good order-, and though
he was attacked by the enemy, in fcveral places^ yet
he always repulfed them with extraordinary courage.
He brought his men Me into the city, with the lofs
only of a few who had quitted their ranks.
In the mean time, Ataide being flill fully bent on
his exp^^dition again ft Morocco, lent Barriga, to in-
vite the Moorifh leaders to a (hare in this entcrprize.
Pedro Soufa, the governor of Azamor, was likewife
invited, who being a man of great gallantry, and
immoderately. fond of glory, was very ready to em-
bark in the undertaking. The place of rendezvous
being fixed upon, Soufa came there- with two hundred,
and Ataide with three hunded cavalry. The gover-
nours of Dabida and Garabia came likewife wiih a
conliderable body, che former having fix hundred,
N 2 and
1 So The History of Book X,
and the other one thoufand horfe. The comman-
dant of Xerque brought aUb eight hundred cavahy..
The army being united began their march on the 2 2d
day of April 1515. They proceeded on their march with
great regulariiy, nor did they pitch their camp in
any place, before they had examined it very care-
fully. Ihe countiy through which they marched,
was in many pbtCcs vtry fertile, well cultivated, and
watered by fir;e rivers; fo that it afforded a profpedl
moil delightful to the fight. When they camebefore the
city, a council of war was held, when they refolved to
begin the attack on the Fezeniian gate. But they had
brought with them no cannon, nor any warlike en-
gines proper to ftorm fo large and populous a city :
nor did they feem to have marched lor any other pur-
pofe, but that they might afterwards boaft that they
had advanced to the gates of Morocco, without any
moicilatior, thinking by this means, I fuppofe, to
inrimiidate the enemy, and to fhew the Portuguefe
with what facility they might make a conqueft of the
whole country. The enem.y were indeed filled with
coniternation; for they imagined that a much more
formidable army was approaching. Ataide command-
ed the center : the people of Xerque and Dabicla
form.ed the left wing, and thofe of Garabia com-
pofed the right. Soufa divided his men into two
lines.
The Moors were the firil who begun the attack.
The enemy fallied forth at the gate of Fez; they
excelling in numbers, and our people in military
fl<;ill and courage: the former, however, being fo
numerous and their men when tired, being relieved
by others who were frefli, our people were prelTed fo
hard, that they maintained the confiidwith the great-
eft difficulty. Ciciemaimam wasdelpcrately wounded,
Lopez Barriga rufhing on againft the enemy too pre-
cipitately, was thrown off his horfe, and would cer-
tainly have been killed, had it not been for the timely
alTiftance of Pedro Barriga: feveral were killed on
both
BookX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. iSi
both fides: the battle continued for four hours, and
the victory remaint-d doubtfuL Rut Ataide and Soufa
perceiving that the enemy poured in upon th.em fucli
numbers of frefh troops, begun to think it impoifible
with fo few men, and thefe weakened wiJi fatigue,
any longer to withiland fuch a mulritude, fighting
with the urmoft bravery for their own ground, for
their hberty and property, and all that was dear to
them. : they therefore refolved to withdraw their men,
and accordingly began to retreat in a regular man-
ner, towards the river which ran through the city.
In this retreat they were feveral times fct upon by
the enemy, who were as often repulfed. At lad the
whole army got to the river, the ford of which was
fo narrow, that not above two or three could pafs
over at once. The enemy in the mean while, renewed
their attack, and prefixed on with great fury. And
if our people, at this dangerous jundlure, had not pre-
ferved their order, with the utmofl carefulnefs, they
had certainly fuffercd confiderable havock. Soufa
having crcficd over with the van-guard, drew them
lip on the oppofite bank, and prcte6led thofe who
were fording the river, whild, at the fame time, Ataide
remaining with the rear on the other fide, withtlood
the enemy, and covered his men in their retreat. In
this manner the whole army were fafely conveyed
over the river: many of the Portuguefe were wound-
ed, but not one killed. About twelve of the con-
federate Moors w^ere fiain in this adlion : many of
them, in order to give the Portuguefe a proof of their
courage, had run precipitately on the enemy's fpears.
When our people had got about two miles from the
river, the enemy being moved withjndignation, that
fuch a fmall nutnber of men fliould have dared to
attack fo opulent a city, the feat of their empire, re-
folved, by fome fignal exploit, to wipe of this affront :
they accordingly paiTed the river, which they could
not effete, whilft our people were drawn up on the
bank, and purfucd the Portuguefe army. The Moors,
N 3 with
J 82 The History of Book X.
with fome of our troops, after a flicrt conteft, routed
and drove them to fligl^t, and killed feveral of thcm^
amongvl: thtfe wa^ an officer of Fez, who that day
had greatly fignaiized himfelf by his .gall-ant behavi-
our. Our men continued their march very gently,
and quartered at feveral of the Moorifh towns and
villages,' where they were entertained with great kind-
Dtis and liberality, and congratulated on their fafe
return, as if they had gained a compleat viclory. This
expedition, though not conduded with prudence, yet
was cerrainly carried on with vaft intrepidity.
The mountain Farrob is about twenty miles fronri
Arzila : it is high and lofty, and in many places
firongly fortified by nature-, the fummit is covered
with a beautiful verdure, and adorned with many
trees and fnady groves. On the declivity of that part
of the m.ouniain which looks towards Arzila, ther^e
is a largv- village called Aliubilia : from this place the
enemy made frequent incurfions on the lands adjoin-
ing to Arzili, where they made great depredations,
and carried off confiderable booty, with many cap-
tives.. John Coutign was defirous o deflroy this place ;
but not iiaving a (ufficient force, fcrnt to Diiarte Me-
nez, governor of Tangier, for a fupply of men:
Meruz inimediately came and joined him with a
reinforcement. By day-break they came to the bottom
of the mountain. The enemy having obferved them,
were not in the lealf alarmed, but marched down the
hill very undauntedly. Menez and Coutign having
come forth from the places where they lay concealed,
with their joint forces attacked the enemy, who giv-
ing way, re:ired up the hill. The enemy relying on
theii numbers, and the flrength of their fituarion, had
at firfl defpifed our people. But the Portuguefe, con-
tinuing the purfuir, drove them within the entrench-
ments of their village, and having obliged them to fly
out at the oppofite gate, they plundered and deflroy ed
the town. They tien traveried the mountain, burn-
ing and deltroying their mofqucs, and all their pub-
lic
Book IX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 183
lie as well as privue buildings. Having been thus
fuccefsful, they rcturnfd to Arzila.
About this tim^, Emmanuel being refolved to har-
rafs the Moors as much as poflible, was defirous to
build as many forts as he could on the coft of Africa,
that he might by this means keep the neighbouring
enemies in awe, and with the greater facility make
invafions on the kingdom of Fez. He accordingly
confulted with thofe acquainted with the country, which
was the mod proper place where a foitrefs might be
erected. They affirmed that the river Mamora, which
eiTipcies ifelf into theAtlantic ocean about one hundred
miles from Arzila, was very convenient far that pur-
pofe, being very broad and deep, and a mountain
itcod near tiie mouth of it, the fummit of which
was a noble fituation for a fort, v;hich might be ea-
fily fupplicd with provifions, and warlike ftores •, for
the river being of a proper depth, it formed a confide-
rable haven, where the largeRfhips might ride at anchor
with great fafety : befides, thty faid it was extremely
convenient for war, being not a great many miles
difrant from Ftz. The king accordingly fent people
to examine and found th's river -, thefe perfons at
their return, confirmed what had been faid concerning
its depth and the convenient fituation of the mountain.
Emmanuel then fitted out two hunded fail of fhips.
There were aboard eight thoufind foldiers, befides
workmen and failors. He gave the command of this
fiect to Antonio Norogna, and in cafe this gentleman
fiiOuld meet wi[h any unhappy fate, Nuntz Mafcaregna
was appointed to be his fuccefi^or. Many noblemen
embarked in this fleet, but moil of them v/ere ener-
vated with luxury and lalcivioufnefs^, puffed up with
the arrogance of nobility, and unable to endure the
fatigues of war. Tlie bulk of the army tooconfifled
of raw and unexperienced youths. The fleet fct fail
on the 13th of June.
On the 23d of the fame m.onth they came to the
mojthofthc river: but when they had failed up to
N d. tlic
1 84 The History of Book X.
the place where the fort was to be erc6lcd, upon a
nearer infpeftion they did not think it fo convenient
for the purpofe as had been imagined. After fome
deliberation, Norhogna pitched on a place nearer the
mouth of the river, where the fhips could come up, and
provifions be conveyed with greater facility. There
were likewife near this fpot, feveral fprings of frefh wa-
ter, which was a great advantage; for they could not
always be fupplied by (he river, by reafon of the tide
coming up with its fait water. They accordingly re-
folved to build the fort in this place, which, according
to the opinion of all th^ -fFicers, was allowed to be the
mofc commodious fituation. They firft threw up a
ditch ten feet in depth, and fifteen in breadth -, fo that
by this means, when the tide flovv-ed, they could let in,
or keep out the water as they thought proper. Their
forces were like wife drawn up to defend the place,
and cheir camp was difpofed in luch a manner, that
they could eafily withlfand any attack of the enemy.
1 his place, however, had one great difadvantage-,
for it lay under the fummit of a mountain, the paf-
fage to wnich was by fo long a circuit, that it was too
far dilxant from the river for our people to take pof-
fcfilon of. It was likewife furrounded by feveral other
rihng grounds, from whence the enemy could eafily
ar^noy our people with Hones, darts,, and all manner
of miiTive weapons. Add to this too, that the river
in winter (as they were informed, and convinced of
by the great quantity of fiime and mud lying on the
ground) uird to be fwelled in fuch a manner by the
fiof)ds, as to overflow thofe parts where the fort was to
be built. The enemy having been apprized of the arrival
ot thr^ Portuguefe, marched quickly and took polfef-
fion of the eminences, where having fortified them-
feives and planted their batteries, they began to ply our
people in a moil furious manner. King Mequineze
had brought with him ihree thoufand horfe and thirty
thouland foot. The king of Fez was likewife on his
march at the head of one hundred thoufand men. Mean
while
BookX. the PORTUGUESE, ^zc. i?5
while the Portuguefe had feveral defptrate rencounters
with the enemy : but the latter having greatly the ad-
vantage in fituation, as well as numbers, always came
off vicloriou^. In one engagement there wcie one
thoufand two hundred Portuguefe left dead on the
fpot. Tlie fhips, however, having a free padage,
brought frequent reinforcements to our people, and
pbycd their cannon on the enemy's camp wih a good
deal of fuccefs. The enemy, in order to prevent the
entrance of the flVips, fixed on a (iation at the mouth
of the river, which they fortified wirh a dirch and ram-
parr, and ftrengrhened wi.h a ilrong garrifon of fol-
diers. From thence tht-y played their batteries wi[h
great fury, finking feveral vcffcls which entered the
river, and intimidating the reft from the like dange-
rous attempt. Norhogna endeav(Uired to render this
connivance ineiTedua], by the following expedient:
He made ch ice of one of his la/gcft and ItrongePc
fhips, which he made ftill ftronger t)y wooden beams
nailed acrofs : this being covered with facks of vvoal,
was placed as a bulwark oppofite to the enemy's ftation ;
ib thai now the lov/cr decked fliips could pafs and re-
pafs, without receiving any damage. The enemy how-
ever, continued to batter this fhip night and day, and
at laft tore her to pieces. Our people became then
qu'.te difpirited. , Their army was confiderably impair-
ed ; their provifions bv-^gan to fail, and not a day paf-
fed but fome of their m.en v/ere deftroyed by the ene-
my, fo that at this juncture, they were reduced to the
utmoft extremity.
In the mean while letters came from Emmanuel,
in anfwer to tliofe that Norhogna had wrote to his ma-
jefty concerning the prefent pofture of affairs. The
purport of which were, ' That if Norhogna and the
' reft cf the officers were of opinion, that the fort could
* not be maintained without great danger, that they
^ fhould immediarely abandon it, and embark the
* troops for Portugal, before they received any further
' damage.*
3 86 The History of Book X.
* damage.' But the embarkation could not be
effefled with fo much fecrecy as was neceflary, the
enemy having become acquainted with oui; people's de-
fign, renewed their attack with redoubled vigour. T\\'o
of the Portugufe hnes were polled on a rifing ground,
to withfland the fliock. One of thele was commanded
by Roderigo Melos, and the other by Chriftophcr Lei-
tan, a man of vaft intrepidity, and who had had great
experience in warHke afiairs. The hne commanded by
Melos being prefTcd very hard, ran down the preci-
pices in the utmoft diforder, and great numbers were
flaughtercd by the enemy. Leitan, however, preferved
the order of his men, ard having marched down by
the winding of the mountain, at lall reached ihe river
fide. But the Porcugucfe camp v/as now in fuch dif-
tradion, and the men feized with fuch a panic,
that the utmoH: entreaties and menaces of the officers
could not reflrain dieir flight. Many of them afraid
of dying an honourable death, run headlong into the
rivt-r, where they periflied in a wretched and igno-
minious manner, being flilled in the water and mud.
There was the like trepidation amongll the failors, by
whole mifconducb the Hiips ran foul of each other,
one hund:cd were ftranded on the banks, and the men
leit alhore at the mercy of a cruel enemy. There
were feveral of the Portuguefe, however this day per-
formed great exploits. Amongrt thefe, Bernardo
Emmanuel particularly didinguiChed himfelf. He
often rallied his men, and withdood the enemy with
fo " much courage, that he killed not a few of them,
and had it not been owing to his behaviour, the lo(s
fuilained that day, though great, would have been
much greater. Our people with vaft difficulty were at
lad embarked, and got clear out of the river, notwith-
{landing the enemy's Nation. The enemy that day
flew four thoufand of the Porruguefe, took fevcral
prifoners, and got pofTeffion of the fort, with ail ti^e
cannon and ammunition. The news of this terrible
diialkr not a little affl^cled Emmanuel : how^ever, he
bcre
BookX. the PORTUGUESE, Sjc. 1S7
bore it with a truly chriftian refignation. For he was
a prince who never allowed himlclf to be intoxicated
by profperity, nor too much deje6lcd by adverfe for-
tune. Yet it is certain, that in his time, the Portu-
gufe never received a g'-eater lofs, nor a more (liame-
ful defeat, which, in my opinion, many who were pre-
lent at the affair, p-jt up with more tamely than was
confiifcnt with honour and nobility : for they never
after endeav.ured to wipe off the ignominy, by any
fignai expioit.
It is the misfortune of princes to be often furround-
ed with a number of perfons, who delight in envy
and detraction, thus it liappened that Emmanuel had
ibme prejudices infiilled into him againR" his viceroy
in India. Albuquerque had at this time brought all
the Indian coalf, from the river Indus to cape Co-
morin, under the Fortugue power. He alfo added
Malacca, and had conquered Ormus, where he fettled
every thing on a firm footing. InHiortby his prudence
and bravery he had fpread the name of Emmanuel
far and near: nor could the Indian nations help think-
ing, that the king who had a general of fuch extraor-
dinary abiHties, muff himfelf be fomewhat of a divi-
nity. Emmanuel of himfelf was very well difpofed
towards Albuquerque, yet by the malicious infinuati-
ons of a certain f.t of envious detradors, he at lad
began to harbour fome fufpicions againfl: this great man.
Thefe perfons inctlTantly buzzed in the king's ears,
that Albuquerque was a rafli hot headed man, and of
the mod intolerable ambition, nay, they even accu-
fed him of treacherous defigns ; for they faid he aimed
at fovereignty, and to make himfelf lord of all India :
that by the number of his relations and dependants,
and the fame he had acquired amongft the Indian prin«
ceSj his wealth and power was already much greater
than that of any fubjedl ought to be; for, whiUl -a
man's income is moderate, he can brook a higher
authority, but when he arrives at an extraordinary
pitch of wealth and power, he then cannot endure tlie
• thoughts
i88 The History of Book X.
tho:ghts of a fuperior, and the laws of his country
fcern to i:im a reftraint. Moreover, added they, if
Albuquerque, who has no lefs policy than ambition,
fliouid bring Zabaim Idalcam into his meafures -, if
h fhould alfo make an alliance with the king of
>^^ar(]nga, and the reft of the Indian princes, could
he not then carry his defigns into execution with
grf-at facility ? he would at leaft bring it about, that
the name vi' Emmanuel fhall be defpifed, while that
of Albuquerque will be dreaded and eileemed through-
out all India.
Suck infjnuations as thefe were propagated at the
Portugucfe court, with the utm.oH: indufiry : Albu-
querque, though he had heard that his charadler was
often attacked, yet relying upon his innocence,
took no pains to refute thcf.^ calumnies. Befides his
a6lions and behavour in India had been fuch, that he
thought thefe alone would be fufncient to fhew his
intrepidity, and to blunt the darts of envy. But as
his accufers had no one to oppofe them at court, they
at laft fuccecded fo far, that ^he king, though he re-
tained a high opmion of Albuquerque's abili'.ies, yet
v^as prevailed on to recall him from India, and he fent
Lopez Su^rio Alvarenga to be his fuccelTor. With
him Emimanuel fcrnt Matth.w, cmbaiTador from David
the /Ethiopian emxpcror, together with another cm-
baffidor 10 that prince. The perfon employed in this
embafTy was Duarte Galuan, a nobleman of high
worth and approved .fidelity. Alvarenga, with a
fleet of thirteen fnips, and one tl^oufand five hundred
men aboard, failed from Lilbon on the yih of
April ; he arrived at Goa on the 2d of September,
and after having fettled fome affairs there, (letred for
Cochin, in order to get ready the Reet for For ugal.
About this time, Emm.anuel had a fon born, to
whom he gave the name of Duarce. As he advanced
in years he difco veered a moft mild and humane dif-
pofition. He v/as a great lover of mufick, and took
vail pleafure in luiiiting. This prince, howevc^r, die4
very
BookX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 1^9
very young: had he lived longer^ he would certainly
have been a great ornament and advantnge lo the
Portuguere nation; for he had givtn the moft taily
marks of a great and benevolent foul.
This year was made further remarkable by the
melancholy fate of Abedalia king of Campar, who
as we mentioned above, had been made bendar of
Malacca. The king of Bantam his father-in-law,
had been a long time defirous to cut him off by the
fword or poifon-, but as Abedalia was a man fo uni-
verfa'ly beloved for his juftice and humanity, he could
find no one who would undertake to perpetrate rhis
wickednefs: he therefore had recourfe to a mod art-
ful Ibatagem to accomplifh his purpofe. He ordered
Ibme of his people to go out on a cruize, and if pof-
fible, to take fome of the Malacca fhips, and bring them
into the harbour of Bantam. They accordingly ex-
ecuted their commilTion wirh great expedition : but
when the captives were brought before him, the king,
with the utmoO: diHimulation, turning to thofe who
had obeyed his orders, reproached them in the harflielt
terms for their behaviour. ' Do not you know' laid
he, ' that 1 am the lawful king of Malacca, and that
* thefe men whom you have taken prilbners, are my
' fubjeds, whom I love as my own chddren ?. 1 hope*
continued he ' that Abedalia, my beloved fon, will,
* according to his promife, in a fliort time bring that
' kingdom under my power': then I (hall lliew the
* people there what a wide difference there is betwixt
' my mild government, and the Poriugucfe tyranny,
* for I will treat thein with humanity, and in a'l ref-
' peds, behave to them with theafteclion of a tender
' parent.' After he had fpoke thele words, he enter-
tained the prifoners in the kindeft manner, and, in
their prefirnce, declared to his officers, if for the future
they offered any hoftility to the citizens of Malacca,
that he would punifh them in the Icverell: manner.
He then ordered the fnips and goods to be refiored,
2 and
190 The History of Book X,
and diCiiifled the men with many confiderable pre-
fcnts.
Thefe perfon?, at their return to Malacca, told the
affair to their particular friends; and at iaft it became
the general tallc, that Abedalla was in the intereft of
the king of Bantam. Bartholomew Fereitrello, collec-
tor of Emnianuel's revenues, had at this time come
from Hither India to Malacca, for a few days. He
was extremely intimate, and ufed to be often in com-
pany with Ninachet's Tons : thefe men being defi-
rous to revenge their fathci's death, confirm-jd the
common report to Pereftrello; and afiiired him they
knew by letter?, as well as other proofs, that Abedalla
was engaged in a fecret compad with the king of
Bantam; and that he had a defign of betraying the
ci:ty of Malacca to that prince. Pereftrello imme-
diately informed George Albuquerque of what he had
heard, and advifed him, without delay, to put to
death the traitor, before he had time to bring his vil-
lanous fcheme into execution. Ninachet's fons being
fenc for, confirmed every thing, with the urmoft af-
fiirance. Albuquerque, though he was a man of pro-
bity, yet at this jundrurc, he (hewed a great deficiency
in underiianding, in not being more cautious how he
gave credit to enemies in an affair of fuch importance :
and either from real fear, or covetous, perhaps of the
glory of cutting off fo great a man, he went about it
with great expedition : he fent therefore for Abedalla,
accufed him of the treachery, and produced all the
evidence he had againft him. Pereflrello fupport-
ed the charge with great violence and rancour. Abe-
dalla implored the protedion of Albuquerque, ear-
neftly entreating him that he would not fuffer an
innocent man, who had been fuch a friend to the
Portuguefe, and fo zealous in the fervice of Em-
manuel, to fall a facrifice to the malice and cru-
elty of his enemies. Pie demanded a proper time, that
he might be able to vindicate his own integrity, and
to bring to light the dark contrivances and malicious
4 plots
Book X. the PORTUG UESE, &c. 191
plots of his enemies. Moreover, he cautioned Albu-
querque to beware, left, by the murder of an innocent
man, he might bring an everlalVmg odium a. id af^
perfion on the Portuguefe Name. ' Is this' faid he,
' to be the requital for all my fervices to the Portu-
' guefe, to fall a vidlim to the cruelty and artifice of
' a biOod-thirfty prince ? and Ihall thofe, by whom
* I am hated, on account of my zeal for Enimanue!,
* have the pleafure of rejoicing at my de(lru6lion .?
* for what can be more agreeable to the king of Bantam
* than that I, whom he has unfuccelsfuliy endeavoured
* todelfroy by various methods, fhould fall by the hands
' of the Portuguefe, to whofe protedlion I have fled,
* and for whofe fake I have abandoned my own king-
* dom ? will it not, I fay, hiighly delight my im-
' placable enemy, when he fees you bt'come the in-
* ftruments of his revenge? the fped*acle to him will
' be doubly grateful: it will at oncefatiate his cruelty,
, and make the Portuguefe name odious and detefta-
' ble. For what will thofe people fay, who beheld
' me led in triumph from my kingdom, that 1 might
' be loaded with honours and protected from my ene-
mies, when they behold me at once dripped of all
my dignities, and like a malefacior dragged to an
ignominious death, purely for my attachment to
Emmanuel and to the Portuguefe? I therefore conjure
you, by the moft facred ties of friendfhip, humanity,
and religion, and by thofe virtues which yc^u yourfelf
profefs, that you would allow me time for my de-
fence : If after that 1 fhall appear guilty, I fhall con-
fider no punifhment as too fevere; defiroy me by
' the moft cruel tortures, as a wretch unworthy oflife,'
But all the entreaties of Abedalla-had no effe6t on
Albuquerque, who though at other times a man of
great lenity, yet at this jun6lure appeared to be en-
tirely diverted of humanity. This innocent prince, in
his royal robes, was immediately hurried away to the
market-place, where he'was publickly beheaded, to the
great farrow and lamentation of all the fpedtators who
beheld
192 The History of Bock X,
beheld this tragical fcene. As he went along to the
place of execution, he held up his hands to heaven,
and invoked the divine vengeance on ihofe who had
been his talfe accufers. The death of this man gave
fuch general umbrage, th.it many of the merchants left
Malacca, and wherever they went, they infufed great
prejudices againll the Portuguefe -, faying they were a
nioiit perhdiious people, who put to deadi their very
bed fnend?^ v/ithout fo much as allowing them to
make their defence : that Ninachet and the king of
Campar were memorable indances of their perfidy and
ingratitude to thofe who have ferved them with the
ntmofl: zeal and fideliry, Thefe things hurt our people
ib much, that none of the merchants, as ufual, traded
to Malacca. By this means the revenues were not
only leffened, but the Portuguefe and (he reft of the
citizens in Malacca began to be forely afflicled with
famine. But George Botello being fent to the neigh-
bouring coafts with two fhips, by his good manage-
ment, and his interefl with the neigbouring princes,
he brought it about, that the merchants began again
to bring goods and provifions to Malacca.
VVhiHl Botello was einployed in this manner, the
king of Bantam lent a letter to the king of Siaca, ad-
T/ifing him to kill Botello : on this condition^, he pro-
mifed him his^daughter in marriage, with aconfiderable
dowry. The king of Siaca being allured by this pro-
mife, refolved to difpatch Botello, who was then his
gued. But it happened that one of the king's do-
medicks (who had formerly been taken prifoner by
Botello, and difmifled without ranfom) discovered the
plot, and by way of a gratedil requital, gave intelli-
gence tlicreof to his benetaflor. The king of Bantam,
left thii fcheme fhould mifgive, had likewife fitted out
twelve (hips, in order to inteicept Botello on his return
to Malacca. George Albuquerque being intornied of
this, knt nine fhips, under the command of Francifco,
as a convoy 10 Botello. The king of Bantam having
lectiVcd intelligence of this by his Ipies, difpatched
twenty
BookX ' rne PORTUGUESE, &c. 195
twenty foui Uiv»re. Thcfe, with the twelve ft^nt before,
accordingly met with Melos, with whom they had a
fevere engagement, Melos, however, having defeated
the enemy, took many of their men prifoncrs, and
after this fuccefs failed to Malacca.
This vidlory however was not purchafed without
blood. About thirty feven of the Portuguefe were
killed, befides a confiderable number of the Malacc.ms.
Botello, in like m inner, retur^ai fife to Malacca, bring-
ing with him a confiderable Ripply of provifions.
About this time, George Britto arrived at Malacca,
being fent hither by the orders of Emmanuel, to take
upon him the government of this place, in the room
of George Albuquerque.
Albuquerque the viceroy, after Hamed's death, had
fettled the flate of Ormus with great prudence. Tlis
juftice and mildnefs had gained him the affedion of
all the people, as well as the love of the king himfelf ;
by his means many fl-reign nations reforted to Ormus,
and commerce was greatly increafed at this place.
Several of the Perfian and Arabian princes fent depu-
ties with prefents, in order to make treatks of peace
with him : nay, there were fome princes who came
themfelves to Ormus, purely to fee a man of whom
they had heard fo much by fame.
In the mean v/hile a report preX^ailed, that the grand
fignior was fitting out a fleet, to fubdue Ormus. Al-
buquerque, though he did not much credit the report,
yet he made this a pretence to fend all the king's
troops from the city, left, as he faid, they might re-
volt ; on the fame pretext he drew all the king's ar-
tillery and ammunition out of the city, faying he had
occafion for them to ftrengthen the^fort, which was the
bulwark and defence of the citv. But whilft Albu-
querque was thus employed, he fell inro a Imgring
diftemper, the efFefl of years, or of too much fa-
tigue, which every day grew worfe and worfe. As
he now thought death Vv^as approaching, he entruiled
the governiiient of the fort to Pedro Albuquerque, a
Vol. II. O sen dc man
194 The History of Book X«
gentleman of approved bravery and conduft, beloved
by the citizens, and efleemed by the king himfelf:
him he exhorted ih the mod earneft manner, that
he would difcharge histruft with juftice, fidelity, and
vigilance. He had fettled the ttate of Ormus, and
of India in general, in fo firm a manner, that the
Portuguefe power could not be (haken without the
utmoft difficulty. He now made his will -, nor did
he omit any Chridian duty that was neceflary for
the peace and welfare of his immortal foul. He had
a {Irong defire of ending his days in India, and was
particularly defirous of feeing Goa before he died.
He therefore fent Pedro Alpoe to pay his refpeds to
the king, and to inform him of his intention, and to
alTure him that, whilft he lived, he would behave to
him as a tender parent. He, at the fame time, re-
commended to his majefty Pedro Albuquerque, whom
he had confiituted governor of the fort and city.
He faid, however, that if it was God's pleafure, that he
jfhould recover from his prefent illnefs, he would
then teturn to Ormus, and live on the fame friendly
footing with his majefty as forrnerly. The king re-
ceived this meffage with tears in his eyes, and made
anfwer, that he had, and would always love Albuquer-
que with the afi^edicn of a fon -, and would do his
endeavour that no one fhould ever outflrip him in
Zealand affedlion for Emmanuel. However, he faid,
he hoped that the viceroy would recover, and that he
fliould have the pleafure of feeing him again at Ormus.
Albuquerque, having thus payed his compliments to
the king, that he might avoid any further ceremony,
(for he had an averfion to fuch formalities) imme-
diately went aboard, and ordered the fliip to fail.
When he had got about four miles from the city,
he lay at anchor for the reft of the fleet, which came
up with him about two days afterwards. At the
fame time there came a veflel from the king of Ormus,
with fruits and provifion?, and other valuable prefents.
Albuquerque received them with the utmoft civility,
and
Book X. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 195
and exprefled himfelf in the mod grateful manner
for his majefty's kindnefs. He then dilmiired the men
with many prefents.
As Albuquerque lluled along the coaft of India,
a little vefTel made towards his fhip. Aboard of this
there was a mefTenger with letters to him from Dlo,
wrote by Cide Allt^s, and Ifmael's embailidor. By
thefe he was advifed, ' that Soarez Alvarenga was
* fent by Emmanuel to be his fuccelTor, and, he him-
* felf ordered to return to Portugal. This they
* thought was mod fcandalous treatment; and at the
* fame time, afiTured him, that their royal mailers
* were ready to give him all the aOiftance in th^ir pow-
* er to prevent fuch an indignity.' Albuquerque re-
turned them thanks, but diic'ained tht^ir offer. He
was, however, not a little affcded with the news-, for
he faw plainly, that his difgrace was brought about
by the malice and detradlion of his enemies: nor coild he
contain himfelf, but lifting up his hands, ' O Heavens,
faid he, * How can I extricate myfelf from the dif-
* ficulties which furround me ^ If I obey my king, I
* incur the odium and contempt of mankind : and
* if I ftudy to pleafe men, then I fall under the dif-
* pleafure of my royal mafier. To thy grave, old rr.an,
* to thy grave.' ThcTe lafl: words he repeated often,
which ihewed the agony and diforder in his breaft;
However, afterwards when his mind came to be
more compofed, he expreded himflf in the follow-
ing manner: ' I am verily perfuadeJ, fiid he,
* that the king has a divine foreknowledge in many
* things, otherwifc he could not have afled in the
' prefent affair with fo much forcfight. i am noW
* v/earing towards death ; and if he had not at this
* time appointed miy fucceiTor, the affairs in India
* might have been greatly endangered.' Afcer he had
fpoke thefe words, his mind feem^-l to be at eafe, rut
did he fliew the lead mark of dilTaci.sfadion.
As he proceeded on his voyage, his iiineis daily en-
creafed. in the mean while he wrote a fhoit letter
O 2 to
1 96 The History of Book 5^.
to Emmanuel, in thefc words: ' I now write you this
* lad letter, fetching my breath with difficulty, and
' with all the iymptcms of inevitable death upon me.
* I have an only Ton-, him I recommend to your ma-
* jefty, hoping that, in confideration of my fervices,
* you will take him under your royal protedion and
' favour. What I have done for your honour and
* interefl, the deeds themfelves will teftify.' After
he had wrote this letter, he laid afide all thoughts of
the affairs of this life, and gave himfelf entirely to
religious meditations, and preparations for a future
ftate. He ordered feveral pares of the holy fcripture
to be read to him, particularly that place in John,
Vv^here the fufferings of our Saviour are defcribed.
This was often read to him, and he feemed to hear
it with an uncommon degree of fatisfadion. When
he came on the coaft of Goa, he difpatched a mef-
fenger a(hore, to bring him a prieft from the city,
with whom he had frequently before joined in religi-
ous worfliip. This perfon accordingly came, and
the night was fpent in prayer and fupplication and
other Chriftian duties. Albuquerque expired before
break of day.
When the news of his death reached the city, not
only the Portuguefe, but alfo the Arabians, as well
as the Pagan nations, expreffed (he utmoft forrow and
Jamentation. He was a man of the mod extenfive
humanity ; nor is it eafy to tell, whether he was more
dreaded for his bravery, or beloved for his benevolent
difpofition. He always fliewed the flri6teft regard to
juftice, punifhing breach of faith in the mod exemi-
plary manner, and proteding every one from injury
and opprefTion. He was never married, but had a na-
tural fon : yet notwithftanding this, he was remarkable
for his continency. In toil and labour he Vv^as inde-
fatigable, infomuch that he was fometimes thought to
have carried things to an excefs with bis men in this
refped, yet it was not by threats or menaces, but by
his own example that he inciied them to undergo
hard (hi pS,
Book X. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 15^7
hardfhips. In defign and contrivance he difcovered
great fligacity, nor did he kfs excel in the quick ex-
ecution of what he had determined. He was a great
enemy to calumny and detradion •, lb that jn his pre-
fence no one dared to afperfe another man's reputa-
tion. He was a paffionate lover of truth, and never
failed to exprefs the utmofh deteftadon of falfehood and
diHimulation. He bore injuries with a true greatncfs
of foul. In his temper he was (bbjedl to pafTion, yet
An the height of it he would often check himfelf, and
by throwing out fome plcafant exprefiion, would take
off the fear of thofe who beheld his angry countenance,
and turn all into mirth and cheartulnefs. He was a
man not unacquainted with letters, and, at his lei-
ilire hou.'S, took vafl pleafurc in reading the facred
writings. It is not an eafy matter to fay, whether he
excell'd moft in the arts of war or peace. In the
former he behaved in fuch a manner, that he was
juftly reckoned an expert general, and, in fettling the
aitairs of India, he gave the ftrongeft proofs of his
policy and n<ill in the art of government. All the
people at Goa lamented his death as that of a tender
parent. His corpfe was brought afliore with the ut-
mofl: folemnity, and the funeral rites v/ere performed
with the greattft magnificence, amidft the cries and
lamentations of thofe who were prefent at the cere-
mony. All India was affe6led with the lofs of this
great man : many of the kings and princes expreffed
the deeped concern: Xuranda king ofOrmus could
not refrain from tears. He put on mourning, and
gave ail other demondrations of furrow and grief.
Emmanuel rob, when he received the news, could not
help ihewing the utmoft regrer, and immediately fenc
for his fon Bias Albuquerque, v/ho, in remembrance
of his father, he ordered to be called Alphonfo. And
by way of requital for the fervices done by his fa-
ther, he bellowed on him feveral dignitie?, and pro-
cured him a very honourable marriage.
O 3 Tha
tg% The History of Book X.!
The following year, Ferdinand khig of Spain was
fciz.^d wiih a violent fit of ficknefs, at the village of
Madrigal, near the city of Trogillio. As foon as Em-
manuel he^rd ot thi , he di; patched Roderigo Sala
Menezto enquire after his health. Ferdinand died on
th- C'^d of January 1516. His death was univerfally
lan^tntcd through all Spain. When his Portuguefe
majrdy receive* ^. notice of this prince's death, by Menez,
he fent ietteis to his queen Germania, to Ferdinand
Philip's (on, and grandfon of the Lite king, and to
fevei al of the Spanifh nobility, exprefiing the utmoft
concern and for row for the death of Ferdinand. He,
at the iijme tinn.e, gave Menez inftruftions about fet-
tling feveral auairs of importance ai the Spanifh court.
He next fent letters to Roderigo Ferdinand Almade,
a man of great merit, and at that time, agent for
bis maJLfty's affairs at Antwerp, advifing him from
time to time, to give him proper notice of the ftate
of affairs in the Netherlands as well as in Germany.
He fent likewifc an embaffador to the emperor Maxi-
milian, grandfather of Charles the fon of Philip, to
whom the kingdom of Spain fell by inheritance. Pedro
Correa was the perfon empioytd in this embafTy, the
purport of which was a propofal of marriage betwixt
Charles and Ifabel, Emmanuel's daughter; and an
alliance of the fame nature with Eleanor and his fon
John. Maximilian received the embaffador wath great
civiiitv, and feemed to read the letters with vaft fa-
tisfadion. Correa, however, not being able to ac-
compliih his bufinefs at that time, by the permifiion
of his royal mailer, returned to Portugal.
This year, pope Leo the tenth prefented Emma-
nuel's [on Alphonfo, with a cardinal's cap, and at the
fame time, ordered that Ifabel the wife of Dionifius,
king of Portugal, for her great piety and devoiion
fhould be canonized, and receive the fame honours
in Portugal as the other faints. He likewife granted
a privilege to the Portugu'e kings, that hencefortli
they alone, without the authority of the pope himftrlf,
ihould
Book IX, the PORTUGUESE, &c. 159
ihould have the liberty of conferring the comman-
deries of the Jacobin and Ciftertian orders on whom
they pleafed. Thefe favours were granted to Emma-
nuel, partly from the efteem which Leo had con-
ceived for him, and partly brought about by the good
condudl of Michael Sylvio, Emmanuel's embaflador
at Rome, who was in the higheft favour with his ho-
Jinefs :
But to return to the Indian affairs •, Lopez Suarez
Alvarenga had a difficult tafk on his hands ; for he
had fucceeded a man to whom he was greatly inferl-
our in point of capacity and abilities : however, he
was by no means rcmifs in the execution of his office.
He fent an embaflador to Coulam, to fettle articles of
peace and friendfliip with the queen, who managed the
fovereignty in place of her fon, not of age. The
articles were thcfe: ' That fne fhould, at her cofl, re-
* build and endow the church of St. Thomas, which
* had been deflroyed by the Arabians, at the time
* when Antony Sala was killed : That fhe fhould give
* the Portuguefe eight thcufand pound weight of fpices,
* as a fatisfadlion for the goods taken from them :
* That the Portuguefe fhips fhould receive their full
* lading, before any others ; and that they fhould have
* the goods at the current price.'
He took care to get ready the fleet bound for Por-
tugal. He continued the peace which had been made
by Albuquerque with the zamorin, and he fettled
the commotions which broke our at Cananor.
When he was on his return to Goa, a fudden florm
arofe, which obliged him to put in at Anchedive.
From thence he difpatched Alexo Menez with eight
fhips to cruize on the Arabian coaO:, and to wiffiLer
at Ormus. When the governor reached Goa, ac-
cording to Emmanuel's inflruClions, he held a coun-
cil, wherein it was debated, wherhcr it v^'ould be ex-
pedient for the Portuguefe intcreft to deftroy the city
of Goa, and abandon the idand ; for the enemies of
Albuquerque not only defamed him when alive, but
O 4 alfo
20O The History of Book X.
alfo had fuch a hatred to his memory , that they
wanted to aboliili his deeds, faying they were ufclefs
and unprofitable. For this reafon they laboured to undo
all that he had done at Goa. H jwcver, it was carried
in I he council that Goa fhould be kept up, and de-
fended bv a flrong garifon; which opinion was con-
firmed by that of Suarez himielf. The governor then
fet ful again for Cochin, in order to fit out a fleet
dellined for the red fea. He hkewife fent Ferdinand
Pedro Andrade to China.
Andrade accordingly fet fail with three fhips. In
bis v-ay thither, he put in at the port of Pacem in Su-
matra. Here he found Janim Rabelot, by whom he
fent norice of his arrival to the king, who received
him very kindly, and treated him with the higheft
marks of honour. A treaty of friendfliip was fettled
with this prince, and a place was alotted where the
Portuguefe were allowed to build a fort. Andrade
then failed for Malacca; from whence, after having
taken in a fupply of provifions, he kt out on his
voyage for China : but meeting with contrary winds,
he was diiven back to Malacca. At his return, he
found here Raphael Pereflrello lately come from China,
who gave him a particular account of the laws and
cull ms of the country, as well as of the genius and
diipohtions of the people.
George Britto, the governor of Malacca, at this
time fent Henry Lemos to Martaban, a port in the
kingdom of Pegu, to fetch a fupply of provifions.
Pegu is a large and extenfive kingdom in Farther India,
beyond the Ganges. Towards the fouth it runs as
far as Malacca ; and towards the eafb it is wafhed
by Ibme part of that fea which bounds the Chinefe
territories. Lemos in his way took a (hip from
Martaban. When he arrived at that port, the, Ara-
bians accufed him of piracy and injuftice; and the
king prepared a fleet in order to recover the fhip
by force. L-emos being accordingly attacked, fought
the enemy three days. He funk fcvcrai of their vef-
fels.
....X. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 201
Teis, and killed many of their men-, but was at Jaft
fhipwrecked. His fhip was old and crazy, and being
battered by the enemy's engines, fhe lee in the fea,
and fo perifhed. Lemos himfelf, with fixty of his men,
efcaped in the long boat and pinnace, and made
for Sumatra: but meeting with boilltrous weather,
they were branded on the coaft, at which time
twenty eight of the Portuguefe were fwaliowed up in
the waves. The reft, together with Lemos got afliore,
in the kingdom of Pedir, where they were received
by the king with the utmoft friendfhip and hu-
manity.
Alexo Menez m.et wiih the moft flormy wcaiher;
fo that he could do but little on the coaft of Arabia.
From thence he failed to Ormus, where he performed
the orders of Soarez with the utmoft carefulnefs, and
from thence, as foon as the feafon of the year would
p,rmit, returned to India.
Whilft thefe things were tranfaded in India, Em-
jnanuel was employing himfelf with great affiduiry
in propagating the Chridian religion : and as he un-
derftood that the truths of Chriftianity had already
made conficierable progrefs in the kingdom of Con^^o
in Ethiopia, he was defi rous this great v/ork fliould
be perfected. For this purpofe he fent feveral piiefts,
with books and other prefents to king Alphonfo, to
ftrengthen him in his faith, and to encourage the
people to a proper zeal for rehgion. At the time-
when thefe perfons arrived in Congo, the king him-
felf was then abfent, being engaged in a war v/uh
fome of his tributaries who had revolted. They
landed at Sonho, fituate on the river Zaire, where
they Vv'cre received by the king's dpmellicks widi the
greateft civility.
The king having ended the campaign fuccefbfully,
return-d, and he was not a little rejoiced to fee the
perfons who came from Portugal. He exprefted
himfelf in the moft grateful manner for the fcrvices
done by Emmauuel. Our priefts beftowed the higheft
en CO-
202 The History of Book X.
encomiums on Alphonfo. He was certainly a prince
of the moft excellent qualities He punifhed the
wicked with great feverity, and relieved the poor
and vjrtuous of his fubjeds with the utmoft gene-
rofity. He was indefatigable in fettling the affairs
of his kingdom. In his life and morals he was ir-
reproachable : and fo great was his piety and zeal for
religion, that he feemed to make every thing fub-
fervicnc to that purpofe. For in all his adminiftration,
whether in peace or war, he appeared always to have
a regard for the intereft of religion. He ordered
pub'ick fchools to be opened, and appointed able
mafters, with handfome lalaries, that they fhoiild not
only inftrud the youths in arts and fciences, but alfa
inftil into them the principles of piety and virtue.
He himfelf, at his Icifure hours, ufed to take great
pleafure in ftudy. He was well verfed in the fcriptures
of the old and new teftament, and acquired great
knowledge by his own reading, which he had like-
wife not a little improved by his converfation with
the prieils, to whom he always liftened with uncom-
mon attention and curiofity. He himfelf made fre-
quent difcourfes to his people, wherein he endeavoured
to infpire them with piety and love of religion. He
was a man of an excellent underftanding, and a
ilrong memory. He read over five books of the
Portugucfe laws, with great carefulnefs. He very much
admiied the wifdom of our conflitution, but feemed
to think that our laws, though good, were too mi-
nute, and fwelled to too great a multiplicity. He
therefore, in a jocular manner, ufed to afk the Por-
luguefe, what puniHiment the law had fixed on the
man who fhould throw a Icufe on the ground ? He
had conceived fo high an efteem for Emmanuel, that
he ufed to fay, he fhould never have any pleafure
in life •, till he had gone into Portugal, to throw him-
fel! at the ftet of his Portuguefe majelly, and to ac-
knowledge hh obligations ro that prince •, for that he
enjo3:cd the light of ChriHianiryi that he worfhippcd
the
BookX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. zo^
the true God, and afpired to immortal life ; all diis
he (aid he owed to the great and renowned Em-
naanuel.
This year Francis Vallois the French king, fent an
embaflador, \\ich letters to Emmanuel, inviting him
to enter into a league againft fome other Chriftian
princes. Emmanuel made anfwer, That he had the
greateft regard for his Gallick majefly, and would do
any ihing to oblige him that was not unbecoming
the duty of a Chiiftian prince; that as for his part,
he was refolved, if pofTible, to deftroy the Arabians,
thofe enemies of our religion : but that he would not
Itir up or promote wars among(t Chriftian powers ;
on the contrary, he would do all in his power to
unite them in harmony and concord.
About this fame time three noblemen of Sarmatia
arrived in Portugal, being defirous to fee the great
Emmanuel, whofe fame had fpread to diftant nations,
and had raifed univerfal admiration. For whilfb the
reft of the princes in chriftendom, forgetting the cha-
rader of their holy religion, were deilroying each o-
ther, and by their divifions adding ftrengrh to the
enemies of Chriftianity, Emmanuel was afling a
more noble part ; he could by no means be prevailed
on to have any fliare in the difTentions amongft the
Chriftian princes, but with great fpirit he was carrying
on war in Africa and India, againfl the enemies of
our holy religion. In his reign a paffage had been
difcovered to the moll diftant countries; India had
been conquered ; many of the eaftern nations had been
fubdued ; feveral formidable fleets of the Arabians,
PerHans and ^Egyptians had been overcome : in flic^t,
fcch fignal viclcries had been acquired, that the Di-
vine providence feemed to have interefted itfjlP in
favour of Emmanuel. The fame of thefe expioirs,
had filled many foreign princes with admiration, but
efpecially the king of Sarmacia, who with equd zeal
carried on war againfl the Turks, and the ocner ene-
mies of the Chrillian naiy;e. This n:ona:ch perluadid
4 thefe
204 The History of Book X,
thefe three youths to travel to Portugal, in order to fee
Emmanuelj and to defireof his majefty, that he would
with his own hands confer on them the order of knight-
hood : for they thought . they fhould always be victo-
rious in the field, after they had received fuch an ho-
nour from fo iiluftrious a prince. They obtained
their requeil; and after 'having received many valu-
able prtfents, they fet out again for their native coun-
try, wherever they travelled bellowing the highefr
encomiums on Emmanuel, for his many excellent qua-
lifications.
This year the king of Fez made frequent incurfions
on the lands near Arzila, and drove off confiderable
numbers of cattle; fo that the city was reduced to great
extremity for want of provifions. In order to reinedy
this calamity, Coutign refolved to; attack a very opu-
lent village near Alcazarquivir, the inhabitants of
which, by real^n of the di fiance of the place, dread-
eJ nothing' from him. He let out with two hundred
and fifty horfe, and having * marched all night, he
came upon the enemy unawares, before break of day.
He took about fifty five prifoncrs (die reft of the
enemy having fled) and carried off one thoufan oxen,
together with a confiderable number ofhorfes and
poultry : thefe he brought fafe to Arzila, though
with the greatefl: difficulty, the rivers being fwelled
to a great degree by the rains which had fallen that
night. The governor of Alcazar quivir followed our
people with three hundred horfe; but the excefiive
rains hindered them from coming to an a6lion,
Cout'gn had hardly paffed over a certain bridge, when
it was overflowed by the waters, which covered the ad-
jacent fields. The enemy marched back again, being
afraid leil if they had proceeded, they fhould not be
able to return. Courign made leveral excurfions af-
terwards on the neighbouring enemies, and laid wafte
their lands.
The king of Fez, irri:atcd by thefe hofiilitics, got
together a numerous army, with an i.ucntion to lay
fi- £LC
BookX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 205
fjege to Arzila. His army confilled of thirty thoufand
horfe, and ievcnty thoufand foot. With thcfe, toge-
ther with a train of artillery, and all manner of war-
like engines, he marched for Arzila. He threw up
a trench round the city, cre6led ftveral turrets and
having planted his cannon, he began to batter the
ciiy moft furiouQy. He likewife ordered the walls
to be undermined, being refolved, if polTible, to carry
the place, before the befiegcd could receive any af-
fiftance. Coutign, as foon as he received inte I'gence
of the enem.y's approach, had feni to Nunez Ribero,
agent for the Portuguefe affairs in Andalufia, then
rcfidingat Malaga, earnefily defiring him to fend him
all things necefTary for holding cut a ficge. He had
likevvife fent a letter to Emmanuel, advifmg him that
the king of Fez was fat down before Arzila; he had
diiinbuted his forces; he had affigned his officers their
proper ftati;.ns, and had placed the ftrongefc guards on
the weakeft parts of the city; he had encouraged his
men to make a gallant defence, and, in Oiorc, had
taken all effeclual meafures for the fecurity of Arzila.
