immi:
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ITHDRAWM
THE ROLL
OF THE
ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS
OF LONDON;
COMPRISING BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
OF ALL THE EMINENT PHYSICIANS, WHOSE NAMES AEE EECORDBD IN THE ANNALS,
FEOII THE FOUNDATION OF THE COLLEaB IN 1518 TO ITS REMOVAL
IN 1825, FROM WARWICK LANE TO PALL MALL EAST.
By WILLIAM MUNK, M.D., F.S.A.,
FELLOW OF THE COLLEGE, ETC., ETC., ETC.
SECOND EDITION, EEVISED AND ENLAEGED.
VOL. III., 1801 TO 1825.
LONDON:
PUBLISHED BY THE COLLEaE, PALL MALL EAST.
MDCCCLXXVIII. r SE£«^ ^
[^All Rights reserved."]
PRKERVATION
DATE.-;
173
1878
?
COO. 2^
^\Xj ^^ '-'- a y
nm 1 4
A
^^,
10575G/»
Harriton and Sons, Printers in Ordinary to Her Majesty, St. Martinis Lane.
CONTENTS OF VOL. III.
PAGE
PAGE
Aberdour, Alexander
6
Blegborough, Henry .
. 254
Adam, Walter .
. 179
Blegborough, Ralph .
. 28
Adams, Joseph .
. 76
Blundell, James
. 180
Addison, Thomas
. 205
Bone, Hugh
. 136
Ager, Joseph
. 97
Booth, John Kay
. 79
Allatt, Christopher John Robert 305
Boyton, Wm. Montgomery
. 203
Anderson, Robert
. 76
Bree, Robert .
. 49
Armstrong, John
. 216
Bree, Thomas
. 55
Amott, Neil
. 161
Bright, John
. 79
Ashburner, John
. 181
Bright, Richard .
. 155
Ayre, Joseph
. 285
Bromet, William
. 91
Brown, Joseph .
. 284
Back, William .
. . .129
Brown, Thomas .
. 89
Badeley, John Carr
. 300
Buchan, Alexander Peter
5
Badham, Charles
. 190
Burder, Thomas Harrison
. 269
Bain, Andrew .
. 116
Burgess, Ynyr .
. 282
Baker, William .
. 279
Burne, John
. 278
Bancks, Clement
. 130
Burnett, Sir William
. 307
Bancroft, Edward Nathaniel . 31
Burrows, George Man
. 290
Bankhead, Charles
. . 54
Buxton, Isaac .
. 24
Barham, Thos. Foster
. 243
Barker, Robert .
. 56
Calvert, John William
. 288
Barrow, William
. 160
Calvert, Robert .
. 38
Barry, Sir David
. 214
Campbell, Edward
. 55
Bartlett, James .
. 278
Carnegie, John .
. 166
Bateman, Thomas
. 19
Carpenter, Thomas Coulson
. 118
Batty, Robert .
. 19
Carter, Harry William
. 301
Beatty, Sir William
. 177
Castro, Miguel Caetano de .
. 135
Bellamy, Gheorge
. 113
Chambers, William Frederi
c . 196
Berger, John Francis
. 89
Chermside, Sir Robert Alexj
a,nder 231
Bernard, William Rhodes . .228
Chisholm, Robert
. 134
Billing, Archibald
. 203
Cholmeley, Henry James .
. 91
Birkbeck, George
. 59
Christie, Thomas
. 96
Black, Adam
. 94
Clark, Sir James
. 222
Black, James
. 277
Clark, Wnham .
. 143
Blackall, John .
. 138
Clarke, James .
. 52
IV
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Clements, Henry
116
Duncan, John . . . .
Cleverley, Samuel
141
Dunne, Thomas . . . .
Clough, James .
91
Dwyer, John George .
CloTes, Jeremiali Gladwin .
241
Clutterbuck, Henry .
14
Eden, Ealph . , . .
Cobb, Frederic .
265
Edgeworth, Henry
Conquest, John Tricker
204
Edwards, Eichard
Considen, Dennis
100
Elliotson, John . . . .
Cooke, John
. 53
Emerson, Alexander Lyon .
Cooper, Christopher .
68
English, Sir John Hawker .
Cope, Joseph
. 116
Erly, John . . . .
Copland, James .
218
Eyre, John . . . .
Coulthurst, Tempest .
58
Cowie, Matthew Brydie ..
106
Faber, Eichard . . . .
Cox, Thomas
295
Farre, John Eichard .
Cumming, George
105
Faulkner, Sir Arthur Brooke
Cunha, Joseph da
119
Fellowes, Sir James .
Currey, George Gilbert
26
Ferguson, Eobert
Curry, James
2
Filkin, Thomas . . . .
Fitton, WiUiam Henry
Dansey, Wilham
179
Foley, John . . . .
Darling, George
205
Forbes, Sir Charles Fergusson .
Daubeny, Charles G. B. .
254
Fothergill, Samuel
Daun, Eobert .
119
Framton, Heathfield T. .
Davies, David .
151
Franck, James . . . .
Davies, Henry .
279
Freake, John Edward
Davies, Thomas .
289
Furnivall, John James
Davis, David D.
117
Davis, John Bunnell .
95
Gairdner, WiUiam .
Davis, John Ford
67
Garnett, Thomas
Deane, WiUiam Godfrey .
29
Gasking, James . . . .
Dennison, Eichard Byam .
115
Gibbes, Sir George Smith .
Dent, George
90
Gibbs, John . . . .
Dick, Paris Thomas .
279
Goldie, George . . . .
Dickson, Sir David James H.
248
Golding, Benjamin .
Dimsdale, William Pitts .
6
Goldwyer, John
Dobson, Sir Eichard .
299
Gooch, Eobert . . . .
Domeier, WiUiam
88
Good, Jolm Mason .
Don, James
300
Gordon, James Alexander .
Donahoo, Thomas
130
Gordon, Theodore
Dowler, Thomas
300
Gordon, WUliam
Drever, Thomas
114
Granger, Frederic
CONTENTS.
V
PAGE
PAGE
G-ranville, Augustus Bozzi .
. 174
Jones, George Haines
. 265
Gray, Thomas .
. 69
Jones, James Cove
. 247
Gregory, George
. 152
Jones, Thomas .
. 92
Grey, Sir Thomas
. 114
Keddle, Samuel Shering
. 281
Hall, George .
. 275
Kenny, Matthias
. 195
Halliday, Sir Andrew
. 211
Kerrison, Eobert Masters .
. 229
Hancock, Thomas
. 78
Kettle, William .
. 173
Hannath, John .
. 309
Kidd, John
. 178
Hardy, Charles Henry
. 195
King, Wiliiam .
. 226
Harington, Henry
. 299
Knighton, Sir Wilham
. 39
Harrison, Eichard
• 120
Hart, Henry
. 280
Laffan, Sir Joseph de Courcy . 70
Haslam, John .
. 282
Laird, James
. 32
Haviland, John .
. 183
Lambe, William
. 17
Hawkins, Francis
. 286
Lambert, Edmund
. 284
Hawkins, Francis Bisset .
. 303
Lampert, John Frederic
. 46
Haworth, James
. 11
Latham, Peter Mere .
. 185
Henderson, Alexander
. 69
Lawlor, Alexander
. 77
Herdman, John
. 33
Leath, John Gogill
. 229
Heywood, Walter Charles .
. 64
Lee, Henry
. 194
Hewett, CornwalHs .
. 280
Lee, Eobert
. 266
Hinds, John
. 88
Lefevre, Sir George .
. 246
Holland, Sir Henry .
. 144
Leon, Hananel de
. 244
Home, Francis .
4
Lewis, David
. 214
Hooper, Eobert .
. 29
Ley, Hugh
. 192
Hopkinson, Wilham Land(
m . 285
Lidderdale, Halliday .
2
Hue, Clement .
65
Littlehales, Charles .
. 97
Hull, John
. 195
Lloyd, Eobert .
. 193
Hume, John Eobert .
. 212
Lockyer, Edmund
. 74
Hume, Thomas .
. 63
Locock, Sir Charles .
. 270
Hurlock, Joseph
. 192
Luard, Peter Francis .
. 247
Irvine, William .
. 37
Luke, Stephen .
. 131
Irving, Samuel .
. 29
Macarthur, Duncan .
. 180
James, John Boote .
. 299
Maccullock, John
. 66
Jameson, Thomas
4
Mackenzie, Charles .
89
Johnson, James .
. 238
Mackenzie, John McDowa
11 . 115
Johnson, James Proud
. 128
Mackenzie, Patrick
. 89
Johnson, John Noble
. 136
Mackintosh, Eichard Dun
can . 43
Johnstone, John
. 22
Mackinnon, Donald .
. 92
Jones, Edwin Godden
. 70
Macleod, John .
78
VI
CONTENTS.
Maoleod, Roderick
Mftcmichael, William
Magrath, Sir George .
Mason, William .
MatOD, William George
Matthews, John Berggreen
Mayo, Thomas .
McDonnell, James
McDougle, James
McGrigor, Sir James .
McGuffog, Samuel
McMullin, John
McWhirter, Thomas .
Meryon, Charles Lewis
Miller, Patrick .
MiUigan, William
Mitchell, Joseph
Mogg, Charles .
Monro, Edward Thomas
Moore, Thomas .
Moore, William .
Morewood, Geoi^e Alexander
Morgan, Sir Thomas Charles
Morison, Sir Alexander
Morton, Edward
Murray, Thomas Archibald
Muttlebury, James .
Neale, Adam
Nevinson, Charles Dalston .
NichoU, Whitlock .
Northen, Francis Hicken .
Kuttall, George Bicketts
Ogilry, George John .
Ogle, James Adey
O'Ryan, John
Outram, Sir Benjamin Fonseca
OTorend, John .
Pant9n, George Bryiin
Pans, John A jrton
PAOB
243
182
254
90
6
283
200
309
61
309
129
62
88
234
52
300
144
222
153
169
153
39
93
61
305
1
234
37
36
149
96
168
55
245
45
90
306
285
120
Park, John Ranicar .
Parry, Charles Henry
Pennell, Richard Lewin
Pett, Samuel
Philip, Alexander Phihp Wilson
Pierce, Benjamin Cruttall .
Plenderleath, David .
Plenderleath, John .
Price, Charles
Prout, WilUam .
Rainier, Peter .
Ramadge, Francis Hopkins
Reeder, Henry .
Rees, George
Reeve, Henry
Reid, John
Richardson, Robert .
Ridge way, Thomas Hughes
Roberts, Charles Julius
Roberton, James
Robinson, Benjamin .
Robinson, Robt. Robinson Watson
Robinson, John .
Roches, John James de
Roe, George Hamilton
Roget, Peter Mark
Romero, Francisco
Ronalds, Henry .
Roots, Henry Shuckburgh .
Roupell, George Leith
Rucco, Julius
Ryan, John O' .
Sainsbury, William .
Salemi, Henry .
Sanctis, Bartholomew de .
Satterley, Richard Patrick .
Sayer, Augustin .
Scott, Helen us .
Scott, John . . .
Scudamore, Sir Charles
PAGE
202
45
264
29
227
179
134
79
25
109
64
263
281
62
46
14
134
283
245
89
172
52
49
35
275
71
143
232
193
293
254
45
127
136
151
30
229
142
200
127
CONTENTS.
Vll
PAGE
PAGE
Seymour, Edward James .
. 277
Turner, Thomas
. 26
Shaw, James
. 24
Tuthill, Sir Q-eorge Leman
. 171
Shearman, William .
. 62
Tweedie, Alexander .
. 252
Sherwen, John .
5
Silver, William .
. 144
Uwins, David
. 56
Simmons, Richard
. 94
Sims, Courthope
. 302
Veitch, James
. 251
Sims, John
. 196
Yetch, John
. 231
Skey, Joseph
. 13
Smith, Ashby .
. 230
Walker, John .
. 106
Smith, Henry
. 143
Walshman, Thomas .
. 56
Smith, Robert .
. 166
Warburton, John
. 242
Smith, Thomas .
. 92
Waring, Richard
. 283
Smith, Thomas Southwood
. 235
Warren, Pelham
. 41
Snow, Henry T. .
. 63
Watson, John Waldron
. 306
SomerviUe, Henry
. 265
Watson, Sir Thomas .
. 291
SomerviUe, James Craig
. 306
Weatherhead, George Hume
. 213
Somerville, William .
. 168
Webster, John .
. 233
Southey, Henry Herbert
. .272
Wharrie, John Huntington
. 193
Spnrgin, John .
. 264
Whiting, John .
. 294
Spurzheim, John Q-aspar
. 166
Whittell, Charles
. 69
Stewart, Leonard
. 305
Whitter, Tristram
. 65
Stock, John Edmonds
. 12
Whymper, Sir Will in m
. 301
Stroud, William
. 308
Wightman, Charles .
. 109
Sutherland, Alexander Roh
ert . 68
Wilhams, Robert
. 173
WilliRms, Wilham Henry .
. 169
Tattersall, James
. 117
WiUis, Francis .
. 242
Thomas, Charles
. 275
Wilson, James Arthur
. 302
Thomson, John Garth shor(
3 . 230
Wilson, John
. 281
Thomson, Thomas
. 169
Winthrop, Stephen .
. 114
Thornton, Robert John
. 98
Wright, Warner
51
Tice, Charles
. 13
Tierney, Sir Matthew John
I . 44
Yeats, Grant David .
. 137
Tomkins, Robert Burgoyne
. 76
Yonge, James .
. 263
Towsey, Wilham
. 194
Young, Thomas .
. 80
APPE
NDIX.
A Short Account of the Co
liege . 317
Treasurers of the College .
. 343
The Statutes of the CoUegt
J . 337
Registrars of the College .
. 346
Presidents of the College
. 339
The Annals of the College .
. 348
VIU
Lectures and Lecturers
Auatomy Lectures
Lumlciau Lectures
OulstODian Lectures .
Croouian Lectures
Uoneian Orations and Orators . 360
CONTENTS.
PAGE
PAGE
. 350
The Library . . . .
364
. 350
The Pharmacopoeias of the Col-
. 352
lege of Physicians of London .
371
. 354
A List of the Portraits, Paint-
. 359
ings, Busts, Statuettes, &c., in
the College
392
ROLL
OF THE
ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS
OF LONDON.
Thomas Archibald Murray, M.D., was born in
Norwich, and was the son of Dr. John Murray, one of
the leading physicians in that city. After a good pre-
liminary education at the grammar school of North
Walsham, he commenced the study of medicine at the
Norfolk and Norwich hospital, under the direction of
his father, who was one of the physicians to that institu-
tion. He then passed three years at Edinburgh, where
he graduated doctor of medicine 4th June, 1796 (D.M.L
de Phsenomenis et Natura Morbi ex Submersione ori-
undi). The ensuing winter he spent in London, attend-
ing the hospitals, and more particularly the practice of
Dr. Willan at the Public dispensary. In July, 1797,
he commenced business at Norwich, but in January,
1800, on the recommendation of Dr. Willan and some
other friends, removed to London, and was forthwith
elected physician to the Public dispensary. Dr. Murray
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
5th June, 1801. "This active, intelligent, and pro-
mising physician, through whose exertions, aided by the
Society for bettering the Condition of the Poor, the
London Fever Hospital was established, and to which
he was nominated physician, was unfortunately cut oft
by fever, caught from the first patients admitted into
the institution." Dr. Murray died at his house in Gre-
VOL. III. B
1
2 JEIOLL OF THE [I8OI
ville-street, Hatton-gardeu, the 16tli March, 1802. He
was the author of —
Remarks on the Situation of the Poor in the Metropolis as con-
tributing to the progress of Contagious Disease : with a Plan for
the Institution of Houses of Recovery for Persons affected with
Fever. 8vo. Lond. 1801.
Halliday Lidderdale, M.D., was born in the county
of Galloway, N.B., and received his medical education
at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of medicine
12th September, 1800 (D.MI. de Morbis Literatorum).
He settled in London, and was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 5th June, 1801. Dr. Lidder-
dale was chiefly occupied as an obstetric practitioner.
He was physician to the City of London Lying-in hos-
pital, and he died in Blandford-square 20th December,
1845.
James Curry, M.D., was born in the town of Antrim,
and graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh 13th
September, 1784 (D.M.I. de Humorum in Morbis Con-
tagiosis Assimilatione). On completing his medical edu-
cation he obtained the appointment of surgeon to an
East Indiaman, with the design of practising in Bengal,
but the state of his health prevented his doing so, and
returning to England he settled at Northampton, whei'e
he remained for some years, and held the office of phy-
sician to the County hospital. Kemoving to London,
he was, on the 25th June, 1801, admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians, and on the 10th March,
1802, was appointed physician to Guy's hospital. Dr.
Curry is remembered as a shrewd and observant phy-
sician. He insisted on the importance of attention to
local disorders, as well of function as of structure, and
especially to those of the abdominal organs, and his
precepts and example led the way to that freer employ-
ment of mercurial remedies which characterised English
. medical practice in the first half of the nineteenth cen-
tury. Dr. Curry's portrait by Simonam was engraved
1801 J ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 3
by Mills. He died 26tli November, 1819, and was the
author of —
Observ^ations on Apparent Death from Drowning and Suffocation :
with, an Account of the Means to be employed for Recovery. 8vo.
Lond. 1793.
Examination of the Prejudices commonly entertained against
Mercury, as beneficially applicable to the greater number of Liver
Complaints, arid to various other forms of Disease, as well as to
Syphilis. 8vo. Lond. 1809.
A Brief Sketch of the Causes which give rise to the High Price
of Grrain. 8vo. Lond. 1815.
Thomas Garnett, M.D., was born in 1766 at Caster-
ton, in the county of Westmoreland, and was educated
at Sedberg under Mr. Dawson, a proficient in mathe-
matics, after which he proceeded to Edinburgh, where
he was a diligent pupil of Dr. Brown, the author of the
Brunonian system, and graduated doctor of medicine
12th September, 1788 (D.M.I, de Visu). Dr. Garnett
commenced his medical career at Bradford, co. York,
where he delivered lectures on chemistry and natural
philosophy, but his success as a physician not proving
equal to his expectations, he removed first to Knares-
borough, and afterwards to Harrogate. In 1795 he
proceeded to Liverpool with the intention of emigrating
to America. While waiting for his passage he delivered
some lectures there, which met with so much approba-
tion that he relinquished his design of emigrating, and
in the following year was appointed professor of che-
mistry in the Andersonian Institution, Glasgow. On
the establishment of the Royal Institution in 1800,
Dr. Garnett was invited to deliver lectures there. This
brought him to London, and for two seasons he read
lectures to numerous and applauding audiences. Dr.
Garnett was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 22nd December, 1801, but did not long sur-
vive, dying 28th June, 1802, at the early age of thirty-
six. His portrait by T. Phillips was engraved by S.
Phillips. We have from his pen —
Experiments on the Horley Green Spa, near Halifax. 8vo. Brad-
ford. 1790.
B 2
4 ROLL OF THE [1802
Experiments and Observations on the Crescent Water of Harro-
gate. 8vo. Leeds. 1791.
Outlines of a Course of Lectures on Chemistry. 8vo. LiverpooL
1797.
A Lecture on the Preservation of Health. 8vo. Liverpool. 1797.
A. Treatise on the Mineral Waters of Harrogate. 8vo. Leeds.
1799.
Observations in a Tour through the Highlands and part of the
Western Isles of Scotland. 2 vols. 4to. Lond. 1800.
Popular Lectures on the Zoonomia ; or the Laws of Animal Life
in Health and Disease. 4to. Lond. 1804. This was a posthumous
publication for the benefit of his orphan daughters.
Francis Home, M.D., was a younger son of Dr.
Francis Home, a distinguislied ornament of the medical
faculty in the university of Edinburgh, and the author
of an elegant and useful work, the "Principia Medicinse."
He went through the usual curriculum of arts in the
college of Edinburgh, and then applied himself to the
study of physic. He graduated doctor of medicine at
Edinburgh 24th June, 1800 (D.M.I, de Phthisi), and
with the view of joining the army in a medical capacity
presented himself for examination at the College of
Physicians, London, and was admitted a Licentiate 22nd
December, 1801. Almost immediately after this his
views of a profession underwent a change. Adhering to
the idea of a military life, he relinquished the profession
of physic, and joined a regiment of the Guards as an
officer. He served with distinguished gallantry from
the battle of Fuentes d'Onor to the termination of the
war at Waterloo.
Thomas Jameson, M.D., a native of Scotland, edu-
cated at Edinburgh, but a doctor of medicine of Aber-
deen of 15th January, 1791, was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 12th April, 1802. He
settled at Cheltenham, and practised there for many
years with distinguished success. He was the author
of — •
A Treatise on the Cheltenham Waters and Bilious Diseases. 8vo .
Lond. 1804.
Essay on the Changes of the Human Body at its different Ages
1802] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 5
the Diseases of each Period, and the Principles of Longevity. 8vo.
Lond. 1811.
A Refutation of a Letter from Dr. Adam Neale to a Professor of
Medicine of the University of Edinburgh, with a Statement of
Ulterior Proceedings to quiet the minds of the Public respecting
Cheltenham Waters. 8vo. Cheltenham. 1820.
Alexander Peter Buchan, M.D., was born in 1764
at Sheffield, where his father, Dr. William Buchan, the
author of '' The Domestic Medicine/' was then prac-
tising. He received his preliminary education at the
High school of Edinburgh, whence he was transferred
to the university where he completed his classical and
commenced his medical studies. Removing, after a
time, to London, he attended the lectures of William
and John Hunter, and of Dr. George Fordyce, and com-
pleted his professional curriculum at Ley den, where he
graduated doctor of medicine 11th July, 1793 (D.M.I.
de Phthisi Pulmonali). Dr. Buchan was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 12th April,
1802. He was appointed physician to the Westminster
hospital in 1813, resigned that office in 1818, but was
re-elected in 1820, and died at his house in Percy-
street 5th December, 1824, aged 61, and was buried in
the west cloister of Westminster abbey. Dr. Buchan
published a translation of Daubenton's " Observations
on Indigestion and the Efficacy of Ipecacuanha in
removing it." 8vo. Lond. 1807. He edited Dr. Arm-
strong's " Account of the Diseases of Children." 12mo.
Lond. 1808, and was the author of —
Enchiridion Syphiliticum, or Directions for the Conduct of Vene-
real Complaints. 12mo. Lond. 1797.
A Treatise on Sea Bathing, with remarks on the Use of the
Warm Bath. 8vo. Lond. 1801.
Bionomia, or Opinions concerning Life and Health, introductory
to a Course of Lectures on the Physiolog'Y of Sentient Beings. 8vo.
Lond. 181L ^
Venus sine Concubitu. 12mo. Lond. 1818.
Symptomatology, or the Art of Detecting Disease. 12mqi Lond.
1824.
John Sherwen, M.D., was bred a surgeon, and was
6 ROLL OF THE [1802
for some years in the service of the East India company,
on leaving which he graduated doctor of medicine, but
in what university is not stated in the Annals. He was
admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 4th May, 1802, and practised at Bath. He was
a person of extensive and varied attainments, devoted
to literature, and was a frequent contributor to the
Gentleman's Magazine. He was the author of—
Cursory Remarks on the Nature and Cause of the Marine Scurvy.
8vo. 1799.
Introduction to an Examination of the internal evidence respect-
ing the authenticity of certain publications said to have been found
in M.S. at Bristol. 8vo. 1809.
Alexander Aberdour^ M.D., a native of Edinburgh
and a doctor of medicine of St. Andrews of 3rd Decem-
ber, 1796, was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 25th June, 1802.
William Pitts Dimsdale, M.D., was born at Hert-
ford and educated at Edinburgh, where he graduated
doctor of medicine 24th June, 1799 (D.M.I, de Phthid).
He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 25th June, 1802.
William George Maton, M.D., was the eldest son
of Mr. George Maton, a wine merchant at Salisbury, and
was born in that city the 81st January, 1774. His
elementary education was obtained at the Free gram-
mar school of Salisbury, and in July, 1790, he was
admitted a commoner of Queen's college, Oxford, as a
member of which house he proceeded A.B. 30th April,
1794. He was then intended for the church, but with
the concurrence of his father, diverted to physic, pro-
ceeded A.M. 20th January, 1797, and in the ensuing
spring commenced his medical studies by entering at
the Westmiijster hospital and to several of the lecturers
in Lofidon. He graduated M.B. at Oxford 11th July,
1798, M.D. 15th April, 1801, was admitted a Candi-
date of the College of Physicians 30th September, 1801,
1802] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 7
and a Fellow 30tli September, 1802. He was Censor
in 1804, 1813, 1824. Gulstonian lecturer 1803; Trea-
surer from 4tli April, 1814 to 1820; Harveian orator
1815, and Elect 30th May, 1828. He was elected
physician to the Westminster hospital in 1800, and re-
tained that office until 1808, when his private engage-
ments had become so numerous that he was compelled
to relinquish it.
The first few years of Dr. Maton's practice were all
but unproductive, and he adopted a system, then not
imusual with young metropolitan physicians, that of
residing at some popular watering place during the
season. Weymouth was selected. Dr. Maton was fond
of botany, in the knowledge ofwjiich he had been early
initiated by his friend. Dr. Pulteney, of Blandford. At
Weymouth he had ample leisure to pursue his botanical
researches, and his rambles in the neighbourhood at-
tracted general notice. The king and queen were pass-
ing the season at Gloucester lodge, and one of the prin-
cesses amused herself with botany. A plant not uncom-
mon in that neighbourhood, the arundo epigejos, but
unknown to the royal student, was brought to her royal
highness, and Dr. Maton, who at the time was strolling
with a friend along the esplanade, being mentioned as a
person likely to solve the difficulty, was fetched by an
equerry and brought by him into the presence of the
queen. This introduction to the royal family gave him a
name and character at Weymouth highly advantageous
to his professional views ; and the manner in which
George the Third subsequently mentioned his talents
secured for him the confidence of many courtly invalids
who required medical aid, and led in 1 8 1 6 to his appoint-
ment as physician extraordinary to the queen. When
the duke of Kent was attacked with serious illness at
Sidmouth in 1820, Dr. Maton was selected to visit his
royal highness; and although his efforts failed in saving
the life of the duke, his zeal and attention were duly
appreciated, and the duchess of Kent without any solici-
tation on his part appointed him physician in ordinary
8 ROLL OF THE [1802
to herself and to her royal infant, the princess Victoria.
On the death of Dr. Baillie in 1823, he succeeded to
much of the practice of that eminent physician, and
thenceforward to his own death in 1835 shared with
Sir Henry Halford the best business of the town. The
latter fifteen years of Dr. Maton's life, brought such a
pressure of professional labour upon him, that it became
necessary he should devote many weeks of each autumn
to relaxation, and a total abstraction from business.
About a year before his death he had become the owner
of Redlynch house, near Downton, in Wiltshire, where
he spent some time during the autumn. But his health
was even then faihng, and he died at his house in
Spring-gardens on the 30th March, 1835. He was
buried at St. Martin's-in-the-Fields. A monument with
the following inscription was soon afterwards erected to
his memory in Salisbury cathedral : —
Sacred to the Memory of
William Geoege Maton,
a native of this City.
One of the most eminent physicians of his time in London,
educated at Queen's College, Oxford,
he became Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians,
and was honoured with high medical appointments
by his Sovereign and by other branches of the royal family.
Distinguished by extensive knowledge
in philosophy, natural history, and British antiquities,
by his various talents,
his private worth,
his mild and unassuming manners,
he acquired the respect and esteem of every rank in society.
To his kindred he was affectionate and generous ;
to his inferiors uniformly kind and considerate ;
in his friendship sincere, warm, and constant ;
in his charity liberal, without ostentation ;
in religion a real as well as a nominal Christian.
He was born 31st January, 1774.
Died 30th March, 1835.
Buried at the church of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, London.
" In private life," writes Dr. Paris, from whose ele-
gant memoir of Dr. Maton* I have condensed this no-
• A Biographical Sketch of the late W. G. Maton, M.D., Lond.
1838.
1802] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 9
tice, " no man in liis intercourse with society was more
agreeable in his manners or more sincere and steady in
his friendships ; no one more charitable and benevolent
in his disposition ; his notion of honour was refined to
the extent of chivalry ; his affection for his relative and
kindred was unbounded, and his generosity towards
them was only exceeded by the high sense of integrity
which occasionally led him to exercise it. Nor should
I do his memory full justice were I to pass unnoticed a
noble act of beneficence, alike uncommon in the extent
of the sacrifice it demanded and in the circumstances
which induced it. On the death of his father in 1816,
the latter years of whose life had been embittered by
protracted bodily sufferings, which had the effect of
throwing all his accounts into confusion and arrear, a
large unexplained balance was found due from his estate,
after applying all his available assets. Dr. Maton's re-
solution was immediately formed. He prevailed upon
every creditor to accept his debt by instalments ; and
in order that he might faithfully redeem the pledge he
had given to them, he annually set apart such a portion
of his income as he could spare, after defraying the ex-
penses which were essential to his professional station
and appearance. At Jength he achieved his noble object :
he liquidated the debts of his father, and he provided
for those who were dependent upon him ; but it was
through long toil, anxiety, and a secret depression that
weighed on his sensitive miod that he accomplished it.
I am informed that a sum exceeding 20,000/. was for
these purposes expended during his life. It would have
been strange had not the citizens of his native place
justly and gratefully appreciated so noble an act of
honourable disinterestedness, and they recorded their
sense of his character by a civic memorial. The mayor
and corporation presented him with the freedom of the
city in a splendid gold box, bearing the following in-
scription : —
The Mayor
and Commonality of New Sarum
10 ROLL OF THE [1802
to
William Geoege Maton, M.D.,
r.R.S., -F.A.S., F.L.S,
with the freedom of his native city ;
to mark their esteem for his talents and character.
1827."
In concluding his memoir of Dr. Maton, Dr. Paris
adds : '* No one more anxiously desired to divest his
profession of every selfish and sordid consideration. He
had early enlisted himself under the banner of truth,
and sooner would he have forfeited every chance of pro-
motion than have rested his hopes of success on an un-
holy alliance with the spirit of delusion. It is true that
he treated the prejudices of his patients with indulgence
and regard, but his professional advancement was never
marked by a mean submission or a servile attention to
their wishes, nor by an abject homage to their rank or
opulence. He won their confidence by a distinguishing
sagacity and a prompt judgment, manifested in a manner
at once decisive, but unaflPectedly courteous and en-
gaging. He maintained this advantage by the success
of his treatment and by the warm and active diligence
with which he directed it."
Dr. Maton was an ardent and accomplished botanist,
an active fellow and for a long series of years vice-
president of the Linnsean Society, and a frequent con-
tributor to its Transactions. By various members of
the Linnaean Society and others has the name of Maton
been associated with objects of natural history. To
antiquarian researches Dr. Maton also devoted some of
his time, and contributed largely to the Salisbury Guide
and to Hutch ins's excellent History of Dorset. He was
a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and was repeat-
edly elected into the council. He was also a fellow of
the Royal Society, and his name appears on the certi-
ficate as one of tliose who proposed Sir Humphrey
Davy for that honour. Besides his contributions to the
Archaeologia, the Philosophical Transactions, and other
scientific publications, Dr. Maton was the author of —
Observations relative chiefly to the Natural History, picturesque
1803] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 11
Scenery and Antiquities of the Western Counties of England.
2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1797.
Pulteney's View of the Writings of Linneeus, with the Life of
the Author. 4to. Lond. 1805.
Dr. Maton s portrait is in the college.
James Haworth, M.D., was born in Lancashire, and
descended from a family of long standing in that county.
After a sound scholastic education, he was entered at
Brasenose college, Oxford, and proceeded A.B. 14th
June, 1786, A.M. 12th June, 1789. In 1791 he was
elected a Radcliffe travelling fellow, when he removed
to University college, and as a member of that house
graduated M.B. 17th December, 1791, M.D. 21st June,
1793. In accordance with the terms of his fellowship,
Dr. Haworth spent some years upon the continent of
Europe, and even extended his travels to America,
being the first Badcliffe fellow who visited the New
World. Beturning to England, Dr. Haworth settled
in London, was admitted a Candidate of the College of
Physicians 12th April, 1802, and a Fellow 4th April,
1803. He was Censor in 1804, 1814, Croonian lec-
turer in 1813, and Harveian orator in 1816. He was
elected physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital 6th
August, 1802 ; and retained that office until his death,
which occurred at his house in Bed Lion -square 2nd May,
1823.
James Franck, M.D.,born in London, was educated
at Pembroke college, Cambridge, as a member of which
he proceeded M.B. 1792, M.D. 1802. He was admitted
a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th Septem-
ber, 1802, and a Fellow 30th September, 1803. He
was Gulstonian lecturer in 1804, and Censor in 1805.
Dr. Franck was an army physician, and died at his house
in Hertford-street, Mayfair, 27th January, 1843, being
then an inspector-general of hospitals.
BiCHARD Edwards, M.D., was born in Cornwall, and
was the third son of Mr. John Edwards, for many years
12 ROLL OF THE [1803
the managing partner of the Cornish Copper company.
He was educated at Pembroke college, Oxford, and
graduated B.C.L. 15th April, 1795 ; but then changing
his Hne, proceeded A.B. 10th March, 1801 ; A.M. 19th
June, 1801; M.B. 13th May, 1802; and M.D. 14th
May, 1802. He was admitted a Candidate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 30th September, 1802, a Fellow 30th
September, 1803, and was Censor in 1805. Dr. Ed-
wards was an accomplished chemist, and for a time was
lecturer on that science at St. Bartholomew's hospital.
He returned to his native county about the year 1808,
and from that time to his death resided at Falmouth.
He died on the 12th September, 1827. Dr. Edwards
"united great natural talents and the most varied
acquirements. He excelled as a chemist and practical
mechanic. His habits were active, industrious, and
benevolent ; his manners mild and unassuming, and in
private Hfe there was a playfulness in his demeanour
which endeared him to all his associates."""*
John Edmonds Stock, M.D., was for some time at
Exeter college, Oxford, but having conscientious
scruples as to subscription, he left the university with-
out taking any degree. He obtained a degree of doctor
of medicine, but from what university I have not been
able to discover, and was admitted an Extra-Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 5th December, 1803. He
practised at Bristol, where his secession in 1816 from
the unitarians, with whom he had alHed himself, occa-
sioned a great sensation, and led to a correspondence
which was made public at the time. Dr. Stock died at
the house of his brother-in-law at Tewkesbury, in Oc-
tober, 1835, aged sixty-one. He was the author of—
Medical Collections on the Effects of Cold as a remedy in certain
Diseases. 8vo. Lond. 1805.
Memoirs of tlie Life of Thomas Beddoes, M.D., with an analyti-
cal account of his writings. 4to. Lond. 1811.
* Gent. Mag., vol. xcvii, pt. 2, p. 471.
1804] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 13
Joseph Skey, M.D., a native of Worcestershire, and
a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 25th June, 1798
(D.M.I. de Materie Sanguinis Combustibili), was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 22nd
December, 1803. He died at Baker-street, Portman-
square, 18tli September, 1866, aged 93, being physician
to the forces and inspector-general of army hospitals.
Charles Tice, M.D., a native of London, and a
doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 12th September,
1802 (D.M.I. de Dysenteria), was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 22nd December, 1803.
Sm George Smith Gibbes, M.D., was born in 1771,
and was the son of the Rev. George Gibbes, D.D., rec-
tor of Woodborough, co. Wilts. He received his scho-
lastic education at Southampton, under the Eev. Dr.
Mant, father of the well-known bishop of that name.
When sixteen years of age he was entered a commoner
of Exeter college, Oxford, and as a member of that
house graduated A.B. 17th February, 1792. Elected
to a fellowship at Magdalen college he removed thither,
and proceeded A.M. 21st May, 1795 ; M.B. 6th April,
1796; M.D. 11th April, 1799. He was admitted a
Candidate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1803,
a Fellow 25th June, 1804, and was Harveian orator in
1817. He settled at Bath, where he practised with
distinguished reputation and success for a long series of
years. In 1804 he was elected physician to the Bath
General liospital ; in 1819 was appointed physician
extraordinary to queen Charlotte, and in 1820 received
the honour of knighthood. He was in the commission
of the peace for the county of Somerset. About 1835
Sir George Gibbes retired from the active exercise of his
profession and removed to Cheltenham, whence he
withdrew to Sidmouth, and died there on the 23rd
June, 1851, aged 80. He was buried in the family
vault at Woodborough, and is commemorated by a
mural tablet in the church of All Saints, Sidmouth, of
14 ROLL OF THE [1804
which his son the Rev. Heneage Gibbes'" is the present
incumbent. Sir George was a fellow of the Royal and
of several other scientific and literary societies, foreign
and domestic, and contributed several papers to their
transactions : he was the author of —
Observations on the Component parts of Animal Matters, and on
their Conversion into a substance resembling Spermaceti. 8vo.
1796.
A Treatise on the Bath Waters. 8vo. Bath, 1800.
Outlines of a New Theory of Medicine. 8vo. Bath, 1815.
John Reid, M.D., was born at Leicester, and re-
ceived the early part of his general education under
the Rev. Mr. "Holland, of Bolton, co. Lancaster, after
which he spent five years at the Dissenters' college at
Hackney. Applying himself then to medicine, and acting
on the advice of his friend, Dr. Pulteney of Blandford,
he proceeded to Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor
of medicine 12th September, 1798 (D.M.L de Mania).
He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 25th June, 1804, and died at his house in Gren-
ville-street, Brunswick-square, on the 2nd July, 1822.
We have from his pen —
An Account of the Savage Youth of Avignon. Translated from
the French. 12mo. Lond. 1801.
A Treatise on the Origin, Progress, and Treatment of Consump-
tipn. 8vo. Lond. 1806.
Essays on Hypochondriasis and other Nervous Affections. 8vo.
Lond. 1821.
Henry Clutterbuck, M.D., was born in 1770 at
Marazion, co. Cornwall, and was the fourth son of a
solicitor in extensive business in that town. He com-
menced the study of medicine by an apprenticeship to
Mr. Kempe, a surgeon, at Truro, and at the age of
twenty-one, came to London, when he entered to the
united borough hospitals, and to the lectures of Dr.
• This exemplary clergyman was bred to physic, proceeded M.B.
at Cambridge in 1826, as a member of Downing college, and was
admitted an Inceptor-Candidate of the College of Physicians 25th
June, 1830. Devoting himself to the church, he received ordina-
tion, and in 1841 withdrew his name from the Colleore list.
1804J ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 15
George Fordyce, Dr. Saunders, the elder Mr. Cline, and
Dr. Andrew Marsliall. In due course he became a mem-
ber of the corporation of Surgeons, and then settled as
a general practitioner in the city. Shortly after this,
he commenced the publication of " The Medical and
Chirurgical Review/' a journal that appeared twice each
month ; of which he was the projector, editor, and al-
most sole writer, and which he continued for a period
of fifteen years, until 1807, when it was discontinued.
Determining to quahfy himself as a physician, he relin-
quished his general practice, and in 1802 proceeded to
Edinburgh for one year, but then transferred himself
to Glasgow, where he graduated doctor of medicine 16th
April, 1804 (D.M.I, quaedam de sede et natura Febris
complectens). Returning to the metropolis, he esta-
blished himself in St. Paul's churchyard, and on the
1st October, 1804, was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians. He was elected physician to
the General dispensary in 1807, and about that time
began to lecture on materia medica and the practice
of physic. His lectures are said to have been like his
writings, plain, forcible, and unadorned ; full of practical
facts, and with an entire absence of speculation. He
delivered three courses on each subject in the year, and
commanded a numerous class. His receipts, from this
source alone, are said in one year to have exceeded one
thousand pounds. In 1809, he sent to the press his
" Inquiry into the Seat and Nature of Fever," a work
which attracted immediate attention, and established
the character of its author as an original thinker, and
one of the most energetic practitioners of his time.
From this period. Dr. Clutterbuck's reputation and
business steadily increased, and he soon took a position
among the first physicians in the city. For more than
fifty years he was a regular attendant at the meetings
of the Medical Society of London, where he was known
as a most effective speaker. " He might be considered
the model of a debater on medical subjects ; never for
a moment carried away into statements which he could
16 ROLL OF THE [1804
not substantiate, and always preserving the full com-
mand of his temper, he spoke with a deliberation and
with a clearness which have been seldom excelled.
The style of his address was rather cautious than ener-
getic, and he was perfect in the choice of his language.
Indeed it would be difficult to conceive a more finished
composition of words than fell from the deliberate lips
of Dr. Clutterbuck in a debate. He was so easy to
follow and so clear in his statements that there was no
possibility of misunderstanding him, and the shorthand
writer who had to take his speech would, if he took it
correctly, have no faults in style or composition to cor-
rect."'" Dr. Clutterbuck continued in the active duties
of his profession to the last. He had attended the
anniversary meeting of the Medical Society of London,
8th March, 1856. Having heard the oration at Willis's
rooms, he left to walk home, and in crossing a street
was knocked dowm by a cab. From the injuries thus
received he never recovered. He died at his house in
New Bridge- street, Blackfriars, 24th April, 1856. He
retained his faculties to the last, and was said to have
seen patients on the very day he died. In person Dr.
Clutterbuck was somewhat above the middle height,
and robust in form. His complexion was florid, his
forehead massive, his features large. A portrait of him,
•painted by subscription, for the Medical Society of
London, is in the meeting-room of that institution. Dr.
Clutterbuck, in addition to the work on fever, which
came to a second edition in 1825, was the author of —
An Account of a New and Successful Method of Treating those
Aflections which arise from the Poison of Lead. 8vo. Lond. 1794.
Remarks on some of the Opinions of the late Mr. John Hunter
respecting the Venereal Disease. 8vo. Lond. 1799.
Observations on the Prevention and Treatment of the Epidemic
Fever at present prevaiUng in this Metropolis and most parts of
the Kingdom. 8vo. Lond. 1819.
An Essay on Pyrexia or Symptomatic Fever. 8vo. Lond. 1837.
On the Proper Administration of Blood-letting. 8vo Lond
1840.
• Lives of British Physicians. 12mo. Loud. 1857, p. 403, etseq
1804] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 17
Essays on Inflammation and its Varieties. 8vo. Lond.
A brief Memoir of George Birkbeck, M.D. 8vo. Lond. 1842.
William Lambe, M.D., was born 26th February,
1765, at Warwick, and was the son of Mr. Lacon Lambe,
an attorney practising in that town. After a good
scholastic education at the Hereford grammar-school,
he was entered at St. John's college, Cambridge, of
which society he subsequently became a fellow. He
proceeded A.B. 1786, and was fourth wrangler of his
year, A.M. 1789, and M.D. 1802. Soon after taking
his second degree in arts, he commenced business at
Warwick, succeeding to the practice of his friend, Dr.
Landon, who about that time withdrew from the active
exercise of his profession. Whilst at Warwick, he made
a minute chemical examination of the mineral water at
Leamington, the results of which he published in the
5th vol. of the " Transactions of the Philosophical So-
ciety of Manchester." Desirous of a wider field for his
exertions, he, after a time, removed to London, was
admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians, 22nd
December, 1803, and a Fellow, 22nd December, 1804.
He was Censor in 1806, 1815, 1826, 1828; Croonian
lecturer, 1814, 1815, 1816; Harveian orator, 1818;
Elect, 30th September, 1828; and Consiliarius, 1839.
He died at Dilwyn, whither he had retired, on the 11th
June, 1847, aged 82, and was buried in the family vault
in the churchyard of that parish.'''' Dr. Lambe was an
* Neqne vero, boo loco, milii silentio praatereundus est, quern
rniper, gravem annis, amisimns Gulielmns Lambe quippe qui scientiee
chemic86 cultor esset hand spemendus, idem litteris liumanioribus
bene imbutus, atque medendi certe baud imperitus. Particulas
plumbeas in aquis latifcantes scite evocavit. Simplex erat et apertus
et mores ejus modestissimi, vita integerrima. Quod si paulo incon-
sultius carnem nobis omnino interdicere vellet, ignoscendum est
tamen. Cuinam enim nocuit ? Nemo, quod sciam, illi, de hac re,
nisi ipse sibi, dicto fuit audiens. Vale ! igitur lenis anima ! qualis
neque candidior, neque innocentior altera ad plures migravit : neque
facile crederem te, in locis piorum lastis, beatisque sedibus, quem-
quam tibi iratum, veluti Ulyssi Ajacem, esse inventurum : namque
irasci tibi vix potuerit aliquis, nisi vero si quis esset ita, plusquam
tu ipse, Pythagoraeus, ita cibum omnem nitrogenatum perosus, ut
VOL. III. C
18 ROLL OF THE
[1804
a<3complished man, benevolent and kind hearted, his
advice and purse being open on all occasions to the sick
and needy "He was eccentric in his manners, and a
rigid veo-etarian, having for nearly half a century before
his death never tasted animal food. He wrote a work
to show that almost all diseases, but particularly those
of a scirrhous nature, had their origin m the use of
animal diet, and in the impure water supphed to the
metropolis. He did not, however, insist upon all his
patients keeping to a vegetable diet, but he strongly
relied upon the necessity of their drinkhig nothing
but filtered water ; and he had the model of a glass
filter in his consulting room, which he invariably exhi-
bited and described to his patients. Dr. Lambe had
never any considerable practice of a remunerative cha-
racter, and lived for many years a short distance out of
town. He had, however, a consulting room in King's-
road, Bedford-row, at which he was in the habit of
attending three times a week. Never was a poor
patient turned from the door at any of the hours of his
attendance, and this most benevolent man assisted with
money those who without it were unable to obtain the
little luxuries necessary in sickness and the medicines
he had prescribed."'''' Dr. Lambe was the author of —
An Analysis of the Leamington Water. 8vo. 1790.
Researches into the Properties of Spring Water, with Medical
Cautions, against the use of Lead in Water-pipes, Pumps, Cis-
terns, &c. 8vo. Lend. 1803.
A Medical and Experimental Inquiry into the Origin of Consti-
tutional Diseases, particularly Scrofula, Consumption, Cancer, and
Gout. 8vo. Lond. 1805.
Reports of the Effects of a peculiar Regimen on Scirrhous
Tumours and Cancerous Ulcers. 8vo. Lond. 1809.
Additional Reports on the Efifects of a peculiar Regimen in cases
tibi succenseret, quod non obsecutus esses Pythagorico illi edicto,
no faba vesceremur. Sed, ut quseramus seria, nonne is beatus,
post obitum certc, videtur jure appellandus, cui nihil quisquam,
neque fraudis, nequo malitieo, neque vitii, recte objicerit ? Oratio
ex Harveii Instituto habita die Junii xxiv ; MDCCCXLVIII a
Francisco Hawkins, M.D. pp. 19 — 20.
* Lives of British Physicians. 12mo. Lond. 1857, p. 406.
1805] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 19
of Cancer, Scrofula, Consumption, Asthma, and other Chronic
Diseases. 8vo. Lond. 1815.
An Investigation of the Properties of Thames Water. 8vo.
Lond. 1828.
EoBERT Batty, M.D., was bom at Kirkby Lonsdale,
CO. Westmoreland, and received his medical education
in London and Edinburgh. He was created doctor of
medicine by the university of St. Andrew's 30th Au-
gust, 1797, shortly after which he settled in London,
commenced practice as an obstetric physician, and on
the 30th September, 1800, wks admitted by the Col-
lege of Physicians a Licentiate in Midwifery. He was
admitted a Licentiate of the College 22nd December,
1804. Dr. Batty was physician to the Lying-in hos-
pital, Brownlow- street, and was for some years editor
of the " Medical and Physical Journal." He died at
Fairlight-lodge, Hastings, whither he had long retired,
on the 16th November, 1849, aged 86. His portrait by
Dance was engraved by W. Daniell.
Alexander Lyon Emerson, M.D., was born in Berk-
shire 10th May, 1770, and received his medical educa-
tion at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of medi-
cine 24th June, 1794 (D.M.I. de Pneumonia). In the
following year he entered the medical service of the
army, and served as physician to the forces in Egypt,
Spain, the Cape of Good Hope, &c. He was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 8th April, 1805,
was made inspector of hospitals in 1817, and died at
Tunbridge Wells on the 23rd July, 1834, aged 60.
Thomas Bateman, M.D., was born at Whitby, in
Yorkshire, on the 29th April, 1778, and was the only
son of a surgeon in good business in that town. He re-
ceived his rudimentary education at two private schools,
one at Whitby, the other at Thornton ; but at neither
of them did he give indications of the ability which
afterwards distinguished him. He was remarkably
silent and reserved, and although punctual in the per-
C 2
20 ROLL OF THE [1805
formance of his tasks at school, evinced no particular
pleasure in the pursuit of knowledge, and never opened
a book for his own amusement. He passed three years
with an apothecary at Whitby, and in 1797 came to
London, when he entered to the lectures at the Wind-
mill street school, and to the physicians' practice at
St. George's hospital. In the following year he pro-
ceeded to Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of
medicine 24th Jane, 1801 (D.M.I, de Hsemorrhcea Petec-
hiali). He then returned to London and completed his
studies at the Public dispensary, under Dr. Willaii,
through whose influence he was elected physician to the
London Fever hospital, and shortly afterwards physi-
cian to the Public dispensary. He maintained the high
reputation which that institution had attained under
his predecessor. Dr. Willan, as a school of practical me-
dicine, and among his very numerous pupils there were
Dr. P. M. Latham, Dr. W. F. Chambers, Dr. Eichard
Bright, and Dr. Addison. Dr, Bateman was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 8th April,
1805. In that year he joined with Dr. Duncan, jun.,
of Edinburgh, and Dr.Eeeve, of Norwich, in establishing
the "Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal," to which
he contributed those Reports on the Diseases of Lon-
don and the State of the Weather, which first brought
him into notice and contributed materially to the es-
tablishment of his professional reputation. He also
contributed the whole of the medical articles in Eees'
Cyclopaedia from the letter C inclusive, with the ex-
ception of that on the " History of Medicine." In the
Medical Reports, as in his attention to cutaneous dis-
eases. Dr. Bateman followed in the footsteps of his
friend and colleague. Dr. Willan, on w^hose illness and
consequent departure for Madeira in 1811 he became
the chief authority in London on all questions relating
to affections of the skin. He proved his qualifications
for this position by his well-known and useful " Prac-
tical Synopsis of Cutaneous Diseases according to the
Arrangement of Dr. Willan," which appeared in 1813.
1805] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 21
This was followed by the " Delineations of Cutaneous
Diseases, exhibiting the characteristic appearances of the
principal genera and species, comprised in the classifi-
cation of WiUan, and completing the series of engrav-
ings began by that author." 4to. Lond. 1817. The
Synopsis became a standard work, was translated into
French, German, and Italian, and its fame extended even
to Russia, the emperor of which was pleased to desire,
through his own physician, that a copy of each of Dr.
Bateman s works should be sent to him through the
hands of the imperial ambassador in London. His ma-
jesty rewarded Dr. Bateman with a diamond ring of
a hundred guineas value, and at the same time inti-
mated the imperial pleasure that any future works
written by Dr. Bateman should be transmitted in like
manner to St. Petersburgh. In the year 1815, when
Dr. Bateman's professional fame and emoluments were
rapidly increasing, his health began to decline. To de-
rangement of the digestive organs and attacks of pe-
riodical headache from which he had for some time suf-
fered, was superadded a gradual failure of the sight of
one eye, which was regarded as amaurotic. And as the
other eye was, also, to a certain degree affected, it was
resolved to have recourse to mercury. The general
health having been improved by a sojourn of some weeks
at the seaside, the plan was commenced early in the
year 1817. But it was soon necessary to desist, for he
was attacked with mercurial erethism, from which he
narrowly escaped with his life ; but with a constitution
so broken as to limit all his subsequent exertions. Of
the distressing train of symptoms Dr. Bateman expe-
rienced, he has given a graphic sketch in the ninth vo-
lume of the " Medico- Chirurgical Transactions." In the
spring of 1818 he resigned his office at the Fever hos-
pital, and in the summer of the following year, that at
the Public dispensary, about which time he withdrew
from London to Bishop Burton, near Beverley, and even-
tually to his native town, Whitby, where he died on the
yth April, 1821, in the forty-third year of his age.
22 ROLL OF THE [1805
Dr. Bateman collected into one volume his Reports
on the Diseases of London, 8vo. Lond., 1819, and was
the author also of —
A Succinct Account of the Contagious Fever of this Country exem-
plified in the Epidemic now prevaihng in London ; with Observa-
tions on the Nature and Properties of Contagion. 8vo. Lond. 1818.
A biography of Dr. Bateman appeared in 1826. It
was anonymous, but is known to have been written by
Mr. J. Eumsey —
" Some Account of the Life and Character of the late Thomas
Bateman, M.D., F.L.S., Physician to the Public Dispensary and to
the Fever Institution in London." 12mo. Lond. 1826.
John Johnstone, M.D., was the fourth son of James
Johnstone, M.D., a distinguished physician of Worces-
ter, who died in 1802. He was educated at Merton
college, Oxford, and as a member of that house pro-
ceeded A.B. 10th October, 1789 ; A.M. 7th July, 1793;
M.B. 9th July, 1793 ; and M.D. 10th July, 1800. He
was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians
25th June, 1804, and a Fellow 25th June, 1805. He
delivered the Harveian oration of 1819. Dr. Johnstone
commenced business at Worcester, and in 1793 was
elected physician to the infirmary in that city, an office
which he resigned in 1799, when he removed to Bir-
mingham, where he practised with the most eminent
success and reputation for a period of nearly forty years.
He was appointed physician to the Birmingham Gene-
ral hospital in 1801, and performed the duties of that
office wdth exemplary diligence for more than thirty
years. He resigned his office at the hospital in 1833.
Dr. Johnstone died at his residence. Monument-house,
Birmingham, on the 28th December, 1836, aged sixty-
eight. "With deep professional learning, Dr. John-
stone possessed an acuteness of intellect, an insight
into character, a decision of mind, and a kindness of
manner eminently valuable in every relation of life, but
more peculiarly important in that of a physician. His
skill wiis uniformly acknowledged by his fellow citizens,
jiiid iinlr<M] tl!r(»nn||(,iit, tlic exteusivc district in which
1805] KOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 23
he practised. The elegance as well as the depth of his
scholarship made him the delight as well as the orna-
ment of society, and procured for him the friendship and
esteem of many of the most learned and illustrious per-
sons in the empire."'''' Dr. Johnstone was the author of
An Essay on Mineral Poisons, published in his father's Medical
Essays and Observations. 8vo. Evesham. 1795.
Medical Jurisprudence : On Madness, with Strictures on Here-
ditary Insanity, Lucid Intervals, and the Confinement of Maniacs.
8vo. Birm. 1800.
An Account of the Discovery of the Power of Mineral Acid
•Vapours to destroy Contagion. 8vo. 1803.
A Reply to Dr. James Carmichael Smyth containing Remarks on
his Letter to Mr. Wilberforce, and a further Account of the dis-
covery of the power of Mineral Acids in a state of Gas to destroy
Contagion. 8vo. Lond. 1805.
But Dr. Johnstone's great work, that by which his
name will be transmitted to posterity, was his " Life and
Works of Samuel Parr, LL.D.," which appeared in eight
volumes octavo in 1 828. For forty years he had possessed
the friendship and was honoured with the familiar inter-
course of that profound scholar, who resided at Hatton,
a few miles from Birmingham. Dr. Johnstone's life
of his revered friend is " written with great vigour and
feeling ; it is full of interesting literary anecdote and
scholarlike research, and free from that slavish timidity
which fears to acknowledge the failings of humanity in
the subject of its panegyric. The life of Dr. Parr is a
fearless, manly, and noble specimen of biography,
putting to shame the meagre attempts of those puny
scribblers who have sought to write themselves into
ephemeral notice by the celebrity of the great name
with which their own may be thus temporarily asso-
ciated. Dr. Johnstone was not only, by his long inti-
macy, his liberal politics, and enlarged views, of all men
the best qualified, to write the life of his illustrious
friend, but by his own taste and learning was enabled
to appreciate that of so eminent a man."t
* British and Foreign Medical Review, vol. iii, p. 586.
t Gent. Mag., May, 1837.
24 BOLL OF THE [1805
Isaac Buxton, M.D., was born in London, and was
educated for a dissenting minister, in which capacity
he officiated for a few years. Devoting himself, how-
ever, to medicine, he proceeded to Gottingen, where he
studied for several years, and graduated doctor of medi-
cine 12th April, 1802. He was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1805, and then
settling in the city, soon obtained the confidence of a
numerous party among dissenters. He was elected phy-
sician to the London hospital 9th June, 1807, and re-
signed that office in 1822. Dr. Buxton was the original
proposer, and is regarded as the founder of the Infirmary
for Asthma and Consumption, the first institution of
the kind in this country. He died at Grosvenor-place,
Camberwell, on the 1st July, 1825, and was buried in
Bunhill-fields. He was the author of
An Essay on the use of a regulated Temperature in Winter Cough
and Consumption. 12mo. Lond, 1810.
James Shaw, M.D., was born at Appleby, co. West-
moreland, and graduated doctor of medicine at Aber-
deen 11th May, 1805, being then of middle age. He
had attended the medical classes in Edinburgh in 1775,
and again for another session in 1804. He was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th
June, 1805, and died at his home in Kussell-square,
22nd August, 1811, in the fifty-seventh year of his
age.
Sir James Fellowes, M.D., was descended from an
old and respectable family in the county of Norfolk,
but was born in Edinburgh, and was the third son of
William Fellowes, M.D., a distinguished provincial
physician, who practised for many years at Lincoln,
and subsequently at Bath, where he attended the
Prince of Wales as one of his physicians extraordinary.
The subject of our present notice was admitted to
Rugby school at midsummer, 1778, on leaving which
he was entered at Peterhouse, Cambridge, but having
1805] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 25
been elected to one of the Tancred scholarships he re-
moved to Caius college, of which house he subsequently
became a fellow on the Perse foundation. He attended
the lectures of Dr. George Fordyce and Dr. Andrew
Marshall, in London, and then spent some time at
Edinburgh. He graduated M.B. at Cambridge in 1797,
and during the peace of Amiens travelled with the
marquis of Cholmondeley in the capacity of domestic
physician to France and Switzerland. He proceeded
M.D. 5th July, 1803, and was admitted a Candidate of
the College of Physicians 1st October, 1804, a Fellow
30th September, 1805. He entered the army as hos-
pital assistant, and joined the mihtary hospitals in
Flanders under the duke of York in 1794. On the
termination of that campaign, he was appointed phy-
sician to the forces, and in this capacity proceeded with
the fleet under admiral Christian to St. Domingo. In
1804, on the breaking out of the pestilential* fever at
Gibraltar, he was selected by the physician-general of
the army. Sir Lucas Pepys, to proceed thither. In
recognition of his services there, his majesty George III
in 1809 conferred upon him the honour of knighthood,
and shortly afterwards he was appointed chief of the
medical department of the British army at Cadiz under
lord Lynedoch. On Sir James Fellowes' retirement
from the service in 1815, being then iijspector-general
of military hospitals, he was honourably mentioned by
the Lords of the Treasury in a minute dated 3rd
March, 1815. He died at Langstone cottage, near
Havant, the residence of his son. Captain Fellowes, on
the 30th December, 1857, in the eighty-sixth year of
his age. Sir James Fellowes was the author of —
Reports of the Pestilential Disorder of Andalusia, which ap-
peared at Cadiz in the year 1800, 1804, 1810 and 1813 ; with an
account of that fatal Epidemic which prevailed at Gibraltar during
the autumnal months of 1804 ; also Observations on the remitting
and intermitting Fever among the Troops after their return from
Zealand in 1809. 8vo. Lond. 1815.
Charles Price, M.D., was the eldest son of the
26 ROLL OF THE [1805
Eev. Thomas Price, vicar of Merriott, near Crewkerne,
in Somersetshire, and was educated at Ihninster and
at Wadham college, Oxford, of which house he was a
fellow. He proceeded A.B. 30th June, 1797, A.M. 9th
July, 1801, M.B. 25th June, 1802, and M.D. 14th
January, 1804. He was admitted a Candidate of the
College of Physicians 1st October, 1804, and a Fellow
30th September, 1805 : he was Censor in 1807, and he
delivered the Harveian oration in 1820. Dr. Price
was elected physician to the Middlesex hospital 19th
February, 1807, and resigned that office 16th May,
1815, at about which time he removed to Brighton,
where he practised with much reputation, and on the
23rd August, 1832, was appointed physician extraor-
dinary to William IV. Dr. Price died at Brighton
8th September, 1853, aged seventy-seven.
Georoe Gilbert Cuerey, M.D., was born in Norfolk,
and educated at Trinity college, Cambridge, as a mem-
ber of which house he proceeded A.B. 1797, A.M. 1800 ;
when removing to Oxford he was incorporated on his
master's degree, and as a member of Exeter college
graduated M.B. 23rd April, 1801 ; M.D. 14th June,
1804. He was admitted a Candidate of the College of
Physicians 1st October, 1804, and a Fellow 30th Sep-
.tember, 1805; was Censor in 1806, 1816; Croonian
lecturer 1817, 1818; Harveian' orator, 1822, and he
was appointed Treasurer 26th June, 1820. Dr. Currey
was physician to St. Thomas's hospital, to which office
he was elected in 1816. On the 18th November, 1822,
he was married at Madron church, Cornwall, to Mary,
the only child of John Dennis, esq., of Alverton, Pen-
zance, and he died whilst on his wedding tour, at Ivy
Bridge, co. Devon, 11th December, 1822.
Thomas Turner, M.D., was born in London, and was
the son of an opulent West India merchant. He was
educated at the Charterhouse, and subsequently at
Gottingen, on returning from which he was entered at
1805] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 27
Trinity college, Cambridge, and as a member of that
house proceeded M.B. 1799; M.D, 1804. Repassed
the winter of 1796-7 in Edinburgh. Dr. Turner was
admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 1st
October, 1804, and a Fellow 30th September, 1805.
He was Censor in 1807, 1817, 1827, 1829; Harveian
orator 1822 ; Elect 24th April, 1829, and Consiliarius
in 1836, 1844, 1845, 1846. He was elected Treasurer
23rd December, 1822, in place of Dr. Currey, deceased,
and was in that responsible and onerous office during
the building of the college edifice in Pall-mall East.
His exertions in this capacity were indefatigable, and
his management of the pecuniary afikirs of the College
most judicious. At the first quarterly Comitia after the
opening of the new building the assembled Fellows, on
the proposition of the President, acknowledged their
sense of Dr. Turner's services by the unanimous vote of
a piece of plate, which bore the foUowujg brief but ex-
pressive inscription from the pen of Sir Henry Halford,
Bart. :—
Thomse Turner, M.D.
Thesaurario Diligenti, Fido, Prudenti;
Coll: Reg: Med: Londin :
Socii ;
Novis sedibus extrnctis,
D.D.
Dr.- Turner was annually re-elected Treasurer for more
than twenty years. He resigned that ofiice 25th June,
1845, when, to quote the entry in the Annals, " It was
resolved unanimously that a piece of plate of the value
of 100^. should be presented to Dr. Turner for his long,
faithful, and valuable services as Treasurer of the Col-
lege." Dr. Turner was appointed assistant physician to
St. Thomas's hospital in 1800, and physician in 1802,
which ofiice he resigned in 1816. In 1830 he was ga-
zetted physician extraordinary to queen Adelaide. Sir
Kobert Peel appointed him a metropolitan commis-
sioner in Lunacy on the first introduction of that com-
mission, which appointment he retained until the Me-
28 ROLL OF THE [l805
tropolitan Commission was superseded by the present
Board of Commissioners in Lunacy, of which he was one
of the earhest members, and he retained his seat at that
board until his final withdrawal from professional work
in 1856. When over ninety years of age, Dr. Turner,
in walking early in the evening from his club to his
house in Curzon-street, was attacked by a gang of ruf-
fians, garotted, and very hardly handled by them, with
the effect, however, of dispersing and permanently curing
a large goitre from which he had long suffered, and which
had resisted much of more orthodox and milder treat-
ment. This venerable physician, who had long been
the father of the College, died at his house in Curzon-
street 10th March, 1865, aged ninety-three.
Samuel Fothergill, M.D., a native of Yorkshire,
and a doctor of medicine of Glasgow of 6th April, 1802,
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
30th September, 1805. He was the author of —
An Account of a Painful Affection of tlie Nerves of the Face,
commonly called Tic Douloureux. 8vo. Lond. 1804.
Ealph Blegborough, M.D., was born at Richmond,
in the county of York, and was the son of Mr. Henry
Blegborough, a surgeon in extensive business in that
town. After a sound preliminary education at the
grammar school of Richmond, then under the charge of
the Rev. Antony Temple, he commenced the study of
medicine by an apprenticeship to his father, and con-
tinued it at Edinburgh, which he left in 1790, without
taking a degree. He was for some years in general
practice in London, whereby he realized a competency.
He graduated doctor of medicine at Aberdeen 29th
December, 1804, and on the 30th September, 1805,
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians.
Dr. Blegborough died at Brixton-hill 23rd January,
1827, aged fifty- two. He was the author of—
Facts and Observations respecting the Efficacy of the Air Pump
Vapour Bath in Gout and other Diseases. 12mo. Lond. 1803.
1806] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 29
Samuel Pett, M.D., was born in Cornwall, and edu-
cated at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of medi-
cine 24th June, 1793 (D.M.I, de Colica Pictonum).
He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 23rd December, 1805, and resided at Clapton,
where he died from the effects of a dissection wound on
the 1st January, 1823.
Samuel Irving, M.D. He was born in the county
of Longford, was created doctor of medicine by the uni-
versity of St. Andrews 27th February, 1796, and was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 23rd
December, 1805. He practised at Canterbury.
William Godfrey Deane, M.D., a native of Ire-
land and a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 24th
June, 1803 (D.M.I, de Phthisi Pulmonali), was admit-
ted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 23rd De-
cember, 1805. He commenced practice at Worcester,
where he remained for a short time only, when he en-
tered the medical service of the army. In his capacity
of physician to the forces, he was with the army in
Portugal, and contracting fever in the hospital of Elvas,
died there in the latter part of 1809, or beginning of
1810.
Robert Hooper, M.D., was born in London and re-
ceived his scholastic education under Dr. Rutherford,
at Uxbridge ; on leaving which he commenced the
study of medicine in London, and became apothecary to
the parochial infirmary of Marylebone. Shortly after
his appointment to that office, he entered himself at
Pembroke college, Oxford, and as a member of that
house proceeded A.B. 18th March, 1803 ; A.M. 28th
June, 1804; M.B. 12th July, 1804. Some obstacles
being opposed to his further progress at Oxford, he was
created doctor of medicine by the university of St. An-
drews 16th December, 1805, and was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 23rd December, 1805.
30 KOLL OF THE [1806
He settled in Savile-row, began to lecture on the prac-
tice of medicine, and for many years commanded a
numerous class. He devoted much time to pathologi-
cal anatomy, and accumulated a very valuable collection
of morbid specimens. Dr. Hooper was a man of immense
industry, a sound practical physician, and a good writer,
and was much esteemed by his professional brethren.
His Physician's Yade Mecum and his Medical Dic-
tionary retain their popularity to the present time. He
held the office of physician to the Marylebone infir-
mary, and long enjoyed an extensive and lucrative busi-
ness. Having accumulated a competency, he retired from
practice in 1829, and withdrew to Stanmore, but he died
in Bentinck-street, Manchester- square on the 6th May,
1835, in the sixty-third year of his age. We have from
his pen —
Observations on tlie Structure and Economy of Plants : to which
is added the Analogy between the Animal and Vegetable Kingdoms.
8vo. Oxford. 1797.
The Hygrology, or Chemico Physiological Doctrine of the Fluids
of the Human Body, from the Latin of J. J. Plenck. 8vo. Lond.
1797.
A Compendious Medical Dictionary. 8vo. Lond. 1798. 7th edi-
tion, 1838.
The Anatomist's Vade Mecum, containing the Anatomy, Physio-
logy, and Morbid Appearances of the Human Body. 12mo. Lond.
1798.
Anatomical Plates of the Bones and Muscles reduced from Albi-
nus for the use of Students and Artists. 12mo. Lond. 1802.
Observations on the Epidemical Diseases now prevailing in Lon-
don. 8vo. Lond. 1803.
The London Dissector. 8vo. Lond. 1804.
Examinations in Anatomy and Physiology. 2 vols. 12mo. Lond.
1807.
The Physician's Yade Mecum, containing the Symptoms, Causes,
Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Diseases. 12mo. Lond.
The Surgeon's Vade Mecum. 12mo. Lond.
The Morbid Anatomy of the Human Brain, being illustrations of
the most frequent and important Organic Diseases to which that
Viscus is subject. 4to. Lond. 1826.
The Morbid Anatomy of the Human Uterus and its Appendages:
v/ith illustrations of the most frequent and important Organic
Diseases to which those Viscera are subject. 4to. Lond. 1832.
liicuARD Patrick Sattbrley, M.D., was born at
1806] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 31
Hastings, and was the son of a respectaHe medical
practitioner in that town. After a good classical edu-
cation at home, he was entered at Caius college, Cam-
bridge, and proceeded M.B. 1799; M.D. 1803.^ He
was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians
8th April, 1805, a Fellow 31st March, 1806, and was
Censor in 1809. Dr. Satterley was physician to the
Middlesex and to the Foundling hospitals ; to the for-
mer he was elected in December, 1806, and to the
latter in 1809. He retained these appointments until
his death, which occurred in the summer of 1815, at
Tunbridge Wells, where he was in the habit of residing
during the season.
Edward Nathaniel Bancroft, M.D., was born in
London, and was the son of Edward Bancroft, M.D.,
F.R.S., the author of an Essay on the Natural History
of Guiana, and of a work on the Philosophy of Perma-
nent Colours. He received his early education under
two of the most distinguished scholars of his age. Dr.
Charles Burney and Dr. Parr, and was then entered at
St. John's college, Cambridge, and graduated bachelor
of medicine in 1794. In the following year he was ap-
pointed physician to the army, and in this capacity
served in the Windward Islands, in Portugal, the Medi-
terranean, Egypt, &c. Returning to England he pro-
ceeded doctor of medicine at Cambridge in 1804, and
then settling in London, was admitted a Candidate of
the College of Physicians 8th April, 1805, and a Fellow
31st March, 1806. He was Censor in 1808. Dr. Ban-
croft was elected physician to St. George's hospital
18th March, 1808, but his health requiring a warmer
climate, he resigned that office in 1811, and proceeded
to Jamaica in the capacity of physician to the forces.
He died there the 18th September, 1842, aged 70, being
then deputy inspector general of army hospitals. He
was buried in the yard of the parish church of King-
ston, and is commemorated on a mural tablet erected by
the physicians and surgeons of Jamaica, in the cathedral
32 ROLL OF THE [1806
church of that place. It bears the foUowing inscrip-
tion : —
Edward Nathaniel Bancroft, M.D., Cantab,
Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, London,
and Deputy Inspector Greneral of Army Hospitals,
(Erected by the Physicians and Surgeons of Jamaica).
Ob. at Kingston 18th Sept., 1842, aet. 70.
Dr. Bancroft's writings " display not only the
finished style of the classical scholar, but the acute and
accurate reasoning of the logician. His inductions are
generally drawn in a strong and masterly manner, and
as a polemical writer he uses his pen with much energy
and effect in turning the facts or arguments of an an-
tagonist against himself"'''" He was the author of—
A Letter to the Commissioners of Military Enquiry, containing
Animadversions on the Fifth Report. 8vo. Lond. 1808.
A Refutation of various Misrepresentations published by Dr.
McGregor and Dr. Jackson in their Letters to the Commissioners
of Military Inquiry. 8vo. Lond. 1808.
An Essay on the Disease called Yellow Fever, with observations
concerning Febrile Contagion, Typhus Fever, Dysentery, and the
Plague. 8vo. Lond. 1811.
A Sequel to an Essay on the Yellow Fever, intended to prove by
Facts and Documents that the Fever called Bulam, or Pestilential,
has no existence as a distinct or a Contagious Disease. 8vo. Lond.
1817.
John Duncan, M.D., was born in. Aberdeen. He
graduated doctor of medicine in his native city 17th Oc-
tober, 1805, and was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 31st March, 1806. I assume him to
be the John Duncan who died at Shrivers, Horsmonden,
CO. Kent, on the 26th October, 1855, aged 95.
James liAiRD, M.D., was born in Jamaica, and re-
ceived his medical education at Edinburgh, where he
graduated doctor of medicine 24th June, 1803 (D.M.I.
de Stomacho ej usque morbis). He was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 31st March, 1806, and
♦ Authentic Memoirs of the most Eminent Physicians and Sur-
geons of Great Britain. 2nd edit. 8vo. Lond. 1818, p. 68.
1806] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 33
was elected physician to Guy's hospital 11th November,
1813, but resigned his office there on the 14th January,
1824, about which time he withdrew from the practice
of his profession and quitted London. Eventually he
settled at Bognor, and died about 1840.
John Herdman, M.D., was born in Scotland, and re-
ceived his general and medical education in Edinburgh.
He became a member of the College of Surgeons of
Edinburgh, and for some years was in general practice
at Leith. On the 12th July, 1800, he graduated
doctor of medicine at Aberdeen, and on the 31st March,
1806, was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians of London. He settled in London, was appointed
physician to the City dispensary, and after a time phy-
sician to the duke of Sussex. After practising in London
for some years. Dr. Herdman relinquished his profes-
sion, and having received ordination in the church of
England, preached occasionally at Alnwick, Howick,
and other adjacent churches. By his marriage with the
daughter of C. Hay, esq., of Lesbury, he succeeded to
considerable wealth, which he diffused with a liberal
hand. Dr. Herdman died at Lesbury, near Alnwick, the
26th February, 1842, aged 80. He was the author of
An Essay on the Causes and Phenomena of Animal Life. 8vo.
Edinb. 1795.
Dissertations on White Swelling of the Joints and the Doctrine
of Inflammation. 8vo. Edinb. 1802.
Discourse on the Epidemic Disease, termed Influenza. 8vo.
Edinb. 1803.
Discourses on the Management of Infants and the Treatment of
their Diseases. 8vo. Lond. 1807.
A Letter proposing a Plan for the Improvement of Dispensaries
and the Medical Treatment of the Diseased Poor. 8vo. Lond.
1809.
John Eichard Farre, M.D., was born in Barbadoes,
on the 31st of January, 1775, and was the son of Mr.
Eichard John Farre, a medical practitioner, much re-
spected and extensively employed in that island. He
received the best general education the island could sup-
VOL. III. D
34 ROLL OF THE [1806
ply, and then commenced the study of medicine under
his father, who accompanied him to England in 1792,
and entered him a student at the United Borough hos-
pitals. Towards the end of 1793 he became a member
of the Corporation of Surgeons, his object in doing so
being to accompany Mr. Foster, one of the surgeons of
Guy's hospital, to the south of France, in the expe-
dition under the earl of Moira, for the purpose of ac-
quiring a knowledge of mihtary surgery. He served
for three months as hospital mate, but being disap-
pointed in both his objects, by Mr. Foster having de-
clined the appointment of surgeon on the staff, and by
the failure of the expedition, he, with the approbation
of Sir John Macnamara Hayes, the director of the staff,
resigned his situation, and quitting the army, returned
to London, to continue his studies. He paid two
lengthened visits to Barbadoes, where he practised
surgery and midwifery, and in the summer of 1800
finally returned to England. He subsequently spent
two years in Edinburgh, graduated doctor of medicine
at Aberdeen 22nd January, 1806, was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 31st March, 1806,
and commenced business as a physician in London. He
co-operated with his friend^ Mr. John Cunningham
Saunders in establishing the Boyal London Ophthalmic
hospital, of which institution he is justly considered
the joint founder. He was appointed physician to that
hospital, and for nearly fifty years devoted his best
energies to its service. He resigned his office there
and retired from practice in 1856. Dr. Farre died 7th
May, 1862, aged 87, and is buried at Kensal-green. He
left among others, two sons bred to the profession of
physic, and both of them Fellows of the College : Fre-
deric John Farre, M.D., the present respected treasurer,
during whose tenure of that office, and in great measure
through whose energy and perseverance, the building in
Pall Mall East has been completely repaired, renovated
and ornamented as well internally as externally ; and
Arthur Farre, M.D., physician extraordinary to the
1806] HOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 35
Queen, and physician accoucheur to the Princess of
Wales, who by his recent gift to the College of con-
siderably more than a thousand volumes of books, many
of them of much scarcity and value, ranks among the
most munificent of the donors to its library.
Dr. Farre's portrait is in the board room of the Oph-
thalmic hospital. It was painted by Thomas Phillips,
R.A., and was engraved in mezzotinto by F. Bromley.
Dr. Farre edited the works of his two friends, Dr. J. F. D.
Jones and Mr. Cunningham Saunders, viz. : —
A Treatise on the Process employed by Nature in Suppressing
the Haemorrhage from divided and punctured Arteries ; and on the
Use of the Ligature with Observations on Secondary Hgemorrhage
by J. F. D. Jones, M.D. 8vo. Lend. 1805.
A Treatise on some Practical Points relating to the Diseases of
the Eye, by the late John Cunningham Saunders ; with a Short
Account of the Author's Life and his Method of Curing the Con-
genital Cataract. 8vo. Lond. 1811.
Dr. Farre also projected and edited —
The Journal of Morbid Anatomy, Ophthalmic Medicine, and
Pharmaceutical Analysis.
and was the author of —
The Morbid Anatomy of the Liver ; an Inquiry into the Anato-
mical Character, Symptoms and Treatment of Certain Diseases
which impair or destroy the Structure of that Yiscus. Parts I and
II. Tumours. 4to. Lond. 1812-15.
Pathological Researches on Malformation of the Human Heart,
illustrated by numerous cases, and preceded by some Observations
on the method of Improving the Diagnostic Part of Medicine.
8vo. Lond. 1814.
John James de Eoches, M.D., a Swiss, educated at
Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of medicine 24th
June, 1803 (D.M.I, de Humulo Lupulo). He practised
for a short time in London, and was physician to one of
the City dispensaries. He was admitted an Extra-Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 27th May, 1806, and
soon afterwards returned to his native city, Geneva,
and practised there with distinguished reputation for
many years.
D 2
36 ROLL OF THE [1806
Charles Dalston Ne Vinson, M.D., was born in
London, 23rd November, 1773, and was the son of Mr.
Charles Nevinson, a noted apothecary in Savile-row.
Dr. Nevinson was educated under Dr. Eose, of Chis-
wick and Dr. Charles Burney, of Hammersmith. He
commenced the study of physic under his father, but
soon removed to Cambridge and entered at Emmanuel
college, as a member of which he graduated bachelor of
medicine in 179.9, when he commenced business in Lon-
don, and on the 21st March, 1800, after a sharp contest
was elected physician to St. George's hospital. Dr.
Nevinson proceeded M.D. at Cambridge in 1804, was
admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 25th
June, 1805, and a Fellow 25th June, 1806. He was
Censor in 1809, 1818. He resigned his office at St.
George's hospital in 1825, and died at his house in
Montague-square on the 12th August, 1846. '' Few
physicians have ever more thoroughly and extensively
secured the confidence of the aristocratic class of pa-
tients than Dr. Nevinson. Highly educated, both
generally and professionally, and having early the ad-
vantage of hospital experience, he was looked up to
with respect and deference by most of his juniors in
the profession, who consulted him very generally, while
his polished and dignified manner, coupled with bril-
liant conversational powers, made him a constant fa-
vourite with most of the patients to whom he bad once
been introduced. So great was his Hberality, that
wherever he suspected the means of a patient to be
but scanty, no consideration would induce him to take
a fee ; and this delicacy, perhaps excessive, and no
doubt at times misapplied, would occasionally hurt
the purse pride of the sick, and now and then give
offence to the medical attendant in ordinary. Taking
him, however, for all in all, it would be difficult to point
out for the imitation of his brethren a more perfect
model of the finished gentleman and profoundly skilled
physician. "^^
* Gent. Mag., vol. ii, for 1846.
1806] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 37
William Irvine, M.D., was the son of William
Irvine, M.D., lecturer on chemistry and materia medica
at Glasgow, but was educated at Edinburgh, where he
graduated doctor of medicine 25th June, 1798 (D.M.I,
de Epispasticis). He was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 2.5th June, 1806. He died of
fever at Malta, where he was then stationed in his ca-
pacity of physician to the forces, on the 23rd May, 1811,
aged thirty-five. Dr. Irvine was the author of —
Some Observations upon Diseases, chiefly as they occur in Sicily.
8vo. Lond. 1810.
Letters on Sicily. Bvo. Lond. 1813. A posthumous publication.
Adam Neale, M.D., was born in Scotland and edu-
cated at Edinburgh, where he took the degree of doctor
of medicine 13th September, 1802 (D.M.I, de Acido
Nitrico). He was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians 25th June, 1806, about which time he
was appointed physician to the forces, and in that capa-
city saw considerable service. He was with the army
in the Peninsula, and in his " Letters from Portugal and
Spain," 4to. Lond., 1809, has given an interesting ac-
count of the operations of the armies under Sir John
Moore and Sir Arthur Wellesley, from the landing of
the troops in Mondego Bay to the battle of Corunna.
Dr. Neale subsequently visited Germany, Poland, Mol-
davia, and Turkey, and in 1818 sent to the press a full
account of this tour. About the year 1814 he settled
at Exeter, but his changes of residence were so frequent
that I have difficulty in tracing them. He seems to
have remained at Exeter about six years, when he re-
moved to Cheltenham : but after a stay there of a few
months only,''' returned to Exeter, where he continued
* Dr. Neaie's career at Cheltenham was as stormy as it was short,
and his conduct there is wholly indefensible. He signalised his
advent to that town by the publication of " A Letter to a Professor
of Medicine in the University of Edinburgh respecting the Nature
and Properties of the Mineral Waters of Cheltenham," 8vo. Lend.,
1820, the object of which was to cast a doubt on the genuineness
of the waters as served to visitors at the principal and most fre-
38 ROLL OF THE [1806
until 1824. Dr. Neale became a candidate for the office
of physician to the Devon and Exeter hospital on the
vacancy occasioned by the death of Dr. Daniell, but was
not elected, the family interest of Dr. Granger securing
his election by an overwhelming majority. Dr. Neale's
name in the College list is thenceforward without an
address, and I. can only add that he died at Dunkirk
22nd December, 1832. In addition to the works already
mentioned, Dr. Neale was the author of —
A Translation of Assalini's Treatise on the Plague, &c. 8vo.
Lond. 1804.
Researches to establish the truth of the Linnaean doctrine of
Animal Contagions, wherein the Origin, Causes, Mode of Diffusion
and cure of Epidemic Diseases, Spasmodic Cholera, Dysentery,
Plague, &c., are illustrated by facts. 8vo. Lond. 1821.
Researches on the Natural History, Chemical Analysis, and
Medicinal Virtues of the Spur or Ergot of Rye administered as a
remedy in certain states of the Uterus. 8vo. Lond. 1828.
Robert Calvert, M.D., a doctor of medicine of
Edinburgh, of 24th June, 1804 (D.M.I, de Tumoribus
Scrophulosis), was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians 25th June, 1806. He died at Camden
Town on the 12th December, 1850, aged 68, being then
a deputy inspector of military hospitals. He was the
author of —
Reflections on Fever intended to point out the Principles upon
which a Systematic and Useful Method of Treatment might be
established. 8vo. Lond. 1815,
quented spring. It was soberly answered by an accomplished
physician of Cheltenham, Dr. Jameson, in a pamphlet entitled " A
Refutation of a Letter from Dr. Adam Neale to a Professor of
Medicine ; with a Statement of ulterior proceedings to quiet the
minds of the public respecting Cheltenham Waters." 8vo. Chel-
tenham, 1820 ; and more categorically in the pamphlet " Fact versus
Assertion, or Critical and Explanatory Observations on some Erro-
neous Statements in Dr. Adam Neale's pamphlet on Cheltenham
Waters ; to which are annexed Directions for Management in the
Art of Puffing addressed to a Friend ; with Dr. Neale's Confession
and the Refutation of Captain Matthews," by W. H. Halpin, jun.
8vo. Chelt. 1820. The controversy was ended by a satirical pam-
phlet entitled " Hints to a Physician on the Opening of his Medical
Career at Cheltenham." 8vo. Stroud. 1820.
1806] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 39
George Alexa.nder Morewood, M.D., was born in
Ireland, and graduated doctor of medicine at Glasgow
21st April, 1806. He was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 25th June, 1806. Dr. Morewood
entered the army, and at the time of his death, which
occurred at Bath 24th September, 1859, was physician
to the forces.
Sir William Knighton, Bart., M.D., G.C.H., was
born at Beer Ferris, co. Devon, in 1776, and received
his early education at a school at Newton Bushel, on
leaving which he was placed with his uncle, Mr. Bredall,
a respectable surgeon apothecary at Tavistock. He con-
tinued his studies at Guy's hospital, and in 1796 settled
at Devonport, under the patronage of Dr. Geach, then in
extensive private practice there, and surgeon to the Boyal
Naval hospital at Plymouth, who, in 1797, procured
for him the appointment of assistant- surgeon to that
hospital, and obtained for him the degree of doctor of
medicine, apparently from the university of St. Andrews.
In 1803 Dr. Knighton determined to remove to London
and commence practice as a physician, but finding on
his arrival that his medical education had not been in
conformity with the requirements of the College of Phy-
sicians, he decided on proceeding to Edinburgh, where
he spent two years, and on the 21st April, 1806, was
created doctor of medicine by the university of Aberdeen.
Dr. Knighton returned to London, and was admitted
a Licentiate of the College 25th June, 1806. He took
the house in Hanover-square previously occupied by
Dr. Hallifax, and very soon got into good business,
chiefly, but not exclusively, as an accoucheur. In July,
1809, he accompanied the marquis Wellesley in the
capacity of domestic physician on that nobleman's em-
bassy to Spain, whence he returned with his noble pa-
tient in October. Dr. Knighton then resumed his pro-
fessional duties, and soon repaired the inconvenience
occasioned by his absence, which had fortunately proved
of shorter duration than had been anticipated. His
40
ROLL OF THE [1806
medical position in London was soon established. In-
deed it would be impossible in the history of the pro-
fession to find another physician who, in so short a
space of time, and so early in Hfe, rose to so high an
eminence in public favour as did Dr. Knighton. The
ready insight into character, profound sagacity, and
commanding power over the minds of others, which so
remarkably distinguished him, will doubtless explain it.
On Lord Wellesley's retirement from office, he asked
and obtained for Dr. Knighton the appointment of
physician to the Prince Kegent. Some time before this
he had become acquainted with Sir John McMahon, by
whom he was speedily admitted to terms of intimacy,
and they continued on the most confidential footing
until the death of the latter, who left Knighton his exe-
cutor. Among the papers which thus came into his
possession were several relating to some private affairs
of the Prince Regent. Instead of endeavouring to turn
this circumstance to any profitable account, Knighton
instantly carried the documents to Carlton -house, and
placed them at once, without comment or condition, in
the hands of the rightful owner. From that hour may
be dated his admission to royal favour ; the Prince,
struck at once with the importance of the benefit, and
with the delicate manner in which it had been con-
ferred, appointed Knighton to an important office in
the duchy of Cornwall, on the 1st January, 1813, raised
him to the baronetage, and at a later period presented
him with the grand cross of the Gu'elphic Order. Sir
Wilham Knighton's medical reputation was now at its
zenith, and his business continued very extensive until
1822.
On the elevation of Sir Benjamin Bloomfield (who
had succeeded Sir John McMahon in the office of pri-
vate secretary to the Prince Regent) to the peerage,
and his mission to Sweden, Sir William Knighton, who
had previously been a frequent visitor, now became an
inmate at Carlton-palace, and was invested with the
otlices of private secretary and privy purse, appoint-
1806] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 41
ments which he retained till the death of George IV.
From the time of his accepting these appointments he
of course wholly abandoned practice, but he still re-
tained his intimacy with several members of his profes-
sion, some of whom were indebted to him for many acts
of kindness and consideration. Sir William Knighton
died at his house in Stratford-place 11th October,
1836, in the sixtieth year of his age, and was buried at
Kensal-green. Sir WiUiam Knighton ''was unques-
tionably a man of excellent talents, but he was still
more conspicuous for his fine sagacity and knowledge
of the world. His success in life was remarkable ; such
was at one time his interest at court that it is quite
certain he might have commanded almost anything
which the highest influence in the empire could bestow,
yet he never showed himself either avaricious or greedy
of honours. He was scrupulously punctilious in all the
observances and etiquettes of society ; but, amid the
polish which his manners and his character received
from the circumstances into which he was thrown, he
still retained unimpaired the impress of his early friend-
ships."''^ " The Memoirs of Sir William Knighton, Bart.,
G.C.H., &c., including his correspondence with many
distinguished personages/' by his widow, lady Knighton,
appeared in 1838 in two volumes octavo.
Pelham Wareen, M.D., was born in London, and
was the ninth son of Richard Warren, M.D., F.KS.,
one of the most popular and successful physicians of
the last century, who died in 1797. Dr. Pelham War-
ren was educated in the first instance at Dr. Thompson's
school at Kensington, and then at St. Peter's, West-
minster, whence he proceeded to Trinity college, Cam-
bridge, and graduated M.B. 1800 ; M.D. 2nd July, 1805.
He commenced the practice of his profession in London
immediately after he had taken his first degree in medi-
cine, and on the 6th April, 1803, was elected physician
to St. George's hospital, an office he resigned in April,
* Medical Gazette.
42 ROLL OF THE [1806
1816, before which period he had already obtained a
large share of business, and he subsequently enjoyed
one of the largest medical practices in the metropolis.
Dr. Warren was admitted a Candidate of the College of
Physicians 30th September, 1805, a Fellow 30th Sep-
tember, 1806. He was Censor in 1810; Harveian
orator 1826, and Elect 11th August, 1829. On the
24th July, 1830, he was gazetted physician extraor-
dinary to the king, but he dechned the honour, as the
appointment had been made without previous confer-
ence with himself He died of malignant disease of the
liver at Worting-house, near Basingstoke, 2nd Decem-
ber, 1835, in the fifty-eighth year of his age. He had
married a daughter of Dr. Shipley, dean of St. Asaph,
who, with seven children, survived him. He was buried
in Worting churoti, where there is a tablet with the
following inscription from the pen of his friend and
schoolfellow, Dr. Bayley, canon of Westminster : —
Near this place lies
Pelliam Warren, M.D., F.R.S.,
Membre de I'lnstitut,
9tli son of Richard Warren, M.D.,
and heir of his father's fame and virtues.
He early studied the ancient Masters of the medical art,
and to scientific research added practical experience.
He rose to the highest eminence of his profession.
Gifted with a sound understanding and singular quickness,
he was at once cautious in investigation,
and prompt in decision ;
whilst his almost intuitive knowledge of character
commanded the willing confidence of his patients.
An original thinker, an accurate reasorier,
his powers of conversation were heightened
by the animation of his eye
and the play of his countenance.
He was firm in friendship,
he had an lionest heart,
a spirit of independence,
and a hand of liberality.
His last illness was borne
with Christian calmness and self-possession,
nnd his sympathy with the sufferings of others
ceased onlv with his life.
1806] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 43
He died December 2, 1835, aged 57, leaving a widow and seven
children to cherish the memory of domestic excellence. But his
name will be with those of whom it is written, " Honour a physician
with the honour due unto him, for the Lord hath created him."
Dr. Warren was an accurate and careful observer of
disease, and a very sound, practical physician. " His
character and conduct were well calculated to support
the profession to which he beloDged. His sentiments
were in all respects those of a gentleman ; and as he
was too independent not to express them when the
occasion required, titled impertinence has more than
once been overmastered by the caustic bitterness of his
retort. His manners were peculiar and not always
pleasing, being generally cold and sometimes abrupt
He took a prodigious quantity of snuff, and was plain
and untidy in his dress, perhaps to affectation. For
many years he appeared to take no more exercise than
in walking from his carriage to the sick chamber, and
looked much older than he really was ; but he had a
remarkably keen black eye, which retained its vivacity
long after the effects of disease were visible on his coun
tenance. He moved in the highest rank of his profes-
sion, and though long in indifferent health, continued
to discharge the duties of a very extensive practice up
to the accession of the illness which proved fatal to
him."'"' Dr. Warren's portrait (by John Linnell and
engraved by him), is at the College. It was presented
by his widow in 1837.
EiCHARD Duncan Macintosh, M.D., was born at
Islington, and graduated doctor of medicine at Ediii
burgh 24th Jime, 1799 (D.M.I, de Hominum Yarieta-
tibus earumque Causis). He was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 30th September, 1806, and
practised for several years at Colchester, but eventually
removed to Exeter, and died at Dix's Field, in that
city 2nd August, 1862, in the eighty -ninth year of his
age.
* Medical Gazette, December, 1835.
44 ROLL OF THE [1806
Sir Matthew John Tierney, Bart., M.D., was the
eldest son of John Tierney, esq., of Bally scand land, co.
Limerick, by his wife Mary, daughter of James Gleeson,
esq., of Rathkinnon, in the same county, and was born
the 24th November, 1776. He commenced his medical
education at the United Borough hospitals under the
immediate superintendance of Dr. Saunders and Dr.
Babington. In 1798 he was appointed by the earl of
Berkeley, to whom he had been recently introduced,
surgeon to his lordship's regiment of militia. He
passed the session of 1799-1800, and part of 1801 at
Edinburgh, but then removed to Glasgow, where he
graduated doctor of medicine 22nd April, 1802 (D.M.I,
de Variola Vaccina). He was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 30th September, 1806, and a
Fellow 9th July, 1836. In the summer of 1802 he
settled as a physician at Brighton, where he was pre-
sented by his patron the earl of Berkeley to the Prince
of Wales, who soon afterwards appointed him physician
to his royal highnesses household there. In 1809 he
was appointed physician extraordinary to the Prince of
Wales, and on the 28th January, 1816, physician in
ordinary to the Prince Begent. He was created a
baronet 3rd October, 1818, and in the medical arrange-
ments consequent on the accession of George IV, was
gazetted physician in ordinary to the king. He was
continued in the same high office by William IV, who
on the 7th May, 1831, created him a knight com-
mander of the royal Guelphic order of Hanover. Hav-
ing no issue. Sir Matthew obtained a second patent of
baronetcy dated 5th June, 1834, with remainder to
Edw^ard Tierney, esq., of Dublin, then crown solicitor
for Ireland. Sir Matthew Tierney died at his residence
on the Pavilion parade, Brighton, 28th October, 1845,
in the sixty-eighth year of his age. He was a wa,rm ad-
vocate of vaccination, to the advancement of which he
devoted some of the best energies of a long professional
life. He made the acquaintance of Dr. Jenner in Glou-
cestei-shire in 1798, whilst surgeon to Lord Berkeley's
1806] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 45
regiment of militia, and he carried a practical know-
ledge of vaccination to Edinburgh, where he obtained
the notice of Dr. James Gregory, the distinguished
author of the Conspectus Medicinse Theoreticse, whose
eldest son he vaccinated, and thus gained a stanch
and powerful advocate to the cause. He selected Cow-
pock as the subject of his inaugural essay at Glas-
gow, and on settling at Brighton, he contributed ma-
terially to the formation of a Vaccine institution in
that town — the first that was established out of the
metropolis. Sir Matthew Tierney's only literary effort
was on this, his favourite subject —
Observations on Variola Vaccina, or Cow Pock. 12mo. Brigh-
ton. 1840.
John O'Ryan, M.D., a doctor of medicine of Glas-
gow of 27th April, 1791, was admitted an Extra-Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 16th December, 1806.
He settled at Waterford.
Charles Henry Parry, M.I).,was the son of Caleb
Hillier Parry, M.D., F.R.S., a distinguished physician,
who practised at Bath, and has been mentioned in the
previous volume. After a good general education he
visited Germany, and in company with S. T. Coleridge
and Dr. Clement Carlyon, of Truro, spent a considerable
time at the university of Gottingen, and in numerous
excursions to various parts of Germany and Scandi-
navia. He next proceeded to Edinburgh, where he made
the acquaintance and secured the friendship of Mr.,
afterwards Lord Brougham, with whom he long main-
tained a correspondence. After the usual academic re-
sidence of three years a.t Edinburgh, he graduated doctor
of medicine there 24th June, 1804 (D.M.I, de Synocho
Tropico). Dr. Charles Parry was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 22nd December, 1806, and
settling in his native city, practised there for many
years with reputation and success. He was appointed
physician to the Bath General hospital in 1818, but
46 ROLL OF THE [1807
resigned his office there in 1822. Eventually he retired
from the practice of his profession, and from Bath to
Brighton, where he died 21st January, 1860, but was
buried at Weston, near Bath. Dr. Charles Parry was
an accomplished physician, and devoted his best ener-
gies and some of the best years of his life to the eluci-
dation and confirmation of his father's views, and the
pubHcation of a selection from his numerous papers. We
owe to his pen —
De Grfficamm atque Romanarum Religionum ad Mores forman-
dos vi et efficacia Commentatio. In concert: civium Acad: Greorgise
Augustae die iv Junii 1799 ab ord. Arapliss. Philosoph: loco secundo
victrix pronunciata. Getting 4to. 1799.
On Fever and its Treatment in general, translated from the Ger-
man of G. C. Reich. 8vo. 1801.
Additional Experiments on the Arteries of Warm Blooded Ani-
mals. 8vo. Lond. 1819.
Introductory Essays to Collections from the Unpublished Medi-
cal Writings of the late Caleb Hillier Parry, M.D., &c. Roy. 8vo.
Lond. 1825.
Collections from the Unpublished Medical Writings of the late
Caleb HiUier Parry, M.D., F.R.S., &c. 2 vols. Roy. 8vo. Lond.
1825.
He was the author also of " A Memoir of the Be v.
Joshua Parry," his grandfather, which w^as edited after
his death by Sir J. Eardley Wilmot, Bart.
John Frederic Lampert, M.D., was born in Lon-
don, and graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh
12th September, 1804 (D.M.I, de Frigoris prsestantia in
Typho Curando). He was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 22nd December, 1806.
Henry Reeve, M.D., was born in September, 1780,
and was the second son of Abraham Beeve, esq., of
Hadleigh, in the county of Suffolk, by his wife Eliza-
beth, tlie eldest daughter of Dr. Wallace, rector of
Messing, co. Essex. He had his preliminary education
at Dedham, under Dr. Grimwood, and when sixteen
years of age commenced the study of medicine under
1807J ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 47
Mr. Philip Marfcineau, of Norwich. He proceeded to
Edinburgh in 1800, and during his residence there
became intimate with Francis Horner and Lord Da ere,
and associated with Brougham, Sidney Smith, and
others, who in 1802 originated the Edinburgh Eeview.
He contributed to the early numbers of that Review an
article on Pinels ^' Treatment of the Insane," and a
paper *' On Population." He graduated doctor of
medicine at Edinburgh 24th June, 1803 (D.M.I, de
Aiiimalibus Hieme Sopitis), and then came to London
to continue his medical studies at the Public dispensary
under Dr. Willan and elsewhere.
In 1805, at a time when few Englishmen ventured
on the continent. Dr. Reeve, in company with his friend
and fellow student at Edinburgh, Dr. De Hoches, a
native of Geneva, set off on a tour, and after some
months of wandering found himself at Vienna just as
the campaign which ended at Austerlitz had begun.
He stayed in Vienna until February, 1806, and return-
ing by way of Dresden and BerHn to Hamburgh, reached
England in April. In the course of his travels he saw
Napoleon. *' The morrow of Austeditz he had the good
fortune to be introduced to Haydn, to be present when
Beethoven conducted Fidelio, to hear Humboldt relate
his travels, and Fichte lecture on his philosophy, and to
meet a great number of persons worthy of note at a
time when the continent was thought to be entirely
closed against English travellers." His notes of this
excursion have been recently published by his son,''" and
to the editor s introduction I am indebted for much in
the present sketch.
Dr. Beeve settled as a physician at Norwich in 1806,
and on the 12th February, 1807, was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College of Physicians. He had already
associated himself with Dr. Andrew Duncan of Edin-
burgh, and Dr. Bateman of London, in establishing the
* Journal of a Residence at Vienna and Berlin in the Eventful
Winter of 1805-6, by the late Henry Reeve, M.D. Published by
his son. Lond. 1877.
48 ROLL OF THE [l807
Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, to the pages
of which he was a frequent contributor. In 1809 he
pubHshed an English version, enlarged and improved, of
Kis inaugural exercise, under the title of " An Essay on
the Torpidity of Animals ; " shortly after which he com-
menced a course of physiological lectures to the medical
students at Norwich. He held the appointments of phy-
sician to the Norfolk and Norwich hospital, to Bethel,
and to the Lunatic asylum. His exertions were inde-
fatigable, and were rewarded by a business which was
rapidly increasing till the period when his health, which
for some time had been causing anxiety to himself and
friends, finally gave way. He consulted many profes-
sional friends in London on the nature of the obscure
disease from which he was suffering, and visited, first,
the coast of Sussex, and then Bath. His symptoms
increasing, he retired to his fathers house at Hadleigh,
and within a few days died there 27th September, 1814,
in the thirty-fifth year of his age. The regret which
followed at Norwich was great and universal. His loss
was lamented in private by those who knew his worth,
and by the rich and poor who had experienced his kind-
ness and sympathy in the hour of sickness. Expres-
sions of sorrow and esteem appeared in the public jour-
nals, and the Philosophical society, after a warm eulo-
gium on Dr. Reeve's character, adjourned its meeting.
He is commemorated by the following inscription on a
tablet in the Octagon chapel, Norwich : —
B. M.
Henrici Reeve M.D.
viri
Scientia, ingenio, virtute,
et moribus gratissimis
ornati ;
qui artem suam in hac urbe
feliciter exercebat,
donee acri morbo diuturnoque
implicitus,
aliorum tamen commodis
nihilo segnins inserviens
ipse occnbuit,
1807] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 49
V id Septembr,
Ann. Chris, clo loccc xiiil aet: xxxv
Susanna Conjux ejus
H. M. Honorar. P. 0.
Dr. Reeve, writes his friend, Dr. Bateman, was " pos-
sessed of a vigorous understanding and great acuteness,
he had stored his mind with the riches of hterature and
science, and had highly cultivated his taste. He quickly
appropriated the information which reading, observation,
or the most casual conversation threw in his way, and
as readily brought it into use when occasion required
it. Hence his conversation was various and intelligent,
tempered by a mildness of voice and manner indicative
of gentleness of disposition, yet invariably terse and
animated, with a considerable propensity to humour
where the subject admitted of it. His unvarying cheer-
fulness and benevoleDce gave a charm to every action
of his life ; it extorted the attachment of strangers and
riveted the love of his friends ; for it was uniform and
unchanged under all circumstances, in the privacy of the
domestic circle, in the more general company of friends,
in public meetings, and in the midst of his professional
labours and fatigues, and it continued to a degree truly
remarkable through the whole course of his lingering
and painful illness to the very period of its termina-
tion.'"'^'
John Eobinson, M.D., a doctor of medicine of Edin-
burgh, of 24th June, 1800 (D.M.I, de Uringe Secretione
Suppressa), was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 5th March, 1807.
Robert Buee, M.D., was the son of a medical prac-
titioner in Warwickshire, and was born at Solyhull, in
that county. He received his early education at Coven-
try, was matriculated at University college, Oxford, 6 th
April, 1775, and proceeded A.B. 10th November, 1778,
A.M. 10th July, 1781, M.B. 4th July, 1782, M.D. 12th
July, 1791. Immediately after taking the second de-
* Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, voL xi, p, 261.
VOL. HI. E
50
ROLL OF THE [1807
gree in arts, lie commenced the practice of his profession,
was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians 31st July, 1781, and, settling at Northampton,
was appointed physician to the General infirmary m
that town. After a short stay at Northampton, he was
soUcited by several influential persons to remove to
Leicester. He accepted the invitation, and as soon as
he was settled, was appointed physician to the Leicester
infirmary. Dr. Bree's progress in his new situation was
rapid ; his reputation spread, and ere long he was in the
enjoyment of a large, res})ectable, and lucrative busi-
ness. About this time he was attacked with asthma.
The paroxysms, despite all the measures he adopted,
became so frequent and severe, and were besides so
often induced by cold and the anxiety and fatigue of
business, that after fully considering his prospect, and
the obstacles which his state of health constantly op-
posed to the performance of his duty, he determined to
abandon his profession for a time rather than his hopes
of a perfect cure. He withdrew from practice in 1793,
a,nd in the following year, with the view of avoiding the
tedium of an inactive life, accepted a captain's commis-
sion in a militia regiment. His health, under this change
of circumstances, rapidly improved ; the paroxysms of
asthma became less frequent and less severe, and then
left him altogether — to return, however, with great seve-
rity some thirty years later, and render the latter portion
of his Ufe a period of constant suffering, and at times of
the most agonising distress. In 1796 Dr. Bree settled
at Birmingham, resumed the exercise of his profession,
and in March, 1801, was appointed physician to the
General hospital in that town. While at Birmingham
he published his well-known and valuable treatise, en-
titled—
" APi-actical Inquiry into Disordered Respiration, distinguishing
the species of Convulsive Asthma, their Causes and Indications of
Cure." 8vo.
In this work he embodied the numerous experiments
1807] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 51
in his own case, gave a more full and complete view of
asthma and dyspnoea than had hitherto appeared, and
laid down some important therapeutic rules, the prac-
tical value of which has been universally acknowledged.
This publication established Dr. Bree's reputation, and
led to his being consulted by the duke of Sussex, a
sufferer, like himself, from asthma. By his royal high-
ness's advice, Dr. Bree removed to London. He was
admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 31st
March, 1806, a Fellow 23rd March, 1807, was Censor
in 1810, 1819, 1830, Harveian orator 1827, and was
named an Elect 2nd July, 1830. Dr. Bree withdrew
from practice in 1833, and died at his house in Park-
square, Regent's-park, 6th October, 1839, aged eighty.
Besides the work on asthma above mentioned, which
reached a fifth edition. Dr. Bree was the author of a
small tract, entitled —
Thoughts on Cholera Asphyxia. 8vo. Lond. 1832.
Warner Wright, M.D., was born at Norwich, and
after a sound, preliminary education in his native city,
proceeded to Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of
medicine 25th June, 1798 (D.M.L de Amaurosi). He
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
23rd March, 1807, and a Fellow 30th September, 1836,
Dr. Wright practised at Norwich, where he was uni-
versally esteemed and respected. He was one of the
founders of the Norwich dispensary, and in 1804 was
chosen one of the physicians to the Norfolk and Nor-
wich hospital — an office, the duties of which he per-
formed with exemplary kindness and assiduity for a pe-
riod of thirty-six years, resigning it in 1840. Dr. Wright
was for many years the leading physician in Norwich
and the county of Norfolk. He was visiting physician
to the Norfolk Lunatic asylum and to the Norwich
Bethel, and in 1836 was made a magistrate of the city.
He died at Norwich 5th March, 1845, in his 70th year.
William Gordon, M.D., a native of Sutherland-
E 2
52 ROLL OF THE [1807
shire, and a doctor of medicine of Aberdeen, of 12th
December, 1806, was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 23rd March, 1807.
Egbert Eobinson Watson Robinson, M.D., was
born in Lancashire, and graduated doctor of medicine
at Edinburgh 12th September, 1800 (D.M.L de Vesicae
Urethrseque Morbis). He was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 23rd March, 1807, and
practised for several years at Preston, but eventually
removed to Manchester. He died 21st September,
1866, aged eighty-nine.
James Clarke, M.D., was a doctor of medicine of
Edinburgh, of 24th June, 1802 (D.M.L de Syncope
Angente^ He settled at Nottingham, and in 1804 was
appointed physician to the General hospital in that
town. He was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 10th April, 1807. Dr. Clarke
contributed to the early volumes of the Edinburgh
Medical and Surgical Journal a series of valuable Re-
ports on the Weather and Diseases of Nottingham,
which were continued to 1811, when his health gave
way. He resigned his office at the hospital and re-
moved to Sidmouth, co. Devon, where he practised for
a few years and died in April, 1818.
Patrick Miller, M.D., was born 21st May, 1782,
and was the son of the Rev. Dr. Miller, of Cumnock,
Kilmarnock, by his wife, a daughter of Dr. Matthew
Stewart, professor of mathematics in the college of
Edinburgh. He was educated at Edinburgh under the
immediate direction of his maternal uncle, the cele-
brated Dugald Stewart, and graduated doctor of medi-
cine there on the 12th September, 1804 (D.M.L de
Scarlatina). He was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 10th April, 1807, about which
time he settled as a physician in Exeter; and in 1809
was appointed physician to the Devon and Exeter hos-
1807] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 53
pital. Dr. Miller was elected physician to St. Thoraas's
Lunatic asylum, near Exeter, in 1822. He died at his
residence in Mount Radford, near Exeter, 24th Decem-
ber, 1871, aged eighty-nine, having for many years re-
tired from the practice of his profession.
John Cooke, M.D., was descended from a respectable
family settled at Edith Weston, in Butlandshire, but
was born in Lancashire, and educated at a seminary at
Northampton, founded by the celebrated Dr. Doddridge,
and in high estimation among dissenters. He was ori-
ginally bred to the ministry, and in that capacity was
for a short time at Rochdale and at Preston ; * but he
soon turned his attention to physic, his study of which
was commenced at Guy's hospital, continued at Edin-
burgh, and completed at Leyden, where he proceeded
doctor of medicine (D.M.L de usu Corticis Peruviani in
Morbis non Febrilibus). Settling in London, he was
appointed physician to the General dispensary, and on
the 18th April, 1784, was elected to the more important
office of physician to the London hospital — an institution
which he served with great zeal for more than twenty
years. Upon his resignation in September, 1807, he
received the thanks of all connected with the charity,
accompanied by expressions of their deep regret at his
departure. Dr. Cooke was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 25th June, 1784, and a Fellow
(speciali gratia) 25th June, 1807. He was Censor in
1811, 1820,Croonian lecturer in 1819, 1820, 1821, and
Harveian orator in 1828. He was named an Elect 3rd
January, 1832, but on account of ill-health declined the
office. In 1799, great alarm was occasioned in the city
by the sudden death of two men who had been employed
in landing cotton ; and a suspicion was engendered that
they had imbibed the infection of plague from it. The
fears of the government were excited, and the lord mayor
was directed to order a searching inquiry into the facts
of the case. He applied to Dr. Cooke, who, after a full
* Christian Reformer, N.S., vol. sii, p. 358.
54
ROLL OF THE [1807
investigation, drew np a report which at once tranquil-
lised the public mmd, and showed by the symptoms,
the appearances on dissection, and the collateral cir-
cumstances of those employed along with .the two men
in question, that no such malady could exist as that
which had excited such alarm. Dr. Cooke was one of
the Committee of Fellows appointed to superintend the
publication of the Medical Transactions. He was a fellow
of the Royal and Antiquarian Societies and president of
the Medico-Chirurgical Society in 1822 and 1823.^ He
was an accomplished classical scholar, and a passionate
lover of Homer, his Glasgow edition of which he had
interleaved and enriched with many notes. From de-
clining health he had for some years prior to his death
relinquished all practice, and withdrawn in great mea-
sure from society. Dr. Cooke died from disease of the
bladder, at his house in Gower-street, on the 1st Janu-
ary, 1838. " His manners were those of a gentleman
and a scholar, entirely devoid of pedantry, and marked
by a kind and proper deference for the opinions enter-
tained by others. Independent in every sense of the
word, he was always ready freely to express and man-
fully to maintain his opinions. An enemy to flattery
and little solicitous of popular applause, the course of
study pursued throughout his whole life gave to him a
tone of mind, a clearness of conception, and a consequent
decision of character much to be admired. He mingled
largely in the society of men of all ranks, opinions, and
pursuits, and all have been proud to consider him as
their friend."''^
Dr. Cooke was the author of a learned and justly-
esteemed work — •
A Treatise on Nervous Diseases. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1820.
Charle>s Bankhead, M.D., was born at Antrim, and
received his early education at Londonderry. His pro-
fessional studies were pursued at Edinburgh, where he
* Pctti^'rew's Biograpliical Memoirs of the most celebrated Phy-
bJciaiis aiid Surgeous. Vol. i.
1807] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 55
graduated doctor of medicine 24th June, 1790 (D.M.I.
de Hysteria). E-eturning to Ireland, he was appointed
surgeon to the Londonderry mihtia, then commanded
by the father of the celebrated lord Castlereagh. This
served to introduce him to the notice and patronage of
that noble family, and by their advice he removed to
England. Dr. Bankhead was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 25th June, 1807, and about
that time commenced business at Brighton. On the
24th February, 1816, he was gazetted physician extra-
ordinary to the prince Begent, and about that time re-
moved to London, and in 1821 was appointed physician
extraordinary to the king. Eventually Dr. Bankhead
withdrew to Florence, where he practised many years.
He died 26th November, 1859, in the 92nd year of his
age.
Thomas Bree, M.D., was born in Warwickshire. He
attended the medical classes at Edinburgh in 1788 and
1791, and graduated doctor of medicine at Glasgow 14th
March, 1792. He settled at Stafford, and in 1806 was
appointed physician to the County infirmary in that
town. Dr. Bree was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 25th June, 1807. He resigned his
ofSce at the Staffordshire infirmary in 1812, and even-
tually removed to Hastings. His name is not in the
College List of 1828.
George John Ogilvy, M.D., a native of London,
anda doctor of medicine of Edinburgh, of 24th June, 1804
(D.M.I, de Phthisi Pulmonali), was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1807. He
entered the army, was appointed physician to the forces,
and died in Portugal whilst in the discharge of the du-
ties incident to his office in 1810, aged thirty.
Edward Campbell, M.D., a native of Ireland, who
had studied for the four years from 1787 to 1790 at
Edinburgh, was on the 29th September, 1791, being
56 ROLL OF THE [1807
then twenty-five years of age, entered on the physic
line at Leyden, where he graduated doctor of medicine
5th October, 1792. He was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 25th June, 1807.
Thomas Walshman, M.D., was born in 1750 at Pen-
dleton, in Lancashire, and was educated at the adjacent
town of CHthero, under the Eev. Mr. Sedgwick. He
served an apprenticeship of four years to Mr. Entwisle,
an apothecary of HasHngden, and then came to London
and became a student of the Borough hospitals. He
was admitted in due course a member of the corpora-
tion of Surgeons, and then commenced business as a
general practitioner in South wark, in which capacity he
realised a fortune. He attended the medical classes at
Edinburgh during the two sessions of 1805 and 1806,
graduated doctor of medicine at Aberdeen 23rd April,
1807, and was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians the 25th June following. Dr. Walshman
then settled at Kennington, and was soon largely em-
ployed as a physician in that neighbourhood. He died
2nd April, 1836, aged eighty-six.
EoBERT Barker, M.D., a doctor of medicine of St.
Andrew's, of 7th April, 1806, was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 6th November,
1807. He practised at Chester, and was physician to
the infirmary in that city. He died 19th July, 1808,
aged thirty, and was buried at St. Asaph, but the
memorial of him is in St. John's Church, Chester.
John Eyre, M.D., was born in Yorkshire and edu-
cated at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of me-
dicine 12th September, 1806 (D.M.I, de Vaccina). He
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
22nd December, 1807.
David Uwins, M.D., was born in London in 1780.
After the usual course of instruction at the London hos-
1807] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 59
pitals, he went to Edinburgh, where he graduated doc-
tor ^f medicine 12th September, 1803 (D.M.L de Febre
Continua). He then returned to London, and for a
short time held the appointment of assistant physician
to the Finsbury dispensary ; but an opening for a phy-
sician having presented itself at Aylesbury by the death
of Dr. Kennedy, he removed thither. Dr. Uwins was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 22nd
December, 1807, and after a residence of some years at
Aylesbury, returned to London, where he continued in
the exercise of his profession until his death, which oc-
curred at his house in Bedford-row, on the 22nd Sep-
tember, 1 837, at the age of fifty-seven. Dr. Uwins (wrote
one who knew him well) '"' was of a highly nervous tem-
perament ; a little man with a large head, a long, pale,
and anxious face, and dressed in the true style of the doc-
tor of the last century. He was an amiable and gentle-
manly man, with the highest sense of medical honour
and propriety ; but " was, without question, the worst
speaker, so far as speaking is concerned," writes Mr.
Clarke, ^' I have ever had occasion to report. When he
got up to speak, his mind for a moment would seem to
desert him, and he would stand with his eyes perfectly
closed for half a minute before he could call it back.
Then he would splutter out some admirable remarks on
the subject under discussion, and would sit down appa-
rently overcome with the effort he had made."t Dr.
Uwins' pen was seldom idle. .He contributed some of
the medical articles to Gregory's Encyclopaedia ; a series
of papers to the Monthly Magazine ; and tv/o articles
to the Quarterly Review ; the one on Insanity and Mad-
houses (July, 1816), the other on Vaccination (July,
1818). He also for a time edited the Medical Repo-
sitory. His separate works are —
Modern Medicine. 8vo. 1806.
Cursory Observations on Fever. 8vo. Lond, 1810.
* J. F. Clarke's Autobiographical Recollections of the Medical
Profession. 8vo. Lend. 1874, pp. 234-5.
t Clarke, ut supra.
56 -ROLL OF THE [1808
Modem Maladies, and the present state of Medicine. 8vo. Lond.
1818.
A Compendium of Theoretical and Practical Medicine. 12mo.
Lond. 1825.
A Treatise on those Diseases which are either directly or indi-
rectly connected with Indigestion, comprising a Commentary on the
Principal Ailments of Children. 8vo. Lond. 1827.
A Treatise on those Disorders of the Brain and Nervous System
which are usually considered and called Mental. 8vo. Lond. 1833.
Homoeopathy and AUopathy, or large, small, and atomic doses.
8vo. Lond.
Tempest Coulthurst, M.D., a doctor of medicine of
Aberdeen of 1st January, 1807, was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 5th January,
1808.
Sir Arthur Brooke Faulkner, M.D., was born in
Ireland, and was the youngest son of Hugh Faulkner,
esq., of Castletown, co. Carlo w. After the usual scho-
lastic course, he was entered at Trinity college, Dublin,
where he took the first degree in arts, and then applied
himself to the study of medicine, which he pursued
principally at Edinburgh. In 1805 he was incorporated
at Cambridge on his bachelor s degree, and in the same
year proceeded A.M. as a member of Catherine hall.
He was admitted ad eundem at Trinity coUege, Dublin,
and as a master of arts of Dublin was incorporated at
Oxford, where as a member of Pembroke college he
graduated M.B. 11th July, 1806; M.D. the day fol-
lowing, 12th July, 1806. He was admitted a Candi-
date of the College of Physicians 23rd March, 1807,
and a Fellow 11th April, 1808. He had early entered
the medical department of the army, and passed rapidly
through the different grades of that service until he
attained the rank of physician to the forces. He served
with the army in Spain, Holland, Sicily, and Malta,
and on his return from the island last-named was, on
the 23rd February, 1815, knighted for his services,
when he retired from military life and settled in Chel-
tenham. Sir Arthur Faulkner was one of the physi-
1808] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 59
cians in ordinary to the duke of Sussex. He died at
his residence, Evington, near Cheltenham, 23rd May,
1845, aged sixty-six. He was the author of —
Considerations on the Expediency of Establishing an Hospital
for Officers on Foreign Service. 8vo. 1810.
A Treatise on the Plague, designed to prove it contagions, with
Observations on its Prevention, Character, and Treatment. 8vo.
Lond. 1820.
Rambling Notes and Reflections suggested during a Visit to
Paris in the Winter of 1826-27. 8vo. Lond. 1827.
Reply to some Clerical Observations taken against his Rambling
Notes on the Discipline of the Church, with a Glimpse in passing
at St. James's Hall. 8vo. Lond. 1828.
A Letter addressed to the College of Physicians on their Consti-
tution and Charter ; with prefatory Observations to the Duke of
Wellington. 8vo. Lond. 1829.
A Visit to Germany and the Low Countries in 1829-30-31 and
1833. 2 vols. 12mo. Lond. 1833.
A Letter to Lord Brougham and Vaux, presenting Rambling
Details of a Tour through France, Switzerland, and Italy ; with
some Remarks on Home Politics. 12mo. 1837.
A Letter to the Most Reverend the Archbishop of Canterbury.
8vo. 1840.
George Birkbeck, M.D., was born 10th January,
1776, and was the son of a merchant and banker at
Settle, in Yorkshire. He received his rudimentary
education at a village school in the neighbourhood, and
at a fitting age applied himself to the study of medicine,
which he pursued first at Leeds, and subsequently in
London. He then proceeded to Edinburgh, where he
made the acquaintance and secured the friendship of Lord
Brougham, Horner, JefPrey, and others. He gradu-
ated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh 12th September,
1799 (D.M.L de Sanguine), shortly after which he was
chosen to succeed Dr. Garnet as professor of natural
philosophy in the Andersonian Institution at Glasgow.
He performed the duties of that ofiice to the entire
satisfaction of the trustees, as well as of his numerous
hearers, and he soon instituted a gratuitous course of
philosophical lectures for the especial use of the unedu-
cated classes — persons engaged in the actual exercise
of the mechanical arts, and whose humble station in
GO ROLL or THE [1808
early life had precluded them from the possibility of
acquiring even the rudiments of scientific knowledge.
These lectures abounded in simple but striking experi-
ments, and were delivered in the most familiar language,
so as to adapt them to the taste and capacity of such
an audience. In this way he hoped to rouse a taste
in the uneducated classes, for rational amusement as
well as instruction ; with the additional and almost
necessary effect of weaning them from vicious habits
and frivolous pursuits. Dr. Birkbeck s success in this
great undertaking is said to have been complete, and
it called forth the most grateful acknowledgments from
the parties he thus designed to benefit. In this course
of lectures at Glasgow, we see the germ of that larger
and more complete system of educating the working
classes — Mechanics' Institutions, to which Dr. Birk-
beck devoted the best energies of his life. In 1822 he
assisted in establishing the London Mechanics' Institu-
tion in Chancery-lane, to which he nobly lent three
thousand pounds for the erection of a suitable theatre
for lectures. He was declared president of that institu-
tion, and continued to hold the office till his death.