Ribero, with great expedition, fent Coutign all nectf-
fary fupplies. John Mafcarcgn, maiier of the light
horfe. With his brother Nunez, failed to Arzila with
two fliips, aboard which were one hundred and twenty
horfe and fome foot foldi'ers. They had likewife two
other brothers, Emmanuel and Antonio Marfcaregn,
who were already at Arzila under Coutign. When
thefe gentlemen arrived, the fiege was ihen carried oa
with the greateft vigour. Nunez Ribero fent tvv'o
hundred men, under the condud of two noblemen,
who, for their eminent fervices had received great
honours from Emmanuel, to whofe interefl they were
warmly attached. There were likewife in this rein-
forcement feveral other perfons of diiVi nation, all
whom Coutign received with the utmoft refpe6f, and
affigned them fuch flat ions as were luitable to their
merit and quality. The belieged continued incefHintly
at work night and day, diging under ground, to coun-
termine
2c6 The History of Book X.
termine the enemy, repairing the breaches, and build-
ing up new walls within the old ones. FrancifcoDorea,
a Genoefe, coufin to Andrew Dorea, fo greatly cele-
brated for h^s fkill in maritime affairs, was the head
engineer, to whom was likewife joined Roderigo Soufa.
Thefe two men at this jundlure, gave fuch extraor-
dinary proofs of their dexterity and induftry, that
they were beheld and talked of with univerfal admira-
tion. The reft performed their duty to the utmofl:
of their abilities, encountering the moft horrid dan-
gers with amazing intrepidity. The enpmy gave
our people no manner of refpite ; for the king of
Fez had refolved, if he could not carry the place in a
few days, to raife the fiege, thinking it would be in
vain to fpend any longer time on the attempt. For
this reafon, he ftormed the city with the utmoft heat
and fury. Some threw arrows and miffive weapons, in
order to clear the forrifications of the defendants ; fome
plied the walls with the continual difcharge of their
cannon, whilft others were employed in fpringing
mines. They had likewife a continual fupply of frefli
men, to iucceed the weary and fatigued. Our people
were certainly reduced to the utmoil extremity; how-
ever, they (iill retained their fpirits, and made a mofl
glorious defence : nor could all the efforts of the ene-
my oblige any of them to delert their pofl ; for they
continued to oppofe the afTailanrs with the utmoft
courage, and many fell on both fides.
Things were in this fituation when Roderigo Barriga
came from Algarve with twelve (hips. His arrival
gave frefh courage to the befieged : they were now
refolved, thougii the walls fhould fall, to fight the ene-
my in the ruins, and to engage them in iht burrows
under ground. In this fleet was Garcia Melos, who
brought with him fix hundred brave men, as well as
feveral others of the Algarvan nobility, who, at their
own expence, levied men to affiii at this critical junc^
ture. There were likewife feveral mariners from the
coad of Algaive, excellent foldiers as well as faiior.s
Book X. the PORTUG UESE, &c. loj
who failed to the befieged city, where they behaved
V/ith great gallantry. About this time a Moor deferted
to the enemy, and inforOied them that the befie^ged,
had received a flrong reinforcement. The king of
Fez, being alarmed with this news, would inftantly
have raifed the fiege, but was difTuaded from it by
his brother king Mequineze. In the mean while Lo-
pez Secjueira, by Emmanuel's orders, arrived at
Arzila with thirty fail of (hips, the two kings then
with joint confcnt abandoned the enterprize and
marched off with their army. Coutign drewn
out all his cavalry, purfued the enemy, and coming
up with their rear, killed fome of them and took
fome prifoners.
At this time John GundifTalvo Cam.ara governour
of the Maderas complained of his hard treatment
from king Emmanuel. He was fo much offended,
that he left his government nocwithftanding his income
and poffcffions there were confiderable, and intended
to fix his refidence in fome place out of the Portu-
guefe dominions. He complained that the jorifdic-
lion of the Maderas, which he received as an inheri-
tance from his anceftours, had been taken from him,
or at leaft his privileges greatly diminifhed :. this, in
his opinion, feemed to be an indignity not to be
born. After his departure he was driven into Algarve
by ftrefs of weather. Having heard that Arzila was
befieged, he, at his own expence, levied feven hun-
dred foldiers, and failed for that place with the ut-
moft expedition. But before he arrived there, the
enemy had decamped, yet according to report, they
were to return with a more formidable armament.
The nobility then at Arzila, having ben at great ex-
pence, were now haftcning to return home, nor could
Goutign detain them. Camara offered the foldiers
double pay; affirming he would kerp them in the
city as long as Coutign ihoughc neceffary, nor would
he allow any one to be deficient in his duty to his
king and country.
This
2o8 The History of Book X.
This I thought not unworthy of a place in our hif-
tory, as a remarkable inflance of a Portuguefe noble-
man's iiilelity to his prince. As peevifn children are
apt to complain of their parents, fo the Portuguefe
nobility, when provoked by the flighted injury, are
apt to make bitter complaints of their princes, from
whom rhey derive their nobility, and by whom they
are fupported ; yet, notwithftanding they may be
piqued, their refentment generally fubfides when any
publick danger threatens : then they are ready to rifque
their lives and fortunes for the honour and intereft of
their prince. Camara, after having behaved with great
honour, retired to Sevi le •, but had not been long
there when he was recalled by Emmanuel, who wrote
him a very kind and friendly letter.
About this lime the Arabians of Olidemeta, near
the territories of Morocco, tribut Ties of Emmanuel,,
complained to Ataide, that the Arabians of Xerque laid
wafte their lands, and did them confiderable damage.
Ataide was obliged by articles of treaty to defend them
again ft any injury. Thofe of Xerque, againft whom
the complaint was made, were men of renown for their
fkill in vvar. They likewife had been tributary to Em-
manuel ; but having revolted, they encamped beyond
Morocco, from wh- nee thry ravaged the neighbouring
lands, and harraiTcd the Moors who remained faithful
to Emmanuel. Ataide difpatched fcouts to obferve
their motions and fituation : thefe, at their return,
brought intelligence, that they were encamped at the bot-
tom of the Clai ian mountains. Ataide accordingly fet
out on the 19th of May 15 16, with four hundred and
thirty horfe and a few fovot-, but hisdefign was kept fecret.
When he had marched about thirty miles he was joined
by the Moors of Dabida and Garabia, who brought
into the field four thoufand cavalry. He then pro-
ceeded to Alguz, an open champaign country, ex-
tremely fertile, and watered with a river of the fame
name : it lies adjoining to Morocco. Here Ataide
left the Arabian women, and all who were unfit to
4 . le r
BookX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 209
bear arms. As foon as it was dark he continued his
rr^.rch. In a few hours he reached the place where
Raho Benxamut, one of the mod renowned Arabian
generals, was encamped. He made fo fudden and un-
expected an attack on the enemy, that they were un-
able to (land on their defence : the flaughter was ter-
rible, Benxamut and a few more having pnly efcaped.
Ataide now i^i^t out on his return with a confiderable
booty : Lopez Barriga led the van, and Ataide himfelf
brought up the rear. When he had got about four
miles from Morocco he halted with his men in a very
pleafant place, to reft them after their fatigue ; for the
weather was intolerably hot and fcorching. Whilffc
our people lay here, Benxamut rode almoft up to the
camp with a party of horfe : then calling aloud to the
Arabians who were in the Portuguele army, and men-
tioning them by their names, he bid them feize the
prefent glorious opportunity. ' If, faid he, you kill
* thefe Ch'^iftians, you will perform a moft grateful
* fervice to our prophet, and at the lame time refcue
' your country from a ftate of fubjedion. By the
* blood of thefe Portuguefe you will attone for your
' apoftacy, and your names will become for ever illuf-
' trious by fo great a deed. Come, brethren, come,
' fellow foldicrs, to-morrow we fhall recover Saffia,
* the next day we fhall retake Azamor ; and when the
' Portuguefe are roored out of Africa, then lliall we
' be raifed from obfcuri ty, and our fame grow im-
' mortal.* After he had fpoke thefe word.% our peo-
ple marched out in the order in which they had been
drawn up. The conftrderates made no anfwer to him,
but advanced with their booty to the firli line, in order
to be the farther from danger. An^ongft the captives
taken by the Portuguefe there was Hota, the wife of
Raho Benxamut, a woman of the moft extraordin.iry
beauty, whom he loved to diflradion. She called on
her hufband by name, who accordingly ftopped ; and
having obtained liberty to have a confer.T.ce witii h m,
*■ O Raho, faid (lie, how often have you told me you
Vol. 11, P ' would
2 1 o The History of Book X.
* would facrifice your life, rather than fee me led a
' captive? Yet now behold me in that condition, and
* tamely fuffer it. Where now is your former love ?
' Where is your plighied faith? Where now is your
' boafted courage ? ' To this he anfwered, * The day
' is not yet ended : victory is at the difpofal of the
^ fupreme Being, and there is courage in my right
* hand.' But Hota taking fome duft, threw it up in
the air: ' This, fiid fhe, is a true emblem of your
' words. Go^ ungrateful man, enjoy the-woman who
* is the object of your affedlion •, for I find I am not
* fhe. In the mean while, I will for ever complain of
* your perfidy and cowardice, two of the moft in-
' famous qualities with which a man can be reproached.'
Benxamut pulled off his fho?, and threw it to her :
this, according to iht cullom. of that nation, was given
as a moll facred pledge, that he would fulfil his pro-
mife with the flridteti fidelity. Then, turning to his
men, he endeavoured to raife their pity by tears and
exprefiions of the deeped forrow. ' Jf, laid he, ye
' ever felt the pain of love, now pity me, and lend
' your afiiRance to heal the wound which torments my
' bread. If you ever had love of honour, and a con-
* tempt of death, I now claim your aid to defend me
* from infamy and difgrace. If you ever had any re-
* gard for my life, I now intrt-at you to fave mc from
* impending deilrudion ; for whild 1 behold this wo-
* mm in captivity, 1 cannot long enjoy life in fo much
' grief and fhame. Confider too, continued he, how
' agiecable it will be to our holy prophet, when you
' fight \ur his law againd his avowed enemies.' When
he had fpoke thcfe words, he pufhed on his men with
grear lury, and attacked the rear of the Portuguefc
army, com^man led by Alphonfo Norhogna, v/ho with-
flood the eiu-my in the mod couragious manner, tho*
v^'ith great difficulty. Ataide coming up to Norhogna^
faid to him, fmiling, ' Do not utterly dedroy my
' Moors, whom 1 have trained up with fo much pains:
*• leave a few, by way of feed. Go you to the firft
2 ' line ;
fiookx. the Portuguese, &c. 211
^ line; I will defend the rear.' His fon-in-law refufed
at firft to comply ; but being at 'aft obliged to fubmir,
he obeyed his orders. Ataide, having mounted a frefh
horfe, withfcood the enemy in luch a manner, that he
kept his men in their ranks, and continued his march
with great regularity ; being obliged, however, often
to face about and attack the enemy. In one of thefs
k-encounters Raho obferved Ataide's throat to be bare,
his coat of mail not covering it : he accordingly threw
at him a javelin with great force, which pierced his
throat. Thus by one blow this great man fell, who
had done the enemy fuch confiderable damage -, and
by his fall the Portuguefe were thrown into the utmoft
diftradion : fof, immediately after his death, there
happened a tumult amongit our people, which brought
on their defliruftion. One party infi.'ted on having
Aiphonfo Norhogna made general, whilft another was
as ftrenuous for Aiphonfo Ataide. Thus as, in peace-
able times ambitious citizens are apt to form diiTentions
about the diftribution of honours ; fo did they, when
in the midft of danger, contend with equal animofity.
To fuch a degree did their madnefs proceed, that they
were well nigh leaving the enemy, and turning their
fwords upon each other. The confederate Moors fee-
ing this diftraflion amongft our people, as Raho had
advifed them, joined thtmifcves with the enemy, that
they might become fharers in fuch confiderable booty.
Thus it happened that almoft all thePor ugoefe, partly
by their own folly, and partly by the treachery of their
allies, were that day killed or taken prifo.iers : amongft
thefe was Aiphonfo Norhogna, and many other perfons
of diftinccion, who were all killed on the fpot.
The Moors, elated by this fucccfs, began to be very-
confident of themfelves. Some of Emmanuel's tribu-
taries revolted ; and others, wavering in their rrfolu-
tion, waited to fee the further event: but none of them
imagined that any general could be found equal to
Ataide, in courage and ability. Raho quitted the
field wiih all the iplendour ar^d dignity of a conqueror,
P 2 enriched
1 1 % The History of Book X.
enriched with immcnfe booty, and accompanied with
his dearcft wif<^, whom he prized above all treaiure.
He was beheld with univerfal admiration, and his
bravery was extolled by the highcfl encomium : yet
all his glory was but (hort hved ; for a few days after
the vidory, in an engagement betwixt Xerif and the
king of Fez, he was killed by one of the enemy,
whom he purfued : his antagoi ifl-, having of a fudden
faced about, run him through with his fpear. Hoca
was the moil inconfolate widow : after having buried
him widi great pomp, llie faffed nine days, and ex-
pired, having given orders that fiie lliould be in-
terred in the fame grave with Benxamut •, for, fhe faid,
(lie could not endure the thoughts of being feparated
from her hufband, either when alive or dead»
As foon as Emmanuel received the news of the late
difafler, he fent Nunez Mafcaregn, a bold enterprizing
man, to fucceed Ataide. At this time Jehabentaf was
in Portugal : he was deeply affedled when he heard of
the defeat. One thing in particular touched him,
namely, his apprehenfion that Emmanuel, being of-
fended at the infidelity of the Moors, would put no
niore confidence in the refl of the nation : this, he
forefa-//, would be attended with the grea^eft inconve-
niences, and would hinder him from executing fome
great defigns which he had proje6ted. Being uneafy
in his mind, he went to the king, and earnedly be-
feeched him, that he would not, for the faulc of a
few, diftruft a whole people : that there was no nation
where there v/ere not to be found fome men of wicked
and abandoned principles. ' If, faid he, the perfidy
* of a few abandoned wi etches is to caufe a general
' fufpicion to be thrown on all mankind, to whom
* could monarchs have recourfe ? What exploits could
* they then atchieve, when deftitute of afTiftance, from
* the bad opinion they entertain of men ? For he who
' is miflruflful of every one, will not give the ma-
* nagement of the moPc trivial affair to any perfon : a
* king of fuch a difpofition is unfit to reign. He ought
' to
BookX. thePORTUGUESE, &c. 215
to retire from human fodety, and lliut himfelf up in
woods and defarts. As nothing is more impolitic
than a precipitnte credulity, fo hkcwife, on the other
hand, 'tis highly unfalutary to adl with coo much
diffidence.
' I confefs, that thofe who deftrrtcd their allies, and
imbrued their hands in their blood, have been guilty
of the moft horrid crime : yet all the confederates
there prefent vvere not accomplices in the guilt. The
chief perfons were not only innocent, but, as much
as lay in their power, reflrained their countrymen.
Befides, there were many who gave an inconteftable
proof of their fidelity, by facrificing their lives,
being flain together with the Portuguefe : and thofe
who proved treacherous, I am apt to think, would
not have behaved in fuch a manner, had they not
looked on their affairs as in a defperate fituation from
the divifions of thePortuo;aefe, in eledino- a comman-
der. Prompted therefcre by felf-prefervation, and the
hope of booty, they abandoned the ties of honour
and fidelity, and chofe rather to live in fhame than
die with glory and reputation. 1 do not pretend to
extenuate their guilt : on the contrary, I would have
you ufe your royal authority in punidiing their per-
fidy •, for as it is the duty of a prince to reward the
faithful, fo is it no lefs incumbent on him to chafbife
the faithkfs. But what I aim ar, is to make it ap-
pear to you, that they do not all ftand equally con-
vided, and that the diffentions amongR: the Portu-
guefe very much contributed to this defection : I
have therefore great hopes if you ufe the aOiftance
of the well-afFeded, and eftablilh a (lri6t difcipline
amongft your troops, that you may repair this lofs
by many confiderable advantages. You have tried
and approved my fidelity on various occafions : for
my attachment to you, I have drawn on myfelf the
refentment of many of my own nation ; nor did I
ever decline the greateft dangers for your honour.
If then you have any regard for my paft fervices, I
P 3 ' earneil".
214 'T^^ History of Book X,^
* earneftly conjure you, who trufted me before you
* had experienced my fidelity, thac now, after having
' receiver! fo many proofs of my untainted faith, you
* would dill pUi greater confidence in me ; for 1 am
* pofitivc, that I fhall be able to bring into the Portu-
* guefe interell many more troops than they, who,
* through cowardice and avarice, lately deferted from
« your majefly.'
Jchabcntaf having frequently fpoke to Emmanuel
in this manner, and with great warmth, at lad pre-
vailed on him to make ufe ot his afiiftance to regain
the affedions of the Moors, and to give thrm hopes
of his royal merCy and pro'edion. Jthabeniaf accord-
ingly fet out wnth Pedro Mafcaregn for Saffia, where
they arrived the latter end of July, v^ith a confiderable
number of foldiers, and a fupply of warlike llores.
Jehabentaf immediately fent letters to all the chiefs of
the confederate Moors, advifing them of his arrival,
Thi'^ news gave them the higheil fatisfadlion, which
they (hewed by the greateft demondrations of joy : for
he was a man of extraordinary courage, and of great
experience in war ; infomuch thai all thofe who fcrved
under him, marched as if it Vv^ere to certain vidory,
and attacked the enemy with an unufual confidence.
Many of the confederate Moors, after having received
aiTurances that they fhould not be hurt, on account of
the late treachery to the Portuguefe, returned into the
city. They vvere received by Mafcaregn in a very kind
manner ; and having had affurance of Emmanuel's
protedion, they became warmly a tached to the Portu-
guefe intereft. it was now debated in council, con-
cerning the punifhment to be infiidled on the Moors,
who had proved treacherous : their number was focon-
fiderabl--, that it was no eafy matter to punilli then>
all -, and it feemed to be unjuft, that a few only fhouid
iuffer, for a crime in which fo many had been equally
involved. Befides, our people were at this jundure
afraid to commit any feverity, lefl it might raife new.
commotions, and might be a means to alienate many
from
BookX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 215
from their interefl. Ir, therefore, feemed mod expe-
dient to defer any thing of this nature ro a m( re
favourable occafion •, and, in t!ie mean time, to fct
a mark on thofe who had becii molt active in the late
defeflion, and to cut them off by degrees, as opportu-
nity ferved.
This year queen Mary was delivered of a fon, who
was called Antonio. The child however died fooa
after, and her majefty remained in a moR dangerous
condition after her delivery.
About this time a Portuguefe carvel, bound for Ar*
zila, was taken in fight of that place by fome Moorifh
py rates ; and it being then low v;ater, the Portuguefe
fleet, which lay in the harbour, could not give her any
affiftance. Francifco Sovtral, who commanded the
carvel, was killed by many wounds, after having fought
very bravely. Soon after GundilTalvo Vafco, one of
the Portuguefe guides, met with a moit unhappy fare:
he was by birth a Moor, and a man of a great un-
daunted foul. He had been bred a Mahometan ; but,
having abjured that execrable religion, had embraced
theChriftian faith. This man having received a con-
tufion in his leg, in the wars, had gone to Tangier to
have the help of a very eminent f jrgeon : as foon as
thQ cure was completecj, he went aboard a fliip for Ar-
zila, where his wife and family refided, whom he
longed to fee with the utmori: impatience. The mafic r
of the vffTcl alTured him, that he could make that pore
in the fpace of three hours ; but the wind failing, the
fhip was detained at fea, and fell into the hands of two
Moonfli corfairs. Vafco, though a man of great cou-
rage, yet having no weapons of defence, and being
certain he muft die if he came into the power of the
enemy, jumped into the long-boat; thinking to fave
himfclf by rowing •, but unfortunately he and his little
fon were taken. The enemy having boarded the fliip,
took all the men and women whom they found in her,
and conveyed them to Tetuan. The women by thtir
tears, anc^i, what v/as more perfjafive, by promifes of
P 4 hv^Q
2i6 The History cf Bock X.
large ranfome, were fet at liberty, as were likewife the
men on the fame condition, exceptingGiindifTalvo Vafco:
and notwithftanding many perfons of didindtion offered
confiderable fums for his redemption, yet the Moors, rho'
greedy of money, could not be prevailed on to fet him
at liberty on any terms ; fo inveterate were they againft
him, becaufe he had renounced the Mahometan reli-
gion. They defigned to pat him to death by the
mod cruel tortures ; and, firft of all, they murdered
his fon b'.fore his eyes, llfis cruel fpc6lacle did not
fhake Vafco's rtrfolution; and he endeav ured to en-
courage the boy, by the mod animating words, to die.
for ihe glory of Chrifi. Thcfc favages then duit up
the father's kgs and hands in pieces of wood, and
fcourged him in a mod batbarois manner. They
pulled off his nails, and pinched off his fiedi piece by
piece, that he ttiight die a cruel and lingering death.
GundiiTalvo, in the mean while, feemed to fmile amidd:
all <hefe tortures-, and havitig often invoked the name
of Chnft, he returned thanks that he had been deemed
"worthy of fo great an honour : for he accounted no-
thing more glorious than to die a martyr for his fake,
who had fuifcred fuch tortures on the crofs for the
redemption of mankind. His enemier, exafperated at
his condancy, doubled his tortures-, for they could not
endure to fee that all their endeavour.-, to dagger and
weaken his refokiii'.m, availed nothing. They became
therefore enraged with fury and madnefs -, and the
more he perfevered in his firmnefs of foul, the more
did they heighten their cruehy and barbarity. But
when they dill heard him praidng the name of Chrid,
and exclaiming againd th;it cf Mahomet, they cut out
histongwe: yet, even then, the language of his eyes
and countenance feemed to exprcfs more than the
tongue could utter; and, amidlt all his tortures, he
prelerved an air of triumph over their barbarity.
Though now deprived of fpeech, yet his f ul converfed
with God, whofe praife he celebrated more by his
filence than could be done by the utmod pomp of eJo-
(^ueiice.
BookX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 217
qucnce. Afcer he had endured the uKnoft tortures
for Lwo days, his foul departed to the regions of eter-
nal biifs. He left a brother, who Jikevvifc had em-
bntced the Chiiftian faith: fome years afterwards he
was taken by tlie enemy, and, after the example of
Vafco, alfo fuffered a moH: cruel death for his religion,
with amazing intrepidity.
In the mean while Fernando Gomez Lenos had ar-
rived in Perfia : he had a grand reiinue, mounted on
forty cam.els, which Ifmael had prepared for that pur-
pofe. He and all his attendants were received, in the
parts through which they travelled, with the utmofb
civihty. The ambalTadcr was condu6led by Habrainn
B^n, one of Ifmael's generals. They flopped one day
at Carmafa, formerly a weahhy and popjicus city ;
but having proved rebellious, had been dcmolilhed by
Ifmael's orders, and at that time it had only a garrifon
of foldiers. The next day they proceeded toCarma,
a ciiy furrounded with walls, and fonified with a ditch
•and rampart: there they were introduced into a moft
magnificent temple, fituare upon a large river *, which,
taking a winding courfe, makes the country through
which it runs extremely fertile and pleafant. They
cam»e next to Caixam, a ftrong and opulent city,
where Mirabucca (formerly deputy to Albuquerque,
and now commander of Ifmael's armyj met them with
a numerous body of horfe and foot ; and at the lame
time attended with the ambalTadors from Zabiam leal-
cam, and the king of Daguim. Here Lemos and h\s
attendants remained ten days •, and having refreflied
themfcives after their fatigue, they fet out for Ifmael'^
caiTip, which they reached in ten days journey. Rcfore
they entered the camp, the mafler of the king's
houfhol'J, a perfon of great diftinclion, came out to
receive them, who entered into a pleafanc converfition
with our people, *ciil the camels came up with the bag-
gage : then he ordered their tents to be fixed near his
own, and an entertainment to be ferved up, which, by
Ifmael's particular orders, was furnillied with variety
and
2 1 8 The History of Book X.
and plenty of all fort of provifions. When our peo-
ple arrived at this place, they had now travelled one
thonfand miles. The c.imp was fituate in a large
plain, furrounded on all fides by prodigious high
mountains, moilly ovcrcd with fnow. In this fpoc
there were ihirty-five thoufand tents: the army con-
fifted of one hundred the j land cavalry, befides a con-
fiderable number of women, and other attendants.
The day after Lemos's arrival, Ifmael went to take
the diverfi'jn of hunting, being attended with eight
thoufand cavalry, who followed him at a moderate
difiance. If any of thefe had occafion to communicate
any thing to his majeify, they ufcd to ride up to him,
and, after having delivered their meffage, they returned
to their rank The ftcward of the royal houfhold was
left to entertain ihe Poriugu- fc ambaffador. He, in-
order to add the grea er grandeur to the en^'ertainment,
invited all the other foreign ambafiadors : every thing
was conduifled with the utmod magnificence : there
was variety of coftly diflies to pleafe the palate, plenty
of the richeft wines to cheer the heart, and mufick of
all forts to looth the ear. All the gueils who had been
invited were clothed in embroidered filks. The en-
tertainment begun in the mornino;, and continued 'till
the evening. In the mean while Ifmael, having re-
turned from hunting, pafled by the cent where they
were caroufing: all immediately came forth, and
faluted his majefty. He gave the Portuguefe ambaf-
iador feveral rich fuits of cloaths, and many other
prefents.
Some days after Lemos was admitted to an audience;
Ifmael received him in a tent embroidered with gold,
feated on a throne hung with the richeft tape ft ry, and
furrounded with all his nobles. He received Emma-
nuel's letter with a chearful countenance, and ordered
the ambaffador, with his attendants, to fit down : he
then began to talk very ramiliarly v/ith Lemos, afl^ing
him many queftions about the health and welfare ot
the pope, and in relation to the power and authority
nf
BookX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 219
of his holinefs. He hkcwife enquired particularly
about Emmanuel's morals, age, and dirpoficion -, as
Jikewifc c nccrning th. nature of his government, and
the number of his children. He alio expreiTtd aa
equal curiofity to be informed about Albuquerque's ex-
ploits ', and dik'^d fuch queftions about the arts of war
and peace, as ihewtd him to be a prince of no lefs hu-
manity than underfianding. The amballidor delivered
him leveral prefcnts from Albuquerque, which he re-
ceived With the higheft marks of iatisfadicn. After
his tnajelly had fpenc fome time in an agreeable cor-?
ve: iatioQ with Lemos, he ordered a table to be covered,
and an entertainment to be lerved up; and that ano-
ther, furniQied with the richcft difhts, fhou'd bepLicei
near his own, for the nobiiiry and ambafLidors. All
the gueds appeared chearful, and every one talked
v,'itii freedom and affability : none prclent reo-arded
the law of Miiho.pjet, v^'hich forbids thedrinkifg of
wine; nay, they even thought i: a criiLe to mix it
with water, and (ecmed to contend who fliru'd drink
the largeft bumpets. Ifmael himielf tak;ng up a
large cup, O'-dered it to be filled to the brim, and
drank it off in an exulting manner, boail.ng that he
alone had drank more than ali the company together.
When he obierved any dilh or wine on h:s own table
remarkably good, he ient it to the amhalfadors : they,
in the mean whik-*, were extremely j-cular and face-
tious ; and throwing off care, iniirely devoted rhem-
felves to mirth and joHny. All ceremony and re-
ferved tehavicur was at this time laid afide, and no-
thing appeared but the utmoll freedom and frankne.s:
the enteriainmcnt v/as begun before noon, and laftcd
'till fun-fct. The amibaffadors having been prelenred
with rich cloaths, and other things of value, were dif-
miffed to thdr tents.
In the mean while the king often moved his camp,
but he always kept up the fame magnificence in his way
of living. Some days afterwards he gave anfwer ta
^he Fortugucfe ambaffador. The embaiTy confifled of
three
220 The History of Book X.
thne heads. Firft, Than Emmanuel was dcHrous of
entCMi g inio an offenfive and defenfive league with
Ilmael ; and as he knew that hio Perfian majeLly was at
that time engaged in war wi:h the Grand Seignior,
and Sciim -he Egyptian fu'tan, he offered him all the
affillancc in his power. Sccoridly, it was required.
That, in Oid t to conhrm luch a treaty, Ifma^ I fliould
fend ambafTadors into Portugal ; ptoinifing, at the
fame time, that Albuquerqie fliould provide (hips to
convey them from Ormus. Tliiicly, limacl v'.as lol-
licired hy Albuquerque to rccai ^he Perf!fi::!S under Za-
ba'ra Idalcam ; and that he would enact a law, that
rone of his fubjc6ls (liould ferve under any power
agaiaft the Portuguefe. To the firft of thefe articles it
wa^ anfwered. That thecondu5l of the Poraiguefe did
n^)t agree with their friendly profefTions ; for, if Em-
manuel was ib defirous of friendfn'p, how came it
abcut that his people forcibly took Ormu% a city
whiich was tributary to Ifmael, and under his protec-
tion ? As to fending ambafladorB to Portugal it was
rephed. That the way was long, dangerous, and at-
tended xvi:h numberlefs difficulties. The following
year war v/a^ to be carried on with the Turks, and
Ifmael faid, that he hoped the fame of this would
reach Portugal, and fupply the place of ambafifadors.
As foon as the war wiLh Selim was finiflied, he faid he
intendtd to carry his arm.s into Arabia, but that he
did not (land in need of the afTiftance of any other
monarch in that affair : however, if the Portuguef:j
were willing to give a proof of their friendfliip, he
deHred that the affiftance offered by Albuquerque
againft the Arabians, might be employed againfl: the
cities of Elcatif and Baharen, fituare in the Perfian
gulph, which had revolted from his authority, and
which he intended to bring again under his fubjedion.
There, he faid, A.!buquerque might be extremely fer-
viceable to him, becaufe of the neighbourhood of Orw
mu^ As to the foldiers under Zibaim Id.dcam, he
laid they were out of his dominions, received pay
from
BookX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 221
from another fovereign, and confequenvly not under
his jurildidlion ; befidcrs, thar he- had a treaty of friend-
fhip with Zabaim, wliich he could not violate without
the higheil breach of faith. However, he promifed
to write to that prince, and, if pofTible, to pcrfuade
him to ceafe hoftilitics witii the Portugue'e. Laflly,
he faid that he had given Arid: orders to all his fjbjeds,
wholhould fill in the Perfian gulph, to pay the great-
eft deference to Albuquerque, and by all means to cul-
tivate a friend fhip with our people. This was the
anlwer which he gave in publick to Lemos •, bjt he
faid, that he would difcufs every particular more fully
with him in private.
Ifmael, a few days after, decamped again ; and
hav ng drawn out his army, fur oundcd the mountains,
which were twelve miles in compafs : and the wild
beafts, being didodged, were driven into the plain,
which the mountains on all fides encompaded. His
Perfian majcfty having fent for the ambafladorr, and
feveral of the nobility, in their prefence he killed many
of the beafts with javtrlins : he drew his falchion, and
at one blow cut feveral of them in halves. There was
one in particular, which, at one ftroke, he cleft afunder
from the head downwards; for he was a man of great
dexterity in arms, and of vail ftrength of body.
Being at laft tired with fiaughrer, he permitted his
nobles to take the like amufement -, whiift he, in the
mean time, hf Id a converfation with the Portuguefe
ambafTador, alking him, whether Emmianuel had any
paiTion for hunting, and after what manner he took
that diverfion. V/hen he had gone about four miks
further he came to a very fine river, where he began
to amufe himfelf with fifhing, throwing the nets with
his own hands, and offering our people the fifli he
caught with the utmoft civility. In fhort, by the
whole of his behaviour, he endeavoured to gain their
affedlions; nor did this proceed from any artifice or
diiTimulation, but flowed intirely from the benevolence
and humanity of Im difpofition : for he was by nature
courteous,
2 2 2 The History of Book X,
courteous, affable, and chearful ; and in convcrlatioii
he always appeared ai;reecible and facetious.
Ifma.l foon after decamped again, and moved to a
very plealant place, that was adorned with delightful
gardens and orchards ; for he was defirous that our
ptople fhould fere the beauty of the country, that they
nn.i.ht talk the higher of it at their return to Port'gaL
L mos having requefted that he might be difmifTcd,
hio majefty begged of him that he would go to Tau'i'^^
and (lay 'nil he fhould come there ; for he faid he in-
tended to fend a deputy wi[h him to Albuquerque.
He gave our people a large Turn of money, wi:h many
valuable preJcnrs ; and appointed one of his officers to
condud them to Tauri^, where they arrived after a
journey of ten days. This is a wealthy populous city,
adorned vvirh many magnificent buildings, and fur-
rounded with a plealant fertile country. There ar6
many Arm !iian Chriiiians who refide here: rhey fre-
quently viiired the Fortuguefe, and expreffcd the high-
eft fatisfadion at their arrival. The magiilrates and
chief men of the city treated our people with the
greateft refpedl and civility. The perfon whom Ifmael
intended to fend to Albuquerque had fallen ill -, fo that
Lemos and the reft of the Fortugucfe, after having
ftaid here twenty day-^, were told they might depart.
They travelled through a rich and well cultivated
country, 'till they came to the opulent city of Caxam :
from thence they proceeded, and after fifteen days
journey reached Schiras. It was at that time the mid-
dle of winter, and the ground was fo deep with fnow,
that feveral men were obliged to go before and clear
the roads. The Portuguefe were treated here with the
fame hofpitality and friendfhip, as they had been at all
the oiher places through which they travelled. When
they approached Schiras, they were met by an ofHcer
with a fquadron of horfe, who efcorted them to the
city. At their entrance here the governor of the place
was then ab fen t •, but foon after arrived: the arrival
of his excellency, as well as that of the Pcrtuguefe am-
baifadof.
BookX. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 223
baflador, gave great joy to the inhabitants, who, for
feveral days, gave chemfelves up to mirth and fefti-
vity.
Whilft Lemos remained at this place rhe ambafTador,
whom Ifmael ordered to go to Albuquerque with let-
ters for Emmanuel, arrived with feveral confiderable
prefents: amongll other things he bioughr five beau-
tiful horfcs, adorned with the richcrfl: furniture ; the
faddle-cloth being of rhe mod coftly filk, and embroi-
dered in the moft curious manner. He brought like-
wife a golden fhield, together with many filver arid
golden velfels. They accordingly proceeded on their
journey, and came to Lar, and from thence roOrmu.' :
but before they reached ihat place Alb^. querqus was
dead, and Lopez Soarez then held the governmvrnt of
India. The letter, which Ifmael's amballador brought
for Emmanuel, was to this efFed:.
To Emmanuel, that great and illuftrious monarch,
the ornament of Chriltian princes, and the fup-
port of Portugal, greeting :
* The famie and beauty of thy aflions, O illullrious
' prince, may be compared with the fweetnefs of the
* moil lovely rofes. I fend this epiQle to you* to let
* you know, that you have my earnefl: wifhes for your
' honour and felicity, no lefs than if you was my owa
* brother. Be it known unto you likewife, that I fent
* one of my houfhold into India, where xAIbuquerque,
* your great and defervedly honoured geiieral, treated
* him in the moft hofpitable and friendly manner.
* This I took as a fignal proof of fjiend(l;ip and good
* will; and, induced thereby, I have fcnt Soliman, m.y
* trufty and beloved fervant, to waic on Albuquerque,
* in order to ftrengthen the amity already begun. It
' is therefore my earnefl: dcfire, that we may keep up
* a correfpondence by letters ; and that we may fcrve
' each other by mutual ofijces of love and friendfliip.
' May the Eternal King of kings guard your royal
* peribn, grant fuccefs to all your laudable under-
; ' takings,
224 ^^^^ History of Book X.
* takings, and (howcr his bleflings on your family/
In the letter to Albuquerque he bellows the highefl en-
comiums on his bravery, calling him the pillar of ge*
nerali, the couragious lion of the fea, with other luch
titles. Moreover he added, ' As the fun, when rifing,
' delights my fight, and as fragrant odours are grate-
* ful to my nofbrils, fo do thy exploits affedl me with
* the moil ravifhing pleafure.' This was the (lile of
his epiftolary writing, in which he exprelTed himfelf
in the mofl warm and friendly mann::r. He defired
that feme Portuguefe artifts might be fent to him, to
teach his people the arc of calling and polifhing can-
ron. Mirabuca, at the fame time, fent a letter to
Albuquerque, containing the higheft expreiTions of
love, refpefl, and gratitude.
BOOK
Book XI. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 225
BOOK XL
IN the mean while the fultan had prepared a for-
midable fleet, to drive the Portugucfe from their
pofTcfTions in India. He was Ipurred on to this enter-
prize by pique and refcntment -, for his revenues had
been confiderably diminiflied l^y the Portugucfe arms.
He was alfo induced thereto by the great promifes of
moft of the Indian princes, who offered him all the
aOiftance in their power. His fleet confilled of twenty-
feven fail of fhips: on board of v/hich were feven
hundred mamalukes, the flower and fl:rength of his
army, three hundred janizaries, and about one thou-
fand Arabians from Tunis and Granada. There was
iikewife a large train of artillery, with a confiderable
quantify of warlike (tores. The command of this
fleet was given to a Turk named Solyman, who, after
having ferved a confiderable time under the grand
feignior, had deferred to the Sultan. The. admiral
accordingly failed from Suez for the ifland of Cama-
ran. In his way thither he lofl: one galley, but received
an addition of three more fhips, which had been builc
by Mirhocem, fince the dcftruclion of the fleet ac Dio,
I'he fultan had appointed Mirhocem governor of Ca-
maran : here they fpent a year in building a fort, and,
after this was finiflied, failed for Arden, which they in-
tended to dorm •, for the k'ng of this place, having
received fevtral injuries from Mirhocem, had made it
capital punifhment for any of his fubjedls to carry pro*-
vifions to that ifland. Solyman and Mirhocem be*
fegcd the ciiy for a confiderable time, and battered
down fome part of the Walls 5 but met with fo warm
a reception from the inliabiiants, that beiii^ obliged to
Vol. II. Q^ raii'e
^
226 The History of Book XI.
raife the fiege, they returned to the ifland. Thence
they failed for Jeddo, to take in a fupply of provifions :
here there happened a dilTention betwixt the two com-
manders ; and Mirhocem was cut off by a ftratagem
of Soiyman.
Emmanuel having received notice of the Sultan's
preparations, had difpatchcd an cxprefs to Lopez
Soarez, ordering him not to wait 'till the enemy fhould
reach India, and join the Indian powers, but fail with
al'l expedition to engage the Sultan's fleet in the Red
Sea. Soarez, purfuant to his inflrudlions, failed from
Goa on the 8th of February 15 17, with two hundred
Portuguefe, and one thoufand Indian foldiers, on board
a fleet of forty-three fhips. He touched at Socotora,
in order to water there : thence he fleered for Aden,
where he im.agined the enemy were then laying. But
when he heard they were departed from thence, he
failed into the harbour, and fired fome balls into the
city. Mirahamiriam was ilili governor of Aden : by
his orders three of the chief inhabitants came out in a
fupplianc manner to Soarez, with the keys of the city
in their hands, earneftly begging to be taken under
the prote6lion of Emmanuel, v/hom they promifdd to
ferve with the utmoft zeal and loyalty. Soarez, how-
ever, would not accept of their fubmifiion ; for he faid
it was his exprefs orders not to florm that city, nor
even to receive it into his pofTefTion, though the citi-
zens fhould offer to furrender themfeives. Thef- pofi-
tive inftru^tlons are often extremely inconvenient, not
being adapted to the variety and inconflancy of human
aflairs : it therefore requires a man of fpirit, who will
have courage to fuit his meafures to the prefent cir-
cumftances -, for when a commander is of fo timorous
a difpofition as, out of a dread of his prince's refent-
ment, to adhere too fcrupuloufly to his orders, many
noble opportunities "are often flipped, which is after-
wards bitterly lamented. Epaminondas was therefore
juflly celebrated, who kept his commiflion two months
beyond the time limited by law, in order to deQroy
2 the
Book XL the PORTUGUESE, Sec. 227
the enemies of the ftate. By this he was liable to
capital punifl'jmcnr, but he chole rather to run this
rifque, than Icfe an opportunity of ferving his counrry
in [o fignal a manner. Had Soarez been bold e-
nough to have followed the example of this great
man, inflead of being punifhed by his prince, he
would certainly have been rewarded and honoured
for his greatnt^fs of foul. However, that he might noE
feem to defpife the people of Aden's offer, he told
them, * That he intended, as foon as poffible, to en-
' gage the Sultan's fleet ; and therefore could not at'
' preJent fpend time in drawing up articles of peace,
* lefb, in the mean while, the enemy might efcape.
. That he would return in a fhort time, and then
' matters might be fettled on an amicable foodng.
* What he then required was, that they would give
* him a fupply of provifions, and furnifli him with
« lome pilots.' The citizens v/ere tranfported with
joy at this unexpe6led anfwer, and immediately fent
a large fupply of provifions, .togetlier with four pilots
well acquainted with the red fea.
Soarez having weighed anchor, fent Alvaro de Cafiro
and Diego Pereira before, to fee if they could pick
up any fhip, from which they might receive intelligence
where the Sultan's fleet then lay., Pereira accord-
ingly took one vefiel, and by thole aboard was inform-
ed, That the enemy's fleet was then at anchor in
the port of Teddo, or, as the Arabians call it,
Gidda. That Soly man defigned to attack Aden again ;
and after having finifhed the fort at Cam.aran, in-
tended to fail for India, to fall upon the Porruguefe.
Soarez, at the en r ranee of the gulpn, met with a mod
boiderous ftorm, which had like to have defiroyed the
whole fleet. Alvaro Caflro had taken three vefTeh^
With the goods of thefe he had fo overloaded his
own fl-jip, chat flie, together wifh the whjle crew,
perifhed. The violence of the weather being abated,
Soa.fZ proceeded in his courfe. Before he reached
Jeddo, eighteen Venetian Chrifl:ians (vvho had been
0^2 employed
228 The History of Book XL
employed in refitting the enemy's fliips, but had de-
ierted together with leven Turks) were brought to him.
Thefe men informed him, that Mirhocem had been
kiUcd by Solyman, from a lufpicion of his having form-
ed a defign to poifon this inan. They faid likewife,
that the enemy's fhips were hauled afhore, that the
city was almod in a defencelefs condition, being un-
fortified, and having but a weak garrifon. Soarez, as
loon as he received this intelligence, made all polTible
expedition. But another dorm arifing, retarded his
couife: at this time one of the fliips funk, and all
aboard were lofl. At length, however, the fleet reached
the mouth of the habour, but they durfl not proceed
farther by reafon of the great number of fhelves. The
city of Jeddo is fituate in a bay, iu the middle of the
Arabian coad. The foil is barren and fandy-, fo that
the inhabitants are obliged to have all their water, as
well as provifiORS, imported from other parts. The
place was at flrft peopled on account of religion, it
being the port to Mecca (one day's journey from
thence) whither great numbers refort to vifit the tomb
of Mahomet. Befides, by its fiiuation it is very con-
venient for landing the Indian commodities, which are
conveyed from thence on camels to all parts of Egypt*
The harbour being full of flielves and banks, is ex-
tremely dangerous. The city was fo flightly for-
tified, that it was not able to hold out a fiege. The
buildings were magnificent, and mod of the houfes
had balconies,
Soarez fentAlphonfoMonez, andDionyfio Fernando
Melos, to found the harbour, who at their return
brought word, that the channel though narrow would
admit the galleys; with this inconvenience, however,
that by reafon of the turnings and windings of the
water, the fides of the fhips would be greatly expoled
to the cannon of the enemy, who likewife threw a vaft
number of darts from the city, and from their dations
placed for that purpofe. A council of war being held,
it was refolved fird to endeavour to nail up the ene-
my's
Book XI. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 229
my's cannon, thinking, when this was done, they
might attempt the ciiy with Icfs danger. They re-
folved likewifc to fct fire to three of Mirhocem'sfhips,
which lay in the harbour. This, they thought, would
prove a diverfion to the enemy, and enable them to
execute their defign with greater taciliLy. The Ihips
were accordingly burnt, but the enemy did not re-
move from their flations and batteries; fo that thofe
of our people who went afhore to nail up the cannon,
were not able (o eiTccl thtir fcheme. Mean while the
fleet fuftained confiderable damage; fo that Soarez
weighed anchor, and failed fcr Camara ; for fe-
veral of our people had been killed in this affair, and
thofc who remained, were fortly afflicted with fa-
mine.
When they reached Camaran, they found the ifland
quite defolate, for the inhabitants being alarmed, were
fled to the continent. Soarez difpatched two fhips
to i^thiopia, commanded by Francifco Goa, and Lau-
rcncio Cofmez, but they returned without any provi-
fions, fo that numbers in the fleet were cut off by fa-
mine. Here died Duarte Galuan worn out with age
and infirmity : he had been fent embaffador from Em-
manuel to the king of i^thiopia. Soarez, having de-
molifhed the fort which the enemy had built at Ca-
maran, failed to Zeila. This city is feated on the
Arabian coafl, a fmall diffance without the mouth of
the red fea : it was at that time very populous, and
flourifhed with commerce. The houfes w^ere very
magnificent and lofty. The inhabitants were com-
pofed of various nations ; here you might fee blacks,
whites, and mulattoes. Soarez was driven to this
place by neceffjty to get a fupply of provifions. The
inhabitants being alarmed, defer ted the city ; leaving
only a garrifon of foldiers for its defence. When our
people found they could not be relieved for money nor
intreaties, they unanimoufly agreed to ftorm the city.
It was not furrounded by walls, nor fortified with
towers and ftations. They therefore refolved to land
0^3 their
230 The History of Book XI^
their forces. Garcia Coutign and John Sylveira com-
manded the firft line, who having firii landed, waited
for fome time drawn up on the fnore, till Soarez
and the reft of the army fhould be difunba.ked.
But as Soarez fei med not to be fo expedition'^ as the
affair required, thofe who v/ere afhore could not bear
the delay. Beiides, they were irritated by the in-
fulting iangu.ige of the eiiemy, who reproached them
with their difgrace at Jeddo, telling them, they might
exped to be treated with the fame civility as they had
been by Solyman. Jafper Sylvio, Ayres Sylvio, and
Antonio Ferreira Fogoza, were amongfi; thofe v/ho
firft landed : thefe were men ready to die to attain glory ;
they could not brook fuch iniulcs, but immediately
rufbed on the enemy, and were followed by the
reft of the foldiers. The enemy [locking together from
all fides, withftood the fhock with vaft intrepidiry.
Our people, howevt-r, pufbed on by hunger, refent-
ment, and the remembrance of their late defeat at
Jeddo, fought with fo much fury, tliat after having
killed feveral of the enemy, they drove the reft to
fiighr. Thus Zeilo being ftript of its garrifon, was
now left a prey to our people. Soarez remained ftill
aboard the fleet. Simon Andrade fent to inform him,
that the city b:ing entirely evacuated by the enemy,
he might now enter it with fafety. • Soarez was more
offended at the meil^ge than Andrade could well
imagine, for he thought it v/as meant as a farcafm
on him, becaufe he had not been prefent at the en-
gagement, and he abuftd Andrade with the moft
bitter language. The city was plundered, and there
was fouid great plenty ot provifions, part of which
they put aboard die fleet, and the reft was deftroyed
in the fiames of the city, which they ki on fire. In
this place they found a Pcrtuguefe one of the
rowers of George Qiiadra's pinnace, which had been
feparated from Duarte Lemon's fleet. Th'S man hav-
ing been taken by the enemy near the fliore, had been
kept in fetters ever fince his captivity.
Soarez
Book XI. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 231
Soarez now failed for Aden, where he expelled
to be well received, and to get a flirther fupply of
provifions, for he had fufFered moft ofthofeat Zeila
to be burnt, from the confidence he had of being -
' furniihed with all neceiTaries at Aden. But he now
found by fad ei^perience, what his own fagaciry ought
to have taught him, that we ought not to let flip a
prefenc advantage for the hopes of a futurCj efpeci-
ally when it depends on the faith of anorher perfon;
for Mirahamirian had conceived an utrer averfion to
Soarez for his having refufed the keys of the city :
befides, when he heard he had done nothing memora-
ble in his voyage, that his fleet was diminished, and
great part of his army cut off, he peremptorily refu-
led to fupply our people with provifions, and only
allowed them to have a little water, which ihey bought
at an exorbitant price. Soarez was therefore obliged
to put back to the ^Ethiopian coaif, in order to vic-
tual his fliips at Baffora, a city about eighty miles
from Zeila. Hence he failed for Ormus, where he
arrived after an expedition, in which, fo far from ac-
quiring glory, that he drew on himfelf fliame and
ignominy. He had neglt6led an opportunity of bring-
ing Aden under the Portuguefe power. He had not
deftroyed the Sulran's tieet, and had met v/ith a
fbametul repulfe at Jeddo. Many of the (liips were
loft, and thofe which remained extremely torn and
fhattered. Great numbers of the men cut off by the
fword, famine, and (hip.vreck, and fuch as had ef-
caped thefe calamities in a mod wretched condition.