Dr. Birkbeck quitted Glasgow in 1804, and after
having delivered lectures to large and admiring audi-
ences at Birmingham, Liverpool, and Hull, finally
settled in London in 1805, and on the 11th April, 1808,
'was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians.
Soon after this he was elected physician to the General
dispensary in Aldersgate-street. Of his merits as a
practical physician we know little. Dr. Birkbeck died
Ist December, 1841. " He was simple, unassuming,
and artless in his manners ; of unbounded benevolence,
and inflexible integrity. He was beloved as well as
esteemed by a large circle of private friends ; admired,
respected, and lamented by multitudes of all ranks, who
had profited by his instruction or by his benevolence ;
and, I may add, he was almost adored in his domestic
circle.'"'^ Dr. Birkbeck's portrait has been engraved.
* A Brief Memoir of George Birkbeck, M.D., by Henry Clutter-
buck, M.D. 8vo. Lend. 1842.
1808] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 61
Sir Alexander Morison, M.D., was born 1st May,
1779, at Anchorfield, near Edinburgh. He was at the
High school of Edinburgh, in the same class with Lord
Brougham. He attended for five years the general and
medical classes of the university, and his studies during
that period were directed by Mr, Alexander Wood, who
was long at the head of the surgical profession in Edin-
burgh. He graduated doctor of medicine 12th Sep-
tember, 1799 (D.M.I, de Hydrocephalo Phrenitico).
He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians of Edinburgh in 1800, and a Fellow of that Col-
lege in 1801. After practising for some years in Edin-
burgh, he removed to London, and devoted his atten-
tion particularly to insanity. In 1810 he was appointed
inspecting physician of lunatic asylums in the county
of Surrey, and on the 7th May, 1835, was elected phy-
sician to Bethlehem hospital. He was physician to the
princess Charlotte and to prince Leopold, and he received
the honour of knighthood in 1838. Sir Alexander
Morison was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians of London, 11th April, 1808, and a Fellow
10th July, 1841. For many successive years he de-
livered a course of lectures on mental diseases, and by
them and his writings did much to extend the know-
ledge of this difficult department of practice. Sir Alex-
ander Morison died in the neighbourhood of Edinburgh,
14th March, 1866, aged eighty-seven, and was interred
in the churchyard of Currie. He was the author of —
Outlines of Lectures on Mental Diseases. 8yo. Lond. 1826.
Cases of Mental Disease, with Practical Observations on the
Medical Treatment. 8vo. Lond, and Edin. 1828.
The Physiognomy of Mental Diseases. 8vo. Lond. 1840.
James McDougle, M.D., was born at Berwick-upon-
Tweed, and graduated doctor of medicine at Leyden,
24th June, 1801 (D.M.I, de Phthisi Pulmonali). He
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
11th April, 1808, and died at St. Alban's-place, 7th
62 ROLL OF THE [1808
July, 1843, aged sixty-four, being then a deputy in-
spector-general of army hospitals.
John McMullin, M.D., was bom in Dublin. He
graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh, 24th June,
1805 (D.M.I. de Erythemate Mercuriali), was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 11th April,
1808, and died 17th December, 1849, on his passage
to Austraha, being then deputy inspector-general in
the army medical department.
George Rees, M.D., was a native of Pembrokeshire,
the son of a clergyman in that county. He was for
some years engaged in general practice, but quitting
that department proceeded to Glasgow, and in due
course graduated doctor of medicine there, 28th May,
1807. He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians llth April, 1808. Dr. Eeeswas the founder
of Pembroke house Lunatic asylum, Hackney, on with-
drawing from the management of which he became
medical superintendent of the Cornwall Lunatic asylum
at Bodmin. Pesigning that appointment, he returned
to London, and died at his house in Euston-square, 7th
December, 1846, aged seventy. He was the author of —
A Treatise on the Primary Symptoms of tlie Lues Venerea, with
a Concise Account of the English Writers on that Snbiect. 8vo.
'Lond. 1802.
A Treatise on Diseases of the Uterus. 8vo. Lond. 1805.
Observations on Spasms of the Stomach. 8vo. Lond. 1810.
A Treatise on Hemoptysis or Spitting of Blood. 8vo. Lond
1813.
William Shearman, M.D., was born at Harwich
in January, 1767, and after a good scholastic education
devoted himself to medicine. Eventually he proceeded
to Edinburgh, graduated doctor of medicine there,
12th September, 1807 (D.M.I, de Pneumonia), was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians llth
April, 1808, and commenced business as a physician
in London, but soon removed to Maidstone, whence he
1808] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 63
returned to the metropolis in 1813, and in that year
was appointed physician to the London dispensary, and
in 1816 physician to the infirmary for Children in the
Waterloo-road. Dr. Shearman was elected physician
to the West London infirmary and Lying-in institution
in 1821, and when that institution became the Charing
Cross hospital he was the senior of the medical staff, a
position which he of course retained in the new hos-
pital. To the medical school which was then established
there, Dr. Shearman rendered important service by his
sound and admirable lectures on the theory and prac-
tice of medicine. These were continued by him until
1852, soon after which he withdrew from the duties of
physician to the hospital, became consulting physician
to it, and retired from practice. Dr. Shearman died
21st November, 1861, at the patriarchal age of ninety-
four, and was buried in Highgate cemetery. He was
for a time the editor of the Medical and Physical Journal,
and the author of —
Observations illnstrative of the History and Treatment of Chronic
Debility, the prolific Source of Indigestion, Spasmodic Diseases,
and various Nervous Affections. 8vo.*Lond. 1824
An Essay on the Nature, Causes, and Treatment of Water in the
Brain. 8vo. Lond. 1825.
An Oration delivered before the Medical Society of London. 8vo.
Lond. 1834
An Introductory Lecture to the Medical Classes at the Charing
Cross Hospital. 8vo. Lond. 1834.
Henry T. Snow, M.D., a native of Warwickshu-e
and a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 12th Sep-
tember, 1807 (D.M.I, de Eheumatismo), was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 11th April,
1808.
Thomas Hume, M.D., was born in Dublin, and was
the son of Mr. Gustavus Hume, a distinguished surgeon
in that city. He was educated at Trinity college, Dub-
lin, where he graduated doctor of medicine 19th July,
1803, and on the 6th July, 1804, was incorporated on
64 ROLL OF THE [1808
that degree at Oxford as a member of Uniyersity col-
lege. He was admitted a Candidate of the College of
Physicians 25th June, 1807, a Fellow 25th June, 1808 ;
was Censor in 1814, 1821, 1831 and 1832; and was
declared an Elect 18th January, 1832, Dr. Hume
entered the medical service of the army, and in 1808
proceeded to Portugal as physician to the forces under
the duke of Wellington, then Sir Arthur Wellesley, to
whom he was physician during the whole of that cam-
paign. Peturning to England, Dr. Hume was appointed
in 1809 physician to the Westminster hospital, which
office he resigned in 1811, when he returned to the
Peninsula. He was next appointed by the Commander-
in-Chief physician to the London district, which he held
till the establishment was broken up by the peace of
1815. Dr. Hume, who was physician to the duke of
Cambridge, died at Hanwell 21st October, 1850, aged
eighty-one, and was buried in the family vault of his
wife, the last descendant of the celebrated mathema-
tician Dr. John Wallis.
Peter Kainier, M.D., the son of Daniel Eainier,
esquire, of Sandwich, Kent, was educated at Oriel
college, Oxford, as a member of which he proceeded A.B.
24th October, 1798, A.M. 10th July, 1801, M.B. 17th
July, 1802, and M.D. 6th July, 1805. He was ad-
mitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 25 th
June, 1807, and a Fellow 25th June, 1808. Dr. Eainier
died in Lower Grosvenor-street, 30th October, 1837,
and was buried in the family vault at St. Mary's church,
Sandwich.
Walter Charles Hey wood, M.D. — A doctor of
medicine of Aberdeen, of 21st February, 1799, was ad-
mitted an Extra- Licentiate of the College of Physicians
7th July, 1808, about wdiich time he settled at Bland-
ford, where he practised with considerable success for a
long series of years. He died in November, 1854, aged
eighty-eight, at Kenwith, near Bideford, in the north
1808] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 65
of Devon, a property he had purchased, and to which
he had retired some years previously.
Richard Faber, M.D., was born in Yorkshire, and
educated at Lincoln college, Oxford, where he pro-
ceeded A.B. 24th April, 1799, A.M. 20th April, 1802,
M.B. 18th July, 1806, M.D. 19th July, 1806. He
was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians
30th September, 1807, and a Fellow 30th September,
1808.
Tristram Whitter, M.D., was born in London, but
was descended from an old and respectable family in
Devonshire. He received his early education at Blun-
dell's school, Tiverton, whence he was transferred to
Christ's college, Cambridge, as a member of which he
proceeded M.B. 1800, M.D. 11th February, 1807. In
the interval between his two degrees he studied at St.
Bartholomew's hospital, and passed one year at Edin-
burgh, and another at Gottingen. He was admitted
a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th Septem-
ber, 1807, a Fellow 30th September, 1808, and was
Censor in 1812. Dr. Whitter commenced business at
Worthing, but in 1811 settled in London, and in the
coarse of that year was appointed physician to the
Westminster hospital, an office which he retained until
1818. Eventually he retired to Bath, and died at his
house in Laasdowne-crescent on the 5 th February,
1855, aged eighty-one, from an overdose of morphia, in
sequel to a mistake of the person who compounded the
prescription. The druggist's apprentice, Robert Gane,
was tried for manslaughter at Taunton before Mr.
Justice Erie on the 30th March, 1855, and acquitted.
Clement Hue, M.D., was born at St. Hilier's, in
Jersey, and was the son of a merchant in that town.
He received his scholastic education at Abingdon under
Dr. Lempriere, and was then entered at Pembroke col-
lege, Oxford, of which society he was elected a fellow
VOL. III. F
6G ROLL OF THE [1808
on king Charles's foundation. He proceeded A.B. 6th
March, 1801, A.M. 13th June, 1803, M.B. 19th April,
1804, and M.D. 12th February, 1807. He was ad-
mitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th
September, 1807, and a Fellow 30th September, 1808 ;
was Censor in 1812 ; Eegistrar from 1815 to February
4th, 1824; Harveian orator 1829; Elect 13th April,
1835 : Consiliarius 1836. Dr. Hue had been for many
years the lecturer on chemistry, materia medica, and
the practice of medicine at St. Bartholomew's hospital,
when on the 23rd May, 1823, he was elected physician
to that institution, an office which he retained for more
than forty years. He also held the appointment of
physician to the Foundling hospital from 1815 to 1837,
and in 1824 was appointed to succeed Dr. Hervey
as registrar of the National Vaccine establishment,
which office he retained till his death. Dr. Hue died
23rcl June, 1861, aged eighty-two, and is commemo-
rated by the following inscription in the Foundling
chapel : —
Sacred to the memory of
Clement Hue,
Physician to St. Bartholomew's and Christ's Hospitals ;
formerly Physician, and afterwards
for many years a Governor and Vice-President
of this charity, a zealous promoter
of its benevolent objects, and a kind friend
at all times
to the children here maintained and educated.
He died June 23rd, 1861, aged 82 years.
Also to the memory of Lucy his wife.
She died March 8th, 1851, aged ^1 years.
John Maccullock, M.D., was born in the Isle of
Sarn, and received his medical education at Edinburgh,
where he graduated doctor of medicine 12th September,
1793 (D.M.I, de Electricitate). He was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th September,
1808. Dr. Maccullock was a person of literary taste,
of extensive scientific attainments, and a voluminous
writer. He was a good geologist ; he made malaria
and its consequences his especial medical study, and in
1808]
ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 67
his two treatises, the one on Malaria the other on Re-
mittent and Intermittent Fevers, has brought together
such an amount of curious and instructive information
as has rarely been collected on anyone medical subject.
Dr. Macculiock was one of the physicians to Prince Leo-
pold of Saxe-Cobourg. At the time of his death, which
occurred at Poltair, near Penzance, the residence of
Captain Giddy, E.N., on the 20th August, 1835; he
had been but recently married, and was on his wedding
tour ; when he met with the accident, a broken leg
received in falling from his carriage, which caused his
death. Dr. Macculiock was the author of —
A System of Geology, with a Theory of the Earth, and an Ex-
planation of its Connection with the Sacred Records. 2 vols. 8vo.
A Geological Classification of Rocks, with descriptive Synopses
of the Species and Varieties, compiising Elements of Practical
Geology. 8vo.
The Highlands and Western Isles of Scotland, containing descrip-
1 ions of their Scenery and Antiquities ; with an account of the
Political History and ancient manners, and of the origin, language,
agriculture, economy, music, condition of the people, &c. Founded
on a Series of Annual Journeys between the years 1811 and 1821,
in Letters to Sir Waiter Scott, Bart. 4 vols. 8vo.
Malaria : an Essay on the production and propagation of this
Poison, and on the nature and localities of the places by which it
is produced. 8vo. Lond. 1827.
An Essay on the Remittent and Intermittent Diseases, including
generally Marsh Fevers and Neuralgia ; comprising under the
former, various Anomalies, Obscurities, and Consequences, and,
under the latter, treating of Tic Douloureux, Sciatica, Headache,
Ophthalmia, Toothache, Palsy, and other modes and consequences of
^ this Generic Disease. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1828.
Remarks on the art of making Wine, with suggestions for the
application of its Principle to the improvement of Domestic Wines.
12mo. Lond. 1816.
A Description of the Western Islands of Scotland, including the
Isle of Man : comprising an account of their Geological Structure,
with Remarks on their agricultural scenery and antiquities. 3 vols.
8vo. Lond. 1819.
Proofs and Illustrations of the Attributes of God from the facts
and laws of the Physical Universe, being the foundation of Natural
and Revealed Religion. 3 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1837. (A posthumous
work.)
John Ford Davis, M.D., was born at Bath and edu-
F 2
68 ROLL OF THE [1808
cated at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of me-
dicine 24th June, 1797 (D.M.L de Contagio). He was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th
September, 1808, and settled in his native city. He
was elected physician to the Bath General hospital in
1817, and resigned that office in 1834. He died at the
Eoyal-crescent, Bath, 1st January, 1864, aged ninety-
one. He was the author of —
An Inquiry into the Symptoms and Treatment of Carditis. 12mo.
Bath, 1808.
Christopher Cooper, M.D., was a son of Benjamin
Cooper, esquire, of Sleaford, co. Lincoln, by his first wife,
Anne, daughter and heiress of Robert Caudron, esquire,
of Great Hale, and a grand -daughter of Sir Charles
Dymoke, of Scrivelsby.'"' He graduated doctor of medi-
cine at Glasgow 2nd April, 1799 (D.M.I. de Cynanche
MaHgna), was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 30th September, 1808, and, settling at Dor-
chester, CO. Dorset, practised there with much reputa-
tion. He died in that town, generally esteemed and
lamented, on the 30th July, 1842, aged sixty-nine.
Alexander Egbert Sutherland, M.D., was of
Scotch extraction, but was born in Westminster, where
his father was in extensive and respectable business as
an apothecary. He was educated at St. Peter's, West-
minster, but was not on the foundation. His medical
studies were pursued chiefly at Edinburgh, where he
graduated doctor of medicine 12th September, 1805
(D.M.L de Contagione). He was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 30th September, 1808,
and in 1811 was elected physician to St. Luke's hos-
pital. Thenceforward he limited his practice to the
treatment of insanity, and in that department acquired
a high and well-merited reputation. Dr. Sutherland
was admitted a Fellow of the College of Physicians 9th
July, 1836. He resigned his office at St. Luke's hos-
* Gen. Mag. for February, 1829, pp. 177—8.
1808 J ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 69
pital in 1841, and shortly afterwards relinquished his
practice to his son, Alexander John Sutherland, M.D.,
when he withdrew to Torquay, where he died 24th
May, 1861, in the eightieth year of his age.
Thomas Gray, M.D., a native of Edinburgh and a
doctor of medicine of Aberdeen, of 7th April, 1800, was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 22nd
December, 1808. He was an army physician, and at
the time of his death, which occurred at Aranjuez 6th
October, 1812, was deputy inspector of hospitals.
Alexander Henderson, M.D., w^as born in 1780, in
Aberdeenshire, where he received the rudiments of his
general education. He then removed to Edinburgh and
graduated doctor of medicine there 12th September,
1803 (D.M.L de Modo, quo Musculi, Cerebrum atque
Nervi, Respiratione afficiuntur). Dr. Henderson was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 22nd
December, 1808, and then settled in London. He ap-
plied himself to literature, and contributed to some of
the best publications of the time ; among others, to the
Encyclopsedia Britannica and the Edinburgh Review.
He died at Caskieben, Aberdeenshire, 1 6th September,
1863, aged eighty-three. He was the author of —
A Sketcli of the Revolutions of Medical Science, and Views re-
lating to its Reform bj P. J, G. Cabanis, translated from the French.
8vo. Lond. 1806.
An Examination of the Imposture of Ann Moore, the fasting
woman of Tutbury. 8vo. Lond. 1813.
The History of Ancient and Modern Wines. 4to. Lond. 1824.
Henry Edgeworth, M.D., was born in Ireland and
graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh 12th Sep-
tember, 1806 (D.M.L de Exercitatione). He was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 22nd
December, 1808, and settled in Dover-street; but his
health giving way, he retired to Bristol, and died there
on the 30th April, 1813.
Charles Whittell, M.D., a native of Cheshire, who
70 • ROLL OF THE [1808
graduated doctor of medicine at Glasgow 2nd May,
1808, was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians the 22nd of December following. He settled at
Chester, and in 1814 was appointed physician to the
infirmary in that city.
Edwin Godden Jones, M.D., was born in Hamp-
shire, and received his medical education at Edinburgh,
where he graduated doctor of medicine 24th June, 1808
(D.MJ. de Pneumonia). He was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 22nd December, 1808,
shortly after which he accepted the office of domestic
physician to Mr. Crawford, of Achenhaimes, a person of
large fortune and a martyr to the gout. In the course
of his travels with that gentleman, Dr. Jones met with
the Eau Medicinal e of M. Husson, which he tried on
Mr. Crawford, and with such marked benefit, that on
his return to London he published " An Account of the
Remarkable Effects of the Eau Medicinale d'Husson in
the Gout," 8vo., Lond., a work which attracted imme-
diate attention, and led the way to a very general use
of colchicum in that disease. Dr. Jones was for some
years physician to queen Charlotte's Lying-in hospital,
and was one of the physicians to the duke of York. He
died at Swathling Grange 31st January, 1842, being at
that time a justice of the peace and deputy lieutenant
for the county of Hants.
Sir Joseph de Courcy Laffan, Bart., M.D., was a
son of Walter Laffan, Esq., of Cashel, by his wife Eleo-
nora, daughter and co-heiress of Eichard de Courcy,
Esq., through whom he was connected with the noble
family of De Courcy, viscounts Kinsale. After a good
classical education he was sent to Edinburgh, where he
graduated doctor of medicine 24th June, 1808 (D.M.I.
de Digital!). He was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 22nd December, 1808, when he
commenced business in Orchard -street, Portman -square,
but in 1812 entered the army, and was appointed phy-
1809] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 71
siclan to the forces, and eventually physician in ordinary
to the duke of Kent. He served in Spain and Portugal,
and at the termination of the war settled at Rochester,
where he continued until disabled by disease. He was
created a baronet by patent, dated 15th March, 1828,
and in 1836 was created a knight of the Hanoverian
Guelphic order. Sir Joseph Laffan died at Vichy, 7th
July, 1848, in the sixty- second year of his age. His
body was brought to Rochester and interred in a vault
in St. Margaret's church.
Peter Mark Roget, M.D., was born in London, a,t
Broad-street, Soho, 18th January, 1779, and was the
son of the Rev. John Roget, a native of Geneva, who
had settled in this country, and was minister of the
French church in Threadneedle-street, by his wife
Catherine, a sister of Sir Samuel Romilly. He was
educated at Kensington, and then at Edinburgh, whither
his widowed mother and an only sister accompanied
him in 1793. For two years he attended the general
classes in the college, and then applied himself to medi-
cine. He graduated doctor of medicine there 25th June,
1798 (D.M.I, de Chemicse Affinitatis legibus), being
then only nineteen years of age. Soon after this he
returned to London and continued his studies under
Dr. Willan at the Public dispensary, and at St. George's
hospital, and by attendance on the lectures of Dr. Baillie,
Mr. Cruikshank, Mr. Wilson, and others. In 1802
Dr. Roget proceeded to the continent in charge of the
two sons of a wealthy Manchester merchant, and on
the sudden rupture of the peace of Amiens, being at
Geneva (at that time considered a part of France), was
detained a prisoner there on parole. Pleading his rights
as a citizen of Geneva in virtue of his descent from
Genevese ancestors, he was liberated, and after a long
detour reached England in November, 1802. The fol-
lowiDg year Dr. Roget accepted the office of domestic
physician to the marquis of Lansdowne, whom he at-
tended to Harrogate and Bath. In 1804 he settled at
72 llOLL OF THE [1809
Manchester, where a vacancy for a physician had been
left by the death of Dr. Percival. Dr. Roget was imme-
diately appointed physician to the infirmary of that
town. From the first he took a prominent part in all
matters of a scientific or literary character, and w^as an
active member of the Philosophical and Literary Society,
of which he was soon nominated a vice-president. Dr.
Eoget, in conjunction with Mr. Gibson and Mr. Hut-
chinson, his colleagues at the infirmary, gave a. course
of lectures on anatomy and physiology, and thus laid
the foundation of the medical school at Manchester.
The portion of the course given by Dr. Eoget comprised
comparative anatomy and physiology, a subject then
but little studied, and the importance of which was
recognised only by a few persons. These lectures in a
popular form he delivered to large and respectable au-
diences the following winter at the rooms of the Philo-
sophical Society. Dr. Eoget quitted Manchester in
1808, and settled in London. He was admitted a Li-
centiate of the College of Physicians 27th March, 1809 ;
a Fellow 24th June, 1831 ; he was Gulstonian lecturer
in 1832, and Censor in 1834. Dr. Eoget pursued a
similar course in London to what he had done at Man-
chester. He delivered popular and interesting courses
of lectures at the Eussell, the London, and the Eoyal
institutions, at the last-named of which he was the first
appointed FuUerian professor of physiology, being nomi-
nated to that chair by the founder himself, Mr. John
Fuller. He also delivered several courses of lectures on
the theory and practice of medicine at the Windmill-
street school, where he had as his colleagues Sir Charles
Bell, Sir Benjamin Brodie, Mr. Brande, and other lead-
ing men of science. In 1823 he was appointed by the
government, in conjunction with Dr. P. M. Latham, to
take charge of the medical treatment of the inmates of
the general penitentiary at Millbank, then sufiering se-
verely from an epidemic scurvy and dysentery.
^ Dr. Eoget had been elected a fellow of the Eoyal
Society in 1814, and he was selected in 1827 to succeed
1809] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 73
Sir John Herschel in the office of secretary of that dis-
tinguished body. Thenceforward his life and pursuits
were rather those of a savant than of a practising phy-
sician. He wrote much, and what he wrote he did well.
He contributed to the Cyclopaedia of Practical Medicine
the two elegant essays on Age and Asphyxia ; to the
Library of Useful Knowledge the series of treatises
on Electricity, Galvanism, Magnetism, and Electro-mag-
netism ; he had contributed several articles to Eees's
Cyclopaedia, as he did, also, to the sixth and seventh
editions of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, and as specially
deserving of mention among these, those on " Physi-
ology " and " Phrenology," which were subsequently
reprinted and published in Edinburgh in two volumes
12rao. 1838. Dr. Roget was one of the eight persons
selected to write the Bridgewater Treatises, and in his
"Animal and Vegetable Physiology considered with
reference to Natural Theology," 2 vols., 8vo., Lond., he
produced a work second in value to none of the series.
*' It will bear comparison with any of the Bridgewater
Treatises, whether in reference to the science and learn-
ing displayed, or to the acuteness and sobriety of their
argument, or the tone of piety and religious feeling in.
which they are composed."''"' But the work on which
Dr. Roget's fame with posterity will chiefly rest is
his —
Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases, classified and arranged
so as to facilitate the expression of Ideas and assist in Literary Com-
position. 8vo. Lond. 1852.
The Thesaurus — opus quinquaginta annorum — was
intended to supply with respect to the English language
a desideratum heretofore unsupplied in any language ;
namely, a collection of the words it contains and of the
idiomatic combinations peculiar to it, arranged not in
alphabetical order as they are in a dictionary, but
according to the ideas which they express. The pur-
pose of an ordinary dictionary is simply to explain the
* Edinburgh Review.
74 ROLL OF THE [1809
meaning of words ; and the problem, of which it pro-
fesses to furnish the solution, may be stated thus : —
the word being given, to find its signification, or the
idea it is intended to convey. The object aimed at in
the Thesaurus is exactly the converse of this, namely,
the idea being given, to find the word or v^ords by
which that idea may be most fitly and aptly expressed.
The work was a,s happily conceived as it was ably
executed. Its utility to the student, and especially to
the writer of English, can scarcely be over-estimated.
It has proved one of the most successful publications of
modern times. The first edition appeared in 1852, the
thirty-third edition in 1875.
Dr. Roget resigned his office of secretary to the Royal
Society in 1848, and with the publication of the The-
saurus in 1852 his public career may be said to have
closed. " An increasing deafness excluded him to a, great
extent from the pleasures of social intercourse. This in-
firmity, which was almost the only sign of his great age,
he bore with patience and resignation. He had survived
all the friends of his youth and most of those of his man-
hood, but he was happy in the possession of mental re-
sources, which enabled him to indulge, even to his last
day, the habits of constant industry which he had ac-
quired when a boy. As with increasing age he became
less inclined for, and at last less capable of deep study or
long sustained thought, his employments partook more
of the nature of pastimes ; but both in his selection and
pursuit of these there might still be traced the scientific
turn of thought and philosophical love of method w^hich
had characterised the main achievements of his life. The
engines he had forged to store his mind were now em-
ployed to entertain his leisure. ""' Dr. Roget died, after
a few days' illness, at West Malvern, on the 12th Sep-
tember, 1869, in the ninety-first year of his age.
Edmund Lockyer, M.D., the son of Edmund Lock-
yer, esq., of Plymouth, J.P. and D.L. of the county of
♦ Proceedings of Roy. Soc. of Lend., vol. xviii, p. 38.
1809] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 75
Devon, by his wife Eleanor, daughter of Francis Pen-
rose, esq., of Durian, co. Cornwall, was born 28th
October, 1782, at Plymouth, the scene of his brief pro-
fessional career. After a good preliminary edacation
he proceeded to Edinburgh, where he applied himself
with great enthusiasm to the study of botany, che-
mistry, and geology, the latter of w^hich sciences became
a passion with him rather than a mpre amusement, and
in it, had his life been spared, he would probably have
ranked among discoverers. He graduated doctor of
medicine at Edinburgh 24th June, 1805 (D.M.I, de
Chorea), and then removed to London, where he at-
tended hospital practice and dissections. Dr. Lockyer
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
27th March, 1809, immediately after which he returned
to his native town, where his abilities, varied attain-
ments, and family connections opened to him a prospect
of much professional success. In 1810, when only
twenty-eight years of age, he was elected mayor of
Plymouth, and in 1813 and 1815, was vice-president
of the Plymouth Philosophical Institution. In each of
these years he delivered a short course of lectures at
the institution — the first on mineralogy, the last on
geology. Of the latter course two lectures only were
delivered, and in November Dr. Lockyer requested, on
account of ill health, to be excused the remainder of
his course. Shortly after this he became suddenly in-
coherent at a meeting of the Medical Society, and was
never again able to attend to business. He had fre-
quent attacks of mental excitement, and died of ab-
scess in the brain on the 2nd December, 1816, aged
thirty-four.
James Gasking, M.D., was born in 1756, and edu-
cated as a surgeon, in which capacity, after becoming a
member of the corporation of Surgeons of London, he
commenced his professional career at Plymouth. Hav-
ing, in the course of eight or ten years realised a small
competency, he determined to extend his studies and
76 ROLL OF THE [1809
qualify himself for a physician. With this view he
proceeded to Leyden, where he graduated doctor of
medicine 10th June, 1789, and then returned to Ply-
mouth to establish himself in his new position. At a
subsequent period, with a view to further improvement,
Dr. Gasking passed a winter session at Edinburgh, and
once more returning to Plymouth, continued thence-
forward in the active exercise of his profession to the
last. He was admitted a Fellow of the Edinburgh
College of Physicians 2nd February, 1796, and an
Extra- Licentiate of the College of Physicians of Lon-
don 2nd June, 1809. Dr. Gasking died in 1817,
aged sixty-one, and was buried in St. Andrew's church,
Plymouth.
EoBERT Anderson, M.D., a doctor of medicine of
the university of Aberdeen, was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 15th June,
1809.
EoBERT BuRGOYNE ToMKiNS, M.D., a native of Scot-
land, and a doctor of medicine of St. Andrew's of 29th
March, 1782, was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians 2Gth June, 1809.
Joseph Adams, M.D., was the youngest son of a
respectable apothecary in Basin ghall-street, and was
born in 1756. After an apprenticeship to his father
he entered to the practice of St. Bartholomew's hospital,
and attended the lectures of John Hunter, Mr. Pott,
and Dr. William Saunders. He then commenced busi-
ness as an apothecary, in the city, but the duties of
such an office were distasteful to his feelings, and hav-
ing obtained a diploma from Aberdeen dated 27th
February, 1796, creating him doctor of medicine, he
was induced, on the recommendation of Dr. Saunders,
to settle at Madeira as a physician. Previously thereto
he presented himself at the College of Physicians, and
was admitted an Extra-Licentiate 17th March, 1796.
1809] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 11
His success at Madeira was equal to his most sanguine
expectations. He remained there some years, and re-
turning to England and settling in London, was elected
on the 23rd April, 1805, physician to the Small Pox
hospital. For this office he was peculiarly fitted by his
former studies. Morbid poisons had been the chief
subject of his investigations, and he had been from the
first a warm advocate of vaccination. Dr. Adams was
admitted a Licentiate of the (College of Physicians 26th
June, 1809 ; and died from the effects of a broken leg
on the 20th June, 1818, in the sixty-second year of his
age. He was buried with his ancestors in Bunhill-
fields with the simple motto, " Yir Justus et bonus."
He was the author of —
Observations on Morbid Poisons, Phagedena, and Cancer. 8vo.
Lond. 1795.
Observations on tbe Cancerous Breast. 8vo. Lond. 1801.
A Guide to the Island of Madeira; with, an account of Funchal,
and instructions to those who resort thither for their Health. 8vo.
Lond. 1801.
An Account of the Lazaretto in Madeira, and on Leprosy. 4to.
Answer to the Objections hitherto made against the Cowpox.
«vo. Lond. 1805.
A Popular Yiew of Vaccine Inoculation with the Practical Mode
of Conducting it : showing the Analogy between the Smallpox and
Cowpox, and the Advantages of the latter. 12mo. Lond. 1807.
An Inquiry into Epidemics ; with Remarks on the Plans lately
proposed for exterminating the Smallpox. 8vo. Lond. 1809.
Reports from the Royal Colleges of the United Kingdom in
favour of Vaccination. 8vo. Lond. 1811.
Syllabus of a Course of Lectures on the Institutes and Practice
of Medicine. 8vo. Lond. 1811.
A Philosophical Dissertation on Hereditary Peculiarities of the
Human Constitution. 8vo. Lond. 1814.
An Illustration of Mr. Hunter's Doctrine concerning the Life of
the Blood : in answer to the Edinburgh Reviewers. 8vo. Lond.
1814.
Memoirs of the Life and Doctrines of the late John Hunter, esq.
8vo. Lond. 1816.
Alexander Lawlor, M.D., was born in the county
of Kerry. He graduated doctor of medicine at Edin-
burgh 12th September, 1801 (D.M.I, de Febribus In-
78 ROLL OF THE [1809
termittentibus), and was admitted a Licentiate of the
CoUege of Physicians 26th June, 1809.
John Macleod, M.D., was born in Inverness-shire
and educated at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor
of medicine 12th September, 1805 (D.M.I, de Syphi-
lide Insontium). He was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 26th June, 1809, and died on
board the " Chapman " transport ship in Portsmouth
harbour towards the end of 1810. Dr. Macleod was
one of the physicians on the staff of the British army
in Portugal.
Thomas Hancock, M.D., was born in the county of
Antrim, and received his general education at a school
in the north of England, after which he served an
apprenticeship to a surgeon apothecary at Waterford,
and then proceeded to Edinburgh, where he graduated
doctor of medicine 24th June, 1806 (D.M.I. de Morbis
Epidemicis). He was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 26th June, 1809, when he settled
in the city of London. Dr. Hancock was a member of.
the society of Friends, and was implicitly trusted by
them. Eventually he left London for Liverpool, and
this for Lisburn, in Ireland, where he died of disease of
the heart 16th April, 1849. Dr. Hancock was the
author of —
Researches into the Laws and Phenomena of Pestilence, includ-
ing a Medical Sketch and Review of the Plague of London in 1665,
and Remarks on Quarantine. 8vo. Lond. 1821.
An Essay on Instinct and its Physical and Moral Relations. 8vo.
Lond. 1824.
The Principles of Peace exemplified in the Conduct of the Society
of Friends in Ireland during the Rebellion of the year 1798. 8vo
Lond. 1825.
On the Laws and Progress of Epidemic Cholera. 8vo. Lond.
1832.
A Defence of the Doctrines of Immediate Revelation and Uni-
versal and Saving Light, in Reply to some Remarks contained in a
Work entitled " A Beacon to the Society of Friends." 12mo.
Liverpool. 1835.
1809] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 79
John Plenderleath, M.D., a native of Scotland,
and a doctor of medicine of St. Andrew's of 4th June,
1808, was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians 26th June, 1809. He was physician to the forces,
and died at Coimbra of typhus fever 18 th July, 1811.
John Bright, M.D., was born in Derbyshire, and
educated at Wadham college, Oxford, as a member of
which house he proceeded A.B. 15th June, 1801, A.M.
28th June, 1804, M.B. 19th March, 1806, and M.D.
30th June, 1808. He commenced the practice of his
profession at Birmingham, and in 1810 was appointed
physician to the General hospital in that town, an
office which he relinquished the following year. Soon
after this he removed to London. Dr. Bright was ad-
mitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th
September, 1808 ; and a Fellow 30th September, 1809 ;
he was Censorin 1813, 1822, 1833, 1840; Harveian
orator in 1830 ; Consiliarius 1839, and was named an
Elect 25th June, 1839. Dr. Bright was physician to
the Westminster hospital from 1822 to 1843, and on
the 1st September, 1836, was appointed a Metropolitan
Commissioner in Lunacy. He died 1st February, 1870,
aged eighty-seven.
John Kay Booth, M.D., was born in Yorkshire, and
received his medical education at Edinburgh, where he
graduated doctor of medicine 24th June, 1805 (D.M.L
de Arthritide). He was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 30th September, 1809, and shortly
afterwards settled at Birminghamj and in 1812 was
elected physician to the General hospital in that town.
He took a lively interest in the establishment and pros-
perity of Queen's college and the Queen s hospital, Bir-
mingham, to both of which institutions he allied him-
self, being for a time physician to the latter and principal
of the former in 1856. Dr. Booth died at Ecclesfield
14th January, 1859, aged eighty ; being then a justice
of the peace for the West Riding.
80 EOLL OF THE [1809
Thomas Young, M.D., the marvel of his age, was
born of Quaker parents at Milverton, in Somersetshire,
on the 13th June, 1773. His school education was
conducted on no definite plan, and to it he was but
little indebted. His untiring industry, quickness, and
keenness of perception and very letentive memory were
early manifested. While yet a mere lad, his acquire-
ments had begun to excite considerable attention among
his relatives and others, and his parents had already
begun to think seriously of the line of life which might
be most advantageously taken by a youth of such un-
common promise. Nothing definite however, was de-
cided on, and he passed five years in the house of Mr.
David Barclay, of Youngsbury, as companion and classi-
cal tutor to his grandson, Mr. Hudson Gurney. The
period spent at Youngsbury, from 1787 to 1792, was
considered by Dr. Young as the most profitable in his
life with respect both to mental and moral cultivation
and improvement. Even at this early age his attain-
ments as a linguist and philologist were remarkable.
To a thorough knowledge of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew
was added Chaldee, Arabic, Syriac, Persian, and Sama-
ritan ; French, Italian, and Spanish, and somewhat
later German. In 1791, when but eighteen years of
age, he was admitted to the society of Person, Dr.
Burney, and our own Sir George Baker, and even then
was able to enter the lists with these distinguished
scholars on the niceties of Greek composition and to
contend with them on no unequal terms. He had also
applied with success to mathematics, natural philo-
sophy, botany, and entomology. The mastership he
obtained of such a multiphcity of subjects seems in
part due to the fact that he studied nothing hastily or
cursorily. His memory both of facts and of words was
singularly tenacious, aud whatever he had once mas-
tered he never forgot. Whatever book he began to
read he read completely and deliberately through, what-
ever study he commenced he never abandoned, and it
was by steadily keeping to this principle— a most ira-
1809] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 81
portant one in education — that he was accustomed in
after hfe to attribute a great part of his success both
as a scholar and man of science. In 1792, on the re-
commendation of his uncle, Dr. Richard Brocklesby,
who had given him reason to expect the reversion of
such a portion of his fortune as would secure him a
moderate independence, he applied himself to the study
of medicine. He attended the lectures of John Hunter,
Mr. Cruikshanks, and Dr. Baillie on anatomy, and
somewhat later those of Sir Alexander Crichton, Dr.
John Latham, Dr. John Clarke, and Sir J. E. Smith.
In May, 1793, a paper from his pen on Vision was read
at the Hoyal Society and published in the Transactions
for that year; and on the 19th June, 1794, being then
just twenty-one years of age, he was elected a fellow of
the society. In the autumn of 1794 he went to Edin-
burgh to continue his medical studies, and there he
abandoned his connection with the Society of Friends.
The following year he went to Gottingen, where, after
a six months' residence, he graduated doctor of medi-
cine 16th July, 1796 (D.M.L de Corporis Humani Yiri-
bus Conservatricibus). Dr. Young then returned to
England and almost immediately afterwards was ad-
mitted a fellow commoner of Emmanuel college, Cam-
bridge. His reputation as a scholar and philosopher
had preceded him, and from the first he was exempted
from the common duties of the college. He associated
but little with the young men there, who called him,
with a mixture of derision and respect, " Phenomenon
Young;'' but he lived on familiar terms with the fel-
lows in the common room. In 1801 he was appointed
professor of Natural Philosophy at the Poyai Institu-
tion, and as such delivered those remarkable lectures,
which he published in two volumes quarto with the
title " A Course of Lectures on Natural Philosophy
and the Mechanical Arts." " They form altogether,'*
says Dr. Peacock, " the most comprehensive system
of natural philosophy, and of what the French call
physics, that has ever been published in this country ;
VOL. III. G
82 ROLL OF THE [1809
equally remarkable for precision and accuracy in the
enunciation of the vast multitude of propositions and
facts which they contain, for the boldness with which
they enter upon the discussion of the most abstruse
and difficult subjects and for the addition or sugges-
tion of new matter or new views in almost every depart-
ment of philosophy." But Young, by his own admis-
sion, was not adapted for a popular lecturer, and he re-
signed his professorship at the end of two years. His
style was too compressed and laconic, and he had not
sufficient knowledge of the intellectual habits of other
men to address himself prominently to those points of
a subject where their difficulties were likely to occur.
In the year 1802 he was appointed Foreign Secretary
to the Eoyal Society, an office which he held for the
remainder of his life, and for which he was well quali-
fied by his knowledge of the principal European lan-
guages.
He proceeded M.B. at Cambridge in 1803, M.D. 2nd
July, 1808, was admitted a Candidate of the College
of Physicians 30th September, 1808, and a FeUow
22nd December, 1809. He was Censor in 18 J 3, 1823,
and Croonian lecturer in 1822 and 1823. On the 24th
January, 1811, Dr. Young was elected physician to
St. George's hospital, an office which he only vacated
by death. He did not shine at the bed-side or in the
practical work of his profession, and was but little fol-
lowed by pupils in the wards. His colleagues and con-
temporaries failed to discover that success and excel-
lence in his treatment of disease which his biographer.
Dr. Peacock, would claim for him. " The truth is," as
Sir Benjamin Brodie observes, " that either his mind,
from it having been so long trained by the study of the
more exact sciences, was not fitted for the profession
which he had chosen, or that it was so much engrossed
by other and, to him, more interesting pm^suits, that he
never bestowed on it that constant and patient atten-
tion without which no one can be a great physician.""^''
* Autobiography of Sir Benjamin Brodie, Bart., prefixed to his
Works, in three vols., 8vo., by Charles Hawkins. Vol. i, p. 92.
1809] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 83
Dr, Young was deeply read in the literature of his pro-
fession, as his two medical works, the " Introduction
to Medical Literature " and the *' Treatise on Con-
sumptive Diseases," sufficiently testify ; but these are
little more than compilations from books, without any
indications of original research. But of Dr. Young's
extraordinary attainments in literature and science
there can be no doubt : his name stands prominently
forward as a philosopher of almost universal attain-
ments. The researches by which he first distinguished
himself were those on physical optics, which were com-
municated to the Eoyal Society in 1801, 2, and 3,
and led to the undulatory theory of light. " This
theory for a long time," writes Dr. Whewell, " made
few proselytes, and several years afterwards, Auguste
Fresnel, an eminent French mathematician, took up
similar views, proved their truth and traced their con-
sequences by a series of labours almost independent of
Dr. Young. It was not till the theory was thus re-
echoed from another land that it was able to take
any strong hold on the attention of the countrymen
of its earliest promulgator."'"' His contributions to our
knowledge of the cohesion of fluids, of chromatics, and
of the theory of the tides followed, and are only less
important than his contributions to the science of light
and optics,
Dr. Young's philological attainments were no less
remarkable. His contributions to the Quarterly Re-
view on this subject were numerous and important.
Those on the Herculanensia ; the Mithridates of Ade-
lung ; the Hermes Scythicus of Jameison ; and on the
Eev. J. Townshend's work on the veracity of Moses as
a Historian ; are especially noteworthy. The varied
information contained in them was subsequently incor-
porated with much original matter into the essay under
the title of ^' Languages," contributed by him in the
Supplement to the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Herein
Dr. Young's characteristics fully appeared. He loved
* Wbewell's History of the Inductive Sciences. VoL ii, p. 402.
G 2
84 ROLL OF THE [1809
to grapple with difficult problems in literature not less
than in science. A corrupt passage to be restored, a
mutilated, rude, or badly spelt inscription to be com-
pleted, or corrected or interpreted ; an alphabet or a
meaning to be extracted from an unknown language by
a careful analysis of its different parts by connecting
what is unknown with what is known, or with such
documents as his various learning could supply, were
always more or less labours of predilection with him
where his nice perception, and accurate transcription of
forms, his intimate knowledge of the principles of gram-
mar, his patient labour and uncommon sagacity had
full scope for their exercise. This was preeminently
the case when he applied in 1814 to the study of
Egyptian Hieroglyphics. Dr. Young's attention was
first called to them in the spring of that year, and
before the end of it he had subjected the three inscrip-
tions on the well-known Rosetta stone to a laborious
analysis, and had arrived at some conclusions of so
much importance as to warrant his being regarded as
the parent of our present knowledge of Egyptian anti-
quities. The article " Egypt/' in the Supplement of
the Encyclopaedia Britannica contained a general view
of the results of both his critical and historical labours
in this department, and has been pronounced to be
" the greatest effort of scholarship and ingenuity of
which modern literature can boast." His interest and
labours in this difficult inquiry continued to the last ;
and at the time of Dr. Young's death he had no supe-
rior as an Egyptologist, and but one equal (if indeed he
was so), M. Champollion.
In 1818 Dr. Youngs eminent services to science and
literature were acknowledged by his appointment to the
secretaryship of the Board of Longitude, charged with
the supervision of the Nautical Almanac, which was
published by the Admiralty. His salary was 800/. per
annum in the first of these capacities, and lOOZ. in the
second. The appointment did not add to his peace of
mind. It led him into controversy, and much ill feeling
I
1809] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 85
was engendered on either side ; and Dr. Peacock admits
it to be " difficult for the warmest admirers of Dr. Young:
altogether to justify the line of conduct which he pur-
sued."
Dr. Young from the month of February, 1829, had
suffered from what he considered repeated attacks of
asthma, and was evidently uneasy at the state of his
health. This gradually deteriorated. He ha,d in the
beginning of April great difficuHy in breathing, with
some discharge of blood habitually from the lungs, and
was in a state of great weakness. He had completed
all the works on which he was engaged, with the ex-
ception of the rudiments of an Egyptian Dictionary,
which he had brought near to its completion, and
which he was extremely anxious to be able to finish.
It was then in the hands of the hthographers, and he
not only continued to give directions concerning it, but
laboured at it with a pencil when confined to bed, and
unable to hold a pen. His last anxiety concerning the
proceedings of one or two persons who had made him
the object of reiterated attacks in consequence of being
dissatisfied with the arrangements of the Nautical
Almanac, was that nothing should go forth on his part
to increase irritation, and when papers were sent him
which went to enumerate and prove the errors into
which these individuals had fallen, his desire was that
they should be suppressed. His illness continued with
some slight variations, but he was gradually sinking
into greater and greater weakness until the morning
of the 10th May, 1829, when he expired without a
struggle, having hardly completed his fifty -sixth year.
The disease proved to be ossification of the aorta. His
remains were deposited in the vault of his wife's family
at Farnborough in Kent. A monument by Chantrey
was erected by his widow in Westminster Abbey,
with the following inscription from the pen of Mr. Hud-
son Gurney : —
Saored to the memory of
Thomas Young, M.D.,
86 ROLL OF THE [1809
Fellow and Foreign Secretary of the Royal Society,
Member of the National Institute of France :
A man alike eminent
in almost every department of human learning.
Patient of unintermitted labour,
Endowed with the faculty of intuitive perception,
Who, bringing an equal mastery
to the most abstruse investigations
of letters and of science,
first estabhshed the undulatory theory of light,
and first penetrated the obscurity
which had veiled for ages
the Hieroglyphics of Egypt.
Endeared to his friends by his domestic virtues,
Honoured by the world for his unrivalled acquirements.
He died in the hopes of the resurrection of the just.
Bom at Milverton in Somersetshire June 13th, 1773 ;
Died in Park-square London May 10th, 1829,
in the 56th year of his age.
To delineate adequately the character of Dr. Young'"'
would require an abihty in some proportion to his own,
and must be ill supplied by one incompetent to judge
the talents of a man, who as a physician, a linguist, an
antiquary, a mathematician, scholar, and philosopher in
their most difficult and abstruse investigations, has
added to almost every department of human know-
ledge that which will be remembered to after times ;
'* who (as was observed by Mr. Davies Gilbert) came into
the world with a confidence in his own talents growing
out of an expectation of excellence entertained in com-
* " Vir, omnigena Scientia atqae eruditione pollens, qui nullum
fere doctrines genus non tetigit neque ullum, sive materie ab omni
parte collata, sive inventis sibi propriis, non locupletavit, Matheseos
A^stronomies, Chemise, Histories Naturalis, Linguarum tam veterum
quam recentiorum, Artis Musicee, Medicines, idem sagacissimus ex-
cultor. Sed nobis in tam lato campo spatiantibus, si non patientia
vestra, Socii, at certe vires nostres deficerent ; quis enim de tali viro
digna loquetur, qui non acie mentis totum Scientiarum orbem com-
plecti possit ? Qualem igitur se Naturee interpretem prssstiterit,
Physicos; Antiquitatis, Philologos ; Medicines, vosmetipsos testes
adhibedo. In Optica scilicet ques vocatur scientia, ut vel adver-
sarios ejus antester, probabilem certe de natura Luminis doctrinam
excogitavit, et invitis aique presoccupatis suorum auribus ausus est
committ^re. Inesse quidem rebus, preeter quataor ista genitalia
1809] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 87
mon by all his friends, which expectation was more
than realised in the progress of his future life. The
multiplied objects which he pursued were carried to
such an extent, that each might have been supposed
to have exclusively occupied the full powers of his
mind ; knowledge in the abstract, the most enlarged
generalisations, and the most minute and intricate de-
tails, were equally affected by him ; but he had most
pleasure in that ^vhich appeared to be most diflficult of
investigation." Mr. Davies Gilbert added wisely that
" the example is only to be followed by those of equal
capacity and equal perseverance, and rather recom-
mends the concentration of research within the limits
of some defined portion of science than the endeavour
to embrace the whole. ^'
To sum up with that which passeth all acquire-
ment. Dr. Young was a man in all the relations of life
upright, kind hearted, blameless. His domestic virtues
were as exemplary as his talents were great. He
was entirely free from either envy or jealousy, and
corpora, qua3 vnlgo elementa appellantur, quintam quandam essen-
tiam, universe naturas corpori immistam, et summam C£eli partem
amplectentem, quam JEthera Graeci nominabant, vel ab ultima
antiquitate innotuit. Sic enim Empedoclem cecinisse accepimug —
Tata T6, Kat ttovto^ ttoXvkv/xojv, rjd v^po<i drjp,
Ttrav, 7jB' atOrjp, a(pi<^^(vv Trepl kvkXou (iTravTa.
Hie autem principiis fultus noster, quid sit Lumen, quo subtilissimo
istius ^tberis motu propagetur, qiiaque fiat ratione, et Undae istse
^tbereae, si discordes sint, tenebras, si Concordes, lucem efficiant,
ipse mira sagacitate atque astutia ingenii praemonstravit. Nee
minori solertia monumenta veterum exquisivit, quippe qui notas
atque symbola saxis incisa, quae ad mysteria annalesque suos pos-
teris mandanda, usurpassent ^gyp'tii, cum jam per tot saecula obli-
vione obruta jacuissent, atque vetustatis situ penitus abolevissent,
felicissima conjectura e tenebris tandem in lucem revocaverit. Rem
nostram etiam, Socii, quantum auxerit atque illustraverit, indicio
sunt scripta quae de Literatura Medica et de Pbtbisi Pulmonali
eiludit, in quibus tanta industria et labore opiniones omnium, quot-
quot a priscis temporibus ad nostrum usque aevum de morbis et
medendi ratione disseruerint, evolvit, ut quae in hac materie posteris
mandavit, Thesauros potius quam Libros jure et merito nominare
liceat." Oratio ex Harveii Institute habita die Junii 25. 1845.
Authore Carole Gr, B. Daubeny, M.D.
88 ROLL OF THE [1809
the assistance which he gave to others engaged in the
same Hnes of research with himself, was constant and
unbounded. His morahty through life had been pure
though unostentatious. His rehgious sentiments were
by himself stated to be liberal though orthodox. He
had extensively studied the Scriptures, of which the
precepts were deeply impressed upon his mind from his
earliest years ; and he evidenced the faith which he
professed in an unbending course of usefulness and
rectitude.'" Dr. Young's portrait by Sir Thomas Law-
rence was engraved by G. K Ward.
Thomas M'Whirtee,, M.D., a native of Scotland,
and a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh, of 24th June,
1800 (D.M.I, de Pneumonia), was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians, 22nd December,
1809. He settled at Newcastle-on-Tyne, where he
practised with reputation, and died in 1836 or 1837.
John Hinds, M.D., a native of Ireland, educated at
Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of medicine
25th June, 1804 (D,M.I. de Cynanche Maligna), was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 22nd
December, 1809. After a few years' residence in Lon-
don, he retired into the country, and eventually settled
at Dundalk, but died at Beading on the 17th Decem-
ber, 1836, aged seventy-three.
William Domeier, M.D., was born in Hanover,
and received his general and medical education at the
university of Gottingen, where he graduated doctor of
medicine in November, 1784. He resided for some
years at Malta, where he had the superintendence of
the botanical garden at Valetta. SettHng in London,
he was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians, 22nd December, 1809, and was appointed one of
"^le physicians to the duke of Sussex. Dr. Domeier
• Life of Thomas Young, M.D., F.R.S., by George Peacock, D.D.,
Dean of Ely. 8vo. Lend. 1855.
1810] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 89
died at his house in Dover-street, Piccadilly, 20th
April, 1815, aged fifty-two. He was the author of
Observations on the Climate, Manners, and Amusements of
Malta. 8vo. Lond. 1810.
John Francis Bergeb, M.D., was born in Geneva,
and graduated doctor of medicine at Paris, 10th Au-
gust, 1806. He was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 26th June, 1809, and then
coming before the Censors and being again examined,
was admitted a Licentiate 22nd December, 1809.
James Roberton, M.D., was born in Scotland, and
graduated doctor of medicine at Montpelier, 8 th April,
1803. He was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians, 22nd December, 1809.
Patrick Mackenzie, M.D., was born in the West
Indies, and graduated doctor of medicine, but where, I
fail to discover. He was admitted a- Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 22nd December, 1809, and was
the author of
Practical Observations on the Medical Powers of the most cele-
brated Mineral Waters, and of the varions Modes of Bathing. 8vo.
Lond. 1819.
Charles Mackenzie, M.D., a Londoner, and a doc-
tor of medicine of Edinburgh of 24th June, 1809
(D.M.I, de Asphyxia), was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians, 22nd December, 1809.
Thomas Brown, M.D., was born in Scotland, and
after a good scholastic education entered to the medical
classes at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of
medicine, 12th September, 1799 (D.M.I, de Hydrope
Anasarca). He settled in the first instance at Mar-
gate, and in 1805 was appointed physician to the Sea
Bathing infirmary there. He was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians, 16th April, 1810,
and about that time removed to London, but continued
90 ROLL OF THE [1810
his connection with the infirmary, and during many
years was in the habit of passing some of the summer
months at Margate. Dr. Brown died at his country
residence, Tostock, Suffolk, on the 9th September, L852,
aged seventy -six.
George Dent, M.D., was bom in Berkshire, and had
his school education at Canterbury, on leaving which
he applied himself to medicine, which he pursued chiefly
at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of medicine
24th June, 1802 (D.M.I, de Pneumonia). He commenced
his professional life as surgeon to the Stafford militia,
but on the 16th April, 1810, was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians, when he commenced
business as a physician at Windsor. Removing to
Stafford, he was appointed in 1815 physician to the in-
firmary in that town, an office which he retained until
1822.
William Mason, M.D., was born at Denbigh, and
graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh 12th Sep-
tember, 1806 (D.M.I, de Typho). He was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 16th April,
1810. He died at Carnarvon 26th September, 1846,
in the sixty-eighth year of his age.
Sir Benjamin Fonseca Outram, M.D., was born in
Yorkshire, and educated as a surgeon at the United
Borough hospitals. He entered the navy in 1794, was
promoted to the rank of surgeon in 1796, and served
under Sir Richard Keats during the revolutionary war.
He was for many years surgeon to the Eoyal Sovereign
yacht. He was created inspector of fleets and hos-
pitals in 1841, and received war medals and clasps
for brilliant naval actions in the Nymph and Superb.
In 1850 he received the C.B. of the Bath, and was
knighted by patent soon afterwards. In 1806, with
the view of entering on civil practice, he went to Edin-
burgh, where he graduated doctor of medicine 24 th
1810] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 91
June, 1809 (D.M.I, de Febre Continua). He was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 16th
April, 1810, and then commenced business as a physi-
cian in London. Sir Benjamin Outram was admitted
a Fellow of the College 9th July, 1852, and died at
Brighton 16th February, 1856, aged eighty. He was
the author of
Saggestions to Naval Surgeons previous to, during, and after
Battle.
William Bromet, M.D., a Londoner by birth, and
a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 24th June, 1809
(D.M.I, de Hydropum Causis), was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 16th April, 1810.
He was surgeon to the first Life Guards, and died at
Boulogne 7th June, 1850.
James Clough, M.D., a doctor of medicine of St.
Andrew's, of 16th December, 1809, was admitted an
Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians 4th May,
1810. He practised at Manchester.
Henry James Cholmeley, M.D., was born in Lin-
colnshire, and was the third son of Montague Chol-
meley, of Easton, in that county, esquire, by his wife,
Sarah, a daughter of the Rev. Humphrey Sibthorpe,
D.D. In 1792, being then fifteen years of age, he was
admitted to St. Peter s, Westminster, whence he was
elected in 1796 to Christ church, Oxford, of which he
became a faculty student. He proceeded A.B. 30th
April, 1800, A.M. 17th February, 1803, M.B. 11th
April, 1804, M.D. 19th July, 1807, was admitted a
Candidate of the College of Physicians 26th June, 1809,
a Fellow 25th June, 1810, and was Censor in 1814,
1824, 1834. Dr. Cholmeley was elected physician to
Guy's hospital in 1811, and retained that ofiice until
liis death, which occurred at his house in New Bridge-
street, Blackfriars, on the 14th June, 1837, in his
sixtieth year.
92 ROLL OF THE [1810
Thomas Smith, M.D., was bom in the county of
Durham, and received his medical education at Edin-
burgh, where he graduated doctor of medicine 24th
June, 1787 (D.M.I. de Medicina Sectae Methodicse
Veteris). He settled at Nottingham, and in 1791 was
elected physician to the General hospital in that town,
an office which he resigned in 1798. He removed sub-
sequently to Biury St. Edmund's, where he practised
for many years, and was appointed physician to the
Suffolk General hospital. Dr. Smith was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1810,
and died at Bury St. Edmund's 12th February, 1848,
aged eighty-three.
Thomas Jones, M.D., of the university of St. An-
drew's, of 31st March, 1810, was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1810. One
Thomas Jones, M.D., presumably our Licentiate, died
26th May, 1848, aged sixty-eight, at John's Town,
near Carmarthen.
Donald Mackinnon, M.D., was born in the Isle of
Skye, and received his general education at King's col-
lege, Aberdeen, where he took the degree of master of
arts. His medical studies were pursued in Edinburgh,
under the immediate direction of his relative. Dr. Alex-
ander Monro, the professor of anatomy and physiology
in that university. He graduated doctor of medicine
at Edinburgh the 12th September, 1807 (D.M.L de
Epilepsia), shortly after which he settled in London,
under the auspices of his uncle, Dr. Macqueen, and on
the 25th June, 18 10, was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians. Dr. Mackinnon practised for
many years in London, and was physician to the Eoyal
Caledonian asylum. Eventually he withdrew from prac-
tice, and retired to Tunbridge Wells ; but ultimately
returned to London, and died at his house in Norland-
square, Notting-hill, on the 10th June, 1849.
1810] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 93
Sm Thomas Charles Morgan, M.D., was the eldest
son of John Morgan, esq., of Charlotte -street, Blooms-
bury. After a sound preparatory education at Eton
and the Charterhouse, he was entered at Peterhouse,
Cambridge, and as a member of that college proceeded
M.B. 1804, M.D. 1809. He was admitted a Candidate
of the College of Physicians 30th September, 1809, and
a Fellow 1st October, 1810. He accompanied the
marquis of Abercorn to Ireland as his physician, and
was knighted by him in Dublin. Although well quali-
fied to sucjceed as a physician. Sir Thomas Morgan soon
withdrew from the exercise of his profession, and de-
voted himself exclusively to literature and politics. To
this course he was probably led by his wife, a pleasing
writer, and the authoress of some well-known works of
travels. Sir Thomas Morgan was an ardent whig, and
during his residence in Ireland devoted much of his
time and talents to the cause of Catholic emaucipation,
which he advocated in the public journals and peri-
odicals. He was a warm lover of civil and religious
liberty, and his house, both in Dublin and London, was
always open to sufferers in that cause from whatever
land they came. When his political friends, the whigs,
succeeded to office, he was appointed one of the com-
missioners of Irish Fisheries, and the reports he made in
that capacity were remarkable for their clearness and
perspicuity. He died at his house in William -street,
Lowndes-square, on the 28th August, 1843.
" Su* T. Charles Morgan was a very accomplished and
justly popular member of the refined and intellectual
society in which he and Lady Morgan had mingled both
abroad and at home. A writer of great ability, an honest
politician, an amiable and most enlightened man, he
has claims to be long regretted by a wide circle of every
class of opinion. While his mind kept equal pace with
the progress of liberal views, his tastes were formed and
resolutely fixed in what we call the best old school. He
was never at a loss for a witty or wise passage from
Kabelais or Bayle."'''' Sir Charles was a frequent con-
* Examiner.
94 ROLL OF THE [1810
tributor to our best literary periodicals. He contributed
the chapters on law, medical science, and statistics to
Lady Morgan's books of travels in France and Italy,
and was joint author with her of the '' Book without a
Name." We have also from his pen —
Sketches of the Philosophy of Life. 8vo. Lond. 1819.
Sketches of the Philosophy of Morals. 8vo. Lond.
EiCHARD Simmons, M.D., was bom in London, and
was the only son of Samuel Foart Simmons, M.D., a
distinguished physician, already mentioned in the second
volume. He was of Christ church, Oxford, as a mem-
ber of which he proceeded A.B. 18th November, 1802,
A.M. 1st July, 1805, M.B. 16th June, 1806, and M.D.