Before Soarez reached Ormus, he difpatched Alexo
Monez to get ready the Beet for Portugal. He like-
wife fent Lopez Viilaiupia, in a pinnace, as an exprels
to Emmanuel, with ihG particulars of the late un-
fortunate expedition. Pedro Valco Vera, a man of
great flcill^.in fea affairs, was mafter of the pinnace.
His arrival gave the greateft fjrprize to the people in
Portugal ; for they were amazed that fo fmall a veffel
lliouid have made its way over fuch immenfc tcm.pe-
0^4 fluous
2 32 The History of Book XI.
{luous feas, which the largeft and bed rigged fhips
could not perform without great cliffictilty and danger.
Soarez, after having fettled fome affairs at Ormus,
proceeded for India ; here he found Antony Saldagna
with five fhips, fcnt from Portugal to cruize in the
Arabian fea, who likewife brought v/ith him Fernando
Alcafova, whom Emmanuel had appointed farmer-
general of his revenues in India. Soarez, in his voyage
thither, fuffered various misfortunes, and his fleet was
fcattercd. Some of the fliips were driven to Melinda,
others were obliged to put in at Mozambique. One
of the commanders was forced back with his fhip into
the red fea, where he took flicker in one of the ports
on the iEthi-^pian coaft. Here he was murdered on
fome pretended affront by Jerom Oliveria, who was
likewife affiiled by Menendez Aiphonfo, a bold def-
perate fellow. His death was revenged by John Ro-
derigo Pelagio, a gentleman of great bravery aboard
the fame fhip, who immediately killed Aiphonfo-, but
as Oliveria was a man of nobility and reputation, Pe-
lagio faved his life, and having put him in irons, re-
ferved him to take his tryal before the governor.
Soarez, as we have mentioned above, had entered
into a treaty of peace with the queen of Coulan, and
being extremely defirous of building a fort in that city,
before he failed to Arabia, liad fent H(:6lor Rodcrigo
to Coulan, to reprefent to the queen. That it was ab-
folutely neceffary that the Portuguefe fhould have a
flrong houfe to defend them from the infults of the
Arabians, otherwife they were liable to the fate which
Antonio Sala had undergone. This the queen very
readily granted. But Roderigo, though he pretended
to be building a houfe, yet in reality was laying the
foundation of a fort. The Arabians perceiving
this, endeavoured to ftir up the citizens, telling them,
that the Portuguefe were building a fort to over awe
them. ' They want (fiid they) to throw a yoke on
* your necks, which, if you allow them once to fijf,
^ you v/ill never afterwards be able to fhake off.
* Check
Book XI. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 223
* Check this evil therefore at the beginning -, nip it
* in the bud, left, if it is lufrtred to gain ftrengch, it
* may prove too ftrong againft all your attempts.
* The artifices of the Fortuguefc are well known,
' who whiiit they court your iriendfliip and alliance,
' aim at being your mafter^. ; who, under the pretext
' of building houfes ere6t forts *, who, when they have
' to do with a fimplc unguarded people, firft rob
* them of their liberty, and afterwards lirip them of
* every valuable pofleflion/ With thefc and fuch
like fpeechcs the Arabians endeavoured to enfiame the
people ofCoulan-, nor did they fail to importune the
queen herfeif. But her majefly knovv/ing the Porcu-
guefe to be equally keen in their enmity and friend-
ship, chofe rather by her fidelity to engage them
as fri<^nds, than provoke them as enemies. This re-
folution was further confirmed, when flie ca'ledto mind
what the zamorin had fufxered for his perfidy and in-
conftancy to our people, whilfi, on the other hand,
the king of Cochin had become great and confiJera-
ble by his zeal and fidelity to the Portuguefe. She
could not therefore be prevailed on to depart from
her faith; fo that the work went on with great for-
wardnefs. Mean while the queen, together with her
fon, left the ci y, in order to carry on a war, in
which they were engaged with the king of Travancor,
a neighbouring prince. The Arabians now were ex-
tremely afTiduous to flir up the citizens againft our
people, thinking to raife a tumult, by which the work
might be obftruded. Hedlor Roderigo behaved at
this judlurewith the molt fingular prudence. Pie took
care that his men, though provoked by the moft in-
fulting language, fiiould not returji the leaft harfh
exprefllon, but bear all with the utmoft calmnefs:
nor would he allow any of them to walk into the
city. Befides he himfclf kept up fuch an intimacy
with the principal perfons of Coulan, that they, as
ordered by the queen, gave him ail the afTiftance in
their power, In a Jittie time the queen, having put
234- The H I s T o R Y gF Book XI.
end to tli^ war, returned into the city. Her prefence
prevented all commotions, and the fort was linifhed
wich.'.ut riny farther iTiOleflation. * -
WhiU^ Soarez was on his Arabian expedition, Gii-
tiere Monroy, governor of Goa, purfuant to his in-
jftrudions, had difpaiched two galleys to the Maldivf!
ifiands, to intercept the fliips from Arabia. One was
commanded by his brother Fernando Monroy, and the
other by John Gundillalvo de Albicafiro. They took
two veffejs, richly laded, belonging to Cojequo, a man
of vdx wealth.
Some time after, Fernando being again fent out by
his brother with five fhips, to cruize on the coaft of
Chaul, took an Arabian veflfel at the mouth of the
rivvT Mais. Near this place there is a fortified town,
the governor of which immediately fitted out ten fhips
ct war, to attack Monroy, An engagement accord-
ingly enfued, which was maintained with great obfti-
nacy on both fides-, but neither could boaft of victory.
The enemy, after having received confiderabie da-
mage, did indeed ilieer off', but the Portuguefe had
likewife. fufi'ered fo much, that they did not think
proper to purfue them. Monroy then proceeded for
Chaul. There was at this time one Alvaro Madureira
a Portuguefe, who had a wife and family at Goa; but
through fear of punifhment (for he had killed one
of his countrymen) had fied to the continent, and re-
fided amongft the Arabians. This man came to fee
Monroy, who received him in a friendly manner, and
undertook to procure his pardon, if he would go back
to Goa. Alvaro returned thanks for this kindly ofi^er*,
and having complained of his indigent circumftances,
the admiral made a colledion for him, which amounted
to two hundred ducats. He then pretended that he
wanted to go afliore, to buy fome cloaths : but in re-
ality this was all a fham, in order to carry on his
treacherous dcfigns. Monroy, a little v/ay beyond
the mouth of the river on which Chaul is feated, fell
in with fifteen fhips fitted out by Melichiaz. With
thefe
Book XI. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 235
thefe he had a fmart engagement. But after having
taken one of thc-m, all the crew of which jumped
over-board, the reft of the enemy being frightened,
made off v/ich all pofTible hurry. Madureira, by
way of requital for the kindnefs of our people, went
to Mirhal, Zabaim Idalcam's general, and advifcd
him to fill! on Monroy ; telling him, that his fleet
being fo fmall, might be eafily defeated. Seven fliips
were accordingly firted out for this purpofe, which at-
tacked Monroy, who gave them fo warm a recep-
tion, thac he foon obliged them to llieer off. Bjt the
enemy, by the alTiftance of their oars, made away with
fo much expedition, that not one of their fi:iips was
taken.
About this time, the affairs at Goa were in great
danger, and the Portuguefe had like to have loft chat
iQand, the particulars and occafion of which, we fhali
here recite. There was one Fernando Caldeira, who
had been educated in the family of Albuquerque, and
had married at Goa. He had been reprcfented at the
Portuguefe court as a pyrate, who committed outra-
ges againft friends and enemies indifcriminately. Being
charged with this crime, he was fent to Portugal by
Emmanuel's orders. When he arrived there, he made
fo good a defence, that he was acquitted by his ma-
jefty, and fent back to India v^irh honour. ' He re-
turned in Soarez's fleet, and was aboard the fliip com-
manded by Guiterre Monroy, with whom, during
the voyage, he had fo violent a quarrel, that he left
the fleet at Mozambique, and having gone aboard a-
nother veffel,' failed in all hade to Goa. He had dif-
covered that Guiterre, when formerly at Goa, had cafl
a fweet eye on his wife-, and that he had made ufe of
Henrico Tauro as a tool to bring about his luftfui
purpofe. Caldeira at his arrival attacked Tauro,
wounded him in the face, and cut off one of his legs.
Being now deftituce of his patron Albuquerque, and
dreading the refentment of Guiterre, who, he kne\y,
was appointed governor of Goa, he thought he could
not
2^6 The History of Book XI.
not live here in fafery, and thefore ilcd to Penda, a-
bout eight miles diitant, whither he removed his
wife and all his effccls. Ancoftam, one of Zabaitn
Idalcam's generals, governor of this place, received
him very kindly, and affured him of his protec-
tion. Monroy, when he reached Goa, having heard of
Caldeira's departure, was at once fired by love and
refentment. He fent feveral meffcngers to Ancolfam,
demanding him to deliver up this infamous delerter.
But Ancoftam, knowing Caldeira to be a brave and
able perfon who> might be extremely ferviceable, and
at {he fame time thinking it fcandalous to deliver
up a man, who had come under his protedlion, to the
cruelty of his enemies;, he therefore pofitively refufed
to comp'y with this demand. But Monroy was re-
folved, at any rate to have Caldeira difpatched. He
accordingly, by large promifes, prevailed on John
Gomez a defperate and abandoned fellow, to under-
take the affair.
This man went to Ponda, and pretending to be a
delerter, who had luffered greatly by the cruelty and
injuftice of Monroy, he begged to be taken under
the protedion of Ancoftam, who treated him very
kindly, as likcwife did Caldeira. Ancoftam one day
by way of recreation went to take a ride in the fields,
being accompanied with Caldeira and Gomez. This
villain thought that now a fair opportunity offered
for executing his bloody defign : he accordingly took
Caldeira alide, under pretence of communicating
fomediing to him in private, and having ftabbed
him with a poignard, he clapped fpurs to his horfe
a.-id rode off full gallop. Ancoftam was moved with
indignation, that fuch a horrid deed fhould have been
perpetrated before his eyes, and on a man who was un-
der his protedlion. He therefore difpatched fome of his
attendants in purfuitof the murderer, who was over-
taken, and brought back. Ancoftam was defirous to
take immediate vengeance with his own hand, and
accordingly
Book XL the PORTUGUESE, &c. 237
accordingly drewhis fword, and cut off the head of
Gomez.
Monroy became now no lefs enraged agiind An-
coftam than he had been aga-nft Caldtira. He
therefore relblved to take him off by feme treacherous
artifice. He gave out that he was to exhibit publick
fports on a certain day; under this pretence he ordered
fome troops to march to Benaftar, where they went
through their exercifes, and p;^rformed a mock en-
gagement. As foon as it was dark, he ordered the
officers to proceed to Ponda, to kill Ancoftam. They
remonftrated againft the crucky and injuftice of this
defign; but Monroy having told them, that this was to
be done in purfuance to the orders of Emmanuel, they
then refolvcd to obey. They accordingly pafTed the
river in flat boas, and having taken off the furniture
of their horfes, made them fwim over. Guiterre
gave the command of the cavalry to Fernando Mon-
roy, and the foot to John Machiad : the latter, having
got 'firfl: over the river, feized two men, by whom
he received intelligence, that Ancoftam was then in
the town, not dreaming of the leafl danger. He
therefore entreated Fernando to allow him to march
immediately in the filence of the night, to furprize
Ancoft^im. Fernando, however, would by no means
agree to this, and the^greateft part of the night was
fpent in wrangling-, fo that the affair was not execured
with the expedition that was neceffary: at rhe fame
time the inhabitants were alarmed by the neighing of
the horfes, and Ancoifam being apprized of their ar-
rival, immediately paffed over a bridge on the river,
and drew up his forces on the oppofite fide. When
Fernando Monroy reached Ponda, it was broad day-
light, and the town wasdelerted by its inhabitants-, fo
that after a deal of fatigue, finding his fcheme fruf-
trated, he was willing to return back, and perfiiadrd
Machiad to the fame refolution. Ancoffam, encou-
raged by this retreat, repaffed the bridge, and having
let upon Monroy, killed fevtrai of his Iq-jadion, and
drove
2^S The History of Book XL
drove the reft to flight. The cavalry flying, pur the
foot into the greateft diforder; fo that they all retreat-
ed in the iitmofl: confufion. Ancofi:am lent before a
detachment of his men, to take pofTefllon of a de51e
through which the Portuguefe mud pafs -, here there
enfued a fevere conflid, which at laft ended in a
complete vidory to Ancoftam. Many of our people
were taken priibners, and many miore killed. Ma-
had fell in this adion, after having fought very
bravely.
Ancofl;am immediately fent an exprefs to Zahaiii
Idalcam, with the news of this vidory, telling him at
the fame time, ' That if he would exert himfelf, he
' might eafily become mafl:er of Goa. That the
' Fcrtuguefe had broke through the treaty, and de-
*^ ferved to be puniflied for their perfidy : That there
* was only need of an army to appear before Goa,
' which being dripped of its garrifon, and the inha-
•^ bitants fliruck w^ith a panic at the late defeat, it
' might be carried at the firft airault.' Idalcain ac-
cordingly difparched Zufalarim, with a coniiderable
arm.y to the ifland ; he made great havock and devaf-
tation, and reduced the city to the urmoii extremity^
which v/ould certainly have been taken, had it not
been for the feafonable and nnexpeded ariival of John
Sylveira, who had wintered at Q-iiloa. Soon after
Raphael Pcreftrello arrived likewife from China, with
vaft wealth. He was a man of great courage, and
extraordinary liberality, which made him univerfally
beloved. He brought with him three fhips. There
were aboard a coniiderable number of foldiers, who
were ready to follow him any where, with the utmoft.
chearfulnefs.
Thus it happened, by the lufb and rafhnefs of one
man, that ihe Portuguefe eftablifhment at Goa, pro-
cured by fo much labour, and already defended by
fo many brave men, was reduced to the very brink
of dclfrudion, but happily fav^jd by a miraculous in-
terpofuion of providence. Zabaim now finding all
hopes
Book XI. the PORTUGUESE, &:c. 239
hopes of taking the city to be vaniflied, again made
offers of peace to Guiterre, which was accordingly
very readily accepted. The treaty was renewed, and
the fame articles were agiin drawn up, and fealed v/ith
the uflial form.
This year queen Mary lay dangeroufly ill : flie had
never recovered her health fince the birth of her lad
fon. It was the opinion of the phyficians, that fhe
had an ulcer in her bowels. The diftemper wafted her
away by degrees, and (he died on the 7th of March
1517, in the thirty- fifth year of her age. She left
behind her eight fons, whom we have already men-
tioned. She was a lady adorned with many noble vir-
tues : the utmofl ftridners in her life and morals, eafy
and affable in her behaviour, and agreeably modeft ia
her converfation. She herfelf had the utmoft averfion
to idienefs ; nor would fhe allow any of the ladies at
court to give themfelves up to floth and indolence.
She worked many things with her own hands, endea-
vouring by example, more than words, to ftir up the
reft of her fex to the like induftrious difpofition. She
never intermeddled in public afi^airs, looking upon
this to be unbecoming a woman, Vv'hofe greatell: orna-
ment, fhe thought, confifted in a meek and modcft de-
portment. She had the higheft veneration for the
king, nor ever once attemp ed to make him fwerve
from his duty by any impertinent folicitation. She
brought up her fons with the utmoft tendernefs, though
not with too much indulgence ; never allowing them,
even in their mod childifh diverfions, to do any thing
that was contrary to the rules of ftrifl c'ecorum: and
if fhe obferved them guilty of any aclion that had the
leaft tendency to vice or imimoralify, fhe never fuf-
fered it to efcape with impunity. She was a lady of
the mofb extenfive charity, taking the greatefl plcafure
in relieving the needy and indigent. She fliewed a
maternal affedion, and royal liberjlity, in educating
young girls whom fhe took care to provide with
honourable hufbands. She was no IcG eminent for her
piety
240 The H I s T o R V of Book XL
piety and zeal for religion : this fiie not only difplayed
by the fandity of her manners, but by many ads of
munificence, in building feveral churches and religious
houfes, which v/ere furnifhed with the mofl: magnifi-
cent ornaments. It was therefore not without reafon,
that the death of fuch a queen was fo greatly lamented
throughout all Portugal. The king himfelf was mod
deeply afFcdted ; but in a fhort time he threw off all
appearance of grief : this, however, did not proceed
from a forgetful nefs of her memory, but from a regard
to his people, and piety to God, that he might tranf-
ad the affairs of his kingdom, and fet before his fub-
je6ls an example of patience and refignation.
This year Selim, the grand feignior, gained a com-
plete vidory over Campfon, the fultan of Egypt : by
this means he added all Syria and Egypt to his domi-
nions. Whilft this inveterate enemy of the Chriftian
name was thus aggrandizing himfelf, the powers in
Chriflendom were weakening themfelves by continual
feuds and animofities. This gave no little uneafinefs
to Emmanuel: he therefore fent Michael Sylvio am-
balfador to the pope, earneftly to intreat him, Thar,
laying afide all other cares, he would endeavour to
bring about peace and concord amongft the Chriftian
princes, that, with united minds and ftrength, they
might levy war againft their common enemy, and
check his growing power. Emmanuel offered all his
ftrength and wealth to carry on this enterprize, faying,
at the fame time, that nothing appeared to him more
honourable than to rifque his life in fo glorious a caufe*
But the pope's thoughts were wholly engroflcd with
other affairs, fo that he did not give ear to this requeft:
and, indeed, the Chriftian princes were at this time
arrived at fuch a pitch of madnefs, that, though his
holinefs had ufed his utmofl efforts, it is very probable
all his endeavours would have proved ineffedlual.
On the coaft of that part of Africa called Biledul-
gerid, in the province of Sus, near the river Sus,
there is the extremity of a promontory, which the in-
habitants
feookXI. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 241
habitants call Aguer, or Gere : ancient writers call ic
the promontory of Hercules. Here Emmanuel had
built a town, which was defended wich a fort and a
ftrong garrifon of foldiers. The Portugucfe, from
hence, ufed to harrals the Moors by frequent incur-
lions. The governor of the place happened this yeai*
to depart for Portugal : Xerif, taking advantage of his
abfence, invaded the territories of the Moors who were
tributary to Emmanuel, laid Watte their landsj burnt
their corh, and did many of them other confiJerable
dartiage. Zaide Boagaze, a prince of the fame coun-
try, who was in the Portuguefe intereft, went out to
meet him with a body of men. A batde enfued, in
which many were killed on both fides ; but neither of
them could claim the victory. Xerif, being enraged
that he had hot come off victorious, fent for his bro-
ther, who accordingly came with a large reinforcement.
The two brothers then, with joint forces, attacked
Boagaze ; whom, after a fevere conflidl, they totally
routed : they likewife facked ihe town of Tuil, belong-
ing to him, and committed great depredations in hia
territories.
Emmanuel was at this time extremely defirous of
getting into his poffefTion the city of Targa, in the
kingdom of Fez, about forty miles from Ceufa, that
he might flrengthen ic with a garrifon, which would
facilitate his defigns againft the city of Fez. In the
month of July he accordingly fent Diego Lopez Se-
queire, with a fleet of fixty fail, to the ftreights of
Gibraltar. He ordered him to take fifty horfe aboard
at Arzila, and as many at Tangier : thence he was to
proceed to Ceuta, to a6t in concert with Pedro Monez*
with whom he was to inveft Targa. ^ Monez was not
a little offended at this -, for he was a irian of an ambi-
tious foul, and, in cafe the expedition fhould prove
fuccefsful, did not chufe to have acollegue to fhare the
glory t however, that he might not leem to difobey
the king^s orders, he drew out his forces, and marched
to Targa with Srqueire ; but the two generals not
Vol. 1L R agree-.
iij.1 The History oF Book Xll
agreeing,' they returned without accom pi idling their
ck-iign/ "Sequeire, having difmified the troops which
he had brought: from Tangier and Arzila, held a con-
ference with" John Coutign, governor of the iaft
place-, telling him, that it made him extremely uneafy
ro think, that having failed from Portugal with fo
numerous A fleet, with fuch a confiderable army on
board, from which p.^ople h"ad the higheft expedations,
yet he had done nothing: he therefore earneftly ii>
treated Coutign to lead him to fo me place, where he
'might atchieve fomewhat, that would procure him re-
putation at his return to Portugal. Coutign 'was pre-
vailed upon, and they accordingly marched with a
confiderable force into a country belonging to the ene-
niy, where they deftroyed feveral villages, took many
prifoners, and drove off fome cattle ; but meeting with
no army to oppofe them, they again returned to Ar-
z:ia. A few days after Sequeire, extremely out of
humour, embarked his forces for Portugal.
Soon after Duarte Monez and John Coutign, with
joint forces, invaded the lands adjoining to Alcazar-
quivir, where they made great depredations, killed
feveral of the Moors, and got a confiderable booty.
The governor of that place came out to oppofe them
with a body of men. Our people, left they fhould be
too much encumbered with the plunder, left a large
part of ir,.and proceeded with the remainder: the ene-
my followed them clofely, but declined coming to ac-
tion ; i'o that the Portuguefe got off fafe with their
booty.
' Nor in the mean while did Pedro Mafcaregn, go-
vernor of SafHa, remain inadlive •, for having received
iihtelligence, that the "Moors of Ganema had revoked,
he attacked them^ unawares; and having killed feveral,
lie reduced the reft under 'fiibjeftion. He was likewife
informed by a' Moor, whofe brother was his prifoner,
^hat, the tribes of Dabida had formed a defign to make
h general dtfc^libn,' and to live at large oh the otht'r
tributaries. • For this difcovery he thanked the Moor,
1 ^ • and
Book XI. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 243
and fee his brother at Uberty -, and imnricdiately dif-
patched his brother Pedro and Francifco Camera with
three hundred cavalry, and a proportionable number of
foot, to attack the rebels. They accordi'^iy Rt out
in the evening, and marched that night twenty-four
miles. Next morning they came to an engagement,
in which, after having partly killed the enemy, and
partly driven them to fiighr, they gained a complete
vidory, and returned with a confiderable booty and
many prifoners. At this tinie a report prevailed, thac
the king of Fez was levying a formidable army, with
which he intended to march to S.iffia^ to inveft thac
place with the utmoff vigour. King Emmanuel being
informed of this by Mafcaregn, fent a large reinforce-
ment of his choiceft troops. Amongfl: thefe was Gun-
diflalvo Mendez Zacot, a gentleman of the mod dif-
tinguifhed bravery, whofe prefence gave the higheft
fatisfadlion to Malcaregn, as well as to the v/hole Por-
tuguefe foldiery. But tlie king of Fez, either tmbar-
ralled by other cares, or deterred by the fupplies lately
arrived at Saffia, dropt this refolution.
Whilft thefe things were tran faded in Africa, Fer-
nando Pedro Andrade, who, as have mentioned above,
having failed for China, was driven back to Malacca
by contrary winds. At his arrival he found the city
diftraclcd, by a contention betwixt two of the Portu*
guefe oiiicers. George Britto had been feizcd with a
diftemper, which carried him off. After his deceafe
there was a high difpute betwixt Nonez Vafco Pereira
and Antonio Pacheco, who both laid claim to the go-
vernment. The former faid, that tliis truft had been
committed to him by Bi^itto, when dying, before fevcral
witnefles ♦, and that he could nv)t, without the higheil
difhonour, give up his right to another. Pacheco, 011
the other hand, ailedged, that ic had been frttled as a
ftanding rule by Albuqu' rque, diat, in cafe the go-
vernor fliould die, hin poft (hould devolve on him who
'had ihe care of naval nffairs (which onice P*acheco then
enjoyed) s* and on this fcore he founded his pretenfions,
R 2 and
2r44. The History of Book XK
3nd claimed the government of Malacca. Andrade
exerted his ntmoft efforts, but in vain, to adjuft the
difpute. This 1 thought proper to recite, that from
thence it may appear that the Portuguefe empire in the
Eaft fecmed to be preferved by the immediate favour
of heaven. Inteftine broils and diffentions amongft
the great men of a ftate, have often proved fatal to>
and overthrown, the moft powerful and ancient king-
doms as well as commonwealths. To what caufcy
then fhall we afcribe it, but to the Divine Aid, that
colonies lb remote from their mother-country, far-
rocind«d by enemies, and defended by fo fmall a num-
ber of them, and thefe too not devoted to the public
fervice, but hurried on by the didates of ambition :
to what,! fay, can we impute it, but to the particular
goodntfs of the Deity, that, amidl^ ^1 thefe dangers^
they were preferved in fafety ?
In the month of June 151 7, Andrade failed again
from Malacca. On the 15th of Auguft he reached
Tamanlabua, an illand belonging to China, about four
leagues from the continent. At that time the fea
thereabouts ufed to be infeited with pirates : for this
iieafon the emperor of China had fent out a large fleet
to cruize there, for the protedion of the merchant-
Ihips. The admiral was not a little furprized at the
unufual form of the Portuguefe fliips, and,, taking
them for pirates, prepared for an engagement: but
Andrade, having given no fignal of any hoftile inten-
tion, proceeded without obftrudion to the ifiand of
Tama, wliere he came to an anchor with his fleet.
The Chinefe admiral fent to enquire who our people
were, whence they had come^ and on what account
they failed into thefe parts. Andrade made anfwer,
* That he was a Portuguefe, the fubjefl of a moft il*
* luftrious prince in the Weftern regions : that his
^ royal mafter having heard of the wealth, power, and
* renown of the emperor of China, was defirous of
* entering into a friendfliip and treaty with fo great a
*^ monarch, which might tend to their mutual advan-
-^ taac/
BookXl the PORTUGUESE, &c; 2^5
* tage.* He faid likewlfe, * That he wanted pilots
* to lleer the fleet for the port of Canton, that the
* Porttiguefe envoy might proceed from thence to the
< metropoh's where the emperor refided, to dehver the
* letters and in{f.ru6tions from his Portugude majcfty.*
The Chinefe admiral faid, that he would go diredly
to Nanto, a city about fixty miles from Canto, in order
to inform the governor of the arrival of our people.
Andrade waited his return for feveral days; but grow-
ing impatient, he fet fail with two of his fhips and
Ibme long-boats, and came to anchor in that port.
The harbour of Nanto is furrounded with a magnifi-
cent pier, built of fquare ftones, to the top of which
there ds an afcent by a Eight of Heps. There is an
ifland near the entrance, fortified with a large tower ;
here the grandees entertain flrangers with great magni-
ficence. The governor of the city, who is called
Tutang, invited Apdrade to an entertainment in this
place 5 bur, on a pretence of being indifpofed, he ex-
eufed himfelf from partaking of their cheer, left he
fhould have been obliged to eat to excefs, of food to
which he was unaccuftomed. He held a converfation
with the Tutang, and feveral of the mandarins, to
whom he communicated the particulars of his in ft ruc-
tions 5 and having trufted to their care the Portuguefe
ambafTador, who was to be conduced to the emperor,
he returned to Tama, where he remained fourteen
months : for he had been ordered to examine the fitua-
tion of the country, and to inform himfelf in every
particular relating to the manners and cuftoms of the
inhabitants. In the mean while great nun^bers of mer-
chants reforted hither from different countries, imports
ing various commodities, but efpecially gold. With
thefe Andrade converfed frequently, and aflced many
queflions, and received the highefl fatisfaftion from
their information. He likcwife fent George Mafca-
regn, with feme of the Chinefe pilots, to fail along
the coatf, that he might bring an account of what he
had feet:^ and heard by report. Mafcaregn being at
R 3 length
t4^ ' The History of Book Xfl
kngth recalled, (the fcafon for falling being now at
hand) Andrade, before his departure, gave public no-
lice in the city by a crier. That ihe Chinefe fhould leE
him know if any of his men were in their debt, or
had been guilty of any fraud or injuftice •, for he de-
clared, that he would not fail 'till they had received
fatisfct6lion. This proceeding of Andrade was extreme-
ly grateful to iht Chinefe-, not that they could make
any complaint of our peopie, but becaufe it gave them
the higheft idea of the equity and judice of the Por-
tuguefe nation. And if all the Portuguefe, who went
afterwards to this country, had acfed with the fame
candour, our ftrength might have been much greater
in thefe parts •, for the power and intereft of a people
55 not to be increafed lo much by force of arms, as by
the fame of their honour and juftice.
China is a moft large and extenfive empire. On
the Eaft and South it is wafhed by the ocean: on the
Weft it is bounded by the Indian territories ; and on
the North by a ridge of high mounrains, perpetually
i^overed with fnow and ice : here they are 1 kewife bor-
dered on by the Scythians, or Tartars, with whom they
waged continual war. They are, hov/ever, pretty
y/ell defended from their inroads by the mountains,
and by a prodigious ftrong and extenfive wall. The
Tartars excelling in llreng h of body, and warlike
prowefs, by this means have frequently defeated the
Chinefe j who, in their turn, have as often got the
better by their fuperiority in art and ftratagem. The
country is extremely fertile, not only abounding with
all the neceffaries of life^ but alfo with every thing
which elegance or luxury can demand. Thofe in the
fouthero parts of China are of a black co'o.ir ; but the
northern inhabitants are fair in their complexion. The
people in general live very elegantly, anci feaft fump-
fuoudy. They wear filk, cotton, or woollen cioaths,
varying their drefs as the fealon of the year requires*
In winier thofe in the cojciefl parts of the country line
d|dr do^ths with the flcins of various animals, They
" . . ' ^' ' ' ^ often
Book XL the P O R TU G U E S E, &c. 247
pftcn ride, and their horfes are covered with the rich-
eft furniture. Their way of living, in feveral rcfpeds,
refembles that of the French and Germans. They
frequently give themfelves up to mirth and joHity ; and
when in this humour, take their cups very freelyj,
They arc a people extremely addicted 10 venery. Their
women are feldom to be fcen in public places ; and are
carried through -the (treets in clofc fedans, covered
with the richcO:' embroidered filks. They take vatl
delight in mufick., both vocal and inltrumental; and
often relax themfclves vviih entertainments of this nar
jture. They -have .gr-eat faith in aftrology and predic-
tion.; and fuck perlons as. pretend to under fband thefe
dark arts, are held in-, the highefl veneration. ; They
apply themfelv^s much to. the-ftudy of mathematicks
and agronomy. Their hiilories, or any other per-
formances which they have a mind to itranfmit to
pofterity, are -cafl off franr plates of brafs : this is aii
art which ^has -been of fuch long flanding amongft
them, that the name of the inventor is buried in obli-
vion. Their houfes are extremely beaiuiful, being
built v/ith no lefs tafle than grandeur. Their temples
are large and magnificent, being adorned vvith variety
of paintings and images. Although they woriliip
many idols, yet they believe in one God as the creator
of all things, to whom they offer up their prayers and
fupplications. They have an image of a woman called
Mamma, whom they account to be an advocate v^ith
God for mankind ; and, for that re-afon, pay divine
honours to this idol. They have likew-ife the image
of a virgin, who, a$ they-fav, was an emperor's daugh-
ter; and, when on earth, laid afide all wordly affairs,
that fiie might devote herfelf to the ftudy of religion :
her they account lobe a deity, wlio is -the guardian
and patronefb of the Chinefe nation. They have alfo
a third idol, which they hold in high efteem : this is
the image of a man, who, while he lived in this
world, was confpicuous for his bravery, as Well as niany
other virtues, and perforrned feveral miraculous ex-
R 4 ^loxs.
2 4^ The History of Book XI.
ploits. In particular, that he once in armour fwam
over a very broad river to aflift his countrymen, when
almoft overpowered by the enemy. They believe this
man was deiSed on account of his extraordinary merit,
and accordingly pay him divine honours. They have
likewife many more idols and pagods, which they
worfliip on flated days. There are amongft the Chi-
nefe feveral houfes fet apart for religious men, who,
retiring from the world, give themfelves up to the
fludy of religion. There are likewife placed of the
fame nature for the women.
The Chinefe are excellent mechanicks, and fine
painters. They give themfelves very much to htera-
lure, and thofe v/ho make the greateft proficiency arc
highly honoured. The men of learning amongft them
fludy a certain ancient language, with which the vul-
gar is unacquainted, as we Europeans learn the Greek
and Roman languages. The law is accounted to be
the moft honourable proftfTion. They have the great-
eft veneration for their fovereign, whom they a'moft
worfhip as a deity : he very feldom fhews himielf to
his fubjeds. The people are divided into three clafTes :
in the firft, which is the moft honourable, are included
thofe who have ftudied and are acquainted with the
laws and inftitutions of their country. The fecond
rank of honour is afligned to the military gentlemen 5
and the third comprehends all artifts and mechanicks.
It is ufual for every one, of whatever art or profefTion,
to undergo examination by thofe of fkill and know-
ledge. There are feveral degrees of ihefe trials ; and
if a perfon has a mind to afpirc to the higheft dignity,
he muft go through them all gradually, 'till" at laft he
undergoes the ftricleft examination by the moft emi-
nent and learned men. If a perfon has met with ap-
probation, after all tliefe trials, then he is admitted to
the greateft honours in the (late. They are extremely
rigorous in puniHiing crimes. They allow none, not
even the blind, to go a-begging % for thefe earn thtir
living by working hand mills. They don't chufe to
^diTii|
Book XL the PORTUGUESE, &c. 249
admit Joreigners into their cities, left, by this means,
their own manners and cuftoms might be corrupted.
They are not a little fond of comic entertainments ;
and fo much are they given to letchery and lewdnefs,
that they have contrived the moft obfcene poftures.
They are faid to believe in daemons and fpirits, whom
they pretend to confult. This much may fuffice con-
cerning the manners and cuftoms of the Chinefe.
Andrade behaved to them with fo much politenefs
and complaifance, that from hence they conceived the
higheft idea of the honour, friendftiip, and prudence
of the Portuguefe nation. At his return to Malacca
he found Alexo Monez, whom Soarez had fent, in-^
vefted with full power to put an end to the difpute,
and to fettle the affairs of Malacca. He likewife re-
ceived the care of the fleet from Andrade, who im-
mediately failed to hither India, and from thence re-
turned to Portugal. He gave Emmanuel a particular
account of the cuftoms of the Chinefe, and beftowed
the higheft encomiums on their civility and ingenuity,
and fhewed him feveral of their paintings and figures.
His Portuguefe majefty flattered himfelf with the
agreeable thoughts, that he fhould be able to propa-
gate the Ghriftian religion amongft this people : but a
few years after all his hopes were blafted, by the mad-
nefs of Simon Andrade, a man of bravery, though
rafli 10 the laft degree, and greatly inferior to his bro-
ther in humanity and prudence. For having failed
with a fleet to China, after he had built a fort there,
and, as he thought, fecurcd the Portuguefe power, he
then began to play the tyrant, and to a6l in the moft
arbitrary manner. He made plunder of what ha
pleafed : he offered violence to feveral women of dif-
tindion, and committed fo many outrages, that the
Chinefe, being exafperated, fell on the Portuguefe,
killed many of them, and took feveral pri Toners : An-
drade, however, efcaped with all his cflTeds. The re-
port of Andrade's behaviour having reached the empe-
for of China, he difmiflTed the ^mbaflTador j who, when
he
■2 so The H I s T 0 R Y of Book XI.
he came to Canton, was thrown into gaol by the citi-
zens, where he died in a miferable manner. Thus it
often happens, that what is done by wifdom and pru-
dence, is undone by rarhnefs. Thefe things we though^
proper to recite concerning ths Chinefe, that we may
not have occafion afterwards to interrupt our hiftory.
But to return to the affairs of India. The prince of
the Maldives, and the king of Bengal, having received
feveral injuries from the Portuguefe after the death of
Albuquerque, had, for that reafon, thrown off their
allegiance to Emmanuel. Soarez Tent John Sylvei.re
with four fhips, to try to regain the affedtions of thefe
princes. He touched firft at the Maldive iflands, the
king of which was prevailed on to renew the treaty of
friendmip. He (ailed next for Cambaya, where he had
the fame fuccefs. In his return from this coaft he
came to anchor at Cochin, where he remained for fomc
time, to take in a fupply of provifion. Thence he
proceeded for Benga', a large and extenfive country,
watered by the Ganges. This is a very deep and
broad river, which divides hither from farther India,
and runs into the bay of Bengal at two different
mouths, three hundred miles diflant from each other.
The water of this river is extremely wholfome; and is
thought by the people thereabouts to have fo much vir-
tue, that it not only expels diftempers of the body,
but allb purifies their minds, when tainted with guilt
and wicked nefs : for this reafon they bathe themfelves
in it frequently. The foil of the country is very rich
and fertile. The natives are black, though at the fame
time well fhaped, and of a graceful appearance. They
live fumptuoufly, and dreis with elegance. They are
very much addi(5led to venery and gluttony, as well as
many oiher vices. They are a people altogether void
of faith and honour, piquing themfelves on their fupe-
riority^in artifice and deceit. They are moflly Pagans
in their r-ligion, though at the fame time there are
ieveral Mahometans amongft them. :
Sylveire^
'&'
BookXr. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 251
. Sylveire, having come into the port of Chatingam,
fent the governor notice of his arrival, who ffemcd to
make our people extremely welcome, fending Sylveire
feveral prdents, and making the moft friendly proteHa-
tions. But ail this was the higheft diffimulation ; for
an engagement foon after enfued betwixt our people
and thofe of Bengal : in this the latter were defeated,
and obliged to give hoilage?. The governor then be-
haved with the utmoft iliew of civility ; and fo far
©won the affedions of Sylveire, that he delivered up the
hoitages ; but this difiembler no fooner received them
than he had recourfe to his ufual artifice. However,
being again worfted, he became extremely fubmiffive,
and once more fued for peace. Soon after Sylveire
received a letter from the governor of Daraca, inviting
him to bring his fleet into that port. This man, in his
letter, exclaimed againft the governor of Chatingam
as a perfidious villain ♦, adding, that he would certainly
be puniihed by the king for his behaviour. He like-
wife f.nt feveral prefents to the Portuguefe commander,
in order to induce him to accept of the invirarion.
This was all a contrivance of the governor of Chatin-
gam, to draw our people into an ambufli. Sylveire,
however, without thiQ lead fufpicion of fraud, failed
for Daraca : as foon as he entered the river, the king
having received intelligence thereof, immediately fent
out a numerous fleet, which had like to have demo-
lifhed the Portuguefe ; but, at lafl. fraud v/as over-
come by bravery. Sylveire, after having defeated the
enemy, fleered his courfe to the iOand of Ceilon, v/ich
his fnips fhattered mofl terribly, and the number lef-
fened ; for John Fidalgo, who commanded one of
.them, had left him mofl: fhamefully.
About this time Antonio Saldagna, who had been
cruizing in the Arabian fea with a confiderable fieet, re>
turned to India (for the winter now approachedj ; but
had done nothing memonvble.
Emmanuel Laceida, who had been fent to Dio, v/as
feceived by Melichiar in the molt honourable manner,
' with
1E5? The History of Book XL
with whom he confirmed the treaty of friendlhip,
Alexo Monez, as we laid above, failed to Malacca with
three hundred Portugnefe. At his arrival there, pur-
fuant to his inftru6lions from Emmanuel, he gave th<;
command of the fort to Alphonfo Lopez Coda, and
placed Duarte Melos over the naval affairs. He like-
wife fet at hberty Antonio Pacheco^ who, during the
late difTention, had been put under xronfinement by
NoRez Pereira. Malacca was at this time involved in
a tedious war. The king of Bantam had fixed or ao
ilation on the river Muar, which he had fortified with
.a battery and a ftrong garrifon, defigning to attack the
Portuguefe both by fea and land. Monez fent Al-
phonfo Lopez Cofta with three hundred Portuguefe,
three .thoufand Malaccans, and many perfons of dif-
tinction, in order, if pofiible, to deftroy this work.
When Alphonfo approached the place, it was then low
water ; fo that the fliips could not fail up the river 'till
the tide flowed. In the mean while, our people and
the enemy plied each other with their cannon at a
diftance, and many fell on both fides. As the tide
came in apace, they came nearer to one another, and
the fight by degrees became more clofe and warm,
The PoriiTgucfe w^re likely that day to have come off
with great honour, had it not been owing to a quarrel
betwixt Alphonfo and George Mafcaregn ; which rofe
to fuch a height, that they defified from this encerprize,
and returned to Malacca, without accomplifliing their
defign.
The king of Bantam, finding he could not gain his
€nds by open force, had recourfe to fraud. He pre-
tended to be defirous of coming to an accommodation,
and accordingly fued for peace from Alexo, who,
being at that time greatly pinched for want of provi-
fions, granted it very readily. The king now, by all
his behaviour, endeavoured to give our people the
highefl opinion of his fincerity and friendfhip. The
Portuguefe, on the other hand, ftrove to requite him
by all the friendly offices in their power 5 fp that there
wajs
Book XL the PORTUGUESE, Sec. 253
was a mutual emulation in friendftiip and dvilicy.
When the king, by this fhew of complaifance, had
rendered our people void of fufpicion and unguarded^
he fuddenly fenc out feventy (hips (which he had fitted
out privately) to attack the fort by Tea •, and, at the
l^e time, fent two thoufand men by land to fall
upon the Portuguefe unawares. The fleet having ac-
cordingly failed to the ifland adjoining to the city^
they fell upon our people when afleep, killed many of
them, and attempted to burn the Fortuguefe fliips.
It happened to be very rainy and tempefluous weather,.
{6 that the (liips, being wet, did not catch fire. The
ihouts and noife akrmed our people : Alexo, being
rouzed, fent fome of his officers to the ifland, where
an engagement enfued, which lafled 'till mid-day^
when the enemy were repulled. At the fame time
thofe who had come afhore, together with many of
the faithlefs citizens, had attacked the fort with greac
vigour. The king fent feveral fupplies, together with
fome elephants •, and the affair was carried on with
equal warmth by the befieged, as well as the affailants.
But at the return of our people from the ifland, the
enemy, then remitting fomewhat of their fury, began
to give ground, and were at laft driven to flight.
Many of them were killed on the fpot, and feveral
taken prifoners. Neverthelels the king refolved to
befiege the fort with a more numerous army : he
accordingly ftormed it for ^evQn days fuccelTively.
The Fortuguefe were at the fame time forely afflicled
with famine -, yet, notwithftanding ail their difficulties,
they made feveral fallies on the befiegers, and did
them confiderable damage. Monez at laR fell on an-
expedient, by which he dcfbroyed the enemy's flatioa
at Muar with no great difficulty.
There was a nobleman of Java, a perfon of great
wealth and power, v^^ho failed for Malacca, where he
defigned to fettle with his wife and family, and all his
efFeds. But when he came upon that coaff, he was
taken by fome of the king of Bantarn's officers, and
brought
^44* The History of Book XI,
brought before that prince, who received him very
kindly, and at laft prevailed on him to prefer Bantam
to Malacca for his refidence. The king treated him
afterwards with the higheft marks of friend fhip ; but
it appeared by many particulars, that all this civility
proceeded from a palTion he had conceived for the
Javan's v/ife, who Vv^as a woman of extraordinary
beauty. In order to carry on his intrigue he fent the
hufband to fea with a command of fhips, who, being
a man of great courage, behaved excremely well, and
did our people cpnfiderable damage. But the Javan
having afterwards difcovered the lull of the king, as
well as his perfidy in many refpe6ls, deferted to the
Portuguefe. Monez received him with the higheft
refped', and communicated to him his defire of attack-
ing the enemy's flation at Muar. This man under-
took the affair;, and having kt out with one hundred
and twenty Portuguefe and a few Malaccans, fome of
whom were conveyed by lea, and others marched by
land, he Ml on the enemy unawares, broke into their
fortifications, and quickly got pofTefTion of this bul**
wavk. The Javan had the misfortune to be killed by
a cannon- fhor, and fome of the Portuguefe like wife
fell in this a.Tair. Emmanuel Falcon*, who marched
the forces by land, had his leg broke. Our people,
however, deftroyed many of the enemy, and re-
mained mailers of the fiauon. "They carried off from
thence above feventy pieces of cannon to their fort ac
^/ialacca.
By this means the war ceafed, and the governor of
Malacca having fent Triftan Monez ro examine the
Molucca ifiands^ he himfelf returned to hither India,
•wiih the greateii: part of the Portuguefe. However,
aFter his .departure, the war broke out again, and the
•fort fufl;ained a clofe fiege for feventeen days. The
enemy threw burning torches into (;ne of 'he Portu-
glile galleys, and irito two other fnips belonging to
their allies. Our people lallied out to extii guilh the
fire 5 whiifl they were engaged with the enemy, 'Aw.
powder
BookXI. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 255
powder in Gago's fhip unluckily took fire, which
blew her up, and all aboard were deflroyed. Diego
Mendez the commander of another fliip, was killed
by a ca.inon bullet. The Portuguefe, however, extin-
guifhed the fire, and at la(t repulfed the enemy, who,
when they law what lolTes they had fuftained, and
that the citizens of Malacca remained faithful to our
people, fighting bravely under the Bendar, being dif-
couraged they raifed the fiege, and the king of Bantam
from this time gave overall hoflilities. In thefe ren«
counters the Portuguefe lofl about eighteen of their
men. About four hundred of the enemy were killed,
and many taken prifoners : amongft thefe was a.
fon of a prince in Siam : The father, as a ranfom for
his fon fent a large fhip to Malacca loaded with pro-
vifions, which proved a mod feafonable relief to our
people.
This year Emm.anuel fent a fleet of ten (hips to
India, under the command of Lopez Sequeire, who
was to fucceed Soarez in the government. After
they had turned the cape, a fifh of a monftrous bulk
ran foul upon John de Lemos*s fhip, with fo much
force, that the vefTel was thrown upon one fide, and
kept in this pofition for fome tirhe.
The failors and pilots imagined we had ftruck upon
a rock, but when they perceived her feams tight,
and that fhe did not leak, they then beg,un to be
of courage, and the fifh being driven from the fhip,
fhe proceeded on her courfe. The fleet arrived at
Goa on the 8th of September, at which time Soarez
was bufy in building a fort in the ifle of Ceylon,
according to inflruccions from Em.manuel. Soon
after his arrival at Columbo, in that ifland, he had
obtained this liberty from the king. But his majefly
being afterwards influenced by the Arabians, not only
refufed what he had already promifcd, but likewife
made hoilile preparations againft our people. In the
night time he Rationed ftrong garrifons of foldiers,.
and planted feveral batteries, which began to play on
the
&56 The H I s T 0 R Y oF Book Xl*
the Portugiiefe with great fury. Soarez having im-
mediately landed his foldiers, a battle enfued, in
which Veriffimo Pacheco, a nobleman of great gal-
lantry, was killed, and feveral were likewife wounded*
The enemy, neverthelefs, after having fuffered great
(laughter^ were at laft driven fi'om their ftations. The
king became a fupplianr, and fued for peace, which
was accordingly granted^ ori conditio^ he allowed a
fort to be ereded, and, as a punifhment for his latC
rafhnefs, that he fhould pay a yearly tribute to Em-
manuel. The tribute was to be a certain number of
diamonds, and a large quantity of cinnamon. Soarez
on the other hand, engaged that the king fhould
henceforth be under the protedion of the Portuguefe^
who would alTift and defend him againft all the attacks
of his enemies. The treaty being accordingly con^
eluded, was confirmed by oath, and the articles were
(igned by the king, and feveral of the nobility, as
well as by Soarez. The fort, by the afTiftance of the
inhabitants, being foon finifhed, was entrufted to John
Sylveire, and the care of naval affairs committed to
Antonio Miranda. Soarez then returned to Cochin,
where he found Sequeire, to whom he delivered up
the government of India, and from thence departed
for Portugal.
Sequeire immediately applied himfelf to the bufi-
nefs of his government with great alTiduity, He
fent Chiftopher Soufa to reduce the city of Dabul,
which had revolted from Emmanuel. He difpatched
Alphonfo Monez to ftorm Batical, and ordered John
de Gomez to build a fort in the Maldive iflands, but
this man wa? unforrunately killed by the Arabians of
C ambaya. Sequeire failt^d for Goa, and in his Courfe
thither, carefully examined the forts of Cananor and
Calicut. Soon after his arrival at Goa, he fent An-
tony Saldagna to the Arabian fea with a large f^eet,
to harrafs the Arabians. He ordered Simon Andrade
10 fail to China, who as we faid above, by his mad
behaviour.
BookXL the PORTUGUESE, &c. 257
behaviour, ah'enated the afFcilions of that p.^ople from
the Portiiguefe. He depured Antony Correa to wait
on the king of Pegu, with propofals of peace and
friendfhip. By his permifTion, Garcia Sala went to
tranfad fome bufinefs at Malacca. Garci.i, at his ar-
rival there, found Alphonfo Lopez Coda, in a very
bad ftate of health ; for the recovery of which he
fet out for Hither India, and at his departure, en-
trufted the fort to Garcia. Alphonfo arrived at Cochin
but a few days after, where he was carried off by his
diftemper.
Whilft thefe things were tranfaded in India, the
Portuguefe in Africa made feveral incurfions on the
inhabitants of mount Farrob, thofe of Benanarim, and
the neighbouring parts, and did them confiderable da-
mage. This rouzed the refentment of Abrahem,
Barraza's (on, who refolved to revenge thefe hoftili-
ties. He accordingly marched fecretly in the night,
with five hundred cavahy, and placed them, in am-
bufh in the villages adjacent to the lands of Arzila,
lyirg towards Tangier. He likewife fenc out Aroaze,
to reconnoitre as far as the watch towers ofAlfandaquim.
Coutign knew Aroaze to be a fhrev/d and active man,
and was accordingly very cautious to guard againft
his artifices. For this reafon, he never fent out any
fcouts from the city, without always afTigning thera
fome cavalry for a convoy. Coutign had accord-
ingly, at this time, difpatched fome fcouts, whom
Aroaze watched narrowly till they had taicen their
nations. Then he gave intelligence to Abrahem, who
having marched out in great filence from his place of
ambufcade, advanced towards the Portuguefe, who
when rhey faw the firft line of the enemy, thought
proper to retreat : but the Moors halted, Fernando
Gallsco, commander of the party which was f<-nt
to prot(:6t the fcouts, when he faw the enemy ftop,
attacked them. They retreated in good order, nil
they drew our people co their fecond line, 'A'hi:h Cal-
li^co had not perce.ved. About feventcen of the For-
VoL. 11. 5 ' lugucfe
258 The History of Book XT,
lugucfe were killed, and the reft driven to flight. In
the way by which they were to retreat, there was a
narrow lake : here Lewis Valens, a man of great cou-
rage, p'aced himfelf. He encouraged our people,
ar.d oppofcd himfelf againft the enemy; nor did he
move from thence, till the Poituguefe had pafTed over
ihe lake •, fo that by his condud: and bravery they
were brought off in good order. Abrahem, in his re-
turn home, v/as fet upon by Antonio Mafcaregn, and
four more horfemen, who were all taken prisoners in
this rafb attempt. Mafcaregn was treated by the king
of Fez in the kindeft manner, but the plague then
raging amongft the Moors, he caught the infediion,
and died.
. At this time Emmanuel recalled Pedro Sou fa, and
gave the government of Azamor to Alvaro Norhog-
na, who made peace with many of the MooriQi chiefs,
impofing on them a reafonable tribute; and he re-
duced many of the rebellious and refradlory. On the
17th of April he laid wade the lands of Benemez,
killed many of the inhabitants, and carried off two
hundred and eighty prifoners, together with a con-
fiderable booty. On the mionth of June he fent
Vafco Fernando Cs^far to attack a body of the Moorifh
cavalry. Valco accordingly fell upon them unawares,
took eight hundred piifoners, and having got con-
fiderable plunder, returned to the city, without the
lofs of one man. In Auguft Antonio Gundiffalvo,
purfuant to Norhogna's inftru6lions, {tt upon a body
of their infantry, whom, after an obffinate refiftance,
he totally defeated, and brought feveral of them into
captivity. This fame month, fome of the confederates
petitioned for a reinforcement from Norhogna, to
attack the Moors of Enxovia, and to get a fupply^
of corn from thence. They accordingly proceeded
on this expedition; but two hundred of the enemy
coming in fighr, the confederates imagined that there
were a greater number lying in ambufh. Being al-
larmed with this apprehenfion, they, fied to the firft
line :
Book XI. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 259
line: the Portuguefe in the laft line, being now Jcfc
alone to fuftain the fhock, many of them were taken
prifoners, and the reft made a (hameful retreat. The
blame, however, was not to be iaid on ihem, but on
thofe who deftrted them. Nor could the Portuguefe
who were prelent at this adtion, think on it witnouc
the utmoft indignation.
At this time Emmanuel was perplexed with various
cares. Being now unincumbered wich a wife, he
was defirous of devoting the remainder of his hfe
to fome great" and glorious exploits. He therefore
relblved to give up the adminiftration of the kingdom
to his fon John and the council, and to go to Algarve ;
that from thence he might pafs over into Africa; and
being rid of all other cares, he defigned in perfon to
carry on the war againfi: the Moors, and to propagate
the Chriftian religion. But he was diverted from this
refolution by a fee of perfidious courtiers, whofe artifi-
ces he ought to have defeated not by the alteration
of his defign, but by exemplary punifhmenr. For ac-
cording to the cuilom of mankind, who are apt to
meafurc things more by their own covetous defires
than by the rules of faith and honour, thefe men be-
gan todifregard Emmanuel, who; they thought could
not hve long, and turned their whole thoughts on John,
from whom they expelled greater and more lafting ho-
nours. They accordingly endeavoured by all their
arts, to infinuate themfeives into the favour of the
young prince, who was by nature of a good and vir-
tuous difpofition, bur his youth and inexperience made
him fomewhac open to tricks and ftratagems. They
detraded greatly from the praifes of Emmanuel,
frying he was a man who employed his thoughts
more on erecting magnificent buii-dings than keepkig
up the royal dignity ; that he debafed the importance
of his charader, by mean condefcenfion ; and fuch
was the eafinefs of his temper, that he granted any
one accefs to his pre fence, and entered into cpnverfa-
tion with the lowed of his fjbjedts j thtit he like-
S 2 wife
2^0 The History of Book XI.
wife liivifhed away the wealth of his kingdom •, and, in
fliorr, that he wanted many noble qualities which
ought to adorn a prince. They therefore told John,
if he was defirous of becoming a great and illuitrious
monarch, that he fhould follow a quite different courfe
from his father, and by no means allow himfelf to be
become common, and grow into contempt. John
was a prince of the utmoft piety, mildnefs, and be-
nevolence, and had the higheft affedlion for his fa-
ther-, yet fo far was he influenced by the repeated
ipeeches of thefe men, that he began to difapprove the
behaviour and condu6t of Emmanuel •, and refolved,
when he came to the crown, to proceed on a quite,
different plan, thinking by this means to acquire glory
and renown. He was likewife furroxinded by fomc,
who endeavoured to perfuade him, that to a6l ac-
cording to one's own inchnations was the moff prince-
ly prerogative. To have the will checked or con-
trouled, they faid, was fuitcd to flaves, but highly un-
becoming the regal power.
Emmanuel being informed of thefe things, was now
afraid if he left the government to his fon, who was
furrounded with flatterers, that he fhould be defpifed
by him, and the kingdom would be greatly endan-
gered by the artifices of thefe deligning men. For
this reafun he determined to lay alide his fcheme of
refigning the fovereignty to his ion; and refolved to
marry iigain. He accordingly follicited ' the empe-
ror Charles to give him in marriage his fifler Eleanor,
a lady of great beauty and merit, whom he had former-
ly fought for his Ton John. Pedro Govean was the
perfon he had {^nt inro Germany for that purpofe.
But now fo much had he changed his mind, that he
defired her for his own wife. This became matter of
great lJ3eculation, and drew upon him the cenfure of
many of his flibjeds. ' Our king,' faid they, * who
* has hitherto aded with the tendernefs of a father to-
' wards us, feems now to negled: the intereit of his
' people. How can a widow prince fifty years old,
and
Book XL the PORTUGUESE, &c. iGi
« and encumbered with fo many children, Induce the
* emperor's filter to a match fo unfuitable to her
*'age, but by lavifhing away the wealth of his king-
' dom. His fon might have had a large patrimony
* with her, but Emmanuel muft take her portion-
* lefs, and be obliged to fettle upon her a considerable
* dowry. He has already eight fon«, and perhaps
* may have as many more by his new wife. How
* will he be able to provide for fo numerous an
* offspring out of fo fmall a kingdom. What ho-
* nours, what poficfTions will he be able to beflow
* on the royal progeny, that they may not be mingled
' with die reft of the people, and forced ro get their
* living in fome ordinary manner. Befides, to make
' up for fuch a difparity of years, he muft be obliged
' to be extremely uxorious; and in the management
* of his kingdom will very probably not confult his
' own glory and fame, but adl according to the will
* and pleafure of his beautiful confort.' This was the
talk of many of the Portuguefe, concerning the king's
intended marriage. Emmanuel, however, remuned
fixed in his refolution. Accordingly, when the em-
peror Charles came from the Netherlands into Spain,
to fettle the inheritance of that kingdom, he fent to
him Alvaro Cofta, his lord chamberlain, as an em-
baflador. The pretence of this embafTy, was to con-
gratulate his imperial majefty on his arrival in Spain,
but in reality to bring about the marriage. In this
Cofta fucceeded. The match was agreed upon ;
Charles, fetded a dowry on his fiRer, and ftje received
confiderable prefents fent by Emmanuel. Several
holidays were kept on this occafion, and the matri-
monial treaty v/as celebrated at Caragoca, where
Charles then refided, with univerfal mirth and re-
joicing. As Emmanuel was fo nearly related by
blood and affinity to Eleanor, it was therefore ne-
cefTary, before the marriage could be confumated, to
have a difpenfation from the pope-, which was accord-
ingly very readily granted by his holincfs. When
S 2 Emmanuel
262 The History oF Book XI.
Emmanuel received the news of the marriage being
concluded, it gave him vaft pleafure, but it had a
quite different effe6l on the nobility, and the reft of
his people. It vexed John above all, not that he
himJelf defired this matriage, but becaufe he thought
It would be extremely prejudicial to the intereft of
the kingdom. Emmanuel having fummoned a coun-
cil or his nobles, made a fpeech to them, wherein he
fcrt forfh i he reafons for his marriage ; with which all
pi'til-nt were extremely iluished, or at lead: appeared
to be fo, fo that they might not give offence to his
majefty. All of them in order, according to cuftom,
killed his hand, and wifhed him joy and happinefs
in his marriage.
About this time, the plague broke out at Lifbon^
v/hich obliged his majefty ta remove to Almeiiia.
From thence he went to Crato, a fimous town be-
longing to the order of hofpitallers, where he intended
to wait the arrival of his queen. Eleanor accordingly
camiC to the Conines of Portugal, attended by feve-
ral of the Spanifh nobility. The Portuguefe nobles
came to receive her at a little river called Severo, which
divides Porti^gal from Cafiile. Mardn Albicaftro,
Conde di Villa nova Portu mano, a town in Algarve,
croiTvd over the river, and kiiTed her majefly's hand.
The Conde di Portumano, the bifhop of Portugal©,
and the archbifhop of Lifbon, having followed in
order, performed the i^ime Ceremony, and all the reft
of the nobility followed their example. The queen
then pailcd over the river, being led by the duke
D'Alba, and the bifliop of Cordova, - As foon as
Eleanor came to the Portuguefe fide, the Duke of
Braganza, who ftood there at the head of twothou-
fand cavalry nobly equipr, difmounted, and in the
name of his royal mafter, came to receive her ma^
jefty. This nobleman being afktd by the duke
D'Alba, whether he was empowered to perform this
oftice by the authority of Emmanuel, he immediately
produced his inftrudions, ftamped with the royal feal,
and
Book XI. the P O R T U G U E S E, &c. 2 63
and figned by the king. Thefe being read in pub-
lic wich a loud voice, were dei'ivered to the duke
D'Alba, who then raking hold of a goiden chain
fixed to the queen's arm, gave her into the hands of
the duke of Braganza. I'his ceremony beirg over,
the Spanifh nobility departed, excepting the bifhop
of Cordova, and the Conde di Tregenia, who were
embalTadors, and the duke of Villa Franca, mafier of
the order of hofpitallers in Spain, together with the
Conde di Montacuto, who went with the quetn to
Crato.
Her majefty being arrived at that town, after
fupper was vifited by Emmanuel, whom fhe received
in the mofl: afFtctionate manner. John owered to kifs
her hand; but this fhe would by no means permit.
However, in order to keep up the cuftom of Spain,
flie a': lowed this piece of rcfpeil to be paid to her by
George Ion to king John, and mailer of the Jacobin
and Cifiertian order. The archbiihop of Lifbjn mar-
ried the king and queen, according to the form eda-
blifhed in our church, and the ceremony was cele-
brated by the utmofi demondrations of mirth and re-
joicing. They then proceeded for Almeiria. in
their way thither, they were met by the king's Tons,
who liaving difmounted, offered to kifs her maje(ly*s
hand-, but this (he v;ould not allow, and bc:haved to
theni with the higheft marks of affedion. The red
of the nobility who had not yet paid their refpecls
to her, faluted her in the ufual manner. When they
reached Almeiria, Ifabel and Beatrix, Emmanuel's
daughters, were about to come down the palace (lairs
to receive her majefty^r but fhe prevented them by
her expedition, and having raifed them up, fhe
embraced them with the utmoft tendernefs. The reft
of the ladies at court kiued her majePcy's hand; to
whom fhe behaved with great kindnefs, though with
a proper dignity. This day was celebrated by finging,
dancing, and all kind of mufic. I'he following day
p^mnianuel, according to Charles's diredions, was
S 4 made
554 The History of Book XI.
mace a knight of the order of the golden fleece, found-
ed by Phihp duke of Burgundy, and tver fince kept
up in the moftfacred manner, of which Charks him-
felf was mailer. Their Portugutfe maj-Hies fpenc
all their wmter at Almeiria, in a very acireeable man-
ner. In the beginning of the fpring,^"" they moved
from thence, and went to Ebora.
^ This year 1519, Emmanuel fent a fleet of fixteen
fliips to India, under the command of George Albu-
qiierque. gnc the voyage proved nnprofperous.
Diego Lemos's fmp was driven back to Lifbon; Lewis
Gulman the commander of another, having deferted
the fleet; turned pyrate, and committed many adts of
cruelty and wickednefs. Emmanuel Soufa beincr fe-
paratedby fl:refs of weather, put in at the porl of
Mantua, on the Ethiopian coa(t, in his way toMelinda,
where he, together with forty more of the Portuguefe,
going afhore ro buy provifions, were killed by the
Arabians. The fliip was driven by a violent ftorm to
zn ifland not far from Qiiiloa, wliere flie ran upon the
ihelves. The Arabians plundered her, and killed all
the Portuguefe, excepting one boy, whom the king of
Zanfibra took under his proredion. George Albu-
querque, with nine fhips, wintered at Mozambique
and only four readied India.
In the mean while Diego Lopez Sequeire was
making great preparations to carry on a war againft
the Araoians. And as he flood in need of a o-reater
flrength, he diipatched Gundiflalvo Loulenfo^ in a
Jightfhip, to George Albuquerque at Mozambique,
oeliring him to iail from thence to the red fea, that
with united force they might itorm the city of Teddo.
oequeire being atraid of the arts of Melichiaz, fenC
Lnriicopher Sala with three gallies to cruize on the
coair ot Cambaya, who accordingly executed his com-
mhiion with gieat care, and returned with confider-
abie booty. Sequeire was likewife joined at this time
by Amonio Saldagna, who had been cruizing near
cape Guardafuj where he had taken feveral prizes.
About
Book XI. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 265
About this time it happened, that the king, by a
flight provocation, {o much exafpcratcd one of his
fubjeds, that forgetting all the ties of honour, fide-
lity and rchgion, he proved treacherous to his king
and native country, and run himfelf headlong into
the greatefl: danger. This was Fernando Magellan,
whom we have mentioned above, a man of nobility,
£-".d endowed with great courage. In India he had
given the higheft proofs of his warlike prowef^, and
had no lefs dillinguifhed himftlf in Africa for his gal-
lant behaviour. Formerly it had been a cuitom a-
mongft the Portuguefe, that all thofe who lerved under
the king, as well as their fons, were maintained in
the palace at his majefty's expence. But in time thefe
domiCfLicks grew fo numerous that it feemed very
troublefome to provide provifions for fuch a multitude.
For which reafon it was decreed by the Portuguefe
kings, that a certain monthly penflon fliould be paid
to every one out of the treafury, to defray his own
expences. The fum allotted for that purpofe was
formerly fuflicienr, when provifions were cheap; but
when the kingdom grew more populous, and the
price of all necefTaries rofe confiderably, the allowance
I hen became very fcanty. Neverthelefs, as the Por-
tuguefe derive all dignity from their prince, this al-
lowance though fmall, ufed to be fought for with great
eagernefs ; and as it was thought a great honour to
be admitted into the royal family, fo likewife the
larger the penfion was, it was efbeemed the more ho-
nourable. The Portuguefe kings had different clafTes
of fervants, and the fjm paid them was in proportion
to their rank or fervices. The firfl: clafs comprehends
the nobility, whofe falaries were proportioned to their
quality or merit. Thus it happened, that the fame
and greatnefs of every one was eftimated accord-
ing to his penfion. This way of judging, however, of
a man, was frequently very fallacious ; for many,
by meer follicitation and importunity, procured what
was onjy due to merit and true nobility. In fhorr,
this
^66 The History of Book XL
this allowance, though fmall, was reputed fo honour-
ble amongft the Forcuguefe, that every one drove for
it with as much keennefs, as if, in this alone, all fafety
and dignity had confided.
Magclan pedtioned, that, in confideration of his
great fervices, his monthly penfion fliouki be raifed half
a ducat. The king, however, in order ro give a
check to forward ambition, peremptorily refuied his
requefl. This fo enraged Magellan, that he deferted
the king, violated his faith, and brought his country
into great danger. Injuries received from our country,
as well as thofc frorn kings, who are the parents thereof,
are not to be- revenged. Our life we owe to our
country, and we ought to faciifice it for her defence.
But this perverfe man was fo offended at the refufal
of fuch a trifling fum, that he refolved to forfAe his
royal mafter, and turn an enemy to his native coun-
try, for the prefervation of which he ought to have
facrificed his life. The affair came to fuch a length,
that by his means Portugal was threatened v/ith a
moft formidable war. Ic is methinks fomewhat a(lo-
nifning, how fo barbarous a cuftom fhould have crept
into any civilized nation. The traitor to his country,
is not oidy infamous in himfeif, but conveys an ever-
jafting dain and ignominy to ail his pofterity. The
criminal himfeif is fenfible of his heinous crime, but
by way of falvo to his villany, he perhaps makes a
folemn abjuraiion of his faith, throws up all his ho-
nours to the king, renounces ail duty to his country,
and declares, that he no longer defires to be ccnd-
dered as a member thereof. After this, he thinks
he may commit all manner of hofiiiities without breach
of faith. Be it fo then, O perfidious man, defpife
the honours of your country, contemn her bounty :
bellow as much as you pleafe, becaufe you have not
received rewards fuitable to your merit ; yet how can
you break through your plighted faith? You fay,
you have received confiderable injuries : fuppofe it to
be fo : yet your parents and country ought to be
facred
Book XI. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 2^7
iacred from your revei ge. You have given up, you
iay, all you recc'./ed from yonr country. What, h;ive
you then Rlinquifhed life together with all your know-
ledge and abi lilies ! For ail thefe, though firft re-
ceived from the author of nature, were prefer vcd and
confirmed to you by the laws, cufloms and inftitu-
tions of your country. Nor is ir lawful for you,
though provoked by the higheft injuries to oppose
nature, and violate your faith. Nay, rather than break
through fuch facred ties, you ought to fuiter the fe-
vered tortures, and forego life itfelf. Abjure and
renounce your faith as much and as publickly as you
pieafe, yet all this will avail nothing 10 take off your
guilt. It will only ferve to be a more ftron.^j- and
lading monument of your treacherous perfidy.
Magellan, however, was fo much blinded by re-
fentment, that he abjured his faith to his king and
country; and thought, by this means, that he had dif-
folvtd himftrlf from all obligations; and that he was
now ac liberty to become an enemy to his naffve coun-
try. He accordingly went in o Spain to Char.::?,
whom he told that the Molucco iflands beyond Ma-
lacca were wirhin the Spanifli boundaries; and that
Emmanuel had unjuuly feized them, contrary to
the treaty fubfifting betwixt thefe two princes, Ke
took a'ong with him Roderigo Falerio, a m.in (killed
in afironomy, who endeavourcrd alfo to confirm Charles
in this opinion. A'varez Cofla, who then refided at
the Spanifh court, as embafiador from Portugal, waited
on his majc-fty about this affair, put him in mind of
his near connexion and ^lliance with Emmanuel; and
told him, it would be unbecoming his dignity to give
ear to fuch perfidious men, who had already violated
their faith to the befi of princes, and ftill wanted to
purfue their wicked nefs and fallhood. ' Traitors,*
faid he, ' ought to be detefled and abhorred by
' all men, but efpecially princes : for thofe who give
* countenance to fuch wretches, nourifh a plague,
which threatens deftruftion to all crowned heads.'
Charles
268 The History of Book XL
Charles, being a prince of an eafy temper, was at
that tinae influenced by the rtmonftrances of Cofla.
But afterwards, at the inftigation of the nobihty, who
iirged him not, under the pretext of an alliance, to
negledl an opportunity of enlarging his dominions, he
appointed fome fliips to Magellan, who was to try
to find out a new way to the Indies ; for in the treaty
betwixt John and Ferdinand, in relation to their dif-
coveries, it was agreed that the Spaniards fhould not
fail by any paiTage found out by the Portuguefe, The
i. mer, therefore, were to have the eaftern half of
the -globe, and the latter the weftern part for their
navigation. And as the earth is divided into three
hundred and fixty degrees, thefe two nations had
each of them one hundred and eighty, vs^here they might
make difcoveries. The meridian was their boundary.
This is a line fuppofed to be in the heavens, going
from the northern to the fouthern pole, and is fo call-
eds becaufe when the fun is in this line, it is mid-
day to all thofe who live under that region. The
longitude of Lifbon from this line is thirty fix de-
grees.
The error of Magellan, and thofe who followed
him, which brought up a notion that the Mokiccos
belonged to the crown of Spain, arofe from feveral
caufes. In the firft place, when we go through un-
known regions, where there are no mountains or other
marks ro dire6l us, it happens that the courfe we have
t^ken appears much more excenfive than it is in reality.
This is generally the cafe, but efpeciaily when we fail
in the v/ide ocean, where there are no mountains or
valleys to direct the fight, or afiift us in the determi-
nation of diftances. Secondly, thofe who have failedf
through unknown feas, from a particular vanity, are
apt to magnify the length of their voyage, that they
themfelves may appear more great and wonderful,
v*'hen they re:urn, as it were, from another world.
Befides, though we fhould fuppofe that our fea-faring
people were free of this vanity, yet, from their igno*
ranee
BookXI. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 2^9
ranee in allronomy, they are very liable to be miftaken ;
and when they have had a winding circuit, are apt to
imagine they (leered in a direct line. Thus it hap-
pened, that the diuance betwixt the Indus and Ganges,
which is equal to ten degrees, was called thirty by
Ptolemy ; and this learned geographer was led into
that miftake by the account he had received from very
worthy, though ignorant perfons, who had vifited thofC'
countries : for when they failed from the Indus to cape
Comorin, and from thence to the Ganges, they mea-
fured this courfe as if they had gone in a diredl line,
or but a little to the fouthv^ard. There is alfo another
reafon to be alTigned for this vulgar error ; for when
our people had doubled the cape of Good Hope, and
fleered to another promontory of a much lefs extent,
they imagined they had failed a much greater way than
the violence of the fea, beating againft their fhips,
^ould allow •, for the caflerly monfoons, or trade-
winds, are at certain times extremely boifterous in thofe
parts ^ and the fea hereabouts, becaufe of its vaft depth
and extent, being greatly affedled by the moon, makes
the tides extremely violent. The fea, therefore, being
driven from the eaft to the weftern coafts with incre-
dible force, and repulfed from the oppofite coafl, runs
to the fouth, where it meets with no obilruclion, with
vaft rapidity ; and, by its violence, greatly retards the
navigation from the cape of Good Hope. Our people,
however, not being fenfible of this, were greatly mif-
taken in their calculations, imagining they had gone
much farther than they really had.
Thefe circumftances then gave rife to that error of
Ptolemy, as well as to fome others^ which the Portu-
guele ran into in their geographical defcriptions. This
difpute, however, betwixt our people and the Spa-
niards, brought one advantage to the Portuguefe, that
it made them more careful an3 accurate in their en-
quiries. The only way they could not come at this
c;xa6lnefs, was by the lunar eclipfes ; for when the
moon is darkened by the interpofuion of the earth, it
si
270 The History of Book XI.
is obvious, that the eclipfe mufl: appear fooner in India
than in Portugal, which lies fo much more to the weft-
ward •, lb that, by a careful oblervation, the difpute
betwixt their CaiTrian and Portugucfe m.ijcfties was in-
tirely removed. Pedro Nunez, an eminent mathema-
tician, and Ibme others, were appointed for that pur-
pofe. Thefe perfons accordingly difcovered, that an
eclipfe appeared at the mouth of the Indus (^ix hours
fooner than at Usbon. Now as one hour is equal to
fifteen degrees, fix muft make ninety. From the In-
dus to the remoteil of the Muiuccos is forty- two de-
grees, which, together with the ninety, make one hun-
dred and thirty two degrees •, to which if you add thirty-
fix, thediUance of Liibon from the meridian, the fum
will beone hu;-dred and fixty eight degrees. From this
computation it appears then, that Magellan was groff-
]y miftaken, and that his Portuguefe majefty had ftill
twelve degrees left for farther difcoveries. This dif-
pute, however, before it could be determined, was
productive of many fatal confisqucnccs ; and two wor-
thy princes, related by blood as well as aTiance, be-
came enemies to each other, by the inftigation and fub-
tle machinations of a perfidious and revengeful Portu-
guefe. But to return to the particulars of that affair.
When Emmanuel had received intelligence of Ma-
gellan's dcfign, by a letter from Coila, he fummoned
a council, but came to no determination. In the
mean while Cofta, by large promifes, endeavoured to
difluade Magellan from his refolution ♦, and, for fome
time, made him waver in his fentiments. But this
perfidious man, thinking he fhould gain more by his
intended villany than by returning to his duty, at laft
urterly rejeded Cofta's promifes. Flaving then fettled
every thing with Charles, according to his wifhes, he
and Falerio fet out for Seville : but Falerio no^ began
to feel fome remorfe for his wickednefs, and a t^w days
after died with grief. Magellan, as we mentioned
before, had five fhips allotted him, with a power of
li.^e and death over all on board. He fee fail on the
2 loth
BookXI. the PORTUGUESE, 8cc, 271
loth of Auguft, to find out lands and countries which
he had never fcen nor heard of, only he conjedliired
there might be fuch. Biic there is no difficulty Co ar-
duous, v/hich a bold mind, puflied on by dcfpair, will
not attempt. Having paifcd by the coaft of Brazil,
he got to the other fide of the lire: and when he v/as
in fifty-three degrees fcuthern latitude, in the month
of September 1520, he came into a narrow fca, wliich
he called after his own name, in order to preferve the
memory of this exploit, Bjt the cold here was (o in-
tenfe, that many of the Spaniards died, in a miferable
manner. Thefe (Ircights, according ho reporr, are
fourteen leagues in length. After he had got through
them he came now nearer the line, and got into a more
mild and temperate clirH\te, He met, hov/evcr, with
various misfortunes. The officers, together with the
refl: of the Spaniards, mutinied, and formed a confpi-
racy againfc him ; but they were quelled, and feveral
of them put to death. He cam.c at lad to the iOand
of Marten; the king of which, being then engaged in
war, craved his afTitfance, which he accord inoly jzave.
and by his means the war was foon brought (o a ron-
clufion •, but he v^.is foon after trdacherouOy killed by
this very prince. Thus one traitor became the inRru-
ment of punifning another for his perfidy. Only r'.vo
of the (hips rthe reft being loft) reached Tidorr, one
of the Molucco idands. One of thefe proceeded
directly hom.ewards, and arrived at Seville the 8th of
September 1522. The other, being extremely leaky,
put into Tidore to be repaired ; and after having taktn
in a lading, fteered to the northward : but alter (lie was
out at fea, the weather being cold and ftormy, and her
provifions running ftiort, fhe was forced to return.
Whtn the Spaniards came back to the Molucco3,
having received intelligence that there were Portuguefe
in the ifland of Ternate, tliey fcnt to beg afTjftance for
poor difireffed men of ihe f nie religion, and almoft
of the Jame country. ' Their fliip, they faid, was
* difabled, almoft al! the crew had perifhcd, and thofe
* who
272 The History of Book XI.
^ who remained, in the mod lickly and infirm condi-
* tion.' Antonio Britto, who then governed that
iOand, fent Garcia Henriques to their relief. The
Spaniards were received in the kindeft manner, and
treated with the utmofl hofpitality. Their own veflel
being deftroyed, they were conveyed in the Portugucfe
fhips to India, and from thence returned to Spain.
This was the ifTue of Magellan's expedition.
But to return to the affairs of the year 15 19. On
the 9th of February Alvarez Norhogna, the gover-
nor of Azamor, having marched to that part of Africa
which is called Enxovia, with tv/o hundred and thirty
horfe and one hundred foot, he overthrew the enemy
in a fevcre confii6l, and carried off two hundred and
ten prilbners. On the 25th of the fame month, having
marched forty-eight miles, he attacked the camp of
Nacerbend'jm (one of the Enxovian princes) : he took
prifoners two of his wives, two fons, one daughter,
and many of his other relations, together with a great
number of perfons of dilfindion. When Norhogna
was on his return to Azamor, Antonio Leiran, one of
the Portuguefe cavalry, committed a moft barbarous
and inhuman a6tion. There was amongft the captives
a Moorilh lady of extraordinary beauty, betrothed in
marriage to Nacerbendum's fon : fhe had on her arms
and legs lilvcr bracelets of confiderable value. Leiran
call his eyes on this booty, and, that he might come at
it the more readily, cut off the hands and feet of this
unfortunate creature. Norhogna, being moved with
indignation, bitterly reproached him for his barbarity j
and having taken the Ipoil from this ruffian, put him
in cufiody, and fer.t him in difgrace to Portugal.
On the 20th of March, Norhogna again led out
his army againft fume of the" enemy in the fame pro-
vince. In his way he took a number of camels well
loaded. When night came on he marched to the top
of a mountain, and dcfired the giVide to lead him by
fume (loney road, that the eremy might nor be^ able
to difcover his march from the looideps of his borT^s.
Then,
Book XL the PORTUGUESE, &c. 273
Then, after having given his men two days refl, he
drew them up in three lines: the firft he gave to An-
tonio Lopez Sequeire; the fecond, to Diego Melos ;
and the third, in which was the greattft number of
foldiers, he refer ved for himfelf. In this manner the/
marched in great filence ; and having fallen on fome
troops of the enemy, drove them to a precipitate
flight. Our people took three hundred and eighty
prifoners, and carried off a deal of plunder. The
enemy, however, re-afTembled by a fignal given; and
great numbers having flocked in from all quartern,
their army now became very numerous. The Portu-
guefe came back to meet them in order. 2ala Bem-
barqua, one of the confederate Moors, a man of great
gallantry, being refolved to , perform fome great ex-
ploit, in fight of our people, fingly made an attack on
the enemy : Norhogna immediately marched to his
affiftance. At the firft affault thirty of the enemy
were killed, and one of their principal leaders taken
prifoner. The reft were fo much affrighted v/ith this
blow, that they would proceed no farther. Norhogna,
being now unmolefted, continued his march to Aza-
mor. In his way he was obliged to pafs over a ford-
able river : when he came near the ford, being afraid
that the vaft number of cattle which he brought with
him might diftuib the order of his men, and be an
incumbrance in pafTing the river, he gave the greatefl:
part to a confederate Moor. Having got over with
the reft of the pkinder, he halted with his men on the
oppofite fide, and rcfreflied them for two hours, in
fight of the enemy, thinking they would endeavour
to pafs the river ; but when he found they dared not
to venture on fuch an attempr, he than proceeded for
Azamor, where he arrived infafcty with his army and
booty.
On the 25th of March, he made another ejccurfon
againft a pany of the Moors, when he took fifty of
them draggling. The reft being driven to flight,
alarmed all ihe villages and country places. Upon
Vol. II. T ilu$
274 The History of Book XI.
this the Moors came together in great numbers;
but Norhogna being afraid he might be overpowered
by fuch a muhitude, returned to Afamor with his pri-
soners. On the 28th of the fame month, he led out
his forces, in order to furprize fome of the Moorifh
troops. But in his march, having met with a large
body of cavalry, he lent before Lanfator Treita, with
fixty horfe, to begin the attack, whilft he himfelf fol-
lowed with the reft of the army. A defperate battle
enfued, which ended at laft in favour of the Portu-
guefe. Many of the enemy were left dead on the
Ipot, fixty v^ere taken prifoners, and the reft faved
themfelves by a hafty flight. Amongft the captives,
there was one principal officer named Arhago, one
hundred years old, a man of great bravery, who
had ferved in all the different ftations of the army
with great reputation.
On the 30th of the fame month Norhogna, who
hated to lie una6live, fell unawares upon Siner, a
fortified city, which he took by ftorm ; this he gave
up to be plundered by the confederates, and carried
off from thence three hundred and fifty eight prifoners
to Afamor. Pie was himfelf afTiduous and indefa-
tigable, nor would he allow any of his officers to re-
main in a fcate of ina6lion. He difpatched Vafco
Ferdinand Csefar, in v;hofe bravery he greatly con-
fided, on various expeditions, to harrafs the enemy as
much as poffible. This man having received intel-
ligence from one of his captives, that a troop of the
Moorifti horfe was aiTcmbled together in a place
called Pornignio, to deftroy the neighbouring corn,
he fell upon them unawares, killed fevcral, took the
captain prifoner, and drove the reft to flight.
Some time after, Norhogna being informed, that
a confiderable body of the enemy were lodged near
the town of Tde^ with an intention to ravage the
neighbouring lands, and to furprize any of our peo-
ple ftraggling in the fields, he fent the fame leader
agiinft dicm, Caefar accordingly executed his orders
3 mth
Book XL the PORTUGUESE, Sec. 275
with great expedition and intrepidity. He found none
of the enemy's cavalry, but he had an engagement
with a body of their foot^ who not being able to
fly from our cavalryj faw that their whole fafety con-
fiited in their bravery, and accordingly fought in the
moft defperate manner. The p;reateft part of them
being killed, the remainder took fhelter in a neigh-
bouring temple^ and having formed themfelves into a
circular body, flood on their defence with amazing in-
trepidity. Cirfar having afcendcd the fteps of the
temple, with vaft difficulty, was the firft who entered;
Francifco Vafco was the fecond ; and Francifco Ro-
derigo the 'third. The reft of the Portuguefe being
animated by the example of thefe men, immediately
followed. Some having climbed up to the roof of the
temple, defcended upon the enemy with vaft fury.
C^lar having grappled one of them, who made a,
moft formidable refiftance, threw him headlong from
the temple. Thefe men held out with fo much ob-
ftinacy, that not one of them efcaped. They not
only fought with their fwords and daggers, but lock*
ing feveral of our people in their arms, ftrove to
tumble them to the ground from the fummitof the
temple. This rencounter, though it may feem incon-
fiderable from the fmall number of the combatants,
yet brought no fmall ftiare of glory to the conquerors.
The enemy were brave, fought from an eminence,
and with fuch obftinacy, that not one would furren-
der, all of them choofing to die on the fpot, rather
than fubmit to a ftate of ilavery.
A few days afterwards, Csefar was fent for by Em-
manuel, to command a fleet appointed to cruize ia
the Screights of Gibraltar.
There is a fortified town in Enxovia, called Umber,
about twenty eight miles from Afam.or. It ftands on
the top of an high hill, with a valley at the bottom,
through which there runs a river. Norhogna had a
great defire to take this place. He accordingly made
an alTault upon it on the loth of April He plied the
T 2 defenders
276^ The History of Book XL
dtfenders with his fmall cannon, and put them into
great diforder. He fixed Icaling ladders to the walls,
and ftormed the fortifications for a confiderable time,
with the utmoft vigour. The townfmen, however,
made a bold defence. But when he faw this way of
attacking did not fucceed, he kad recourfe to another
method. He picked ouc feme of his braveft men,
who, notwichftanding the attempt was dangerous,
were to endeavour to cut dov/n the gates with hatch-
ets. They accordingly, though annoyed with ftones
and all manner of miflfive weapons, tore the gates
from their hinges, according to the orders of Nor-
hogna. The aifailants now attempted to enter the
city, but the enemy having formed themfelves into a
body, made a long and vigorous oppofition. Our
people, however, after having made great flaughter,
at lafb forced their entrance. The enemy run down
the hill towards the river, and m.any of them killed
themfelves by defcending in fo precipitate a manner.
Great numbers of the enemy, according to report,
were that day flain ; two hundred and fifty fix were
taken prifoners. None of the Portuguefe were kill-
ed, and only about ten wounded. Norhogna, after
this fuccefs, marched back to Afamor. Hq did not
put a garrifon in Umbre : this was not his defign;
he only intended to frighten the enemy, and to
fhew them that no town, though flrongly forti-
fied, could be fecure from the Portuguefe.
On the 8th of 0(5fober, Norhogna marched out
to furprize a body of horfe belonging to Alii Maim,
one of the Moorifh chiefs. But meeting with fome
otherMoors, whom he took prifoners, he was informed
by them, that it would beimpoffible for him then to
furprize the enem^y ; he therefore refblved to return.
On the r/|th he fent out fome fcouts to bring intel-
ligence where thofe Moorifh leaders lay encamped,
who had feized a troop of camels coming from Saffia
to Alamor, and had taken and made a flave of one
qH the confederates, a man of great diftinclion. The
fccuts
Book XI. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 277
fcoius took three Moors, whom they brought to
Norhogna. Thefe informed him thac the enemy's
camp was about forty four miles off. He according-
ly made no delay, but marched away in the night.
The following day he lay in ambufli, fo as not to be
perceived by the eneniy. As foon as it was dark, he
proceeded towards the town of Tamarochio, near
which it was f;iid the enemy lay encamped. Here
he drew up his men in three iines, and gave to each
comm.ander his particular inftrudions. He then fet
upon the enemy wi^h incredible expedition. Having
attacked them unawares, he partly killed, and partly
drove rhcm to flight. He plundered their camp, and
carried off a confiderable booty of cattle, camels and
horfes, together with two hundred and fifty prifoners.
ISIorhogna immediately founded a retreat ; this he did
by way of precaution, left his foldiers fhould be fcat-
tcred and divided through an eagernefs of feekir g after
plunder, whilfl the enemy, as it generally happened,
might return reinforced from the neighbourhood. Ic
was now midnight when he called off his men. Mean
while the enemy, as he expeded, fiocked together
from all quarters, and laying hold of whatever they
could light upon, threw ftake,^, flones, and all manner
of miillve weapon^, with' fo much force, that they did
great damage to our people. The fkirniifli ■ wa-i ex-
tremely hot, and lailed above tu^o hours. In the
mean v^hile, light beginning tq appear, o;jr people
could now difcern the number of the enemy. Nor-
hogna having again drawn up ins men in battle array,
animated them to fight, by the moPc encouraging
fpeeches. Nor was the affair now carried on with
{tonci and mifTive werpons, but they fought defpe-
rately with fpears and fwords. Norhogna made a
gradual and regular retreat, fometirpes facing about to
repulfe the enemy. Having obferved one m,4n ia
particular to be ex;remely daring, he fpurred on his
horfe againfl him, and run him through with a fpear.
B'.u whilfl he was drawing the weapon cut of the
T 3 body
^^2 The History of Book XI,
body of his proftrate enemy, he hi mfelf received fuch
a ftroke on his helmet, as rendered him fenfelefs, and
made him tumble from his horle. Vafco Ferdinand
Casfar, who had left the fleer, immediately flew to
his afnftance, as ]N(Iartin Egido did likewife, and fe-
veral other perfons. Thefe men withftood the jQiock
of the enemy, till Norhogna, by proper help, being
come to himfelf, mounted another horfe brought him
by his fervant; He gave the rear to be commanded
by John Freita, and the quarter mafter, and he him-
felf went to the van with the royal ftandard •, for
he had not now fufficient ftrength to engage the ene-
my. Thofe in the rear behaved nobly. They not
only withftood the fhock with intrepidity, but alfo
killed feveral. After fun-rife the enemy prefTed more
furioufly on our people, who in their turn repulfed
them with furprizing gallantry, and, notwithflanding
all the efforts of the enemy, got fafe to Afamor with
their plunder. There were killed about two hundred
of the enemy. Not one of the Fortuguefe were mif-
fing, though feveral were wounded, and fome loft
their limbs in the battle. This was a great and me-r
morable a6lion, which ftruck vail terror into the enemy;
for Norhogna had only brought from Afamor two
hundred and fifty horfe, and thirty five foot. On the
other hand the Moors of Enxovia had five hundred
horfe, and a confiderable body of foot. And as the
enemy at firft begun the light with ftones, fo in re-
membrance thereof, the foldiers ufed afterwards to
call it the Battle of ftones. After this vidlory many
of the Moors fued for peace, and fubmitted to Em-
manueL
About this time, Couiign having formed a defign
to attack a large village where fome brave Moorifh
cavalry were lodged, lent for a ^reinforcement from
Duarte Monez, who accordingly difpatched him one
hundred horfe, under the command of Andrew Hen-
riques. Coutign fet out in the dufk of the evening;
{?gt by the ignorance of his guide did not come near
the
Book XI. the PORTUGUESE, Sec, 279
the village till day-light : the enemy were apprized of
his approach, fo that when he reached the village,
he found it almofl: deferted. ^ The greatefl part of The
inhabitants were fled, and thofe who remained made
an obllinate refiflance. About fixteen were killed, and
forty four made prifoners. Three of the Portu-
guese fell in this affair. Coutign hafbened to retire
with his booty, and went another road which he
thought more convenient. Pedro Lopez Azeved was
coming by the way which Coutign had quired,
with feven of the cavalry. The enemy pouring
in from all quarters, fell upon them. They firit killed
Alvarez Vafco de Tavira. Then they flew Azeved
coming to his afTiftance, together with Vafco's fer-
vant, who endeavoured to defend his mafler. Jafper
Cugna fuffered alfo the fame fate. The commander
of the Portuguefe vanguard, when endeavouring to
come up to their relief, had his horfe killed under
him. He himfelf was alfo in the greatefl jeopardy,
and his fon was defperately wounded by t\vo of the
enemy's javelins. There was a defile which the ene-
my wanted to get pofTcfllon of, in order to obflruifl
the march of our people. Coutign, however, was re-
folved to be before hand with them, and accordingly
proceeded with the utmoft expedition. He received
his men retreating from the Moors, and having op-
pofed his archers againfi the enemy, by this means
retarded their purfuir, and marched through the nar-
row pafs with great danger and difficulty. Soon after
he had got through this place, having received in-
telligence by his fcouts, that the enemy, whofe num-
bers were greatly increafed, was approaching to ob-
ftrudl his march, he quickened his fpeed, and at lafl"
got home with his plunder. Though our people
in their retreat, repulfed the enemy with great intre-
pidity, and killed many of them, yet they themfelves
were in the mofi extreme danger; for Coutign^ and
all his forces, very narrowly eicaped deflrucftion.
T 4 Sorne
^So The History of Book X!,
Some days after, Emmanuel Mafcaregn fent for a
reinforcement of fixty horfe, to aflift him in an ex-
curfion which he intended. With thefe he marched to
the river of Benamar, Having palled over it he af-
cended a mountain, and at fun fet was returning
with a pretty large booty, and five captives. But
when he came to the village of Benamaran, feated on
the ridge of a mountain, the enemy came forth in
great numbers. Mafcaregn retreated a little, and then
halted for fome of his men who had not yet come
up. Meanwhile, about one hundred of the enemy's
archers, together with fome of their horfe landing
together in a body, poured their darts on our people.
Pedro Mcnez, the guide, ad vifed Mafcaregn to fend
the cattle before, with a guard, to pafs the river; for
the enemy had thrown up ramparts on the bank, in
order to obltrudt the Portuguefe. Mafcaregn ac-
cordingly difpatched the plunder, efcoited by ten of
the cavalry, who were ordered to deftroy the enemy*s
works. When the main body of the enemy, who
lay a little below the ford, perceived this, they be-
gan to prefs on our people more furioufly. Then
Menez called out, ' I fee,* faid he, ' we cannot
* avoid an engagement either here or on the bank of
' the river. Wherefore I am of opinion, that we
' ought CO Cct upon the enemy in this place. Here
* the conflidl will be lefs dangerous and difficult,
* than to be attacked when fording the river.' Maf-
caregn approved of this refolution^ and after having
encouraged his men to the fight, puflied on with
great forwardnefs. And his horfe being extremely
fleet, he rufhed in amongft the 'enemy, and killed one
of them, before his men could come up. The ene-
my immediately attacked him wirh their fpcars. Ac
this jundure, Mafcaregn was in the utmod danger,
but defended himfelf with aftonifhing courage: his
horfe, however, was killed under him. Pedro Menez,
Antonio Couiign, and Lewis Valence, were the firll
who came up to refcue him from the furrounding ene-
mies,
Book XI. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 2S1
mies. Then the reft of the Ponuguefe immediately
following, charged the enemy with fo much vigour,
that they quickly routed them. Seventy feven Vi/erc
killed, and about forty two laken prifontrs. Not
one of our people fell in this affair, but feveral were
wounded.
Soon after the king of Fez, with three thoufand
horfe, invaded the lands adjoining to Arzila. Nothing
happened in this affair memorable on either fide, ua-
jefs it was the death of Aroaz, a man of great gal^
lantry. He was killed by a bullet fliot by a Portu-
guefe cobler^ who fought on horfeback with a mufquet.
The cobler himfclf, however, foon after fuffcred
the fame fate, but died like a gallant foldier, for hp
flew a brave enemy, who had killed many Chrifiians.
In the mean while Nunez Mafcaregn, governor of
Saffia, having received intelligence that (he Moors of
Garabia had revoked, refolved to punifh their perfidy.
Two of the fame province came to him, and under-
took toaffaffinate the king of Fez's general, v;ho, they
faid, v;a3 the perfon, who had flirred up their coun-
trymen to revolt. Mafcaregn, by a fmall bribe, pre-
vailed on them to profecuce this defign, the Moors in
general being a venal people, and fo prone of wicked-
nefs, that for a trifling reward they will perpetrate
'the mofl horrid deeds. The two Moors therefore
prompted by their ovv'n difpofiticn, and al ured by
Mafcaregn's promifes, killed the general. The Gara-
bians frequently fliilied their quarters, and were m
the utmofl apprehenfions for themfelves ; apd now
when their commander v/a^ cut off, on whofe cGur.3ae
and condudl their fafety chiefly depended, they fued
for a peace from Mafcaregn, requiring, however, foine-
what as a hire for their obedience. Mafcaregn replied.
That the liberty of cultivating their lands quiet and un-
molefted, v^^ould be jio inconfiderable reward for thejr
fidelity. Being diffatisfied with this aniwer, they en-
tered into a league with a Mocrifh prince, n4n:.-d
Oleidambram.. Then having encamped near Safa,
they
282 The History of Book XT.
they harralTed the Dabidian Moors, who remained
faithful to the Portiiguefe intereft. The Dabidians
ient intelligence to Mafcaregn, that the enemy, on a
certain day, were to attack them with a confiderable
body of forces. He difpatched an officer with feventy
horfe, and Zaide, with a party of Moors, to their af-
fidance. The enemy being apprized of our people's
approach, and thinking that Mafcaregn was with
them, were greatly afraid, and retreated. The Da-
bidians purfued them. The enemy being clofely pref-
fed, faced about upon their afTailants, of whom they
killed four, and obliged the reft to give ground.
The Portuguefe, however, coming up to the af-
fiilance of the Dabidians, repulfed the enemy : but
the lofs was very inconfiderable on either fide. After
this rencounter, Mafcaregn was informed by his fcouts,
that all the Garabian forces lay encamped near Sala,
and Oleidambram's army at no great diftance : he
led out two hundred and fifty horfe, and one hun-
dred and twenty foot armed with mufquets. He car-
ried like wife with him fcven of the Dabidian cavalry,
that they might be witnelTes of the punifhment which
he intended to infiicl on the Garabians for their per-
fidy. He fet out from Saffia, after noon, on the 4th
of November 15 19. And when he had marched
twenty four miles, he halted to refrefh his men. The
enemy's camp was now about twelve miles diftant.