8th June, 1809. Dr. Simmons was admitted a Can-
didate of the College of Physicians 30th September,
1809, a Fellow 1st October, 1810, and was Gulstonian
lecturer in 1812. Inheriting an ample patrimony, he
had no need of professional exertion, and was little soli-
citous of business, which for many years he wholly de-
clined. He died at St. Leonard's-on-sea 18th Septem-
ber, 1846, in the sixty-fifth year of his age, and be-
queathed to the university of Oxford his collection of
minerals and to the National Gallery fourteen pictures,
which he himself valued at four thousand pounds.
John George Dwyer, M.D., was born in the county
of Clare, and graduated doctor of medicine at Edin-
burgh, 24th June, 1805 (D.M.I. de Cynanche Tra-
cheali). He was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians 1st October, 1810. Dr, Dwyer (I be-
lieve) died in Dublin, 7th May, 1829.
Adam Black, M.D., was born in Lanarkshire, and
educated in general literature and his future profes-
sion at the college of Edinburgh, under the immediate
superintendence of his kinsman. Dr. Black, the pro-
fessor of chemistry in the university. He graduated
doctor of medicine at Edinburgh, 12th September, 1809
1810] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 95
(D.M.I. de Melancholia), and was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 1st October, 1810. He
then settled at Chelsea, and was mainly instrumental
in founding the Chelsea dispensary, to which h^ was
appointed physician. Dr. Black died at his house in
Piccadilly, 3rd March, 1847, aged sixty- two. While
standing with his back to the hre, he was seized with
giddiness, and fell, and was so severely burnt that he
died the following day.
John Bunnell Davis, M.D., was born at Clare, in
the county of Suffolk, and was the son of Mr. Timothy
Davis, a surgeon apothecary, at Thetford, in Norfolk,
who subsequently removed to London and became sur-
geon to the Customs. He was educated at the Borough
hospitals, and became a member of the college of Sur-
geons. A severe illness at this period led to his under-
taking a journey to the south of France with a family
of distinction during the short peace of Amiens. His
detention in that country as a prisoner of war enabled
him to pursue his studies in medicine at Paris and
Montpelier, at which latter university he took a degree
in 1803. Dr. Da,vis was compelled after a time to take
up his abode at Verdun. There he published " Observa-
tions on Precipitate Burial and the Diagnosis of Death,"
a copy of which he forwarded to Corvisart, first physi-
cian to Buonaparte and the Empress, with a petition to
Buonaparte to allow him to return to England. The
permission to do so was accorded through Corvisart in
May, 1806. Shortly after his return Dr. Davis pro-
ceeded to Edinburgh to complete his medical studies,
and there graduated doctor of medicine 24th June,
1808 (D.M.L de Phthisi PulmonaH). In 1810 he was
appointed by the Army Medical Board temporary phy-
sician to the forces, to attend the sick troops returned
from Walcheren."^^ Dr. Davis was admitted a Licen-
* Authentic Memoirs, Biographical, Critical, and Literary, of the
most Eminent Physicians and Surgeons, &c. 2nd edition. 8vo.
Lond. 1828, p. 434.
90 ROLL OF THE [l^ll
tiate of the College of Physicians, 22nd December, 1810.
He was the founder of, and physician to the Infirmary
for Diseases of Children. He died 28th September,
1824. Dr. Davis was the author of
The Ancient and Modern History of Nice. 8vo. Lond. 1807.
More Subjects tlian One, concerning France and the French
People. 2 vols., 8vo. Lond. 1807.
The Origin and Description of Bognor or Hothampton. 8vo.
Lond. 1807.
A Scientific and Popular View of the Fever of Walcheren, and
its Consequences in the British Troops returned from the Expe-
dition. 8vo. Lond. 1810.
Cursory Inquiry into the Principal Causes of Mortality among
Children. 8vo. Lond. 1817.
Annals, Historical and Medical, of the Universal Dispensary for
Children, founded in 1816, at St. Andrew 's-hill, Doctors' Com-
mons. 8vo. Lond. 1821.
Thomas Christie, M.D., was born at Carnwath, in
the county of Lanark, and educated at Aberdeen.
He went to the East, and attained to the rank of
medical superintendent-general in Ceylon. Return-
ing, after much service, to England, he graduated doc-
tor of medicine at Marischal college, Aberdeen, 24th
June, 1809, and on the 22nd December, 1810, was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians, when
he settled at Cheltenham. In 1813 he was honoured
by the appointment of physician extraordinary to the
Prince Regent. Dr. Christie died at Cheltenham 11th
October, 1829, aged fifty-six. He was the author of
An Account of the Ravages committed in Ceylon by Small-pox
previously to the Introduction of Vaccination : with a Statement
of the Circumstances attending the Introduction, Progress, and
Success of Vaccine Inoculation in that Island. 8vo. Lond. 1811.
Francis Hicken Northen, M.D., was born in Staf-
fordshire, and graduated doctor of medicine 24th June,
1793 (D.M.I. de Ischuria). He was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians, 25th June, 1811,
and practised for many years at Newcastle, in his na-
tive county. He died at Eccleshall, co. Stafford, 11th
January, 1861, aged eighty-nine. Dr. Northen was a
1811] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 97
gentleman of the old school, of a highly cultivated un-
derstanding, most amiable temper, and great urbanity
of manners. As a physician he enjoyed a high and
well-deserved reputation.'""
Charles Littlehales, M.D., was born at Win-
chester, educated at Wykeham^s school, in that city,
and as a member of New college, Oxford, graduated
bachelor of civil law 2 8th June, 1810. He was admitted
an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians 31st
July, 1811, when he commenced the practice of his
profession in his native city, and was appointed physi-
cian to the Winchester hospital. Accumulating his
degrees in physic, he proceeded doctor of medicine at
Oxford, 2nd June, 1820. Dr. Littlehales died 9th
February, 1868, aged eighty-four.
John Erly, M.D., of the university of St. Andrew's
of 31st July, 1811, wask admitted an Extra-Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 30th September, 1811.
He settled in Barbadoes.
Joseph Acer, M.D., was born in London, and w^as
the son of a respectable apothecary. He was of Pem-
broke college, Oxford, and as a member of that house
proceeded A.B. 17th December, 1803, A.M. 1st July,
1807, M.B. 19th July, 1807, M.D. 28th June, 1810.
He was admitted a Candidate of the College of Phy-
sicians 1st October, 1810, a Fellow 30th September,
1811, was Gulstonian lecturer in 1812, Censor 1815,
1825, 1835, and dehvered the Materia Medica lec-
tures at the college in 1827 and 1828. For many
years Dr. Ager assisted Dr. Bobert Hooper in his
duties as physician to the parochial infirmary of Mary-
lebone. He had studied for many years under Joshua
Brookes, and was an accomplished anatomist ; and he
gave great assistance to Dr. Hooper, and in the forma-
tion of his pathological museum, many of the prepara-
* Lancet of January 26, 1861, p. 100.
VOL. III. H
98 • ROLL OF THE [1812
tions in which were put up by him. Dr. Ager was
a man of remarkably retired habits, and though almost
a daily visitor to the CoUege reading-room, rarely
spoke to any one.'''' He died at his house in Great
Portland-street, l7th July, 1857, in the seventy-seventh
year of his age.
Robert John Thornton, M.D., was the son of Bon-
nell Thornton, M.B., a man well known for his wit,
humour, and literary acquirements, the translator of
Plautus and joint editor with Colman of the *' Con-
noisseur ; " who died in 1768, leaving this his youngest
son quite a child. After a good preliminary education,
partly under the private tuition of the Rev. Mr. Taylor,
rector of Kensington, he was entered at Trinity college,
Cambridge, as a member of which he proceeded bachelor
of medicine in 1793. He then visited Edinburgh,
Dublin, and Paris, for the purpose of acquiring addi-
tional information, and in 1797# commenced business in
the metropolis, where, having become a convert to the
views of Dr. Beddoes, he made the administration of
" factitious airs " a leading feature of his practice,
which he paraded before the public in a manner un-
usual with the more respectable of his brethren, and
therefore occasioning no little dissatisfaction among
them. Dr. Thornton was for some time physician to
the Marylebone dispensary, and he succeeded Sir James
E. Smith at Guy's hospital as lecturer on botany, a
science to which he was ardently devoted. He was
created doctor of medicine by the university of St.
Andrew's 4th November, 1805, and was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 6th January,
1812.
Dr. Thornton early in his career ruined himself in a
gigantic literary speculation, the publication of a work
on botany of an extraordinary size, " The Temple of
Flora/' with plates very splendidly coloured after
* Proceedings of the Royal Med. and Chir. Society of London.
Vol. ii, p. 50.
1812] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 99
nature. The pencils of Opie, Eeinagle, Eussell, Miss
Burney, &c., were employed in its embellishment ; and
the muses of Seward, Maurice, Dr. Shaw, G. Dyer, &c.,
&c., were invoked to swell its triumph. In its best
state it is a very splendid work, though scarcely bear-
ing out the extravagant contemporary eulogiams that
were lavished upon it. The returns from the sale .of
this very costly undertaking by no means answered the
author's expectations, and he had recourse to a plan
which had been previously tried by Boydell and
Bowyer — that of a public lottery. He succeeded in
obtaining an Act of Parliament to legalise this measure ;
but the results were not sufficiently successful to re-
store his fortunes, and he was ever after a beggared
man. Dr. Thornton died in Howland-street, Fitzroy-
square, 21st January, 1SS7/''' He was a voluminous
writer, and I am not sure that the following list com-
prises the whole of his published works —
The Philosophy of Medicine or Medical Extracts on the Nature
of Health and Disease, including the Laws oi! the Animal Economy
and the Doctrine of Pneumatic Medicine. 4 vols. 8vo. Lond.
1798; 4th edition, 5 vols. 8vo. 1809.
The Philosophy of Politics, or Political Extracts on the !N'ature of
Grovernments and their Administration. 3 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1799.
The Temple of Flora ; or Garden of the Botanist, Poet, Painter,
and Philosopher ; with picturesque plates in illustration of the Sexual
System of Linnaeus. Folio. Lond. 1799-1804.
Facts decisive in favour of the Cow Pock. 8vo. Lond. 1802.
Plates of the Heart, illustrative of the Circulation of the Blood.
4to. Lond. 1804.
A complete Course of Lectures on Botany by the late William
Curtis : with the Life of the Author. 3 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1804.
History of Medical Plants. 8vo.
Elements of Botany. 2 vols. 8vo.
Vaccinae Vindiciae, or a Vindication of the Cow Pock. 8vo.
Lond. 1806.
Practical Botany, being a New Illustration of the Genera of
Plants. 8vo. Lond. 1808.
The Philosophy of Botany. 4to. Lond. 1809.
Outlines of Botany, or an Introduction to that Science. 8vo.
Lond. 1810.
A Family Herbal and Complete System of Medical Botany. 8vo.
Lond. 1810.
* Gent, Mag. of July, 1837.
H 2
100 ROLL OF THE [1812
A Grammar of Botany. 18mo. Lond. 1811.
A School YirgiL 12mo. Lond. 1813.
Illustrations to the School Virgil. Lond. 1814.
Dennls Considen, M.D., a native of Ireland, and a
doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 24tli June, 1804
(D.M.I, de Tetano), was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 6th January, 1812.
George Goldie, M.D., was born in Edinburgh,
where he received his medical education, and graduated
doctor of medicine 24th June, 1808 (D.M.I, de Ictero).
He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians 6th January, 1812. He settled in the iirst
instance at Warminster, but soon removed to York,
where he was much and deservedly esteemed. In 1822
he was appointed physician to the York county hos-
pital, but resigned that office in 1833, about which
time he removed to Shrewsbury. His success there
was not commensurate to his anticipations, and ere
long he returned to York. He died at Sheffield 2nd
May, 1853, aged sixty-seven. Dr. Goldie contributed
to the Cyclopaedia of Practical Medicine the articles
Hematemesis, Melsena, Purpura and Hematuria.
Robert Gooch, M.D., was one of the most sagacious
of modern physicians. He was born at Yarmouth, co.
Norfolk, in June, 1784. His father was in early hfe a
master in the royal navy, and afterwards commanded a
vessel in the merchant service. The circumstances of
his parents were not such as to enable them to give
their son the advantages of a good classical school, and
after an indifferent education, he was apprenticed to
Mr. Borrett, a surgeon and apothecary at Yarmouth.
He had not been remarkable for proficiency at school ;
but his mind and his character developed during his
apprenticeship. He was industrious and painstaking,
and spared no effort to compensate for the deficiencies
of his early education. An accidental acquaintance with
a gentleman of the name of Harley, which took place at
this time, had a great and lasting influence on Gooch s
I
1812] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 101
character. Mr. Harley was nearly blind ; he was fond of
reading, and, from the state of his eyes, dependent upon
others for his literary enjoyments. His studies were
miscellaneous ; history, chemistry, sometimes medicine,
and very often metaphysics. Gooch used to pass most
of his evenings in reading aloud to Mr. Harley.
Amongst the books so read were Bishop Berkeley's
works. Hartley, and Hume's essays. Mr. Harley used
to discuss the subjects of their reading with his young
friend, and, being a man of acute intellect, he called
into action those faculties of mind in which Gooch was
by nature most gifted. At an early age he became ac-
customed to reason on abstract subjects ; and had it not
been for his intercourse with Mr. Harley, Gooch might
perhaps have neglected altogether the cultivation of
his reasoning powers at the time of life when tliat cul-
tivation is most important. Somewhat later, but before
he removed from Mr. Borrett's, Gooch had the good for-
tune to make the acquaintance and secure the friend-
ship of Mr. William Taylor, of Norwich, a man of varied
attainments, whose name is intimately connected with
the literature of his age. Notwithstanding the limited
circumstances of Gooch's family, aggravated by the de-
tention of his father in a French prison, his mother and
an aged aunt determined to send him to Edinburgh,
but they had to encounter great sacrifices to do so.
With scanty means he arrived there in October, 1804,
and was singularly fortunate in the friendships he then
formed. Of those with whom he associated on the
most intimate terms, all attained to eminence in their
respective spheres ; Dr. Lockyer, of Plymouth (Roll, vol.
iii, p. 74), I)r. Fearon, of Sunderland, Dr. Henry Her-
bert Southey, to be mentioned in a subsequent page,
and though last in order of time, first in influence on
his subsequent career, his future patron, Dr., afterwards
Sir William Knighton, bart. (Boll, vol. iii, p. 39).
Gooch was not slow to appreciate the profound saga-
city and commanding power over the minds of others,
which so remarkably characterized this distinguished
102 ROLL OF THE [1812
person, and through the whole of his after hfe was
accustomed on all matters of importance to apply to
Sir William Knighton for advice. Gooch graduated
doctor of medicine at Edinburgh 24th June, 1807
(D.M.I, de Eachitide), and spent the following winter
in London, as a student at the Borough hospitals.
Circumstances led him to commence his professional
career as a general practitioner at Croydon. But the
death of his wife and only child induced him, after two
or three years, to relinquish his business there and
remove to London, and endeavour to obtain practice
as an accoucheur physician. Several of his friends
were already established in London, doing well, and
disposed to serve' him. He had gained some reputa-
tion by his writings, chiefiy in the London Medical
Beview, and he had acquired a consciousness of his own
powers. Dr. Gooch was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 6tli March, 1812, and established
himself in Aldermanbury close to his friend, Dr. Babing-
ton, by whom and by Mr. George Young, an eminent
surgeon in the city, he was warmly patronised. On
the death of Dr. Thynne, he succeeded as physician to
the Westminster Lying-in hospital and as lecturer on
Midwifery at St. Bartholomew's hospital, and shortly
afterwards was appointed physician to the City of Lon-
don Lying-in hospital. Early in 1816 he had removed
from the city to the west-end, where he was warmly
patronised by his friend. Sir William Knighton. Suc-
cess in business rapidly followed, and thenceforward
was only limited by a constant state of bodily weakness
and ill-health, which frequently obliged him to leave
London for weeks, and even months, together. In
1821 he had published an excellent translation of Golis's
Treatise on the Plydrocephalus Acutus or Inflammatory
Water of the Brain. In April, 1826, he w^as appointed
librarian to the king ; an office delightful to him, from
his fondness for general literature, and honourable, espe-
cially from its being the first instance in which it was
ever held bv a medical man. For this, as for numerous
1812] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 103
other acts of kindness, he was indebted to Sir William
Knighton. The few remaining years of Dr. Gooch's
life exhibited a striking contrast between mental vigour
and bodily weakness. His best health was that of a
complete valetudinarian, but he was able to see a con-
siderable number of patients most days, and to devote
some hours to literary labour. He died after six weeks
of rapid decay on the 16th of February, 1830, at the
early age of forty-five, and was buried at Croydon.
Dr. Gooch left by his second wife, a sister of Mr. Ben-
jamin Travers the well-known surgeon, two sons and
a daughter.
Dr. Gooch (we are told by Dr. Robert Ferguson)
was regarded by Southey the poet as one of the most
remarkable men of his time ; and such was also the
opinion formed of him by Sir Walter Scott and by
Lockhart. Naturally endowed with great talents and
remarkable acuteness of understanding, he added to
them a highly cultivated taste and much scientific and
literary acquirement. His mind was singularly intole-
rant of error ; he was rarely deceived by appearances
or misled by the innumerable frauds by which self-
love warps our judgment. It was necessary for him to
see clearly, otherwise he could not see at all. His
ardent temperament, which even a life of suffering could
not subdue, made him feel a deep interest in all things
with which he came in contact. Hence his powers of
attention to, and his firm grasp of, a subject — its con-
stant presence to his mind — were the consequences of
his mental constitution always striving to arrive at
clear and true results. Besides these characteristics,
he had the great gift of knowing, not only his know-
ledge, but also his ignorance. His conversation was
singularly forcible, both as to expression and illustra-
tion; and so totally devoid of all assumption of superiority
that one soon felt assured of an excellent and sympa-
thising listener on any subject one had at heart, and
the sum of one's knowledge was speedily laid bare under
his rare talent of questioning and suggestive comment.
104 ROLL OF THE [1812
During the latter years of his life Dr. Gooch devoted
much time to the study of mental disease. Such was
the closeness of his watch over " public cases," and such
the felicity of his analysis, that the Chancellor of the
day referred the most intricate and important of these
to his practised judgment. Not only was he employed
by the highest legal functionary in thus aiding him in
clearing away the obscurities which darkened these
questions, but he did not hesitate to bring into public
view cases in which he conceived individuals to have
been falsely charged with madness. During a short
life, embittered by almost constant illness, he succeeded
in attaining to great eminence in his profession, and
left behind him vahiable contributions to medical
knowledge. His '' Account of some of the most im-
portant Diseases peculiar to Women," 8vo., Lond.,
1829, will be ever considered a standard work. Its
general features are its pre-eminently practical charac-
ter, its manly tone, devoid of trash and frippery, an
ardent love of truth, a dislike of all confident assertions,
and an abhorrence of all means which prostitute know-
ledge to notoriety or to gain. Besides his acknow-
ledged writings, he at various times enriched several of
the periodical publications, both medical and otherwise,
with anonymous contributions. Many of these have
been recognised, particularly two in the Quarterly Be-
view — the one on Plague and Contagion, the other on
Anatomy and the Anatomical Bill. His article on the
Plague settled the question of the contagious nature of
that disease, at least for his own time, and should the
same controversy be again revived will furnish facts and
arguments for the confutation of future anti-contagion-
ists. The article on Anatomy placed the question in a
right point of view, by proving that it is the interest of
the public rather than of the medical profession that
the impediments to the practical study of that science
should be removed. This article was dictated from his
death bed. It is an interesting fact that nearly all his
writings were composed while confined to his bed by
1812] ROYAL COLLEGE QF PHYSICIANS. 105
sickness ; and often, when too feeble to hold his pen,
he dictated page after page with a mind as active and
powerful as ever.
As a practitioner Dr. Gooch was eminently success-
ful ; he seized with consummate tact the minute dis-
tinctions of obscure diseases ; and whilst no one was
more unfettered by blind submission to authorities, he
was always ready and anxious to attend to the sugges-
tions of others, however young and inexperienced. As
a lecturer Dr. Gooch is said to have been particularly
striking and attractive, and the same was said of him
in his conversation : in both respects he was noted for
his clear and graphic descriptions, apt illustrations, and
for his lively as well as impressive remarks. His lan-
guage was peculiarly simple, and at the same time
terse, forcible, and well chosen, and few could listen
to him on any subject without a speedy conviction
that he was no ordinary person. '' With regard to per-
sonal appearance," writes his friend. Dr. Southey,
" Dr. Gooch was rather below the ordinary height, and
always thin ; his countenance was elegantly marked ;
the dark full eyes remarkably fine ; the habitual ex-
pression made up of sagacity and melancholy, though
no fen.tures could exhibit occasionally a more happy
play of humour. His manners were singularly well
adapted to a sick room ; natural, quiet, impressive ;
and the kindness of his heart led him to sympathise
readily with the feelings of others, and rarely failed to
attach his patients strongly." ■^^' Dr. Gooch's portrait,
by K J. Lane, is at the College. It was presented by
his daughter Miss Gooch, of Torquay.
Geoege Gumming, M.D., a native of Scotland and a
* Memoir of Goocli, contributed by Dr. Henry Herbert Southey
to the Lives o£ British Physicians in Murray's Family Library;
Biographical Sketch of Dr. Grooch in the London Medical Gazette,
vol. V, p. 753, understood to have been from the pen of Dr. Robert
Ferguson ; and Prefatory Essay, by the last-named physician to the
edition of Gooch's work on the Diseases of Women, published by
the New Sydenham Society in 1859.
106 BOLL OF THE [1812
doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of ^ 13th September,
1802 (D.M.I, de Hydrope), was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1812. He died
at Chester 12th August, 1863, aged eighty-two.
Matthew Brydie Cowie, M.D., was born in London
and graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh 25th
June, 1810 (D.M.I, de Dysenteria). He was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June,
1812, and died at Horsham 10th April, 1854.
John Walker, M.D., was born 31st July, 1759, at
Cockermouth, and educated at the Grammar school of
that town. His father added to his other avocations
that of smith, and Dr. Walker when a young man
worked for some time at the forge. Circumstances
then led him to drawing and engraving, and he went
to Dublin and became a pupil of Esdale, the finest
artist in that city, as an etcher and engraver of figure
and landscape. But he soon laid aside the portcrayon
and burin and commenced teacher of the classics and
mathematics. Whilst thus occupied, he set himself to
the preparation and publication of the two works by
which he was best known, " The Elements of Geo-
graphy" and " The Universal Gazetteer," which were
completed in 1788. About this time he assumed the
dress and other outward marks of the Quaker, but to
his great mortification was never admitted or recog-
nised as such by the Society of Friends. He made
many efforts at subsequent periods to be admitted
among them, but he was not considered sound in his
faith, and never succeeded. In 1793 he prepared for
the publication of a second edition of his Geography,
making extensive tours through different provinces of
Ireland and through England and Wales. From the
heavy duty in the meantime laid on books imported
from Ireland, he found it necessary to publish in Lon-
don, and his school was transferred to the Rev. John
Foster, author of the Moral Essays. He now thought
1812] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 107
it advisable to apply himself to the study of medicine,
and the lady to whom he was under an engagement
of marriage, supplied the pecuniary means which were
necessary to the pursuit of his studies in London and
Leyden. While thus engaged he visited Paris, and
there formed an intimacy with many of the leading
poHtical characters of the revolution, as well French as
English. He also acted as secretary and interpreter to
the Society calling themselves Theophilanthropists, of
which the notorious Paine was said to be the founder.
The Manual of Belief of this sect was translated by
Dr. Walker and sent to London for publication. He
graduated doctor of medicine at Leyden 30th July,
1799, and then returned to England.
In 1800 a circumstance occurred which determined
the whole of his future life. He was associated with
his friend Dr. Marshall as the bearer of vaccine lymph
at the request of the Neapolitan government to Naples.
On Dr. Walker's return from Naples to Malta, he accom-
panied the army under Sir Ralph Abercrombie to Egypt,
where besides vaccinating, he gave his medical services
to the sick of the British navy and of the Turkish army.
Returning to London in 1802, Dr. Walker commenced
that course of public vaccination in the Metropolis
which only terminated with his life. The Jennerian
society was founded in 1803, and Dr. Walker appointed
the resident vaccinator at the central station of the
society in Salisbury-square, with a handsome salary.
But his temper was irritable, his manners uncourteous,
not to say rude, and he gave so much offence to many
persons with whom he was there associated, that he had
to resign his appointment in order to avoid a dismissal.
His friends thereupon instituted the London Vaccine
institution, with Dr. Walker at its head as " director."
On the decadence of the Jennerian society, which oc-
curred on the establishment of the National Vaccine
Board by the government shortly afterwards, Dr. Wal-
ker's society became known as the Boy al Jennerian and
London Vaccine institution. Dr. Walker continued
108 ROLL OF THE [1812
in the office of director of this society up to his death.
He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians 30th September, 1812. He died 23rd June,
1830.
Whatever were Dr. Walker's peculiarities and fail-
ings, and that they were many is admitted by his
eulogist and biographer, Dr. Epps,'"' he deserves the
greatest praise for his untiring efforts in behalf of
vaccination, of which he was the apostle in this metro-
polis for more than a quarter of a century. During
the whole of that period he vaccinated six days in every
week, at six or more stations of the society, and was
accustomed to boast towards the end of his life, 'that he
had vaccinated altogether more than one hundred
thousand persons. The Vaccine institution in speak-
ing of his death in the Annual Report for 1831, says :
" he was a man who day after day, month after month,
and year after year, watched with the care of a parent
the cause of which he was so experienced an advocate ;
who was willing to know nothing but the object of his
early love, vaccination ; who for upwards of a quarter
of a century, never omitted one lawful day going his
rounds to the numerous stations of the institution ;
and who it may be almost said ended his hfe with the
lancet in his hand, for he went round to the stations
two days before he died.'"'
Dr. Walker was the author of —
The Elements of Geography and of Natural and Civil History.
8vo. Lond. 1796. 2nd edition.
The Universal Gazetteer. 8vo. Lond.
A Dissertation on the Necessity for Contracting Cavities between
the Venous Trunks and the Ventricles of the Heart ; on the Use of
Venous Sinuses in the Head, &c., &c. 8vo. Lond.
Fragments of Letters and other Papers written during a Voyage
to the Levant for the Propagation of Vaccination and during the
Campaign in Egypt under Sir Ralph Abercrombie and General
Hutchinson. 8vo. Lond.
♦ The Life of John Walker, M.D., by John Epps, M.D. 8vo.
Lond. 1831. "^ ^^ '
1812] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 109
The Rudiments of Science, under the three general heads of an
Analysis of Words, Things, and Affairs. 8vo. Lond.
Charles Wightman, M.D., a native of Scotland,
and a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 24th June,
1808 (D.M.I, de Consensu), was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Pliysicians 22nd December, 1812. He
practised successively at Alnwick and Sunderland, and
then removed to Newcastle-on-Tyne, where he died 1 9th
August, 1857. He was the author of —
A Treatise on the Sympathetic Relation between the Stomach and
Brain. 8vo. 1840.
William PiiouT,M.D., was born 15th January, 1785,
at Horton in Gloucestershire, where his family had been
settled and resident on their own property for some
generations. His early education was neglected, but at
the age of seventeen he placed himself under the tui-
tion of a clergyman in Wiltshire, and somewhat later
entered the academy of the Rev. Dr. Jones, of Bedland,
near Bristol, at whose recommendation he commenced
the study of medicine at Edinburgh. Pie graduated
doctor of medicine in that university 24th June, 1811
(D.M.I, de Febribus Intermittentibus), and then re-
moved to London, and continued his studies at the two
Borough hospitals. He was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 22nd December, 1812. To
chemistry, and especially to organic chemistry, Dr.
Prout had from the first devoted himself, and in 1813
he delivered at his house a course of lectures on animal
chemistry, the attendance on which though small, was
select, and so highly was he already esteemed that his
audience constantly included Sir Astley Cooper. In
1821, Dr. Prout published his " Inquiry into the
Nature and Treatment of Gravel, Calculus and other
diseases of the Urinary Organs ; " a work that esta-
blished his reputation as a chemist and practical phy-
sician ; and which subsequent editions, especially the
third, served but to extend and confirm. The third
edition, which appeared in 1840, with the title *' On the
110
ROLL OF THE [1812
Nature and Treatment of Stomach and Urinary Dis-
eases," was wholly re- written, and may be regarded as a
new work. It contained an exposition of Dr. Prout's
ori^nal views on many points of animal chemistry, and
it marks an era in the history of that science. I am
not aware that any full and searching estimate of Dr.
Prout's merits as a philosopher and chemist has yet ap-
peared. But that they were great, and that he sig-
nally advanced his favourite science and pointed the
way to discoveries which have made the reputation of
others, is certain. Not a few of Dr. Prout's views were
adopted by Liebig ; and enveloped by him in a new
phraseology, were for a time accepted as original, even
in this the country of their discoverer. In the best
account of Dr. Prout that I have met with, that in the
Medical Times, "^^^ it is said, that had the doctrines con-
tained in Dr. Prout's works " been properly appreciated,
the palm of originality would not for so long have been
awarded to the great chemist of Giessen. The meta-
morphosis of tissues of Liebig was only another term
for the secondary assimilation of Prout, and it was he
who announced that it is from the waste or destruction
of tissues which once formed constituent parts of the
organism that the various excretions as urea, uric acid,
carbonic acid, &c., are derived. The fame of Liebig for
some time dazzled the eyes of the philosophic world, but
when they came calmly to consider the points at issue,
it was universally admitted that the merit of discovery
rested with the unassuming but far-seeing philosopher
of Sackville-street."
Dr. Prout was admitted a Fellow of the College of
Physicians 25th June, 1829, and delivered the Gulsto-
nian lectures of 1831, w^hen he took for his subject the
Application of Chemistry to Physiology, Pathology, and
Practice. To some of the opinions expressed by Dr.
Prout in these lectures. Dr. Wilson Philip took excep-
tion ; and a lively discussion ensued between these two
* Vol. i, New Series, 1850, p. 17. To this article I am much
indebted.
I
1812] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. Ill
distinguished persons in the pages of the London Me-
dical Gazette.* As maybe supposed, all that could be
said on either side of the controversy was urged by
each party. But it is to be regretted that the discussion,
which otherwise was most instructive, provoked more
discourtesy than should ever be shown by great im-
provers of science.
Dr. Prout was selected to write one of the Biidge-
water Treatises; and in 1834 he produced as such
his " Chemistry, Meteorology, and the Function of
Digestion, considered with reference to Natural Theo-
logy," 8vo. Lond. — a work of high merit and of much
originality. On each of the subjects therein treated,
Dr. Prout was himself an original investigator and a
high authority. On two of them, chemistry and diges-
tion, he had already proved his claim to distinction in
the pages of the Philosophical Transactions and in his
other writings. And into this work he introduced the
most important results of his own extensive and careful
investigations on meteorology and the nature of the
atmosphere. In pursuing his scientific investigations,
and especially those on the atmosphere, expense was
not regarded by Dr. Prout, and much of his apparatus
was of the most elaborate and costly character, and
perfect of its kind. His barometer had cost, it is said,
before it was finally completed, an incredible sum of
money ; and so perfect was it, that after it and as the
model, the instrument belonging to the Royal Society
{which is the standard barometer of England), was
made under the surveillance of Dr. Prout.
Dr. Prout died 9th April, 1850, and v^as buried at
Kensal-green.
Dr. Prout, it is to be remembered, was the person
who led the way to that more intimate knowledge
of the functions of life through the instrumentality
of chemistry which has been one of the characteristics
of the present century. He deserves to be comme-
morated, wrote one who was well quaHfied to judge,
* Vols, viii and ix.
112 ROLL OF THE [1812
the late Dr. Daubeny of Oxford, both for his import-
ant contributions to chemistry in general, and hkewise
for the light which his researches first cast upon many
obscure processes of the animal economy. There were
two quaUties which eminently distinguished Dr. Front's
philosophical character, and which by their happy com-
bination, enabled him to render subservient to the un-
folding of grand general truths those minute patho-
logical inquiries which his profession prompted him to
undertake, but every one of which, when once entered
upon, was worked out by him with the patience and
exactness of a philosophical problem. The first of these
characteristics was that capacity for accurate observa-
tion which, coupled as it was in him with the most
conscientious regard to truth, inspired such a confidence
in his published results, that their corre«3tness has sel-
dom been impugned by those who, with the light of
improved knowledge, have since followed in his footsteps.
The second characteristic of his genius was that power
of generalisation, that aptitude of combining into a
harmonious whole, a number of isolated and indepen-
dent facts which led him to seize upon the remote
consequences deducible from the results of his own
observations, as well as those of others, and at the same
time to shape his inquiries in such directions as might
lead to the development of great principles in science.
With regard to inquiries more purely medical. Dr. Prout
first gave a clear idea of the constitution of urine, and
showed that the secretion of urea took place in the
blood vessels whilst it was merely eliminated by the
kidneys. By ascertaining that the urine of reptiles
consists wholly of uric acid, he took the first step to-
wards indicating the relation between that body and
urea, which latter Liebig supposed to be produced in
warm-blooded animals through the oxygenation of the
former compound. While by this train of research he
threw so much important light upon the physiology of
calculus and other urinary disorders, he advanced at
the same time our knowledge of digestion itself, by his
1813] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 113
discovery that the stomach in a healthy state always
contains free muriatic acid. Such are a few of the
great principles either suggested or worked out by Dr.
Prout, which suffice to estabHsh his reputation as a
great original thinker, as well as an accurate and scrupu-
lous experimentalist.''''
" Dr. Front's habits were studious and reserved, and
the affliction of deafness under which he laboured for
many years before his death, prevented his entering
into society. He was of the middle height, and of slim
figure. His head was nobly developed, and the in-
tellectual qualities strongly marked ; the hair soft and
snowy-white. His features were delicately chiselled,
eyes brilliant, complexion very pale, but the expression
of his countenance combined benevolence with great
intelligence. There was a blandness in his manner
which inspired confidence, and set the most nervous
patient at ease. He always dressed with scrupulous
neatness, usually in black, with gaiters or silk stock-
ings. There is an admirable portrait of him in the pos-
session of his family by Hayes, a pupil of David, the
favourite artist of Napoleon ; "j" and there is a portrait
of him in the College by Henry Phillips, jun., copied
at the expense of the College from one belonging to the
family,
Geoege Bellamy, M.D., \Yas born at Plymouth and
educated at the United Borough hospitals. In 1793
he entered the navy and served in it for several years.
After participating in lord Howe's victory, he was cap-
tured off Brest in June, 1794, by five of the enemy's
frigates, but was shortly restored to liberty, when he
joined the Garland. He was next appointed to the
Bellerophon, lord Nelson's flag-ship, was warmly en-
gaged at the battle of the Nile, and saw much other
* Daubeny's Miscellanies : being a Collection of Memoirs and
Essays on Scientific and Literary Subjects, published at various
times. 2 vols. 8vo. Oxford and London. 1867. Vol. ii, p. 123.
t Medical Times, ut supra, p. 17.
vol. III. I
114 ROLL OF THE [1813
active service in the Mediterranean. He received a
medal with two clasps for lord Howe's action and the
battle of the Nile. He was created doctor of medicine
by the university of St. Andrew's 9th January, 1802,
and on the 17th February, 1813, was admitted an
Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians. Dr.
Bellamy was placed on the retired list in 1817, and
settled at Plymouth, where he practised for many years.
He died there 11th October, 1863, aged ninety.
Stephen Winthkop, M.D., was born in London and
was the son of an eminent city merchant, who was for
many years a director, and in 1804 and 1805 governor
of the bank of England. After a good classical educa-
tion at Gouda, in Holland, he was entered at St. John's
college, Cambridge, of which house he was subsequently
a fellow. He proceeded A.B. 1788, A.M. 1791, M.D.
1798, and settled in the first instance at Bury St. Ed-
mund's, but in 1803 removed to Warwick to occupy
the place of Dr. Lambe, who then removed to London.
Dr. Winthrop settled in London in 1811, and was ad-
mitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 6th
March, 1812, and a Fellow, 12th April, 1813. He
died at Little Bounds, near Tunbridge Wells, 21st
April, 1819, aged fifty-two.
Thomas Drever, M.D., was born in the Orkneys
and received his general education at Marischal col-
lege, Aberdeen. He commenced the study of medicine
under Dr. Livingstone of Aberdeen, and then removed
to Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of medicine
12th September, 1798 (D.M.I, de Pneumonia). Dr.
Drever practised for a time at Buxton and at Maccles-
field, and on the 12th April, 1813, was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians, shortly after
which he removed to London. He died in St. James's-
square 8th September, 1849, aged seventy-six.
Sir Thomas Grey, M.D., was the second son of John
18 13 J ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 115
Grey, esq., of Dryden, Selkirkshire, and was educated
as a surgeon, in which capacity he entered the royal
navy and saw much active service. He was created
doctor of medicine by the university of Aberdeen 29th
July, 1800, and was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 12th April, 1813. He was knighted
for his professional services first by the lord lieutenant
of Ireland, and afterwards by the Prince Regent in
1819. Sir Thomas Grey died at St. Lav/rence, in the
isle of Thanet, 17th July, 1846.
John Macdowell Mackenzie, M.D., a native of
Scotland and a doctor of medicine of St. Andrew's of
4th August, 1805, was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 12th April, 1813.
EiCHARD Byam Dennison, M.D., was born in Lon-
don, and was the only son of Richard Dennison, M.D.,
a member of the college already mentioned. He re-
ceived his medical education at Edinburgh, where he
raduated doctor of medicine 12th September, 1806
D.M.I de Graviditate). He was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 12th April, 1813. He
practised for a time at Bury St. Edmund's, but then
settled in town, devoted himself chiefly bo the practice
of midwifery, as his father had done before him, and
was for many years physician to the Royal Maternity
Lying-in charity and to Queen Charlotte's Lying-in
hospital. Eventually he retired to Margate, and in
1832 was appointed physician to the Royal Sea Bathing
infirmary there. Dr. Dennison died at Margate l7th
June, 1852, ? in the sixty-ninth year of his age.
John Foley, M.D., was born at Cork, and after a
good classical education in his native country went to
Edinburgh where he graduated doctor of medicine 24th
June, 1812 (D.M.I. de Diabete). He was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 12th April,
1813, and about the same time was appointed phy-
I 2
116 ROLL OF THE [1813
sician to the British Lying-in hospital in Brownlow-
street. He died at his residence in Charles-street,
Manchester-square, 14th December, 1846.
Henry Clements, M.D., a native of Dublin and a
doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 24th June, 1812
(D.M.I, de Apoplexia), was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 12th April, 1813, and I
believe died at Chelsea 15th November, 1842.
Joseph Cope, M.D., was born in Yorkshire, and ac-
quired the rudiments of his medical knowledge from
his father, a surgeon -apothecary who practised in the
neighbourhood of Pontefract. He continued his studies
at St. Bartholomew's hospital, and in 1793 entered the
medical service of the army, where he continued until
1802, when he retired with the rank of inspector of field
hospitals. He had before this entered himself at St.
John's college, Cambridge, and, as a member of that
house, proceeded M.B. 1805, M.D. 3rd July, 1810.
He was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physi-
cians 25th June, 1812, and a Fellow 25th June, 1813.
Dr. Cope was Gulstonian lecturer in 1813, Censor 1815
and 1826, and Begistrar from 4th April, 1814 to 1815.
He retired to his native place, Hems worth, near Ponte-
fract, and died there in or about the year 1843.
Andrew Bain, M.D., was born in the neighbourhood
of Edinburgh, and educated in the university of that
city, where he graduated doctor of medicine 24th June,
1780 (D.M.I. de Causis Febrium). He commenced his
medical career at Bath, where he practised with distin-
guished success for several years. Bemoving to Lon-
don, he was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 12th April, 1802, and a Fellow, special!
gratis, 25th June, 1813. Dr. Bain was gazetted physi-
cian extraordinary to the Prince Begent in 1811. He
withdrew from London in 1820, and retired to his seat,
Heffloton, CO. Dorset, where he died on the 30th April,
1827.
1813] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 117
David D. Davis, M.D., was born in Wales. He
matriculated at the college of Glasgow in 1797, and
graduated doctor of medicine there in 1801. He com-
menced the practice of his profession at Sheffield, and
in 1803 was elected physician to the infirmary of that
town, which office he retained until 1813, when he re-
moved to London and devoted himself to midwifery.
He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 25th June, 1813, and in the following January,
mainly on the recommendation of Dr. Denman and Dr.
John Clarke, was appointed physician to Queen Char-
lotte's Lying-in hospital. About this period he began
to lecture on midwifery and the diseases of women and
children, and could soon boast of one of the largest
private midwifery classes in the metropolis. He was
selected to attend the late duchess of Kent, at the
birth of her Majesty the Queen ; and in the arrange-
ments for opening the London university, now Uni-
versity college. Dr. Davis was nominated to the chair
of midwifery, to which on the establishment of Univer-
sity College hospital was added that of obstetric physi-
cian to the new institution. He retained both these
offices until a few weeks before his death, which occur-
red at his house in Russell-place, Fitzroy-square, on the
6th December, 1841, in the sixty-fourth year of his age.
His portrait, by John Jackson, R.A., painted in 1825,
is in the possession of his family. We owe to his pen '.
A Treatise on Insanity, by P. Pinel, M.D., translated from the
French by D. D. Davis, M.D. 8vo. Sheffield, 1806.
Elements of Operative Midwifery, comprising a description of
certain new and improved powers for assisting difficult and danger-
ous Labours. 4to. Lond. 1825.
The Principles and Practice of Obstetric Medicine ; in a Series of
Systema.tic Dissertations on Midwifery, and on the Diseases of
Women and Children. 2 vols. 4to. Lond. 1836.
Acute Hydrocephalus or Water in the Head, an inflammatory
disease, and curable equally and by the same means with other
diseases of Inflammation. 8vo. Lond. 1840.
James Tattersall, M.D., was born in Gloucester-
shire, and was the son of the Rev. Wilham Dechair
118 BOLL OF THE [1814
Tattersall, A.M., vicar of Wotton-under-Edge in that
county, and one of the chaplains to the king, by his
wife, Mary, eldest daughter of George Ward, of Wands-
worth, esq. In 1794, being then fourteen years of age,
he was admitted at St. Peter's, Westminster, whence
he was elected, in 1798, to Christ Church, Oxford, as a
member of which house he graduated A.B. 11th May,
1802, A.M. 5th July, 1805, and in that year was nomi-
nated to a faculty studentship. He proceeded M.B.
16th June, 1806, M.D. 6th July, 1811 ; was admitted
a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th Septem-
ber, 1812, and a Fellow 30th September, 1813. He
delivered the Gulstonian lectures in 1814, was Censor
in 1816, 1827, and Harveian orator in 1832. Dr.
Tattersall for many years before his death had with-
drawn from the exercise of his profession, and resided
at Ealing. He died at the rectory house, Howe, near
Norwich, 8th May, 1855, aged seventy-six.
Ralph Eden, M.D., was born in Sunderland. He
received a portion of his medical education at Edin-
burgh, where he attended the classes in 1807, 8, and 9,
but he completed it at the university of Upsal, where
he graduated doctor of medicine 18th October, 1812.
He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 4th April, 1814.
Thomas Coulson Carpenter, M.D., was born in
London, and in October, 1794, when about sixteen
years of age, went out as surgeon's mate on board
H.M. sloop Providence, then starting on a voyage of
discovery to the North Pacific ocean under the com-
mand of Captain W. E. Broughton. The vessel was
wrecked in Chinese waters in May, 1797, and Mr. Car-
penter in her. In the following month he was dis-
charged from his engagement, and returned to England.
He practised for some time as an apothecary, but with-
drawing from that branch of the profession, proceeded
to Glasgow, attended the medical classes from 1811
1814] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 119
to 1813, and graduated doctor of medicine there 9th
May, 1813 (D.M.L de Corpore Vivo). He was dis-
franchised of the society of Apothecaries 30th March,
1814, and was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 4th April, 1814. Dr. Carpenter settled at
Lyme Kegis, co. Dorset, and became recorder of that
town. He died at Birmingham whilst on his way to
Buxton for the benefit of his health, on the 10th Oc-
tober, 1833, aged fifty-five. He is commemorated by a
mural tablet in the church of Lyme Regis.
EoBERT Daun, M.D., was born at Insch, in Aber-
deenshire, 16th April, 1785, and was the eldest son of
the clergyman of that parish. He was educated at the
grammar school of Elgin, and at King's college, Aber-
deen, where he took a degree in arts in 1803. In the
following year he was appointed assistant surgeon in
the army and went out to India. On his return to
England he exchanged into the Scots Greys, and was
with them at Waterloo, and afterwards with the army
of occupation in Paris. He went again to India, served
there for some years, and finally returned to England
in 1825. He graduated doctor of medicine at Aber-
deen 21st October, 1813, was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 25th June, 1814, and died at
Edinburgh 14th June, 1871, aged eighty-six, being
then deputy inspector-general of hospitals. Dr. Daun's
reasoning powers are said to have been '' of a high
order, his favourite pursuits being the higher mathe-
matics and theology."'"''
Joseph Da Cunha, M.D., a doctor of medicine of
Aberdeen of 5th May, 1814, was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1814.
He practised at Oporto.
Thomas Dunne, M.D., was born in Worcestershire.
He was of Balliol college, Oxford; A.B. 30th May,
* Medical Times and Gazette of July 1, 1871, p. 24.
120 ROLL OF THE [1814
1804 ; A..M. 23r(l October, 1806 : M.B. 12tli December,
1810 ; and M.D. 17th June, 1813 ; was admitted a
Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th September,
1813, and a Fellow 30th September, 1814.
EiCHARD Harrison, M.D., was born in Lancashire.
Educated at St. John's college, Oxford, he graduated
A.B. 20th February, 1807; A.M. 21st June, 1809;
M.B. 28th June, 1810; M.D. 28th June, 1813. He was
admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th
September, 1813, and a Fellow 30th September, 1814.
He was Censor in 1 8 1 8, and Gulstonian lecturer in 1 820.
He died in Argyle-street, 10th January, 1825, aged
forty.
John Ayrton Paris, M.D., was born at Cambridge,
7th August, 1785, and was the son of Thomas Paris,
of Cambridge, by his wife Elizabeth, eldest daughter
of Edward Ayrton, of Trinity College, doctor of
music. When twelve years of age, he was placed
under Mr. Barker, of Trinity hall, Cambridge, and then
under Dr. Curteis, at the Grammar school of Linton.
Subsequently he was removed to London, and placed
under the private tuition of Dr. Bradley, one of the
physicians to the Westminster hospital, an accomplished
mathematician and a good classical scholar. With him
he read Latin and Greek, and acquired some knowledge
of botany. He was matriculated at Cambridge as a
pensioner of Caius college, 17th December, 1803, and
was elected to a Tancred studentship in Physic 3rd
January, 1804. From the commencement of his career
at Cambridge he evinced that strong predilection for
natural philosophy which characterised his future life.
He spent some time at Edinburgh, where, in addition
to improvement in the practical part of physic, he per-
fected the knowledge of chemistry and natural philo-
sophy he had acquired at Cambridge, by attendance on
the lectures of Dr. Hope and Mr. Playfair. He pro-
ceeded bachelor of medicine at Cambridge 2nd July,
1814] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 121
1808, took a licence ad practicandum from the univer-
sity shortly afterwards, and then came to London.
Here he had the good fortune to attract the notice of
Dr. Maton, who, struck by the extent and accuracy of
his chemical knowledge, warmly espoused his interests,
and constituted himself in the highest sense of the
term his patron. In the early part of 1809 Dr. Maton
resigned his office of physician to the Westminster
hospital, and on the 14th April, Dr. Paris being then
twenty-three years of age, was elected physician to that
institution. He entered on the duties of his office with
ardour, and soon afterwards commenced a course of
lectures on Pharmaceutic chemistry. On the 11th
December, 1809, he married Mary Cathorine, the eldest
daughter of Prancis Noble, esq., of Fordham abbey,
Cambridgeshire.
By his lectures and his writings, Dr. Paris had
already attained a name among his contemporaries, and
was regarded as one of the most rising members of his
profession, when a circumstance occurred which exerted
an important inffiience on his future career. The death,
in 1813, of Dr. John Bingham Borlase, the early in-
structor of Sir Humphry Davy, and for many years the
leading physician at Penzance, left a vacancy in that
part of Cornwall, which many of the resident families
were anxious to have efficiently supplied. Some in-
fluential gentlemen applied to Dr. Maton to recommend
them a physician. He named Dr. Paris, w^ho after
some hesitation, was induced for a time to forego his
prospects in London, and remove thither. Pre\dously
thereto he returned to Cambridge, was created doctor
of medicine 6th July, 1813, resigned his office at the
Westminster hospital, and having on the 30th Septem-
ber, 1813, been admitted a Candidate of the College
of Physicians, proceeded to Penzance, carrying with
him letters of introduction and recommendation to the
first families in Cornwall, most of which had been pro-
cured for him by Dr. Maton. Dr. Paris's progress in
Cornwall was rapid beyond his expectations, and he
122 BOLL OF THE [l814
was admitted on terms of friendship and intimacy with
the best families in the county. He co-operated with
them in eveiy etfort for the advancement of science, and
he urged them to exertions which without him would
not have been made. He it was who proposed, and
with the co-operation of scientific friends established in
the early part of 1814, the Eoyal Geological Society of
Cornwall. Dr. Paris had never intended to make a
lengthened stay in Cornwall, and in an elegant bio-
graphical sketch of his friend, the Rev. William Gregor,
A.M., who had distinguished himself by the discovery
of Manacchanite, or as it has since been termed
Gregorite, read before the Geological Society of Corn-
wall, at the anniversary meeting of 1817, he announces
his approaching departure, and takes an affectionate
farewell of the society he had himself founded. On
Dr. Paris's return to London, in 1817, he took up his
abode in Sackville-street, but in the following year re-
moved to Dover-street, Piccadilly. At this period he
began a course of lectures on Materia Medica, at Wind-
mill-street, which were continued for several successive
years, and contributed greatly to his reputation. To
a perfect knowledge of chemistry and botany, sound
common sense, and a keen perception of the fallacies
with which his subject in the lapse of ages had been
encumbered, he added the charms of elegant language,
abundant classical illustration, and a fund of anecdote,
which could not fail to rouse and rivet the attention of
his pupils. He soon became one of the most popular
lecturers on Materia Medica in London, and attracted
a considerable class, among which were many of the
most distinguished physicians of the next generation.
The College of Physicians (of which he had been ad-
mitted a Fellow, 30th September, 1814) had about this
time become possessed of one of the most complete col-
lections of Materia Medica in Europe. That of Dr.
Burges, presented to the College by Mr. E. A. Brande,
to whom it had been bequeathed, had then recently
been collated with the cabinet of Dr. Combe, purchased
1814] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 123
for that purpose ; and the College, anxious to make it
available for instruction and improvement, instituted
(out of their own funds) an annual course of lectures
on Materia Medica. The scientific attainments of Dr.
Paris, and the reputation he had already acquired as a
lecturer and a writer, pointed him out as the proper
occupant of the new chair. In June, 1819, he entered
upon the duties of the office by the delivery of a short
series of lectures on the " Philosophy of the Materia
Medica." The substance of these elegant discourses
was introduced into the third edition of his Pharma-
cologia, and its publication constitutes an epoch in the
history of the science and art of prescribing. Dr. Paris
retained his office until 1826, in which year he took for
his subject the recent additions to the Materia Medica,
with all the new discoveries in chemistry which had
reference to that subject. The attendance on these
lectures at the new College in PaU Mall East, was so
large, that numbers went away, unable to obtain even
standing room in the theatre. By his colleagues in the
College of Physicians Dr. Paris was held in the highest
respect. He was Censor in 1817, 1828, 1836, 1843;
Consiliarius 1836 and 1843. He delivered the Har-
veian oration in 1833, and he was named an Elect 25th
June, 1839. On the 20th March, 1844, he was elected
President of the College, an office to which he was
annually re-appointed, and which he continued to fill to
the time of his death. Dr. Paris had long suffered
from disease of the urinary organs ; and although sub-
ject to frequent attacks of agonising pain, he preserved
so calm an exterior, that few suspected the existence,
none the degree of the malady which was bringing him
to the grave. He died at his house in Dover-street,
24th December, 1856, in the seventy-second year of his
age. He was buried at Woking Cemetery.
Dr. Paris' s mental powers which were naturally
strong, had undergone that discipline which a complete
univeisity education and a deep study of chemistry are
so well calculated to impart. His memory was large
124 ROLL OF THE [1814
and singularly tenacious, a fact once acquired was never
lost, a passage once read he could reproduce at plea-
sure. The leading feature of his mind was a compre-
hensive clearness ; what he perceived he saw distinctly,
what he ha.d contemplated was present to his mind
under all its different relations and with all its varied
connections. He possessed a vigorous imagination and
a ready wit, and was keenly ahve to the facetiae of
human character. His reading had been extensive but
discursive rather than deep. The impressions he had
received were preserved in their primitive strength and
in their original words ; and his good sense and judg-
ment led him to apply them with admirable effect.
To an extensive knowledge of natural philosophy, he
added a competent acquaintance with ancient and mo-
dern literature, of which his excellent memory enabled
him to make the best use. He had a great command
of language, and his choice of words was singularly
happy. His writings are characterised by an elegance
peculiarly his own. Their difiuseness, depending as it
does, on the number and variety of his illustrations and
the frequency and beauty of his metaphors, adds to,
rather than detracts from, the pleasure of their perusal.
His general attainments, conversational powers, quick-
ness of repartee, and fund of anecdote, which he told
with the happiest efiect, rendered him an acquisition to
any society. Under a plain exterior he possessed many
of the best qualities of our nature. To a manly straight-
forwardness of purpose and action, and an intense hatred
of dissimulation or pretence were added considerable
self-possession and marked decision of character. Those
admitted to his intimacy can testify to the kindness of
his disposition and the warmth of his heart. Dr. Paris's
knowledge of chemistry was extensive and profound.
To this fascinating science he had early devoted him-
self; and he attracted notice on first settling in London
by the extent and precision of his chemical attainments.
These brought him into communication with WoUaston,
Davy, Young, and others, when chemistry was under-
1814] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 125
going one of the most important revolutions which its
history presents, and was assuming its rank among the
most exact and demonstrative of the inductive sciences.
The association with these distinguished philosophers
maintained his interest in that science. Notwithstand-
ing the distractions of an increasing practice he still de-
voted much of his time to chemistry, and until within
a short period of his death kept himself on a level with
the rapid advances it was making. Although his name
is not associated with any great discovery in chemistry,
the respect in which he was held and the deference
paid to his opinions by the first chemical philosophers
of his ao^e, suffice to attest the extent of his attain-
ments.''^
* Inter illos qui, in memoria recentiori, artem nostram, et litteras,
turn scientiae, tum roedicinae, ornaverunt, prgeses nuperns noster —
nobis quam veneratus ! quam deflendas ! — eminet Parisius,
' Qnis desiderio sit pndor, aut modus,
Turn cari capitis ? '
Pama sua micat, ut dicit ille Yenusinus
' velut inter ignes
Luna minores.'
Ille (quo nullus jucundior, amantior nullus) per annos triginta et
quinque amicitia sua me dignum habuit ; nieum est igitur de in-
genio suo et doctrina in arte medicinse vos facere certos. Ilium
mens et indoles egregiaB, incitamentis istis vilioribus, quibus tam
multi, etiam apud nos medicos, proh pudor ! imperantur, longe
longeque superiorem reddidit.
Scripta sua, a me manu frequenti versata, non solum in facundia
et fundi copia, sed etiam in exemplis e scientia deductis — in con-
ceptione nova, et e mente propria profluente, — in modo, denique,
materiam suam tractandi vere philosophico — inclyta sunt scripto-
ribus exempla. Illo docente, sit nostrum res atque principia me-
dicinae scientiaeque investigare, et litteris adcuratioribus evulgare.
Stylo biogra,phico ter callide est usus ipse Parisius. Amici sui,
illustrissimi Humpbrei Davy vitam, litteris quibus vix ullse sunt
apud nos elegantiores, consignavit — viam lethi, prob dolor ! ipse
jam conculcavit.
' Ergo Quinctilinm perpetuus sapor
Urguet ? Cui Pudor, et Justitiae soror
Incorrupta Fides, nudaque Veritas
Quando ullum invenient parem ?
126 ROLL OF THE [1814
But Dr. Paris was the iDventor of the safety bar, a
simple means of preventing the premature explosion of
gunpowder in blasting rocks, and obviating the destruc-
tion of lives which formerly occurred in the Cornish
mines. It has come into general use there, and has
proved an inestimable boon to the miner. In practical
value, the safety bar is second only to the safety lamp
of Davy, and like that should confer immortality on the
name of its inventor. " By this simple but admirable
invention,'' says a writer in The Times, " Dr. Paris no
doubt saved more lives than many heroes have de-
stroyed."
Dr. Paris's writings are numerous and important.
A Memoir on the Physiology of the Egg. 8vo. Lond. 1810.
A Syllabus of a Course of Lectures on Pharmaceutic Chemistry.
8vo. Lond. 1811.
Pharmacologia on the History of Medicinal Substances. 12mo.
Lond. 1812. 3rd edition. 8vo. Lond. 1820. 4th edition. 8vo.
Lond. December, 1820. 5th edition. 8vo. Lond. 1822. 6th edi-
tion. 1825. 7th edition. 1829. 8th edition. 1833. 9th edition,
wholly re- written, 1843.
A Guide to the Mount's Bay and the Land's End. 12rao. Pen-
zance. 1815. (Anonymous.)
A Memoir of the Life and Scientific Labours of the Rev. William
Gregor, A.M. 1817.
A Biographical Memoir of W. G. Maton, M.D. Roy. 8vo. Lond.
1838.
A Biographical Memoir of Arthur Young, Esq., Secretary to the
Board of Agriculture.
Medical Jurisprudence (in conjunction with J. S. M. Fonblanque,
Esq.). 3 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1823.
The Elements of Medical Chemistry, embracing only those
branches of Chemical Science which are calculated to illustrate
or explain the different objects of Medicine. 8vo. Lond. 1825.
A Treatise on Diet, with a view to establish on practical grounds
a System of Rules for the Prevention and Cure of the Diseases in-
cident to a disordered state of the Digestive Functions. 8vo. Lond.
1827. 5th edition. 1837.*
The Life of Sir Humphry Davy, Bart. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond.
1831.
Multis ille bonis flebilis occidit
Nulli flebilior quam,' — mihi.
Oratio ex Harveii Instituto habita die quinto ante Cal. Jul.,
MDCCCLVII a Jacobo Copland, M.D., pp. 7 and 8.
1814] EOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 127
Philosophy in Sport made Science in Earnest. 3 vols, small
8vo. Lond. 1827. Anonymous. 8th edition. 1 vol. 1857.
William Sainsbury, M.D., was born in Wiltshire
and graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh 24th
June, 1809 (D.M.I de Apoplexia). He was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians SOth September,
1814, and settled at Corsham, in his native county,
where lie practised for many years and died 20th Sep-
tember, 1839, aged eighty -one. He was buried at
West Lavington.
Sir Charles Scudamore, M.D., was the third son
of Mr. William Scudamore, a medical practitioner at
Wye, in the county of Kent, where he was born in
1779. He was educated at Wye under the Rev. Philip
Parsons, and was then apprenticed to his father. He
spent three years at the United Borough hospitals and
then settled in general practice at High gate, where he
remained for ten years. Having determined to qualify
himself as a physician and practise in London he pro-
ceeded to Edinburgh, where he attended the medical
classes in 1813, and graduated doctor of medicine at
Glasgow 6th May, 1814 (D.M.I. de Arthritide). On the
30th September, 1814, he was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians, when he commenced practice
in town and in 1820 was appointed physician to prince
Leopold of Saxe-Gotha. He accompanied the duke of
Northumberland, when lord lieutenant of Ireland, as
his private medical attendant and was knighted by him
at Dublin 30th September, 1829. Sir Charles Scuda-
more was accustomed to pass a portion of each year at
Buxton, and he filled the office of physician to the Bux-
ton Bath charity. Sir Charles died at his house in
Wimpole-street from disease of the heart 4tli August,
1849, aged seventy. He was the author of
An Analysis of the Mineral Water of Tnnbridge Wells, witli
some Account of its Medicinal Properties. 8vo. Lond. 1816.
A Treatise on the Gont and morbid state of the Digestive Organs,
with observations on Rheumatism. 8vo. Lond. 1816.
128 ROLL OF THE [1814
A Chemical and Medical Report of the Properties of the Mineral
Waters of Buxton, Matlock, Tunbridge Wells, Harrogate, Bath, &c.
8vo. Lond. 1820.
An Essay on the Blood and on the circnmstances which influence
Coagulation, the nature of the Buffj Coat and state of the Blood in
Disease, with an account of Alum as a styptic remedy in Haemor-
rhage. 8vo. Lond. 1824.
Observations on the use of Colchicum Autumnale in the treat-
ment of Gout. 8vo. Lond. 1825.
Observation on M. Laennec's Method of forming a Diagnosis of
Diseases of the Chest by the Stethoscope and Percussion. 8vo.
Lond. 1826.
A Treatise on the Nature and Cure of Rheumatism with Observa-
tions on Rheumatic Neuralgia and on Spasmodic Neuralgia or Tic
Douloureux. 8vo. Lond. 1827.
The Analysis and Medical Properties of the Tepid Springs of
Buxton, with Cases and Observations. 8vo. Lond. 1830.
Cases illustrating the Remedial Power of the Inhalation of Iodine
and Conium in Tubercular Phthisis. 8vo. Lond. 1834.
A Letter to Dr. Chambers on the Nature and Treatment of Gout.
8vo. Lond. 1839.
A Medical Visit to Grafenberg to investigate the Water-cure
Treatment. 8vo. Lond. 1843.
On Pulmonary Consumption and on Bronchial and Laryngeal
Disease. 8vo. Lond. 1847.
James Proud Johnson, M.D., was the son of James
Johnson, esq., of Monksfield, co. Montgomery, by his
second wife, Susannah, the only surviving daughter of
Joseph Proud, esq., of Bilston, co. Staftbrd, and was
born 14th July, 1784. He was created doctor of medi-
cine by the university of St. Andrew's 23rd September,
1805, and was admitted a Fellow of the College of
Physicians of Edinburgh 6th November, 1810. He
was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of
Physicians of London 3rd October, 1 8 1 4, at which time
he was practising at Shrewsbury. Dr. Johnson was
appointed physician to the Salop infirmary in 1814, and
retainfd that office for a quarter of a century, resigning
it in 1839 and in 1841 withdrawing from the practice
of his profession. He was high sheriff of Montgomery-
shire in 1836 and was a magistrate for that county and
for Salop. He died at Brussels on the 17th January,
1860.
1814] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 129
Samuel McGuffog, M.D., a doctor of medicine of
Aberdeen of 10th November, 1804, was admitted an
Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians 5th De-
cember, 1814. " He settled at Constantinople as phy-
sician to the English factory, soon obtained a large
practice and raised high the estimation of British medi-
cine. Dr. McGuffog was an accomplished physician :
he stood aloof from the intrigues on which most medi-
cal practitioners in Constantinople had hitherto relied,
and while fulfilling his duties he maintained the rights
of his profession and secured proper respect from all
classes of the inhabitants." He died at Constantinople
15th June, 1856.
William Bag el, M.D., was born in Surrey. He com-
menced his medical education at Guy's hospital and
completed it at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor
of medicine 24th June, 1808 (D.M.I, de Dysenteria).
He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians 22nd December, 1814, and on the 17th March,
1819, was elected physician to Guy's hospital. He
retained that office until 1840, when he retired in
great measure from medical practice. Dr. Back died
at Clapham park 6th November, 1856, aged seventy-
Four.
Sir Charles Fergusson Forbes, M.D., K.C.H.,
received his medical education in London, and in 1798
entered the Army Medical Service. He accompanied
the expedition to the Helder, in 1799, and was present
at the attack on Ferrol, in the following year. In 1801
he served with the army in Egypt, under Sir Balph
Abercrombie, and subsequently at Malta and Gibraltar.
In 1808 and 1809 he served in Gallicia, undef Sir John
Moore, and finally in the Peninsula, under the duke of
Wellington, until the peace of 1814. He received the
war medal with five clasps, for Egypt, Corunna, Busaco,
Badajos, and St. Sebastian. He was a Knight of the
Crescent and of the Hanoverian Guelphic order ; the
VOL. III. K
130 ROLL OF THE [1815
latter was conferred on him by the late king Ernest, in
1842. Sir Charles Forbes had gradiiated doctor of
medicine at Edinburgh, 24th Jmie, 1808 (D.M.I, de
Febribus Intermittentibus), and on the 22nd December,
1814, was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians, when he settled as a physician in London. He
was admitted a Fellow of the College of Physicians 10th
July, 1841 ; and at the time of his death, which oc-
curred on the 22nd March, 1852, at his house in Argyle-
street, Eegent-street, was deputy inspector-general of
army hospitals.
Thomas Donahoo, M.D., was born in the county of
Cavan, and educated at Trinity college, Dublin, where
he graduated bachelor of arts 15th January, 1799. Of
his medical education I can recover no particulars. He
w^as created doctor of medicine by the university of St.
Andrew's, 2nd September, 1809, and was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 22nd December,
1814. Dr. Donahoo was in the medical service of the
army, and was principal medical officer at Brussels at
the time of the battle of Waterloo. He died at Tor-
quay, 16th February, 1838, aged sixt}/-nine.
Clement Bancks, M.D., of the university of Paris,
was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians 22nd February, 1815.
Theodore Gordon, M.D., was born in Aberdeen-
shire, and after an ordinary school education, was sent
to King's college, Aberdeen, where he completed his
general and commenced his medical studies. Removing
to Edinburgh, he there graduated master of arts 29th
March, 1802. In the following year he entered the
army, and as assistant surgeon to the 91st Foot, w^ent
first to Hanover, and then to Portugal ; was present at
the battles of Ptolica and Yimiera, and narrowly es-
caped with his life when cast away in the river Douro.
He was appointed surgeon to the 89th Foot in 1809,
1815] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 131
and was present at the unfortunate affair at Fuengerola,
under Lord Blaney. With the 4th Foot or Kings
Own, into which he exchanged in ]811, he served in
Ceuta, and was one of the commission for the cession
of that fortress to Spain. Returning with his regiment
to the Peninsula, he had the honour of accompanying
the duke of WeUington through a large portion of his
career of victory ; having been present at the battle of
Salamanca, in the retreat from Burgos, at the battle of
Vittoria, the siege of St. Sebastian, and the passage of
the Bidassoa, in which last affair, while in medical
charge of the 5th division, he was seriously wounded
in the head and neck. In 1813 he was appointed
surgeon to the forces, and had the charge of York
hospital. He graduated doctor of medicine at Aber-
deen, 23rd November, 1814, and was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 20th March, 1815.
In that year he was appointed physician to the forces,
and was again engaged in foreign service. He had the
superintendence of the French wounded, at Brussels,
after the battle of Waterloo, and he accompanied the
advance on Paris, and had charge of the military hospi-
tal of St. Louis, in that city. In the beginning of 1816
Dr. Gordon was appointed professional assistant in the
Army Medical Board office, the arduous and important
duties of which he continued to perform until within a
few weeks of his death. Dr. Gordon's long and able
services were finally crowned in 1818, by the deputy
in specter- generalship of hospitals, which was the highest
rank to which he attained. He was admitted -a Fellow
of the College of Physicians, 4th July, 1838, and died
at Brighton on the 30th March, 1845, in the fifty-ninth
year of his age.'"'
Stephen Luke, M.D., was born at Penzance in 1763,
and educated by the Rev. James Parker, a gentleman
who sent into the world many distinguished scholars.
At a suitable age he was apprenticed to Mr. Pichard
* Medical Gazette.
K 2
132 ■ ROLL OF THE [l815
Moyle, an apothecary at Marazion ; and subsequently
proceeded to London, where and in Paris he spent three
years in the study of his profession. Returning to
England, he became a member of the corporation of
Surgeons, and commenced practice in London. His
health however giving way, he returned to Cornwall
and entered into partnership with a surgeon apothecary
at Helston. On the 24th June, 1792, he received the
degree of doctor of medicine from the university of
Aberdeen, and about the same time married Miss Har-
riot Vyvyan, a sister of the Cornish baronet of that
name. Jn the same year Dr. Luke settled as a physi-
cian at Falmouth, and remained there for several years.
His progress in this character was unusually rapid. He
soon attained the highest reputation in the county of
Cornwall, and his business for many years was more
extensive and lucrative than that of any physician west
of Plymouth. During the period of Dr. Luke's resi-
dence at Falmouth, that town was the scene of much
business and activity. Most of the foreign packets
sailed from that port. The charge of the quarantine
was committed to Dr. Luke, and this appointment in-
troduced him to all the practice in the packet and mer-
chant service. Almost all invalids then leaving the
kingdom for the benefit of their health were compelled
by the circumstances of the war to pass through Fal-
mouth to their destination. Travelling was then tedi-
ous and fatiguing, detention ere getting on board was
a frequent occurrence, and, as a consequence, a large
number of patients came under the temporary care and
observation of Dr. Luke. Not a few of these remained
in Cornwall for the sole purpose of availing themselves
of his assistance, and for such patients the neighbour-
ing village of Flushing offered an appropriate winter
residence. Dr. Luke was admitted an Extra-Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 23rd July, 1806.
Dr. Luke's health had never been very robust, and
the fatigies of a country practice extending over a large
district, were becoming more than his strength could
1815] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 1,33
bear. In 1808 lie determined on leaving Falmouth,
and proceeded to make his arrangements for settling in
London. With a view to securing a good position in
the metropolis and the fellowship of the College of Phy-
sicians, to the attainment of which a doctor's degree
from one of the two Enghsh universities was essential,
he determined to enter at Cambridge and proceed regu-
larly to his degree on such short and occasional resi-
dences as the university then permitted to those in-
tended for physic. He entered at Jesus College, then
removed to Edinburgh for the session of 1808-9 ; re-
turned to Cambridge ; kept a few terms, and, in 1811,
took up his abode at Exeter, with no intention of
making any lengthened stay there, but to pass away
the time which must elapse before he could be admitted
to his degree in physic at Cambridge. Dr. Parr, the
learned author of the London Medical Dictionary, 2 vols.
4to. 1809, had but recently died when Dr. Luke went to
Exeter ; a fair scope for business was therefore open to
him, and those who knew Dr. Luke well, have assured
me that he rapidly obtained confidence, and was largely
employed, and that his removal from Exeter in 1814 or
1815 was very generally regretted. Dr. Luke went
from Exeter to Cambridge, and whilst there was instru-
mental in saving the life of the master of his college,
Dr. Pearce, who was suddenly attacked with paralysis,
under which it was thought he would have succumbed
had it not been for Dr. Luke's prompt and energetic
treatment. Dr. Luke did not wait for his Cambridge
degree before settling in London. He was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 26th June, 1815,
in the following year he obtained his degree of M.B.
from. Cambridge, and in 1821 proceeded M.D. in due
course. In 1828 Dr. Luke was gazetted physician ex-
traordinary to the king (George lY). He was admitted
a Candidate of the College 22nd December, 1828, and
died a few weeks after, at his house in Cavendish-
square, 3 0th March, 1829, aged sixty-six.
134 ROLL OF THE [1815
David Plenderleath, M.D., was born in Scotland,
and descended from an ancient and respectable family
that had been settled for many centuries in Peeblesshire,
and trace their descent from Gulielmus de Plenderleath,
mentioned in Eagman's EolL Dr. Plenderleath re-
ceived his early education at the High school of Edin-
burgh, and in 1802 commenced the study of medicine
in London, but completed it at Edinburgh, where he
graduated doctor of medicine 24th June, 1807 (D.M.I,
de Pneumonia). He began the practice of his profes-
sion at Reading, and on the 26th June, 1815, was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians, shortly
after which he established himself in London, but even-
tually removed to Eamsgate. Dr. Plenderleath was
admitted a Fellow of the College of Physicians 6th
July, 1844. He died in 1851 or 1852.
PtOBERT Richardson, M.D., was born in the county
of Stirling. He received his early education at the
grammar school of Stirling, on leaving which, he pro-
ceeded to Glasgow, where he went through the usual
curriculum in arts, and then applied himself to the
study of medicine, which he pursued first at Glasgow
and subsequently at Edinburgh, where he graduated
doctor of medicine 12th September, 1807 (D.M.L de
Veneno). After practising for a time in Dumfriesshire,
he accepted the office of travelling physician to viscount
Mountjoy. On the termination of his engagement. Dr.
Richardson settled in London, and was admitted a Li-
centiate of the College of Physicians 26th June, 1815.
He died in Gordon-street, Gordon-square, 5th Novem-
ber, 1847, aged sixty-eight, and was buried in High-
gate cemetery.
Robert Chisholm, M.D., was born in Dorsetshire,
and took his degree of doctor of medicine at Edinburgh
12th September, 1808 (D.M.L de Rheumatismo). He
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
2Gth June, 1815, and about that time settled at Ash-
1815] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 135
ford, CO. Kent, but eventually removed to Canterbury,
and in 1823, on the death of Dr. Packe, was appointed
physician to the Kent and Canterbury hospital. He
shared with Dr. H. W. Carter, to be subsequently
mentioned, the medical business and emoluments of
Canterbury and a wide extent of the surrounding
county, and was much esteemed by all classes. Dur-
ing the latter years of his life he took a very active
part in the politics of the city and county, and was
president of the Conservative Association. Dr. Chis-
holm died 29th August, 1838, aged fifty-two, and is
commemorated by a tablet in the nave of Canterbury
cathedral, placed there by his friends and fellow-
citizens. It bears the following inscription : —
To the Memory of
Robert Chisholm, Esq., M.D.,
formerly of Ashmore, in the county of Dorset, but late of
Canterbury,
where he practised many years as a physician generally,
and in the Kent and Canterbury hospital :
In this field of usefulness, his professional skill, and his general
benevolence of heart, diffusing their effects through a large circle
of rich and poor, have caused his loss to be felt as a public cala-
mity.
This Tablet is erected by his Friends and fellow Citizens, who are
desirous of recording their sense of his worth.
Died 29th August, 1838, aged 52.
Miguel Caetano de Castro, M.D., was born at Eio
de Janeiro, where he received the rudiments of a good
classical education. He was then sent to Europe and
in the university of Coimbra, the chief seat of Portu-
guese learning, continued his general studies and then
applied himself to medicine. He next went to Edin-
burgh, where he graduated doctor of medicine 24th
June, 1811 (D.M.I. de Aquse frigidae usu). He settled,
in the first instance, in Devonshii'e, but soon removed
to London in consequence of having been desired to
superintend the publication of an important Portuguese
work, the " Investigador Portuguez." He was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians, 26th June,
136 ROLL OF THE [1815
1815, and sliortly afterwards was appointed physician
to the Portuguese embassy at the court of St. James.
In 1820 he had settled at Lisbon.
Hugh Bone, M.D., a native of Ayrshire and a doctor
of medicine of Glasgow of 26th April, 1815, was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 26tli
June, 1815. He entered the army, saw much active
service, and attained to the rank of inspector-general
of hospitals. Dr. Bone died at Picardy-place, Edin-
burgh, on the 13th February, 1858, in the 81st year of
his age.
Henry Salemi, M.D., a doctor of medicine of the
university of Palermo of 7th February, 1810, was ad-
mitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians,
29th June, 1815.
John Noble Johnson, M.D., was born in Bucking-
hamshire, but was descended from an old and respectable
family in Lincolnshire. He was the son of a physician
who after many years of active and successful life, and
the death of a relative, (the last descendant of one
branch of the Nobles of Leicestershire, wath whom he
was allied on his mother's side,) retired to bis native
county. Dr. J. Noble Johnson was educated in Lincoln-
, shire, and at Magdalen hall, Oxford, as a member of
which he proceeded A.B. 25th June, 1807 ; A.M. 2nd
May, 1810; M.B. 22nd May, 1811; M.D. 27th January,
1814. He was admitted an Incept or- Candidate'"' of the
* Statute co7istituting the New Order of Inceptor Candidates.
1812, Sept. IS.— Quandoquideni nonnulli sunt, qnibus propter
Licentiam ad practicandum in Medicina ab Academia sive Oxo-
niensi sive Cantabrigiensi, per totam Angliam praeter urbem Lon-
dini et intra septem milliaria in circuitu ejusdem per Statuta Hegni
licet Medicinam exercere, nulla coram nobis babita examinatione ;
volumus, praemissis non obstantibus, ut umisquisque eornm qui
annum octavum a prima commoratione sua in alterutra Acade-
miarum preedictarum compleverit, et annum setatis suae vicesimum
Kcxtum clauserit, et ea quoecunque de ordine Candidatorum pra»-
fiCfipta fuerint, pixeter Doctoratus in Medicina gradum, pifestiterit
1815] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 137
College of Physicians 12th April, 1813; a Candidate
30th September, 1814 ; and a Fellow 30th September,
1815. He was Gulstonian lecturer in ] 8 1 6, and Censor
the same year. Dr. Johnson was elected physician to
the Westminster hospital in 1818, and resigned his
office there in 1822. He died at his lodgings in the
Albany on the 6th October, 1823. We owe to his re-
search an admirable " Life of Thomas Linacre, doctor in
medicine, physician to king Henry VIII, the tutor and
friend of Sir Thomas More, and the founder of the Col-
lege of Physicians in London : with Memoirs of his co-
temporaries, and of the rise and progress of learning,
more particularly of the schools from the ninth to the
sixteenth century, inclusive," 8vo. Lond., which ap-
peared (in 1835) after the author's death, under the
editorship of Eobert Graves, of the Inner Temple, bar-
rister-at-law.
Grant David Yeats, M.D., was the son of David
Yeats, M.D., was born in Florida, in 1773, and edu-
cated at Hertford college, Oxford. He proceeded A.B.
15th October, 1793 ; A.M. 25th May, 1796 ; M.B. 4th
May, 1797. He spent two winter sessions at Edin-
burgh, and one in London, when he * commenced the
business of his profession at Bedford, where he assisted
in the establishment of the Bedford General infirmary,
and at a later period of the Lunatic asylum near that
town, to both of which institutions he was nominated
postquam in tribiis Comitiis sive majoribus sive minoribus, pro
arbitrio Preesidentis et Censorum ant eorum majoris partis secun-
dum formam de Candidatis dictam examinatus et approbatus faerit,
admittatur ad Medicinae Facultatem exercendam in urbe Londino
et intra septem milliaria in circniti ejnsdem, si ita visum fuerit
majori parti Sociorum in Comitiis majoribus praesentium, sufiragiis
per pilas occnlte acceptis : volumus quoque ut locum infra Medi-
cinae Doctores in ordine Candidatoruui occupet, nomine Candidati
Inceptoeis designatus.
Si quis vero ita admissus gradum Doctoris Medicinae in alterutra
Acaderniarum praedictarum intra triennium non susceperit, sta-
tuimus et ordinamus ilium e Candidatorum ordine excidisse, nisi
gravi aliqua de causa alitur visum fuerit majori parti Sociorum in
Comitiis majoribus praesentium.
138 KOLL OF THE [1815
physician. He accompanied John duke of Bedford to
Dublin, in the capacity of private physician, on the
appointment of that nobleman to the Lord Lieutenancy
of Ireland, in March, 1806, and remained there until
his grace's return in April, 1807, when he resumed his
position at Bedford. He graduated doctor of medicine
at Oxford, as a member of Trinity college, 7th June,
1814; and about that time removed to London. Dr.
Yeats was admitted a Candidate of the College of Phy-
sicians 30th September, 1814; a Fellow 30th September,
1815. He was Gulstonian lecturer in 1817; Censor,
1818 ; and Croonian lecturer in 1827. He was elected
a fellow of the Eoyal Society 1st July, 1819, and died
at Tunbridge Wells, 14th November, 1836, and was the
author of —
Observations on tlie Claims of the Moderns to some Discoveries
in Chemistry and Physiology. 8vo. Lond. 1798.
An Address on the Nature and Efficacy of the Cow Pox in pre-
venting the Small Pox. 8vo. 1803.
A Statement of the Early Symptoms which lead to Water in the
Brain. 8vo. Lond. 1815.
John Black all, M.D., was the third in descent
from Offspring Blackall, D.D., bishop of Exeter, who
died in 1716. He was the sixth son of the Rev.
Theophilus Blackall, a prebendary of Exeter cathedral,
by his wife Elizabeth Ley, and was born in St. Paul's-
street, Exeter, 24th December, 1771. He was educated
at the Exeter grammar school, whence he proceeded to
Baliol college, Oxford, as a member of which he gra-
duated A.B. 29th January, 1793 ; A.M. 3rd May, 1796 ;
M.B. 4th May, 1797 ; and M.D. 2nd March, 1801. Im-
mediately after taking his first degree in arts, he applied
himself to the study of medicine at St. Bartholomew's
hospital, under Dr. John Latham. In 1797 Dr. Blackall
settled in his native city, and on the 1st of June in that
year was chosen physician to the Devon and Exeter
hospital. He failed at that time ^in securing the pro-
fessional confidence of his fellow- citizens, v^^hich was
then engrossed by Dr. Hugh Downman, still remem-
1815] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 139
bered as a pleasing poet ; Dr. Bartholomew Parr, a
person of very extensive attainments, a good practical
physician, and the author of the London Medical Dic-
tionary, 3 vols. 4to ; and Dr. George Daniell, who by
the suavity of his address, and his marriage with a
daughter of the house of Poltimore, had secured to him-
self a body of warm and influential supporters. In 1801
Dr. Blackall resigned his office at the hospital, and
quitted Exeter for the neighbouring town of Totnes.
There his merits were at once recognised, and met with
a suitable return. He soon obtained the reputation of
being the physician of the district, and laid the founda-
tion for a personal and general confidence, which his
subsequent change of residence did not destroy. In
1807, Dr. Blackall was persuaded, though not without
difficulty, and after much hesitation, to return to Exeter,
where a vacancy had occurred in the hospital by the
resignation of Dr. Moore. In June, 1807, he was again
elected physician to the Devon and Exeter hospital, and
in 1812 was appointed physician to St. Thomas's Luna-
tic asylum, near the city.
In 1813 Dr. Blackall published his well known and
admirable '' Observations on the Nature and Cure of
Dropsies." 8vo. Lond. This work, which ran through
four editions, at once placed its author in the rank of
the first physicians of his day, and acquired for him an
European reputation. Id it the whole history of dropsy,
hitherto very imperfectly known in a practical point of
view, was classified and arranged in groups, having
reference to a single remarkable symptom, the presence
or absence of albumen in the urine, then shown to be of
the most vital significance.
Dr. BlackaU was admitted a Candidate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 22nd December, 1814, and a Fellow
22nd December, 1815. His progress from this period
was rapid and uninterrupted, and the death of Dr.
Daniell in 1822 left him without a rival in the western
counties. For a long series of years his business was
extensive and lucrative. It comprised not only Exeter
140 ROLL OF THE [1815
and its immediate neighbourhood, but Devonshire and
the adjoining counties ^v hither he was often summoned
in cases of emergency or obscurity. Dr. Blackall re-
tained his mental and bodily energies through an un-
usually protracted period, and it was not until he had
attained the age of eighty years that he relinquished
the duties of private practice, and only a few years pre-
viously those attached to his public appointments. He
died 10th January, 1860, at the advanced age of 88,
and was followed to the grave (in the burial ground
attached to the church of the Holy Trinity, Exeter)
by a large body of relations and friends and the whole
of the medical profession residing within the city.
" As a physician," writes Dr. Shapter,''' from whose
memoir of his friend the above particulars are condensed,
" Dr. Blackall was truly learned. His information on
medical matters, singularly extensive and accurate, had
been qualified by a wide and varied research into many
departments of human knowledge. His diagnostic
powers were of the very highest order. Though it may
be perhaps said that caution Vvas one of the chief of his
medical characteristics, yet this quality by no means
prevented him from exercising a remarkable degree of
boldness where experience or analogy justified such in-
terference. Above all, as he was clear in his perception
of disease, so was he simple in the character of his reme-
dies ; patient in waiting for results, far seeing, firm, and
self-relying. Personally, he became identified with his
patient. Feeling an almost sacred responsibility in the
health of those entrusted to his care, his solicitude for
them was constant, and no labour was thought too great ,
no investigation spared that would tend to add to their
comfort and well-doing. As a consulting practitioner,
it may be asserted that no physician ever more entirely
won the esteem of his professional brethren. Those who
sought his aid in that capacity ever felt and appreciated
the advantages enjoyed from his co-operation ; the as-
sistance derived from the resources and instruction thus
* British Medical Journal, 28tli January, 18G0.
1815] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 141
laid open to them ; and the confidence and support af-
forded by his judgment and firmness." Dr. Blackall's
portrait by K. K. Eeinagle, E.A., has been engraved
by S. Cousins, A.KA.
Samuel Cleverley, M.D., was born at Gravesend,
and was the son of Mr. William Cleverley, a ship-
builder in that town. He received his early education
at a school in Rochester, and selecting medicine as his
profession, was sent for two years to the borough hos-
pitals and then to Edinburgh, where he graduated doc-
tor of medicine 24th June, 1797 (D.M.I, de Anasarca).
Soon afterwards he visited the continent and passed
some considerable time at Halle, Gottingen, Vienna,
and Paris. He was detained a prisoner in France, and
remained there for eleven years. Fontainbleau, Ver-
dun, and Valenciennes, were successively assigned him
as places of confinement, and at the latter he spent the
greater part of the long period of his detention. This
dep6t was one of the most numerous in France, and the
prisoners at the time of Dr. Cleverley 's arrival were in
the greatest want of medical assistance. He accord-
ingly proposed to the Committee of Verdun, an asso-
ciation of the principal British officers and gentlemen
in France, charged with the general distribution of cha-
ritable succours obtained from England, to give them
his gratuitous care, which was gladly accepted, and a
dispensary was, in consequence, established, though not
without great difficulties from the French military au-
thorities. Such, however, were its manifest advantages,
that the baron de Pommereul, prefect of the departe-
ment du Nord, during his official visit to the depot, sent
for Dr. Cleverley, and thanking him for the services he
had already rendered to his countrymen, authorised him
in writing not only to continue them, but even to take
charge of the British in the public hospital.'" Dr. Cle-
verley returned to England in 1814, and had the satis-
* Authentic Memoirs of the most eminent Physicians, &c. 2nd
edit. 8vo. Lond., 1818, p. 479 et seq.
142 ROLL OF THE [1815
faction of receiving for his services abroad the marked
thanks of the managing committee of Lloyd's. Shortly
afterwards, he fixed his residence in London, and on
the 22nd December, 1815, was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians. He was appointed one of
til 6 physicians to the London Fever hospital, but did
not long survive, and died at his house in Queen Anne-
street on the 10th November, 1824.
Helenus Scott, M.D., was born at Dundee^ and re-
ceived his medical education at Edinburgh, where he
attended the medical classes during the three years
1777, 1778, 1779, and then entered the service of the
East India company. He pi-oceeded to Bombay, of the
medical board of which presidency he eventually became
the first member. He was created doctor of medicine
by the university of Aberdeen, 24th June, 1797. After
an active and meritorious service of thirty years, most
of which was passed in India, Dr. Scott retired with an
ample fortune, and returning to England, devoted him-
self again to medical lectures and study, and was a dili-
gent attendant on the lectures of Mr. Wilson, Mr. (sub-
sequently Sir) Charles Bell, and Mr. Brande. On the
22nd December, 1815, he was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians. He settled, in the first in-
stance, at Bath ; but about 1817 removed to London,
'where his extensive Indian connection and the reputation
he had acquired in the treatment of hepatic disease, soon
opened to him a large share of professional employment.
He is remembered as the author of the practice of ex-
tensively exhibiting the nitric and nitro-muriatic acids
both internally and externally in the hepatic, syphilitic,
' and other maladies of India. Dr. Scott died on the
16th November, 1821, in the course of a voyage to New
South Wales. " Dr. Scott," writes his friend, Sir James
McGrigor,"^' *'was no common man, and his life, had he
written it, would have been replete with adventure and
interest."
* The Autobiography and Services of Sir James McG rigor,
Bart. 8vo. Lond. 1861, p. 99.
181G] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 143
John Edwaiid Freake, M.D., a Londoner born, and
a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 1st August, 1815
(D.M.I, de Yentriculo), was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 22nd December, 1815. He
died in Percy-street, after a few days' illness, on the
13th July, 1822, aged thirty-nine.
Francisco Eomero, M.D. A doctor of medicine of
Catalonia was admitted an Extra- Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 30th January, 1816. He practised
at Tunis.
Henry Smith, M.D. A doctor of medicine of the
university of St. Andrew's of 1815, was admitted an
Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians, 5th
March, 1816. He practised at Salisbury, was physi-
cian to the infirmary there, and died in the early part
of 1817, in his forty-third year, being at the time an
alderman and magistra,te of that city.
William Clark, M.D., was born 5th April, 1789,
and educated at Trinity college, Cambridge, of which
house he became a fellow. He proceeded A.B. 1808;
A.M. 1811; had a licence to practise from the univer-
sity, 5th July, 1813 ; and M.D. 1827. He was ad
mitted an Inceptor-Candidate of the College of Phy-
sicians, 8th April, 1816 ; a Candidate, 26th July, 1827 ;
and a Fellow, 25th June, 1830. In 1817, he was ap-
pointed professor of anatomy at Cambridge, and it was
at his election to that office that lord Byron, who had
been his friend in college, made his last appearance in
the senate-house for the purpose of giving him a vote.'"'
The duties of his professorship Dr. Clark discharged
with zeal and success for nearly half a century, and his
services were recognised at his retirement in 1866 by a
public subscription among the members of the univer-
sity for a bust in commemoration of his merits. Dr.
Clark, who many years previously to the resignation of
* Lancet. Vol. ii. 1869.
144 ROLL OF THE [1816
his professorship, had received ordination in the church
of England, died 15th September, 1869, in the eighty-
second year of his age.
Joseph Mitchell, M.D., a native of Kent, and a
doctor of medicine of Ediiibiugh of 12th September,
1789 (D.M.T. de Hysteria), was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 8th April, 1816.
William Silyer, M.D., was the son of Thomas Sil-
ver, M.D., who for many years resided at Portsmouth,
and engrossed the chief practice of that town and neigh-
bourhood, and who died in 1795. Dr. William Silver
was educated at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor
of medicine 25th June, 1804 (D.M.I, de Antimonio),
and on the 19th October, ] 807, was admitted an Extra-
Pi centiate of the College of Physicians. He commenced
practice at Chichester in 1805, but in 1813 accompanied
the duke and duchess of Bedford to the continent in the
capacity of their domestic physician. After an absence
of two years he returned to England, settled in London,
and on the 8th April, 1816, was admitted a Licentiate
of the College. He is probably the William Silver,
M.D., who died at Sion house, Clifton, 19th January,
1865, aged eighty-five.
Sir Henry Holland, Bart., M.D., was born 27th
(Jctober, 1788, at Knutsford, in Cheshire, and was the
son of Mr. Peter Holland, a much respected medical
])ractitioner in that town. In his eleventh year he was
placed as a pupil with the Be v. William Turner of New-
castle-upon-Tyne, and after residing with him for four
years, \^•ent for one year to the school of Dr. Estlin,
near Bristol. At sixteen he became an articled clerk to
a great mercantile house in Liverpool, with the privi-
lege, reserved to him, of passing two sessions at the col-
lege of Glasgow in furtherance of his general education.
These two sessions (1804 and 5, and 1805 and 6) vir-
tually decided the course of his future life. He returned
1816] ROYAL COLLEGE OF FHYSICIANS. 145
to the office in Liverpool in the interval between them ;
but at the close of the second session at Glasgow he ob-
tained a release from his articles. He then turned to the
study of medicine, and in October, 1806, proceeded to
Edinburgh, where he went through the ordinary course
of medical studies ; and where, with the intervention of
two winters spent in London attending lectures and the
two borough hospitals, he graduated doctor of medi-
cine 12th September, 1811 (D.M.L delslandise Morbis).
His love of travel and of society — the society of per-
sons of rank and station, and of all who had already
succeeded in attaining to celebrity in any departm^ent
of Hterature or science, or in any of the varied walks in
life — his two most obvious characteristics, were early
manifested. In 1810 he accompanied Sir George Mac-
kenzie and Dr, Kichard Bright to Iceland, where they,
spent four months ; and the eddt of having made this
journey, and some other circumstances, gained for him
admission to much of the best society of the northern
capital. Early in 1812 he quitted England for Portu-
gal, Gibraltar, Sardinia, Sicily, the Ionian Isles, and
Greece. The publication in 1814 of a narrative of the
eastern portion of these travels, served to introduce him
into good society in London, as had the publication of
his contributions to Sir George Mackenzie's Travels in
Iceland done for him in Edinburgh in 1811. In the
summer of 1814, Dr. Holland accepted the appointment
of domestic physician to Caroline princess of Wales ;
engaging to accompany her royal highness on her
travels and remain with her during the first year of her
intended residence on the continent. The duties of this
very delicate position he performed with marked pru-
dence, and he passed without discredit or impeachment
of his tact through the examination to which he was
subjected at the bar of the House of Lords, when he was
called as a witness at the queen s trial.
Sir Henry Holland was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 8th April, 1816, and then entered
on his professional life in London. His early success
VOL. IIL L
14G ROLL OF THE [1816
in business, which was great, was materially aided by
visits for four successive years, at the close of the Lon-
don season, to Spa, then in much repute and largely
visited. His progress was uninterrupted ; it was too
well and too early assured to need the aid of any hospital
appointment, which though once contemplated was
never possessed, nor indeed sought for by him. At an
early period of his career he resolved to limit his pro-
fessional exertions to the procuring an income of five
thousand a year, and from this determination he never
swerved. Sir Henry Holland was admitted a Fellow
of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1828 : he de-
livered the Gulstonian lectures in 1830, was Censor in
1832, 1836, and 1842, and Consiliarius in 1836, 1839,
1844, 1845, 1846, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1869. On the
16th April, 1835, he was gazetted physician extraordi-
nary to the king (William IV). But it was not until
the next reign that his medical relations with the court
were other than nominal. On the accession of the queen
to the throne in 1837 he was appointed one of her ma-
jesty's physicians extraordinary, and on the queen's
marriage he was honoured with the like appointment
on the establishment of the prince Consort. At the
close of 1852 he was gazetted physician in ordinary to
the queen ; and in April, 1853, was created a baronet ;
an honour which had been offered to him by lord Mel-
bourne in 1841, but had then, from prudential motives,
been declined. At the Oxford commemoration of 1 856
he received the honorary degree of doctor of civil law.
Sir Henry Holland's love and capability of travel
continued to the last. During the whole of his length-
ened professional career in London, extending to over
half a century, there were but two years, and these
were devoted to Scotch and Irish excursions, in which
he had not passed two autumnal months in journey or
voyage abroad, accomplishing greater distances as
nearer objects became exhausted, and finding compen-
sation for growing age in the increased facilities of travel.
In the series of these annual journeys, he visited (and
1816] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 147
niDst of them repeatedly) every capital in Europe. He
made eight voyages to the United States and Canada,
travelling over more than 26,000 miles of the American
continent ; one voyage to Jamaica and the other West
India islands ; made four voyages to the East ; three
tours in Russia ; two in Iceland ; several in Sweden,
Norway, Spain, Portucral, and Italy ; voyages to the
Canary islands, Madeira, Dalmatia, &c. ; and, to use his
own words, "other excursions which it would be tedious
to enumerate." Sir Henry Holland had through life
enjoyed an unwonted share of health, and he continued
hale and vigorous to the last. But his lengthened
travels were carried to an excess. " The length and
rapidity of his journeys/' writes Dr. Williams,'" "which
were his boast, became his snare, and advanced as
his age was, we can hardly doubt that it might have
been further prolonged had not his enthusiasm carried
him within the last two months of his life, first to the
north of Russia, and then to the south of Italy." To-
wards the completion of this tour v/hich he had been
making with his son, the Rev. F. J. Holland, he at-
tended the trial of marshal Bazaine, at Versailles, and
dined that same day (Friday, 24th October, 1873), at
the British embassy, in Paris, where he was especially
remarked as "cheerful and happy, and full of conver-
sation." He returned to London the following day
(Saturday), and died at his house in Brook-street, on
Monday, October 27, 1873, on his eighty-sixth birthday.
Sir Henry Holland " was a remarkable instance of a
man rising to eminence in his profession, whilst entirely
cut off from all professional interests. Yet no name
was better known in polite society during the last fifty
years, and few failed to recognise the slight figure, bowed
of late by age, and the intellectual face, with its piercing
eyes. Sir Henry was essentially homme de socicte, and
having early in life gained his footing as a practitioner
among the upper ten thousand, it was his pleasure —
* Proceedings of the Royal Medical and Cliirurgical Society of
London. Vol. vii, p. 245.
L 2
148 ROLL OF THE [181
perhaps his foible — to be on intimate, or apparently in-
timate terms with every one of note. Whether in
actual medical attendance or not upon any sick cele-
brity, Sir Henry's carriage was to be seen waiting at
the door, and he always liad the latest bulletin of the
invalid s health. Admitted as a medical friend where
others were denied, he enjoyed great opportunities of
thoroughly knowing all those with whom he was inti-
mate, and his remarks on deceased celebrities in his
* Recollections of Past Life,' have thrown light upon
the characters of many of the brilliant circle of wits and
litterateurs with whom he was brought in contact."''"
Sir Henry Holland was an able and frequent contri-
butor to the Quarterly and Edinburgh Reviews. In
his profession he will be remembered by his ^* Medical
Notes and Reflections." 8vo. Lond. 1839 ; a work
pregnant with information and with thought. It com-
prises a number of detached essays on various subjects
relating to the philosophy and to the practice of medi-
cine, and aflbrds proof of its author's acuteness. A few
of the chapters having closer relation to mental philo-
sophy than to medicine, were detached from the last
edition of the " Medical Notes," and with some other
essays on kindred subjects, were published in 1852, in
one volume, entitled " Chapters on Mental Physiology."
He also published in one volume, a selection from his
" Essays on Scientific and other Subjects contributed
to the Edinburgh and Quarterly Reviews." Of this
celebrated man, it has been truly remarked that " as
a physician his practice, distinguished as it was, was
more aristocratic than extensive ; that his path in lite-
rature lay more in dilettanti criticism than in solid
authorship ; and that his contributions to medical and
other sciences were more in speculative and suggestive
essays than in careful observation or profound re-
search."t Sir Henry Holland's last contribution to our
literature, his " Recollections of Past Life," Svo. Lond.
* Lancet, November 1, 1873, p. 650.
t Dr. C. J. B. Williams, ut supra, vol. vii, p. 244.
1816] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 149
1872, is one of the most amusing of books. It gives
a pleasing sketch of his numerous travels, and many
most interesting notices of the distinguished persons
he had met. As an autobiography it is unique. It has
an individuality peculiarly its own ; it vividly portrays
the character of its author, and we do not exceed the
bounds of truth when we say, that no one but Sir
Henry Holland could have written such a book. He
left behind him a volume of manuscript papers, the
thoughts and speculations of former years, reduced into
more definite form as regards the subjects, and studi-
ously rendered as concise as possible, which have been
edited by his son, the Hev. Francis J. Holland, under
the title, '^ Fragmentary Papers on Science and other
Subjects." 8vo. Lond. 1875. To these are added three
reviews contributed by Sir Henry to the Edinburgh
Eeview in 1864, 1871 and 1873. Sir Henry Holland
was twice married; first to Margaret Emma, daughter
of James Caldwell, esq., by w^hom he had two sons
and one daughter ; secondly, to Saba, daughter of the
Hev. Sydney Smith, canon of St. Paul's, by whom he
had two daughters.
Whitlock Nicholl, M.D., was born in 1786 at
Treddington, co. Worcester, and was the son of the
Eev. Iltyd Nicholl, D.D., rector of that parish, by his
wife Ann, daughter of George Hatch, esq., of Windsor.
The death of his father, when he was scarcely two years
old, led to his removal shortly afterwards to the house
of his uncle, the Rev. John Nicholl, a man of learning
and great benevolence, from whom he appears to have
derived the elements of bis education. In 1802 he was
placed with Mr. Bevan, a respectable medical prac-
titioner at Cowbridge, in Glamorganshire, and in 1806
was entered a pupil of St. George's hospital. He at-
tended the lectures of Mr. Wilson, Dr. Hooper, Dr. Pear-
son, Dr. John Clarke, and Sir Everard Home ; in 1808
was appointed house surgeon of the Lock hospital, and in
the spring of the following year was admitted a member
150 ROLL OF THE [1816
of the Royal college of Surgeons. Eeturning to Cow-
bridge he entered into partnership with his former
master, Mr. Bevan, but in 1816 removed to Ludlow, in
Shropshire, when he reUnquished general practice and
acted thenceforward as a physician. He was created
doctor of medicine by Marischal college, Aberdeen, 1 7th
May, 1816, and was admitted an Extra- Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 8th June, 1816. In Octo-
ber of the following year (1817), through the interest
of his relation, Sir John Nicholl, he was created doctor
of medicine by the archbishop of Canterbury. Dr.
Niclioll's success at Ludlow was fully equal to his ex-
pectations. His leisure time was devoted to study and
writing, and most of his medical publications, whether
in the journals of the day or separate, were completed
and published during his residence in Shropshire. No
small portion of his time was given to biblical studies,
and to enable him to prosecute them with greater effect
and satisfaction to himself be commenced the study of
Hebrew, to a very competent knowledge of which lan-
guage he eventually attained. In 1826 Dr. Nicholl
quitted Ludlow and repaired to London. In prepara-
tion for this change, and in order to comply with the
requirements of the college, he matriculated at Glas-
gow in November, 1825, and graduated doctor of medi-
cine there the 17th March, 1826. He was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 26th June, 1826,
and then settled in London. He was elected a fellow
of the Eoyal Society 18th February, 1830. For some
years he possessed a select and respectable practice.
Severe and repeated domestic afflictions determined him
in 1835 to quit the metropolis and devote himself to
the care and education of his children. After various
changes of abode he finally settled at Wimbledon, where
he died on the 3rd December, 1838. We have from
his pen —
A Sketch of the Economy of Man. 8vo. Loncl. 1819.
General Elements of Pathology. 8vo. Lond. 1820.
1816] BOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 151
Practical Remarks on the disordered states of the Cerebral Struc-
tures occurring in Infants. 8vo. Lond. 1821.
An Analysis of Christianity, exhibiting a connected View of the
Scriptures and showing the Unity of Subject which pervades the
whole of the Sacred Volume. 8vo. Lond. 1823.
Nugae Hebraicse.
Nature the Preacher. A Tract. 1837.
Remarks on the breaking and eating of Bread and drinking of
Wine in commemoration of the Passion of Christ. 8vo. Lond. 1837.
An Inquiry into the Nature and Prospects of the Adamite Race
as viewed in connexion with the Scheme of Christianity. 8vo.
Lond. 1838.
Some writings left behind in MS., but unfinislied at
the time of Dr. Nicholl's death, were collected and pub-
lished, with "A Slight Sketch" of his life, in 1841.
This volume contains Thoughts in Ehyme ; A concise
and familiar View of Mental Perception and of the Fal-
lacies to which it is liable, with general remarks on
the Credibility of Human Testimony; An Analysis of
the Primary Kecord of the Pentateuch ; Hints for Im-
proving the Condition of the Poorer Classes ; On the
Divinity of Christ ; and On Hades and Heaven.
David Da vies, M.D., was educated as a surgeon, in
which capacity he practised for many years at Bristol,
where he held for more than half a century the office
of surgeon to St. Peter's hospital. He was created
doctor of medicine by the university of St. Andrew's
5th August, 180.9, and was admitted an Extra-Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 8th June, 1816. He
died at Bristol 5th February, 1844, aged eighty-four.
He was the author of
An Essay on Mercury, including Practical Remarks on the Safest
and most Effectual Methods of administering it for the Cure of
Liver Complaints, Dropsies, Syphilis, and other formidable diseases
incident to the Human Frame. 8vo. Lond. 1820.
Bartholomew de Sanctis, M.D., a doctor of medi-
cine of the university of Rome, of 29th December, 1802,
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
30th September, 1816.
152 ROLL OF THE [1816
George Gregory, M.D., was the second son of the
Bev. William Gregory, of Canterbury, rector of St.
Andrew's and St. Mary Bredman, in that city, and one
of the six preachers of the cathedral, through whom he
inherited a name which was long associated with science
and literature. James Gregory, the contemporary of
Newton and the inventor of the Gregorian telescope,
was his ancestor, and he was the grandson of John Gre-
gory, M. D., professor of medicine in the university of
Edinburgh, the friend and colleague of CuUen, and de-
servedly celebrated as the author of the " Lectures on
the Duties and Qualifications of a Physician," " The
Comparative View of Man," and " A Father's Legacy to
his Daughters." Dr. George Gregory was born in the
Precincts, Canterbury, 16th August, 1790, and received
his preparatory education at the King's school, in that
city. On the death of his father in 1803, he proceeded
to Edinburgh, where he was welcomed as an inmate to
the house of his uncle, Dr. James Gregory, the distin-
guished author of the Conspectus Medicinse Theoreticae,
by w^hom his general and professional studies were di-
rected. He attended the general classes in the uni-
versity, and in 1806 commenced the study of medicine,
which he pursued for three years in Edinburgh. In
1809 he removed to London and continued them at St.
George s hospital and the Windmill-street school, under
the knmediate superintendence of Dr. Matthew Baillie,
who m early life had contracted an intimate friendship
with Dr. Gregory's father at Baliol college, Oxford. Be-
turning to Edinburgh, he graduated doctor of medicine
there 12th September, 1811 (D.M.L de Phthisi Pul-
monali), and on the 2nd July, 1812, as a preliminary
step to entering the army, was admitted a member of
the College of Surgeons of London. Shortly after this
he was gazetted hospital assistant to the forces, and
in 1813 was sent to the Mediterranean. He served for
three years with ditierent corps in Sicily and Italy, and
was present and actively employed under Lord William
Bentmck during the short but successful campaign in
18 L6] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 153
the north of Italy which terminated in the capture of
Genoa. Keturning to England, he was placed on half-
pay, and having on the 30th September, 1816, been
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians, he
commenced business in London. He soon began to lec-
ture on the theory and practice of physic, and for several
years commanded a large and remunerative class. In
1824 he was elected physician to the Small-pox and
Vaccination hospital, an office in which he took the
most lively interest, and which he continued to hold to
the time of his decease. His connection with this in-
stitution furnished him with the materials for his nu-
merous writings on small-pox and vaccination. Dr.
Gregory was admitted a Fellow of the College of Phy-
sicians 30th September, 1839. He died at his house in
Camden-square of disease of the heart 25th January,
1853, and was buried at Kensal-green. Dr. Gregory
wrote largely in the medical journals, and was one of
the contributors to the Cyclopaedia of Practical Medicine
and to the Library of Medicine. His separate publica-
tions were —
A Lecture on Dropsy. 8vo. Lond.
The Elements of the Theory and Practice of Physic, 2 vols. 8vo.
1820. 6th edit. 1846.
Lectures on the Eruptive Eevers, delivered at St. Thomas's hos-
pital in January, 1843. 8vo. Lond. 1843.
William Moore, M.D., was the third son of D.
Moore, of Dublin, esq. He received his general edu-
cation in Dublin, and there commenced the study of
medicine, which he continued at Edinburgh, where he
graduated doctor of medichie 1st August, 1815 (D.M.I.
de Bile). He settled in London, and was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th Septem-
ber, 1816, but did not long survive, and died at his
house in Percy-street 30th October, 1817.
Edward Thomas Monro, M.D., was born in Lon-
don, and was the son of Thomas Monro, M.D., a Fel-
low of the College, before mentioned. He was of Oriel
154 ROLL OF THE [1816
college, Oxford, and, as a member of that house, pro-
ceeded A.B. 4th May, 1809, A.M. 28th June, 1810,
M.B. 24th October, 1811, and M.D. 15th January,
1814. He was admitted a Candidate of the College of
Physicians 22nd December, 1815, a Fellow 23rd De-
cember, 1816 ; was Censor in 1819, 1829, 1837 ; Har-
veian orator, 1834; Consiliarius, 1837, 1846, 1852;
Elect, 30th September, 1842, and Treasurer from 25th
June, 1845, to 1854. Dr. Monro, hke four generations
of his ancestors, devoted himself to the treatment of
insanity, and, like each of them, was physician to Beth-
lem hospital. He died at Bushy, co. Herts, 25th Janu-
ary, 1856, aged sixty-six. Dr. Monro's portrait, painted
by his son, Henry Monro, M.D., and presented by him
to the College, is in the dining-room.
William Henby Fitton, M.D., was the son of Ni-
cholas Fitton, esq., of Dublin, and was born in that
city in January, 1780. He was educated at Trinity
college, Dublin ; gained a senior scholarship there m
1798, and graduated A.B. in 1799. Being intended for
a physician, he removed to Edinburgh, and after the
usual course of study there, graduated doctor of medi-
cine 12th September, 1810 (D.M.I, de Pneumonia). He
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
30th September, 1811, and then settled with his
widowed mother and three sisters at Northampton.
He took his degree of doctor of medicine at Trinity
college, Dublin, 1 1th July, 1815, and having on the 15th
November following been incorporated on that degree
at Cambridge, he came again before our Censor's board
and was admitted a Candidate of the College 22nd
December, 1815, and a Fellow 23rd December, 1816.
After a residence of eight years in Northampton, Dr.
F'itton married a lady of good means, when he withdrew
from practice, and, removing to London, devoted him-
self to the pursuit of science, and especially of geology.
He was admitted a fellow of the Eoyal Society in 181 5,
and was one of the most active and distinguished fel-
1816] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 155
lows of the Geological Society, which he served for
several years as secretary, and eventually as president.
In 1852, when Dr. Fitton had for some years ceased
from active labour, the Society conferred on their vete-
ran associate the highest honour in their gift — the medal
founded by his dear friend Wollaston. Dr. Fitton died
at his house in Sussex-gardens 13th May, 1861, in his
eighty-second year. He was a frequent writer in the
Edinburgh Review, and contributed to it from 1817 to
1841 a series of articles which present an enlightened
commentary on the progress of geology during the
eventful thirty years of which they treat. But the re-
searches on which the reputation of Dr. Fitton as a
geologist will most enduringly rest, " are those by which
during twelve active years of his life (from 1824 to 1836)
he laboriously developed the true descending order of
succession, from the chalk downwards into the oolitic
formations as exhibited in the south east of England
and in the adjoining parts of France. Before these
labours commenced geologists had only confused notions
as to the order of the strata beneath the chalk, as well
as of the imbedded fossil remains of each stratum. It
was Fitton who made the greensand formations his
own, by clearly defining the position and character of
the upper and lower greensands as separated by the
gault." '"'
EiCHARD Bright, M.D., was descended from a family
of old and respectable standing in Herefordshire. He
was the third son of Richard Bright of Ham Green, in
the county of Somerset, esq., a merchant and banker
of substance and standing in Bristol, which city his
eldest brother represented in three successive parlia-
ments. He was born in September, 1789, at Bristol,
and educated at a school in the immediate neighbour-
hood, kept by Dr. Estlin, and subsequently at Exeter,
under the private tuition of Dr. Carpenter. In the
* Proooodings of the Tlojal Soc. of London, vol. xii, p. .5,
et seq.
15f) ROLL OF THE [1816
autumn of 1808 he proceeded to Edinburgh, where he
resided in the house of the Rev. Robert Morehead, one
of the clergymen of the episcopal chapel in Edinburgh,
a man of refined taste and elegant attainments. During
the first year he devoted himself exclusively to the lec-
tures of Dugald Stewart on Moral Philosophy and Po-
litical Economy ; of Playfair on Natural Philosophy,
and of Leslie on Mathematics ; but in 1809 applied to
the study of medicine. In the summer of 1810 he ac-
companied Sir George Mackenzie and his fellow student
the future Sir Henry Holland, on a visit to Iceland.
He contributed to Sir George's published account of that
tour the portions connected wdth botany and natural
history. On his return, he came to London to continue
his medical studies at the Borough hospitals, and took
up his residence within the walls of * Guy's,' living in the
house of one of the officers of the establishment. After
two years thus spent he returned to Edinburgh and
graduated doctor of medicine 13th September, 1813
(D.M.L de Erysipelate Contagioso). Keturning to Lon-
don he became a pupil of Dr. Bateman at the Public
dispensary, and continued his studies at Guy's hospital.
In the summer of 1814 Dr. Bright started on a length-
ened continental tour. After visiting Holland and Bel-
gium, he proceeded to Berlin, where he passed some
months, attending the practice of Horn at the hospital
of La Charite, and of Hufeland at the Polyclinique.
From Berlin he went to Dresden, and from Dresden to
Vienna, where he attended the practice of Hildenbrand,
of Bust, and of Beer. In the spring of 1 8 1 5 Dr. Briglit
made a tour through Lower Hungary. He arrived at
Brussels on his way homewards, about a fortnight after
the battle of Waterloo, and found in the hospitals there
much matter of professional interest.
Dr. Bright was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians 23rd December, 1816, and shortly after-
wards was elected assistant-physician to the London
Fever hospital, where, during a severe epidemic, he
contracted fever and narrowly escaped with his life. In
1816] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 157
the autumn of 1818, he again visited the continent.
He spent several months in Germany, and passed by
the Tyro] into Italy, returning through Switzerland and
France. On his return to England in 1820, he esta-
blished himself in Bloomsbury-square, in the same year
was appointed assistant-physician, and in 1824 physi-
cian to Guy's hospital. From the first, he took an
active part in the business of teaching, as well in the
wards as in the lecture-room. In 1822, he began to
lecture at Guy's on botany and materia medica, and in
1824, on the theory and practice of physic, in con-
nection first with Dr. Cholmeley and afterwards with
Dr. Addison. His devotion to the duties of his office,
and to pathology in particular, throughout the whole
period of his connection with the hospital was most
remarkable. During many years he spent at least six
hours a-day in that great practical school, carrying
his researches constantly and with untiring patience,
whenever he could do so, to the ultimate test of the
morbid appearances after death. It was there that he
laid the foundation for those discoveries in renal dis-
ease which immortalised his name. Dr. Bright's " Re-
ports of Medical Cases, selected with a view to illus-
trate the Symptoms and Cure of Diseases by a reference
to Morbid Anatomy,'^ appeared in two volumes, quarto,
1827 — 1831. Upon each and all of the varied subjects
treated in this work. Dr. Bright showed the most saga-
cious observation, -untiring industry, and wonderful
powers of investigating truth, the end and aim of all his
work. The appearance of the first volume in 1827
marks, and indeed in itself constitutes, an epoch in the
history of medicine. In it are contained the chief facts
and inferences on which his great discovery in renal pa-
thology was based. The importance of albumen in the
urine as a symptom of dropsy had been already esta-
blished by the researches of Dr. Black all and Dr. Wells.
But it was Dr. Bright who connected that symptom
with disorganisation of the kidney, elucidated its causes
and consequences, and in truth, in so doing, gave to
158 ROLL OF THE [1816
the world a new pathology. '* It is curious and instruc-
tive to us all," said his friend, Sir Charles Locock, " to
note how closely and entirely he worked out his inves-
tigations ; how absorbed he was solely in making out
their true value, without apparently wishing to make a
point or a brilliant hit, but quietly and gradually clear-
ing away doubts and difficulties, and ending in axioms
which have been universally recognised, because felt to
be genuine and true.""" Great as was the import in Dr.
Bright's opinion of the conditions of kidney he had
described, fitly termed after him morbus Brightii, and
Bright's disease, the tendency of more recent research
is to extend rather than to limit its significance, and to
show that in many instances at least it is to be accepted
as evidence of degeneration in the system at large ; of
which more general degeneration the kidney disease is
but a part. In further proof, if that be needed, of Dr.
Bright's unrivalled powers of observation, it may be
added that he was one of the first who described acute
yellow atrophy of the liver, pigmentation of the brain
in miasmatic melansemia. condensation of the lung in
hooping cough, unilateral convulsion without loss of
consciousness in local cerebral diseases, and the cardiac
murmur in chorea. f
Dr. Bright was admitted a Fellow of the College of
PhysiciaDs, 25th June, 1832; he was Gulstonian lee--
turer in 1833, Lumleian lecturer in 1837, Censor in
1836 and 1839, and Consiharius 1838, 1843. In
1837, on the accession of her Majesty to the throne, he
was appointed physician extraordinary to the queen.
Dr. Bright died at his house in Savile-row on the
16th December, 1858, in the sixty-ninth year of his
age, after an illness of only four days' duration, sinking
from profuse haemorrhage from the stomach and bowels,
connected with long-standing disease of the aortic valves.
* Sir Charles Locock's Address to the Royal Med. Chir. Society,
1st March, 1859.
t Dr. Wilks's Historical Notes on Bright's Disease, Addison's
Disease, and Hodgkins's Disease.
18 IG] ROYAL COLLEGE OF niYSICIANS. 159
He was buried at Kensal-green. In the church of St.
James's, Piccadilly, is a simple mural monument, with
the following inscription : —
Sacred to the memory of
Richard Bright, M.D., D.C.L.,
Physician Extraordinary to the Queen,
Fellow of the Royal Society and other learned bodies.
He departed this life on the 16th December, 1858,
in the sixty-ninth year of his age.
He contributed to medical science many discoveries
and works of great value ;
and died while in the full practice of his profession.
After a life of warm affection,
unsullied purity, and great usefulness.
Dr. Bright " was of a remarkably even temper and
cheerful disposition ; most considerate towards the fail-
ings of others, but severe in the discipline of his own
mind. He was sincerely religious both in doctrine and
in practice, and of so pure a mind that he never was
heard to utter a sentiment or to relate an anecdcte that
was not fit to be heard by the merest child or the most
refined female. He was an afiectionate husband and an
excellent father, not only taking the most lively in-
terest in the welfare of his children and in their pur-
suits, but never so happy as when he had them around
him. He was perhaps better known abroad throughout
-the civilized world than any other British physician of
modern times, and in his ow n country was pre-eminently
sought for by his professional brethren in cases of difiti-
cult diagnosis. His eminent position was fairly, though
tardily, won by his thoroughly practical writings and
great discoveries ; and was sustained by his amiable
manners, by his uniformly honourable conduct to liis
professional brethren, his sound judgment and know-
ledge of disease, and by the pains which he took in in-
vestigating the most minute particulars of every case
which was brought before him.'^'"
Dr. Bright was twice married ; first to Martha, young-
* Medical Times and Gazette of 25th December, 1858, and Petti-
grew's Medical Portrait Gallery, vol. ii.
160 ROLL OF THE [1816
est daughter of William Babington, M D., F.R.S., and
secondly to the youngest daughter of Benjamin Follett,
of Topsham, co. Devon, esq., a sister to Sir William
Webb Follett. He left a widow, two daughters, and
three sons. The College possesses a portrait and a
fine bust of Dr. Bright. The bust was presented by
his widow ; the portrait was painted at the expense of
the College, " in honour of his memory.'^
Dr. Bright s writings are numerous and important.
Beside his contributions to Sir George Mackenzie's
Travels in Iceland, we owe to him —
Travels from ^^ienna througli Lower Hungary, with some Re-
marks on the State of Vienna during the Congress in the year
1814. 4to. Edin. 1818.
Reports of Medical Cases, selected with a view to illustrate the
Symptoms and Cure of Diseases by a reference to Morbid Anatomy.
2 vols. 4to. Loni. 1827—1831.
Vol. I. Anasarca, Ascites, Dropsical Effasion, Pneumonia,
Phthisis, Fever. 1827.
Vol. II Tin 2 parts). Diseases of the Brain and Nervous System.
1831.
Address at the Commencement of a Course of Lectures on the
Practice of Medicine. 8vo. Lond. 1832.
Dr. Bright was a frequent contributor to the Medico-
Chirurgical Transactions and to the Guy's Hospital Re-
ports. All that he subsequently added, and it is much,
in confirmation or completion of his original state-
ments on renal pathology, is contained in the Guy's
Hospital Reports. In the same volumes are a series of
papers on Physconia, which have been collected into
one volume, under the editorship of Dr. Barlow, and
published by the New Sydenham Society as — •
Clinical Memoirs on Abdominal Tumours and Intumescence.
8vo. Lond. 1860.
William Barrow, M.D., a doctor of medicine, but
of what university is not stated in the Annals, was ad-
mitted an Extra-Licentiate of the ColJege of Physicians
27th March, 1817. He practised at Liverpool, was
physician to the Fever hospital and Lunatic asylum
1817] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 161
there, and died of fever, caught in the discharge of his
duties at the hospital, on the 12th November, 1817.
We have from his pen —
Researches on Pulmonary Plitliisis from the French of G. L.
Bayle, D.M.P., by William Barrow, M.D. 8vo. Liverpool, 1815.
Neil Arnott, M.D., was born on the 15th May, 1788,
at Arbroath, in Angusshire. His father died early.
His mother was a Maclean, and it was from her
that Neil Arnott inherited his remarkable gifts both of
body and mind. His education began partly under his
mother, and partly in the parochial school of Lunan,
near Arbi'oath. After successive migrations to Mon-
trose and to the Catholic college of Blairs, Neil Arnott
was put to the grammar school of Aberdeen, in Novem-
ber, 1798, where he had lord Byron as a companion.