He proceeded in the filence of the night, and about
day break drew up his men in two lines; the firft he
gave to the commander of the rear guard, and the
other he rcferved for himfelf. They made a joint
attack on the enemy's camp, with fo much vigour^
that they filled it with fiaughter and confternation.
Above three hundred were killed, and one hundred
and feventy taken prifoners. Mod of the Dabidians
being flruck v/ith terrr.r, again fued for peace, and
con Tented to pay the ufual tribute.
There were fome, however, whoftill remained re-
fraftory. Thefe depending on the protedion of Xerif,
lived
BookXr. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 283
^ived at a place called Mizquella, about forty four
miles from Saffia. Mafcaregn was refolved to brino-
them likewife under fubjedion. But being afraid lelt
the Moors about Saffia might revolt in his abfence,
and join the enemy, he had recourfe to the following*
expedient. There was a great fair kept annually near
Saffia : thither vafl: numbers of the confederates uied
to rc^fort. On the firil day thereof, he fent for fevera!
of the Mooriffi chiefs, under pretence of confultino-
with them about feme affairs of importance. Thefe
he fecretly detained as hoftages, and ordered the gates
to be ffiut, that the ftratagem might not bedifcovered,
and the reft of the Moors, by this means, be highly
provoked. In the dufl<: of the evening he fee out oa
his expedition, with two ^hundred horfe and fix hun-
dred toot. When he had gone about eight miles,
he fent out four of his cavalry, as fcouts; and ap-
pointed them to meet him at a certain place with their
intelligence. Having given his men a few hours reft,
he again founded the fignal, and continued his march
over mountains, and oiu-of-the-way places, that no
one might be able to difcover whither he direded his
courfe. He halted again with his a'my in a thick
wocd, near the river Jolgo. About fun-fct he conti-
nued his march, till he reached at Mamometan Mofque,
where the fcouts were to meet him, according to ap-
pointment. Here none of the army durft venture to
Heep for fear of the hons, of which there are great
numbers in thefe pans. About fevcn in the evening
the fcouts arrived, and brought intelligence that
the enemy lay encamped twenty miles off. Twenty
of Mafcaregn's foot, were fo faiigued with the journey,
as to be unable to procev'rd farther ; thele togctlier v/itci
ten of the cavalry, in whom he had no gr?at confi-
dence, he ordered to remain at the n'loique. The
reft of the foot, according to his diredion, mounted
behind the horfemen. Bias Sylvio, v^ho led the van,
confifting of one hundred horfe, purfuant to his or-
ders, marched towards a valley, where part of the
enemy
2^4 The History Of Book XL
enemy lay encamped. This detachment, however,
marching rather v/ith too much precipitation, one in
the rear happened to fall from his horfe-, upon
which fifteen more halted to give him afliftance,
Sylvio and his foldiers, by this time, got quite out
of fight-, fo that they v/ho were Icfc behind, by mif-
take took a different road tov;ards a hill. Mafca-
regn followed the track of the lafl, i.hinking that Syl-
vio having heard that the enemy had amoved their
camp, had for that rcafon changed his rout. Thofe
who nrft afcended the hiii, having heard a vaft noife
and fliouting in the valley, were at a lofs what to
think, or how to proceed. One of them, however,
being difpatched to Mafcaregn, difcovered the error,
and brought back proper inllruclions. Mafcaregn
now underltood by many circuir.itances, that Sylvio
v^as engaged in the valley, and accordingly made all
haile to his afTillance. Three of ihe enemy's troups,
Jay encamped in the valley, and two had pitched
their tents on a hill. Mafcaregn was afraid leir, when
he went to affift Sylvio, the enemy might kt upon
him in the rear : for which reafon he refolved lo en-
gage thofe on the hill; fo that, they being conquered,
he might then aid Sylvio more fecurely. Having ac-
cordingly charged them with great fury, he killed fe-
vcral, and made fevenry pri .'oners. He ordered all
the catrle he took to be killed, left they might be an
obftrudion to him in his march. This parcy of the
enemy being thus defeated, Mafcaregn proceeded
towards the valley, wich all poiTible expedition. He
was however, not a litt'e puzzled which way to take
to Sylvio, and at the fame time, was a!fo obftruded
by fome of the enemy, who returning from flight,
haraflld his rear. But the (houts of the engagemenc
in the valley, having reached thofe who prelfed on
our people, they immediately defifled, and fled to the
afTiiiance of their countrymen. Mafcaregn guefTed
their defign, and took likewife the fame road. Sylvio
had behaved with the utmoft intrepidity^ he h^4
killed many of the enemy, and carried off a confi-
derable
Book XL the PORTUGUESE, &c. 2R5
derable booty from the camp. The Moors, however,
having recovered from their panic, and being rein-
forced by many brave cavalry, raUied, and made
a frefh attack on Sylvio. Mafcaregn had ordered
twenty of his cavalry, and five foot foldiers, with
with fome of the confederate Moors, to advance with
the utmoft expedition. Thefe, when they came up,
found Sylvio and his men furrounded by the enemy :
he had only with him fixty horfe, the reft, accord-
ing to his orders, having marched off with the plun-
der. He himfelf was grievoudy wounded in three
places, as was likewife Garcia Decio, whofc horfe was
alfo difabled. Some other perfons of diftindion
having had their horfes killed, fought on foot in the
utmoft danger. John Magellan, fon of him whom
we have mentioned above, had his foot run through
with afpear. Francifco Novio and the quarter mafter
wcrre alio moft terribly wounded. A fervant of Maf-
caregn attacked a very brave Moor, who was far
from declining the combat: they grappled one ano-
ther with fom^ch eagernefs, that neirher of the two
could ufe his fword nor fpear; and each endeavoured
by mere ftrength of body, to difmount his antagonift^
fo that borh at iaft fe'I on the ground locked in each
others arms. Several were killed in this adion, ^nd
in fliort our people were in the moft defperate fiiiia-
tion : they fought, however, with amazing intrepidity,
being refolved to fell their lives dear.
Thus it was with Sylvio and his men, when Maf-
caregn came to their relief: his arrival infufed frefli
courage and fpirits into our people, and ac the fime
tiiue not a lirtie difmayed the enemy; for the Moors
greatly dreaded Mafcaregn : as foon as they knewhim^
thtK fury and vigour flackencd apace. Mafcaregn feeing
the way clear, drew off his men in good order. The
eremy, however, preiTcd very furioudy on his rear-, but
our people preferving thek ranks, frequently turned
upon the Moors, and did them confiderable damage,
not withftasH ding ail their fr.enacsng fiercenefs. The
CGixnt-iry herc-abouts was extremely •woody ^ the road
2S6 The History of Book XL
very narrow, and in feveral places hemmed in with
craggy defiles. The Moors made all poffible hafte
to gee poireiTion of thefe (freights. When Mafcaregn
came thither, he took all proper meafures to fecure
his men on each fide. Several of the enemy being
killed, the reft thought proper to defift. Mafcaregn
being now un mole (led, took all poffible care for the
recovery of the wounded ; and that they might not
be fatigued, he proceeded by flow marches to the
river Diucis. The following day, about fun-fet, he
arrived fafely at Saffia, with his prifoners and a con-
liderable boo^y. Of the enemy there were killed
one hundred and fifty only; for our people being
greatly fatigued by their journey, did not choofe to
purfuc them. Francifco Novio died of the wound
he received, Mafcaregn fpent fix days in this ex-
ploit, and ftruck no fmall terror into the Moors.
They now faid they were notfafe, neither night nor day,
fmce neither their ftrong fortifications nor their diftance,
could fecure them from deftruclion : for there
were no difficulties lb great, but what a man of Maf-
caregn's condudl, intrepidity, vigilance, and warlike
experience could furmount, in order to harafs his ene-
mies. They therefore fubmitted themfclves to Em-
manuel, gave hoftages, and confented to pay tribute.
But to refume the affairs of India. The following
year, Diego Lopez Sequeire, who fucceeded Soarez,
fitted out a fleet of twenty fix fliips, to fail for the red
fea. There were aboard two thoufand Portuguefe and
one thoufand Indians, who failed from Goa on the
month of February. In his abfence he left Alexo
Moncz in the government. Pie had fent before An-
toni^o Saldagfia, with five fliips, to Socotora, in order
to get intelligt-nce of the enemy's motions. Him
he found near cape Guardafu. Here he likewife met
with Pedro Vafco Vera, whom Soarez had fent to
Emmanuel, who had difpatched him with letters to
Sequeire, wherein his majelly ordered him to carry
on his expcdidoa with all poflible vigour. Sequeire
touched
BcokXI. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 2S7
touched at the port of Meta on the Arabian coafl-,
where he watered his fleet, and thence fteered for the
red fea. In this courfe thither, the vefTel in which he
himfelf was, fuffered fhipwreck. All the crew were
luckily faved, but every thing elfe was loft. The
admiral went aboard Pedro Faria's fhip. When he
came into the ftreights of Babelmandel, he met with
very tempeftuous weather; fo that he could not make
Jeddo as he intended. With the approbation of his
officers, he put in at Mazua, an ifland almofb adjoining
to the coaft of Arabia, and fubjeifl to the ^thiopiaa
prince, who had fent Matthew as ambafTador to Em-
manuel. The inhabitants being alarmed at the ap-
proach of the fleet, fled to a town called Erquico, on
the continent. Sequeh'e's chief defign in going to
this i(]and was to enquire whether Matthew was really
an ambafTador, or, as fome faid, out of fpite at Albu-
querque, a cheat and impoftor. The governor of
Erquico, as foon as he heard of the arrival of the
Portuguefe fleet, fent a very civil letter to Sequeire.
In this he rendered thanks to the Almighty, that now,
by a mod happy event, the ancient predidion of their
prophets was fulfilled. It had been, it feems, foretolds
for ages paft, by fome holy and infpired men, that at
this time, certain Chriftians feparated from this king's
dominions by vaft trads of land and immenfe feaSj
fhould come with a fleet to thefe parts, Sequeire re-
ceived the mefTengers with the utmoil: civility, and
decked them with rich garmenf^. He fent a filken
ilandard, on which there was the figure of a red
crofs, as a prefent to the governor, who, as foon as
he faw it, ran towards the fnore, being followed b7
above two thoufand people. Al! of them, at the
fight of the crofs, proftrated themfelves on the ground,
and invoked the name of our Saviour in [heurmofl ex-
tacy and fervour of devorion; fo that the Portuguelc
preient could not forbear Ihedding tears of joy. Th^
governor came at lafl toihefhore: thither Sequekc
csiiie likewife, accompanied by Mitthew, who, was
xeceivfd
iU The History of Book XL
received with univerfal congratulations, and treated
with the higheil marks of honour. Sequeire, after
having had a conference with the governor, returned
to the fleet, together with Matthew. Pedro Honiez
Tezeira, a hiwyer of the utmoll juflice and integrity,
hf the admiral's permiiTion, went four miles up the
country, to a famous mong^ery there: Here he was
received by the monks in the mod affeftionate manner.
At his return he gave the mod furpiizing account of
tile piety and temperance of thefe men. Upon his
along them, why they did not acknowledge the Romifh
church, v/hich was held in fo much efceem by other
Chriltians? they anfwered. That they had the utmofl:
veneration for the pope, but that they were hindered
&om travelling to Rome by the Turks and Arabians,
iheir mortal enemies.
Whilfl: Sequeire remained at Mazua, he carefully^,
faveyed the illand, and water being vefy fcarce there^
he built large cifterns to catch the rain. He endea-
troured to tind out a proper place for a fort, bue
could riot light on any fpot convenient for that pur-^
pofe; and befides, mo^ of the ammunition and can-*
©i^n, which he had brought to raife a fort, was
Ibl in the late fliipwreck. The haven in Mazua was
tpery commodious, but the foil of the place extremely
f()QT and barren. The iiland was in extent about
m^ht miles. The governor of Erquico immediatety
(^patched letrers to Barnagaze, viceroy in that part
d^ the country, giving him notice of the anival of
(sxa-r people. As foon as his excellency received this
stdvice, he fet out with a numerous retinue to meet
Sequeire, who having landed his men, drew thera
«jf>ata little diftance^from the fhore, and waited the
arrival of Barnagaze. The viceroy brought with him
t^o hundred horfe, and two thoufand foot. Thefe
&tf drew up about a bow-(hot from the Portuguefe :
then he went up to Sequeire, and embraced him in the
iciffoft affedionate manner. The greatefl part of the
«% was fpent in a munual exchange of friendly of-
ficeSy
BookXL the PORTUGUESE, &c. 2S9
fices, and Barnagaze gave the ftrongcrft afllirances of
his royal mafler's friend (liip and prote6lion. A treaty
being accordingly concluded with great folemnity, the
viceroy went to Eiquico, and Sequeire repaired to the
fleet. Sometime after he fent to Barnagaze, recom-
imending to him the care of the embaffador from Em-
manuel to the king of Ethiopia. The viceroy, in-
truded this atfair to the governor of Erquico. Ro-
derigo de Lima, was the perfon deputized in rhs
room of Duarte Galuan. He was accompanied by a
jpiicft named Francifco Alvarez, who publi(hed a book
concerning this embafTy. Matthew, who had now
been proved to be no impoftor, from the tcllimony
bf all his countrymen, went like wife with them :
When they had travelled about feventy miles he was
taken ill, and died in the monaftery of Bifa.
As foon as affairs were properly fettled Vv^ith the
Chridians in Ethiopia, Sequeire Huled for the iOand
of Dalaza, inhabited by the Arabians, which he laid
wafte by fire. Hence he fteered for Ormus, and
having put in at the harbour of Calajate, he there
found George Albuquerque, v^ho, according to his
orders had failed to Cape Guardafu; but noc finding
Sequeire at that place, he directed his courfe to Or-
mus. It is not eafy to affign the caufe why Sequeire
did not ftorm Jcddo. The violence of the weather
might obftru(5l this enterprize, or perhaps he thought
the city would be of little fervice to the Fortuguefe, or
it might be owing to Ibme other reafon. This,,
however, is certain, that the only advantage reaped
From fo large and expenfive a fleet was the difcover-
ing the truth of Matthew's embaffy, and landing the
Portuguefe envoy, who was to be^ conduced to the
king of ^thiopiai
Towards the end of Auguft, Sequeire fet fall for
India. In his courfe thither he took two Arabian
velTels. He then came with his fleet before Dio : ac-
cording to his inftiuctions, he was to attack this
place, but as he found it fo ftrcngly garrifuned, and
Vol. II, U ' well
290 The History of Book XI
well fupplied with all manner of arms and warlike
" Hores, he therefore thought it improper to attempt
the city at thisjundure, efpecially as his fleet was in
a iliatiered condition, and the number of his men
greatly impaired by ficknefs. Mehchiaz was at this
time abfent. Sequeire, however, fent meiTengers to
wait on his fon Melichefag : they were received with
great civility and difmiifed with prefents. He at
length reached Cochin, where he found George Brit-
tio, who had come this year from Portugal with nine
fail of fhips. Sequeire, though unfortunate in his late
expedition, had loft only two fliips, the admiral, and
a galley commanded byjerome Soufa, which perifhed,
together with all the men, excepting eleven, amongffc
'whom was Soufa himfejf. Thefe got afhore on the
Arabian coall, and after having travelled forty miles
with great difficulty, at hil readied a town fubjc6t
to the king of Ormus, where the governor received
them kindly, and fupplied them with money andcloaths.
From thence they were fafely concluded to Calujaie.
This year there was performed an exploit near Ceuta,
inconfiderable with regard to the number of men,
but great and illuflrious, becaufe of the intrepidity
with which it was executed. There v/ere two pirates,
inhabitants of India, and bi others, who with a couple
of large fhips had for four years greatly infefled the
(Ireights of Gibraltar, and the neighbouring coafts of
Africa; Gomez Sylvio Vafconcelo was at this time
governor of Ceuta. One of the pirates lay in ambufh
amongft the oppofite iflands, whilft the other kept
out at fea, and gave notice to his brother, when there
was occafion for his affiftance. Vafconcelo having re-
ceived intelligence of this, immediately fitted out two
fmall brigantines; one he gave to Andrew Vafconcelo
and the other to Michael Sylvio, his two fons. Ceuta
ftands on a narrow ridge of land which runs out into
the fea-, lb that the city has two harbours, one on the
caflern, and the other on the weflern fide. The Bri-
gantines being fitted out in the weftern haven, the
4 governor
BookXI. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 291
governor ordered his Tons to double the point, and try-
to furprize tliQ enemy. Michael the youngefl, ac-
cording to his inftruclions, was firft to make the
attack. Both were fired with the utmofl: zeal to
execute their father's orders, yet both deviated from
his council. The younger failed on in the utmofl
hurry, and did not choofe to wait till his brother
came up: the elder, on the other hand, was far from
making that e^cpediiion which the occafion required*-.
Michael in the mod undaunted manner {at upon the
enemy. They being more numerous, their fhip large*,
their commander of no Icfs experience than boldncfs,
and all their men well f]<illed in fea affairs, looked
with contempt on the brigantinc, and immediately
boarded her. There en died a defperate engagement,
but our people being at laft filled with the ucm'ofl: cof]>
fternation, hid themfelves in the hold. The governor
at this time rode along the coafb with a party of
horfe to obferve the fight : and when he fdw Mi-
chael in fuch diftrefs, he called aloud, and made fiir-
nals to his other fon to make all hafte to the airiilance
of his brother. But before Andrew could come up,
Michael had driven the enemy from his vefiJel, and dif-
engaged her from the pirate. Having rouzed his
men from their lurking holes, he reproached them
for their cowardice, and at length infpired them with
courage. He then made another attack on the ene-
my, and the two fhips having grappled e.ich other,
the fight was renewed with redoubled fury. The
pilot of the brigantine was killed, and his fon, toge-
ther with another relation, differed alfo the fame fate.
Pedro Vieira waslikewife defijerately wounded. Four
of the enemy jumped upon the forecafile of the Portu-
guefe vefTel. Michael however, catching hold of a fpear,
threw it amongft them with great force : luckily it
flruck one of the pirate brothers in the throat, and
killed him infbantly. The other three ftill remained,
but Michael taking up another fpear, attacked and drove
them over board, and again difentanglcd hiiiifelf from
U 2 the
292 The History of Book Xl*
the enemy's (hip. Then running towards the fternj to
confult the pilot what was proper to be done, he
found him and ftveral others dead, and when he looked
about for Vieira, a moft horrid fpedlacle prefented it-
fclf to his eyes : this unhappy man was lying in the
utmoft agony with his entrails hanging out of his
belly. As he was a man of age and experience, Michael
afked his advice in the prefent junfture. ' Go,
anfwered Vieira, ' drive thofe cowards from their
^ holes, who have again hid themfelvefj and fince
* you are left alone, ply your oars with the utmoft
* vigour and make off from impending deftrudion.'
He accordingly again broughc forth thofe fhameful
poltroons from their retreats. But the pirates feeing
feveral of our people killed, fome difabled by wounds,
and others behaving in fuch a daftardly manner, re-
newed the attack on the brigantine. Mean while
Andrew Vafconcelo appeared : the fight of him greatly
difcouraged the enemy, who being like wife tired of
fighting, and difheartned with the lofs of their com-
mander, fheered off. Michael Sylvio now confjlted
Vieira, whether he fiiould purfue the enemy. Vieira
advifed him to make towards the land, and by this
means endeavour to drive the pirate on the fhelves.
He accordingly followed his advice. The enemy
being not a little frightened, with all their fails and
oars, made towards the oppofite fhore. Many of
them jumped overboard, the grcatefl part of whom
were drowned. Eight fwam aOiore, and Were made
prifoners by the governor of Ceuta. Thus befoi'e
Andrew Vafconcelo came up, his brother had finifhed
the whole affair. This youth is certainly worthy of
the higheft encomiums, nor do I know which to praife
mofl:*, his bravery, which was fo great that he alone,
or with the affillance of a few, and thefe weakened
with wounds, did fo nobly v^ithftand fDch fierce and
defperate enemies: or his modefly which would allow
him to do nothing without confuiting thofe whom He
thought fuperior to himfelf in age and experience.
4 SomQ
Book XI. the PORTUGUESE, &G. 293
Some days after a party of the enemy appeared near
Ceuta. Gomez Sylvio having a:tacked them, they betook
themfelves to flight ; he followed them a confiderable
way, till at lafl he came to a river, which they partly
forded and pardy fwam over. Some of them, how-
ever, were killed. But Antonio Pereira, a man of
great diftindion, having fallen together with his horfe,
the enemy (who had not all paflTed over) turned up-
on him : Michael Sylvio immediately came up to
his afTiftance with five of the cavalry. The enemy-
wounded him in the thigh with a fpear; but his bro-
ther together with fome others coming up, the Moors
then thought proper to make off with the u|;moft pre-
cipitation.
IJ 7 BOO K
294 The History oF Book XII,
BOOK xir.
THIS year there happened an incident in Africa,
which had like to have produced fatal confequen-^
ces, but being unattended with any misfortune, was
the occafion of a deal of laughter. The king of Fez
being an adlive warlike prince, feldom allowed his men
to remain in a ftate of inaftion, but made frequent in-
curfions on our people. At this time he ravaged the
lands near Tangier, and meeting with no oppofition,
came before Arzila. There was then in this town a
common foidier who had been long fick of a tedious
and lingering diftemper. The phyficians had advifed
him by way of cure to eat crab-fifli. He was a mar*
of an excellent character, and greatly beloved by his
fellow- fold iers. And as he complained gricvoufly that
he could not get the only remedy for his d idem per,
twenty of the cavalry offered their fervice for thispur-
pofe, provided John Coutign the governor would give
them leave to go out of Arzila. Coutign very rea-
dily granted their requeft : they accordingly fet out
for a neighbouring river. When they came there,
having talu^n off the bridles and laddies from their hor-
fes, they faftened them with halters to fome trees on
the bank, and fixed their fpears in the ground. Then,
without the lead fear throwingoff their arms and cloaths,
they jumped into the water. The weather was then ex-
tremely hot, and they were likewife very fond of
fwimming, Co that byway of refrefhment, as well as
diverfion, they fwam a confiderable time, and caught
a large quantity of crab-fiih. One of the enemy's
fpies having obferved thefe men at their firft ferting
out, imagined they were a much larger body going
to
BookXir. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 295
to lay in ambufh in the v/oods, as it frequently hap-
pened, to furprize the Moors. He thought thefe
twenty were only a part of the Portuguefe van. He
therefore went immediately and gave information
to the king, who difpatched Hamelix the guide, and
the foldier who had obferved our men, with two hun-
dred ho rfe to guard the ford, which he thoughnhe
Portuguefe would p:Ss over. He likewife gave two
hundred more to the command of Martin, Abraham's
uncle, who had abjured our holy religion (for Abra-
ham was the fon of a Chriftian woman) ai:jd ordered
him to lie in wait at another part of the river. Ha-
melix carefully examined all the roads through which
he expected our people to pafs, and then marched
towards the river. However, he did not move with
fo much fecrefy, but he was obferved by the fpies froni
Arzila. They therefore immediately fired a cannon to
alarm thofe who had gone our, and all the foldiers
in the city v/ere called to arms by {ound of trumpet.
But the twenty Portuguefe were fo intent on their di-
verfion, that they did n'^t attend to the fignal, chough
often repeated. The fiOiing went on fucccfsfully, and
they were joking and jeiVing with each other, fo that
the water echoed with their fhouts and laughter. Bur
the enemy coming at lafl in fight, they then gave over
their paftime, and taking hold of their fpears, naked
as they were mounted their horfes without either fad-
die or bridle, and galloped towards the city. The
Moors purfued them, and our men turning upon tb.e
enemy, made all the refiltance they could, in their
prefent condition : one of the Portuguefe in the hurry
fell from his horfe -, Antonio Coucign, an Arabian,
who had embraced the Chrifbian faith, immediately
rode up to his afilftancc : this man having attacked
and difmounted one of the e-nemy Vv^ho advanced
before the reft, then helped up his friend fiom the
ground, and took him behind him on horfeback.
John Coutign marched ouc of the city with feme for-
ces to receive them flying-, and when he fav/ them
U 4 naked.
296 The History of Book XIL
raked, he was ready to fplit his fides with laughter :
being a man of a jocular difpofition, he was extreme-
jy merry on the occafion, and made all his mer^
laugh aifo very heartily. He bellowed the higheft
encomiums on Antonio Coutign, for his gallant be-
haviour. ' But left,' faid he, ' our fellow foldiers, in
« this figure, may fhock the modcfty of their fweet-
< hearts, kt us therefore, for the fake of decency,
* cover their naked nefs before they enter the city.*
Accordingly every one pulled off part of his cloaths
to fupply his naked friends, who being thus cquipt,
made their entrance into Arzila, amid ft the jokes and
witticifms of their brother foldiers. When Hamelix;
related this affair to the king of Fez, his majefty and
nil prefent could not contain their laughter. The
cloaths, fhields, nets, bridles and faddles, together
with one horfe belonging to our men, were feized as
fpoil. Thus that mighty prince returned home with thi^
confiderable booty. Coutign cloathed the twenty men
at his own expence : he gave Antonio a confiderable
prefent, and publickly praifed him for his gallantry^
in order to raife an emulation in others to imitate his
example. A few days after, H^melix, purfuant to
the commands of the king, came to Arzila to obferve
the motions of our people, but was repulfcd with
lofs : at another time he took one of the Portuguefe
fcouts, and carried him before the king. The cap-
tive being afl-Led many queftions about the ftate of
Arzila, made anfwer, that the city was well llored
with arms and ammunition, defended with a ftrong
garrifon of foldiers, and thefe commanded by a ge-
reral of the utmoft vigilance. The king now def=
pairing of making himfelf mafter of the place, dif-
miffed his army, and the Poituguefe fcout in a few
days after was ranfomed (y the governor.
This year Emmanuel refolded to build a fort at
the mouth of the river on which Teutan ftands. When
king Charles heard of this dGCign^ he fent a letter
to his Portuguefe' majefty, earneftly entreating him^
- '• ^ ■ - ' ' ■ . m
BookXlI. the PORTUGUESE, &:c. 297
to execute this ufeful work : For Teiitan was at that
time a recepracle for pirates, who greatly intefted
the neighbouring Teas. Pedro Mafcaregn, being ac-
cordingly fent to examine the place, founded the har-
bour, and brought word, that the fituation was ex-
tremely convenient for the purpofe, there being plenty
of fpring water, and that a (trong fort might be e-
redled there with great eafe. But Emmanuel being
hindered by other affairs, was obliged to defer the eJC-
ecution of ihis defign to another opportunity.
Mean wh le, John Coutign and Pedro Mafcaregri
made an excurfion. They marched in great danger,
over high mountains, through thick woods, and
narrow paffes, and having fct upon the enemy un-
awares, at the firft attack routed and drove them to
flight; and thus returned victorious with their prifo-
ners, and a confiderable booty.
Soon after, it happened that Antonia Azevedia, the
wife of Diego Soveral, hired a caraval to carry her
from Tangier to Arzila : fhe was accompanied with
her two couHns, Diego and Ayres C^iio. There was
likewifc aboard, one Antonio Grimaldo a fifherman,
who, together with fome others of the fame employ-
ment, had been taken by a pirate floop : this man,
however, having jumped into the fea, fwam to Tan-
gier, and at his arrival, informed Duarte Menez, that
the pirate had failed for Teutan, as he had indeed
imagined. Our people depended on the truth of this
intelligence, and the caraval failed from Tangier foon-
er than fhe othervvife would have done. But fcarce
had fhe got to fea, when fhe v/as aciacked by the
fame floop, and eight of the pirates immediately
boarded her. The Caeiios and Grimaldo, boldly eur
gaged them, and having killed four, obliged the other
four to quit the vefTel. The mariners then direded
their courle in fuch a m:inner, that they foon got a-
head of the (loop. But the enemy being informed by
thofe who had boarded the caraval, that fhe had only
;hree fighting men, and that the reit of the crew con-
filled
29^ The History of Book XII.
fifted of women and mariners, they now plied thei^
oars with the urmoft expedition, and having come
up with the Ponuguefe veilel, they again attacked
and grappled her. Sixteen of the pirates fword in
hand, immediately boarded the fore-deck. The Caslios
made a moll gallant defence: Grimaldo having wrap-
ped a frize cloke about his kh arm by way of a fhield,
took up a fpear in his right hand, and joined the two
brothers. The engagement was morefevere than could
have been expedled from a much greater number.
Above one half of the pirates were flain, and the
reft obliged to retreat to their floop. Whilft this
rencounter happened in the fore-deck, fome others of
the enemy had entered the ftern, but were repulfed
by the failors. Grimaldo laying hold of the grate
with the fire in it, threw it into the pirate: this fired
'the enemy's floop, and the afhes blowing in their
eyes greatly obftruded their fight. They then moved
off to a little diftance, and annoyed our people v/ith
their darts and arrows. Two Spanifh fhips happened
at that time to be failing this way : The Spaniards, as
foon as they obferved the fight, immediately jumped
into their long boats, in order to bring alliftance to
the Portuguefe, for their fhips being bulky, could not
approach. But before they came up, the enemy had
iheered off. The Spaniards towed the caraval to
their fhips, and took all poffible care of the wounded,
nor did they omit any ofEce of friend fhip and civi-
lity. The wounded, by the orders of Duarte Menez,
were conveyed to Tangier, and the Spanifli fhips being
reinforced with men, made for Arzila. The bravery
of Grimaldo, a man of mean birth, but endowed with
a noble foul, was greatly celebrated : he had received
many dangerous wounds in the late engageinent.
About the fame time, Francifco de Caftro governor
of the town called C. de Guerre, who had been in
Portugal about affairs of importance, returned to A-
frica. Turoquoquo was, at this time, a wealthy popu-
lous town, and flouriflKd with commerce. The peo-
ple
BookXII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 299
pie of this city had committed confiderable hoftilities
on the Portuguefe garrilon at C. de Guere, as well
as the confederate Moors. Francifco de Caftro drew
out his forces, and fenr for Xtque Melich, who, had
always remained faithful to Emmanuel, . Having
marched forth in the night, he furprifed the enemy
by day-break, took their town, and put many of the
inhabitants to the fword. He fet all the Chriflian cap-
tives at liberty, and made flaves of feveral of the ene-
my. Our people flew vaft numbers, but not near fo
many as were deftroyed by Xeque Melich's foldiers,
who, remembering the damages they had fuftained,
breathed nothing but fury and revenge.
Whilft thefe things happened in Africa, Malacca
being vigorcufly befieged and flormed by the king of
Bantam, was reduced to the greateft extremity: how-
ever, ic was luckily relieved by the arrival of Antonio
Correa, v/hom Sequeire had fent to the kingdom of
Pegu, with inftrudions alfo to touch at Malacca in
his way, and if there was occafion, to aflift this place.
The city being now delivered from its enemies, and
abundantly fupplied with provifions and warlike
flores, Correa proceeded on in his courfe, and having
a fair wind, foon arrived at Martaban, a fea-port in
Pegu. This is a large and extenfive kingdom, the
foil of which is extremely fertile. The country a-
bounds in all (brts of diamonds, and produces alfo
great quantities of gold and filver. The natives are
tawney in complexion, and live very elegantly. They
are much addided to luxury, and other deftrudlive
vices, v/hich greatly enervate them. They worfhip
falfe deities, and offer up facrifice to images. Their
pri; fts are held in the higheft honours, and they have
houfes, where religious perfons retiring from fecular
affairs fhut themfelves up, and fpend tht-ir time wholly
in piety and devotion : there are likewife places of the
fame nature for their women, who at their entrance
bind themfelves by folemn vows of perpetual chaRity.
Tne manners and cuftoms of this people in many
refpeds
■joo The History oF Book XIF,
refpe^ls refcmble thofe of the Chinefe. As foon as
Correa came to anchor with his fleet, he difpatched
Antonio Pazagna embafTador to the king, who re-
Tided at Pegu the metropolis of the kingdom. An-
tonio was received in a very friendly manner by his
majefly, who, after returning a fhort. anfwer, fent
with him to Martaban one of the chief priefls (who
are called Rolines) together with a nobleman of great
diftindion, and in the higheft employment. To thefe
he gave full power of fettling a treaty on juft and ho-
nourable terms. This was accordingly concluded
with great folemnity, and Correa having drawn up
the articles after the Fortuguefe manner, delivered
them properly fealed to the king of Pegu's envoys.
They likewife, according to the cuftom of their coun-
try, ordered the treaty to be engraved on a plate of
gold, and prefenttd it to Correa. The Portuguefe
contradled fo great a friendfhip with this people, that
they travelled the country, and went up and down the
city without the leaft apprehenfion of danger. The
wind now blowing from the north, Correa departed
for Malacca with five fhips loaded with provifions.
Whilft Correa was at Pegu, great difturbances
arofe in Sumatra, amongft the people of Pacem. A
certain ambitious man having formed a confpiracy
againft the king, killed him and feized the fovereignty.
He alfo put to death twenty five Portuguefe, who re-
fided there, whofe goods he confifcated, and commit-
ted all manner of hoftilities againft our people. Garcia
Sala, who then governed Malacca, fitted out a fhip,
which he manned with a firong body of foldiers, and
furnilhed with arms and ammunition. Emmanuel
Pacheco being appointed commander, was ordered
to cruize betwixt the ports of Pacem and Achem, and
to watch carefully, that the enemy had no provifions
imported, and to hinder their fifhing. Pacheco ex-
ecuted his inftru6lions with the utmoft vigilance: by
this means the people of Pacem were forely afflided
by faminCj for they chiefly fubfifted on imported pro-
vifions.
Book XII. thePORTUGUESE, &c. jci
vifions, and the fifh they caught: but now being de-
jirived of both, they were reduced to the utmolt ex-
tremity. Pacheco longed much for fome fiefli water,
and for this piirpofe difpatched a long-boat towards the
land, nearer the city. Befides rowers, there were in
the boat five men, who being let down into the river
fetched up the warer. Flaving got a fufficient quan-
tity, they were making down the river, vi^hen of a
fudden, great numbers of the enemy flocking to the
banks of each fide, fliowered Rones and darts, as thick
as hail, on the Portuguefe, who were in the greated
jeopardy. However, covering themfclves with their
Ihields, and pufhing on with all vigour, they got
clear of the river : but the tide being againil them,
and the wind failing, three of the enemy's lanchars,
as they call them, low-decked, but very long vefTels,
manned with a great number of common foldiers, as
well as feveral perfons of diftindion, purfued the long-
boat. One Zudamecio, a Javan of diftinguillied cou-
rage, was the chief commander. Our men were refo-
iute, and determined to die rather than fuixer them-
felves to be made flaves; and having invoked the di-
vine aid, prepared for an obftinate refinance: one
of the five Portuguefe, v/as a barber, who, being a
man of no lefs intrepidity than (Irength of body, caught
hold of the prow of Zudamecio's fhip, which firft cams
up with the long-boat : the other four boarded the
lanchar, and he immediately followed-, and with fuch
fury did they attack the enemy, that many of their
crew jumped overboard. The commander with his
drawn fword pufhed on his men, and threatened death
to thofe v/ho fhould give way : but neither his encou-
raging fpeeches nor menaces avaifing any thing, he
killed four of them. The enemy were in the utmoft
confternation : thofe who refilled were killed by the
five Portuguefe, whilft thofe who retired were (lain
by their commander; fo that after the confiidt had
continued fome time, moft of them were cut off by
the fword or drowned; for fo great was their panic,
that
362 The History oF Book XII.
that many threw thcmfelves headlong into the fea, as
Zudamecio did alio, after having received feveral
defperate wounds. There were in this fhip above
one hundred and fifty men. The other two feeing the
fate of the firft, were at once ftruck with fear and
amazement. The Portuguefc were at this time fo
much fatigued and weakened with their wounds, that
had they been attacked, they would have been unable
10 make the leaft reliftance •, bur the fame Providence
which had armed them with ftrength and refolution,
to perform fo furprifing an adion, hindered the ene-
my from attacking them in their prefent condition.
The lanchar being towed to Pacheco's iliip, was car-
ried to Malacca, where being haled a-fhore, a cover-
ing was put over her, and fhe was prefer ved as a
monument of this wonderful and almoil incredible
exploit.
The enemies of our holy religion faw plainly, that
this adlion furpaffed human ftrength, and (Iruck with
convidion, imputed it to a divine influence : nor in-
deed can it be any other way accounted for, that five
men fhould have the courage to attack one hundred
and fifty, and che event to be fuch, that they killed
moft of the enemy, and ft ruck fuch a panic into
the reft, that they threw themfelves headlong into
the fea. To the fame caufe we m.uft like wife impure
it, that the two remaining fhips of the enemy, whofe
men were frefh, dared not to attack five men worn
out with fatigue and wounds. From this affair, how-
ever, Pacheco might learn to be more fparing of the
lives of his men. For it would have been much more
laudable in him to have quenched his thirft with water,
though unfweet, than, merely to pleafe his tafte, to
run his men into fo much danger. The king of
Pacem, filled with amazement at che late exploit, fued
for peace, which, after he had given proper fatisfac-
tion, was accordingly granted. The names of four
of thefe heroes, were John Almtida, Antonio Pazagna,
Antonio
Book XII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 303
Antonio Vera, and Francifco Gramaxo ; the fifth is
recorded by no other name but that of the barber.
In the mean while, the king of Bantam was re-
newing his warhke preparations with the utmoft vi-
gour: Antonio Correa being defirous to attack a Na-
tion of his on the river Muar, and to ftorm the town
of Pado, which this prince had fortified, he com-
municated his defign to Garcia Sala, from whom he
obtained a gilley, with a pinnace and thirty more
fmall vefTels for this expedition: there were aboard
one hundred and fifty Portuguefe, and four hundred
Malayans. Vv^ith this force Correa fet out for the
Muar, the banks of which are covered with a moft
agreeable verdure, and in many places fo fhaded
with trees on each fide, that the light of the fl<y is
entirely fhiit out : having failed about twenty miles,
he came to a narrow (freight. Here the king of
Bantam had fixt a ftation, fortified with a double
rampart, and ftrengthened with a ftrong garrifon of
foldiers, to hinder the Portuguefe from going to Pado,
where he then refided, as being the moil convenient
place for carrying on his hoflile preparations. In the
deeped and narroweft part of the ftreighr, the king
had built acrofs a firong mole, where his foldiers
were placed : in the middle of this work there was a
large gate through which the fhips from Pado pafled,
and it was fliut every night. This he intended as a
bulwark againft the Portuguefe ; his fleet lay within,
and he entrufted the care of this ftation to one of the
bravert of his ofScers. Correa Tent before George
Mefurado in a fmall bark, to obferve the fiiuation of
the enemy. This man, at his return, brought word
that their ftation was ftrongly garrifoned, and that
the general, being apprized of the approach of our
people, had encouraged his men to prepare for an
engagement. Correa, ncvertlielefs, perfiiied in his
refolution, and about day-break, having attacked the
ftation with the utmoft vigour, foon became mafter
of it. Many of the enemy were flain, but the greateft
part
3O4 The History of iBiook Xll;
part fled to the king in the utmoft trepidation. Cor-
rca refolved to improve this advantage, before they
recovered from their panic, and accordingly having
left Duarte Melos at the entrance of the itreight, he
forced open the gate, and proceeded in his courfcc
The enemy, in order to obftrudl his palTage, had throwri
into tine river a great number of trees, which created
oreat labour and fatigue to our people, who could go
FiO further till they had removed all thefe obftacles.
Thefe difficulties, howevc^r, being at lad furmounted^
Correa came before the town. The king marched
forth with an army drawn up in battalia, and a con-
fiderable number of elephants. Our people, notwith-
ftandingali the oppofition they met with, got afhore.
A battle enfued, in which the enemy was routed and
put to flight. The Portuguefe purfued with too much
eagernefs: Correa therefore founded a retreat, foir
being unacquainted with the country, he was afraid
the enemy might lay in arnbufh in fecret places, and
rufhing out from thence furprife his men ftraggling.
The town was plundered and burnt, and above one
hundred fhips were deftroyed. The number of the
enemy which fell in this engagement, is not menti-
oned, but it was certainly very confiderable. Correa
having been thus fuccefsful, returned with a large booty
and many captives to Malacca, where he was received
with fuch honour and applaufe as his high merit de-
ferved. Thence he f^iiled to Hiiher India. The king^
feeing his army and navy thus deflroyed, was quite
difpirited. He returned to Bantam, and from that
time laid a fide all thoughts of war.
In the mean while there happened fome difturban-
ces at Couland in Hither India. The Portuguefe de-
manded of the regent queen, that, accordirig to her
faith and promifc, (he would make rcftiturion of the
soods which had been taken when Antonio Sala was
killed; and that fhe would likewife pay the quantity
of fpice agreed upon. Her majefly, though Ihe had
at firft refolved to adhere to the treaty with the
flriaea
Book XIL the PORTUGUESE, &c. 305
ftridlefl honour, /ec now was fo far worked upon by
the arts of the Arabians, that (he not only refilled
to fulfill the articles thei*eof, but alfo formed a defign
10 take the fort, and dellroy our people. This fhe
at firft endeavoured to compafs by (Iraragems, but
thele proving inefFe(5lual, fhe had recourfe to open
force. For this purpole flie entered into a league,
with the queen of Com ^rin. a kingdom adjoining to
Coulan, and bounded by a cape of the fame name.
The forces of the two queens being united, were in-
trufled to the command of three brothers, Naires, or
nobles of great diftinclion, and the war was begun in
the month of June, which is the height of winter in
thefc parts. The army confifted of twenty thou. and
men. The enemy killed feveral Indian Chriftians in-
habitants of the city : they threw poifon into the weils,
in order to hinder our people from water, and haviiio-
befct the fort, they (tormed it with the utmofl vio-our.
It was defended by twenty five Portuguefe only,
five of whom were laid up by ficknefs : thdQ had but
a fmall flock of provifions, and were likewife in greac
Want of powder and ammunition-, nor was it an eafy
mater, confidering the rigour of the feafon, to have
fupplies from Cochin. Hedor Roderigo, however,
pitched on a bold undaunted man, whom he fent
to Couch in to inform Alexo Menez of his prefent
fit lation. Menez immediately difpatched his nephew
Alphonfo Menez with twenty five Portuguefe, aboard
a fhip loaded with provifions and ammunition, who
accordingly arrived there fafe with this fmall reinforce-
ment. In the mean while the enemy were carrying
on the fiegi with the utmoft vigour, whiift our peo-
ple repulfcd them with amazing fortitude, for they
not only plied them with their cannon, but even
made frequent fallies, engaged them with their fpears
and fwords. Some of the Portuguefe were killed, and
many defperately wounded •, greit numbers of the af-
failants were likewife flain. The queens feeing they
could not carry the fort after a ficge of two months.
Vol. IL X i.nd
3o6 The History of Book XI L
and hearing at the fame time that.AIexo Mcnez was
making formidable preparations, they drew off their
forces, and defilled from hoftilitics. Soon after, they
fued for peace, which, after proper fatlsfadion given
for the la e breach of faith, was accordingly grant-
ed.
This year Emmanuel received vafl pleafure from
the convcrfation of a mod curious and indefatiga-
ble perfon, which not a little incited him to profe-
cute his great defigns. We have related above how
the velTcl commanded by George Quadra, being fepa-
rated from Duarte Lemos's fleet, was driven into the
port of Zrila, where all the crew being taken prifoners,
were carried to the king of Aden, who threvv^ them
into prifon, where they languilhed a confiderable time,
in the mod extreme indigence. In the mean while,
a neighbouring prince in Arabia, having declared war
againll this monarch,- overthrew him in feveral bat-
tles, flripped him of the greatefl part of his kingdom,
and fet all the prifoners at liberty. By this means
Quadra, together with five more Portuguefe, (for
the Ft ft had died in the utmoft mifery) were deli-
vered from jail. Quadra being a man of the greatefL
curiofity, was extremely defirous to vifit the neigh-
bouring countries -, for this purpofe, during his con-
finement, he had applied himfelf to the ftudy of the
Arabian language, v/ith the utmoft diligence. That
he might carry on his defign with greater fafety, he
pretended to be an Arabian, and aiiedtcd the higheft
fliew of zeal for the Mamometan rehgion. By this
mafk, which he put on, and wore with the utmoft
dexterity, he attracted the admiration of every one,
and at length infinuated himfelf into the good graces
of the king, and contraded with him the greateft
friendfhip and familiarity. This prince was a man of
the mofthumane difpofition, and very much biggoted
to the religion of his country. FJe was not a little
pleafed with the fan6tity of Qiiadra, whom he found,
moreover, to be a perfon of genius and abilities, and
was
Book XII. the P O R TU G UE S E, &c. 307
was therefore unwilling to part with him. When his
majefty went to vific the tomb of Mahomet at Mecca,
he took him along with him. When Quadra came
there he was informed, that, two days before the
king's arrival, a troop of camels had fet out for Da-
maicus : he therefore pretended, thac he had a ftrong
defire to vific the tombs of Mahomet's grand fons in
Perfia, to which kingdom the way by Damafcus is the
moil eafy and fafe, and accordingly entreated the
king to allow him to go after the camels. The
king being unwilling to lofe his company, and at
the fame time, afraid, that he couki not overtake
the camels, endeavoured to diffuade him from this
refolution. But Quadra having very much impor-
tuned his majelty, he not only granced his requeft,
but alfo fupplied him with money, and as much pro-
vifions as he could carry.
Having taken leave of the king, he fct out on his
journey, and travelled through many wild defarcs,
but could fee nothing of the camels, and being un-
acquainted with the country, he knew not which way
to take. His provifions too, in a few days, were
confumed, and the fun fcorched him intolerably, fj
that being quite fpent with heat and fatigue, he
could hardly draw along his legs in the findy ground.
In this extremity, he did not fail to mvoke the divine
adiftance in the moft fervent manner. Soon after he
came to a fandy hill, which he afcended, and when
he was defcending the declivity on the other fide,
he fpied a man on a cimel. Overjoyed with this
fjghr, he moved on with vafb alacrity, and had gone
but a little way further, when he^ perceived another
troop of camels making towards the fame pUce to
water there. Quadra went up to the men, and
having related to them his diilreffed cjnci o\ ir-
neftly implored their alTiftance. They beting touched
with pity, efpecially as they faw l,iai in a religious
habit, not only fupplied him with victuals, but fur-
nilhed him alfo with every other neceffary. Under
X 2 the
^oS Tke History of Book XII.
the g .'idance of thefe pcrfons, he travelled through
all the dcfarts, and afterwards, by the alTiftance of
his religious drcfs, paiTed unmoleiled through many
of the kingdoms in Arabia, obferving every thing
wkh the u:mofl: curiofity and exadnefs. He came at
length into Pcrfia, from whence he was condu6ltd
by fome Ar.ibian merchanrs to Ormus, where throw-
ing off the habic and religion of an Arabian, he re-
fumed his Chrinian garb and profcfTion. Garcia Cou-
tigTi then governor of Ormus, furniOied him with
clothes as well as money, and made him many con-
fiderable prcfents. Thence he went to India, where
he took fiiip for Portugal. In the year 1520, he
was iniroduced to Emmanuel, to whom he gave an ac-
count of all his travels and obf.rvations, ia the moil
diftinfh and accurate manner. He related how he
had examined ail iEthiopia above Egypt, andfurveyed
the lake, whence the Nile takes its fource. Ha gave
a particular detail of the manners, laws, and infti-
tutions of the Arabian Chriftians : he defcribed the fi-
tuition of Egypt, and talked very fully on the cuf-
toms and manners of the Arabians and Perfians. The
converfaiion of Qi-iadra gave the higheft fatisfa(5tion
to Emmanuel, who was thereby the more incited to
carry on his grand defigns in Arabia and ^Ethiopia.
His majcily having conjeclured, that it might be very
pradicable to pafs from the kingdom of Congo, to
the h?ad of the Nile, he therefore by large promiies fol-
licired (^ladra, ©f himfelf ftrongly inclined, to under-
take th;s affair.
The king accordingly fent him with letters to Congo,
ordering him to travel to the Iburces of the Nile, and
from thence to David king of ^Ethiopia. Quadra
having reached the port of Congo, was received by
the king in the moft friendly manner, but could by
no means procure a liberty of proceeding further.