He made rapid progress in Latin, and gained a bursary
in Mariscbal college, which he entered in 1801. He
went through the customary course of four years, and
in the third year applied himself to the study of na-
tural philosophy, a subject which had for him an absorb-
ing interest, and which it was his good fortune ta
pursue under professor Copland, a proficient in the
subject, which he made doubly fascinating by his clear
style and beautiful ex] eriments. It was these lectures
that gave Arnott his first distinct impulse in physica,}^
science. He took full notes of professor CoplaiK p>
lectures, and turned them to good account in his afuer
studies. He graduated master of arts in 1805. He
began the study of medicine at Aberdeen, and con-
tinued it in London, at St. George's hospital. He was
a pupil of Sir Everard Home, whose notice he attracted
by his quickness of apprehension, and particularly by
his rapid mastery of Sir Everard's mode of treating
stricture of the urethra. Through the influence of
Sir Everard he obtained an appointment in the East
India company's medical service, and went out in a
vessel the captain of which was suffering from stricture,
vol. hi. m
162 TIOLL or THE [1817
and who desired to have on board a medical officer
capable of treating him on Sir Everard's plan. He left
England on this his first voyage to China, in 1807,
before he had completed his nineteenth year, and after
a disastrous course, which took him across the Atlantic
to Rio, he landed at the Cape of Good Hope. He there
ascended the Table Mountain, and made those meteoro-
logical observations which are recorded in the "Physics.''
One day in the course of this voyage the captain, in
the excitement of a storm, let all his chronometers run
down, and on rewinding them found they remained
dead still. Arnott having learned from Copland the
mechanism of clock work, soon set the chronometers
agoing, to the delight of the captain and officers, who
got him to deliver some lectures on physics to them.
Another feat of Arnott's at this youthful age was his
performing on the captain the then novel operation of
puncturing the bladder from the perineum. He returned
to London in 1809, and made a second voyage to China,
in 1 8 1 0. It was in the course of these voyages, and wh en
in charge of troops, that his attention was specially di-
rected to sanitary subjects. Ventilation, temperature,
clothing, food, air, and exercise, were before him in a
practical form, and many ingenious contrivances were
resorted to by him to restore and maintain in a healthy
condition the invalided men who had been placed under
ic)«is care. So successful was he in these effi)rts, that
^aa^r'ing the voyage home he lost but one man, and his
"?. --^oase was hopeless when he embarked. On his reach-
ing England he received the thanks of the military
authorities. In 1811 he commenced practice in Lon-
don. While in a South American port he had learned
Spanish, an acquisition which led to his appointment
on his return to England as medical attendant to the
Spanish embassy, a post to which at a somewhat later
period were added those of physician to the French
legation, and of medical adviser to the French refugees
in Camden-town. In 1813 he became a member of the
College of Surgeons ; on the 15th September, 1814, was
1817] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 163
created doctor of medicine by the university of Aber-
deen, and on the 31st March, 1817, was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians.
In 1813, although fully engaged in medical practice,
he gave at the Burton rooms a course of lectures on
natural philosophy as applied to medicine. The novelty
and utility of this course rendered it highly attractive
to medical men, and made him extensively known to
the members of his own profession. In 1825 he gave at
his own house in Bedford-square, two courses of lectures
on the same subject, and chiefly to members of his pro-
fession. These lectures, which he declined to continue,
though strongly urged to do so, were the basis of his
*' Elements of Physics," the first volume of which ap-
peared in 1827, and took the world by storm. A review
in "The Times" caused the first edition to be sold in a
week, and within a few years the work had been trans-
lated into every language of civilised Europe. Popular
as it was, Herschel and Whewell bore testimony to its
accuracy and originality.
In 1832 Dr. Arnott gave to the world the first of a
series of inventions which have immortalised his name,
and made mankind for ages to come his debtor — his
hydrostatic or water bed. It was originally devised for
a lady, a patient of Mr. Henry Earle's, ot St. Bartho-
lomew's hospital, then suflering, and in peril of death,
from bedsores. In 1836 the university of London
was founded, and Dr. Arnott was nominated one of
the senate; and in 1837 he was appointed physician
extraordinary to the Queen. From this period to 1855
he was at the height of his professional career. He
then withdrew from practice, and devoted his time
almost exclusively to scientific subjects, including also
those of a sanitary nature. In 1838 he published his
weU-known work '' On Warming and Ventilating," in
which he described with felicitous clearness the phe-
nomena of fireplaces, and in particular the stove since
identified with I his name. In the same year he pre-
pared along with Dr. Kay (afterwards Sir John Kay
M 2
164 ROLL OF THE [l^l^
Shuttleworth) and Dr. Southwood Smith, a report
on the fevers of London, in which the ventilation of
dweUings was shown to be the chief preventive. In
1840 the Poor Law Commission deputed him to ex-
amine and report upon the fevers in Edinburgh and
Glasgow, on which occasion he expounded very fully
the principles of preventive medicine. He made known
his ventilating chimney valve, one of the easiest and
readiest means of ventilating ordinary rooms, while he
planned a more elaborate system for public buildings.
Next came his invention of the smokeless grate, in
which the fire was fed, not from the top but from below,
*' the greatest improvement yet made in the open
grate." Professional and other work prevented him for
some years from revising and completing his "Physics,"
by that time long out of print. In 1856 he published
a new edition of his " Warming and Ventilating," while
five years later appeared his "Survey of Human Pro-
gress." In 1864 he issued his long awaited revision
of the " Physics," treating for the first time of optics
and astronomy, with the interesting supplement en-
titled "Arithmetic Simplified.'' In 1870 Dr. Arnott
appeared for the last time as an author, the subject
being "National Education."
Inventive resource, combined with rare expository
power, was Arnott's forte. The former produced the
*' water-bed " for the prevention of bed-sores, the latter
the " Elements of Physics," one of the best treatises on
a scientific subject ever addressed to the public. The
improvement of mankind in all directions was his am-
bition. He befriended all sound reforms and actively
promoted hygiene and education. Academical endow-
ment was a passion with him. He founded a scholar-
ship for experimental physics in the university of Lon-
don : he gave a thousand pounds to the university of
Aberdeen to provide a scholarship of natural philosophy,
following it up by a similar gift to the other three Scot-
tish universities, St. Andrew's, Glasgow, and Edinburgh,
1817] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 165
and with a further gift of ^ve hundred pounds to the
Mechanics' Institution, Aberdeen. In London, Mrs.
Arnott had already given a thousand pounds to each of
two colleges for young ladies to institute scholarships in
natural philosophy. Two years before his death, Dr.
Arnott intimated to a friend his intention of repeating
his gift to the Scottish universities, but an accident
which he met with at that time came in to impair his
faculties and his power of decision. Dr. Arnott 's hear-
ing had become affected in 1858, but, till within two
years of his death, he retained his constitutional robust-
ness, intellectual activity, and genial flow of spirits. In
1872, he sustained a fall by which his head was injured
and his faculties so impaired that his friends ceased to
hope for his recovery. He died in London 2nd March,
1874, in the eighty-seventh year of his age. Dr. Arnott
died, as he was born and had lived, in the communion of
the church of Rome, and was buried beside his mother,
his brother John, and his two sisters, in that portion
of the Dean cemetery, Edinburgh, which is reserved for
Catholics.
" As the inventor of the Arnott stove, the Arnott
ventilator, and the Water-bed, it is not likely that his
name will soon be forgotten ; bub it deserves to be re-
corded to his honour that he refused to patent any of
his inventions. His great object through life was to
benefit others, and not to obtain pecuniary profit. Sir
Arthur Helps, in one of his later works, says truly of
Dr. Arnott, ' his whole life was given to the service of
his fellow-men. A truer reformer in the best sense of
the word, never existed.' One great secret of Dr. Ar-
nott's success as a writer on natural philosophy was,
that from his earliest days he was an acute observer of
all that went on around him. Nothing bearing upon
physics escaped his notice. In addition to this faculty
of observation, he possessed happy powers of description.
The reader was not only instructed but made to feel a
deep interest in the subject. Instruction was thus ren-
166 ROLL OF THE [1817
dered a j)leasing recreation. His earnest wish was to
make the path of learning easy to all."'"'
John Carnegie, M.D., was born at Leith, N.B., in
April, 1776, and educated at Edinburgh. He served
as assistant-surgeon in the 57th regiment, and after-
wards as surgeon to the 62nd, which regiment he accom-
panied to the Peninsula, but his health failing, he was
placed on half-pay, and returning to England, was ad-
mitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians,
24th April, 1817. He settled at Wimborne, co. Dorset,
where he practised for many years, and died 16th No-
vember, 1859.
KoBERT Smith, M.D., was the son of the Eev. G.
Smith, A.M., rector of Puttenham, and minister of Mar-
ket-street chapel, Hertfordshire. He was bred a sur-
geon, and for some years practised as such in the country.
Having been created doctor of medicine (I believe by
the university of Aberdeen), and on the 13th May,
1817, admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of
Physicians, he settled as a physician at Maidstone,
where he practised with much reputation and success,
and died on the 29th June, 1833.
John Caspar Spurzheim, M.D., was born on the
31st December, 1776, at Longvich, near Treves, on the
Moselle. Intended for a clergyman, he was sent to the
university of Treves, but the war dispersing the students
in 1799, he removed to Vienna, where he became the
tutor in a private family. Whilst, acting in that capa-
city, he made the acquaintance of Dr. Gall, and in the
year 1800 attended the private course of lectures on
phrenology, which Gall occasionally delivered at his own
house. Becoming a convert to the principles advocated
* Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, No. 175, 1876.
To this obituary notice and to the admirable memoir of Dr. Arnott
in the Lancet of March l^th, 1874, I am indebted for the greater
part of the above sketch.
1817] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PH^SICIAXS. 167
by Gall, and allured by the wide and uncultivated field
of research opened to his view, Spurzheim forsook the
study of theology and devoted himself to medicine, ap-
plying more particularly to anatomy and physiology.
He graduated doctor of medicine at Vienna 7th August,
1804, and then became the associate and fellow-labourer
with Gall. In 1805 Dr. Gall was ordered to discontinue
teaching his new doctrines or to quit Vienna. He chose
the latter alternative, and, with Dr. Spurzheim, set out
on a lengthened journey through Europe. They visited
the principal cities in Germany and the north of Europe,
and arrived at Paris in 1807. In the following year,
they presented to the Institute a joint memoir on the
anatomy of the brain, describing the structure of its
convolutions and their connection with the rest of the
cerebral mass. Shortly after this, they proceeded with
the great work, essentially Dr. Gall's, entitled, " The
Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System in
general and of the Brain in particular, with Observa-
tions upon the possibility of ascertaining several intel-
lectual dispositions of Man and Animals by the Con-
figuration of their Heads," 4 vols, folio, with an atlas of
1,000 plates. In 1813, during the publication of this
work, some disagreement occurred between the authors,
and the work, which was not completed until 1819,
was continued by Gall alone.
In 1814 Dr. Spurzheim visited England, and by his
lectures and writings disseminated a knowledge of
phrenology, and rendered its principles in some degree
popular. On the 25th June, 1817, he was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians, shortly after
which he returned to Paris. He revisited England in
1825, and, with the exception of occasional excursions
to Paris, continued here, and giving lectures on phren-
ology in the principal cities of England, Ireland, and
Scotland, until his departure for America in 1832. Ar-
rived in America, he began a course of lectures at Bos-
ton, which he had nearly finished, when he was attacked
with severe illness, from which he died on the 10th No-
168 ROLL OF THE [1817
vember, 1832, aged fifty-six.'"' Dr. Spurzheim was the
author of —
The Physiognomical System of Drs. Gall and Spurzheim, founded
on an Examination of the Nervous System and Brain, explained.
8vo. Lond, 1815.
Observations on the Deranged Manifestations of the Mind or
Insanity. 8vo. Lond. 1817.
A Yiew of the Philosophical Principles of Phrenology. 8vo.
Lond. 3rd edition. 1825.
The Anatomy of the Brain, with a general view of that of the
Nervous System, translated by R. Willis, M.D. 8vo. Lond. 1826.
Phrenology ; or the Doctrine of the Mind and of the Relations
between its Manifestations and the Body. 3rd edition. 8vo. Lond.
1825.
Essai Philosophique sur la Nature Morale et Intellectuelle de
I'Horame 8vo. Paris. 1820.
Phrenology in Connexion with the Study of Physiognomy. Part I.
Characters. 8vo. Lond. 1826.
A View of the Elementary Principles of Education, founded on
the Study of the Nature of Man. 8vo. Lond. 1828.
Outlines of Phrpnology.
Examination of the Objections made in Great Britain against the
doctrines of Gall and Spurzheim. 8vo. Edinb. 1817.
A Catechism of Man.
George Eicketts Nuttall, M.D., was born in the
island of Jamaica, and graduated doctor of medicine at
Edinburgh 12th September, 1809 (D.M.I, de Podagra).
He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 25th June, 1817, and died 25th August, 1831.
aged forty-three.
William Somerville, M.D., was descended from
the ancient family of Somerville of Cambusnethan, a
branch of the Somervilles of Drum, who were ennobled
in 1424. He was the eldest son of the Rev. Thomas
Somerville, minister of Jedburgh, and was educated as
a surgeon, in which capacity he entered the army. He
wa-s present at the taking of the Cape of Good Hope,
and was sent by the authorities to make a treaty with
the savage tribes on the border, who had attacked the
Dutch farmers and carried off their cattle. On a second
excursion with a similar object, he reached the Orange
* Athenajum, December, 1832.
1817] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 169
river, and was tlie first white man who had ever been
in that part of Africa. Subsequently he served in
Canada and in Sicily under his friend Sir James Craig.
He graduated doctor of medicine at Aberdeen 27th
June, 1800, and about 1813 was appointed head of the
Army Medical Department in Scotland, when he settled
in Edinburgh. In 1816 he was appointed one of the
principal medical inspectors of the Army Medical Board
of England, when it became necessary that he should
remove to London. Dr. Somerville was admitted a Li-
centiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1817,
on the 11th of December in that year was elected a
fellow of the Royal Society, and on the 13th November,
1819, was gazetted physician to Chelsea hospital in suc-
cession to Benjamin Moseley, M.D., deceased, an office
which he retained for many years. He died at Florence
on the 25th June, 1860, aged ninety-two. His name
will descend to posterity as the husband of the most
learned woman of her age, Mary Somerville, the distin-
guished mathematician and authoress, who survived
him, and died at Naples, 29th November, 1872.
Thomas Mooke, M.D., was born in the county of
Meath, and graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh
1st August, 1815 (D.M.L de Dysenteria). He was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25 th
June, 1817.
Thomas Thomson, M.D., was born in Kent, and com-
menced his professional career in the army. He gra-
duated doctor of medicine at Paris 1st February, 1816,
and was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 25th June, 1817. He practised for several years
in London, but eventually withdrew to Tunbridge
Wells. He was admitted a Fellow of the College 11th
July, 1843, and died at his residence, Belvidere, Tun-
bridge Wells, 4th August, 1853, in his seventy-eighth
year, being then inspector-general of hospitals.
William Henry Williams, M.D., was born in
170 ROLL OF THE [1817
Gloucestershu'e, and, after a good school education, ap-
plied liimself to the study of physic, which he pursued
first at the Bristol infirmary, and then in London at St.
Thomas's and Guy's hospitals. He became surgeon to
the East Norfolk militia, and as such saw much home
service. In 1795, when that regiment was encamped
near Deal castle, he was appointed the senior of a num-
ber of surgeons, to whom was deputed the charge of
several hundred Russian sailors suffering from malig-
nant fever and dysentery. About 1797 he designed a
tourniquet of such simplicity and efficiency, that it was
at once adopted by the authorities, and named " Wil-
liams' Field Tourniquet,'' by the Army Medical Board in
the printed directions for its use. It was ordered by
the commander-in-chief, the Duke of York, to be em-
ployed in every regiment in the king's service both at
home and abroad ; and that non-commissioned officers,
drummers, and musicians should be instructed in the
use of it agreeably to the plan suggested by the inven-
tor, so that in a regiment of one thousand men not less
than one hundred and twenty individuals would be
enabled to apply this tourniquet in losses of blood from
the sword, the bayonet, or from gun-shot wounds. Be-
fore this, no regiment had more than two or four tourni-
quets, and none but the surgeon and assistant-surgeons
were competent to apply it. About this time he en-
tered himself at Caius college, Cambridge, and, as a
member of that house, proceeded M.B. 1803, and M.D.
12th September, 1811. Some years before this Dr.
Williams had settled at Ipswich, and in 1810 was ap-
pointed by Sir Lucas Pepys the physician-general of
the army, to the charge of the South Military hospital
close by Ipswich, then filled with soldiers just returned
from Walcheren, and suffering with fevers, ague, and
dysentery. On the completion of his service there he
received a flattering letter from the Army Medical
Board. ■^''" Dr. Williams was admitted a Candidate of
* Clarke, G. R., History and Description of Ipswich. 8vo. Ips-
wich, 1830, p. 488, et seq.
1817] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. l7l
the College of Physicians 30th September, 1816, and a
Fellow 30th September, 1817. He continued to reside
at Ipswich, where he was universally respected ; but he
died at Sandgate, co. Kent, whither he had gone for the
benefit of his health, on the 8th November, 1841. Dr.
Williams was the author of —
Hints on the Ventilation of Army Hospitals, and on Regimental
Practice. 8vo. 1798.
A Concise Treatise on the Progress of Medicine since the year
1573. 8vo. 1804.
Animadversions on certain Cases of Consumption and Dropsy
treated by the Foxglove. 8v^o. 1807.
General Directions for the Recovery of Persons apparently dead
from Drowning. 12mo. 1808.
Pharmacopoeia Valetudinarii Gippovicensis. 12mo. 1814.
Observations on Dr. Wilson's Tinctures, the Eau Medicinale, and
other pretended Specifics for Gout. 4to. 1818.
Sir George Leman Tuthill, M.D., was born in
Suffolk, and educated at Caius college, Cambridge, as a
member of which he proceeded A.B, in 1794, and was
fifth wrangler of his year. Shortly after this he married,
and having gone to Paris, was, with his wife, included
among the numerous English detenus. After a captivity
of several years, his wife was recommended to make a
direct appeal to the generosity of the First Consul.
Providing herself with a petition, she encountered
Napoleon and his suite on their return from hunting,
and respectfully presented her memorial. The result
was propitious, and in a few days they were on their
road to England. He then returned to Cambridge,
proceeded A.M. in 1809, had a licence ad practicandum
from the University, dated 25th November, 1812, and
commenced M.D. in 1816. He was admitted an Incep-
tor Candidate of the College of Physicians, 12th April,
1813; a Candidate 30tli September, 1816 ; and a Fellow
30th September, 1817. He was Gulstonian lecturer
in 1818, and Censor in 1819, 1830. He received the
honour of knighthood, 28th April, 1820. Sir George
Tuthill was physician to the Westminster and to Beth-
lehem hospitals, both of which appointments he retained
172 ROLL OF THE [1817
to his death, which occurred at his house in Cavendish-
square, from inflammation of the larynx, on the 7th
April, 1835. He was buried at St. Alban's.'"' Sir George
Tuthill was a sound classical scholar and a good chemist.
He was one of the most active members of the commit-
tee for the preparation of the Pharmacopoeia Londinensis
of 1824, and was responsible for the language of the
work itself An English version of that work by Sir
George Tuthill appeared coincidently with the original.
He was also engaged on the Pharmacopoeia of 1836,
but died the year before it appeared. " Under a cold
exterior, Sir George Tuthill carried a very warm heart,
and was much beloved by his patients and friends. He
was pecuHarly straightforward in his transactions, and
was always actuated by the finest feelings of a gen-
tleman and honourable man. His friendship was not
readily given ; it was never slightly withdrawn. Sir
George was strictly a sententious speaker ; he spoke in
quick, short sentences, seldom uttering a word more
than the occasion required, or omitting one that was
necessary, "f
Benjamin Eobinson, M.D., was born at York. He
graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh, 13th Sep-
tember, 1802 (D.M.I, de Hernia inguinali), and was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians, 30th
* " Erant in Tuthillio plurimae litterae, nee eae vnlgares, sed recon-
ditae. Erant illi ex severa disciplina derivata et penitus animo
infixa eaMatheseos principia, quas ad philosophiam colendam plane
necessaria sunt. Testes est Cantabrigia, quee primi ordinis honorea
ei detulerat. Testes vos estis, qui in Pharmacopoeia ista olim con-
denda, et in altera jam in Incem proditura auxilium ejus apprime
utile cognovistis — et quicquid e cliemia feliciter hauserat summa
modestia summo tamen studio prolatum. Erat in illo, porro,
gra vitas sine severitate, et cunctatio quaedam respondendi, ut nihil
non consideratum exiret ab ore. Accedebat, etiam, judicium acre,
limatum, exercitatum et benignitas quaedam et dementia quae euni
ad mentis morbos tractandos prge caeteris aptum liabilemque reddi-
derant." Oratio ex Harveii Institute auctore Henr. Halford, Bart.
1835.
t Gent. Mag., July, 1835.
1817] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 173
September, 1817. Dr. Robinson was elected pbysician
to the London hospital, 7th July, 1818, and died at his
house in New Broad-street, 15th October, 1828, aged
fifty- two.
William Kettle, M.D., a doctor of medicine of
Edinburgh, of 1817 (D.M.I. deDysenteria), was admitted
an Extra- Licentiate of the College of Physicians, 30th
October, 1817.
Robert Williams, M.D., was born in London, and
educated at Trinity college, Cambridge. As a member
of that house he proceeded M.B. 1810, M.D. 1816. He
was admitted an Incep tor-Candidate of the College of
Physicians, 12th June, 1816, a Candidate 23rd Decem-
ber, 1816, and a Fellow 22nd December, 1817. He was
Censor in 1831, and was declared an Elect on the 20th
March, 1844. Dr. Williams was elected physician to
St. Thomas's hospital, in 1817, and retained that office
unti] his death, which occurred at his house in Bedford-
place, Bussell-square, on the' 24th November, 1845.
Dr. Williams was a physician of extensive attainments,
and a good classical scholar. His character as a phy-
sician was misunderstood during his life, and was mis-
represented after his death. He is said to have been a
timid practitioner, but this is not correct. Dr. Williams
was distrustful of the evidence on which alone very many
articles of the materia medica in daily use repose for
justification of their presence in the pharmacopoeias, and
he subjected many of these, and most of the new reme-
dies, to a searching examination in the wards of the hos-
pital. He had early imbibed a strong opinion in favour
of the efficacy of specifics in the cure of disease, and
was always more or less engaged in seeking them, and
he was sanguine in the belief that in time we should
discover specific remedies for many maladies which are
now considered irremediable. It was in the course of
these inquiries that Dr. Williams discovered the powers
of iodide of potassium over secondary syphilis, and he it
was who introduced into English practice the bromide
174 ROLL or THE [1817
of potassium, though not in the class of diseases in
which it is now specially and so largely administered.
Dr. Williams was the author of the article " Elementary
Principles of Medicine/' in the Encyclopaedia Metropoli-
tana ; and of a very valuable and original work, " Ele-
ments of Medicine : On Morbid Poisons." 2 vols. 8vo.
Lond. 1836 and 1841.
Augustus Bozzi Gkanville, M.D., was born at
Milan in 1783, and was the third son of Carlo Bozzi,
the postmaster-general in that city. He was educated
in the first instance by the Barnabite fathers at Milan,
then at the collegiate school of Merate, and in 1799,
on the advice of the celebrated Basori, a friend of his
family, applied himself to the study of physic, and was
entered at the university of Pavia. He spent three
years there, attended the lectures of Basori, Joseph
Frank, Spallanzani, Scarpa, and Yolta, and graduated
doctor of medicine 28th August, 1802. After travelling
for some time in Greece and other eastern parts, he
visited Spain and Portugal, and at Lisbon, in March,
1807, joined the British squadron in the capacity of
assistant-surgeon. In due course he rose to the rank
of surgeon, and continued in the navy until 1813, when
he retired on half-pay. Dr. Granville had a natural
aptitude for acquiring languages and having made good
use of the opportunities of doing so, which his travels
had afforded him, was by this time master of many
tongues. In addition to other avocations at this time,
he acted occasionally as translator and interpreter to
the Foreign Office, as courier and as foreign correspon-
dent. Having determined to practise as a physician in
London, he, with the consent of his family, assumed
the maternal surname of Granville in addition to that
of Bozzi, by which he had previously been known. By
the advice of his friend. Sir Walter Farquhar, he ap-
plied himself to midwifery, and in 1816 proceeded to
Paris, where he remained for eighteen months, study-
ing midwifery under Capuron and Deveux at the Mater-
1817] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 175
nite, and the diseases of women and children at the
Hopital des Femmes and the Hopital des Enfants. Re-
turning to London, he settled in Savile-row, and on the
22nd December, 1817, was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians, and in 1 8 1 8, a fellow of the Royal
Society. Through the recommendation of Sir Walter
Farquhar and several distinguished persons, English
and foreign, to whom he had become known in the course
of his travels abroad, he soon got into practice as an
accoucheur, and for several years enjoyed a considerable
business in that department. Twice had he to visit
Russia in his medical capacity, first in 1827, in charge
of the countess Woronzow to St. Petersburg ; and
secondly in 1849, to attend the princess Tczernicheff,
the wife of the Russian Minister of War at St. Peters-
burg, in her confinement.
In 1835, Dr. Granville's attention was attracted to the
mineral waters, first of Germany and then of England,
the more important of which in both countries he person-
ally visited and minutely examined. Becoming con-
vinced of their value in the treatment of disease, he
devoted himself, with characteristic energy and deter-
mination, to making them more generally known and
appreciated in this country than they then were. His
work, " The Spas of Germany," became, in some sort,
the text-book for those seeking information on the sub-
ject, and its author the great authority to whom inva-
lids in England resorted for guidance in the selection of
a spa suited to their individual cases. In 1841, ap-
peared his work on the English Waters and Health re-
sorts, " The Spas of England and Principal Sea Bathing
Places,'' in three volumes. Very early in the course
of his investigations. Dr. Granville formed a high opi-
nion of the value of the Kissingen waters, and from the
year 1840 down to 1868, was in the habit of spending
about three months of every year, from June to Sep-
tember, as a practising physician at Kissingen, after
which he returned to London for the remainder of the
year. In 1858, he paid a flying visit to Vichy and its
176 ROLL OF THE [18 17
springs, and on his return to London sent to tlie press
a sketch of their chemical and physical characters, and
of their efficacy in the treatment of various diseases.
Dr. Granville retained his activity and energy to an
unusually late period of his life. In 1863, he com-
pleted his eightieth year, and until then had not felt
that he was an old man. But from that date, age
seemed to creep upon him fast. His intellect was un-
dimmed, but his bodily strength became enfeebled,
though he was able to continue his summer visits to
Kissingen as late as the year 1868, when he had a most
brilliant season, surrounded by numbers of his old pa-
tients, all of whom seemed to have gone to Kissingen
to consult him for the last time. On his return to
England, he determined never to leave it again, and
having finally relinquished practice, he commenced
writing his autobiography. In 1871, he left London to
spend the winter at Dover, and died there 3rd March,
1872, aged eighty-nine. ,
Dr. Granville was a man of good natural abilities
which he cultivated in a manner calculated to lead to
success in the course of life to which he devoted himself.
He had travelled much, he spoke many modern lan-
guages, he was easy and entertaining in conversation,
and he sought society and entered largely into it. As
a physician, his attentions to his patients were unremit-
ting, he was full of resources, and had great confidence
in his own powers, a feeling which he had the faculty
of imparting to others ; he was a good nurse and a better
cook, qualities which did him good service on many
occasions, and contributed, in no slight degree, to the
entire trust reposed in him by many of his patients.
His autobiography, an interesting work, " The Auto-
biography of A. B. Granville, M.D., F.R.S., being eighty-
five years of the Life of a Physician," edited by his
daughter, appeared in two volumes, 8vo., in 1874.
Dr. Granville was a voluminous writer, his pen, in-
deed, was seldom idle. The following is, I believe, a
complete list of his more important writings : —
1817J ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 177
A Report of the Practice of Midwifery at the Westminster Gene-
ral Dispensary during 1818 ; with New Classification of Labours
and the Diseases of Women and Children. 8vo. Lond. 1819.
Observations, Practical and Political, on the Plague and Con-
tagions. 8vo. Plate. 1819.
An Historical and Practical Treatise on the Internal Use of
Prussic Acid in Pulmonary Consumption and other Diseases. 12mo.
Lond. 1820.
An Essay on Egyptian Mummies, with Observations on the Art
of Embalming among the Egyptians. 4to. Lond. 1825.
A Letter to the Right Hon. W. Huskisson, on the Danger of
Altering the Quarantine Laws of this Country in reference to
Plague. 8vo. Lond. 1825.
St. Petersburg : a Journal of Travels to and from that Capital,
through Flanders, Prussia, Russia, Poland, Saxony, &c. 2 vols.
8vo. Lond. 1828.
Reform in Science; or, Science without a Head. 8vo. Lond.
1830.
The Catechism of Health ; or. Simple Rules for the Preservation
of Health, and the Attainment of a Long Life. 16mo. Lond. 1831.
Graphic Illustrations of Abortion, with Prolegomena of the De-
velopment and Metamorphoses of the Human Ovum. Large 4to.
Lond. 1833.
The Royal Society in the Nineteenth Century ; being a Statis-
tical Summary of its Labours during the last Thirty-five Years, &c.
8vo. Lond. 1836.
The Spas of Germany. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1837.
Counter- Irritation, its Principles and Practice Illustrated by One
Hundred Cases. 8vo. Lond. 1838.
Medical Reform : being the subject of the First Annual Oration
at the British Medical Association. 8vo. Lond. 1838.
The Spas of England and principal Sea-Bathing Places. 3 vols,
post 8vo. Lond. 1841.
Kissengen, its Sources and Resources. 12mo. Lond. 1846.
Two Letters to the Right Hon. Lord Palmerston, Minister for
Foreign Affairs, on the necessity of Establishing a Northern King-
dom of Italy. 8vo. Lond. 1848.
On Sudden Death. Post 8vo. Lond. 1854.
The Mineral Springs of Yichy. A sketch of their Chemical
and Physical Characters and of their efiicacy in the treatment of
various Diseases. 8vo. Lond. 1859.
The Sumbul, a new Asiatic Remedy. 8vo. Lond. 1858.
Sir William Beatty, M.D., was educated as a sur-
geon and in that capacity entered the navy and saw
much service in all climes. He was surgeon to the
Victory and had the melancholy satisfaction of being
oflScially present during the last moments of the hero
VOL. III. N
178 ROLL OF THE [1818
of Trafalgar, his " Authentic Narrative " of which was
pubhshed 8vo. 1808. He possessed the bullet that
killed Nelson, which he kept in a crystal case mounted
in gold. Sir William Beatty was a doctor of medicine
of St. Andrew's of 14th October, 1817, and a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians of 22nd December,
1817. He was elected a fellow of the Eoyal Society
30th April, 1818, and was knighted by king William IV,
25th May, 1831. He was appointed physician to Green-
wich hospital in 1806 and resigned that office in 1840.
He died in York-place, Portman-square, 25th March,
1842.
John Kidd, M.D., was born in 1776, and when thir-
teen years of age was admitted at St. Peter's, West-
minster. He was elected to Christ church, Oxford, in
1793, at the golden election, so called from the supe-
rior abilities and desire of distinction of the three then
elected. Each of them chose a different profession.
John Kidd, medicine ; William Corne, the church ; and
Joseph Phillimore, the civil law. Dr. Kidd proceeded
A.B. 4th May, 1797; A.M. 14th January, 1800; M.B.
23rd April, 1801 ; and M.D. 20th January, 1804. He
was appointed chemical lecturer at Oxford in 1801,
Aldrich's professor of chemistry 1803, reader in ana-
tomy on Dr. Lee's foundation in 1816, and Regius pro-
fessor of physic in 1822, when he resigned the Ald-
richian professorship. He was appointed Hadcliffe libra-
rian in 1834. He was, too, physician to the Badchffe
infirmary from 1808 to 1826. He was selected to write
one of the Bridge water treatises, and his " Adaptation of
External Nature to the Physical Condition of Man,^'
8vo. Lond. 1833, will bear comparison with any others
of the series. Dr. Kidd was admitted a Candidate of
the College of Physicians 31st March, 1817, a Fellow
16th March, 1818, and he delivered the Harveian ora-
tion in 1836. He died at his residence, St. Giles's,
Oxford, on the 17th September, 1851, aged seventy-
six. Dr. Kidd was the author of —
1818] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 179
The Outlines of Mineralogy. 2 vols. 8vo. 1809.
A Geological Essay on the Imperfect Evidence in Support of a
Theory of the Earth, deducible either from its General Structure
or from the Changes produced on its Surface by the operation of
Existing Causes. 8vo. 1815.
An Answer to a Charge against the English Universities in the
Supplement to the Edinburgh Encyclopaodia. 8vo. 1818.
An Introductory Lecture to a Course on Comparative Anatomy
illustrative of Paley's Natural Theology. 8vo. 1824.
The Adaptation of External Nature to the Physical Condition of
Man, principally with reference to the Supply of his Wants and the
exercise of his Intellectual Faculties. 8vo. Lond. 1833, being the
second of the Bridgewater Treatises.
Observations on Medical Reform. 8vo. 1841.
Further Observations on Medical Reform. 8vo. 1842.*
Walter Adam, M.D., was born in Edinburgh and
graduated doctor of medicine in the university of his
native city 1st August, 1816 (D.M.I, de Catalepsi). He
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
of London 16th March, 1818, and a Fellow of the Col-
lege of Physicians of Edinburgh 2nd November, 1819.
Dr. Adam was the author of—
The Osteological Symmetry of the Camel. 4to. Lond. 1832.
Benjamin Cruttall Pierce, M.D., a doctor of medi-
cine of Edinburgh of 1st August, 1817 (D.M.L de
Bronchocele), was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 16th March, 1818. He settled in
the city (of London) and for many years enjoyed an
extensive and lucrative business. In 1835 he succeeded
to an ample fortune, and on the 15th June in that
year received permission to take the surname and bear
the arms of Seaman, quarterly with those of Pierce.
He then withdrew from the practice of physic.
William Dansey, M.B., was born in Dorsetshire and
educated at Exeter college, Oxford, as a member of
which he proceeded A.B. 12th May, 1814 ; A.M. 12th
June, 1817 ; M.B. 1st April, 1818. He had a licence
ad practicandum from the university dated 1st April,
1818, and was admitted an Inceptor-Candidate of the
* Alumni Westmonasterienses, p. 437.
N 2
180 ROLL OF THE [1818
College of Physicians the 25th June following. On the
30th September, 1820, he requested and obtained per-
mission to withdraw his name from the list of inceptor-
candidates, and sometime afterwards received ordina-
tion in the church of England.
Duncan Macaethur, M.D., was born in Glasgow in
1773, and educated as a surgeon, in which capacity he
entered the navy and saw much service. He was cre-
ated doctor of medicine by the university of Aberdeen
1st March, 1810, was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 25th June, 1818, and a Fellow 10th
July, 1841. He was physician to the fleet and for
many years physician to the Poyal Naval hospital at
Deal. Dr. Macarthur died at Deal 16th January, 1855,
aged eighty-two.
James Blundell, M.D., was born in London, 27th
December, 1790. He received his general education
from the Eev. Thomas Thomason, A.M., and at the usual
age commenced the study of medicine at the United
Borough hospitals, under the immediate direction of his
uncle, . Dr. Haighton, the celebrated obstetrician and
physiologist. He went next to Edinburgh, where he
graduated doctor of medicine the 24th June, 1813
(D.M.I, de Sensu, quo Melos sentitur), an ingenious and
original essay, in which he endeavoured to prove that
the senses for music and of hearing are distinct though
dependent. Dr. Blundell returned to London, and in
1814 began to lecture in conjimction with Dr. Haighton,
on midwifery, and two or three years after commenced
a course on physiology. He succeeded Dr. Haighton
as lecturer at Guy's hospital, and for many years com-
manded the largest midwifery class in London. "^'^ He
ceased to lecture in 1836. Dr. Blundell was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June,
1818 and a Fellow 6th August, 1838.
We owe to him,
* Pettigrew's Medical Portrait Gallery. Vol. i.
1817] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 181
Researclies, Physiological and Pathological, instituted princi-
pally with a view to the improvement of Medical and Surgical
Practice. 8vo. Lond. 1825.
— a work of great original research, which paved the
way to those bolder feats in abdominal surgery, which
are among the triumphs and boasts of the present age.
There have appeared also from Dr. Blundell's pen, but
under the editorship of Thomas Castle, M.D.,
Principles and Practice of Obstetricy ; with notes. 8vo. Lond.
1834.
Observations on some of the more important Diseases of Women.
8v^o. Lond. 1837.
John Ashburnek, M.D., was born in Bombay, where
his father was in high position as a member of the
supreme council of that presidency. At an early age,
he was sent to England and placed under private tuition.
He commenced the study of medicine in Dublin, and
was a diligent student of anatomy under Dr. Macartney.
From Dublin he moved to Glasgow and Edinburgh,
and at the last-named university graduated doctor of
medicine 1st August, 1816 (D.M.I, de Hydrophobia).
He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 25th June, 1818, and on the death of Dr. Adams,
in 1818, was appointed physician to the Small-pox hos-
pital, which office he resigned in 1824, shortly after
which he went to India in some civil capacity. Return-
ing to England, he resumed practice in London, and
applied himself especially to midwifery, became physi-
cian to queen Charlotte's lying-in hospital, and physi-
cian accoucheur to the Middlesex hospital, and lecturer
on midwifery at St. Thomas's hospital. His later years
have been devoted to the study and practice of mes-
merism, to some of the extremest pretensions of which
he has given an unhesitating belief. He is the author
of—
Dentition, and some coincident Disorders. 18mo. Lond. 1834.
Facts in Clairvoyance extracted from the Zoist, with Obser-
vations on Mesmerism and its Application to Medicine. 8vo.
Lond. 1848.
On Spirit Rapping ; a Letter to Gr. J. Holyoake. 8vo. Lond. 1853.
182 ROLL OF THE [1818
Reichenbach's Researches on the Dynamics of Magnetism, Elec-
tricity, &c., in their relations to Vital Force ; with a preface and
notes by John Ashburner. 8vo. Lond. 1851.
Notes and Studies on the Philosophy of Animal Magnetism and
Spiritualism, with Observations on Catarrh, Bronchitis, Rheuma-
tism, Gout, Scrofula, and Cognate Diseases. 8vo. Lond. 1867.
William Macmichael, M.D., was born in 1784, in
Shropshire, and was the son of a banker at Bridgnorth,
in that county. The failure of this bank at the time
when Dr. Macmichael was about to commence his career
was a great embarrassment to him. He was educated
at the Bridgnorth grammar school and at Christchurch,
Oxford, as a member of which he proceeded A.B. 21st
March, 1805; A.M. 8th April, 1807; M.B. 12th May,
1808. In 1811, he was elected to one of the Badcliffe
travelling fellowships, and in that capacity passed
several years abroad, in Greece, Bussia, Moldavia, Wal-
lachia, Bulgaria, Turkey, Palestine, &c. He was also
for a short time physician to Lord Londonderry while
ambassador at Vienna. He graduated M.D. at Oxford,
27th June, 1816, and was admitted a Candidate of the
College of Physicians 30th September, 1816, and a Fel-
low 30th September, 1818. He then settled in London,
was Censor in 1820 and 1832, Begistrar from 6th Fe-
bruary, 1824 to 1829, and Consiliarius 1 836. Dr. Mac-
michael was elected physician to the Middlesex hospital
in May, 1822, but resigned his ofEce there in November,
1831. In 1829, he was appointed physician extraor-
dinary to the king; in March, 1830, librarian to the
king in succession to Dr. Gooch, deceased ; and in May,
1831, physician in ordinary to the king. For these
appointments he was indebted to the active friendship of
Sir Henry Halford, by whom he was also patronised in
practice, but with less result than might have been ex-
pected in a person of such ability and varied attainments
as were those of Dr. Macmichael. Sir Thomas Watson,
one of the very few of Dr. Macmichael's friends who
still survive, writes to me as follows : — " Dr. Macmichael
was fond of society, and qualified alike to enjoy and to
1818] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 183
embellish it. Having travelled long and seen many
cities and the manners of many men, he possessed a
large stock of general information, was fertile in various
and amusing anecdote, and was wont to mix, with a
certain natural ease and grace, in lively and interesting
discourse, without making his own share in it unduly
prominent. His cheerfulness, equanimity of temper,
and kindness of heart, endeared him to a large circle of
devoted friends, of whom a very few only, at the time
of this writing, survive to commemorate his engaging
qualities, and to regret his loss." An attack of para-
lysis about two years before Dr. Macmichael's death,
compelled him to withdraw from active life. He re-
tired to Maida-hill, where he died 10th January, 1839,
aged fifty-five. He was the author of two delightful
biographical works, " The Gold-headed Cane," and " The
Lives of British Physicians," in Murray's Family Li-
brary, and of —
A Journey from Moscow to Constantinople in the years 1817,
1818. 4to. Lond. 1819.
A New View of the Infection of Scarlet Fever : illustrated by
Remarks on other Contagious Disorders. 8vo. Lond. 1822.
A Brief Sketch of the progress of Opinion upon the Subject of
Contagion, with some Remarks on Quarantine. 8vo. Lond. 1825.
Is the Cholera Spasmodica of India a Contagious Disease ? The
Question considered in a Letter to Sir Henry Halford, Bart., M.D.
8vo. Lond. 1831.
John Haviland, M.D., was descended from an old
family in the island of Guernsey, one member of which
settled as a merchant at Poole, in Dorsetshire, in the
reign of queen Elizabeth. The posterity of this mer-
chant have resided chiefly in Somersetshire. Dr.
Haviland was the only son of one of them, John
Haviland, esq., of Gundenham, co. Somerset, by his
wife, Mary, daughter and co-heiress of the Rev. Samuel
Codrington Glover, vicar of St. Mary's, Bridgewater.
He was born 2nd February, 1785^ at Bridgewater, and
educated at Winchester. In 1803 he was matriculated
at Cambridge as a member of St. John s college, of which
society he subsequently became a fellow. He proceeded
184 ROLL OF THE [}^^^
A.B. 1807, and came out 12th wrangler; A.M. 1810,
M.D. 1817. In 1807 he entered on the study of medi-
cine, which he commenced at Edinburgh, where he spent
two seasons, and completed it in London by an attend-
ance of three years on lectures, and on the practice sur-
gical, as well as medical, of St. Bartholomew's hospital.
Dr. Haviland was admitted an Inceptor-Candidate of
the College of Physicians 4th April, 1814, a Candidate
30th September, 1817, and a Fellow 30th September,
1818. He delivered the Harveian oration of 1837.
Dr. Haviland settled at Cambridge, and in 1814 was
appointed professor of anatomy in succession to Sir
Busick Harwood, and on the death of Sir Isaac Pen-
nington in 1817, was created Regius professor of physic,
and appointed physician to Addenbrooke hospital. The
last-named office he resigned on account of delicate
health, in 1839, but the regius professorship he held
until his death. Dr. Haviland died 8th January, 1851,
aged sixty-five, and was buried at Fen Dittoii, near
Cambridge, where he had acquired considerable pro-
perty. He is commemorated in the church there by the
following simple inscription : —
John Haviland, M.D. :
Regius Professor of Physic
in the University of Cambridge.
Born February 2, 1785.
Died January 8, 1851.
During the six-and-thirty years in which it was Dr.
Haviland's privilege to act as professor, he did good ser-
vice to the university and to the medical profession.
His great earnestness and high character, his sound
judgment and his thorough knowledge of the academic
system, necessarily gave him much influence with the
governing bodies of the university as weU as with the
governing bodies of the profession in other parts of the
kingdom. This influence he turned to good account.
It was mainly owing to his instrumentahty that the
faculty of medicine has been retained at all as an in-
tegral part of the university, in accomplishing which
1818] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 185
he had to contend with much lukewarmness within the
body and many attacks from without ; and it is entirely
owing to him that the medical school has attained its
present efficiency ; indeed, it may almost be said to
have been founded under his auspices. As professor of
anatomy, Dr. Haviland was the first to give a regular
course of lectures on human anatomy at Cambridge ;
and as regius professor of physic, the first to give lec-
tures on pathology and practice. Before his time the
proceedings in physic were merely nominal, a few ques-
tions put viva voce, constituting the only examination.
At his suggestion and by his efforts a lengthened and
systematic course of study was required, rigid exami-
nations instituted, and lectures on various branches of
medicine and the collateral sciences regularly given in
the medical school of the university.
Dr. Haviland is said to have been an excellent prac-
tical physician, a quick and clever man, yet discreet,
and possessed of sound judgment. His attention was
directed less to the niceties of diagnosis than to the
minutiae of treatment in which he particularly excelled.
He was most fertile in his resources, and ever ready to
impart information on those details of general manage-
ment which, though highly important, are but too often
neglected by the practitioner. Of a sensitive tempera-
ment himself, he was careful over the reputation of
another, and always showed his anxiety to maintain in-
violate that good feeling which should ever exist be-
tween the patient and his medical attendant. Endowed
with an ample fortune, he was a munificent contributor
to the charities of Cambridge, and was ever ready with
his purse and his presence to aid in relieving the poor,
and in promoting the cause of education and religion. "^^^
Peter Mere Latham, M.D., was born in London
1st July, 1789, and was the second son of John Latham,
M.D., a former president of the College, by his wife,
Mary, the eldest daughter and co -heiress of the Rev.
* Gentleman's Magazine, February, 1851, p. 205.
186 ROLL OF THE [1818
Peter Mere, A.B., vicar of Prestbury, co. Chester. He
was placed in the first instance at the free school of
Sandbach, then at the grammar school of Macclesfield,
and in due course was entered at Brasenose college, Ox-
ford. He gained the prize for Latin verse in 1809, pro-
ceeded A. B. 24th May, 1810, A.M. 28th April, 1813,
M.B. 20th April, 1814, and M.D. 29th November, 1816.
Shortly after taking his first degree in arts, he applied
himself to the study of physic, which he pursued at St.
Bartholomew's hospital and at the Public dispensary
under Dr. Bateman. Dr: Latham was admitted an In-
ceptor-Candidate of the College of Physicians 7th July,
1815, a Candidate 30th September, 1817, and a Fellow
30th September, 1818. He was Censor in 1820, 1833,
1837, Gulstonian lecturer in 1819, Lumleian lecturer in
1827 and 1828, Harveian orator in 1839, and was re-
peatedly placed upon the council. Dr. Latham was
elected physician to the Middlesex hospital in 1815, and
in 1823 was appointed by the government, in conjunc-
tion with Dr. Boget, to take the medical charge of the
inmates of the penitentiary at Millbank, then suffering
from an epidemic scurvy and dysentery, of obscure
origin and doubtful character. Of this epidemic Dr.
Latham published an interesting account, "pregnant
with evidence of acute and patient research and of clear,
cogent reasoning." Dr. Latham was appointed physi-
cian to St. Bartholomew's hospital 30th November, 1824,
a few days before which he resigned his office at the
Middlesex hospital. To his exertions and to the in-
fluence of his example, the medical school of St. Bartho-
lomew's hospital owes much of its efficiency and reputa-
tion. The practical instruction given in the medical
wards of that hospital at the time of Dr. Latham s elec-
tion as physician was at its lowest point. He at once
applied himself to its improvement ; he worked in the
wards with uncommon diligence and energy, and his
clinique was recognised, ere long, as the most careful,
precise, and painstaking in London. At a subsequent
period in association with and aided by Sir George Bur-
1818] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 187
rows, Dr. Latham undertook the lectures on the theory
and practice of medicine in the hospital school. His
lectures on the subject, unlike most of their class, were
highly finished and exhaustive essays on selected sub-
jects, which he had made the object of his own especial
study. Of Dr. Latham's mode of teaching clinical me-
dicine, he has left us a specimen in his admirable " Lec-
tures on Subjects connected with Clinical Medicine,"
12mo. Lond. 1836, "the publication of which," says Sir
Thomas Watson, " marked an era in the clinical teach-
ing of this country" — of his mode of teaching the theory
and the practice of medicine in his '^ Lectures on Dis-
eases of the Heart," 2 vols. 12mo. Lond. 1845. In
matter and in style these three small volumes leave
nothing to be desired. They are among the choicest
writings — opera vere aurea — of our profession, and will
always be admired and valued. Dr. Latham's with-
drawal from active work was signalized by the appear-
ance'" under the name of " General Remarks on the
Practice of Medicine," of a series of remarkable essays
embodying in choice and stately language the results
of his own well trained observation, deep reflection, and
matured conclusions on some of the most difficult but
interesting subjects that can engage the thoughts of
the physician. These essays are eminently suggestive,
and merit more attention and a deeper study than
have yet been accorded to them. Doubtless they will
obtain it, in the " Collected Works of Dr. P. M. La-
tham," now in course of publication by the New Syden-
ham Society, under the editorship of Dr. Martin.
Dr. Latham's health, which had always been delicate,
began to give way under the pressure of his work at
St. Bartholomew's, and in November, 1841, he relin-
quished his office there and with it, as he thought, the
best hopes of being useful in his generation. His health
then improved, and for some years yet to come he was
enabled to maintain his position among the first of
* In the British Medical Journal, vol. ii, 1861, i and ii, 1862,
and i, 1863.
188 ROLL OF THE [1818
London physicians. But his malady — emphysema of
the lungs and severe paroxysms of asthma — increased
upon him, disabled him from exertion, and caused him
in 1865 to withdraw from business and from London.
He retired to Torquay, survived for ten years, and died
there 20th July, 1875, in the eighty-seventh year of
his age.
Dr. Latham was appointed physician extraordinary
to the queen at her majesty's accession, and he retained
that office to his death. His character has been ad-
mirably drawn by his friend, Sir Thomas Watson, to
whose elegant memoir'" I have been much indebted in
the preceding sketch. " Dr. Latham's conduct through-
out life was governed by an abiding and imperative
sense of duty ; and as a corollary of this temper of mind
must be reckoned his love and his habits of order and
method. He was a slow, self-critical composer, fastidious
in settling his diction, and careful above all things that
it should clearly convey his meaning. Settled by
strong conviction in his Christian faith, Dr. Latham
lived a life of unostentatious but habitual piety. He
was, withal, a charming companion, full of various in-
formation, affluent in anecdote, with a keen sense of
fun and humour. With this was blended, as is not un-
common, a quick sensibility of pathetic emotion. His
letters are treasures of good sense, of lively and epi-
grammatic comments on men and things, of shrewd and
weighty reflections, wise advice, and affectionate greet-
ings."
Dr. Lathamt was a very small, spare man, consider-
ably below the middle height. His spine slightly
curved, so that one shoulder was a httle higher than
the other, a defect which one rarely noticed, for it was
rendered less obvious by the scrupulous neatness of his
dress. His head was very remarkable, and he carried
* St. Bartholomew's Hospital Reports, vol. xi.
t For all that follows of Dr. Latham 1 am indebted to the
graphic and loving pen of one of the most distinguished of his
many distinguished pupils, Charles West, M.D.
1818] EOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 189
it well : a forehead high rather than broad ; the head
slightly bald when first I knew him ; thin light brown
hair, with a little wave in it behind, till time thinned it
more, and turned it grey, then white ; an aquiline nose,
almost like the great Duke's ; and eyes hazel or grey,
full of intelligence and fire. And then his voice, very
sweet in its lower notes, caressing and sympathetic to
any suffering patient, always kindly ; with a tone in it,
however, which seemed as if it had been at first ac-
quired, though it had long become a second nature.
See him where or hear him when you might, you would
have turned to look at and to listen to him, for you
would have felt that he was a personage — a man of
mark, some one to be remembered ; and listening, you
would have never heard a foolish remark or a sentence
not worth remembering. He was a gentleman and a
scholar, elegant if not profound. He lived in the atmo-
sphere of letters, but was no pedant. Not much versed
in modern literature, he belonged to the bygone classic
age of our physicians, when men read Greek for their
amusement, and wrote Latin to perfect their style— an
age now past, and which it would be as idle as it would
be impossible to seek to recall, though the genial manners
and the graceful talk of men such as Latham make one
look back to it with regret. But he was much more than
high bred gentleman, or than elegant scholar, or than
ablest clinical teacher. He was the Christian physi-
cian. Side by side with the pharmacopoeia on his con-
sulting-room table, in the little book-stand, stood
hidden in the plainest binding his Greek Testament
and Bishop Andrews s " Devotions," and he loved them
both. " Numquam ad vana aut sordida defiectendum "
was an engagement kept all his life by Dr. Latham,
and kept all the more readily because he was incapable
of understanding anything mean or selfish. To his
patients he was most gentle, kind, and sympathising,
but with an instinctive shrinking from remediless suffer-
ing, which I remember hearing, led him sometimes to
fail in keeping appointments for consultation in cases
190 ROLL OF THE [1818
that were beyond hope. And this was perhaps an indi-
cation of one of the few defects in his character — a re-
luctance to encounter pain or to engage in struggle
even when his convictions would have led him to do
so. He loved peace, which is always good ; but he
loved quiet, which is not always so good.
No true portrait can be drawn in which there are no
shadows, and of few persons could one be painted in
which so few appear. At a time when to a great de-
gree Religio Medici is but another term for scepticism,
when Le moyen de parvenir seems likely as a rule of
life to take the place of the Bible, it is something to be
able to point the younger members of the profession to
one who was at once the accomplished scholar, the
skilful physician, the eloquent writer, the very model
of a teacher, who was above all the high-toned gentle-
man and the devout Christian, and concerning whom
the sternest judgment can give no harsher verdict than
this — In troublous times he would have been a con-
fessor ; he might have lacked the courage to become a
martyr.''' Dr. Latham's portrait by Jackson has been
engraved.
Charles Badham, M.D., was born in London. After
a sound classical education, he applied to the study of
medicine, and proceeded to Edinburgh, where he gradu-
ated doctor of medicine in 1802 (D.M.I, de Urina et
Calculis). He was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians 4th April, 1803, and about that time
entered as a gentleman commoner of Pembroke college,
Oxford. As a member of that house, he proceeded A.B.
5th June, 1811, A.M. 6th November, 1812, M.B. 23rd
March, 1817, M.D. 27th March, 1817, and then coming
again under examination at the Censor's board, was ad-
mitted a Candidate of the College 30th September,
1817, and a Fellow 30th September, 1818. He was
Censor in 1821, and he delivered the Harveian oration
* Medical Times and Gazette, Aug. 7th, 1875, p. 169.
1818] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 191
in 1840. He was elected a fellow of the lioyal Society
12th March, 1818.
Dr. Badham settled in business in London in 1803,
and before long was honoured by the appointment of
physician to the duke of Sussex. In 1808 he gave
proof of his attainments as an observant practical phy-
sician by the publication of his '' Observations on the
Inflammatory Affections of the Mucous Membrane of
the Bronchise, 12mo., Lond.," in which bronchitis, acute
and chronic, was for the first time separated from peri-
pneumony and pleurisy, and the other conditions with
which it had hitherto been confounded, and its history,
diflerential diagnosis, and treatment established. About
the year 1818, Dr. Badham gave to the world a forcible
and eloquent translation of the " Satires of Juvenal," in
which he displayed a thorough knowledge of his author,
and so much poetical talent, that even Mr. Giflard, then
editor of the Quarterly Review, and the severest critic
of his time, himself the author of a translation of the
same satirist, felt himself obliged to admit that though
in the tenth satire Dr. Badham had to contend with
Dryden, he had " well sustained the contest."'"' This
translation, with considerable corrections, was repub-
lished in the Family Classical Library.
Dr. Badham's fondness for travel, in which he spent
nearly the half of his days, and his love of classical
Hterature, to which he devoted much of his time, were
unfavourable to his obtaining that extent of medical
business which, had he remained at his post, would,
with ordinary diligence, assuredly have been his portion.
But he preferred the more easy, though less lucrative,
occupation of travelling physician to persons of high
degree. When, in 1827, the chair of the practice of
physic in the university of Glasgow became vacant, Dr.
Badham was recommended by his friend. Sir Henry
Halford to the duke of Montrose, as one whose talents
and accomplishments would tend to increase the fame
of a rising university. And although Scotchmen were
* Gent. Mag., 1846, pt. 1.
192 ROLL OF THE [I8I8
not pleased at having an Englisliman preferred before
them, Dr. Badham's lectures displayed so much ability,
that his colleagues soon discovered they had reason to
be proud of the services of so brilliant a professor. At
Glasgow Dr. Badham was but little solicitous of medical
practice, and devoted himself almost exclusively to the
duties of his chair. The vacations he spent in travel,
and mostly in the south of Europe. He died in London
9th November, 1845. Dr. Badham was a frequent con-
tributor to Blackwood's Magazine.
Joseph Huelock, M.D., was bom in Middlesex,
and educated at Wadham college, Oxford, where he
proceeded A.B. 16th May, 1811, A.M. 28th April,
1813, M.B. 5th May, 1814, and M.D. 23rd January,
1817. He was admitted an Inceptor-Candidate of the
College of Physicians 26th June, 1815, a Candidate
30th September, 1817, and a Fellow 30th September,
1818.
Hugh Ley, M.D., was descended from an old and
respectable family in the west of England, but was
born at Abingdon, co. Berks, where his father, a medical
man, was then settled. He was educated at Abingdon
under Dr. Lempriere, and afterwards studied at the
Borough hospitals, and became a member of the Col-
lege of Surgeons. He next proceeded to Edinburgh,
where he graduated doctor of medicine 24th June,
1813 (D.M.I, de Natura intima Phthiseos Pulmonalis).
He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians 30th September, 1818. Dr. Ley settled in
London, and devoting himself to midwifery, was elected
physician to the Westminster Lying-in hospital. He
was associated with and eventually succeeded Dr.
Merriman as lecturer on midwifery and the diseases of
women and children at the Middlesex hospital, whence
his services in a similar capacity were in 1835 trans-
ferred to the larger school of St. Bartholomew's. He
did not long survive, and died at Stilton, in Hunting-
1818] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 193
doD shire, from disease of the heart consequent on acute
rheumatism on the 24th January, 1837, in the forty-
seventh year of his age. " Dr. Ley's professional cha-
racter was deservedly high and without blemish ; his
conduct and his sentiments on all subjects were those
of a gentleman."'''' Dr. Ley was the author of a work
of much research —
An Essay on the Laryngismus Stridulus, or Croup-like Inspira-
tion of Infants. To which, are appended Illustrations of the
General Principles of the Pathology of Nerves, and of the functions
and diseases of the Par Yagum and its principal branches. 8vo.
Lond. 1836.
John Huntington Wharkie, M.D., a doctor of
Aberdeen of the 20th April, 1818, was admitted an
Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians 8th
October, 1818, He practised successively at Horn-
church and Upminster in the county of Essex, and
dying 11th November, 1824, aged thirty-six, was buried
at Upminster church, where there is a monument to
his memory,
EoBERT Lloyd, M.D., a native of Ireland, and a
doctor of medicine of Trinity college, Du])lin, incor-
porated on that degree at Cambridge in 1817, was ad-
mitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 22nd
December, 1817, and a Fellow 22nd December, 1818.
He was Censor in 1821, and died in 1845.
Henry Shuckburgh Eoots, M.D., was born at
Kingston-on-Thames 2.5th September, 1785, and was
the son of Mr. George Roots, a highly respectable
medical practitioner of that town. Dr. Roots' medical
education was commenced under his elder brother,
William Roots, of Kingston, and was continued at the
then United Borough hospitals under the immediate
direction of Dr. Haighton, the well-known physiologist
* Mr. Earle's speech at the Medico Chirurgical Society on re-
signing the Presidency 28th February, 1837.
VOL. III. O
194 KOLL OF THE [1819
and obstetrician, with whom he resided as a house pupil.
He completed his medical studies at Edinburgh, but gra-
duated doctor of medicine at St. Andrew's 2nd Novem-
ber, 1816. He was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians 22nd December, 1818, and then commenced
practice in London. About this time, with the view
of qualifying himself for the fellowship of the College,
he matriculated at Cambridge as a member of Jesus
college, and kept his terms there by such occasional
short visits, often at considerable intervals, as the then
laxer discipline of the university permitted. He pro-
ceeded bachelor of medicine at Cambridge in 1824, and
doctor of medicine 7th July, 1829, was re-examined by
the Censors and admitted a Candidate of the College
30th September, 1830, and a Fellow 30th September,
1831. He was Censor in 1834, Consiliarius 1838, 1842,
1843, 1844, 1857, 1858, 1859, and on the 5th January,
1857, was named an Elect, being the last person nomi-
nated to that office — the order of Elects being abolished
in 1860. Dr, Roots was elected physician to St. Thomas's
hospital in 1828 on the resignation of Dr, Scott, and
resigned his office there in 1839. Dr. Roots died in
Russell-square 8th March, 1861.
Henry Lee, M.D., a doctor of medicine of Edin-
burgh of 1st August, 1815 (D.M.L de Morbis Oculi),
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
5 th April, 1819. He practised for some time at Birming-
ham, and was physician to the General dispensary in
that town. Having kept the necessary terms at Cam-
bridge he proceeded bachelor of medicine there in 1831
as a member of Caius college. Soon after this he settled
in London, but some years before his death retired from
active life and withdrew to Alvechurch near Broms-
grove, where he died 10th July, 1869, aged seventy-
six.
William Towsey, M.D., a doctor of medicine of
Aberdeen of the 3rd May, 1816, was admitted an
1819] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 195
Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians 15th
April, 1819.
Charles Henry Hardy, M.D., was born in Buck-
inghamshire, and educated at Brasenose college, Ox-
ford, as a member of which house he proceeded A.B.
13th June, 1810, A.M. 23rd June, 1813, M.B. 28th
June, 1815, and M.D. 29th November, 1816. Dr.
Hardy was admitted a Candidate of the College of Phy-
sicians 25th June, 1818, and a Fellow 25th June, 1819.
He settled at Bath, and in 1819 was appointed physi-
cian to the Bath United hospital. He resigned that
office in 1835, and died at Bath 16th December, 1843.
John Hull, M.D., was born at Poulton in Lanca-
shire in 1764, and received his medical education at
Leyden, where he graduated doctor of medicine 18th
May, 1792 (D.M.I. de Catharticis). He settled at
Manchester, and devoted himself especially to the prac-
tice of midwifery, and held the appointment of physi-
cian to the Lying-in hospital of that city. He was ad-
mitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians
6th June, 1806, and a Licentiate 25th June, 1819.
Dr. Hull died on the 17th March, 1843, in Tavistock-
square, London, the residence of his eldest son. Dr.
Hull was an accomplished botanist, and a sound practi-
cal physician. He was the author of —
The Britisb Flora. 8vo. Manchester, 1799.
Elements of Botany. 2 vols. 8vo. Manchester, 1800.
Defence of the Ceesarian Operation with Observations on Em-
brynlcia and the Section of the Symphysis Pubis. 8vo. Manchester,
3 798.
Observations on Mr. Simmons's Detection, &c., with a defence of
the Caesarian Operation, account of Embryotomy, &c. 8vo. Man-
chester, 1799.
Essay on Phlegmasia Dolens, with an account of Peritonitis Puer-
peralis. 8vo. Manchester, 1800.
Two Memoirs on the Csesarian Operation, translated from the
French of Bandelocque, with an Appendix. 8vo. Manchester, 1801.
Matthias Kenny, M.D., was born in Ireland, gra-
o 2
196 ROLL OF THE [1819
duated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh, 25th June,
1810 (D.M.I, de Colica Pictonum), and was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th Jime,
1819.
John Sims, M.D., was born in Cheshire in 1792, and
educated at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of
medicine 1st August, 1818 (D.M.I, de Cerebri Concus-
sione, malisque inde oriundis) . He was admitted a Li-
centiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1819,
and settling in practice in London, was largely em-
ployed by the society of Friends, to which he himself
belonged. Dr. Sims was physician to the Marylebone
infirmary, and was one of the senate of the university
of London. He died at his house in Cavendish-square
19th July, 1838, aged forty-six. ''Dr. Sims was one
of the most zealous and disinterested members of the
medical profession to which he may be said to have
fallen a sacrifice. About six years before he had a
most dangerous illness produced by the absorption of
poison while dissecting, during the prosecution of re-
searches on morbid anatomy ; a study in which he was
much interested. From this severe attack he nar-
rowly escaped. The attack, which proved fatal, was a
ma^lignant fever of a low typhoid character, which he
is supposed to have caught at the St. Marylebone in-
firmary. "'''*■
William Frederic Chambers, M.D., was descended
from a family of good standing in Northumberland.
He was born in India in 1786, and was the eldest son
of William Chambers, esq., a distinguished oriental
scholar in the civil service of the East India company,
by his wife, a daughter of Thomas Fraizer, of Balmain,
esq. Dr. Chambers was brought to England in 1793
on the death of his father, and placed in the first in-
stance at the gi-ammar school of Bath, whence he was
* British and Foreign Medical Review, vol. vi, p. 594.
1819] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 197
transferred to Westminster, and in due course to Trinity
college, Cambridge, where he proceeded A.B. 1808,
A.M. 1811, M.D. 1818. His medical knowledge was
obtained at St. George's hospital, the Windmill-street
school of medicine, and the Public dispensary. Bishop s
court, Lincoln's inn ; and he spent one year in Edinburgh.
Dr. Chambers was admitted an Inceptor-Candidate of
the College of Physicians 22nd December, 1813, a Can-
didate 30th September, 1818, and a Fellow 30th Sep-
tember, 1819. He was Censor in 1822, 1836, Consilia-
rius 1836, 1841, 1845, and was named an Elect in 1847.
On the 20th April, 1816, Dr. Chambers was elected phy-
sician to St. George's hospital. His progress to fame and
fortune, though at first slow, was steady and assured.
On the death of Dr. Maton in 1835, he succeeded to
much of that physician s practice, and the increasing
age of Sir Henry Halford, and his death in 1844, left
Dr. Chambers at the head of his profession in Londcm.
He had for many years the most extensive business of
any physician in the town, and his income from 1836
to 1 851 or thereabouts is known to have ranged between
seven and nine thousand guineas a year. The mental
character to which he owed this distinction is interest-
ing as a subject of psychological study, and valuable
as an example and encouragement to those who desire
to lead a similar life of usefulness. His intellectual
powers were not of that order to which it is usual to
apply the term " genius/* no original discovery, no
striking innovation marked his career. Nor was he a
man of very sparkling talent — there was nothing that
could be called brilliancy in his thought' his writing, or
his mode of action. What he possessed in an eminent
degree was wisdom, judgment — that peculiar balance
of faculties which enables a man to think soundly, and
to be a safe adviser and guardian.^"' But Dr. Chambers
was also a person of great energy, industry, and of in-
domitable perseverance. When he commenced practice
* Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, vol. viii, p. 268.
193 BOLL OF THE [1819
he made clear and concise memoranda in Latin of every
case that came before him, and he continued that habit
to the last. The books he used for this purpose were
quarto volumes of about four hundred pages each. He
filled no less than sixty-seven of these volumes, besides
numerous thinner quartos in the shape of indices. All
his cases and every-day's work were regularly entered
and indexed as carefully as in a merchant's ledger. His
case books also contained notes of consultations and
post-mortem examinations in striking cases. As part
of his notes of cases he had a method of sketching-
diagrams of his patients and their maladies. His books
were filled with outlines of figures, with here a dot to
indicate a cavity in the lung, there a portrait of hydro-
thorax with the heart bulging towards the right ribs,
and here a case of hepatic enlargement, or a case of
difiused tubercle. All these things were done in such
a manner as to indicate to him at a glance the very
spot and extent of any disease which had passed under
his diagnosis. His plan was to insert his home cases
leisurely at the time he prescribed for them, and after
his return home in the evening he would from memory
enter the cases he had visited.''' On the 2nd October,
1836, Dr. Chambers was sent for to see the queen
(Adelaide) at Windsor, and on the 25th October was
gazetted physician in ordinary to the queen. Upon
the illness of the king in May of the following year he
was appointed physician in ordinary to his majesty,
who created him K.C.H., but allowed him to decline
the honour of ordinary knighthood which had until
that time been considered a necessary accompaniment
of the commandership of the Guelphic Order. On the
accession of her present majesty Dr. Chambers was
gazetted one of the physicians in ordinary to the queen,
and in 1839 he was appointed physician in ordinary to
the duchess of Kent.
About 1837 Dr. Chambers ceased to lecture on the
practice of physic, which he had done for many years,
* Lives of Brifcisli Physicians, 2nd Edition. 12mo. Lond., 185?.
1819] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 199
first in Windmill-street, and afterwards at St. George's
hospital, and two years later he resigned his physician-
ship to the hospital. About 1 8 5 1 , his health having given
way, he withdrew from professional life and from London.
He retired to his country seat, HordlecliflPe, near Lym-
ington, and died there the 17th December, 1855, aged
sixty-nine. " Dr. Chambers," wrote his friend and col-
league. Sir Benjamin Brodie, " was a thorough gentle-
man in the best sense of the word ; an accomplished
scholar, and had been a diligent student in his profession.
Although Sir Henry Halford continued to be in attend-
ance on king William, the queen seemed to prefer Dr.
Chambers's straightforwardness to the courtier-like man-
ners of the other. Latterly Chambers was consulted by
the king himself, and he was in attendance on his majesty
during his last illness, in conjunction with Sir David
Davis, the king's domestic physician. From this time
Dr. Chambers had the largest share of medical practice
in the metropolis, and he well merited the estimation in
which he was held by both the public and the members
of his own profession. But his physical powers were
scarcely equal to the labours which were thus imposed on
him. One forenoon, continues Sir Benjamin Brodie,
when I was occupied in seeing patients at my own house,
he called on me in a state of considerable alarm, having
been suddenly affected with difficulty of articulation.
This attack was not of long duration. But it was the
first symptom of a disease of the brain which, though for
a long time imperceptible to others, was too plain to those
who were intimately acquainted with him, and whicli
caused his death several years afterwards. He had
purchased a house with a small estate, on the sea coast
in Hampshire, to which, when no longer in a fit state
to pursue his profession, he retired, and where he
passed the few remaining years of his life. Dr. Chambers
had an extensive knowledge of his profession, and his
great natural sagacity enabled him readily to apply
what he knew to the investigation and treatment of the
cases which were presented to him. He was altogether
200 ROLL OF THE [l819
an excellent practitioner, but he never ventured to
communicate the result of his observations to the public,
and thus has left nothing behind him by which he will
be known to the next generation. But the same thing
may be said of many others/' '''"■ Dr. Chambers's portrait
is in the Board room of St. George's hospital.
John Scott, M.D., was born in London, and edu-
cated at Brasenose college, Oxford. He proceeded
A.B. 16th May, 1812, A.M. 11th October, 1813, M.B.
4th February, 1815, M.D. 22nd October, 1817. He
was admitted an Inceptor- Candidate of the College of
Physicians, 25th June, 1816, a Candidate 30th Septem-
ber, 1818, and a Fellow 30th September, 1819. He
was elected physician to St. Thomas's hospital in 1817,
and resigned that office in 1828. He died in Bedford-
square, 30th July, 1849, aged sixty-six. Dr. Scott,
though connected with a large hospital, was but little
known as a physician, or in the profession. He was a
good classical scholar, but he was more particularly
eminent for his extensive knowledge of oriental lan-
guages.
Thomas Mayo, M.D., was born in London, in 1790,
and was the son of John Mayo, M.D., a fellow of the
college before mentioned. His scholastic education was
begun under the Bev. John Smith, of Eltham, with
whom he remained three years. He was then for
eighteen months at Westminster, but was permitted
by his father to leave it, and escape the foundation and
" its peculiar training, "t on the pledge that he would
win for himself a fellowship of Oriel. He was therefore
transferred to the private tuition of the Bev. George
* Autobiography of Sir Benjamin Brodie, Bart., prefixed to his
works, in 3 vols. Edited by Charles Hawkins. London. 1865.
Vol. i, p. 110.
t In a note to me, dated May 28, 1861, Dr. Mayo writes, " I was
a fellow of Oriel, to the attainment of which honour I had pledged
myself to my father, provided he would permit me to escape the
1819] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 201
Ilicliards, vicar of Bampton, and formerly fellow of
Oriel college, a distinguished scholar, and still remem-
bered by his prize poem, " The Aboriginal Britons."
Under Mr. Richards's guidance he made rapid progress,
and in due course was entered at Oriel college, Oxford,
and gained a fellowship of that house. He passed a
most brilliant examination, and took a first class in Uteris
humanioribus. He proceeded A.B. 24th October, 1811,
A.M. 1st June, 1814, M.B. 4th February, 1815,^ and
M.D. 17th June, 1818. He commenced the practice of
his profession at Tunbridge Wells, and on the death of
liis father, in 1818, succeeded to a large and remunera-
tive business there. In 1835 Dr. Mayo settled in Lon-
don. He had been admitted an Inceptor-Candidate of
the College of Physicians 25th June, 1816, a Candidate
30th September, 1818, and a Fellow 30th September,
1819. He was Censor in 1835, 1839, 1850. He delivered
the Lumleian lectures in 1839 and 1842, the Harveian
oration in 1841, and the Croonian lectures in 1853. He
was Consiliarius in 1838, in 1842 to 1844, in 1848 to
1850, in 1852 to 1854, and lastly, in 1856, and was
named an Elect 26th June, 1847. Finally, on the 5th
January, 1857, he was elected President in succession
to Dr. Paris, deceased, and was annually re-elected until
1862, when he was succeeded by Sir Thomas Watson,
bart. Dr. Mayo presided over the College at a most
critical period in its history, when it was undergoing
those changes in its constitution that were rendered ne-
cessary by the Medical Act of 21 and 22 Victoria. In
the lengthened deliberations which preceded the funda-
mental alterations finally agreed on. Dr. Mayo, as pre-
sident, took an active part, and the fellows of the Col-
lege acknowledged their sense of his services by retain-
ing him for another year in his office as president, on
the change in the mode of election, when the eight elects
and the exclusive election of president from and by that
' foundation ' of Westminster school and its peculiar training,
which, combined with a very fair proportion of Latin and Greek,
occasional aerostation in a blanket."
202 EOLL OF THE [1819
order were abolished, and the election to the presidency
was vested in the fellows at large. On retiring from
that position in 1862, it was proposed by Dr. Hawkins,
seconded by Sir Charles Locock, bart., and agreed to
unanimously in a very large assemblage of the fellows,
*• That the sincere and cordial thanks of the College be
returned to Dr. Mayo, the late President, for the inde-
fatigable zeal and entire devotion, the never-failing
courtesy and dignity with which he has presided over
the College during upwards of five years, and especially
for his great and disinterested services in promoting and
carry hig into effect during his period of office important
changes in the state and constitution of the College."
Dr. Mayo, on ceasing to be president, withdrew from the
practice of his profession and from London. He died
on the 13th January, 1871, aged eighty-one, at Corsham,
Wilts, the residence of his son.
Dr. Mayo was the author of —
Remarks on Insanity, founded on the practice of John Mayo,
M.D., and tending to illustrate the physical symptoms and treatment
of the disease. 8vo. Lond. 1817.
An Essay on the Influence of Temperament in modifying Dys-
pepsia or Indigestion. 8vo. Lond. 1831.
Elements of the Pathology of the Human Mind. 12mo. Lond.
1838.
Clinical Eacts and Reflections, with Remarks on the Impunity of
Murder in some cases of presumed Insanity. 8vo. Lond. 1847.
Outlines of Medical Proof. 8vo. Lond. 1848.
Sequel to Outlines of Medical Proof. 8vo. Lond. 1848.
Outlines of Medical Proof revised, with Remarks on its applica-
tion to certain forms of Irregular Medicine. 12mo. Lond. 1850.
Medical Testimony and Evidence in Cases of Lunacy, being the
Croonian lectures for 1853, with an Essay on the Conditions of
Mental Soundness. 12mo. Lond. 1854.
Medical Examinations and Physicians' Requirements considered.
8vo. Lond. 1857.
John Eaxicak Park, M.D., was the only son of
Mr. Henry Park, of Liverpool, an .eminent surgeon,
well known by his treatise on diseases of the joints. He
received his early education at Warrington and subse-
quently under a private tutor, and then passed some
1819] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 203
time on the continent. On his return he entered at
Jesus college, Cambridge. He graduated M.B. 1813,
was licensed to practice by the University 18th No-
vember, 1815, and proceeded M.D. in 1818. He was
admitted an Inceptor-Candidate of the College of Phy-
sicians 22nd December, 1815 ; a Candidate 30th Sep-
tember, 1818; a Fellow 30th September, 1819; and
was Gulstonian lecturer in 1821. Dr. Park died at
Hampstead 14th December, 1847, aged sixty-nine. He
was the author of —
An Inqnirj into the Laws of Animal Life, with an Outline of the
organs and functions of the Human Body. 8vo. Lond. 1812.
The Pathology of Fever, being the Gulstonian lectures of 1821.
8vo. Lond. 1822.
A Concise Exposition of the Apocalypse so far as the Prophecies
are fulfilled; several of which are interpreted in a different way
from that adapted by other commentators. 8vo. Lond. 1823.
William Montgomery Boyton, M.D., was born in
Dubhn, and was the son of John WiUiam Boyton, M.D.,
an eminent physician in that city and King's professor
of the Institutes of Medicine in the university. He
was educated at Trinity college, Dublin, where he
took the first degree in arts. He was incorporated on
that degree at Oxford as a member of St. AJban s hall
19th June, 1817, and proceeded A.M. 27th June, 1817 ;
M.B. 22nd October, 1817, and M.D. 25th June, 1818.
He was admitted an Inceptor-Candidate of the College
of Physicians 22nd December, 1817 ; a Candidate 30th
September, 1818, and a Fellow 30th September, 181.9.
He was Censor in 1822 and 1834. He was elected
physician to Westminster hospital in 1818, but re-
signed that office in 1819 ; was re-elected in 1820, and
again resigned in 1824. Dr. Boyton died 23rd Oc-
tober, 1841, aged fifty-three.
Archibald Billing, M.D., was born at Cromlyn, in
the county of Dublin, the country residence of his
father, Theodore Billing, esq., on 10th January, 1791.
204 ROLL OF THE [1819
He was entered at Trinity college, Dublin, in 1807,
graduated A. B. 1811, M.B. 1814, M.D. 1818, and was
incorporated at Oxford on his doctors degree as a
member of St. Alban's hall 22nd October, 1818. He
then settled in London, was admitted a Candidate of the
College of Physicians 22nd December, 1818, and a
Fellow 22nd December, 1819. He was Censor in 1823
and Consiliarius in 1852, 1855, 1856, 1857. Dr. Bil-
ling was elected physician to the London hospital 2nd
July, 1822, and retained his office there until 4th June,
1845. His exertions to raise the character of the prac-
tical instruction given in that institution were indefa-
tigable. He was the first in London to organise a
system of practical teaching at the bed-side and to
give it full effect by regular clinical lectures, which
he commenced in 1822, immediately after his appoint-
ment as physician, and continued until 1836. Dr.
Billing is on the senate of the University of London,
and held for many years the appointment of examiner
in medicine in the university. He is the author
of—
The First Principles of Medicine. 8vo, Lond. 1831,
Practical Observations on Diseases of the Lungs and Heart. 8vo.
Lond. 1852.
On the Treatment of Asiatic Cholera. 8vo. Lond. 1848.
The Science of Gems, Jewels, Coins, and Medals, Ancient and
Modern. Royal 8vo. Lond. 1867.
John Tricker Conquest, M.D. A doctor of medi-
cine of Edinburgh of 13th September, 1813 (D.M.L de
Rheumatismo), was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 22nd December, 1819. He was for
many years in extensive business as an accoucheur, for
some years was lecturer on midwifery at St. Bartholo-
mew's hospital, and was physician accoucheur to the
City Lying-in hospital. Dr. Conquest retired from prac-
tice several years before his death. The latter period
of his life was passed in seclusion from society. He
died 24th October, 1866, aged seventy-seven. Dr.
Conquest was the author of —
1819] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 205
Outlines of Midwifery. 12nio. Lond. 1820.
Letters to a Mother on the Management of herself and her Chil-
dren in Health and Disease, with Remarks on Chloroform. 12mo.
Lond. 1852.
George Darling, M.D., was born in Edinburgh and
educated as a surgeon, in which capacity he entered
the service of the East India company and took two
or three voyages to India. He settled in London as a
general practitioner in partnership with Mr. (afterwards
I)r.) Neil Arnott. Eelinquishing that department of
practice he graduated doctor of medicine at Aberdeen
1st April, 1815 ; and was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 22nd December, 1819. He settled
in Russell-square and enjoyed for many years a lucrative
practice in the northern districts of the metropolis. He
was much employed by artists, and numbered among
his friends and patients Hilton, Hayden, Wilkie, Chan-
trey, and Sir Thomas Lawrence. He was also intimate
with Sir James Mackintosh, whose family gave Dr. Dar-
ling, as a token of friendship for his assiduous medical
attendance on their father, a valuable diamond snuff-box
which Sir James had received as a present from the
queen of Portugal.'"' Dr. Darling died at Eussell-square
30th April, 1862.
Thomas Addison, M.D., was descended from a
family of yeomen who had been settled for many gene-
rations at Lanercost, in Cumberland. He was the
younger son of Joseph Addison, who was in business
at Long Benton, near Newcastle, where the future
physician was born in April, 1793. His father, a
grocer and flour dealer, a man of enlarged views, gave
his son the best elementary education within his reach,
and aspired to start him in life, on a much higher
social level than his own.t He was designed by his
father for the law, but his own predilections led him to
* Proceedings of Med. Chir. Soc. of London. Vol. iv, p. 194.
t Dr. Headlam Greenhow's Croonian lectures for 1875, on Addi-
son's Disease. 8vo. Lond. 1875, p. 2, et seq.
206 BOLL OF THE [1819
medicine. He was sent in the first instance to a school
kept in a roadside cottage by one John Ptutter, the
parish clerk, from whom, some years later, Eobert, the
son of George Stephenson, received his elementary
education, whilst his father was enginewright at the
neighbouring Killingworth collieries. Addison was
afterwards removed to the grammar school of New-
castle-on-Tyne, during the mastership of the Rev.
Edward Moises, A.M., and is said to have particularly
distinguished himself there by his acquirements in
Latin- He went next to Edinburgh, passed through
the usual course of medical studies there, and graduated
doctor of medicine 1st August, 1815 (D.M.I, de Syphi-
lide). Dr. Addison then came to London. . Fortunately
his father had by this time the means, as he had from
the first the desire, to afford his son every possible adr
vantage for acquiring a knowledge of his profession.
The opening out of collieries in the parish had largely
increased his business, and he had become rich for his
station. Soon after Dr. Addison's arrival in town he
was appointed house surgeon to the Lock hospital.
About the same time he entered as a pupil of Dr.
Bateman at the Public dispensary (to which institu-
tion he was himself subsequently physician), and there
laid the foundation of that accurate knowledge of skin
disease which he was known to have possessed. He
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
22nd December, 1819, and a Fellow 4th July, 1838.
About the year 1820 Dr. Addison entered as a pupil
of Guy's hospital, with which institution his life as a
physician was thenceforth inseparably connected. He
never succeeded to, nor indeed did he seem solicitous
of large private practice and its coincident emoluments,
indeed he was by nature and manners unfitted for it.
But he was well qualified for the business of teaching,
whether in the lecture room or in the wards of the
hospital. He was for many years acknowledged as the
spirit which influenced the medical doings at Guy's
hospital, and to Addison is due in great measure the
1811)] EOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 207
prominent character which the medical department of
that institution has of late years held in public pro-
fessional estimation. He was appointed assistant
physician to Guy's hospital in 1824, lecturer on Materia
Medica in the hospital school in 1827, and in that
capacity his success was so great that his emoluments
from this source alone are said to have amounted to
seven or eight hundred pounds a year. In 1837 Dr.
Addison became full physician to the hospital, and was
associated with Dr. Bright in the lectures on the prac-
tice of medicine. He continued working at the hospital
until his health gave way. He resigned his office
there, and withdrawing from London to Brighton died
there 29th June, 1860. He was buried at Lanercost
abbey, in Cumberland, and on the western wall of the
abbey is a tablet bearing the following inscription : —
In memory of Thomas Addison, M.D.,
Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, London,
and late President of the Eoyal Medico-Chirurgical Society of
England.
He was during 37 years Physician and Lecturer
at Guy's Hospital, London,
the duties of which position he performed in a manner
to secure to himself eminence in his profession,
and the gratitude of his numerous pupils. »
To his talents and industry
that school is mainly indebted
for the celebrity it has attained.
He died 29th June, 1860, aged 68 years.
His body is interred near the north eastern corner of
the adjoining churchyard.
This tablet is erected by his widow
Elizabeth Catherine Addison, March, 1862.
Dr. Addison was chiefly remarkable among his con-
temporaries for the minute accuracy of his diagnosis, in
which important point he had few equals and no
superior. " Possessing unusually vigorous perceptive
powers, being shrewd and sagacious beyond the aver-
age of men, the patient before him was scanned with a
penetrating glance from which few diseases could escape
208 ROLL OF THE [1819
detection. He never reasoned from a half discovered
fact, but would remain at the bedside with a dogged
determination to track out the disease to its very
source for a period which often wearied his class and
his attendant friends. To those who knew him best
his power of searching into the complex framework of
the body and dragging the hidden malady to light, ap-
peared unrivalled, but that great object being accom-
plished, the same energetic power was not devoted to
its alleviation or cure."'"
Dr. Addison's fame with posterity will mainly rest
on his discovery of the heretofore unsuspected disease
of the supra renal capsules, which now bears his name.
Morbus vel Melasma Addisoni, a brief but lucid and
masterly description of which he gave to the world in
1855. But of more practical value and of scarcely less
originality were his contributions to the anatomy and
pathology of the lungs, to pneumonia, pneumonic
phthisis and phthisis. " To those," writes Dr. Wilks,t
" who knew Addison, it is almost absurd to rest his
fame on a discovery made towards the close of his
career, and when his clinical teaching had reached its
end. To his pupils the essay on Supra Renal Disease is
nothing compared with what he did during a long series
of years in the elucidation of the forms of phthisis and
some other diseases. It was not a mere scientific dis-
covery, but his powerful lectures which impressed the
last generation of Guy s men. Whilst to us his work on
Supra Renal Diseas'e is a trifle, to the outside world
and to posterity it may be that which will perpetuate
his fame." Dr. Addison s merits and memory have
been duly honoured at " Guy's," the sphere in which
he laboured and where he shone. His bust by Joseph
Towne, an admirable likeness, the offering of his col-
* " Biography " prefixed to the New Sydenham Society's Col-
lection of the Published Writings of Thomas Addison, M.D. 8vo.
Lond. 1868, p. xii.
f Dr. Wilks' Historical Notes on Bright's Disease, Addison's
Disease and Hodprkin's Disease.
1819] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 209
leagues is in tlie Pathological Museum.'"' One of the
medical wards in the new portion of the hospital is
named after him ; and in the chapel of the hospital there
is a marble tablet with the following inscription : —
In memoty of
Thomas Addison, M.D.,
for 36 years Physician and Lecturer at this Hospital,
who died 29th June, 1860, aged 68 years.
Whilst earning for himself by his discoveries
a distinguished place in the records of Medical Science,
he no less effectually secured,
through the able and zealous discharge of his duties
at this Institution,
the attachment and esteem of the Patients and the Students.
As Lecturer, he attracted the admiration,
and won the confidence of the latter by his profound
knowledge and earnest eloquence.
As Physician he was beloved by the former
for the unwearied attention and kindness with which
he devoted his eminent talents to the
cure of their ailments
or the relief of their sufferings.
Every feature of Addison's face, says his friend Dr.
Lonsdale, was well defined, and comported well with
his finely proportioned massive head. He had dark
hair, large eyebrows, and eyes of deep hazel colour ; his
nose was pronounced, his lips full and voluble and
rather special in action, and his chin firm and broad ;
and his general physiognomy was stamped with vigour
and unmistakable character throughout. He had a
deep penetrating eye, not educible by sculpture, or
perhaps pictorial art, that became full of life and light
when engaged in debate. The more active cerebral
manifestation found expression in his eyes and a certain
muscular movemeint of the lips, a facial expression diffi-
cult to define in a man of such emphatic character.
Though looked upon as a proud and haughty spirit, Dr.
* The pedestal supportiug the bust is inscribed as follows :
" Thorase Addison, M.D., qui ingenio et moribus insignis, scholse
huic medicse diu et honeste prsefuit, effigiem hanc marmoream Col-
legse sui debito honore prosequentes statuere mdccclxit."
VOL. Til. P
210 ROLL OF THE [1819
Addison was nervous and timid. Others as well as myself
have heard liim say that he never addressed a meeting,
even of the Physical society at Guy's, where he was
surrounded by his pupils, without being more or less
disconcerted on first rising. Dr. Wilks, the esteemed
colleague of Addison, properly observes : In what de-
gree a resoluteness of expression and an undue energy
of manner is unconsciously adopted to cloak a covert
physical nervousness, no one but the wearer of the
cloak can fully estimate. We have reason to know that
Addison suffered most acutely from this physical ener-
vation. No doubt Addison was credited with great
physical and moral energy without recognising that a
quick, hasty, and impassioned manner of expression is
not unfrequently the result of a deficient controlling
power. We know that his mind was to the last degree
susceptible, and that, although wearing the outward
garb of resolution he was, beyond most other men, most
liable to sink under trial. We lay some stress upon
this peculiarity for the purpose of vindicating his cha-
racter from the unamiable spirit which we have heard
sometimes laid to his charge. '^^'
Dr. Addison was the author of —
An Essay on tlie Operation of Poisonous Agents upon the living
Body (conjointly with Mr. John Morgan). 8vo. Lond. 1829.
Observations on the Disorders of Females connected with Uterine
Irritation. 8vo. Lond. 1830.
The Elements of the Practice of Medicine. Vol. i. 8vo. Lond.
1839.
This was to have been a conjoint workby Drs. Bright
and Addison, but it is well known that the greater
part, if not the whole of this, the only volume of the
work which appeared, was from the pen of Dr. Addison.
Dr. Bright's portion was to have been later on in the
work.
On the Constitutional and Local Effects of Disease of the Supra
E-enal Capsules. Plates. 4to. Lond. 1855.
* The Worthies of Cumberland, by H. Lonsdale, M.D. 8vo.
Lond. 1873, pp. 254— 2G6.
1819] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 211
But some of Dr. Addison's most original and valu-
able writings are among those he contributed to the
Guy's Hospital Reports, especially those on the anatomy
of the lungs ; on pneumonia and its consequences ; and
on the pathology of phthisis. These with some of his
other writings, have been published by the New
Sydenham Society in one volume, with the title —
A Collection of the Publislied Writings of the late Thomas Addi-
son, M.D., Physician to Guy's Hospital. 8vo. Lond. 1868.
Heathfield Tregonwell Framton, M.D., was born
in London and graduated doctor of medicine at Edin-
burgh 2nd August, 1819 (D.M.I, de Aneurismate). He
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
22nd December, 1819, and practised for a short time in
London, but soon removed to Lymington, and died
there 25th July, 1831, aged forty-nine, being then in
the commission of the peace for the county of Hants.
Sir Andrew Halliday, M.D., was born at Dumfries
and educated for the church, but left that profession for
physic which he studied at Edinburgh, where he gra-
duated doctor of medicine 24th June, 1806 (D.M.I, de
Pneumatosi). He practised for a short time at Hales-
worth, near Birmingham, and afterwards served on the
staff of the army, both in Portugal and Spain, was at
the assault of Bergen op Zoom, and at the battle of
Waterloo. He attended William lY, when duke of
Clarence, in his journeys abroad inquest of health, and
he resided for some time with his royal highness in the
capacity of domestic physician. He was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 22nd December,
1819, and through the influence of the duke of Clarence
was knighted by George IV in 1821. Sir Andrew
Halliday eventually proceeded to the West Indies as
inspector of hospitals, but returned in a few years ut-
terly broken in health, when he retired to Dumfries.
He had on the 4th November, 1817, been admitted a
licentiate of the Edinburgh College of Physicians, and
p 2
212 ROLL OF TPIE [1820
on the 7th August, 1827, was admitted a fellow of that
body. Sir Andrew Halliday died at Dumfries 7th Sep-
tember, 1839. He was the author of —
Observations on Emphysema, or the Disease which arises from
the effusion of air into the cavity of the Thorax. 8vo.
Remarks on the present state of the Lunatic Asylums in Ireland.
8vo. Lond. 1808.
Observations on the Fifth Report of the Commissioners of Mili-
tary Inquiry. 8vo. 1809.
Observations on the present state of the Portuguese Army. 4to.
1811.
A Memoir of the Campaign of 1815. 4to. 1816.
A History of the House of Brunswick and Lunenburgh (from
materials partly collected by the Rev. Geo. Glindell, A.M., Chaplain
General to the Hanoverian Army). 4to. 1820.
Annals of the House of Hanover. 2 vols. 8vo. 1826.
A General View of the present state of Lunatics and Lunatic
Asylums in Great Britain and Ireland, and in some other king-
doms. 8vo. Lond. 1828.
The West Indies : the natural and physical History of the Wind-
ward and Leeward Colonies. 8vo. Lond. 1837.
A Letter on Sickness and Mortality in the West Indies. 8vo.
Lond. 1839.
John Robert Hume, M.D., was born in Eenfrew
shire. He attended the medical classes at Glasgow in
1795, 1798, and 1799, and those of Edinburgh in 1796-7,
and then entered the medical department of the army,
and ultimately attained the rank of deputy inspector of
army hospitals. He served with distinction in the Pe-
ninsula, and during that period was surgeon to the duke
of Wellington, with whom he continued on the most
intimate relations to the last. On the 12th January,
1816, he was created doctor of medicine by the univer-
sity of St. Andrew's, and on the 22nd December, 1819,
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians,
when he settled in London. Dr. Hume was private
physician to the duke of Wellington, and as physician
to the duke, then chancellor of the university, was
created doctor of civil law at Oxford 13th June, 1834.
He was admitted a Fellow of the College of Physicians
9th July, 1836, was appointed one of the metropolitan
commissioners in lunacy 1st September, 1836, and died
1820] ROVvL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 213
lit his house in Curzon-street, 1st March, 1857, in the
seventy-sixth year of his age.
Fkederic Granger, M.B,, was born in Bristol, but
was descended from a family of substance and standing
in Exeter, to which city his father returned sliortly after
the bu'th of this his second son. He received his early
education at Blundell's school, Tiverton, and after some
hesitation as to his future profession was apprenticed to
Mr. Luscombe one of the surgeons to the Devon and
Exeter hospital. He spent one year at Edinburgh, but
then removed to London and entered at St. Bartholo-
mew's hospital, where his medical studies were com-
pleted. He also matriculated at Cambridge as a gentle-
man commoner of Emmanuel college. He was admitted
an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians 23rd
December, 1819, and in 1822 proceeded bachelor of
medicine at Cambridge. Dr. Granger settled in Exeter,
and in 1822 was elected physician to the Devon and
Exeter hospital. He held this office for many years,
but resigned it some time before his death which occur-
red on the 4th January, 1864, at the age of seventy-
three.
George Hume Weatherhead, M.D., was born in
Berwickshire in 1790 and educated at Edinburgh,
where he graduated doctor of medicine 1st August,
1816 (D.M.I. deDiagnosi inter Erysipelas, Phlegmonim
et Erythema). He was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians, 27th March, 1820 ; and died at
Foot's Cray, 22nd June, 1853, aged sixty-three. Dr.
Weatherhead was the author of —
An Essaj on the Diagnosis between Erysipelas, Phlegmon, and
Erythema, with an appendix on the Nature of Puerperal Fever. 8vo.
Lond. 1819.
A Treatise on Infantile and Adult Rickets. 12mo. Lond. 1820.
An Analysis of the Leamington Spa in Warwickshire. 8\o.
1820.
An Account of the Beulah Saline Spa at Norwood. 8vo. Lond.
1832.
214 ROLL OF THE [1820
A new Synopsis of Nosology, founded on tlie principles of Patho-
logical Anatomy and the Natural Affinities of Diseases. 12mo. Lond.
1834.
A Pedestrian Tour through France and Italy. 8vo. Lond. 1834.
On the Spontaneous Erosions and Perforations of the Stomach
in contradistinction to those produced by Poisons. Translated from
the French of Gabriel Laisne. 12mo. Lond. 1821.
A Treatise on Headaches, their various Causes, Prevention, and
Cure. 12mo. Lond. 1835.
A Practical Treatise on Diseases of the Lungs in relation to the
particular Tissues Affected. 8vo. Lond. 1837.
The History of the early and present state of the Venereal Dis-
ease Examined ; wherein it is shown that Mercury never was neces-
sary for its cure, as well as the injurious consequences that result
from its employment ; at the same time pointing out approved
modes of treatment founded on its pathology. 8vo. Lond, 1841.
On the Cure of Gout and Rheumatism by Cold Water ; with
cases. 8vo. Lond. 1843.
David Lewis, M.D., a doctor of medicine of St.
Andrew's, of 1st April, 1820 ; was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College of Physicians, 15th June,
1820.
Sir David Barry, M.D., was born 12th March,
1780, in the county of Roscommon. Of his education,
general or medical, but little is known. He was early
distinguished for his classical and mathematical attain-
ments, and was originally destined for another pro-
fession ; but he turned to medicine, and on the 6th
March, 1806, entered the medical department of the
army as assistant-surgeon of the 89th regiment. After
three years' service in this capacity, he resigned his
medical appointment and took an ensign's commission
in the same regiment, then serving in Portugal. He
did not continue long in this position, but returned to
the medical service, and in February, 1810, was ap-
pointed assistant-surgeon of the 58 th foot. In this
situation, he had to give aid to Field-marshal Beresford
when wounded in the battle of Salamanca, and who,
ever after, warmly espoused his interests. He was
appointed surgeon to the Portuguese forces in March,
1813, and staff-surgeon in the British army in Sep tern-
1820] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 215
ber, 1814. At the close of the war, he was nominated
stafF-surgeon of the district of Braganza, and resided,
for some years in this capacity, at Oporto. On the
breaking out of the re violation in Portugal in 1820, he
returned to England, was created doctor of medicine
by the university of St. Andrew's, and on the 22nd
June, 1820, was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the
College of Physicians. He proceeded to Paris in 1822,
and devoted himself at once to the further study and
practice of his profession. Having gone through the
necessary curriculum of study there, he graduated doctor
of medicine in the university of Paris, 9 th June, 1827, and
then returned to England with the design of practising
in London. He was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians, 1st October, 1827. In 1828, how-
ever, he was sent to Gibraltar to investigate the nature
of yellow fever then prevalent in that garrison. He
was promoted to the rank of physician to the forces,
5th November, 182.9, and in the following year re-
turned to London. In June, 1831, he was sent, in
conjunction with Dr. (afterwards Sir William) Russell,
to St. Petersburgh, to investigate the nature of cholera
then raging there and spreading alarm through every
other country. On his return, he was made deputy-
inspector- general of hospitals. When cholera appeared
in England, he was much employed in its investigation.
For his services he received, the 22nd February, 1832,
the honour of knighthood from the king, having been
previously invested with the orders of the Tower and
Sword of Portugal, and of St. Anne of Russia. In the
year 1833, Sir David Barry was appointed one of the
commissioners for inquiring into the health of children
employed in the British factories, and in 1834, was
placed on the Irish commission for investigating the
state of the poor and of the medical charities in Ireland.
He had but recently returned from this last enquiry,
and was still occupied in arranging his voluminous
documents on this subject, when he was suddenly cut
off on the 4th November, 1836, in his fifty-eighth year,
216 ROLL OF THE [1820
from rupture of an aneurism of the aorta.'" Sir David
Barry was the author of an original and valuable phy-
siological work :
Experimental Researches on the Influence exercised by Atmo-
spheric Pressure upon the Progression of the Blood in the Veins,
upon the function of Absorption, and upon the Prevention and
Cure of the Symptoms caused by the Bites of Rabid or Venomous
Animals. 8vo. Lond. 1826.
John Armstrong, M.D., was born at Bishop's
Wearmouth, 8th May, 1784, and was the only surviv-
ing son of George Armstrong, the superintendent of
some glass works, by his wife Ann Robson, a woman of
much sagacity and excellence, to whom her son through
life was wont to express his deepest obligations. He was
educated at Bishop's Wearmouth under a Scotch clergy-
man, Mr. Mason, and at Edinburgh where he graduated
doctor of medicine 24th June, 1807 (D.M.I, de Causis
Morborum Hydropicorum). In the same year he settled
in his native town, but in a short time removed to
Sunderland, where he continued for some years. In
January 1811 he was elected physician to the Sunder-
land dispensary.
Dr. Armstrong was already favourably known by his
contributions to the Edinburgh Medical and Surgical
Journal, when in 1814 he published his " Facts and
Observations relative to the Fever commonly called
Puerperal," and two years later his *' Practical Illus-
trations of Typhus and other Febrile Diseases." 8vo.
Lond. 1816. These works established his reputation
as a keen observer and energetic practitioner. The
work on typhus fever, we are told by one authority,
'' abounded in judicious reflections, refined distinc-
tions and practical illustrations of the highest import-
ance."! With a full reliance on his own powers and
ambitious of a wider scope for their exercise than
Sunderland presented, Dr. Armstrong determined to
* British and Foreign Medical Review, vol. i, p. 611.
t Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, vol. xiii, p. 108.
1820] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 217
try his fortune in the metropolis. In October, 1817,
he resigned his office at the Sunderlaad dispensary, and
in the early part of 1818 settled in London. A short
time after his arrival in town he published his " Prac-
tical Illustrations of the Scarlet Fever, Measles, Pul-
monary Consumption and Chronic Diseases, with re-
marks on Sulphureous Waters." 8vo. Lond. 1818.
The work was noticed, and generally with approval,
in various reviews, and had the effect of drawing
attention to the author, and to the fact that he was
resident in town. In 1819 Dr. Armstrong was ap-
pointed physician to the London Fever hospital. His
progress from this time was uninterrupted, and ere
long he was in the enjoyment of a considerable profes-
sional income.
Dr. Armstrong was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 26th June, 1820, and the follow-
ing year began lecturing on the principles and practice
of medicine at Mr. Grainger's school in Webb-street.
He soon attracted a large class, numbering at one
period about one hundred and fifty hearers. For a
short time he lectured also on the Materia Medica. In
1824 Dr. Armstrong resigned his office at the Fever
hospital and devoted himself wholly to his business,
which was steadily increasing, and to teaching. In
1826 he joined with Mr. Bennett in forming a school
of medicine in Little Dean- street, and undertook the
lectures on medicine, continuing to deliver his course
on the same subject at Webb -street. These calls on
his strength were more than he could bear; and in
1828 his health gave way, symptoms of pulmonary con-
sumption declared themselves, and he died at his house
in Eussell-square 12th December, 1829, aged forty-five.
He was buried in the church of St. George's, Bloomsbury.
Of Dr. Armstrong s merits as a physician it is diffi-
cult to form a just estimate. He came as a meteor on
the medical horizon of London, dazzled for a time, and
disappeared, leaving little of mark behind him. His
character was an enigma, and his success in town a sur-
218 EOLL OF THE [1820
prise to the more soher-minded of his contemporaries.
The space at my disposal will*not allow me to go into
this subject, and it is the less necessary as it has been
fully and ably discussed in the British and Foreign
Medical Review,'"' to which I would refer those of my
readers who desire fuller particulars (and they are in-
structive) of a physician regarding whose real character
and objects opinions varied so widely as did those of
his contemporaries concerning Dr. Armstrong.
" In person," writes his friend and biographer, Dr.
Boott, " Dr. Armstrong was tall and thin. His man-
ners were gentle and unpresuming, almost diffident in
the presence of strangers, exclusively domestic and re-
tired from the world, when the calls of duty did not
require his intercourse with it. His nature was candid,
confiding, unsuspicious, his sensibilities lively and
acute ; his tastes discriminating and refined. There
was a simplicity and innocence of mind and disposition
which endeared him to all who knew him intimately,
and which won for him especially the confidence and
attachment of the young."
In addition to the works above mentioned. Dr. Arm-
strong was the author of —
An Address to the Members of the Royal College of Surgeons on
the injurious conduct and defective state of that Corporation with
reference to professional rights, medical science, and the public
health. 8vo. liond. 1825.
The Morbid Anatomy of the Stomach. Bowels, and Liver ; illus-
trated by a series of plates with explanatory letter-press, and a
summary of the symptoms of the acute and chronic affections of
the above named organs. 4to. Lond. 1828.
Lectures on the Morbid Anatomy, Nature, and Treatment of
Acute and Chronic Diseases. Edited by Joseph Rix. 8vo. Lond.
1834.
James Copland, M.D. This indefatigable and volu-
minous writer was born in the Orkneys in November,
1791. At nine years of age he was placed at a school
at Lerwick, kept by the clergyman of that town. There
he continued until he was fourteen, when he was re
* Yol. i, p. 34 et seq.
1820] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 219
moved to an adjoining clergyman, with whom he re-
mained two years. At tKe age of sixteen he commenced
his studies at Edinburgh. He was then intended for
the church, and, with this view, entered to the various
classes, classical, mathematical, and philosophical, of the
university, attending in the course of the four years he
devoted to these general studies the lectures, and se-
curing the friendship of Dunbar, Ritchie, Leslie, Playfair,
Dugald Stewart, Jamieson, Hope, Niell, and Fleming.
In the vacations he acted as assistant or usher in a
school. In 1811 he diverted from divinity to physic,
and in November of that year commenced attendance
on the medical classes at Edinburgh. He graduated
doctor of medicine there 1st August, 1815 (D.M.I,
de Eheumatismo). Dr. Copland then came to London,
and having availed himself of the best practical instruc-
tion to be there found, passed over to Paris and Ger-
many, visited the chief hospitals, and then returned to
England. Tired of an inactive life in London, and
anxious to enter on some enterprise, but possessing in-
adequate means and interest, having lived for some
months in the metropolis without employment, without
friends, and with very few acquaintances, he was offered
and accepted a medical appointment to the settlements
on the Gold Coast belonging to the then African Com-
pany. He visited in succession Goree, the Senegal and
Gambia, Sierra Leone, Cape Coast Castle, and the Bight
of Benin, and after a hazardous and tempestuous voy-
age arrived in England early in 1818. In 1820 he
became a candidate for practice. He then commenced
that literary career which was the main characteristic
of his life. To the Quarterly Journal of Foreign Medi-
cine he contributed some exhaustive essays on fever,
and on the medical topography of the West Coast of
Africa. In 1822 Dr. Copland became the editor of the
London Medical Repository, and in the five years that
he retained that office contributed to its pages a vast
number of papers on a great variety of subjects. In
1825 he projected an " Encyclopsediac Dictionary of the
220 TwOLL OF THE [1820
Medical Sciences," and drew up a prospectus of th e
undertaking. In this he was to have been assisted by
Dr. Dunglison, afterwards of the United States, and
Dr. Gordon Smith, and the prehminaries were agreed
upon with the publishers, when a panic in mercantile
affairs occurred and caused them to rehnquish it. In
1 828, still intent on the same idea, he drew up and dist ri-
buted among his friends a full and detailed prospect us of
a "Dictionary of the Medical Sciences," which Messrs.
Baldwin and Cradock agreed with him to publish.
Whilst he was engaged in making his arrangements for
it, and procuring contributors, his intentions were frus-
trated by the publishers refusing to proceed with the
undertaking. He soon found that the " Cyclopaedia of
Practical Medicine," under the editorship of Drs. Forbes,
. Tweedie, and Conolly, had usurped the place of his dic-
tionary, and was about to be commenced. It was, there-
fore, with no small pleasure that he undertook the offer
made to him by Messrs. Longman and Co. at the end of
1830 to write a dictionary of practical medicine, and
single-handed to contest the field with the numerous
editors and contributors to the Cyclopaedia of Practical
Medicine. The first part appeared in September, 1832,
with the title "A Dictionary of Practical Medicine. Com-
prising General Pathology, the Nature and Treatment
of Diseases, Morbid Structures and the Disorders espe-
cially incidental to Climates, to the Sex, and to the
different Epochs of Life. With numerous Prescriptions
for the Medicines recommended ; a Classification of
Diseases according to Pathological Principles ; a copious
Bibliography, with References, and an Appendix of
approved Formulae. The whole forming a Library of
Pathology and Practical Medicine, and a Digest of
Medical Literature." It took more than a quarter of a
century for its completion, and the last part appeared
in 1858.
Considered as the production of one man, this work
is one of the most extraordinary that has ever appeared
for its size, comprehensiveness, accuracy and learning,
1820] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 221
and al though necessarily inferior in certain respects from,
its very plan to some works of a like kind, the composi-
tion of a large body of writers associated for the pnr-
pose, it is superior to these in the general unity of the
principles and practice laid down in it, and assuredly
excels them all in depth and variety of research. The
information amassed in these volumes is literally enor-
mous, and must excite astonishment as the production
of one individual — but when it is further considered
that the whole of the materials were most carefully se-
lected from all existing sources, most patiently digested,
elaborated, and arranged into compact and simple forms
easily accessible and readily available, it is not easy to
point out in the whole of medical literature any work
by a single hand so much calculated to excite admiration
of the industry and talents of the author. In every
article contained in the volumes the reader cannot fail
to be struck with the writer's most extensive learning
which has enabled him to collect knowledge from all
authorities, ancient and modern, foreign and domestic,
and he will at the same time be no less surprised than
gratified at the singular power which has arranged the
whole so lucidly, and in such systematic order. Thirty
years of Dr. Copland's life were devoted to the Diction-
ary. He laboured on it alone and unassisted. His la-
bours, which he tells us were incessant for many years,
were persisted in under circumstances and contingencies
which few could have endured. He received no assist-
ance in furtherance of his undertaking, nor, as he adds,
with his knowledge of human nature, would he have
accepted any.
The size and price of the Dictionary placed it beyond
the reach of many, and in 1866 Dr. Copland, assisted
by his nephew Mr. James C. Copland, brought out an
abridged edition of it "throughout brought down to
the present state of medical science " in one thick
volume, octavo, pp. 1538.
Dr. Copland was held in high esteem by his colleagues
in the College of Physicians. He had been admitted a
222 ROLL OF THE [1820
Licentiate of the College 2Gth June, 1820, and a Fellow
Srd July, 1837. He was Censor in 1841, 1842, and
1861; Gulstonian lecturer in 1838; Croonian lecturer
in 1844, 1845, 1846 ; Lumleian lecturer in 1854 and
1855 ; Harveian orator 1857, and was Consiliarius in
1844, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1861, 1862, 1863. Shortly
before his death he retired to Kilburn, where he died
on the 12th July, 1870, aged seventy-eight.
To Dr. Copland's pen we owe, in addition to his opus
magnum, the Dictionary and its Abridgment :
Richerand's Elements of Physiology, translated by G. J. M. De
Lys, M.D., with copious notes by James Copland, M.D. 8vo. Lond.
1824.
Pestilential Cholera : its Nature, Prevention, and Curative Treat-
ment. 12mo. Lond. 1832.
On the Causes, Nature, and Treatment of Palsy and Apoplexy.
12mo. Lond. 1850.
The Forms, Complications, Causes, Prevention, and Treatment of
Consumption and Bronchitis, comprising also the causes and pre-
vention of Scrofula. 8vo. Lond. 1861.
Charles Mogg, M.D., a doctor of medicine of St.
Andrew's of 1820, was admitted an Extra- Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 3rd August, 1820. He
practised at Bath, but died at Weymouth in the early
part of 1830.
Sir James Clark, Bart., M.D., was the eldest son
of Mr. David Clark of Findlater, co. Banff, by his wife
Isabella, daughter of Mr. John Scott of Glassaugh, and
was born 14th December, 1788. He received his early
education at a school at Fordyce, and then at the col-
lege of Aberdeen, where he took a degree in arts. He
was at first intended for the law, but, preferring medi-
cine, devoted himself to its study, went to Edinburgh,
and in 1809 became a member of the college of sur-
geons there. He then entered the medical service of
the navy. He served at Haslar hospital till July, 1810,
when he was appointed assistant-surgeon to the
*' Thistle," then going with despatches to New York.
The " Thistle " was wrecked on the coast of New Jer-
1820] ROYAL COLLEGE OF THYSICIANS. 223
sey, and the survivors lost everj^-tliing they possessed
and suffered great privations. Eeturning to England,
he was promoted to the rank of surgeon, and served as
such successively in the "Collobree," the "Chesapeake,"
and finally in the " Maidstone." In 1815, the " Maid-
stone " was paid off and her surgeon placed on half-pay,
when he returned to Edinburgh to continue his studies,
and there graduated doctor of medicine 1st August,
1 8 1 7 (D.M. I. de Frigoris effectibus). In 1 8 1 8 Dr. Clark
accompanied a gentleman far advanced in consumption
to the south of France, visiting Marseilles, Hyeres,
Nice, and Florence during the winter and spring, and
Lausanne in the summer. It was in the course of this
tour that Dr. Clark's attention was specially drawn to
the effects of climate on consumption, and that he com-
menced collecting meteorological and other data with
the view of studying their influence on that and other
diseases. In 1819 Dr. Clark settled in Rome where he
remained some years with steadily increasing reputa-
tion and pecuniary success. At that time Rome was
the resort of many of the highest of the English aris-
tocracy, and among these Dr. Clark made, not merely
professional connexions, but many warm friends ; and
to their influence and exertions in his behalf he was
much indebted when he settled in London. Among
the distinguished personages to whom Dr. Clark be-
came known in Rome was Prince Leopold, afterwards
king of the Belgians, one of the wisest men in Europe
and most discriminating in his judgment of character.
An accidental meeting with that prince at Carlsbad
proved to be of the greatest consequence to Dr. Clark.
The prince found him examining the waters, and learnt
that he had visited all the spas of Germany, France,
and Italy. As English physicians at that time knew
but little of the German baths, the prince was struck
with the desire to learn their uses, and, on his return
to England, appointed Dr. Clark his physician.
Dr. Clark settled in London in 1826. He had on
the 17th August, 1820, during a visit to London from
224 KOLL OF THE [1820
Rome been admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians ; and on the 26th June, 1826, he
was admitted a Licentiate. His progress for the first
few years ii:i London was slow but steady. Li 1822,
while still resident in Rome, he had pubhshed *' Medi-
cal Notes on Climate, Diseases, Hospitals, and Medical
Schools in France, Italy, and Switzerland, comprising
an Inquiry into the effects of a residence in the South
of Europe in cases of Pulmonary Consumption." 8vo.
Lond. : and in 182.9, appeared his best and most im-
portant work — " The Influence of Climate in the Pre-
vention and Cure of Chronic Diseases, more particularly
of the Chest and Digestive Organs." 8vo. Lond. This
work, which is characterised by strong good sense and
sound judgment, established Dr. Clark's reputation in
London and with the members of his own profession.
In it, for the first time in this country, he systematised
and popularised, as well to the medical profession as to
the public, all that was really known upon the subject,
and he gave a corrector view of the powers of climate and
of mineral waters in the treatment of disease than had
hitherto existed in our language. The circumstances of
Dr. Clark's early career, — in the navy, in Canada, North
America^ and the West Indies, then as resident physi-
cian for several years in Pome, and subsequently his
visits to all the more important continental spas which
he studied practically at their sources, had impressed
upon his mind the vast importance of these means in
the treatment of disease. He employed them largely
and successfully in his practice, and his classical work
on this subject remains to this day unrivalled. Al-
though sparing in the administration of drugs in his
treatment of disease, Sir James Clark was a neat, one
might almost say an elegant prescriber. He had thought
it not beneath his notice or his dignity to study the art
of prescribing practically, and by repeated trials, and
hiB prescriptions compared favourably with those of
most of his contemporaries. The subordinate ingre-
dients were well selected, and they were used in the
1820] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 225
precise proportions calculated to render the whole com-
bination as little distasteful to the palate as it could
well be made. The credit he had obtained by his work
on Climate was fully maintained by his " Treatise on
Pulmonary Consumption comprehending an Inquiry
into the Causes, Nature, Prevention, and Treatment of
Tuberculous and Scrofulous Diseases in general." 8vo.
Lond. 1835. His position in London was by this time
assured. On the death of Dr. Maton, in 1835, he was, on
the recommendation of the king of the Belgians ap-
pointed by the duchess of Kent her physician in ordi-
nary ; an office which involved the medical care of the
then Princess Victoria. His medical charge of the
princess, on whom the eyes of the nation were fixed
with more than ordinary anxiety, necessarily attracted
attention to himself, and led to a large increase of his
business and reputation. These were further augmeut-
ed on the accession of the Queen in 1837, by Dr. Clark's
appointment as first physician to her Majesty, and by
his creation as a baronet in October, 1837.
When at the full tide of his prosperity and success,
the sad case of Lady Flora Hastings occurred to mar
his prospects and destroy his peace of mind. It was
assumed by the public at the time that Sir James
Clark had for a moment given support to a slander
against that lady's character by sharing suspicions
which his medical knowledge should have dissipated.
The exact facts will probably never be known, but it is
certain that Sir James Clark gave advice, which, if fol-
lowed, would have dissipated the cloud which for a time
had rested on the honour of this lady. As it was Sir
James Clark bore the blame which should have fallen
on others and suffered acutely a reproach which, had he
deemed it right, he could, it is said, have removed by a
word. The strong common sense and honesty of the
duke of Wellington were at this time a great support
to him. The effect upon his practice was immediate ;
it was years before it passed off, and was never wholly
obliterated ; but he outlived it, and long before his
VOL. II [. Q
226 ROLL OF THE [1820
death it was generally understood that he had been
hardly used and wrongly blamed.
With this exception, Sir James Clark's career was
most prosperous. On the queen's marriage he was ap-
pointed physician to prince Albert, by whom he was
highly esteemed. " He gradually became most unwit-
tingly a power in the State. Always about the Court,
high in the favour of the sovereign, and known to be
.greatly esteemed by the prince consort, he became the
person to whom statesmen constantly referred for ad-
vice connected with medical matters and polity. He
was always ready with advice, with suggestion, and
wise, carefully-considered counsel. To him the medical
section of the University of London owes its shape and
much of its usefulness, and to him the College of Chem-
istry chiefly owes existence, and many other institu-
tions much of their support."'''' In 1860 Sir James
Clark, then seventy-two years of age, began to with-
draw from the active duties of his profession and gradu-
ally to hand over his Court duties to a successor. He
then withdrew to Bagshot-park, which the queen had
lent him for his life, and died there on the 29th June,
1870, aged eighty-one years. By his wife Barbara,
daughter of the Rev, John Stephen, LL.D., who died
in 1862, he left a son.
Sir James Clark was the author (in addition to the
works mentioned above) of —
Lettera al Prof. Tommasini intorno alle sue Osservationi sulla
Scuola Medico-clinica di Edinburgo. 8vo. Roma. 1822.
Remarks on Medical Reform. In two letters. 8vo. Lond. 1842.
Memoir of John Conolly, M.D., comprising a Sketch of the Treat-
ment of the Insane in Europe and America. 8vo. Lond. 1869.
William King, M.D., was born in Suffolk, and edu-
cated at Peter house, Cambridge, of which he was a
fellow. He proceeded A.B. 1809, A.M. 1812, and on
* Lancet of 9th July, 1870, to the excellent biographical notice
in which, and to that in the proceedings of the Royal Society of
London, vol. xix, p. 13, et seq.y I am indebted for much in the above
sketch.
1820] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 227
the 11th June, 1817, had a licence ad practicandum
from his university. He was admitted an Inceptor-
Candidate of the College of Physicians 22 nd December,
1817, commenced M.D. at Cambridge in 1819, was
admitted a Candidate of the College 30th September,
1819, and a Fellow 30th September, 1820. Rede-
livered the Harveian Oration in 1843. In 1823 Dr.
King settled at Brighton, where he died 19th October,
1865, aged eighty.
Alexander Philip Wilson Philip, M.D., was born
in Scotland, and educated at Edinburgh, where he
graduated doctor of medicine 25th June, 1792 (D.M.I.
de Dyspepsia). He was admitted a Fellow of the Col-
lege of Physicians of Edinburgh 3rd February, 1795,
and practised for some years in that city, but about
the commencement of the present century settled at
Worcester, where he obtained a large and lucrative
business. In 1802 he was elected physician to the
Worcester General infirmary, which office he resigned
in 1817, shortly after which he removed to London.
He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 22nd December, 1820, a Fellow 25th June, 1834,
and was Gulstonian lecturer in 1835. Dr. Wilson
Philip made a reputation as a physiologist by his original
experiments and investigations ; and as a practitioner
was much sought after by sufferers with indigestion,
from the credit of his book on that disease, one de-
servedly popular in its day, which ran to six editions,
contained the best and completest account of the
malady which had then appeared, and will bear com-
parison with all that have since been published. In
1842 or 1843 Dr. Wilson Philip suddenly disappeared
from London, and I fail to trace his future history or
the date of his death. His investments were said to
have been injudicious, and the scheme in which he had
placed all his accumulations, and they were large, fell
to the ground, and he had to fly the country to escape
a prison. He went to Boulogne, and is thought to
Q 2
228 ROLL OF THE [1820
have died there. His name disappears from the Col-
lege list of 1851. His name, orighially Wilson, he had
changed to Wilson Phihp before he settled in London.
Dr. Wilson Philip was a very prolific writer, and I am
not sure that the following list comprises all his pub-
lished works : —
An Inquiry into the Remote Causes of Urinary GraveL 8vo.
Edinb. 1792.
An Experimental Essay on the Manner in whicli Opium acts on
the Living Animal Body. 8vo. Edinb. 1795.
A Treatise on Febrile Diseases. 4 vols. 8vo. "Worcester.
Observations on the Use and Abuse of Mercury. 8vo. Worcester,
1805.
An Analysis of the Malvern Waters. 8vo. Worcester, 1805.
An Essay on the ^N'ature of Fever. 8vo. Worcester, 1807.
Experimental Inquiry into the Laws of the Vital Functions, with
Observations on Internal Diseases. 8vo. Lond. 1817.
A Treatise on Indigestion and its Consequences, called Nervous
and Bilious Complaints. 8vo. Lond. 1821.