This was thought to be owing to the malicious arts
of fome envious Portuguefe then rcfiding at Congo,
who
BookXII. thePORTUGUESE, &c. 309
who had great influence with the prince. Quadra th. re-
fore fee out again for Portugal, but at his return, Em-
manuel being dead, he entered into the Francifcan
order, and fpent the remainder of his days in the
duties of pi.ty and religion. Thele particulars we
thought proper to mention, that from thence may
appear the greatncfs of Emmanuel's feu!: he was al-
ways intent on fome noble enterprizc : by his means
fo many unknown countries were difcovered : bu^ how
uncertain are all the fchemes of frail mortals, Hnce
every nooment we are liable to be cue off from our
cuoft favojrite projrrds.
About this time the emperor Maximilian died, and
there were fome difputes in Germany about th^ fucccf-
fion. Many of the people were for Francis the French
king, but there was a much ftronger partyin favour
of Charles. The former by large promifes and pre-
fent^, had drawn many into his intereft. But Charles's
fovereignty in Hungary, his being educated amongft
the Germans, v^ho v;ere w-ell acquainted with his tem-
per and dirpoiirion, and his connecflion with many of
the German princes, gave him greatly rhe advannge
over his competitor. He was accordingly invited by
letters into Germany, to be crovv^ned emperor. Be-
fore his dcpariure from Spain, he fummoned a gene-
ral council of the people, who voluntarily gave him
large fupplics of money : but noiwirhllanding (heir
liberality, he, by the advice of William DecrevoConde
di Xtbra, his preceptor, impofed on thena rhe hea-
vielt raxes. In this 1 do nof pretend to cenfure the
avarice and rafhnefs of Charles, his youth pleading an
excufe, but furely the precep'or was highly to be
blamed. A king is not advanced to fo liigTi a flation,
that he may fleece his people by rigorous exadions, but
that he may provide tor their lafety and welfare. He
is properly the father of his country : he ought there-
fore not to fquander away the wealth of his kingdom
in unnecclTary expences, and it is incumbent on him,
when requifite, to venture his life in the defer.ce of bis
X 3 people-
310 The History of BookXII,
people. It is reafonable, to be fure, that a prince
fhould be fupported by the wealth of his fubjedls, that
he may be able to a6l for their prefervaaon. For by
his office, he is intruded with a muhiplicity of the
mod important affairs. The adminiftration of juftice
is in his hands : to him it belongs to reward the vir-
tuous, and panifh the wicked, and by his vigilance
the kingdom is to be guarded againft foreign invafions,
as well as intelline broils. Thefc things are committed
to the management of his wifdom and prudence, and,
when there is occafion, he is to have recourfe to arms.
Now, whoever imagines (hat fuch a truft can be ex-
ecuted without vaif expence, at once fliews his defi-
ciency in under If anding, and ignorance of life. It
is therefore a prevailing maxim amongfl all nations,
and enforced by divine, as well as human laws, that
a prince ought to be maintained by his people. It
is his duty, however, to manage his treafury with tire
utmoft frugality, not to be profufe thereof, unlels
when it is manifeffly for the advantage of his king-
dom, nor to amafs riches on a few avaritious per-
fons, to enable them to riot in luxury and fplendour,
"whiifl: the induffrious poor are reduced to mifery and
indigence : a prince, who, by this means affeds a
fhew of liberalify and munificence, will forfeit all prc-
tenfions to the more noble qualities of juftice and
clemency.
The late ftep of Charles, was n'^t only ungenerous,
but alfo highly impolitic. The kingdom had indeed
come to him by lawful inheritance, but . being bred
and educated in anotiier country, he v/as quite a
ilranger to the manners and cuftoms of the Spaniards.
He ought therefore, at hisnrfl: entrance among them,
to have endeavoured to ingratiate himfelf into their
affe6fioi.s, and, inftead of heightening, rather to have
lefTened their ufual taxes. The young prince, however,
may be p[tiy vindicated, fince his nacural modefty
was fuch, that he allowed himfelf to be entirely fwayed
by the advice of his preceptor 5 but furely the beha-
viour
Book Xil. the P O R T U G U E S E, &c. 3 r t
viour of this old avaridous tutor, cannot be fufficiently
detefled. Many of the people, (Irengthened by fomc
of rhe nobility, refufeci to comply with Charles's de-
mand. This fpirit, had it bem kept within proper
bounds, was not to be difcommended : but a multi-
tude, hurried on by an immoderate dcfire of liberty,
are generalfy without moderation, conduct, or pru-
dence : at the beginning of this tumult, Charles had
gone into the Low Countries -, the number of the fcdi-
tious increafed daily, and many of the cities revolted.
The grcateft part of the nobility remained in the in-
tercft of Charles ; fome of them, however, fond of
popularity, alTociated themfeives v/ith the midecon-
tents. The rebels entered into a rcfulution, not only
to ftrip Charles of his crown, but alfo to feize the
efl'ates of the nobility, and to form their.fclves into a
free ftate, after the manner of the Swifs •, for they
did not confider, that this form of goyernment, which
had been of fuch a long ftanding amongft the Switzers,
could not be kept up amongft a people of fo mucli
pride and infolence. This feditious rabble, paflied on
by frantick madnefs, as if they had already gained
their point, threatened fire and fword to ail who e!-
poufed the royal caufe. They committed all manner
ofourrages, and by their rapine and flaughter, fpread
an univerfal confternation throu2;hout the kino-dona.
Antonio Fonfeca, having f(^t fire to MetimnadeCampo,
one of the cities which had revoked, entirely deftroyed
all the wealth of that opulent place. None at this
time were allowed to fpeak their fenriments; for if any
one happened to fay, that he thought it was reafon-
able, that liberty ought to be defended with modera-
tion, but not to the deftrudion of the prince, fuch
an expreflion was puniflied with^ immediate death :
nay, in many places, a figh was even interpreted as
a crime. The nobility, in concert with the cities which
remained faithful, finding all other endeavours inef-
fedlual to quell the fed ition, began now to prepare
for war with the utmofl: vigour. They likewife fent
X.4 embaf-
3 1 2 The History of Book XIL
embafladors to Eminaniiel, earneftly craving his af*
fiftance a^ainft the rebels. The maltrcontents find-
ing themleives reduced to great extremity, fent alfo de»
puties to his Portiigiiefe majefty. They faid, • They
* had been opprefTed and injured in fuch a manner, as
* no men of i'pirit could tamely put up with ; that
* they would give up their towns and citadels, and
* their all to his power , earneftly imploring him to
* take under his protcftion a king lorn fo opulent,
* and fo m.uch attached to his majefty, and that he
* would aflert the caufe of a people labouring under
^ lb many grievances/ Emmanuel rejedled this of-
fer, and toki the i.leputies that they fhould learn to
be loyal to their prnjce, and to fet bounds to their
jicentioufneis. Ti e prefcnt diputc, he faid, might
have been eafily adjuiled by the good fente and hu-
manitv of Charles, had it not been prev-nted by the
mifchievous arts of fome turbulent leaders, who had
pufhcd th^m on to the late infurrecflion. Befides, he
bitterly reproaching them, that under a pretence of
liancing up for liberty, thfy had bafely emered into a
combmadon to overthrow the regal power. However,
or concuion they would acknowledge their fauir, and
humbly fubmit themfelves to Charles, he promiled to
v\v ills intereff to procure them pardon and reconcili-
ation. As to the propo'al they made him, he replied,
that he would not purchafe the greateft empire in the
world, at the expence of his faith and honour. The
embaffadors from the nobility he anfwercd by anions
more than words. He fjpplied them with artillery,
ammunition and money. A battle was accordingly
fought, the event of na hich was,^ that the rebels were
entirely defeated, and the chiefs taken prifoners. John
Padillia, Anton'O bifhop of Zamora, Pedro Pimin-
tello, Pedro Maldonado, a few nobility, and fome of
the fcum of the mob, raifed to gieat honours in the
late tumults, who had all been principal leaders in
the rebellion, fufFered death-, and a free pardon was
given to the com.mon men.
This
BookXII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 313
This year Jehabentaf, by the artificer of fome fccret
enemifs, became fufpcdcrd by Nunez Milcaregn : this
being known amongll the Moors, the Dabidians and
Garabians revolted, and ibme of them phindercd him,
Mafcaregn accufed him of treachery to Emmanuel.
Jehabentaf fent deputies with lecrtrs to. iheking, en-
treating him to make a fair exmiination into his con-
duel, and if found guilty of the leafl: brc^ach of faidi,-
or diOoyalty, he laid he Ihoidd think no puniflKr-enc
too great for his perfidy. Emmanuel complied with
this rcafonable demand, and ordered Mafcaregn to
countenance the man, and give him all manner of
afTi fiance. Jthabenta.f having accordingly petitioned
foraiu againi' thofe who had revoked, Mafcaregn gave
him fixty hoife and fome foot for that pufp.)fe. En-
couraged by tnis reinfotcemcnt (for he was willing to
fhew every one that he was not delVuute ot Emma-
nuel's adiftance) he led fonh his troops, and en-
gaged the enemy. Having gained a compleat vic-
tory, he again reduced them to obedience, and thus
by his bravery and condut^ the late infurredions vveie
entirely quieted.
About the fame time, Vafco Ferdinand CseGr,
being on a cruize in the lireights of Gibraltar, did
the enemy coiifiderable damage. Two of their large
fhips which had taken many prizes, puffed up by
their liaccefs, and being well manned, and furnillied
with plenty of ammunition, failed againft him. C^-
far made towards them, with great expedition-, the
commander of one of the fhips feeing him coming
up fo boldly, was flruck with a panic, and having
tacked about, akered his courfe. The captain of the
other finding himfelf left alone, fheered offalfo, but
Csefar purfued him clofeiy. He plied him very
brifkly with his cannon, and drove him which way
he pleafed ; and notwithftanding the fea was then
exceeding high and llormy, yet he chafed the Ihip
till he forced her a-(hore. Then getting into
his long-boat, he ordered thofe in ike (hip to annoy
the
314 The History oF Book XII.
the enemy with their darts, till he came to clofe quar-
ters with them. They endeavoured to get afhore,
but Csefar purfuing them clofely, an engagement en-
fued. Many of the enemy were killed, and the reft
betook themfelves to flight, but thefe fell into the-
hands of Pedro Alvarez Carval, governor of Alcazar
Zequar, who being alarmed by the noife of the can-
non, took them all prifoners. Casfar having received
his fhare of the plunder, repaired again to his Ihip.
A few days after, Csefar being on the fame cruize was
fet upon by fix galleys. The enemy were extremely
defirous to deftroy this formidable man; and now-
thinking he could notefcape, they fet up fhouts of joy,
and at once poured into his fhip a volley of darts, bul-
lets, and all manner of miffive weapons. C^far, how-
ever, kept them off by a continual firing, and by
frequently tacking about, balked all their attempts.
He killed fcveral of the enemy, fo that their fury
began nov/ to flacken apace. Cspfar obferving this,
attacked the three headmoft galleys which kept clofe
together, the others not being able to come up by
reafon of the wind. The enemy made a ftout re-
fiftance. Caefar, however, having ordered one of his
largeft guns to be fired, the ball brufhing along the
fide of one of the galleys, fweeped off all her oars :
the veffel thus difabled retired under covert of the
other two, but being refitted with the utmoft: expe-
dition, all the thriee jointly renewed their attack, and
endeavoured to furround the Portuguefe veflel. C^far
at this jun6iure performed the part of a gallant and
able officer ; he was prefent in every part of the fliip,
direding and animating his men to the fight. The
cannon being fired with great briflvnefs, did confide-
rable execution amongft the enemy, who found the
confiift much more fevere than they expeded. The
greateft part of the rowers in one galley, were de-
ftroyed by a cannon fhot. The enemy feeing many
of their men flair>, and two of their velTels in a fhat-
tered condition, were now convinced, that they could
not
BookXII. thePORTUGUKSE, &c. 315
not take the Portuguefe fliip, without the utmoft
danger, and therefore quitted the fight. Crrfar being
a bold indefatigable man, purfued them : but the ene-
my having the advantage by their oars, whilll he had
only faijs, and the wind failing, he cjuld not come up
with them. Having been thus fucccfsful, he put in
at the port of Mahiga, to bury his dead, and to have
the wounded cured.
In the meart while the Portuguefe at Afmior had like
to have come into danger by the v/icked artifices of
Beiiaduxera, a Moor of great power. He was a man
of high dirtindtion, famous for his w^eahh and renown
in Africa. He had under him above fifteen hundred
horfe, befides a confiderable body of foot. He had
thrown off his allegiance to the king of Fez, and for
that reafon was engao^ed in war with him: but beins
defeated in a pitched battle, he fenc letters to Ncr-
hogna, governor of Afamor, offering to come under
Emmanuel, and to bear arms againft ail his ma-
jefty's enemies. Norhogna thought the friendfhip of
fuch a man was not to be defpiled, and accordingly
admitted him into the city, attended with two hun-
dred horfe. He bellowed on him the highed marks
of honour, and, wirh the confent of the Xerqnan
ofHcers, made him chief commander over thefe Moors.
Benaduxer, that he might give the greater pioof of
his loyalty, fent his brother Feres to Portugal with
many confiderable prefcnts for Emmanuel, who in
the kindefl; manner received him into his prote6lion.
Feres, after having been treated with the highefh ref-
ped, was difmiffed to Africa with the ftrongeft af-
furances of his majefty's favour and friendfhip. Em-
manuel ordered Melos toaffilf the two brothers, when
they flood in need of his aid, that with their united
ftrength the war might be carried on with greater
vigour. Melos accompanied with Feres marched to
Afamor with feventy five horfe and fome f '..r, and
foon after he joined Benaduxer, who brought with
him one thouiand one hundred and twenty cavalry.
Their
3i6 The History of Book XII.
Their forces being thus united, they marched to the
head of the river Diucis, one hundred and twenty miles
froni Afamor. There they attacked thirty two troops
of the enemy's cavalry, of whom they made terrible
daughter, and, after a month's abfence, returned to
Afamor with four hundred and eighty two prifoners,
and an immenfe booty. Their arrival gave the mod
iinexpreffible fatisfa6lion to the people in the city, who,
after fo long a ftay, imagined they had all been de-
ft royed.
Benaduxer, however, being extremely defirou> to
be reinftated in the king of Fez's favour, by the in-
tfreft of fome friends, procured a promife of recon-
ciliation, on condition he fhould betray into the hands
of that prince, as many as he could of the Chriftians.
In order to carry on his fraudulent fcheme, he defired
to have Mclos along with him, on fome pretended ex-
pedition: this requeft, though frequently urged with
great importunity, could not be obtained from Nor-
hogna, who began to fufpect f^me treacherous de-
fign. He kept his fufpicion to himfelf, thinking it
unreafonable to punifh a man on a bare furmife, but
at the fame time, thought it would be highly impru-
dent to truft a perfon, whom, by feveral circumftances,
he had reafon to imagine was of a fickle and perfidious
difpofition. However, that he might nor give him um-
brage, he feigned many plaufible excufes. Bena-
duxer thus baulked of his expecftation, and ftraring his
defign might come to light, left Afamor and went to
Mazagran, where having waited on Anronio Ladleo
governor of the town, he defired that he would fupply
him v/ith fome cavalry, to carry on an enrerprize of
the utmofr importance, telling him that Norhogna,
was to fend him a confiderable body of horfc, but that
the affair, if executed with expedition, might be ac^
complifhed with the utmofl facility. Ladleo not in
the lead fufpedfing any treachery, gave him fifteen
horfe and fome foot. When Benaduxer had inarched
about feventy miles vviih his own forces, together with
tbofe
BookXII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 317
thofe which Lad:eo had given him, he then com-
municated his defign to his hrothcr, telling him, he
wanted greatly to recover the friend (hip of the king
of Fez, choofing rather to be under a prince of the
fame country and religion, than be fubjecfi to a ftranger
of fuch different manners and cuPioms. And that
he might the more readily regain his afftclicns, he
faid he intended to deliver up thofe Chiiflians, whom
he had decoyed for that purpofc, hoping that by fuch
a fervice, he might attone for his former injuries to
that prince. To which Feres replied, * Had you,
* brother,' faid he, ' but beheld that prince whom
* you are about to betray, charmed with his benign
* countenance, you would never have thought of
* perpetrating io black a crime. But have you no
* regard to faith ? Do you fet at nought the folemn
< ties of treaty? Have you no fenfe of gracirude for his
* experienc'd kindnefs and unbounded liberality? That
* prince received you, nay, heaped favours on you,
< when in a forlorn condition, and is this the requi-
* tal you are about to make, bafely to betray him
* without the leaft provocation ? The injury you
* have in your power to do is but trifling, but tri-
* fling as it is, it will afl'ord a mofl: glaring proof of
* your malice and perfidy. For you who can bafely
« deliver up to flavery fifteen of his brave fubjefls en-
< trufted to your fidelity, would undoubtedly, fliould
< occafioQ offer, ftrip Emmanuel of his kingdom and
< even of his life, in direct violation of the foiemii
* oath you huve lately taken. Befides, you do not
* confider in what a fufpicious light you mud fland
' with your native prince, from whom you have re-
* volted, and againfl: whom you have levied war:
* in the perpetration of which treafon, being worfled,
* plundered, and put to flight, you had rccourfe to
* Emmanuel, who pirying your dillrefs, received you
* into his protedlion : but if you prove faithkfs to
« him alfo, can you imagine the king of Ftz will
* ever put a<»y confldenca in a man who has once and
* again
31 8 The H I s T o R Y of Book XII.
* again forfeited his allegiance ? It is a received max-
* im, that though princes may approve of the trea-
' fon which is conducive to their interell, yet they ge-
* nerally hold tiie traitor in u'ter deteftation. But if
* you are determined once more to change fides, and
* go over to the king of Fez, who is your impla-
* cable enemy, and who accounts no ties of honour
' facred, furely you ought not to carry along with
* you any monument of your perfidy. You have at
* prefent the ilandard of Emmanuel, an enfign of his
* confidence and friend (hip, which will be a fignal
* maik of your treachery and ingratitude. You car-
' ry likewife v/ith you, a magnificent tent, the gift
*- of his Portuguefe majefty, which, wherever it is
* pitched, will alfo be a memorial of your perfidy,
* So long too as thefe men, whom you intend fo
' bafely to betray, remain with you, your wicked-
' nefs cannot be forgot. Imitate rather the pra6tice of
* the Chriflians. When a Chridian is about to throw
' off his allegiance to his prince, in order to avoid the
* imputation of ingratitude, he refigns all the wealth
* received from his fovereign, that he may not carry
* any marks of his treachery. Qjit that flandard
' then, Irft it may proclaim your guilt. Leave your
* tent ; and fuffer thefe Chriftians to depart unmo-
* leded, fince, if they remain, they will be living tef-
* timonies of your perfidious Ixhaviour.' Feres having
thus fpokc his fentiments with great warmth and
boldnefs, not a little exafperated his brother, and they
had drawn their fwords on each other, but Feres
being much the weakeft, could not cope with Be-
naduxer : However, he at laO: prevailed on him to
fend back Emmanuel's Ilandard and tent, and to
allow the Portuguefe to depart. When the two bro-
thers came to the king of Fez, he ordered them
both to be beheaded. He thought it moft confident
wiih his fafety to get rid of two fuch men, who by
their power and intereft might poflitrly have raifed a-
nother infurredlion. The reafon affigned for this,
2 was,
BookXlI. the PORTUGUESE, &:c. 319
was, becalife Benaduxer had fent back the Chriftians,
together with the ftandard and tent, and Feres had
urged his brother thereto by frequent folicitations.
Wliilfl: thefe affairs were tranfacfled in Africa, Se-
queire was fitting out a large fleet in India to attack
Diu, but he kept the defign fecret. Melich Saca,
however, ftrongly iufpedled thefe preparations were
againft Diu ; he therefore, partly to footh Sequeire
into a favourable difpofition, and partly to found his
intentions, fent one Camelo to him with confiderable
prefcnts, and lerte.s full of the mod friendly pro-
teftations. Sequeire received this man with all the
appearance of civility, laying, he had the higheft re-
gard for Melich Saca, as well as his father. But
Camelo being a flirewd and fharp-fightcd man, faw
through this diffimulation, and difcovered that the
fleet was defigned againft Diu. He therefore wrote
to Melich Sacca, and one Aga Mahumed, a man of
great diftindion, advifmg them to fecure the city with
a ftrong garrifon, which they accordingly did with
the utmoft diligence and expedition. The fleet
being fully equipc and manned, Sequeire called a
council of his officers, where he communicated to them
the expedition he was going upon in purfuance of
Emmanuel's inftrudions, and encouraged them to
imbark in the enterprize with fpiric and refoiu-
tion. They gready approved ot the defign, and every
one fhewed the utmoft alacrity to engage therein.
Sequeire had eiglity fail of fliips : there were aboard
three thoufand Portuguefe, and one thoufand Naires,
commanded by the moft brave and gallanr oflicers.
A more numerous and better furnifhed fleet had ne-
ver been fitted out by any of our viceroys v:. India.
In the beginning of February 1521, Sequeire came
with his fleer on the coaft of Diu ; Melich Saca im-
mediately fent deputies to congratulate him on his
arrival. However, by way of precaution, under fome
fpeciocs pretext, he took into cuftody Ferdinand Mar-
tin Evangelo, and the reft of the Fortuguefc in the
city.
320 The History of Book XII-
city, as hoftage^-. Seqiieire pretended that he Wa3
obliged to go to Ormus, to fettle fome commotions
there, and that he had occafion for Evangelo and the
others, to tranfad foriie of Emmanuel's affairs. Me-
lich Saca and Aga Mahumed replied that our people
could not carry on trade, nor be entertained better any
where than at Diu ; adding, that they were willing
to fhew, by the utmoft civility and complaifance to
the Portuguefe, that no city could be more attached
to Emmanuel. Sequeire invited Melich to a confe-
rence, who accordingly came to the place appointed,
accompanied by Aga Mahomed, and attended with
a guard. The fubftance of what Sequeire delivered at
this interview, was, ' That he was then failing for
* Ormu?, to fettle the affairs of that ftate; but in his
' way thither, as a friend and ally, he thought proper
' to touch at Diu, to requefl: of Melichiaz the li-
* berty of building a fort, for the greater fecurity of
* the Portuguefe, who traded in that city.' To this,
Sacca made anfwer, ' That Emmanuel's fubjefts were
* no lefs fafe in Diu, than in their native country •,
* but as to building a fort, this he would by no
* means permit without the orders of his father.' Se-
queire then again defired him to deliver up the Por-
tuguefe, to which Sacca replied, * That fuch a requeft
« refleded the highefl dilhonouron the people of Diu.
* Your demanding, faid he, thofe men, who refidc
* amongfi: friends and allies, to be given up, is a ftrong
* mark of your fufpicion and diffidence, than which
* nothing can be at once more injurious and de-
* ftrudlive to ffiendfhip. And fhould we comply
* with your requeft, at a time when your fleet lies
* in our harbour, it would be the highell indication
' of our abjc6t fear and pufillanimity.' This con-
feience accordingly ended in nothing; Sequeire then
again fummoned a council of his officers : many dif-
ferenr opinions were delivered, but it was at lafl re-
folved, as the city was at that time io ftrongly forti-
fied and well ganifoned, to defer the fiege till another
oppof"
Book XII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 321
opportunity. It was Jikewife thought that a regard
ought to be had to the iktety of \hc F< rtuguefc* in
cuftody.
When this refokition was known amongft the fol-
diery, they vvere extremely diiracsfied, nor di(i they
fail to inveigh in the rnoft virulent manner againft
Sequeire and the reft of the officers. They comp' iin-
cd. That now the Porcugutfe fpirit feemcd to be ex-
lind: ; that tiie commanders were intent on gratifying
their infatiable avarice, and had no regard to the
intereft and gk)ry of their country, nor W(;ukl they
give their men any opportunity to exert their courage :
in fhort, by the pufilianniiity of the viceroy that a na-
tion, of late io dreaded in the eai^, was now finking
into contempt. ' The city (faid they) isfulloffol*
* diers. But when was this difcovery made? Not till
* the time of adion approached ; ought not a wife
* and prudent general to have made proper enquiry
* concerning the fituation of the enetny, before he
' had proceeded fofar in the expedition?* By his mif-
management the affair was begun with the rnoft
precipitate rafhnefs, and this formidable and expen-
five fleet having come before the city, did noihing :
nor can we help imputing it to abjeft fear, which, in
the name of prudence, had taken place of 'rue bravery*
Some, however, alledged by way of excuie, that a re-
gard was to be had to the fafety of the Portuguef:;
in cuftody, as if a much greater number mult not
have fallen in a fiege: yet an appreiienfion of this
nature, does n.ot ufually deter generals from fuch at-
tempts. Befides, theperlons who argued in this man-
ner, did nor coniidcr, that even thofc in cuftody, were
more likely to be preferved by the bravery than cow-
ardice of our people. For whilft the enemy dread
our arms, they will be afraid to huit our men, but
if we once btcome ddpicable, they will treat ihcfc
Portuguefc in the moft injurious manner. This and
fuch like was the talk of the common f.)idiery. There
was llkewife another circumftance which gave room for
Vol. IIo Y fufpicion,
322 The History oF Book XII,
fufpicion, and greatly irritated their minds. Evangelo,
after having given hoRages, was permitted to go fre-
quently to the fleet. This man forefeeing the ap- '
preaching danger, as often as he went aboard, car- \
ried with him part of his wealth and valuable effeds,
and the reft ot the Portuguefe did the fame. Hence a
report arofe, that all this treafure was fent by Saca to
Sequeire, as a bribe for him to drop his defign againft
Diu.
Seqneire thinking it would be to no purpofe to
make any longer fbay, fet fail for Ormus. He fent
Akxo Menez to Cochin, that he might prefide there
durin;;, hi^. abfence. He ordered George Albuquerque
to Malacca, George Britto to the Molucco illands,
and difpatched Raphael Pereftrelio to the kingdom
of China. Pie left Diego Ferdinand de Beja, Nunez
Ferdinand Macedo, and Emmanuel Macedo on the
coaft of Diu. Thefe officers were to remain there un-
der an appearance of friendfhip, and a pretence of
buying provifions to fend to Cochin, and when an
opportunity offered, they were to receive aboard the
Portuguefe who had been detained, with all their ef-
fects, and then declare war againft the city. This
fcheme was eafily put in practice ; for the men in power
at Diu, as foon as the feet quitted the harbour, fet
the Portuguefe at liberty, and allowed them to go
wherever they pleafed. Our people hkewife furprized
fomc of their fhips, which ventured out to fea with-
out the leaft apprehenfion. This proceeding however
was certainly to be highly blamed : to what purpofe
now to declare war, when the Portuguefe firength
was at fuch a diftance, and fo lirtle harm could be
done the enemy .f* Jf the viceroy with fo formidable a
fleet, defpaired of taking the city when flightly for-
tified, was it not the highcft madnefs and abfurdi-
ty to venture on fuch an attempt with fo frnall a
force, when the city was fo ftrongly defended ? Had
the Portuguefe attacked it before, they might have
carried on the enterprize with more ftrength, fafety,
2 and
Book XII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 525
and lefs appearance of injuiVice. But fince fo noble
an opportunity had been already negledled by Sequeire,
it would now have been more prudent to defer the
war, till he had returned from Ormus; then under
a plaufible pretext, he might have attacked Diu lefs
upon its guard, with all his (Irength and vigour.
About this time the Portuguefe eflabJifhment at
Goa, was threatned with great danger. Sequeire in
fi(ting out and manning fo large a fleet, had drained
the garrifon confiderably. This did not efcape the
knowledge of Zabaim Idalcam, who lookinjj upon it
as a fine opportunity to recover Goa, raifed a for-
midable army for that purpofe. But Crifnagar king
of Narfinga his inveterate enemy, imagined that
when he had regained Goa, he would turn his arms
againft him, therefore refolved to divert him from this
defign by a vigorous war. Crifnagar had likewife
another inducement, which arofe from his apprchen-
fion, left, when Zabaim had made himfelf mafter of
Goa, he might engrofs all the Perfian and Arabian
horfes. That the war might be carried on with the
utmoil: vigour and diligence, he refolved to take upon
himfelf the management thereof, and to command
his army in perfon. There were accordingly feveral
battles fought with various fuccefs. However, the
king of Narfinga at laft gained a complete victory 5
he took by ftorm many cities belonging to Idalcam,
and reduced feveral provinces under his fubjecflion,
amongft which were thofe of Balagata,, which yielded
a confiderable revenue : but Crifnagar being a prince
already immenfely rich, did net think the pofieiTion of
thefe places, was fo important as the traffick in borfes.
In order therefore ro ingratiate hirnfrlf wi.h the Por-
tuguefe, he lent a deputy to Roderig') Meos, at that
time gov.-rnor of Goa, offering up thf poflTefTion of
the provinces of Balagata to Emmanuel, whom he
faid he elteemed as his own brother, and was wil-
ling to giv<- him the higheM proofs of hisfriendfnip
and affcclion. He added moreover, that, as fooa
Y 2 as
324 The History of Book Xlf.
ar, Seqiieire retarned from Ormiis, he would difpatch
emballadors to him in order to conclude a fo'emri
Trtacy. In the mean while he defied Mclos, without
delay, to take poiTcfi'ion of the provinces, and to fer-
tle garrifons there. Melos was not a little overjoyed
2t tnis mefiage from the king (f Narfinga, by whole
means the Portiiguefe were faved from impending
war, and EmmanuePs revenues uere likely to receive
a conficitrable addition. Having returned thanks to
the kw g, and feni him feme prelents, he fet out with
p.vo hundred Portuguefe cavalry, and fevcn hundred
I Indian infantry for Salfit, which he found almoft
cvacuatvd. hieie he fcaid for a fhort time, and in-
vited back the people by all poffible encouragement :
he fettled every thing nevCedary for the govern-
ment and defence of the country, and at his depar-
ture, iippointed his nephew Roderigo Jufarte Melos,
lieutenant and receiver general of the taxes: and
having received intelligercc, that the provinces of
Fordo and Barda were likewife defer: ed by their in-
. habitants he ordered Jufarte to take polTcfTion of
them a'fo. Abouc two months afterwards, Jufarte
being informed that two of Idalcam's generals were
advancing againft him with a conliderable army, fent
advice theres f to his uncle, who immediatcrly marched
to his adiilance v\i:h a large reinforcement. A battle
accordingly enfued, in which our people gained a
complete victory. Several of ihofe who had joined
with the enemy were feverely puniflied, and about
one hundred and thirty perfons of difl:in6tion, were
carried prifoners to Goa : thefe were kept as hoftages,
and foon after a treaty of peace was concluded.
Aboiit this time, there happened fome diRurbances,
in the ifland ofQylon, chiefiy ov. ing to the outrage-
ous behaviour of our people. Lopez Soarez, as we
have already mentioned, had ereded a fort in the
port ofColumbo: he had been obliged however to
build it in the utmofl: hurry, and there being no mor-
tar, it was compofed of mud and (lones huddled to-
gether
EookXII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 325
gethcrr without method. Loptrz Britto, who fucceed"
ed John Sylveire in the command of this Fort, or
dertd ic to b^ pulled down from the fuimdation, bt^-
ing refolved to rebuild it in a flronger manner. Fo^*
thispurpofe, he brought with him four hundred work-
men, togerher with all proper materials. T.ie fcrt
being finifhed, our people began to hrhavt* very
haughtily, and feemed to pique thttmlrives on com-
mitting infults on the inhabitants. They, in their
turn, nettled at fuch ulage, fhcwcd their refentmenc on
every occafion, refufcd to fupply the garrifon with pro-
vifions, and as often as they found any Portuguei'e
alone, never failed to give him a found beating.
Britto feemed to put up with thc-fe injuries received
from the inhabitants, and ftridly charged his mzn
to refrain from all hoftilities. In the mean while,
however, he fent to the magiilrates in tht town, ear-
neltly requefling, that they would kecu their people
in proper command. But. the Portuguef^ foldiers were
unable to contain their indignation : they accufed
Britto of cowardice and timidity, becaufe he tamely
bore fuch grof^ infults, and u^ged him inccffantly to
biing the inhabitants -o a better behaviour, by the
mod rigorous meafurc-s. Bitto was greatly averfe to
war, becaufe he f -refaw the dangerous confcquences,
for the enemy by withholding provifions, migiu re-'
duce him and the reft of the Portuo-uefe to the mod
extreme want and iiidigence: however, being at hid:
overcome by the i importunity of his foldiers, he chofe
rather to gratify their humour, than, by adhering
to the rules of pruclence, to difcharge the duty of
his truft : in thi, we fee plainly how difncult, yet
how glorious it is to defpife faife-^ applaufe, rather
than to run headlong on the enemy's fvvords. We
have had many inflances of commanders, who,
through a fear of popular contempt, have, in direcft
violation of their own judgment, ruihed into the mofc
precipitate danger, and thereby iiwolved their country
in great misfortunes. Thence we may conclude, that
Y 3 he
326 The History of Book XII.
he is the truly brave man, who is not only fearlefs
of death, but alfo fets at nought all the calumnies of
a giddy multitude.
Britto therefore, through a f;mr of falling under
the CO, tempt of his ignorant foldiers, run into a
real mifcondud:, for which his inconfiderate raOinefs
is highly blameable. About mid-day, at which
time the natives generally repofe themfelves in their
houfes, becaufe of the violent heat of the climate, he
marched out of the fort with one hundred and fifty
Portuguefe, and falling on the inhabitants unawares,
killed great numbers of them, and put the reft to
flight. Thofe who had fled having recovered them-
felves from their pannic, and recoile6uing that their
wives and children were left in the town in a deflitute
condition, formed themfelves into a body, and
marching back, attacked our people with uncommon
vigour. The Portuguefe, overpowered by numbers,
were obliged to retire, and abour tiiirry were killed.
The flaughter would certainly have been much greater,
had it not been prevented by the precaution of Britto,
who, to cbftrud the enemy'.*^ purfuic, ordered the
flreet leading to the fort to be fired.
This affair at Ceylon being rumoured abroad, it not
a little raifcd ihe indignation of the neighbouring
Indians, that fuch a handful of Portuguefe fettled in
a flrange country, fhould dare, and without the lead
provocation too, to commit fuch outrages againft a
people who had treated them with friendfhip and hof-
pitality. It was therefore unanimoufly refolved to a-
venge fuch injurious treatment. Above two thoufand
men affcmbled to beDege the fort. They accordingly
befet the place, dug trenches, railed ramparts, and
having planted batteries, kept a continual firing on
the fort : in fliort, the enen)y omitted nothing which
might enable them to carry their defign. The be-
fieged were greatly annoyed by the aflTailants, but their
mod grievous dillrefs, was want of provifions. They
were befieged for five months, without receiving the
kaffc
Book XII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 327
]caft reinforcement. The foldiers now felt the dread-
ful effcds of their madnefs, and too late were ienfi-
ble, that it is not the part of a foldier to prefcribe
laws to his commander, but to execute his orders with
refolution.
Britto found means to fend a difpatch to Cochin,
to give notice of his diilrefied fituation. Scqueire
had confiderably weakened all the garrifons by the
numbers of foldiers he had taken to man the fleet in
his late expedition. Alexo Monez, however, fent
fifcy Portugucfe in a galley commanded by Antonio
Lemos. It being no^v the winter feafon, the wea-
ther was extremely boiflerou?, fo that it was a con-
fiderable time before the velTcl reached Columbo.
Melos at his arrival told Britto not to expedt any
other afliftance till the return of Sequeire; adding at
the fame time, that in his opinion the fafety of our
people in the fort depended on their bravery alone.
Britto ordered Melos from his galley to play upon the
enemy's works and turrets in the mofl vigorous man-
ner the whole night. In the morning the aflTailants
being intent upon the galley, and little dreaming
of a fally from the fort, Britto ruflied forth with three
hundred Portuguefe, and having attacked the enemy
unawares, at the firft onfet carried the ftatio.ns and
turrets, and put the behegers to flight in the utmoft
confternation. The enemy fled in vaft numbers to
the city, but being reproached by the old warriours,
they rallied and advanced again towards our people.
In their nrfl; line, bcfides a confiJerable body of in-
fantry, there were one hundred and fifty horfe, and
twenty five elephants with turrets. Several of the ani-
mals had alfo fwords fafliened to their tufl^s, which
they ufed with amazing dexterity, and did great ex-
ecution. Some of the Porcuguele, nightened at the
enemy's numbers, and the fight oi the ekphantf?,
had like to have given ground. Sritco, hov^ver,
leaving the trenches, advanced to the engi^'-ment.
He ordered thofe who were arrned with mulqu^rs to
y 4 make
32 S The History of Book XII.
niake a full difcharge on the elephants. Thefe ani-
mals (lartlc. at the noife, and galled with the wounds
they received, turntd back on their own people, put
the cavalry into diforder, trod down the infantry,
and thre^v all into the moft precipitate flight. The
Pcrtuguefe had now nothing more to do, but to pur-
fue. They made great flaughter, flript the city of
its garnfon, and continued the purfuit till they came
to a thick wood of palms. Here Britto commanded
a retreat ro be founded, for he was afraid to allow his
men to advance amongft the trees, left their ranks
might be put into diforder, and the enemy might
perhaps lurn upon them at this di fad vantage. The
king feeing, molr of his noblts cut off in the late con-
fi;6t, and thai the Arabians, th/ chief indigators of
th- war, had firii quilted rhe fici'i, t,-(o\v^,d therefore
to give over hofcihtics. He faw plainly too, that the
rnore the war was protradfrd, th<t g'-eatcr danger he
had to apprehend *, for he made no doubt, if things
were not brought U) a ipeedy accommodation, that he
fhould foon have a formidable fleet (O encounter. He
accordingly fued for p. ace, which the Portuguefe
(fuch was their prefeot exigence) very readily granted.
A treaiy being thus renewed, our peop'e behaved with
the utmod civiii;y and moderation to thefe IQanders,
who in ih.-^ir turn w-re, or appeared to be, no lefs af-
fable and friendly to the Portuguefe.
vVhilfl: thefe thir.gs happened at Ceylon, fome de-
flgn> were formed againft our people at Ormus, chiefly
occafioned by the exceflive ben^^v^lence of his Por-
tuguefe majefiy. The kings of Ormus had formerly
been greatly tyrannized over by their miniflers: when
the cify was taken by Albuq jerque they were delivered
from this opprtilion : Never th(, lefs the great officers
of ftatt, who had the management of the royal re-
venues, fli]l continued to embezzle it for their own
purpwofes. Emmanuel being refolved to prevent this
abufe, appointed Portuguefe fecreiaries and treafur-
ers, to receive the public taxes, with ftrid: orders to
convert
Book XII. the PORTUGUESE, S^c. 329
convert the whole to the king's ufe; defigiiing by this
means to fhew them how egrcgioiifly he had bten im-
pofed upon, and to convince him how advanragiou^
it was to be under the Fortugutfe guardianfliip and
protedion. Raix Xeraf, and the reli of thofe frau-
dulent minifters, were not a litde out of humour, to be
thus deprived of fuch immenfe fums of money, which
they ufed to convey into their own private coHers.
They told the king, * That he retained the empty
* name of royalty, Vv'ithout the revenues or preroga-
* tives of a prince: that the Portuguefe, under the Ipe-
* cious pretext cf friend (hip, had feized the fove-
* reignty, and engroffed the whole public treafure
* into their own hands. It was th:;^refore,' they faid,
* bct'er to die a thoufand deaths, than to fuffer fuch
* indignities.' By tUc^e and fuch hke repeated in-
finuatio s, they worked fuch an effect on the king,
that at la!t they entirely alienated his affecftion^ from
the Portug'.iefe, and he entered into th^ir m- afures a-
gainll C'ur pcjple. A confu!ration being held t
the king's father-in-hw, a bitter enemy to the Chri-
llia: s, ]L was refolved, after Stqiicire departed from
Ormus, to mafllicre all the Portuguefe, and put a
flrong garrifon in the fort. The execu.ion ot the af-
fair was, however, def^Tred for that time, hftifthe
eonfpjracy fnould have come to lighr, or mifcarried,
they m:g^n then have laid themfcives open to the
attacks of Mochrin, who, in conjunift'on with the
Portuguele, would have proved a mod formidable
enemy.
The ifland of Baharen f'the fame perhaps formerly
called Ichar) is fituated in the PerGan gulph, and
feparated by a narrow channel from Arabia. It be-
longed originally to the king of Ormus, but Mo-
chrin, fon in law to the prince of Mecccj, feiztd it by
force of arms. This he not only kept in polTefTion,
but alfo fitted out a fleet of one hundred and twenty
Ihips, and often waged v/ar with the king of Ormus.
The Ormufians thought it was highly expedient to
have
330 The History of Book XIL
have this adverfary removed, before they could per-
petrate their black defign. In order to 'accomplifh
which, they devifed a moft fubtle artiSce; no lefs
than to cut off this formidable enemy, by means of
thole very perfons, whom they intended to mafla-
cre : For amongft the Mahometans, nothing is cf-
teemed more honourable, than to excel in fraud and
flratagem. Having accordingly waited on Sequeire,
they beftowed the higheft encomiums on Emmanuel,
ftiling him fovereign of Ormus, and as fuch they faid
it belonged to him to defend them againft all their
enemies. Mochrin, they added, had not only ra-
vaged their territories, but alfo unjuftly kept the
ifland.of Baharen, whither he partly forced and partly
decoyed the fliips bound for Ormus. That by this
means the king's revenues were fo much diminifhed,
that he was unable to pay his tribute to Emmanuel.
They therefore earneftly requeiled of Sequeire, that
for the honour and dignity of his royal mafter, he
would curb the infolence of Mochrin, and provide
for the fafcty of a prince, the tributary and ally of
Emmanuel •, that it might from thence appear evi-
dent in what fecurity thofe lived, who were under
the protedion of fo renowned a monarch. Moreo-
ver, they added, that it feemed to them as a parti-
cular inllance of the divine providence, that Sequeire
had come at fuch a jun6lure, with fo formidable fleet,
for there could not be a more proper and convenient
time for carrying on *the enterprize.
Incited by thefe fpeeches, Sequeire refolved to de-
clare war againd: Mochrin, and having called a coun-
cil of his officers this refolution was unanimoufly ap-
proved. He appointed feven fhips for the expedi-
tion, under the command of Antonio Corrca, who
had greatly fignaiized himfeif in the defeat of the
king of Bantam at Malacca. In this fleet there were
four hundred Pcraiguefe, chiefly men of nobility and
diflindi( n. The king fent alfo one hundred and fifty
pinnaces, wiih three thoufand Arabians commanded
by
Book XII. the PORTUGUESE, &c, 331
by Xeraph. The foldiers were armfd partly with
bucklers and fpears, and partly Vv^lrh crofs bows and
fmail mufquets. The vefTels were hkcwife furniOied
with warhke engines, and all other necefiaries. In
the voyage a ilorm arifing, feparated the fleet: when
the violence of the v/eather was abated, Correa and
John Pereira came with their fhips oppofitc to that
part of the ifland of Baharem, where the city of the
farr.e name is fituated. It appeared large, adorned
with many magnificent buildings, and was very po-
pulous, for great numbers of merchants reforted thither
on the account of commerce. Mochrin having been
apprized of the enemy's intentions, had planted fe-
veral batteries and ftations for the defence of the city,
and had likewife taken into his fervice twelve thoufand
Arabian mercenaries. Correa came to anchor at
fome didance from the city, and waited for the fleet
which arrived about fix days afterwards. Two of
the Portuguefe fliips were miffing, one of which had
been driven back to Ormus, the other did not make
Baharen till after the war v^as finifhed. Correa im-
mediately landed his forces, and having drawn them
up in order, made a vigorous aflau It on the city; but
meeting with a warm reception, was repulfed by the
enemy with great bravery. He made another and
more furious attack on two of their ftations, when
the confli6l was renewed with redoubled vigour, and
continued a confiderable time. Our people, hov/ever,
at lafl; forced their way, and put the enemy to flight,
of whom there were killed three hundred foot and
thirty horfe. The Portuguefe joft only five of their
men, amongft whom was George Pereira. Antony
Correa was defperatly wounded, as- was likewife his
brother Ay res the ftandard- bearer, who was fo \vtak-
ened with lofs of blood, that he dropt d v^vn, and
would certainly have been killed by the en. my, had
not Alexo Soufa and Rodengo Correa, mm ot great
gallantry, fpeedily come uo to his relief, Th-ic in
endeavouring to refcue their friend, received many
wounds
33^ The History of Book XII.
wounds alfo. Xeraph was not prefent at the en-
gagement, for this he thought dangerous •, however,
he did not choofe to remain unadlive, but during
the adlion was employed in loading his (hips with the
booty. Had this man purfued the enemy with all
his forces, the llaughcer that day would have been
very confiderable. Correa repaired to the ufurper's
palace, and took poflcffion of the city in the name of
Emmanuel: he beftowed the highefl encomiums on
his foldiers, and diftinguifhed by marks of honour,
thofe who had mod fignalized tht-mfdves. Having
taken the proper oaths of Xeraph, he delivered up the
city to him as viceroy from the king ofOimus, on
condition he (hould for ever acknowledge the autho-
rity of his Portuguefe majeRy. Raix Xeraf, having
been informed that Mochrin had expired ot his wounds
three days after the engagement, by permiffion of Cor-
rea, went to the place where his body lay, and cut
off the head, defigning it as a prefent, which would be
extremely grateful to his royal mailer. All the ene-
mies fhips were dellroyed by fire. Hamet Mochrin's
nephew, quitted the pofTeffion of Elcatif, another city
in the ifland, and with Correa's leave removed to the
con:inent with all his effefls. Thus the whole ifland
became again annexed to the crown of Ormus. Cor-
r.^a was now returned to Ormus, where he was re-
c ived by Sylveire, with all the marks of efteem due
t ) his merit, and had many prcfenrs given him by the
king.
This year Jehabentaf was treacheroufly murdered
in Africa, when he was about to perform a very great
enterprize. He had formed a defign to invade the
territories of Xerif, and to ftorm Moiocco. For this
purpofe he defired a reinforcement of Nunez Maf-
caregn, who gave him only thirty horfe and twenty
foot, commanded by Roderigo Norhogna. But Fran-
cifco Melos, Alphonfo de Gomtz, John Ferdinand
Preto, and Ignato Nunez, after repeated follicita-
tions, obtained leave alio to accompany Jehabentaf.
With
BookXIL the PORTUGUESE, &c. ^33
With thefe ihere went llkewifc twenty more of the
cavahy, and five of the foot fokliers. Mafcaregn,
however, fhut the gates to prevent any more from
going out. Jehab.ntaf invited the Dabidian and
Garabian Moors to a (hare in the exploit : thefe were
a people of the mod pcriidious difpofuion. They did
not much like the danger and fatigue of the expe-
dition, but were afraid to refufe, left Jchabentaf fhould'
turn his arms againft them. They therefoie obeyed
his fummons, but were refolvtd to afTaffinate him
when an opportunity offered.
About this time Nacer king of M.quincz fent a
letter to Jehabentaf, informing him that he had a-
gain entered into a treaty of ptace with his brother
Hamet, king of Ftrz, and beirg thus Uf/ited, he faid
it would be impoffible for Jehabentaf to oppofe their
power; that they were refolved to deftroy him, if
he did not perform fome exploit, to regain the king
^ Fez's afi^ection ; if he confuked his fafety, he ought
therefore to trepan as many as he could of the Chri-
llians, and deliver them up to the king of Fez,
cthervv'ife his deftruflion would be inevitable. Je-
habeniaf did not think this letter worthy of an an-
fwer.
In the mean while he received ihe melancholy news,
that the prince of the mountains having attacked a
troop of his cavalry, had taken the commanding of-
ficer and fify more prifoncrs, and had killed Abra-
hem a brother of Azam, a man of great wealth and
charader. Jthabtntafin a friendly manner, went to
-comfort Azam, and to be prefent at the funeral en-
tertain m.en:, which, according to the cuftom of the
country, he was about to give in honour of his de-
ceafcd brother. Jehabentaf had kfc all the Chri-
fdans and his fervar.ts in the camp, and had come to
that of the Dabidians attended only with three of
his officers. Whilft he fat at the feafb without the
leafh apprehenfion of dang-r, three of the principal
confpirarors coming behind, difpatched him by le-
vcral
^^4 The History oF Book XFT.
veral wounds. Thus died that brave and faithful
Mcor, a man of untainted honour and fidelity, who
to the lail had iignalized himfelf for his zeal and loyal-
ty in the fervice of Emmanuel. The three officers
in endeavouring to refcue him, were likewife killed,
after having fought very bravely. Oleidambram then
attacked JehabencaPs camp. But Roderigo Norhogna
and the reft of the Chriftians, having joined the Ga-
rabian Moors, marched towards the city. Many of
thefe Moors, as they are a fickle, perfidious, time-ferving
people, propofed ro kill the Chriftians in order to
get their arms and horfes; but however they were re-
llrained from this villainy by the authority of their
commanders.
in the mean while one Allebembreque, a perfonof
great diftinclion, who from fome pique at Jehabentaf,
had efpoufed the intereft of Oleidambram, came to
the piace where the Portuguefe lay encamped, and de-
fired a conference wiih Norhogna. Whilft they retired
to a diftance under pretext of holding a private con-
verfation, Allebembreque's men, as it had been con-
certed, fell upon our people unawares, many of the
Portuguefe were killed, and many made flaves, a-
mongft whom was Norhogna himfelf: a very few
efcaped •, a Moor named Bogima, whofe wife and
children lived in the city, ran thither with the ac-
count of this unhappy affair. Mafcaregn led forth
one hundred and fifty horfe with incredible expedi-
tion, and having attacked the camp of thofe perfidi-
ous men, about fifteen miles off, he killed one hun-
dred and fifty of them, took fix hundred and fifty
prifoncrs, drove off a confiderable nuniber of great
and fmall cattle, and that fame day returned to the
city crowned witH vidfory, and pleafed with the
thoughis of havirig revenged fo bafe an aclion. That
day fix of the cavalry, who had efcaped from the
enemy, came to the city under the condu6t of Fran-
cifco Melos. The following day fixteen of the foot
foldiers.
Book XII. the PORTUGUESE, Sec. 335
foldiers, and two of the cavalry, without their horfes,
alfo cfcaped thither.
This year Emmanuel appointed Duarte Monez
viceroy cf India : he failed from Lifbon on the 5th
of April with a fleet of fifteen fhips, with which he
arrived in fafety at the port of Baticale, where he
entered upon his government.
The fame year George Albuquerque failed to Ma-
lacca, and George Britro to the Molucco iflands. The
event of thcfe two expeditions proved extremely dif*
ferent. We will firft relate what happened to George
Albuquerque. He carried with him the fon of the
late king of Pacem, v/ho had been barbaroufly mur-
dered, in order to reftore him to the throne. When
he came to the harbour of Pacem, the report was im*
mediately fpread in the country, that he had brought
the young prince : upon which numbers of people
came privately aboard the fleet and faluted the royal
youth. Gucinal the ufurper had received intelligence
that the Portuguefe viceroy intended to fend a flifeC
againft him, in order to drive him from the king-
dom ; for which reafon he had fortified the ciry with
a ditch and rampart ; he had eredled batteries, and
placed fevers 1 ftrong ftations. Albuquerque fent to
him., entreating that he would volutitariiy give up what
he unjuftly poflTcfTcd, to the lawful fucceffur ; on this
condition he promifed to place him in a much better
fituation than he had been formerly. Gucinal made
anfwer, * That the kii gdom was his jufl property,
* for he had taken it by his bravery from an unlaw-
* ful ufiirper. That he was ready to acknowledge
* the authority of Emmanuel, and willing to pay
^ whatever tribute fhouid be impofed. He therefore
* conjured and befeeched Albuquerque, that he would
' not, in violation of all the laws of equity andjuftice,
' offer hoftiiities to a lawful prince, who had the
* hip-heft afFedion and efteem for his Portuguefe ma-
Several
33^ The H I s T 0 R Y of Book XIL
Several nieirages much to the fame purpofe paf-*
fed betwixt Albuquerque and Gucinal, but all proved
inefFedual : it was therefore unanimoufly relblved to
ilorm the city, it happened vtry luckily that at this
jun6lure Emmanuel Gama arrived in the fame har-
bour, with a ihip furnilhed with all neceffaries, from
Malacca. Tht king of Daru, a kingdom adjoining
to tha: of Facem, was nearly related to the exile
prince, and upon his account had waged continual
war with the uiurper : when he heard that our people
intended to ftorm the city, he immediately levied an
army of three thoufand foldicrs, and marched to af-
fift the Portugucfc. Albuquerque thanked him in the
molt polite manner, but toid him that at that junc-
ture he had no occafion for his affillance. He only
lequired him to remain as a fpe6tator, that he might
fte m what manner the Portuguefe would deal with
the ufurper. But left after the v:6lory, which he ex-
pedled by the divine adi (lance, his forces might be
mingled with thole of the enemy, and by their re-
fcmblance incur danger, he defired him to order his
men to wear green branches on their heads, that
they might thereby be diftinguilhed from Gucinal's
troops. He drew up his army in three lines, the firft
he gave to Sancha Henrique, the fecond to Alphonfo
Monez, the third he refcrved for himfelf; in the
firtl were Emmanuel Gama, Antonio Miranda Azeved,
Garfia de Chaign, Hcclor Valladar, Francifco Bocarro,
and fome other perfons of the moft diftinguiflied bra-
very. Sancha attacked the firft ftation with undaunt-
ed boldnefs: Monez, fired with emAilation, went on
agaifill the place affigned him with the like intrepi-
dity. Albuquerque came up alfo with his line, and
by his encouraging fpeeches, fpirited them on to the
eagagenienr. The fight continued a confiderable time,
and tlie difputc was carried on with warlike engines,
grenades, and all kind of mifTive weapons. The ene-
my fjom their bulwark greatly annoyed our people,
but
Book XII. the PORTUGUESE, &c; 337
but Dionyfio de Melos, Emmanuel Gamaj He^lor
Valladar, and Francifco Bocarro running up to the
gate, broke it open, and having forced their entrance,
were immediately followed by many more. In this
m-inner the lirft (lation was carried. The other being
much ftronger remained impregnable for a confidera-
ble time. This, however, after great danger and fa-
tigue, was at length maLlered alfo by Albuquerque^
and ihofe under his command. The conflid was
more fevere than our people expeded : four hundred
of Gueinal's friends and domeftics, and two thoufand
of his mercenaries were killed •, the ufurper himfelf
was (lain, and his wives, together with his children were
made prifoners. Of two hundred and eighry Por-
tuguefe whom Albuquerque brought into the field,
only four were miffing. He eftablifhed the young
prince on the throne, whom he obliged to take an
oath of allegiance to Emmanuel, and having impofed
an annual tribute, and left Sancha Henrique gover-
nor of the fort, he departed for Malacca, where he
arrived with his fleet in fafery.
George Britro having failed with fix fhips for Suma-
tra, put in at the port of Dacuem in this ifland.
The king of that city entertained a grudge againft
our people, ever fince Alphonfo Albuquerque had
flormed Malacca. He therefore ufed to plundrr all
the Portuguefe, who happened to come into that har-
bour. Britto having been informed of this, fent a
meflage to the king^ telling him he was extremely
furprized, when all the reil of the princes in Sumatra
were fo well affe6led to the Portuguefe, that he alone
fhould defpife their friend (hip, ftnpping and rifling all
Emmanuel's fubje6ls who came into his territories:
That he earneftly entreated him to deflft from thefe
hoftilities, and enter into a friendly alliance-, and as a
proof of this frienfliip, that he would order refticu-
tion to be made of the cfFeds unjuflly taken frora
the Portuguefe. The king promifcd tomakeaftri6t
enquiry after thofe who had been guijty of thefe in-
VoL. 11. Z Junes
33^ The History of Book XIT.
juries ag.inil our people; and that he would give all
proper latisfaClion. But he was far from performing his
promife, and employed himfelf wholly in ftrcngthen-
ing the ci:y. Britto finding himfelf thus deluded
immediately landed his few troops. He attacked and
took the ftation which guarded the harbour. The
conflicl was begun with fpearsand fwords, without any
miffive weapons ; for thofe ofBritto's men, who were
armed with crofs bows and mufquets, and were ac-
cording to his orders, to have fought in front, could
not get afhore, the wind being againft them. The
king feeing part of his men driven to flight, was pre-
paring to march to their afliftance, with a thoufand of
his braveft troops all in armour, and fix elephants.
Britto, however, waited at the bottom for the arrival
of the reil of his foldiers : but John Serran the ftan-
dard- bearer, without the lead regard to his com-
mander, immediately advanced to the enemy, who
were afcendlTrg a hill. Britto called aloud to him
to return; but he fiill perfifted in his rafhnefs, and
many more immediately hurried after him, with the
fame precipitation. Britto finding he was unable to
reftrain them, followed thefe defperadoes, much againfl
his inclination. Our men made fo furious an attack,
that they obliged the enemy to fly towards the city :
and now thinking rhey had already gained a complete
vi6lory, they purfued them clofely, that they might
not have time to recover from their panic. But it
proved otherwife than they expected ; for coming into
the city they found the king at the head of a ftrong
body of foldiers; and being few in number, they were
quickly furrounded by the maltitude. When the Por-
tuguefe faw their fate was inevitable, they fought with
the moH: defperate refclution. John Serran was the
tirft who fell. Jafper Ferdinand, a man of great gal-
lantry, atracked one of the elephants with his fpear ;
but the animal taking him in his trunk, tofied him up
in the air; fo that he fell on the ground, and was trod
to death. George Britto, Chriilopher Pindo, John
Pereira,
BookXTI. the PORTUGUESE, &c. ^f^,
Pereira, Francifco Godiz, and many other perfons ot
diflindlion, were like wife killed. A very tew laved
themlelves by flight. Laurenzo Godin, commander
of one of the fhips, at la(l brought afhore his forces
in order to join Britto; but when he faw the Portu-
guefe flying, inftead of covering them in their retreat,
and withftanding the fhock of the enemy, he fled in
the moft fliameful manner; fo that our people were
purfued to the very fhore. It was not yet known a-
mono^ft all the Portuo-uefe, that Britto was flain : buc
when Lewis de Rapes and Pedro de Viila, men
of the mod diftinguiflied courage, were informed of
his fate, they faid that nothing appeared to them more
infamous than to furvive the death of their com-
mander : they therefore ruflied amongfl: the enemy,
and were killed by many wounds, after having made
great flaughter. Jafper Gallo, who had [he command
of the fir(t line, v/hich was armed with mufquets, had
been detained by boiilerous weather and contrary
winds : however, when he heard the nolfe of the
cannon, which the enemy from, their ilation fired upon
our people, he then ordered all hands to work to ply
the oars, and to try with all their vigour if they
could pufh on the vefll'l. The fhip unfortunately run
aground on a fand-bank ; the failors with their oars
and poles, and by every other method, endeavoured
to get her off, but all their efForts proved ineffeclua'^
for they were obliged to wait the return, of the tide.
All the commanders of the fhips were killed, except-
ing only Gallos and Goddin, who were not prefent
at the engagement; the one had ic not in his power
to be there, and the other ilianiefuliy avoided the
danger: feventy of the Portuguefe fell in this aclion ;
a very fev/ efcaped, and thefe mod terribly v/ounded.
Having weighed anchor, they failed to the port cf
Pedir, where they found Antonio Britto, v/hom they
unanimouflyelcdled chief com.mander, in place ofhisde-
ceafcd brother George Britto. Emmanuel had likewife
decreed riiar, failing George, Antony fhould be gover-
nor of the Molucco iilands. Antony having appoint-
Z 2 ' cd
^40 The History of Book XIL'
cd commanders to the vacant fhips, failed thencs to
the coaft of Paccm, where he found George Albu-
querque. They then in company departed for Ma-
lacca, \\here they were received in the mod poHte
manner by Garcia Sala, who refigned the command of
the f o t to George Albuquerque.
This year, on the month of June, queen Eleanor
was delivered of a daughter at Li(bon. The young
princcfs was named Mary, who, when {he arrived at
the years of maturity, proved a lady of the mod re-
fined lentuiients, and valuable accomplifhments.
H-re it may not be improper to relate what hap-
pened to Diego Ferdinand de Beja in India. At
the time when Antonio Correa had been fent to Ba-
haren by Sequcire, Beja, by his orders failed for India,
with four fhips. On the coaft of Cambaye, he attack-
ed and took two vefTels loaded with provifions, to-
gether with a merchant fhip, having aboard a rich
cargo. Hie engagement happened at a little diftancc
from the port of Diu, and Melichiaz fent out Haga
Mahumed with nineteen large fhips to affift his people :
but before thefe came up, the fight was ended, and
the greateft part of the enemy flain. Mahumed,
however, renewed the engagement with the vidorious
Portuguefe: he funk one fhip, commanded by Jafper
Doute!, and mod of the crevv pcriflied : Beja very
Darrowly efc.iped the fame fate ; Nunez Ferdinand de
Macedon was alfo in the mod cxcreme danger, and
ioft fourteen of his men. Whilft our people were in
this fituation, a fudden florm arofe, accompanied with
fuch exeefTivc rain, thunder and lightning, that it put
an end to the engagement. Beja failed for Chaul, to
take in a fupply of water and proviHons, xind to repair
his difabled Ihips. Sequeire came likewife to the fame
place, having been difappointed of his defjgn in build-
ing a fort near Diu, for Melichiaz had flrongly for-
tified the place he had pitched upon : BeQdes, one of
his largeO: fhips loaded with materials for that purpofe,
had been burnt •, this was done by fome Turks, who
were
BookXri. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 341
were prifoners aboard ; thefe defperate men preferring
death to (lavery, ilruck fire with fonie nails, and blew
up the magazine, by which means the fhip and thewhole
crew was inflantly deftroyed. Sequeire had formed
many other projeds ; but he was prevented from put-
ting them into execution by the arrival o^ Duarte
Monez. In the mean while Pedro Sylvio, who had
been left at Ormus by Sequeire, was coming to Chaul
to tranfad fomie bufinefs; but Haga Mahumed having
advanced with his fleet, battered Sylvio's fhip moft
furioufly, and funk her. Sylvio, with the greatefl: part
of his men, were fwallowed up in the waves, and thofe
who efcaped by fwimming, were taken prifoners and
carried into Diu.
About this time a treaty of marriage was agreed on
betwixt Beatrix, Emimanuel's filler, and Charles duke of
Savoy. Charles had endeavoured to bring about this af-
fair fome years before •, being extremely defirous there-
of, from an ambition of making fo near an alliance with
his Portugueie majefty, and from a violent affedion he
had contradled for Beatrix, a lady no lefs famed for her
beauty than her good fenfe and fweet difpofition. Fie
had accordingly fent deputies to Emmanuel, who at that
time did not confent, though he indeed received the
embaffadors with great politenefs, telling them, that his
fifter was rather too young for matrimony. In the
mean while he employed fome trufty confidents to en-
quire into the Hate and extent of Charles'^ dominions;
and to inform themfelves likewife of his life and man-
ners. Emmanuel being fatisfied in thefe particulars, had
then no diflike to the marriage. Charles being inform-
ed of this, fent embaffadors again into Portugal, when
the marriage was agreed upon; and, according to the
articles thereof, a fleet was fitted out a^t great expence
to convoy Beatrix to Nizza : it confifted of eighteen
fhips, fome of which were of a larger fize than had
been ever fecn in Portugal. Martin Albicaftro was
appointed admiral. Martin Cofta archbifhop of Lif-
tion, likewife fitted out another fhip at his own ex-
Z 3 pence^
'^34^ The History of Book XII.
pence, to accompany Beatrix. In this fleet there were
feveral of the firft nobih'ty, all drelTed in the moft
rich and magnificent manner : the (hips were alfo
gilded and painted with the greatefl: elegance, and fur-
nifhed with guns of the moil curious workmanfhip ;
the nuptials were celebrated at court by public balls,
at whicbvveie prefent mod of the Portuguefe nobility,
who all expreffed the higheftjoy on this occafion.
The fleet failed on the 9th of Auguft, and reached
the port of Nizza towards the end of September,
-where Beatrix was received by Charles with the highefl:
marks of affed:ion, and all his nobles and com-
mon people fhewed no lefs fatisfadion on her ar-
rival.
In the mean while the Portuguefe in India em-
ployed in building the fort at Chaul, (the firft flory of
which was only finiflied) were involved in great dif*
ficulties : for Haga Mahumed made frequent attacks
on the two gall? ys con;imanded by Francifco Mendoza
and George Monez; he killed feveral of their men,
in fight ofSequeire and Monez, who could not af-
fifl; their people, becaufe the tide was againft them ^
for that bold aiid vij^ilant enemy had feized the op-
portunity when he kncv/ the Portuguefe fhips, which
were without oars, could not do him any damage.
As the time now approached when Sequeire was
obliged to depart for Portugal, he appointed Henry
Menez governor of the fort of Chaul, andentrufled the
care of the naval afiairs to Diego Ferdinand de Beja :
he left him three large fhips of war, three galleys and
one fmall vefTel. Sequeire then weighed anchor and
fet fail ; the weather however, proved fo exceffive
calm, that he could not proceed, but came to anchor
near Beja's fleet : Haga Mahumed, who let no op-
portunity fiip of annoying his enemy, failed out
with thirty large fhips, and having furrounded the
Poriuguefe fleer, battered them moft furioufly v/ith
his cannon, and tluded all the attempts of our peo-
ple, by the lightnefs qf his vcfTclSj which were alfo
roY/ec5
Book XII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 34^
rowed with the greateft dexterity. Sequeirc being
unable to move for want of wind, fretted with vex-
ation. Beja ordered Andrew Sou fa to advance with
his galJey, to guard the the mouth of the river which
runs up the channel, left the enemy might fail that
way, and befiege the fort. But Mahumed having at-
tacked Soufa in the night-time, plied the galley
very brifkly with his cannon ; he killed feven of the
Portuguefe, and wounded feveral very defperately,
amongft whom was Alexo Soufa, Andrew's brother.
Mahumed then brought to his (hip, in order to
grapple with the galley : but George fpeedily came up
to Soufa's afliftancc : neverthelefs, the enemy with
the utmoft vigour, endeavoured to take hold of both
vefTels with his grappling-irons. Beja with his galley,
and Francifco Mendoza with four pinnaces immedi-
ately advanced to their affiftance . When Beja faw
that Soufa's galley was fo much fhattered, and difa-
bled, he ordered her to be towed afide, and then
went aboard George Menez's vcffd. Our large Ihips
Hill remained becalmed. Mean while the engage-
ment grew extremely warm. Thole in the pinnaces
either could not, or dared not withftand the fhock
of the enemy, and therefore withdrew themfelves
under covert of the galley's poop; fo that the two
galleys ftood the whole brunt. The one in which
Beja was aboard loft her maft, and had both her fides
miferably batter'd : Beja aded the part of an excel-
lent commander and a brave foldier, by his own ex-
ample inciting his men to behave with the like gal-
lantry. As foon as he had miffed the pinnaces, run-
ning to the poop of his galley he called aloud, ' O
* infamous cowards, can no fenfe of honour nor
* ties of religion keep you to your duty ; and by
* your daftardly behaviour, do you choofe to fall a
* facrifice to a cruel enemy, rather than fave your
* felves by your intrepidity?' Whilft he fpoke thefc
words, he received a (hot in his fide, which fhivered
his coat of mail to pieces, and drove the fplinters into
Z 4 i^is
^44 '^^^ H I s T o p. V of Book XIIJ
his body. George Menez, who faw him fall, imme-
diately covered the corpfe, and carried it afide, left
the knowledge of his death might have ftruck a damp
into the foldiers : thofe, however, who knew of Beja's
unhappy fate, he encouraged not to be difpirited at
the lofs of one man, but rather to imitate his example,
and afpire after the ram>e glory and honour. Menez
then performed the part of a wife and gallant com-
mander. Moft of the gunners were killed in the en-
gagement, and were fucceeded by thofe who had
any experience that way. The rowers being of the
Mahometan religion, and difafFecled to our people,
called aloud to the enemy, in their native language,
to grapple the galley, telling them, that all aboard be-
ing killed or difabled by wounds, flie remained quite
defencelefs. Menez perceiving the villainy of the
rowers, wounded fcvcn of them, which frightened
the reft, and forced them to remain in their duty.
Haga Mahumcd feeing the greateft" part of his men
ilain, and many of his Ihips mifcrably battered, was
afraid of receiving more damage, and therefore quit-
ted the engagement. Menez, in order to make a
fhew of vidlory to thofe who beheld the fight from the
fliore, followed the enemy a little way. He ordered
the galley, which had withftood the whole fhock, to
be adorned with feveraUlag^ as marks of dilVin6lion^
and commanded a general difcharge to be made of the
cannon, which filled the inhabitants with the utmoft
confternation : and that he might preferve the greater
appearance of vidlory, he lay at anchor, in fight of the
fnemy, till the evening. Then having weighed he
made towards the admiral with the difabled galley,
and fhewed him the number of his wounded, Se-
queire did not choofe to depart till the fleet was re-
paired, and accordingly fent a m.elTenger to Duarte
Menezi giving him notice of the condition of our
people. The ficet being repaired, he appointed An«
tpnio Correa to manage the naval affairs, till the ar-
rival
Book XII. the PORTUGUESE, &:c. 345
rival of Lewis Menez, Duarte's brother, who was
named to that office by Emmanuel.
Things being thus fettled, Scqueire proceeded for
Cochin, to get ready for his voyage to Portugal : but
Haga Mahumed fitted out another fleet of thirty fix
fhips of war, and failed into the harbour of the ri-
ver Chaul, where he lay in fuch a manner as to be
quite fecure from the attacks of our people: fteing
Correa again becalmed, he advanced till he came
within cannon-fhot of his fleer, and began to fire on
the Portuguefe fhips very brifkiy. Correa having but
a fmall quantity of powder and ammunition, v/as
therefore extremely cautious in the ufe thereof: Ma-
humed did not choofe to come to clofe quarters, for this
he thought dangerous : our people had eredted and
fortified two towerjj, one at the mourh of the river,
where there was a guard offoldiers, and the other
nearer the city : Mahumed refolved to attack the for-
mer, defended only by thirty Portuguefe. He fent
an officer, named Chilo, with fifteen fliip'^, on this
expedition : this man having landed with two hundred
foldiers, took pofleffion of a high rock, which com-
manded the tower. Thefe men accordingly began
the attack by land, whilfl: the fnips carried on the
^flault with grear vigour by fca. Our people, though
thus threatened with danger on both fides, made
a gallant defence. Pedro Vafco Furman comman-
dant of the tower, whilft he repulfed the enemy with
the greatcfl; refolution, was killed by a cannon bul-
let. Simon Fereira, together with the chief engineer
and fome others, fuff^ered alfo the fame fate. In the
mean while, Correa difpatched Roderigo Vafco Pe-
reira with leventy Portuguefe, in^two pinnaces, to the
affiflance of the befieged ; thefe having got afhore
attacked thofe on the eminence, whom they foon put
to flight, and having purfued them to the lliore kil-
led feveral. When the engagement had continued
for fome time, and Mahumed faw great numbers of
|iis men flain^ he thought proper to found a retreat.
Correa
^46 The H I s T o R Y oF Book XIL
Correa being now rid of the e^my's fleet, went to
the tower, where he found thoie dead whom we have
mentioned, befides feveral wounded. The fhield of
one Pedro de Queiros, was pierced with twenty feven
arrows, and there were twenty five fixed in that of
Emmanuel Cugna. Several others of the Portuguefe
gave the moft fignal proofs of their courage that day.
The enemy in their attempt on the tower loft thirty
men, befides fixty who were killed on the fhore, and
fomc others whom Pereira put to the fv/ord. Thofe
of the enemy who fell in this engagement, were moftly
men of nobility, as it appeared from the fplcndour of
their drefs and arms. Amongft thefe v/as Chile,
who commanded in the attack, and an ^Ethiopian
ofHcer of the moft diftinguifhed bravery. Correa or-
dered the heads of the flain to be cut off, and to be
fent to Mahunjed. He repaired the tower, and hav-
ing ftrengthened it with a ftronger garrifon, gave the
command thereof to Alvarez Britto. In the mean
while Lewis Menez arrived, to whom Correa gave
up the fleet, and then departed for Cochin. Meli-
chiaz now fjcd for a peace from Duarte Menez, im-
puting the late war entirely to Sequeire, and he com-
manded Mahumed to ceafe all hoftilities.
Whilft thefe things happened in Hither India,
George Albuquerque formed a dcfign to ftorm Ban-
tarn, a ftrong fortified city. For this purpofe having
fitted out a large fleet he failed thither, and having
landed his forces, encamped before the city. He
had been informed that the enemy's ftations and works
were extremely low, for which reafon he had brought
no fcaling ladders: but in this he was greatly difap-
pointed, and repulfed with confiderable lofs. Seve-
ral of the Portuguefe were killed, amongft thefe
George de Melos, who was failing for the Moluc-
cos with Antonio Britto. Many were Ukewife wound-
ed. The enemy purfued our people, who with the
greateft difficulty and danger, at laft got aboard their
long-boats and pinnaces. Laqueixeman, the enemy's
admiral
Book XII. the PORTUGUESE, 5^c. 347
admiral, that he might make the greater fhew of
vidlory, followed the Portuguefe fleet with twenty
fhips. He killed Simon Egidio, commander of a
brigantinc, and all his men. Thus this expedition,
like others ralhly entered into, had a moft unhappy
event.
Antonio Britto In his way hence to the Moluc-
cos, was driven into the ifiand of Java, where
he put in at the pore of Agaciam, the people
of which were in friend fliip with the Portuguefe. Not
far from thence was the iiland of Madura, famed for
its excellent water. He fent his pilot there to get a
fupply of water •, but the inhabitants attacked our peo-
ple, and took their long-boat; nor would they reftorc
the prifoncrs, who had indeed been the firft aggref-
fors, without a confiderable ranfom. It being now the
winter feafon, Britto could not proceed to the Mo-
iuccos, he therefore wintered at the Hagacim iflands.
About this fame tim.e Xcraf at Ormus was ufing his
utmofl: endeavours to carry into execution his wicked
machinations againfl our people: for after he had got
poiTeflion of Baharcm, by the afllftance and bravery
of Correa, he was then fo elated, and fo fully bent
on his villainous defign, that forgetting all the ties of
honour and gratitude, he employed his whole art and
cunning todeftroy the Portuguefe: but the good dif-
pofition of the king towards our people, was fome ob-
flruction to his hellifli fchemes : for his majefly, tho*
he had been alienated from the Portuguefe, by the
malicious infinuations of his father-in-law, yet from
the remembrance of their lafc friendfhip, had again
conceived an edeem and aflFe6lion for our peopl*.
Neverthelefs he was at laft overcome, partly by the
importunity of that villain, and partly by the autho-
rity of his father-in-Iaw; and notwithftanding he fore-
faw the fatal confcquences of fuch a heinous tre-
chery, yet he aflTented to the meafures of thcfe aban-
doned mifcreants. On the night appointed for the
perpetration of their wicked defign, they forced into
the
34^ The History of Book XII.'
the houfes where the Portuguefe' refided, fired feveral
of the houfes, and mafiacred above fixty of onr people
when afleep. Garcia Coutign commandant of the for-
trefs, had previous notice of this confpiracy. But fo
great was the remifsnefs and negligence of this man
at fuch a dangerous juncture, that he even omitted
laying in a (lore of provifions in the fort to withfland
a fiege. That night however, he affigned the officers
their proper Nations, he difpofcd his cannon in a proper
manner, and ranged his men in order to receive our
people retreating from the city, and to repulfe the
affailants. The Portuguefe made a fally from the
fort, and attacked a confiderable body of the Ara-
bians, killed feveral of them, and brought off many
of our people, Yjho had efcaped the cruelty of the
confpirators : but in their return to the fort, they fell
in amongfl: a number of the enemy, who had blocked
up the palTages leading thereto. A fevere confiift en-
fued ; the enemy being fpurred on by their inveteracy
againft the PoriUguefe, who, in their turn, were fti-
Biulated by defpair and indignation, the former were
elated by their number?, whilft the latter, relying
entirely on their bravery, fought with the utmoft in«
trepidity. Our people having at lall forced a paf-
fage fword in hand, for they had no other means of
fafety, made fuch an impreffion on the enemy, that
they broke through their ranks, and after a confi-
derable flaughter gained the fort : all of them, how-
ever, aniounting to forty, were wounded. Coutign
that night fent an exprefs to the viceroy, with an ac-
count of this affair, and as he was in great want of
materials to build turrets, he gave orders that a fhip
which lay at anchor, fhould be unloaded and broke
up, and the timber carried to the fort: this was ac-
cordingly effcdrd, though not without great danger,
and fome blood on both fides, for feveral of the Ara-
bians who attempted to obftru6l the work were killed,
as were hkewifc a few of the Portuguefe ; amongO:
tbefq
Book XII. the PORTUGUESE, Sec. S49
thefe was Vafco Vieira, a man of great courage, who
had highly fignahzed himfelf in this adion.
About this fame time Emmanuel Soufa de Tavara,
who had been cruizing in the Perfian gulph, was driven
into the port of Malcata by ftrefs of weather. Triftan
Vafco Vieiga, put in Hkewife at this place from Ca-
lajate. The governor informed them of the infur-
re61:ion.atOrmus, and the outrages committed againft
our people. He iikewife fignified to them that he
had received a letter from the king of Ormus, to
whom moft of the cities on that coaft were fubje6l,
ordering him to kill all the Portuguefe in Mafcata.
After the departure of Veira, the fame orders had
alfo been fent to the governor of Calajate, who, pur-
fuant to his inftru6lions, killed all he could of the
Portuguefe. But the governor of Mafcata, being a
man of age and experience, forefaw, that fuch a deed
would produce fatal confequences, and therefore ab-
ftained from this cruelty.
Veiga was a man without moderation in his con-
du6l:, and difTolute in his life and morals; yet of fuch
undaunted courage, that he feared no danger, info-
much that many people did not fcruple to call him a
rafh and precipitate madman. He happened at this
time to have feme quarrel with Soufa, for which rea-
fon he left him, and being accompanied only with
thirty Portuguefe departed for Ormus. He forced
his way through the enemy's fleet, amid ft a continual
firing, and fliov/ers of millive weapons poured on all
fidesi and having fought with fuch aftonifhing intre-
pidity, as feemed to furpafs all human ftrength, he
at laft reached the fort. The amazing boldnefs of
this exploit ftrqck a terror into thfe enemy, and gave
great fpirits to the befieged. Emmanuel Soufa with
his fleet, had now reached the ifland of Queixom,
within fight of the fort. Coutign having been in-
formed by Veiga, that Soufa had but a few fliips,
and thefe not fufficiently manned, earneflly entreated
him to Jay afide his refentmenr, and rejoin Soufa.
Veiga
2^0 The History of Book XI I,
Veiga was prevailed upon, and though wounded again,
forced his way through the enemy's fleet, and informed
Soufa of the prefent condition of the fortrefs. As
foon as the tide favoured, they failed again ft the ene-
my : an engagement accordingly enfued, which was
fought on both fides with the utmoft obftinacy. The
enemy had ten fhips funk, and many of their men
killed and wounded. Our people loft only one man,
tho' about eighty were wounded ; and their fleet, not-
withftanding all efforts of the enemy, reached the
citadel.
Xeraf now finding that? by the arrival of the Por-
tugucfe fteet, he was unable to carry on the fiege by
fca, therefore refoived to employ his whole vigour to
ftorm the fort by land. By the advice of one Mirab-
delic, a Turk of great experience in war, he ereded a
ftation on the top of the king's palace •, and another
on the Ponuguefe hofpital nearer the fort. From
thence the enemy played their cannon very brifkly,
and confiderably annoyed our people. Coutign dif-
patched Emmanuel Vetulo, and Roderigo Varelfa,
with forty men to attack this ftation. Thefe accord-
ingly ailailed it with great fury, and having demo-
jifhed the wall, forced their entrance and killed many
of the enemy': only two of the Portuguefe fell, but
all of them were wounded. The ftation being thus
carried, Coutign ordered all the cannon found there
to be brought to the fort. Xeraf now planted one of
the largeft guns in the lower part of the palace ;
this being frequently difcharged, at laft ftiivered to
pieces the gates of the fortrefs. Coutign then threw
up feveral ramparts, and having placed a cannon on
the top of a temple oppofite to the palace, he en-
trufted it to the care of a moft expert engineer; this
man pointed it fo exadly, that at the firft fhot, he
entirely demolifhed the large gun which had done fo
much damage to the fort. The enemy, though a-
larmed at this accident, yet perfevered in their refolu-
tion : our people being at this time forcly afflided
with
Book XII. the PORTUGUESE, Sec. 351
with third and famine, fomc of the comrinon men de-
ferted to the enemy, and informed him of the diflrefs
of the befieged. When Xerif received this inteJH-
gence, he refolved to apply the fcaling ladders, and
carry on the attack with all polTible vigour, for he ima-
gined the Portuguefe could not have fpirits to hold
out longer, when they were at once pinched by
third and hunger. Coutign being apprized of Xe-
raPs intentions by an Arabian deferter, ordered large
beams to be fufpended on the walls, and others to be
fixed on thefe crofs-ways in niches : he likewife placed
in readinefs fevcral veflels filled with gun-powder, and
a confiderable quantity of large ftones : the enemy
came on with vaft boldnefs, and having applied their
ladders, attempted to fcale the fort, every one endea-
vouring to climb up with great emulation : but the
Portuguefe letting fall the beams, broke the ladders 5
they likewife tumbled down great numbers of
floncs ; fo that they made confiderable havock
araongft the enemy, who rufhed on in crowds
to the attack, Xeraf thought proper to call off his
men from the aflaulr, and commanded them at a
proper diftance to keep a continual firing on the fort.
He likewife ordered an engine for difcharging darts
and ftones to be ereded on the palace ; this in all
probability would have done confiderable damage to
our people, but it luckily happened that the enemy had
not oneperfonamongftthem who could uk ic properly.
Xcraf at lafi ordered a wall to be built of llich a height,
that he might from thence command the fort, and
clear the battlements of the Portuguelc\ Our people,
however, by Coutign's directions, having planted a
couple of cannon, played them fo^ furioufly on this
new work of the enemy, that th-.y foon made a large
cleft in the wail, and battered it down in feveral places.
The Portuguefe foon after held up their fhields
fixed on poles with niches, that (hey might make an
appearance of a numerous body of armed men. Thev
likewife
'35'^ The H I s T o R Y of Book XII;
like wife; kd up dances, and made other demon ftra-
tions of joy, that the enemy might from thence ima-
gine they had received a reinforcement. The fol-
lowing night Coutign fent Emmanuel Vitulo and
Roderigo Varella with fome veflfels full of com-
buflibies. They accordingly advanced wich the ut-
moft filence, and they placed thefe vefTels within the
enemy's work, and from thence to the fort they laid
a train of powder. As foon as they entered the fort,
they i'ct fire to the train, which inftantly communicat-
ed itfelf to the vefiels, and blew up the enemy's ftation
within the wall. The flames reached the palace,
which was quickly confumed, as was hkewife a great
part of the town, for the wind that night was ex-
tremely high and boifterous. This difafter perfedlly
damped the king as well as XeraPs fpirits : being
now convinced that all their efforts would be inef-
fedlual, and imagining our people had received a
reinforcement, they abandoned the city and paffed
over to an oppofue ifland, in the utmoft perturbation.
Our people immediately exerted themielves to ex-
tinguifli the fire, and they carried a great quantity of
all forts ofprovifions, together with a fupply of wa-
ter from the city into the fort. After the king had
fettled in the ifiand of Queixfom, he fent a letter to
Coutign : in this he expreffed the utmoft forrow for
his behaviour, laid all the blam.e on Xeraf, and begged
peace of Coutign in the moft fuppliant manner.
In the mean while Gundiffalvo Coutign, brother of
Garcia Coutign, purfuant to the orders of Duarte
Menez, came to Ormus from India, with a ftrong
reinforcement. His arrival ftruck a terror into the
enemy, aud infufed frelh fpirits into our people, who
now, as if peace had been already reftored, began to
behave to their enemies in the moft civil manner.
Xeraf, however, was refolved to perfift in his perfidi-
onfnefs; for when he underftood his majefty had fent
a letter to Garcia Coutign, he employed one Zamir,
a man
EookXII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 353
a man of cliftin(ftion and much in the royal favour,
to ftrangle the king, which was accordingly put in
execution by that villain. Xeraf now raifed to the
throne one Patxa Mahemetxa, fon of king Zatardim
who reigned at the time v.'hen Albuquerque firft came
to Ormus. Patxa being thus indebted to Xeraf for his
crown, went into all his fchemes, and (luck at no-
thing to promote his wicked meafures.
In Africa, this year, John Coutign, at the head of
two hundred horfe, again marched tov/ards Alcazar-
Quivir, ufing, however, the utmod precaution^ by fend-
ing out fcouts to examine the roads through which
he was to pafs. He at length reached Tintanes, four
miles from Alcazar-Quivir. There he fell upon a
body of the enemy unawares, killed feveral of their
men, took fifty prifoners, and carried off above two
thoufand cattle. The governor of Alcazar-Quivir
followed him with three hundred horfe and two hun-
dred foot. Coutign marched flow, though with the
utmofl caution, for he had ftrengthened the rear of
his army in fuch a manner, as to render rt fecure
again ft any aflaulr. Having crofled the river, he
drew out his forces, and offered battle, bur the enemy
were afraid to attempt the river; in dieir fight having
refted and refrelhed his men, he then proceeded for
Arzila, which he entered with all his plunder, to the
great joy of the inhabitants, for Africa as well as
Spain, was at this time forely afflidled v/ith famine.
Hamet Laroz governor of Alcazar Quivir being
movdd with indignation, that Coutign with fo fmall
a force, at fuch a difiance from Arzila, and {o near
Alcazar-Qiiivir, fliould have killed fuch a number
of Moors, and carried off fo confiderable a booty,
was therefore refolved to wipe off this indignity by
fome gallant exploit. He accordingly marchv^d for
Arzila with four hundred horfe : it happened to be
a dark and rainy day; fo that he approached the place
without being difcovered. Some of the Portuguefe,
free from all apprchenfion of danger, happened to be
Vol. II. A a foraging
^54 T^^ History of Book XII.
foraging vviihout the city. Thefe, as foon as they
perceived the enemy, clapped fpurs to their horfes,
and riding ii.to the city with all pofllble fpeed, gave
the alarm. Co'jtign having given the fignal, imme-
diately colle6tcd his forces, and marched out to meet
the enemy. In the Portuguefe van, commanded by
Ferdinand Mafcaregn, there was one Alvaro Nunez,
fon to the mailer of the king's houfhold^ a youih
of vaft fpirit and liberality, who v>/as generally fur-
rounded with a number of flatterers. Some of thefe
at this jundure, bid him embrace the prefcnt op*
portunity ofdifplaying his courage. ' Aliow not any
' one,' faid they, ' to fnatch bom you the glory of
* this day, ruHi into the thickeft of the enemy, we
are ready to follow you.' Alvaro, elated with thefe
words, and fired by heat of youth, pufhed on his
horfe. Mafcaregn endeavoured to recall him, but
in vain-, for the youth afcribed this to an envious
jealoufy, and therefore preiTed forward with redou-
bled fpeed, that he might be the firft in the en-
gagement. He, together with twenty more who fol-
lowed him, accordingly a tacked the enemy's van with
fo much fury, that they were forced to give ground :
but Laroz having immediately fent up a reinforce-
ment, thefe rafh youths were quickly overpowered by
numbers. Alvaro was defperately wounded, and
four others were killed on the fpot : the enemy pur-
fued the refl fiying, till they came in fight of Coutign,
when they turned their backs, and retreated with great
precipitation. Coutign found Alvaro ftiU alive, whom
he endeavoured to recover by all poflible means, and
ordered him to be conveyed to the city; but in the
way thither, this brave though ralli vouch expired.
Coutign difpatched Mafcaregn with forty horfe to at-
tack th^ enemy *s rear guard ; he accord irgly came up
with a few of the enemy, whom l^e routed at the
firll onJer, and 'took one prifoner : from him he leaint^
that Laroz wa<; at the head of the troops : he accord -
-ingly fent notice thereof to Coutign, who v/as over-
joyed
BookXII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. ^55
joyed at this news, being exrremely defirous to have
an engagc-ment with a man of fo great renown. La-
roz too had often exprcflld himfelf no Ms fond of
fuch a rencounter: but as he perceived Coutign fo
refolutcly bent thereon, he thought proper at this
time to decHne the engagement. Coutign followed
the enemy for fome fpace, but the fun being now
fcty he gave over the purfuit, and having taken 'nvQ
perfons of diilindlion pnfoners, he returned to the ciiy
with his army. None of the Portuguefe fell in this
affair, excepting thofe five above-mentioned, whom
their own raflinefs had hurried headlong to de-
flrudion.
About this fame time, Henry Menez, brother of
Duarte, a man of a learned education, was gover-
nor of Tangier, and made many fucceEful excur-
fion^. Having received intelligence from his fcouts,
that the commandant of Tcutan intended to invade
the lands near Tangier, and offer him battle, he
marched out with his forces, and waited three days
at a place where he expev^ed the enemy. On the
fourth be returned to the city, and ail his men had
difmounred, when of a fudden the governor of Teu-
tan appeared at the head of his army. The fignal
being given, Menez at; acked and routed the enemy :
in the purfuit, which lafted til! n^ght, he killed ie-
veral and took many pri Toners, and would have done
more conHderablc damage to the enemy, -had not the
darknefs favoured their efcape. This was accounted
to be a very extraordinary victory ; tor the governor
of Teuran was a man of great bravery, and brought
with him an army much more formidable than that
of Mencz : and it was fomewhat flirprizing that a
pcrlbn v/ho had fpenc the greatefl part of his life
in the ftudy of philofophy and divinity, fliould have
(liewn himfelf fo excellent a warriour.
In the mean while, Vafco Ferdinand Csefar was
cruizing in the (freights of Gibraltar, whi( h he kept
clear of all eocmies, not by his Hrergth, which was
A a z
inconfi-
K^Hildi^^ia:^«r^
35^ The History of Book XII.
inconfidcrabie, but by his gallant behaviour. Having
been informed by the mailer of a fmal! galley, that
four flVips had taken a Portuguefe velfcl, and carried
her off tied to the ii-ern of the commodore, he failed
in qucft of them, and at lad defcried them behind
the mo'intain Calpe ; and as he favv the flag-fliip fe-
parated from the reft, he made towards her, and
having hailed thofe aboard, afxed them whence they
were? They were Engiifh, but they made him no
anfwer, and threatened him with immediate deftruc-
tion, if he did not inftantly flrike to their flag. Cjefar
being unufed to ad: in fo fubmirnve a manner, refufed
to comply, and accordingly made ready for an en-
gagement. The guns were fired vvith equal briflv-
nefs on both fides. Daring the heat of the fight,
thofe in the Portuguefe veffel which had been taken,
cut the cables, and difengaged themfelves, without
being perceived by the Englifn. C^'lar loil feven of
his men, and had many grievouQy wounded by the
fplinters of their iliields, fhivered to pieces by the
enemy's cannon. There was aboard C^efar's (hip a
German, equally remarkable for his courage and
llrength of body. He had received fifceen wounds,
and loft a vaft quantity of blood. C^far advifed
him to quit the fight, to have his wounds bound up.
* No,' anfwcrcd he, ' I will eidier dic^, or force the
' enemy to flrike.* Then raifir^g up one of the guns
on his ihoulder, he ordered one of his companions
to fire it off; which being accordingly repeated fe-
veral rimes, it d^moiiihed the tnemy's rigging, and
carried off part of the maft; fo that the Englilli w^ere
tilled with the utmoft conllernation. Another Ger-
man was no lefs fuccefsful, the diredion of his gun
was fo exad, that the ball coming in at the head
of the fl-^ip, killed feveral on the deck, and carried
off part of die ftern. The Englifli fiiip having twenty
of their men killed, and many more wounded, now
thought proper to P.rike, as did likewife the other
ih'ps, which by contrary winds, were hindered Irom
I beiig
BookXII. the PORTUGUESE, Szc. 357
being prefent at the engagement. Co-jfar now lent
a long-boar, to afk the reafon why the Englifli had
taken the Portugucfe (hip? They anfwered, tiiat they
had only carried her along with them in order to
preferve her from the attacks of the Moorifli pirate?,
who infefted thofe fcas. Cnefar allovved the Knglidi
to depart, and they put into Cadez for refrelhmtnr.
He himfelf failed to Ceuta. Emmanuel this yep.r fit-
ted out a large fleet under the command of Simon
Cugna, and Triftan his fon, who were to fcour thofe
feas of py rates.
This year there was fuch an cxceflive drought in
the northern parts of Africa, that the corn was quite
parched up, and matiy of the people were cut off
by famine. Great numbers of the Moors preHed by
this calamity, fent to Emmanuel, telhng him they
were defirous to embrace the Chriftian faith, and wil-
ling to become flaves to thofe who would inftru6t
them in the myfteries of our holy religion. The
king very readily afiented to this propofal; for fo
great was his zeal for Chrftianity, that under pre-
tence of propagating it, he was very liable to be im-
pofed upon. It is certain the Moors, under a pre-
text of religion, wanted only to fupply their necefTities;
and it was highly probable that, as foon as an op-
portunity offered, they would make no fcrupie to
violate their pretended faith by the bafeft adions.
It feemed therefore highly imprudent and dangerous,
to adrnit fuch inveterate enemies as it were into the
bofbm of our country. Befides, a report prevailed
that the plague was in Africa, and people were ap-
prehenfive that it might be brought into Portugal.
Moreover, the Portuguefe themfelves were at this
time in great want of provifions, for at the begin-
ning of the year they had like wife had the moil
excefTive drought, and in the months of May and
April, fuch immoderate rains had fallen, as entirely
fotted the young corn. When therefore the Moors
A a ^ oiiered
g5S The H I s T 0 R y of Book XIL
ofrered to be Haves for their maintenance, not one
of the Portngutfe would accept of their fervice; {o
that great numbers of them periilied by famine, in
the moft miferable manner.
This year five Venetian galleys came into the har-
bour of Lifbqn, under the command of Alexander
de Pizoria, a nobleman of great diifinclion in that
republic. He was fenc envoy to Emmanuel, to
make propofals about the Indian. fpices to be con-
figned to the Venetians, for a certain fum to be paid
his Forcuguefe majefty. The king received Alexan-
der in the mofi: polite manner, loaded him with
many confiderahlc prefents, and gran red his requeft ,
in every particular, t-xcept^ that about the fpices.
Tov^ards the end of this year, Emmanuel, no\T
at the height of glory, wealth and reno^vn, and in
outward appearance, ffrong and vigorous in his con-
ititution, was feized with a (ijdden fit of illnefs,
which having continued nine days, carried him off
on the 13th of December, in the 53d year of his
age, after a reign of twenty Cix years, one month
sip.d fifteer. days. ]n the laH: hours of his life he
gave the highcft proofs of his piety and devotion.
After having made his will, he gave up his thoughts
tntire^y to fu-urity, aud bore his approaching fate
with tht utmoft refignaiion and alacrity. In the
moil: fervent mar.ner he "joined with the holy men
v.ho attended him, in oflering up prayers for his
eternal welfare, and repeated many palll^ges from the
IvAy fcriptures, w'nh all the marks of rapture and
devotion. His body was depofited in the church of
Bethlehem, which he himfelf had founded. The fu-
neral was graced with the appearance of all the na-
biliry and men of diflin6lion, who expreffed tht deep-
eil forrcw on this occafion.
If we can with propriety f^iy, there is any hap-
pinefb in human affairs, Emma.nuel was certainly hap-
py in his life and reign. Though defcended of the
rpvai blcodj yet at one tune he ccuid have but
little
BookXIi: the PORTUGUESE, &c. 359
little hopes of the crown; however, all thofe who
preceded him by age and confanguinity, havirg
dropt of by various mifchances the throne devolved
to him iinexpeftedly. That Ormuz, part of Arabia,
India bounded by the tvv© rivers, and fevera! coun-
tries in me eaft beyond the Ganges, were added to
the Portuguefe dominions, muft be afcribcd to the
honour of Emman jel : for in nothing; is the Sireatnefs
of a prince more confpicuous, than in the employing
of able perlbns, and (tirring them up to noble ex-
ploits. A king, if worthy to be called fo, breathes
into his fubjed a fpirit of emulation, infpires them
with fortitude to encounter dangers, and by his ge-
nerous encouragement, inflames them v/ith a third
after glory and reputation. As the bravery, dex-
terity, and alacrity in a foldiery, muft be afcribed to
the vigilance and afiiduity of their commanders who
have trained them up, fo likewife the praifes of the
generals themfelves for their exploits, in a great mca-
fure belong to their princes, who have excited them
to fuch noble performances by their royal favour
and encouragement. Kings therefore are intitled to
the glory of fuch ' atchievements, for two reafons ;
firft, becaufe they railt^d that heroic fpirit in thofe
illuftrious perfonage.^; and fecondly, becaufe they kn^w
hov/ to make a proper ufe of fuch high merit. As
an indolent effeminate nobility reflefls diflionour on
their fbvereign, fo likewife a race of iliuftrious no-
bles, adds greatly to his luftre and dignity : for the
prince is as it were the fountain-head, from whence
vice cr virtue flows amongfl: the people.
The aifiduity then and indefatigable induftry of
Vafco de Gama, in difcovering the eaflern paflage;
the intrepidity of Duarte Pacheco, in curbing the
infolent Zamorin ; the many fignal viftorics of Fran-
cilco Almc-ide ; the exploits of the great and iliuf-
trious Albuquerque, whofe fame and renown may be
compared with that of the mofl; eminent heroes of
antiquity -, all this I fay mull be imputed to John
A a 4 th?
»»nW:Mlf4liSlitM^i^;c^'^ {ix^'i.'iihti
360 The History of Book XII,
the fecond and Emmanuel, to whom it was ov/ing
that thefe heroes embarked in fuch noble enterpri-
zes. We may affirm the fame with regard to the
exploits of Mafcaregn, Coutign, and many more il-
luftrious pe^rfonages, whofe heroic deeds are to be
afcribed 10 Emmanuel. Nor do I make any doubt
that, if his majefty had marched in perfon into A-
frica, he would have reduced all the Moors Under
his fubjeftion. But he was diverted from this de-
fign, partly by fome unlucky events, and partly by
the advice of fome timorous counfellors. However,
the many cities taken in Africa by his authority,
and the number of forts bulk there by his orders,
are inconteftable proofs of his deteftation of the Ma-
hometan religion, and of his violent defire to de-
ftroy that vile fed*. His fuccefs was extraordinary,
but this we mufl not impute to fortune, as the bulk
of m.ankind are apt to do, but afcribe it intirely to
the divine goodnefs, which fo evidently manifefted
itfelf in all his undertakings.
He was a prince of the utmoft moderation and
temperance, benevolent in his difpofition, mild and
humane in his behaviour : his temper was naturally
jgrave, though at the fame time mixed with an^agree^
able fweetnefs and affability. He was eafy 'of ac-
cefs, and mofl: indefatigable in the adminiftration of
juftice, and managing the affairs of his kingdom.
He generally rofe before day-light, and after having
performed divine worfhip, he fpeni the remainder of
his time in hearing petitions, and fettling the affairs
of his government. In converfadon he was highly a-
greeable, ^nd extremely facetious. He v/as a prince
of the mod extenfive liberality ; he made hand fome
provifions for all his domefticks ; he was no lefs care-
kil of all employed in his fervice, either by fea or
land : and thofe who diftinguifned themfelvcs by their
gallantry, he not only honoured with praifes, but alfa
belloy/cd on them the highell initances of bounty
and
BookXIL thePORTUGUIiSE, &c. 361
and liberality. He was no lefs confpicuous for cha-
rity, for he often relieved the poor from his own pri-
vate income. He beftowed alio fever al rich endow-
ments on the monafteries and nunneries. He was ex-
tretnely (tricot in the punifliment of crimes and mif-
demeanours, though at the fame timt', in his natural
difpofition, he was rather inclined to lenity than feve*
rity. He was a great lover of mufic, though not to
fuch a degree as to take him off from his ftate-af-
fairs. He kept feveral muficians in his palace, who
performed every day on various inftrumenrs, yet a-
midft this agreeable amufemenr, he difpaiched all man-
ner of bufinefs with his minifters and governors. He
was extremely elegant in his living, and his table
was generally furnilhed with the moft exquifice difhes,
yet as to his own eating he was remarkably tempe-
rate. He always abflained from wine, and kept the
public fafts with the utmoft ftridnefs. He was a
great patron of learning, and with the higheft plea-
fure and curiofity enquired ipto the laws, cuftoms and
hiftory of different nations. When he dined in pub-
lic, the entertainment pf his table confided more in
ufeful and agreeable converfation, than luxurious
difhes : for his guefts were generally men of learn-
ing, and thofe who had travelled into foreign coun-
tries •, with fuch perfous he difcourfed in the moll
open and agreeable manner. At his leifure hours,
he ufed to unbend his mind in manly diverfions,
fuch as tennis, hunting, and horfe races. But what
was very extraordinary in him is, that he never fpent
a day in fuch amufernents, in which he did not at
the fame time tranfad fome bufinefs with his mini-
fters : for if he happened to be hunting in the wood?,
even there fome one or other was ready ro prefent
him with a petition, or to offer fome what in re-
gard to the public: or if he was plcafurin^^ in his
yacht by water, yet he had always fome or his m/;-
fiilters iboardj with whom he fettled fome affairs re-
3^2 The History of Book XIL
lating to the (late. In his reign poverty feenfied to
be driven into exile, and forrow banillied: no mur-
muring or difcontent was to be heard, but joyful
mirth prevailed every where. There were frequent
bails at court, graced with the appearance of the
nobility of both fexes, amongft whom there reigned
the utmoft harmony and honourable love, without
any fhameful and criminal intrigues. Nor was any
one admitted into the good graces of the ladies,
who had nol fignalized himfelf by fome great ex-
ploit in war. And the young nobility were not al-
lowed to affume their rank at court till they had paf-
{ed over into Africa, and performed fome ad of
gallantry. Snch were the nobility in the reign of
Emmanuel, at whofe expence feveral youths were
bred up in the palace, who afterwards became great
and illuftrious men. Emmanuel revived feveral re-
ligious orders; he curbed their licentioufncfs, and re-
ftored the ancient flri(flnefs and fandlity. He like-
v./ife built ftveral religious houfes, and repaired others
running to ruins. He had the utmoft deteftation of
the Mahometan religion, and was defirous to ex-
tirpate it •, for this reafon he carried on the wars
in Africa and Afia with fo much vigour. His zeal
for religion, however, though great, yet did not hin-
der him from the execution of his fecular affairs. Nor
did his vigilance and affiduity in fettling the conftitu-
tion, manners, and laws of his kingdom, hinder him
from carrying on his warlike fchemics with the great-
eft application. And at the fame time that he fitted
out fleets for Africa, and the eaftern regions, and
fent garrifons to various places, he was no lefs di-
ligent in the adminiftration of juftice, hearing peti-
tions, and punifning crimes. He was, however a,
prince of fuch an eafinefs of temper, as to be un-
able to wichiland the importunities of defigning
courtiers. Hence it was that many were allowed
to feize endowments which load been appropriated
Book XII. the PORTUGUESE, &c. 35J
to religious ufes. To this pliancy in his difpoficion
it was likewile owing, that he deferred his refoluri-
on of going over to Africa, till ac lad an uncx-
peded death cut him off from all his projeds. Thus,
like all mortals, he had fome imperfedions, but cep'
tainly a prince endowed with fo many great and
noble qualifications, is worthy of immortal praife
and honour.
^•41^
INDEX.
C 365 ]
INDEX.
A
ABraeo John Gomez, goes afhore in Madagafcar
Vol i, Pag. 282
His flilp leaves him 283
Dies of grief 284
Abrahem, governor of Socotora his anfwer to the Portuguefe
28$
His gallant behaviour 289
Abed alia falfly accufed ii. 190
His anfwer to the accufation 191
Suffers unjuftly ibid^
His death raifes a general odium againft the Portuguefe
192
Acote, a vi^arm friend of the Portuguefe i. 249
Made King of Sofala 250
Adam's Peak, a mountain in Ceylon 254
Two graves vifited there with great fuperftition Hid,
Aden, a city in Arabia, a defcription thereof ii. 112
Unfuccefsfully befieged by the Portuguefe 1 1 6
Befieged by the Sultan's general 225
Offers to furrender to Soarez, who refufes to accept of
it 226
Ethiopia divided into two parts i. 251
Great difference in the foil and inhabitants ibid.
Aguz, a city in Morocco ii. 100
Albuquerques, Francis and Alphonfo, fet out for India with
fix (hips i. 12S
They attack the King of Cochin's enemies, and re-
eftablifh him in his dominions j 65
Alphonfo arrives at Coulan 168
They fet fail again for Portugal 171
Arrives at Lifbon ibid.
Francis perifhes by fhlpwreck ibi^.
Alphonfo appoioted to fucceed Almeid as viceroy in
India 281
Albuquerque,
3^6 INDEX.
Albuquerque, Alphonfo, takes Curlate i* 3^9
Burns Mafchal 320
Sails next to Sohar and Orphazon, both which fur-
render 32L
Attacks and defeats the King of Ormuz*s fleet 322 ^feq.
Enters into a treaty with the King 326
His anfwer to Ifmael's deputies who came to demand
tribute of the King of Ormuz 3 29
Petitioned by his officers to leave Ormuz, but refufes
330
Renews the war againft Ormuz 333
Commits a piece of barbarity - 534
Reduces the enemy to the utmofl: extremity 335
Is obliged, by the infamous behaviour of his officers, to
leave Ormuz 336
Takes Arbez, and plunders Homeal ibid.
Attacks Calajate, where he ads with great inhumanity
339
Attacks Ormuz again 340
Receives a letter of Almeid from Coje Atar ibid.
Arrives at Cananor, where he delivers Emmanuel's let-
ter, and requires the government of India to be
given up to him 341 & 355
Sails for Calicut with Fernando Coutign 357
Is dangeroufly wounded 362
By the perfuafion of Timoia he fails for Goa ii. 2
Sends deputies to the citizens, who furrender 4
Settles the government of Goa, and fends deputies to the
neighbouring princes ^
Behaves with great fpirit tov/ards his officers forming ca-
bals againft him 6
Behaves with great magnanimity 1 1
Evacuates the fort and city 1 3
Takes the fort of Pangin 15
Orders feveral of his officers to be confined 17
Sails again for Goa 26
Gets pofleffion of it, after having ilajn above 300c of the
enemy 3^
The plan he purfued to fettle a lafiing government in
India ibid.
Makes the ifland of Sumatra, and enters into a treaty
with the King of Pcdir 48
Attacks two large iliips ibul.
Takes Malacca, and builds a fort thercc 60
Albuqvjerque,
INDEX. 3^7
Albuquerque, Alpbonfo, by a ftratagem, fcizes Utcmaturaja,
and puts him to death ii. 74
His fliip dcftroyed, and he himfclf in great danger 78
Sails to Goa, and befieges the city and fort of Benaftor
unfuccefsfully 86 tff feq.
His wife adminiftration at Goa, where he receives em-
bafladors from feveral of the neighbouring princes
88 ^f^q.
Makes peace fhith the Zamorin, and builds a fort at Ca-
licut 90
Makes an unfuccefsful attempt on Aden 116
Deftroys feveral of the enemy's fhips, and fets fail 1 17
Receives the Sophi's embafiador with great pomp f68
Cuts off Raix Hamed 172
Is feized with a fit of illnefs 193
Is greatly affeded with the news of his being ordered to
refign 195
Writes a letter to Emmanuel, and dies foon after 196
His charadier ib. t^ fiq,
Albuquerque, George, fails for India with fixteen fliips, fix
of which only reached India 264
Dethrones Gueinai the ufurper of Pacem, and reHor^^s
the right heir 337
Attempts to florm Bantam, but is repulfed with iofs
Alcazar Quivir, a town in Barbary i. 13S
Aliubilia, a village on mount Farrob ii. 1S2
Alles makes feveral alterations and additions in tha law of
Mahomet 165
Almedin, a city in Morocco 37
A defcription ot the city and inhabitants 94
Taken pofiefiion of by the Portuguefe 125
Almeid or Almeed, Diego, introduces John's natural fon to
Emmanuel i. 8
His fpeech on this occafion ibid.
Almeid, Francis, fent with a fleet to India 215
Arrives at Quiloa, which he takes 228
^^akes Mahumed Ancon king - 229
' Arrives at Mombaze 230
Sends a meffenger afiiore, who is treated with great
contempt 232
Fires the town, and drives out the inhabitants 233
Builds a fort at Anchedive 235
Sails to Onor, and engages the King's army 239
Almeid,
368 INDEX.
Almeid, Francis, builds a fort at Cananor i. 244
Sets out for Panane with twelve fhips 291
Fires the place 293
His difcreet conduct ibid.
His behaviour on the death of his Ton 301
Refufcs to deliver up the government of India 341
Sails to Dabiil 343
Engages Mirhocem's fleet 34.8
Defeats the enemy 351
Spirited on by a party, he ftill refufes to refign, and
orders Albuquerque to be confined 355
Gives up the government to Albuquerque, and fails from
India 356
Killed in a fcuiHe by fome favages near the Cape of
Good Hope 366
Almeid, Laurence, fent by his father to Coulan, where he
burns twenty feven foips 246
Makes a treaty of friendfliip with the King of Ceylon
254
Sails againft the Calicutian fleet 256
Gains a vi6lory, and fails for Cananor 258
Behaves with great gallantry 292
Engages the Sultan's fleet 296
Particulars of the engagement 297
His magnanimity 299
His melancholy fate 300
Alphonfo, King of Congo's Ton, a zealous friend of Chriiii-
anity 159
Makes an edid agrind the worfhip of images 160
Is proclaimed King ibid.
Engages his brother, and gains a compleat victory 161
Takes great pains to promote the do£trines oi Chrifti-
anity ii. 202
Alvarenga, Lope Soarez, ftnt w'lih a fleet to India i. 163
Sent again to India, and appointed viceroy ii. x88
Enters upon his government 199
Refufes to accept of Aden 226
Returns to Ormuz after an unfortunate expedition 231
Defeats the King of Ceylon, and builds a fort there 256
Delivers up his government, and fails for Portugal ibid.
Alvaro Nunez killed by his own ralhnefs 254
Amagor, a caftle in Africa ii. 176
Ancoitan defeats a party of the Portuguefe 238
Andrade, Simon and Ferdinand, their gallant behaviour 19
Auuiade,
INDEX; ^6^
Andradc, Ferdinand Petre, has the charge of naval affairs at
Malacca ii. 77
Sails to meet Laflaman's fleet 8 1
Attacks and takes the fort where Patequitir was llationei
Gives a nohic inflance of his ptibh'ck fpirit 105
Is again rcftored to his command, and defeats the enemy
after a bloody fight 109
Sails for Criina 200
Arrives at Nanto, where he is ehtertained with great ci-
vility 2.J.J
His honourable behaviour at his departure 246
Andrade, Simon, fails to China, where he behaves very badly
249
Aquilar, George, appointed adrtiival of a fleet i. 279
His melancholy fate ibld^
Arabians, their flcill in navigation 55
Violent enemies to the Portuguefe 73^7^
Raife difturbances at Coulan 207
Devotees amongft them who fought with their heads
fhavcd 292
Arzila plundered and fired by the King of Fez 307
The Portuguefe garrifon reduced to the utmoft extre-
mity ibid.
The fiege is at lafl raifed 3 i o
Befieged again, but the Portuguefe having received a
confiderable reinforcement, the enemy are obliged
to draw off their men ii. 207
A merry adventure of twenty of the Portuguefe belong-
ing to the garrifon 294.
Ataide appointed commander inftead of Sodre ^' ^S^
He and the reft of the officers unanimoufly refolve to
fail back to the affiftance of Trimumpar ibid,
Ataide, Nunez Ferdinand, fails for India with 30 (hips ii. 22.
Ataide, governor of Saffia, defends the city with great gal-
lantry 39
Makes feveral excurfions againft the Moors ibiJ.
Marches to Almedin and engages ^the enemy 9f
A^ttacks the king of Morocco's camp 97
Has feveral more fliirmifhcs with the Moors 9 3
Advances to the gates of Morocco, but is obliged to
retreat 1 8 r
Makes another excurficn, and kills many of the Moors
209
Vol. IL B b Ataids^
^70 I N D E X.
Attaide, governor of Saffia, is killed il. 2tt .
Azambugio fails for Portugal i. 272
Returns to Saffia 273
Azanior or Afanior, a city in Africa 301
Taken by the Fortuguefe ii. J25
B
I^Abare, an inland' fo called ii. 329
J Banda iflands 84
Banians, a religious feci in Narfingua who abflain from fifli
and flefii i. 241
Bantam, King, of, i^is wicked contrivance againfl Abedalla
ii, 189
ASis with great diffimulation, and attacks Malacca 253
Is obliged to give over hoftilities 255
Barraxa and Altnandarin lay waiie the lands near Arzila 90
Engage the Portuguefe, and are routed 91
Sarr'ga Lopez behaves with great gallantry, and is dangerouf-
ly wounded 98
Gains a confiderable vicflory over the Moors 99
Attacks the Moors at the caftle of Azamor, and kills
feveral 177
Attacks another caPJe, but is repulfed ' 178
Falls into the eneiny's hands, but foon makes his efcape
ibid.
Betaglia, a town in Portugal i. 83
Beatrix, Emmanuel's mother, her fpeech to him in behalf of
the Duke of Braganza's Tons 21
Beatrix, Emmanuel's fifler, married to the Duke of Savoy
ii. 341
Beja, Ferdinand de, takes two veiTels 340
Behaves with great intrepidity, and is killed 343
Benaftar, the fort and city of, attacked by the Portuguefe 86
Is at laft reduced 87
Senaduxar enters into the fervice of Emmanuel 315
Forms a treacherous fcheme 316
Communicates his defign to his brother, who endeavours
to duTuade him from it 317
The reward he gained for his perfidy 318
Bengal, a defcription of the country and its inhabitants ii. 250
Benxamut, a renowned Arabian General 209
Has a cc'nference with his wife, who reproaches him
of cowardice and infidehty ibid.
Makes a fpeech to his men^ Jio
Benxamut
r N^ D E X, 571
Benxamut kills Ataide ii. 211
Defeats the Portuguefe, and leads off his wife (who had
been taken prifoncrj in triumph 212
Is killed ibid.
Bifnagar, the metropolis of Narfmgiia i. 241
Braganza, Duke of, appointed commander of a numerous
army, and fent to beiiege Azamor ii. 121
Takes the city 125
His anfwer to the Francifcan friar 128
Returns to Portugal 129
Bra.mins, held in high efteem by the Indians i. 6B
Thofe in Narilngua confift of women as well as men
240
Erava, a town 285
Brazil difcovcred gS
The country, foil and produce 99
The furprifing manners and cuHoms of the natives
99 — 105
Britto, Lopez, a£ts with great imprudence ii. 326
Britto, Antonio, chofen commander in the room of his de-
ceafed brother 339
Britto, George, his expedition to Sumatra proves fatal to
himfelf and many of the Portuguefe 338
c
C
Abral, Pedro Alvarez de, appointed admiral of thirteea
(hips i. 84.
Sails for India 85
Difcovers an unknown country 96
Goes aftiore 97
Difpatches one of his officers toLifbon with news of the:
difcovery 98"
Names the country Sandra Cruz, but it was afterwards;
called Brazil ibid^
Sails from Brazil 1 05
Lofes feveral of his (hips, and turns the Cape with fix
only ibid.
Arrives at Mozambique ^ 1 06
Touches next at Quiloa, and fends meflengers to the
King 107
Proceeds to Melinda, v/here he is received with great
civility /^q
Arrives at the Anchedive iflands ibid,
B b 2 Cabral,
372 INDEX.
Ciibral, Pedro Alvarez de, waits on the Zamorin i. TiO
At his defire he fends Pedro Ataidc to engage a large fhip
III
Takes the cargo of an Arabian fliip 114
Buiuii ten Arabian ihips in the harbour of Calicut 117
Enters into a treaty with the King of Cochin i iS
Sails for Portugal 120
Arrives at Lifbon I2i
Cabis, a Siamefe animal, from which a ftone is extraded
which has a wonderful cfte6t in (topping bleeding
ii, 49
Cxfar, Ferdinand, behaves with great gallantry againft the
Moors 275
Takes two Moorifli vefTels 314
Behaves again with amazing intrepidity when attacked
by fix Moorifli veflels ikid.
Attacks fome Englifh {hips 356
Cairn, Muza, receives the tenets of Alles, and orders thofe
of Alles's perfuafion to wear caps to diftinguifti them
from the other Mahometans 166
CaUeira, Fernando, treacheroufly murdered 236
Caliates or Calajate, the inhabitants of, put a trick on the
Portuguefe 319
Calicut, its fituation i. 71
Cambaya, a defcription of this kingdom ii. 157
Campar, King of, appointed Bendar of Malacca 153
Suffers death unjuftly ibid.
Cananor, the city defcribed i. 19 J
The King invites Cabral to trade in his dominions 120
The Portuguefe fort befieged 265
Particulars of the fiege ib. iff feq.
Cape of Good Hope, why fo called 33
of Comorin 6j
Caragoca, the citizens refufc to take the oath of allegiance to
Emmanuel and Ifabel 42
Ccuta, a town in Barbary i. 16
Befieged by the King of Fez ii. 139
Ceylon, by fome fuppofed the Tabrobana of the ancients
i. 253
Soil and produce of the country ibid.
The Portuguefe fort befieged by the inhabitants ii. 326
Peace again renewed 328
Chaul, a city in Cambaya i. 294
China, a defcription of this kingdom ii. 246
Chinefe^
INDEX. 373
Chitiefe, their manners and cuftoms ii. 247, cfr.
Chriftianity, propagated in Congo i. [58
Oppofed there by feveral enemies 159
Cochin, a defcription of the city 1 1 7
King of, receives a letter from the Zamorin, ordering
him to deliver up the Portuguefe 136
His anfwer expreflive of the higheft fcnfe of honour and
utmoft fidelity 136
Coje, Atar, ufes various flratagems to deftroy the Portuguefe
Coje, Bequo, comes with propofals of peace from Calicut 209
His difcretion and bravery ii. 65
Is killed 68
Congo, a kingdom in /Ethiopia, vifited by Diego Cam 154
King of, fends an ambaflTador to Emmanuel with fome
yowths to be educated 156
Several religious men fent there, who are joyfully re-
ceived 1 62
Correa, Antonio, relieves Malacca befieged by the King of
Bantam ii. 299
Enters into a treaty with the King of Pegu 300
Takes a ftation of the King of Bantam near Pado 303
Gains a confiderable viAory 304
Corfu, a fcuffle betwixt the inhabitants and Portuguefe
foldiers there i. 95
Correa, Ayres, prefles Cabral to unload the Arabian fhips
U4
Killed in a tumult raifed by the Arabians 1 16
Correa, Ferdinand, violates the treaty with Zamorin 16^
Corteregals, Jafper and Michael, their unhappy fate in en-
deavouring to make difcoverics in the North 129
Cotugaa 186
CiQulan, a defcription of the city and kingiiom 168
Part of it inhabited by Chriftians yvho follow the do<f^rine
of St. Thomas //-/V/.
The Queen remains faithful to the Portuguefe, notwith-
{landing all the efforts of the Ar.ibijns ii. 233
The Queen rebels, but foon makes peace ag.iin
Coutign, Garcja, his remiflhefs 34'?
Fires the enemy's vefTels, and obliges them to nufc- ti c
fiege 3 > 2
Coutign, John, makes feveral cxcurfions againit the Moors
Coutign, Fernandoj arrives in India i. 3^5
B b 3 Coutign,
374 ^ N D E X.
Coutign, Fernando, reconciles. Albuquerque and Almeid
Reproaches Albuquerque 359
Behaves with the utmoft rafhnefs 360
Is killed 362
Cranganor, the Chriftians there fend deputies to Gama 134
Their religious cuftoms and ceremonies 212
The city fired by Soarez 211
Cucurram 186
Cugna, Triftan, appointed Admiral of a fleet for India 224
Has a conference with the King of Melinda, to whorn
he entrufts three amballadors to the King of
/Ethiopia 285
Takes Hoy a ibid.
Sails to Magadoxo 287
Takes the fort of Socotora 289
Sails from India with five fhips richly loaded 294
D
DA^iid, Its fituatlon ii. 92
Dabul, its fituation i. 343
Plundered and fired 344
Pavid, a Chriftian prince in -^i^thiopia, fends an ambaffador
to Emmanuel ii. 146
A defcription of his dominions 149
Manners and cufloms of the people 150
Their religious rites and ceremonies borrov/ed moftly
from the Jews 151 & 152
Diu or Dlo, a city in Cambaya 157
Duam, a town in Africa 99
E
E Leaner is received in Portugal with great pomp and
ceremony ii. 262
Delivered of a daughter who was named Mary 340
Emmanuel, proclaimed King of Portugal i. 8
Sends one ambaffador to Spain, and another to pope
Alexander i l
Increafes the number of judges, and enlarges their fal-
laries i 3
Takes a ilridi account of the publick revenues ibid.
His humanity to the Jews 15
Prepares to carry on the African war 16
Emmanuelj
INDEX. 375
Eitimanue], receives a propofal of marriage from Ferdinand
and Ifabel ibid.
His anfwcr 1 7
Recals the Duke of Braganza's Tons from banifliment 20
Receives an ambaflador tVom Venice 25,
His fcheme to detain the Jews 28
Contrary to the advice of many of his council he refolves
to ufe his utmoll efforts to difcover a paflkge to In-
dia 3 4
Is married to Ifabel widow of Alphonfo, John's fon 57
He and Ifabel become heirs apparent to the crown of
Spain ibid.
They fet out for Spain, where they are received with
great folemnity, and the people take the oaths of
allegiance 39
Sends two ambaiTadors, with another from Ferdinand,
to the pope 44-
Orders the body of John to be removed from Sylves 83
Fits out a fleet for India 84
Married ao;ain to Mary, another daughter of their SpaniOi
Majefties 86
Levies a formidable army which he defigns to head him»
felf in Africa 87
Puts off this expedition to affifl the Venetians ibid^.
Confers the order of knighthood on the Venetian am-
baffidcr 122
Sends ambaffadors to Pope Julim II. 215
His anfwer to the pope in relation to the Sultan's com-
plaint 2 1 7
Raifes a confiderable army, and goes to Al^^arve, In order
to pafs over into Africa to the relief of Arzila 31 2
Alters his refolution 3 1 3
Sends three ambafTadors to Pope Leo X. with prefents
ii. 143
His anfwer to the King of Ormyz's embafTy 164
At the inuigation of fome envious pcilbns he reca/r'.
Albuquerque ^ i ^-i^
Sends another ambafla.!or to the pope 2.jq
His charader afperfcd by a fet of perfidious courti'.is
279
Refolves to marry again 260
His conduit cenfured by many of hi? fuhj-cls 261
Married to Eleanor the Emperor's iilur tbul.
His ZFifwer to the Spanifli. rebels Si-'^
B h 4 r^^niit.ucl,
37.6 INDEX.
Emmanuel, carried ofF by a fudJen fit of illnefs ii. 358
l^e exploits performed in his reign 359
His character 360, ^ feq.
F
F Amine, prevails greatly in Portugal i. 127
P'arrol, a mountain fo called 176
A defcription thereof ii. 182
Fereira, ambaflador from the King of Ormuz, embraces
Chriftianity 163
Fernando de Beja fent ambafTador to the King of Cambaya
158
Fernando Gomezio Lemps fent ambafTador to the Sophi of
Perfia 168
Arrives in Perfia, where he is treated v^^ith the utmofl ci-
vility 217, 218
The particulars of his embafTy 220
f ifb, a very uncommon one j. 98
Cjj
Abalican, a feaport in Ceylon i. 254
Gama, Vafco de, fails from Liftron 36
Puts in at the bay of Helen 48
Is wounded ibid.
Arrives at Mozambique 52
Has an interview with the governor Zacocia 53
Treated with great civility by the King of Melinda 60
Arrives at Calicut 61
Sends one of the exiles to the Zamorin or Ernperor ibid.
Is vifited by one Monzaida a Tunifian ibid.
Goes afliore to wait on the Zamorin, and is received
v/ith the utmoft pomp 63
Delivers the particulars of his embafly 65
Leaves Calicut 76
Sends a letter to the Zamorin, giving the reafori of his
abrupt departure 77
Commences hoflilities againfl the Calicutlans J^^, 79
Sets out for Portugal 80
Attacks Magadoxo 82
Touches at Melind^ ibid.
Entertained at Zanzibar with great cr\'ility ibid^
Arrives at Lifbon ^$
Sets out for India again with ten fhips under his com-
mand ■ 122
Gama,
INDEX. 377
Gama, enters into a treaty with the King of Zofala i. 1 30
puts the King of Quiloa in fetters ihid^
Sends a golden crown to Trirnumpar 133
Defeats the Calicutian fleet 135
Overcomes another fleet of the Zamorin 1 37
Sails again for Portugal 138
Ganges, a river in India 67
Its water thought by the Indians to pofl^efs many extra-
ordinary virtues ii. 250
Gnaia, a Portuguefe commander, arrives at Sofala i. 248
Builds a fort there 249
Dies at Sofola, the place being unwholefome 250
Goa, a defcription of the city and ifland ii. 2, 3
Some probability that it was once inhabited by Chriftians
ibid.
Goes, Damianus, wrote a hiftory of the reign of Emmanuel
i. 2
Goes, GundifTalvo Vafco, guilty of the higheft cruelty and
injuftice 261
Deprived of his commilTion 262
The confequences of his condu£l ibid.
Grimaldo, his gallant behaviour ii. 298
H
HAliadux holds the fovereignty of SafEa with Jehabentaf
1.271
Writes a letter to the Portuguefe commander, promif-
ing to bring Salfia under his power ibid.
Gives up the fupreme authority to Jehaben'af 274
Is again inverted with the regal power 275
Behaves with great enmity towards the Portuguefe 276
Hiflorian, the diflficulties he has to encounter i. i, 2
Homo, John, a rafti and precipitate commander 239
His command taken from him 246
Hota, reproaches her hufband for allowing her to remain in
captivity ii. 210
Is releafed by hitn 21 4
Is difconfolate at his unhappy fate, and ftarves herfelf to
death ibid,
Hoya, a city, taken by Cugna i. 285
Jahomazen(Je,
'378 INDEX,
I
JAhomazende, a General in high efteem among the Moors,
killed ii. 98
Japara, a town in the greater Java 102
Java, the greater and lefler, their foil and produce ibid.
The manners and cuitoms of the inhabitants 103
Ibrahim, King of Quiloa, his treacherous behaviour to Maho-
med Ancon i- '3^
Jeddo, it fituation ii. 228
Jehabentaf rules Saffia with Haliadux ' i. 27 1
Left fole governor ibid.
Sent in fetters to Portugal 275
Has a command given him by Emmanuel, and defeats
the Xiatimians * ii. 93
His fidelity being unjuftly fufpc6led, he is deferted by
Barriga 100
With a handful of men he defeats a numerous army
lOI
Behaves with great gallantry 137
His fpeech to Emmanuel in regard to the defertion of the
Moors 21 2
Is treacherouily killed 33^
Jews, their hard ufage in Spain i. 14
Whether they Ciould be baniflied from Portugal, debated
m Emmanuel's council 26
Ordered to depart before a certain day on pain of lofmg
their liberty 28
Meet with hard treatment likewife in Portugal 29
Above two thoufand mafiacred by the populace at Lif-r
bon 225, 226
India, v;hat properly to be fo called 67
John II. of Portugal goes to drink the waters of Algarve 5
His afFe£i:ion for Emmanuel ibid.
His character 6, 7
Ifmael, Sophi cf Perfia, fends an ambafTador to Albuquerque
ii. 167
Receives Emmanuel's ambafTador with great politenefs
221
Sends a letter to Emmanuel 225
Lancharsj
INDEX. 379
L
LAnchars, fliips fo called among the Indians ii. 301
L'Arache, a town in Africa i. 1 74
Leitan, Antonio, is guilty of a piece of barbarity ii. 272
Lemoz arrives at Ormuz where he is entertained with great
civility 41
Puts back to Melinda for the recovery of his health 42
M
MAcblad, one of the Portirguefe exiles in the enemy's
fervice, behaves with great friendfhip to his country-
men ii. 16, 17
His behaviour to the Portuguefe deferters 60
His piety and zeal prompts him to commit a moft in-
human action 70
Madagafcar, or St. Laurence, difcovered i. 248
A defcription of the iiland 284
Manners and cuftoms of the people ibid,
Magadoxo, the inhabitants tear to pieces Coutign's mefien-
ger ^ ^ ^ 287
Magellan, from a difguft, deferts his native country ii. 266
Goes into the fervice of the King of Spain 267
Sails for the Moluccos 270
Mahomed Ancon made King of Quiloa i: 229
A remarkable inftance of his love of juflice, and great-
nefs of foul 230
Narrowly efcapes death 236
Is treacheroufly murdered 251
Mahumed Haga does confiderable damage to the ^ortuguefe
ii. 340, 342
Attacks the Portuguefe fleet Vv'ith great vigour, but is
obliged to retreat with lofs 243
Makes an unfuccefiful attack on one of the Portuguefe
tov/ers 345
Mahometans, divided into two fe(^s 165
Malabar, the country defer: bed ^ i. 68
Manners and cuftoms of the people ibid.
Malacca, a defcription thereof 368
The King makes a treaty with tbe PortuG:uere 370
He becomes alienated from the Portuguefe 371
Forms a fcheme for their dcitrucLioii, which was difco-
vered 372
The inhabitants murder feveral of the Portuguefe 375
Malacca,
3«o I N D E XT,
Malacca, the King of, ads with great dillimulatloii ii. 53
Several bloody engagements at Malacca 55
The city at lad taken by the Portuguefe 60
Like to have come into the enemy's hands by treachery
lit
Attacked by the King of Bantam 253
Mamaliikes, who they were i. 294
Mamora, a river jj, 183
Mary, Emmanuel's Queen, delivered of a fon i. 122
Of a daughter 254
Of a fccond daughter 174
Oi a fecond fon 223
Of a third fon 278
Of her fourth fon 357
Her death and charader ii, 239
Mafcaregn, Nunez, defeats the Garabian Moors 282
Matthew, an Armenian fent ambafl'ador to Emmanuel from the
Chriftian Emperor of ^Ethiopia, arrives in Portugal 245
Maur, a man of the Francifcan order, comes to Lifbon, and
on what account i. 215
Mazagam, a defcription of this town, the adjacent country,
and inhabitants ii. 122
Melichiaz, his humanity i. 390
Makes peace with the Portuguefe 353
Melinda, a defcription of the city and adjacent country 58
Melos by an artful ftratagem fows animofity betwixt Azam-
bugio and Jehabentaf 272
Melos Duarte, appointed Admiral on the deceafe of Aquilar
280
Killed by his own rafhnefs 340
Menez, Duarte, defeats Barraxa and Almandarin ii. 91
Menez, George, behaves with great gallantry 344
Menez, Henry, gains a confiderable vidory 355
Menez, John, overcomes the Moors i, 17, 18
Fruftrated in his attempt on Mazalquivir 94
Gees to aiTift the Venetians ihid.
Takes two fhips ibid.
Returns to Lifbon 96
Makes feveral attempts on the Moors with various fuc-
cefs 139
His expedition to L'Arache 175
Attacks fome villages near Farrob 177
Befieges Azamor, but proves unfucceGfu) 304
Sails to the relief of Arzila 307
MenesL,
index: 381
Menez, John, takes poffeflion of the town again i. 3 1 1
Michael, Emmanuel's fon, declared heir to the kingdoms of
Arragon and Caftile 4^
Dies fuddenly 85
Milanefe, two of them endeavouring to efcape to the Portu-
guefe, are put to death 256
Mirhocem, commander of a numerous fleet againft the Por-
tuguefe 34.6
Behaves with great gallantry 349
Cut ofF by a contrivance of Solyman ii. 226
Moluccos, by fome thought to belong to the King of Spain
268
This opinion demonftrated to be erroneous 270
Mombaze, the city and inhabitants thereof defcribcd i. 55
The Portuguefe make a narrow efcape here 57
Monomotapa, a kingdom in Ethiopia 252
Manners and cuftoms of the people ibid
Monte Mayor, a city in Portugal 8
Monzaida, a Tunizian, meets with the Portuguefe at Calicut
61
Interprets Gama's letter to the Zamorin 79
Obliged to fly Calicut ibid.
Taken under the prote<5lion of Gama ibid.
Mozambique, its fituation 52
A defcription of the inhabitants, and their way of liv-
ing ibid,
N
NAmbeadar fuccceds Trimumpar i. 246
Is highly honoured by Almeid ibid.
Nanto, a city in China ii. 245
Narfmgua, the kingdom defcribed i. 240
Manners and cuftoms of the people 241
Naubedarim, the Zamorin's nephew, makes a fpeech to hi^.
uncle, endeavouring to diflliade him from war 144
At laft prevails on his uncle to make peace 169
Demands fatisfaf^ion for the violation of the treaty by
Correa ^ 1 70
Succeeds to the throne of Calicut ii. 119
Ninachst appointed Sabandar or Bendar of Malacca 77
Being ftript of this honour, he is greatly afteclcd 15^
His tragical cata/lrophe 156
Noradin, a magiftrate of high authority in Ormuz i. 326
Norhona attacks Zufalarim's fleet ii. 18
NorbQna
382 INDEX.
Norhona dies of a wound he received ii. ig
Norogna, Alvaro, made governor cfAzamor 258
Performs feveral exploits againft the Moors 272, 5fc.
Takes Umber, a town in Enxovia 276
Norogna, Antonio, fets out with a numerous body of land
and naval forces to build a fort on the river Ma-
mora 183
Is attacked by the enemy, who kill 4000 of his men
186
Nova, John de, fent with three fhips to India i. 121
His voyage continued 123
Engages the Calicutian fleet 125
Narrowly efcapes a villainous contrivance of the enemy
126
Sails for Portugal ibid,
Difcovers the ifland of St. Helena i//irJ,
o
ORders, religious, their rife and inftituticn i. 24
Their vows of celibacy taken off by his Holinefs,
at the intercciiion of his Portuguefe Majefty
25
Reile(5i:ions thereupon ihid,
Ormuz, a defcription of this ifland, and of the manners and
cuitoms of the inhabitants 316, 317, 318
The King fends deputies to Albuquerque, and fubmits
to Emmanuel 324
He violates the treaty with the Portuguefe 333
He fends an ambaflador to Emmanuel ii. 163
Is greatly opprefTed by Raix Hamed his minifter 169
His artifice to deftroy Mochris "• 330
A tumult raifed againft the Portuguefe, many of whom
are murdered 348
The King {Wrangled by the contrivance of Xeraff 353
p
Acheco, his anrwer to Trimumpar i. 180
His vigilance and aladuity 182
Attacks Repelin ' 184
Difpofition of his forces ibid.
Defends the fords of Paligmard and Palurt, with the ut-
moft flcill and intrepidity 19 J
More indances of his warlike fkill 197
Pachec >,
INDEX. 383
Pacheco, his contrivances againft the machines and turrets of
the enemy i. 203
Highly honoured at his return to Portugal by the King
and all the Portuguefe 220
Sent over to Africa governor of St. Georgia de Mina
221
Ends his days in poverty and obfcurity ibid.
Pages, perfons fo called, highly revered by the Brazilians
100
Paiva, Alphonfo, and John Petrelo, fent to enquire whether
there was a Chriftian prince iii India, commonly
called Prefter John ii. 146
Pandarene, the feat of the Zamorin i. 62
Pateonuz fails vi^ith a formidable fleet againft the Portuguefe
at Malacca ii. 10+
Is defeated after a blooly engagement 109
Patequitir made Bendar of Malacca 76
Commences hoflilities againll: the Portuguefe, but is ob-
liged to defift 77
He again attacks the Portuguefe, but being defeated, he
retires to Java 85
Pattaalin, Roderick Britto. appoiiitcd Governor of the fort
and city of Malacca 77
Has a difpute vi^ith Andrade about the command of the
fleet, and puts him in cuftody 105
Refigns the command again to Andrade, at the advice
of his officers 106
Pegu, its fituation 200
Its produce, and manners of the inhabitants ■ ?-99
Peftana, Francifco, makes an excurfion againft the Moors
i. 222
Plague in Lifbon i. 20, 23, 223. ii. 262
Ponda, a city near Goa ii. 236
Portuguefe, or Lufitanians, the original of thefe names
i. 3 & 4
Their rule in naming the places they difcovered 48
Fifty killed by the Arabians at Calicut 116
Strike a terror into the Moors by thtir intrepidity 175
A handful behave with amazing intrepidity at Cochin
i88
Thofe in the fort at Cananor reduced to the utmofl: ex-
tremity 267
The foldiery murmur againft A'meid 293
Are guilty of great cruelty at Dabul 3 44
Portuguefe,
384 I Kf D E X.
Portuouefe, fixty-five killed in a fcuffle with fome favages
near the Cape i. 367
Reduced to great extremity at Goa ii, 1 1
They make another attempt on Goa, and behave with
amazing intrepidity 27
They defeat Pateonuz's fleet, after a moft obftinate en-
gagement 107
Perform feveral exploits in Africa 143, 134. & 173,
I74> 175
Four thoufand killed near the river Mamora 186
By their diflention they become a prey to the enemy,
who kill many of them 2 1 1
Five of them perform an amazing and almoft incredible
exploit 301
Defeated at Dacuem 339
Sixty murdered at Ormuz 348
Printing formerly known by the Chinefe 247
Ptolemy, fome miftakes of his rectified 269
Pulatecam, makes an attempt on Goa ii. 9
Drives the Portuguefe from their ftations, and encamps
near the city 10
Makes another attempt, and lands with all his forces
64
His ftratagem to draw on the Portuguefe guards il^i^.
Obliged to take ihelter in an old building with eighty
Turks 65
Sallies out, and kills feveral of the Portuguefe 66
Is fufpeded of infidelity, and ordered to refign, but re-
fufes 6 7
Q.
QUadra, George, his fhip driven into the poit of Zeila,
where all the crew are taken prifoners i. 280
Travels through many different kingdoms ii. 306 & 307
Sept to i^Lthiopia by Emmanuel 30S
Enters into the Francifcan order 309
Queixom, an iiland belonging to the King of Ormuz i. 336
Quiloa, the city and ifiand defcribed * 107
The King about to enter into a treaty with the Portu-
guefe, but is difluaded by the Arabians loS
\
INDEX. 3*5
RAix Hamed, the King of Ormuz's minlfter, killed by
the Portuguefe ii. 172
Ravafco, Roderick Laurence, takes feveral fhips belonging
to Zanzibar i» .'7^
Takes four more at Mombaze 173
Ravello, his rafhnefs ii. 64.
Is killed 66
Refledions on the conduct of Emmanuel in regard to the
Jews i. 30
On the manners and cuftoms of the people of Brazil 105
On the unhappy fate of Almeid 366
On the Gondud of thofe who defert their native coun-
try, and become enemies to it ii. 266
Rhaman killed at Saffia i. 270
Rozalcam named to fucceed Pulatecam in the command ii. 67
His flratagem to gain his ends • 68
Befieges Goa with great vigour ihid.
Makes a fally from the tort of Benaftar and kills feveral
of the ailailants 87
Being reduced by famine, he is obliged to capitulate i^ic^*
S
SAca Melich ac^s with fubtilty ii. 3^9
Saffia, a feaport i. 269
The Portuguefe fort there befieged 277
The city reduced by the Portuguefe 278
Twice aflailed by thee Moors unfuccefsfully ii. 3>
Sagre, a town in Algarve i. 32
Saia, xAntonio, and twelve more Portuguefe, burnt to death
at Coulan 245
Saldanna, Antony de, his fleet fcattered 172
Scqueire, Diego, fent with four fhips to India 279
Arrives at Sumatra 3^7
Proceeds to Malacca 3^^
Makes a treaty with the King 373
Is informed of a plot formed againft his life by the King
373
Narrowly efcapes deflruflion a fecond time 374
Sequeire, Lopez, appointed viceroy of India ii. 255
Enters on his government 256
Sails for the Red fea 286
Touches at Erquico, a town belonging t9 the Emperor
of ^Ethiopia 287
C g Sequeire
38(^ INDEX.
Sequeire, Lopez, fails win a numerous fleet to attack Vtd
ii. 310
He drops this defign, and his foldiers murmur greatly on
this account 321
Is drawn into a war againd Mochris by an artifice of the
King of Ormuz 330
Takes Bahare ibid,
Siam, the fituation of this kingdom - 61
The King fends deputies to make a league with Albu-
querque ibid,
Soarez, Lope, arrives in India i, 208
His behaviour cenfured 209
AiTigns the reft of the commanders their ftations 210
Sails to Cranganor ibid.
Fires the city 21 r
Arrives again at Litbon 220
Socotora, a defcription thereof, and of the Chriftian inhabi-
tants 287
The fort and city taken by the Portuguefe 290
Sodre, Vincent, fent to India with five fhips 121
Ads very difhonourably in leaving Cochin 144.
Takes five Arabian fliips richly loaded 152'
Is ihipwrecked by his own obftinacy 15^
Sofala or Zofala 2454
Soiiticairos, birds fo called at the bay of Agua de fan Bias 49
Spain,, a rebellion raifed there ii. 311
Spaniards, thofe who vverit to the Moluccos endure great
hardfhips 27 1
Speech of an Arabian to the Zamorin againft the Portuguefe
Spy, one fent by Zabaio put to the rack by Gama 8f
St. Helena difcovered 126
A defcription thereof iHd,
Trees and fruits firft planted there by Fernando Lopez
ii. 88
St, Thomas, his body where faid to be buried i. i68
Proofs of his beincr killed in India 212
Sumatra, the Taprobana of the ancients 367 Sc 36S
Sunda, and the adjacent iflands defcribed ii. zoz
Sy Ivio, Bias, when furrounded by the Moors, is delivered by
Mafearegn IL 285
Taidii
INDEX. 387
T
TAuli, a town in Xiatim, the inhabitants annoy the Por-
tugucfe ii. 100
Tangier, befieged by the King of Fez, who is ihamefully re-
pulf'-d 102
Tcdneft, a city in the province of Hea, taken by the Portu-
guefe 1 3 1
Timoia perfwades Albuquerque to attack Goa 2
Takes the fort of Zintacora ibtcL
Tite, the inhabitants abandon the city to the Portuguefe ii. 1 25
Tobar, Sancius, his fhip loft i. 121
Togues, a religious fe£t among the Indians 118
Michael, one of them, embraces Chriflianity ibid.
Toledo, a difpute betwixt the citizens thereof and thofe of
Burgos 41
Town, a very ancient one in Cambaya where there were a
vaft number of funeral monuments 345
Trimumpar, King of Cochin, extremely faithful to the Por-
tuguefe 143
Reduced to the utmoft extremity on account of his fide-
lity 15 I
His fpeech to Pacheco \ 79
Refigns his crown, and retires to a temple 2^6
V
VAfconcelo, with ftme more officers fail for Malacca,
contrary to the orders of Albuquerque ii. 46
Purfued and taken, he is fent to Portugal in fetters ibid,
Vafconcelo, Diego Mendez, made Governor of Goa 66
Impofed upon by an artifice of Rozalcam 6S
Vafconcelo, Michael, has a defperate engagement with two
pirates 29 1
Vafco, GundlfTalvo, a Moorifh Chriftian and his fon put to
death by the moft cruel tortures 216
Waftman, Lewis, an Italian, a great traveller i. 255
Waits on Laurence Almeid 256
Veiga, a man of amazing intrepidity ii* 349
Veiga, Diego, his gallant behaviour -^ i* 223
Utematuraja, with his fon and fon-in-law, beheaded for trea-
fonable pradlices ii. 76
XEraf i^irs up the K. of Ormuz againft the Portuguefe ii.347
Attacks the Portuguefe fort 350
X-saves OrmuZ; and palTcs over to an oppofite ifland 352
Zabaio,
38^ I N D E X.
Z ^
ZAbaio, KingofGoa i. So
Zamorin, of a fickle difpofitlon 78
Sends out fome fTiips againft the Portuguefe 80
Difpatches two of his Naires to wait on Cabral 109
Gives audience to Cabral no
Is amazed at the bravery of the Portuguefe 112
Acts with great difTiniulation and inconftancy 135
Fits out thirty-four vcflels to furprize Gama ibid,
Marches with a numerous army againfl. Trimumpar 1 49
Takes Goa, and leaves a garrifon there 151
At lafl makes peace with the Portuguefe 169
He again equips a fleet againft the Portuguefe who had
violated the treaty 171
Advances with a formidable army of land and naval forces
to Cochin 186
Repulfed in his attempt on the ford of Cochin 195
Confults the Bramins 196
His great confidence in his turrets and wooden machines
203
Biifled in all his attempts, he refigns his crown, and re-
tires to a temple 206
Reproached by his mother on this account ibid,
Zanzib-jr, an idand 172
Zciam perfuadeg'Enimanuel that Azanaor could be eafily taken
Proves unfaithful 303
Zeila, a city on the Arabian coaft ii. 229
Plundered by the Portuguefe 230
Zeinal, an unfortunate prince, comes under the proteiStion
of the Portuguefe 50
Deferts foon after to the King of Malacca 52
Zufalarim reduces the Portuguefe at Goa to great extremity
238
Zufe, King of Sofala, is at firft very civil to the Portuguefe
i. 248
At the inftigation of the Arabians he commences hofti-
lities 249
Is killed 250
FINIS.
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