A Treatise on the Nature and Cure of Diseases, either Acute or
Chronic, which precede Change of Structure. 8vo. Lond. 1830.
A Treatise on Protracted Indigestion and its Consequences. 8vo.
Lond. 1842.
Observations on the Malignant Cholera. 8vo. Lond. 1832.
On the Influence of Minute Doses of Mercury. 12mo. Lond.
1834.
Inquiry into the Nature of Sleep and Death. 8vo. Lond. 1834.
A Treatise on Affections of the Brain. 12mo. Lond.
A Treatise on the Means of Preserving Health. 8vo. Lond.
William Rhodes Bernard, M.D., was born in
Jamaica, and graduated doctor of medicine at Edin-
burgh 1st August, 1817 (D.M.I, de Galore Animalium).
He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians 22nd December, 1820. He died at Cheltenham
27th January, 1868, aged seventy-six.
John James Furnivall, M.D. — A native of Lon-
don, and a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 1818
(D.M.I, de Phthisi Pulmonali), was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 22nd December,
1820. He was the author of
The Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Diseases of the
1820] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 229
Heart and of Aneurism, with Observations on Rhenmatism. 8vo.
Lond. 1845.
EoBERT Masters Kerrison, M.D., was born in Lon-
don, and educated for a surgeon apothecary, in which
capacity he practised for many years in London, and
realized a competency. Withdrawing from that depart-
ment of practice, he went to Edinburgh, where he gra-
duated doctor of medicine 1st August, 1820 (D.M.I. de
Neuralgia Faciei Spasmodica). He was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 22nd December,
1820, and died at his house in Upper Brook-street,
27th April, 1847, aged seventy-one. Dr. Kerrison was
the author of
An Inqniry into the Present State of the Medical Profession in
England. 8vo. Lond. 1814.
Observations on a Bill for Better Regulating the Medical Pro-
fession as far as regards Apothecaries. 8vo. Lond. 1815.
A Letter on the Supply of Water to the Metropolis. 8vo. Lond.
1828.
The Elements of Physiology, translated from the French of
Richerand ; containing an Explanation of the Functions of the
Human Body, in which the Modern Improvements in Chemistry,
Galvanism, and other Sciences are applied to explain the Action of
the Animal Economy. 8vo. Lond. 1803.
John Gogtll Leath, M.D., was born in Norfolk,
and graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh 1st
August, 1820 (D.M.I, de Phthisi, Cseloque Phthisi
idoneo). He was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians 22nd December, 1820. Dr. Leath was in
the army, and died in October, 1859, aged eighty-two.'"'
AuGUSTiN Sayer, M.D., was born at Bexley, in
Kent. When a boy twelve years of age, and travelling
with his family in France, he was with them made a
prisoner of war, after the short peace of 1802, but was
soon permitted to go at large within a certain range,
and at this early age is said to have supported himself
* Proc. of Med. Chir. Soc, iii, p. 194.
230 KOLL OF THE [l820
as a tutor in a French school. His captivity lasted
several years. Of his medical education I can recover
no particulars, but that he had been engaged in its
acquisition for seven years, when on the 31st January,
1815, he was entered on the physic line at Leyden,
where four days later, viz., on the 4th February, 1815,
he graduated doctor of medicine (D.M.I, de Liene).
He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 22nd December, 1820, and a Fellow 11th July,
1843. He was for many years physician to the Lock
hospital, and throughout his professional life an earnest
advocate of sanitary reform, and for many years a con-
spicuous member of the Marylebone Eepresentative
Council. He died at his residence in Upper Seymour-
street, Portman-square, 15th November, 1861, aged
seventy-one.* Dr. Sayer was the author of —
An Inquiry to ascertain the Maximum Limit of the Annual Taxa-
tion required from the Sewers Ratepayers. 8vo. Lond. 1855.
Metropohtan and Town Sewage, its Nature, Value, and Disposal,
with Sketches of the Metropolitan Water Supply, and of the Legis-
• lation on Sewers. 8vo. Lond. 1857.
John Garthshore Thomson, M.D., was born in the
East Indies. After keeping some terms at St. John's
college, Cambridge, which he left without taking any
degree, he proceeded to Edinburgh, where he graduated
doctor of medicine 2nd August, 1819 (D.M.T. de Scarla-
tina Anginosa). He was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians, 22nd December, 1820. He was
unsuccessful in life, and ultimately fell into distress.
Oppressed by infirmity, poverty, and sore domestic trials,
a subscription was made for him in 1859, but he did not
long survive.
AsHBY Smith, M.D., was born in London, and gradu-
ated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh 1st August, 1820
(D.M.I, de Lepra). He was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 22nd December, 1820, and
* Proc. Med. Chir. Soc, iv, p. 81.
1821] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 231
died at his house in Bloonisbury-square in November,
1831. He collected the scattered writings of his rela-
tive, Dr. Willan, and published them under the title
of—
Miscellaneous Works of the late Robert Willan, M.D., F.R.S.,
F.A.S., comprising an Inquiry into the Antiquity of the Small Pox,
Measles and Scarlet Fever, now first published. Reports on the
Diseases of London ; and Detached Papers on Medical Subjects.
Edited by Ashby Smith, M.D. 8vo. Lond. 1821.
John Yetch, M.D., was born in the East Lothian s,
and studied at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor
of medicine 12th September, 1804 (D.M.I. de Partibus
Irritabilitate prseditis). He entered the army, and served
for several years. On his return to England he settled
in London, and on the 16th April, 1821, was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians. Dr. Vetch
died in Charterhouse-square 28th April, 1835, aged
fifty-two. He was the author of—
An Account of the Ophthalmia which has appeared in England
since the Return of the British Army from Egypt. 8vo. Lond.
1807.
Observations relative to the Treatment by Sir William Adams of
the Ophthalmic Cases of the Army. 8vo. Lond. 1818.
A Letter to the Right Honourable Lord Palmerston on the sub-
ject of the Ophthalmic Institution for the Cure of Chelsea Pen-
sioners. 4to. Lond. 1819.
A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of the Eye. 8vo. Lond.
1820.
Sir Egbert Alexander Chermside, M.D., was the
third son of Dr. Chermside, of Portaferry, co. Down,
and was bred a surgeon. In 1810 he entered the
medical service of the array as assistant surgeon to the
7th Hussars. He served in Spain, France, and Flanders,
and was present at the battle of Waterloo, immediately
after which he was promoted to the surgeoncy of the
10 th Hussars. He graduated doctor of medicine at
Edinburgh in 1817 (D.M.I, de Aqua frigida), and was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 16th
April, 1821 ; shortly after which he settled in Paris
232
ROLL OF THE [1821
where he was held in high esteem, was generally con-
sulted by the English residents in that city, and was
physician to the British embassy. He also held the ap-
pointment of physician extraordinary to the duchess of
Kent. In recognition of his war services he was, on the
31st July, 1835, created a knight commander of the
Guelphic Hanoverian Order ; he was also a knight of
St. John of Jerusalem ; a knight of the Ked Eagle of
Prussia (conferred for services to the Prussian troops in
the campaign of 1815), and a knight of the Legion of
Honour of France. 8ir Robert Chermside was admitted
a Fellow of the College of Physicians 27th April, 1843,
and he died at Oxford 8th September, 1860.
Henry Ronalds, M.D., was born in Middlesex, and
studied at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of
medicine 24th June, 1814 (D.M.I. de Yentriculo). He
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians,
16th April, 1821. He died at Coventiy, 10th July,
1847, aged fifty-nine.
James Alexander Gordon, M.D., was born in
Middlesex, and received his medical education at Edin-
burgh, under the auspices and guidance of Dr. John
Abercrombie, with whom he resided as a house pupil.
He graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh, 24th
June, 1814 (D.M.I, de Arsenico). He then made a
lengthened tour on the continent, and studied for one
session at Gottingen. Returning to England in 1818,
with a good knowledge of the French and German lan-
guages, he, with the view of making the researches and
labours of continental writers better known, established
and edited "The Quarterly Journal of Foreign Medicine
and Surgery," in the conduct of which he was associated
with Dr. Mackenzie, of Glasgow. Dr. Gordon made
many contributions to this journal, and wrote a series
of articles on German medical literature for the Medical
Repository. He was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 16th April, 1821, a Fellow 9th July,
1821] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 233
1836, and was Censor in 1838. Dr. Gordon was elected
assistant physician to the London hospital 18th July,
1827, and physician 18th November, 1828. He re-
signed his office there in December, 1844, and about
1846 retired from active professional life, and withdrew
to an estate he had purchased at Dorking, where lie
died 18th April, 1872, aged seventy-eight.
John Webster, M.D., was born at Inverarity, in
Angusshire, and was the eldest son of the Rev. John
Webster, the minister of that place, from whom he
received his preparatory education. After an appren-
ticeship of three years to Mr. Adam, of Forfar, he was
sent to the university of Edinburgh, where he remained
four winter sessions. He was admitted a member of
the Edinburgh College of Surgeons, and then visited
London, and attended the lectures in Windmill-street,
and the practice of St. George's hospital. After one
year spent at Paris, and the like in Italy, mostly at
Pavia, h^ proceeded to Berlin, where he graduated
doctor of medicine 25th March, 1820 (D.M.L de Aere
per Italiam insalubri deque Febre inde oriunda Romse
endemica). Returning to England, Dr. Webster settled
in London, was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 16th April, 1821, a Fellow 11th July, 1843;
he was Consiliarius in 1851, 1852, 1853, and Censor in
1852. Dr. Webster devoted much time and labour to
the examination of lunatic asylums, prisons, and medical
institutions at home and abroad. In pursuit of these
objects he travelled nearly a hundred thousand miles,
and visited every capital in Europe. The results of his
investigations he gave to the public in various periodi-
cal publications, general and medical. Dr. Webster
eventually retired to St. Andrew's, N.B., and died
there 21st July, 1876, aged eighty-two. He was the
author of —
An Essay on the Epidemic Cholera. 12ino. Lond. 1832.
Observations on the Admission of Medical Pupils to Bethlem
Hospital for Studying Mental Diseases. 3rd edition. 8vo. Lond. 1842.
234 KOLL OF THE [1821
James Muttlebury, M.D., was a doctor of medicine
of St. Andrews, of the 21st April, 1810, and a Fellow
of the College of Physicians of Edinburgh of 7th August,
1810. He was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the
College of Physicians of London 1st June, 1821, and
settling at Bath, was elected physician to the Bath
General hospital in 1822, and to the United hospital
of that city in 1826. He died in 1831 or 1832.
Charles Lewis Meryon, M.D., was descended from
a Huguenot family of his name, long settled at Bye, in
Sussex. He was born in that town, and educated at
Merchant Taylors' school, from whence he went to St.
John s college, Oxford, and as a member of that house
proceeded A.B. 26th November, 1806, A.M. 18th De-
cember, 1809. He accumulated his degrees in physic,
and proceeded M.D. 28th November, 1817. Dr. Meryon
was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians
26th June, 1820, and a Fellow 25th June, 1821. He
studied medicine in London, and chiefly at St. Thomas's
hospital, where he was a pupil of Mr. Henry Cline,
through whose recommendation he was engaged to
attend Lady Hester Stanhope, in the capacity of medi-
cal at'tendant on a voyage to Sicily and the East. He
embarked with Lady Hester in the early part of 1810,
and after many wanderings in the course of seven years
passed uninterruptedly in her service, and having seen
her finally settled on Mount Lebanon, he returned to
England in 1817, for the purpose of taking his medical
degrees at Oxford. At the end of a year or two Dr.
Meryon, at Lady Hester Stanhope's request, again
visited Syria, but at her own suggestion again bade
her adieu, as he then believed for the last time. He
then engaged himself as domestic physician to Sir Gil-
bert Heathcote, but in 1827 resumed his place in Lady
Hester's establishment on Mount Lebanon. There he
continued until August, 1838, when he finally left, and
never again saw the extraordinary woman in whose ser-
vice he had passed the best years of his life. Dr. Meryon
1821] HOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 235
died lltli September, 1877, aged ninety-six. He was
the author of —
Memoirs of the Lady Hester Stanhope, as related by herself in
Conversations with her Physician, comprising her opinions, and
anecdotes of some of the most remarkable persons of her time.
3 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1846.
Travels of Lady Hester Stanhope, forming the completion of her
Memoirs. Narrated by her PhysiciaD. 3 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1846.
Thomas Southwood Smith, M.D., was born on the
21st December, 1788, at Martock, in Somersetshire,
and was educated for a dissenting minister, in which
capacity he passed a few years in his native county ;
but then applying himself to medicine, proceeded to
Edinburgh, and in the intervals of his college studies
wrote his " Divine Government," which appeared in
1814, and at once brought him into notice and esta-
blished his reputation as an original and eloquent
writer. **' In it there is nothing sectarian — the style is
singularly lucid, its tone earnest, rising frequently into
strains of touching and pathetic eloquence. Byron,
Moore, and Wordsworth have each referred to this
book in words of praise ; it was always on Crabbe's
table ; and it has carried balm to many a wounded
heart and faith to many a doubting soul." Its argu-
ment is that pain is a corrective process, and that the
whole human race will be finally saved. He graduated
doctor of medicine at Edinburgh 1st August, 1816
(D.M.I, de Mente Morbis Isesa), and then spent a few
years in the practice of his profession at a provincial
town in the West of England, near the place of his
birth.
Settling in London, he was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 25th June, 1821, and a Fel-
low 9th July, 1847. He was appointed physician to
the Fever hospital in 1824. From the commencement
of his medical life. Dr. Smith had realised the fact
that prevention of disease is easier and more important
than its cure, and he applied himself specially to the
236 ROLL or/ THE [1821
improvement of sanitary medicine, of which most im-
portant science he was o^e of the earliest and most
intelligent pioneers in thi^ country. In 1839 he aided
in the formation of the Health of Towns Association,
and in 1842 took a^x -active part in founding the Metro-
poHtan Asso(;i,^tion for improving the DweUings of the
IndustripJi tJlasses. His reports on the Physical Causes
of^ckness and Mortality 1838-9; on Sanitary Improve-
inent, 1838, 1846, 1849, 1850, 1851 ; on Quarantine,
1845; on Epidemic Cholera, 1850 ; on Yellow Fever,
1852, and on the results of Sanitary Improvement,
1854, are most valuable and instructive. It has indeed
fallen to the lot of few to accomplish such extensive
services for the pubhc benefit as were rendered by Dr.
Southwood Smith. He was the chief originator of the
science of preventive medicine as systematically ap-
plied in this country, and he wonderfully succeeded by
the clearness and force of his writings in popularising
and making familiar the great principles of national
health. Dr. Southwood Smith's efforts in this direc-
tion were at length rewarded by his appointment as a
member of the General Board of Health, and by the
grant of a moderate pension on his retirement. He
died at Florence 10th December, 1861, aged seventy-
three, after a six days' illness of bronchitis, and was
buried in the Protestant cemetery of that city.
Dr. Southwood Smith was the physician and inti-
mate friend of Jeremy Bentham, who, with a view to
the removal of prejudices then existing, gave his own
body to Dr. Smith for dissection, charging him to
devote it to the ordinary purposes of science. Dr. Smith
faithfully discharged the office imposed upon him ; and
in the old theatre of the Webb-street school of medicine
on the 9th June, 1832, with thunder pealing over
head and lightning flashing through the gloom, he de-
livered the first lecture over the body of Bentham,
*' with a clear unfaltering voice, but with a face as
white as that of the dead philosopher before him."
Dr. Smith availed himself of the occasion to give a
1821]
ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 237
view of the fundamental principles of Bentham's philo-
sophy and an account of his last moments. Most of
the particular friends and disciples of the deceased,
and among them lord Brougham, James Mill, and
Grote were present on the occasion, and his biographer
has made this lecture the concluding part of the Memoir
prefixed to the edition of Bentham's works. After the
usual anatomical demonstrations on the body, a skele-
ton was made of the bones, and a mask in wax of the
face, and to these were adapted Bentham's own clothes.
The figure thus prepared and placed in the identical
chair on which he usually sat, was enclosed in a maho-
gany case with glass doors, and was long a somewhat
startling occupant of Dr. Southwood Smith's consulting
room. It now reposes in a back room in University
college. '''"■
* The following extract from a letter of Dr. Southwood Smith's
to me dated 14th June, 1857, contains some particulars not gene-
rally known, and seems sufficiently interesting to warrant its inser-
tion here : " Jeremy Bentham left by will his body to me for dis-
section. I was also to deliver a public lecture over his body to
medical students and the public generally. The latter was done at
the Webb-street school ; Brougham, James Mill, Grote, and many
other disciples of Bentham being present. After the usual anato-
mical demonstrations on the body, a skeleton was made of the
bones. I endeavoured to preserve the head untouched, merely
drawing away the fluids by placing it under an air pump over
sulphuric acid. By this means the head was rendered as hard as
the skulls of the New Zealanders ; but all expression was of course
gone. Seeing this would not do for exhibition, I had a model
made in wax by a distinguished French artist, taken from David's
bust, Pickersgill's picture, and my own ring. The artist succeeded
in producing one of the most admirable likenesses ever seen. I
then had the skeleton stuffed out to fit Bentham's own clothes, and
this wax likeness fitted to the trunk. This figure was placed seated
in the chair on which he usually sat ; and one hand holding the
walking stick which was his constant companion when he was out,
called by him Dapple. The whole was enclosed in a mahogany
case with folding glass doors. When I removed from Finsbury-
square I had no room large enough to hold the case. I therefore
gave it to University college, where it now is. Any one may see
it who inquires there for it, but no publicity is given to the fact
that Bentham reposes there in some back room. The authorities
seem to be afraid or ashamed to own their possession."
238 ROLL OF THE [1821
Dr. Southwood Smith assisted in the establishment
of the Westminster Eeview, and wrote an article on
Education for the first number. For many years he
was a regular contributor to its pages, and it was here
that his article on the state of the Anatomical Schools
first appeared, which attracted so much attention that
it was reprinted in the form of a pamphlet with the
title of " The Use of the Dead to the Living.'' The
articles on Physiology and Medicine in the early num-
bers of the Penny Cyclopaedia are from his pen, and
the success of his treatise on Animal Physiology, writ-
ten at the request of the Society for the Diffusion of
Useful Knowledge, suggested to him the idea of treat-
ing this subject in a more elaborate and comprehensive
manner, and led to the publication of his " Philosophy
of Health." Dr. Southwood Smith's writings, in addi-
tion to the Reports above mentioned, were as fol-
low : —
The Divine Government. 8vo. 1814.
A Treatise on Fever. Bvo. Lond. 1830.
The Philosophy of Health ; or an Exposition of the Physical and
Mental Constitution of Man : with a view to the promotion of
Human Longevity and Happiness, 2 vols. 12mo. Lond. 1835-37.
11th edition. 8vo. Lond. 1865.
Epidemics considered with relation to their Common Nature and
to Climate and Civilization. 12mo. Lond. 1856.
James Johnson, M.D., was the youngest son of an
Irish farmer, and was born in February, 1777, on the
banks of Lough Neagh, in the county of Derry. At six
years of age he was put to a school at Ballinderry kept
by the village pedagogue ; at fifteen was apprenticed to
Mr. Young, a surgeon apothecary of Port Glenone ; and
at the end of two years was transferred to Mr. Bank-
head of Belfast, where he continued for two years more,
and then came to London without either money or
friends. He became assistant to an apothecary, and by
hard study and irregular attendance on lectures in ana-
tomy and surgery, qualified himself to pass at Surgeons'
hall in 1798. In May of that year he was appointed
1821] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 239
surgeon's mate in the navy, and sailed in the Mercury
frigate to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. On the
27th February, 1800, he was appointed surgeon to the
Cynthia sloop of war, and, as such, accompanied the
expedition to Egypt, was at the siege of Belle Isle, and
at the various descents which the troops made on the
coasts of France, Spain, &c., till they reached Egypt.
There he was attacked with illness and sent to Gibraltar,
where he did duty under Mr. Vaughan, the surgeon of
the naval hospital. In 1801, as surgeon to the Driver,
he served in the North Sea, visiting the Orkney and
Shetland islands, and going with a convoy to Greenland
and Hudson's Bay. He was next appointed to the
Caroline, and was three years in India, China, and other
parts of the east. On his return to England he spent
some time in diligent study at the borough hospitals,
and in 1808 was appointed to the Valiant, in which he
remained nearly five years, and saw much active service.
In 1812 he published his first and best medical work,
" The Influence of Tropical Climates on European Con-
stitutions," and immediately after its appearance was
appointed flag surgeon with Sir William Young, then
in command of the North Sea fleet. At the peace of
1814, the duke of Clarence hoisted his flag in the
Impregnable, when Sir William Young retired, and
Mr. Johnson was so strongly recommended to the duke
that he was retained, and served with his royal high-
ness while conveying the emperor of Eussia, king of
Prussia, and other potentates to England. In 1814 he
was placed on half-pay, and settled in general practice
at Portsmouth, but in 1818 removed to London, where
he had determined to try his fortune as a physician.
He was created doctor of medicine by the university of
St. Andrew's, 3rd June, 1821, and was admitted a Li-
centiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1821.
Dr. Johnson, while yet at Portsmouth, had been one
of the editors of a medical periodical — the Medico-Chi-
rurgical Journal. On settling in London he changed
its name into the ^' Medico-Chirurgical Review," and
240 ROLL OF THE [1821
published it thenceforth as a quarterly journal. This
review was a marked success in a literary and pecuniary
point of view, and it conduced materially to the esta-
blishment of Dr. Johnson s position and practice. He
continued the editor and proprietor of the review until
October, 1844, when failing health compelled him to
resign it to the care of others.
Dr. Johnson, on the accession of William lY (under
whom, as duke of Clarence, he had served on board
the Impregnable in 1814), was appointed physician
extraordinary to the king. Dr. Johnson, whose health
had been failing for some time, died at Brighton 10th
October, 1845, in the sixty-ninth year of his age. He
was buried at Kensal-green.
'^ Dr. Johnson was rather under than above the
middle height, spare, though of an active make, with a
ruddy complexion, remarkably large and intelligent eye,
bushy eyebrows, square and copious forehead, and an
expression in which unmistakable benevolence was
shaded with a cast of care or melancholy, it was not
easy to say which. In conversation the features lost
this character completely, and assumed what you would
suppose were alone natural to them, that of unalloyed
cheerfulness. Plain in dress, though never slovenly,
simple in his manners, unaffected in everything, he
communicated the idea of being just what he was, and
of not wishing to be taken for anything else. His out-
ward was, as much as it was possible to be, an index to
his inner man. A disposition of unmitigated benevo-
lence and kindliness was cloaked in some measure by
that testiness of humour which so constantly conceals
great goodness of heart. A rough word was sure to be
succeeded by some substantial kindness, and so well was
this known that it was played on. As a practical man
he was ready and sagacious in opinion, d<3cided though
cautious in action. The larger portion of his practice
dealt, from its consulting character, in chronic cases.
In these he was remarkably successful. An objection
was often made to his prescriptions that they were
1821] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 241
complicated and unchemical. He laughed at the criti-
cism, and retained the habit, observing that he found
his prescriptions answer, and that was the main con-
sideration."'" Dr. Johnson's portrait by J. Wood was
engraved by W. Holl. The following is, I believe, a
complete list of his published works : —
The Oriental Voyager ; or Descriptive Sketches and Cursory
Remarks on a Voyage to India and China, in His Majesty's Ship
Caroline, performed in the years 1803-4-5-6, interspersed with
Extracts from the best Modern Voyages and Travels. 8vo. Lond.
1807.
The Influence of Tropical Climates on European Constitutions.
8vo. Lond. 1812. 6th edition. 1841.
The Inflaence of the Atmosphere on the Health of the Human
Frame, with Hesearches on Gout and Rheumatism. 8vo. Lond.
1828.
A Treatise on Derangements of the Liver, Digestive Organs, and
Nervous System, to which is added an Essay on the Prolongation
of Life and Conservation of Health. 8vo. Lond. 1828.
An Essay on Indigestion or Morbid Sensibility of the Stomach
and Bowels as the proximate cause or characteristic condition of
Dyspepsy, Nervous Irritability, Mental Despondency, Hypochon-
driasis, and many other ailments of Body and Mind. 8vo. Lond.
1826.
Change of Air; or the Pursuit of Health and Recreation. 8vo.
Lond. 1831.
The Recess ; or Autumnal Relaxation in the Highlands and Low-
lands. 8vo. Lond. 1833.
The Economy of Health, or the Stream of Human Life : with Re-
flections on the Septennial Phases of Human Existence. 8vo. Lond.
1836.
Pilgrimages to the Spas, with an Inquiry into the Merits of
different Mineral Waters. 8vo. Lond. 1841.
Excursions to the principal Mineral Waters of England. 8vo.
Lond. 1843.
A Tour in Ireland, with Meditations and Reflections. 8vo. Lond.
Jeremiah Gladwin Cloves, M.D., was born in
Middlesex, and educated at Brasenose college, Oxford,
as a member of which he proceeded A.B. 17th June,
1813, A.M. 24th June, 1816, M.B. 16th April, 1817,
and M.D. 27th March, 1820. He was admitted an
* Sketch of the Life, &c., of Dr. James Johnson in Medico-Chi-
rurgical Review, January, 1846, and Pettigrew's Medical Portrait
Gallery.
VOL. III. R
'24:2 KOLL OF THE. [1821
Inceptor-Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th
September, 1817, a Candidate 30th September, 1820,
and a Fellow 1st October, 1821. He was Censor in
1823. Dr. Cloves practised for a few years in London,
and then removed to Worthing, where he died 5th May,
1842, aged forty-nine.
Francis Willis, M.D., was the son of Eobert
Darling Willis, M.D., a Fellow of the College before-
mentioned. Educated at Brasenose college, Oxford,
he proceeded A.B. 15th January, 1814, A.M. 5th June,
1816, M.B. 16th April, 1817, and M.D. 27th March,
1820 ; was admitted an Inceptor-Candidate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 25th June, 1818, a Candidate 30th
September, 1820, and a Fellow 1st October, 1821. He
was Gulstonian lecturer in 1822, and Censor in 1824;
soon after which he devoted himself exclusively to the
treatment of insanity, and. became proprietor of Shilling-
thorpe house, near Stamford, co. Lincoln, where he died
after a long and painful illness, on the 29th July, 1859,
aged sixty-seven. He was the author of —
A Treatise on Mental Derangement. 8vo. Lond. 1823.
John Warburton, M.D., was born in Middlesex,
and educated at Caius college, Cambridge. He gra-
duated M.B. 1815, had a licence ad practicandum from
the university 4th December, 1818, and proceeded M.D.
1820. He was admitted an Inceptor-Candidate of the
College of Physicians 22nd December, 1818, a Candi-
date 30th September, 1820, and a Fellow 1st October,
1821. He was Censor in 1824. He was born and
nursed in competency (wrote his friend Dr. Chambers),*
and grew up and lived and died in opulence, presenting
throughout an eminent example of youth unallured by
wealth into idleness or vice, but spent in the due culti-
vation of his mind and faculties, so that, besides pos-
sessing himself of the ordinary education and accom-
* Lancet, of 14tli Marcli, 1846, p. 293.
1821] HOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 243
plishments of an English gentleman, he became a con-
siderable proficient in mathematical science, which the
high degree he took at Cambridge sufficiently testifies.
He devoted himself to the study and treatment of in-
sanity, and on the 1 9th May, 1829, was elected physician
to St. Luke's hospital. There he laboured most heartily
in his vocation, and distinguished himself not only by
exemplary kindness and attention to the patients, but
also by the most anxious solicitude for the amelioration
of the institution itself Dr. Warburton died at his
house in Park-crescent, Portland-place, 2nd June, 1845,
aged fifty-two, and was buried in Highgate cemetery.
Thomas Foster Barham, M.B., of Queen's college,
Cambridge, of 1820, was admitted an Extra-Licentia.te.
of the College of Physicians 8 th November, 1821. He
practised for some years in Exeter, and died at High-
week, CO. Devon, on the 3rd March, 1869, aged seventy-
four. We owe to his pen — ■
The Enkheiriclion of Helifaisticon concerning Metres and Poems,
translated into Englisli, and Illustrated by Notes and a Rhythmical
Notation. With Prolegomena on Rhythm and Accent. 8vo. Lond.
1843.
EoDERiCK Macleod, M.D., was born in Scotland,
and educated at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor
of medicine 1st August, 1816 (D.M.I. de Tetano). He
began his medical life in the army, but before long was
placed on half-pay, and then settled in London. He
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
22nd December, 1821, a Fellow 9th July, 1836; was
Gulstonian lecturer in 1837, and Consiharius 1839. Dr.
Macleod was elected physician to St. George's hospital
13th February, 1833, and resigned that office in conse-
quence of ill health in 1845. He died at Chanonry, Old
Aberdeen, on the 7th December, 1852. Dr. Macleod will
be long remembered as the original editor and for many
years the proprietor of the " London Medical Gazette,''
the first number of which appeared on the 8th December,
R 2
244 BOLL OF THE [1821
1827. At that time and for some years afterwards,
" the medical weekly press contained much that all
men will desire to forget. The cause of medical reform
was hotly advocated, with an indiscriminate zeal and a
personal acrimony which the best among its leaders
have long since regretted, and the best among its victims
have long since forgiven. For an editor who was called
to stem the torrent which had arisen, there was required
a combination of moral and physical courage, with pro-
fessional and literary ability, rarely to be met with in
the leading members of a profession which especially
demands the devotion of the highest talents to the
most private and unobtrusive labours. Dr. Macleod
performed the duties of an editor in those stormy days
with a success which can be justly measured only by
those who take a high view of the responsibilities of
that office. In the more peaceful time which followed,
when active conflict no longer demanded the sterner
qualities of the editorship, then the cultivated mind,
the correct taste, and the practical good sense which
distinguished Dr. Macleod were employed with untiring
energy in choosing, directing, and combining the deli-
cate elements, intellectual, social, and material, required
in the conduct of a high class publication. The veteran
editor, thoroughly upright, courteous, and kind-hearted,
as all who knew him can testify, maintained for many
years as a valuable literary property, the journal which
had been undertaken in the true spirit of professional
chivalry."""' Dr. Macleod was the author of —
On E/heumatism in its various forms, and on the Affections of
Internal Organs, more especially the Heart and Brain, to which it
gives rise. 8vo. Lond. 1842.
Hananel de Leon, M.D., a native of Jamaica and a
doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 2nd August, 1819
(D.M.I, de Hydrocephalo), was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 22nd December, 1821.
* Medical Times and Gazette, IStli December, 1852.
1822] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 245
Charles Julius Roberts, M.D., was born in Far-
ringdon-street and educated at St. Paul's school. He
began the study of medicine in London, and continued
it at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of medi-
cine 1st August, 1820 (D.M.I, de Diseta et Regimiue
Phthisicorum). He was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 22nd December, 1821, and settled
in New Bridge-street, Blackfriars, where he continued
to practise until his death, which occurred at the house
of a friend at Surbiton-hill on the 27th September,
1851. Dr. Roberts was the author of —
Hints on the Domestic Management of Children. 12mo. Lond.
1838.
James Adey Ogle, M.D., was the son of a medical
practitioner in London, and was educated at Eton. He
was entered at Trinity college, Oxford, in 1809 ; took
a first class in mathematics, and became a scholar of
Trinity, but married before succeeding to a fellowship.
He proceeded A.B. 21st October, 1813; A.M. 24th
April, 1816; M.B. 24th May, 1817, and M.D. 3rd
February, 1820. He had passed two winter sessions
in attendance on the medical classes at Edinburgh, and
had been for some time a student at St. George s hos-
pital. He was admitted an Inceptor-Candidate of the
College of Physicians 26th Juue, 1820, a Candidate
30th September, 1820, a Fellow 1st i^pril, 1822. He
delivered the Harveian oration in 1844. Dr. Ogle set-
tled at Oxford ; in 1824 was appointed Aldrichian pro-
fessor of the practice of medicine; in 1830 Aldrichian
professor of clinical medicine, and in 1851 Regius pro-
fessor of physic. He died at the vicarage, Old Shore -
ham, the residence of his son-in-law, the Begins pro-
fessor of Divinity at Oxford, of apoplexy, on the 25th
September, 1857, aged sixty-five, and is buried in Holy
Cross cemetery, Oxford.
Dr. Ogle was the author of " A Letter to the Eeve-
rend the Warden of Wadham College on the System of
Education pursued at Oxford, with Suggestions for re-
246 ROLL OF THE [1822
modelling the Examination Statutes," 8vo. Oxford,
1841 ; which is remarkable, as he therein foretells and
advocates the introduction into the university studies,
of that of natural science especially ; and the other
great changes which have since his time been made in
the system of university education.
Sm Geouge Lefevre, M.D., was born at Great
Berkhampstead, co. Herts, and educated at Edinburgh,
but graduated doctor of medicine at Aberdeen 4th
Auo^ust, 1819, when he came to London and studied
for some time at the Borough hospitals. He was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 1st
April, 1822, and after a time becoming attached to the
household of an opulent Bussian nobleman, at his in-
stance settled at St. Petersburgh, where he resided
many years, and held the appointment of physician to
the British embassy at that court. For his services in
this capacity he received the honour of knighthood by
patent when, after winning the respect and regard of
the British residents at St. Petersburgh, as well as of
many of the Bussian nobility, and realising a compet-
ency, he determined to return to England and spend
the remnant of his days in the leisurely practice of his
profession, in literary pursuits, and in the society of
his friends. He was admitted a Fellow of the College
of Physicians 30th September, 1842, and was Lumleian
lecturer in 1845. Sir George Lefevre's domestic ar-
rangements had been unfortunate, and for some months
before his death, he suffered from great depression of
spirits, from which however he would soon recover, but
his mind eventually became more affected, and he ter-
minated his own existence by prussic acid on the 12 th
February, 1846. Dr. W. F. Chambers, who knew Sir
George Lefevre well says,'"* '' he was a most amiable
member of the profession and of society. His cheerful-
ness indeed in the midst of domestic misfortunes of no
* Address to the Royal Medical and Cliirurgical Society of Lou-
don, 2nd March, 1846.
1822] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 247
ordinary intensity and bitterness was most remarkable,
whilst his kindness to all around him, and especially to
a large circle of relations who depended on him for ad-
vice, comfort, and countenance, was sufficiently testified
by the profound grief with which he was lamented by
them." Sir George Lefevre was the author of—
Observations on the Nature and Treatment of the Cholera Mor-
bus, prevailing epidemically at St. Petersbargh. 8vo. Lend. 1831.
Thermal Comfort, or hints for preservation against Colds, Coughs,
and Consumption. 8vo. Lond. 1843.
The Life of a Travelling Physician, including twenty years'
Wanderings through Europe. 3 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1843.
Apology for the Nerves ; or their Influence and Importance in
Health and Disease. 12mo. Lond. 1844.
James Cove Jones, M.D., a Welshman, and a doctor
of medicine of Edinburgh of 24th June, 1812 (D.M.I,
de Angina Pectoris), was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 1st April, 1822.
John Goldwyer, M.D., was born in Bristol, and
graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh in 1821
(D.M.I, de Pathologia Pulmonum). He was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 1st April,
1822, and then settled at Salisbury, but his health
soon gave way, and he died at his mother's house in
King-square, Bristol, 29th August, 1826.
Peter Francis Luard, M.D., was the second son of
Peter John Luard, of Blyborough hall, Lincolnshire,
esq., by his wife Louisa, daughter of Charles Dalbiac,
esq., of Hungefrord park, and was born 16th Septem-
ber, 1786. He received his medical education at Edin-
burgh, where he graduated doctor of medicine 24th
June, 1808 (D.M.I, de Ebriosorum malis). He was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 1st
April, 1822, and settled at Warwick, where he was
much and deservedly respected. For the last few years
of his life he had retired to Florence chiefly for the
248 ROLL OF THE [1822
sake of his health, and died in that city on the 25 th
December, 1857, aged seventy-one.
John Gibbs, M.D., was born at Petworth, in Sussex,
and graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh 1st
August, 1821 (D.M.I, de Dysenteria). He was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 1st
April, 1822, and died 1st September, 1866, aged eighty-
six.
Sir David James Hamilton Dickson, M.D., was
the youngest son of the Rev. George Dickson, minister of
Bedrule, in Eoxburghshire. He was educated as a sur-
geon ; had a licence from the College of Surgeons of
Edinburgh in 1798, and having entered the navy, served
in that capacity in the expedition to Holland in 1799,
and in that to Egypt in 1801. He was also present at
the capture of the French and Dutch islands in the
West Indies. Created doctor of medicine at Aberdeen
18th August, 1806, he was appointed, in 1806, physi-
cian and inspector of H.M. ships and hospitals at the
Leeward islands. In 1813, he was appointed superin-
tendent of the Russian fleet in the Medway, and for his
services in that office received the order of St. Vladi-
mir from the emperor Alexander. He was next ap-
pointed physician to the Mediterranean fleet, and in
1824 physician to the Royal Naval hospital at Plymouth.
He had been admitted a fellow of the Edinburgh Col-
lege of Physicians, 6th August, 1816, and he was ad-
mitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians
of London, 15th June, 1822. He received the honour
of knighthood from Wilham lY, 20th August, 1834 ;
and in 1840 was promoted to the rank of inspector of
hospitals and fleets. Sir David Dickson died at Stone-
house, CO. Devon, 2nd January, 1850, in the seventieth
year of his age.'''
John Mason Good, M.D., was born 25th May, 1764,
* Gent. Mag., March, 1850.
1822] EOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 249
and was the second son of the Rev. Peter Good, a dis-
senting minister, by his wife, Sarah Peyto, the favourite
niece of the Rev. John Mason, the author of the well-
known Treatise on Self-knowledge. He was educated
by his father in languages and general literature, and
soon acquired a good knowledge of Latin, Greek, and
French. He began his medical education under Mr.
Johnson, a surgeon apothecary, at Gosport, on whose
death he went to reside with a surgeon of skill and large
business at Havant. In 1783 and 1784, he attended
the lectures of Dr. George Fordyce and Dr. Lowder in
London, and then joined an apothecary at Sudbury, in
Suffolk. In 1793, he removed to London, entered into
partnership with a surgeon apothecary in the neigh-
bourhood of the FoundHng hospital, and on the 7th
November in that year, was admitted a member of the
Corporation of Surgeons. On the 31st March, 1808,
he was elected a fellow of the Royal society,. In 182U,
pursuant to the advice of several medical friends, he
entered on the more elevated department of professional
duty, that of a physician, for which his varied attain-
ments and extensive knowledge abundantly qualified
him. He was created doctor of medicine by Marischal
college, Aberdeen, 10th July, 1820, and was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June,
1822. Dr. Mason Good died at Shepperton, Middlesex,
on the 2nd January, 1827, in the sixty -third year of
his age. He is commemorated as follows in St. Pancras
church, Euston-square : —
Sacred to the Memory of
John Mason Good, M.D., F.R.S.,
Who departed this life on the 2"^^ day of Jan^., 1827,
Aged 63 years.
His last words declared the foundation of his hope :
" All the promises of God in Christ Jesus are jea,
And in him Amen."
Dr. Good possessed in an eminent degree the power
of acquiring languages ; he had a strong and most re-
tentive memory, and his industry and perseverance
250 I^OLL OF THE [1822
were remarkable. He had acquired, under his father's
tuition, a good knowledge of Latin, Greek, and French.
To these he soon added ItaUan, Hebrew, Spanish, Por-
tuguese, and then German, after which he applied him-
self to Arabic and Persian, and later on to Eussian,
Sanscrit, and Chinese. From the year 1797 he was
largely occupied in writing for reviews and other perio-
dical publications ; he contributed to the Analytical
and Critical Reviews, and to the British and monthly
magazines. He was for some time editor of the Critical,
and many of the more elaborate articles in that review
were from his pen. Whilst thus occupied, he com-
menced his translation of Lucretius, one of the works
on which his fame with posterity will chiefly rest.
This work he undertook partly at the entreaty of some
literary friends, but principally that he might bring him-
self under a necessity of becoming thoroughly acquainted
with the utmost possible variety of subjects upon which
men of literature and science had been able to throw
any light. The translation was done in the streets of
London, in the course of Dr. Good's walks to his patients.
The notes, which are extensive and numerous, were
added at home. They evince an union of learning,
taste, and judgment such as is rarely found united.
Whilst fully occupied in general practice and amidst
all the distractions inseparable from that department
of medicine. Dr. Good, in conjunction with Dr. Olin-
thus Gregory and Mr. Newton Bosworth, brought out
a voluminous compilation or cyclopaedia of general
science, " The Pantologia, or Universal Dictionary of
Arts, Sciences, and Words." 12 vols, royal 8vo. 1813.
Of the many languages of which Dr. Good was master,
Hebrew was the one to which he was the most devoted
and of which his knowledge was the most profound and
critical. His translations of the '' Song of Songs " and
of " The Book of Job," are said to have secured him an
eminent station among Hebrew scholars and the pro-
moters of biblical criticism. Dr. Good's medical repu-
tation rests on his '* Physiological System of Nosology,"
1822] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 251
and his " Study of Medicine/' both of them works of
much learning and research, though now httle known
and rarely referred to. The Nosology was dedicated by
special permission " to the President and Fellows of the
Eoyal College of Physicians of London :" "a copy of
the w^ork having lain for public inspection upon the
Censor's table for some time, and three other copies
having been circulated among the Fellows in rotation,"
after which "the author's request was unanimously
acceded to." " The Study of Medicine " was inscribed
to Sir Henry Halford, Bart., the president of the col-
lege, '^ as a tribute of gratitude and friendship."
The following is, I believe, a complete list of Dr.
Good's published works : —
A Dissertation on tlie Diseases of Prisons and Poor Houses.
12mo. Lend. 1795.
A History of Medicine, so far as it relates to tlie profession of
tlie Apothecary, from the earliest accounts to the present period.
12mo. Lond. 1795.
A Dissertation on the best means of Maintaining and Employing
the Poor in Parish Workhouses. 8vo. Lond. 1798.
Address to the Members of the Corporation of Surgeons. 8vo.
Lond. 1800.
Song of Songs, or Sacred Idyls from the Hebrew, with Notes.
8vo. Lond. 1803.
Triumph of Britain. An Ode. 1808.
Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the Rev. Alexander Geddes,
LL.D. 8vo. Lond. 1803.
The Nature of Things, from the Latin of Lucretius ; Latin and
English, with Notes Philological and Explanatory. 2 vols. 4to.
Lond. 1805.
The Book of Job ; translated from the Hebrew. 8vo. Lond.
1812.
Physiological System of Nosology, with, a corrected and simpli-
fied Nomenclature, 8vo. Lond. 1820.
The Study of Medicine. 4 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1822.
The Book of Nature. 3 vols. 12mo. Lond. 1826.
Dr. Good was also one of the editors of, and a large
contributor to the
Pantologia, or Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Words.
12 vols. Royal 8vo. Lond.
James Veitch, M.D., was born in Edinburgh, where
252 ROLL OF THE [1822
he graduated doctor of medicine 24th June, 1808
(D.M.I, de Febre Flava). He entered the navy, and after
a time became surgeon to the Royal Naval hospital at
Plymouth. He was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 25th June, 1822, when he settled in
London. He died at his residence in Ovington-square,
Brompton, 4th July, 1856, aged eighty-six, being then
deputy inspector of hospitals and fleets. Dr. Yeitch
was the author of —
A Letter on the I^on- contagious Nature of the Yellow Fever.
8vo. Lond. 1818.
Alexander Tweedie, M.D., was born in Edinburgh,
in 1794, and educated at the High school of that city,
under the mastership of Christison, Carson, and the
rector. Dr. Adams. He commenced his medical studies
at the university of Edinburgh, in 1809, about the same
time that he became the pupil of Mr. Wishart, one of
the surgeons to the Eoyal infirmary, a sound practi-
tioner, in extensive general practice, and distinguished
in Edinburgh for what was then uncommon, a good
knowledge of ophthalmic disease. He graduated doctor
of medicine, 1st August, 1815 (D.M.I, de Cataracta).
From a strong conviction that every physician should
possess a competent knowledge of surgery, Dr. Tweedie
devoted his attention after graduation to surgical patho-
logy, and in 1817 became a member of the Edinburgh
College of Surgeons. He was then elected one of the two
house surgeons to the Edinburgh Eoyal infirmary, Ro-
bert Listen, the future surgical celebrity, being the other.
Dr. Tweedie was strongly urged to devote himself to
tlie practice of ophthalmic surgery, and with this in
view commenced business in Edinburgh in 1818, but
having early in life imbibed the desire to practise in
London as a physician, he removed thither in 1820, and
on the 25th June, 1822, was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians. He became a Fellow of the
College 4th July, 1838, was Consiliarius in 1853, 1854,
1855, and Lumleian lecturer in 1858, 1859.
1822] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 253
In the year 1822 Dr. Tweedie was appointed assistant
plijsician to the London Fever hospital, and in 1824,
on the retirement of Dr. Armstrong, physician to the
hospital, an office which he filled for thirty- eight years,
resigning it in the spring of 1861, when he was ap-
pointed consulting physician and one of the vice-presi-
dents of that institution. In 1836 he was appointed
one of the physicians to the Foundling hospital.
Dr. Tweedie was the original and sole projector of
"The Cyclopoedia of Practical Medicine, comprising trea-
tises on the Nature and Treatment of Diseases, Materia
Medica and Therapeutics, Medical Jurisprudence," &c.,
&c. 4 vok royal 8vo. Lond. 1831, 1835;''' of which
work he was one of the editors, and to which he con-
tributed several valuable articles, among the most com-
plete and important of which were those on '' Continued
Fever," " Inflammation," " Scarlatina," and " Diseases
of the Throat." At a subsequent period Dr. Tweedie
planned and edited " The Library of Medicine." 8 vols.
8vo. Lond. 1840. The first five volumes comprehended
practical medicine, the sixth, midwifery, and the seventh
and eighth, a translation with illustrations of Cruvel-
heir's celebrated work on anatomy.
Dr. Tweedie is the author of —
* It had appeared to Dr. Tweedie somewliat singular, that while
French and German physicians had by joint labours brought out
their dictionaries, no similar work had been attempted in Britain.
On communicating a plan for such a work to two enterprising pub-
lishers, they at once undertook the publication of the work. Among
the physicians to whom Dr. Tweedie applied for co-operation was
Dr. (afterwards Sir John) Forbes, though previously unacquainted
with him except by his writings. The scheme w^as so much approved
by him that he came up from Chichester, to talk over the matter,
and undertook not only to write several articles, but offered spon-
taneously to join in the editorship. It was agreed that he should
do so. It was soon evident that the details and correspondence con-
nected with such a work would leave little time for the mechanical
duties of superintending the press, and it was suggested and
arranged that this should be confided to Dr. Conolly. The first
number was published in 1831 ; it was issued in monthly parts, and
was finally completed in 1835. The whole edition (3,000) sold,
flnd afforded a handsome profit to the publishers.
254 ROLL OF THE [1822
Clinical Illustrations of Fever. 8vo. Lond. 1828.
On the Distinctive Characters, Pathology, and Treatment of Con-
tinued Fevers. 8vo. Lond. 1862.
Julius Eucco, M.D., a Neapolitan by birtli, and a
doctor of medicine of Baltimore, of 12th July, 1817,
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 25th June, 1822. He was the author of—
An Introduction to the Science of the Pulse, as applied to the
Practice of Medicine. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1827.
Henry Blegborough, M.D., was born in Yorkshire,
and educated at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor
of medicine 1st August, 1821 (D.M.I, de Hsemoptysi).
He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 25th June, 1822, and died at Bichmond, in the
county of York, 26th February, 1865.
Sm George Magrath, M.D., was born in the
county of Tyrone, and was bred a surgeon, in which
capacity he entered the navy, and was flag medical
officer to lord Nelson during his command in the Me-
diterranean. He was created doctor of medicine by the
university of St. Andrew's, 13th February, 1822, was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th
June, 1822, and a Fellow 9th July, 1847. He was
elected a fellow of the Eoyal society 24th June, 1819,
and was knighted 16th September, 1831, by William
lY, to whom, when lord high admiral, he had held
the office of physician. Sir George Magrath, on being
placed on half-pay, settled as a physician at Plymouth,
where he died 12th May, 1857.
Charles Giles Bridle Daubeny, M.D., was the
son of the Eev. James Daubeny, rector of Stratton,
Gloucestershire, by his wife Helena, daughter of An-
drew Daubeny, esq., of Bristol, and was born at Strat-
ton, 11th February, 1795. He was educated at Win-
chester, and in 1810 was elected a demy of Magdalen
1822] BOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 255
college, Oxford, of wliicli house he subsequently be-
came a fellow. He proceeded A.B. 1st June, 1814,
and in the following year gained the chancellor s prize
for the Latin essay, and was A.M. 5th March, 1817.
Being destined for the profession of physic, he applied
himself to its study in London and Edinburgh for the
three years 1815 to 1818. He graduated M.B. at Ox-
ford 19th November, 1818, and M.D. 15th January,
1821. He was admitted a Candidate of the College
of Physicians 1st October, 1821, a Fellow 30th Sep>
tember, 1822 ; and he delivered the Harveian oration
of 1845. Dr. Daubeny settled at Oxford. He was
appointed professor of chemistry there in 1822, Sherar-
dian professor of botany, 1834, and professor of rural
economy in 1840. He was elected physician to the
Eadcliffe infirmary in 1826, but resigned his appoint-
ment there in 1830, about which time he withdrew
from the actual practice of physic, which, to use his
own words, was suited neither to his tastes nor habits,''''
and devoted himself exclusively to science and litera-
ture. At a very early period of Dr. Daubeny's career
his attention had been attracted to geology and mine-
ralogy by the teaching of Dr. Kidd, at Oxford. His
interest in this subject was increased by the lectures of
professor Jameson, of Edinburgh. The fight was then
raging in modern Athens between Plutonists and Nep-
tunists, Huttonians and Wernerians, and the posses-
sion of Arthur's seat and Salisbury craig was sternly
debated by the rival worshippers of fire and water.
Daubeny entered keenly into this discussion, and after
quitting the university of Edinburgh, proceeded in
1819 on a leisurely tour through France, everywhere
collecting evidence on the geological and chemical his-
tory of the globe, and sent to professor Jameson from
Auvergne the earliest notices which had appeared in
England of that remarkable volcanic region. From
* Miscellanies : being a Collection of Memoirs and Essays, &c.,
by C. Dnubeny, M.D., F.R.S. 2 vols. 8vo. Oxford and London.
1867. Vol. i, p. 18.
256 ROLL OF THE [1822
the beginning to the end of his scientific career volcanic
phenomena occupied the attention of Dr. Daubeny, and
he strove by frequent journeys through Italy, Sicily,
France and Germany, Hungary and Transylvania, to
extend his knowledge of that interesting subject. In
1825 he had by this means prepared the basis of his
great work on volcanoes, which appeared in 1826, and
contained careful descriptions of all the regions known
to be visited by igneous eruptions, and a consistent
hypothesis of the cause of the thermic disturbance, in
accordance with the view first proposed by Gay-Lussac
and Davy.
From the time of Dr. Daubeny 's appointment to the
chair of botany at Oxford and his residence at the
" physic garden " there, he occupied himself in experi-
ments and observations on some of the most interest-
ing and recondite matters connected with vegetation —
on the effects, for instance, of light on plants and of
lolants on light ; on the distribution of potash and
phosphates in leaves and fruits ; on the conservability
of seeds ; on the ozonic element of the atmosphere ; and
on the effect of varied proportions of carbonic acid on
plants analogous to those of the coal measures. These
last-mentioned experiments are among the very few
which can be referred to as throwing light on the cu-
rious question, whether the amazing abundance of vege-
table life in the carboniferous ages of the world may
not have been specially favoured by the presence in the
palaeozoic atmosphere of a larger proportion of carbonic
acid gas than is found at present. In his position as a
teacher of botany he took pleasure in drawing atten-
tion to the historical aspects of his subject, and spe-
cially as a part of his duty treated of rural economy
both in its literary and practical bearings. Hence
arose the " Lectures on Roman Husbandry," written
in a style creditable to the classical training of his early
years, and containing a full account of the most im-
portant passages of Latin authors bearing on crops and
culture, the treatment of domestic animals, and horti-
1822] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 257
culture. To this he added an interesting catalogue of
the plants mentioned by Dioscorides, arranged in the
modern natural orders. This was followed after a few
years by a valuable essay on the Trees and Shrubs of
the Ancients, and a catalogue of Trees and Shrubs
indigenous in Greece and Italy.
For some winters before his death Dr. Daubeny
found it necessary to exchange his residence in Oxford
for the milder climate of Torquay. After patiently
enduring severe illness for a few weeks, he sunk to that
rest which, often in his thoughts, had ever been expected
with the calmness of the philosopher and the hopeful-
ness of the Christian. He died on the 13th Decem-
ber, 1867, aged seventy-two. His remains were de-
posited in a vault adjoining the walls of Magdalen
college chapel, in accordance with his own expressed*
wish, " that he might not be separated in death from a
society with which he had been connected for the
greater part of his life, and to which he was so deeply
indebted, not only for the kind countenance and sup-
port ever afforded him, but also for supplying him with
the means of indulging in a career of life at once so
congenial to his taste and the best calculated to render
him a useful member of the community."
"Any one accustomed to a considerable degree of in-
timacy with Dr. Daubeny would be able to declare that
he never met with any man more entirely truthful and
just-minded. One might absolutely rely upon him in
regard of deeds, thoughts, and motives. To convince
his judgment was to enlist his sympathy and secure his
active help ; to be censured with over-much strictness
was a passport to such protection as he could honestly
give. An earnestness of spirit was manifested in all
his academic life. I^o project of change^ no scheme of
improvement in university examinations, no modifica-
tion in the system of his own college, ever found him
indifferent, prejudiced, or unprepared. On almost every
such question his opinion was formed with rare im-
partiality and expressed with as rare intrepidity. Firm
VOL. III. s
258 ROLL OF THE [1822
and gentle, prudent and generous, cheerful and sympa-
thetic, pursuing no private ends, calm amidst jarring
creeds and contending parties, the personal influence of
such a man on his contemporaries for half a century of
active and thoughtful life fully matched the eflect of
his pubhshed works."''' Dr. Daubeny was the author
of—
A Description of Active and Extinct Volcanoes, of Earthquakes,
and of Thermal Springs, with Remarks on their Causes, Products,
and Influence on the Condition of the Globe. 8vo. Lond. 1826.
Tabular View of Volcanic Phenomena. Fol. Lond. 1828.
An Introduction to the Atomic Theory. 8vo. Lond. 1831.
Notes of a Tour in North America (privately printed). 8vo.
1838.
Supplement to the Introduction to the Atomic Theory. 8vo.
1840.
. Brief Remarks on the Correlation of the Natural Sciences. 8vo.
Oxford, 1848.
Lecture on the Importance of the Study of Chemistry. 8vo.
Lond. 1854.
Lectures on Roman Husbandry, comprehending such an Account
of the System of Agriculture, the Treatment of Domestic Animals,
the Horticulture, &c., pursued in ancient times, as may be collected
from the Scriptores Rei Rustic^e, the Georgics of Virgil, and other
classical authorities, with Notices of the Plants mentioned in Colu-
mella and Virgil. 8vo. Oxford and London, 1857.
Climate ; an Inquiry into the Causes of its Differences, and into
its Influence on Vegetable Life. 8vo. Lond. 1863.
Essay on the Trees and Shrubs of the Ancients, intended to be
Supplementary to the Lectures on Roman Husbandry. 8vo. Ox-
ford and London, 1865.
A Popular Guide to the Botanic Garden of Oxford, and to the
Fielding Herbarium annexed to it. Oxford.
Miscellanies; being a Collection of Memoirs and Essays on
Scientific and Literary Subjects published at various times. 2 vols.
8vo. Oxford and London, 1867.
John Elliotson, M.D., was the eldest son of a re-
spectable and wealthy druggist in the High-street of
Southwark, and was born there 24th October, 1791.
He was educated at a school of some repute in the
neighbourhood, kept by a Mr. Dutrail, and then under
a private tutor at home. In 1 805, at an unusually early
* Proceedings of the Royal Soc. of London, vol. xvii, p. 74, et
8eq.
1822] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 259
age he was sent to Edinburgh, where he remained for five
years, and graduated doctor of medicine 24th June, 1810
(D.M.I, de Inflammation e). He then returned to London,
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
22nd December, 1810, and about that time entered him-
self at Jesus college, Cambridge. He spent three years at
Cambridge, where he worked indefatigably ; his reading
whilst there was extensive, but discursive rather than
deep ; and it was during this period, that he accumulated
the large amount of curious information which he subse-
quently gave to the world in the " Notes " to his Human
Physiology. He proceeded M.B. 1816, M.D. 4th July,
1821, was admitted a Candidate of the College of Phy-
sicians 1st October, 1821, and a Fellow 30th September,
1822. He was Censor in 1825, Consiliarius in 1836 ; he
delivered the Gulstonian lectures of 1824, the Liimleian
of 1 8 2 9 and 1 8 3 0 , an d the Harveian oration of 1 8 4 6 . Dr.
Elliotson was elected assistant physician to St. Tho-
mas's hospital in 1817. Having applied in vain for per-
mission to deliver a course of lectures on forensic medi-
cine there, he gave great offence to his colleagues and to
the authorities of the hospital by lecturing on that sub-
ject at the adjacent private school of medicine in Webb-
street. He was elected however, despite of much oppo-
sition, physician to St. Thomas's hospital in 1823, and
from the first took an active part in clinical teachhig, and
after a time was associated with Dr. Robert Williams in
the lectures on the theory and practice of medicine. In
1832 he was appointed professor of medicine at Univer-
sity college (then called the University of London), and,
on the opening of the hospital there in 1834, senior phy-
sician to it, when he resigned his oflice at St. Thomas's.
For some years Dr. Elliotson commanded a larger class,
both in the lecture room and in the wards, than had
any previous teacher in London. His diagnosis of dis-
ease was accurate and minute, his teaching by the bed-
side impressive and eflective. As a lecturer he was clear,
precise, and painstaking. He never attempted to be
oratorical or sensational, and at his best period was sin-
s 2
260 ROLL OF THE [1822
gularly free from speculative theories. As a clinical
teaclier he was in his time unrivalled. He did not
lecture but taught, and always held that it was the duty
of the hospital physician to refer to every case under
his care, as no two cases were precisely alike, and that
a disease might be better studied in a number of graphic
sketches from nature than in the exhibition of one "com-
position," however elaborate or however complete. He
was gifted with singular powers of observation and was
most laborious in his investigation of disease ; but in
that part of practice which he most sought to elevate,
therapeutics, he was not so fortunate.'''' He accepted
nothing on the ground of authority or antiquity, and
rejected nothing merely because it was new ; and he was
ready at all times to sacrifice everything to what he be-
lieved to be truth. He was one of the first in this
country to recognize and teach the value of the stetho-
scope, in the use of which he became a great proficient.
In 1837, when at the height of his reputation and
success, Dr. EUiotson entered on the investigation and
practice of mesmerism, not at his own house only, but
in the wards of the College hospital. The efiects were
disastrous to his position and peace of mind. Many of
the circumstances attending his employment of mesme-
rism in the hospital were thought so objectionable by a
majority of his medical colleagues there, that the coun-
cil of the college, after a time, interposed, whereupon
(December, 1838), Dr. EUiotson resenting, as he him-
self expressed it, any interference or dictation with his
modes of practice, at once and indignantly resigned his
professorship at the college, and his physicianship to
the hospital. From this period is to be dated his rapid
fall from the position he had achieved for himself among
the foremost and most popular of London physicians and
teachers. His career thenceforward was one mainly of
opposition to his professional brethren.
Dr. EUiotson was an ardent phienologist, the foimder,
and for many years the president and main support of
* Lancet, August 8, 18G8, p. 204.
1822] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 261
the Phrenological society of London. Shortly after
withdrawing from University college, he founded the
London Mesmeric infirmary in Weymouth-street, and in
1844 established a monthly journal devoted to the ad-
vancement of his two favourite subjects, phrenology and
mesmerism, " The Zoist, a Journal of Cerebral Physi-
ology and Mesmerism, and their Application to Human
Welfare, "jjWhich ran to twelve volumes. His writings
from this time, with few and unimportant exceptions,
were devoted to mesmerism and phrenology. They are
most of them querulous and aggressive in style, and
did little credit to his head or heart. Fortunately,
perhaps, they are entombed in the pages of the Zoist.
Dr. Elliotson continued to practise mesmerism and to
give his services to the Mesmeric infirmary until his
health and his affairs fell into disorder. He had em-
barked the whole of his means, which were considerable,
in investments which ultimately proved to be worthless,
and in the beginning of 1865 he had to break up his
establishment, quit his house in Conduit-street, and
withdraw to that of a friend in the neighbourhood,
where he died 29th July, 1868, aged seventy-six. He
was buried in the family vault at Kensal-green. Of Dr.
ElHotson's religious opinions I can say but little. A vein
of scepticism and unbelief is to be traced in many of his
writings, and especially in the "Notes'^ to his Physi-
ology ; but we are assured that " in his later years,
amidst the buffe tings of adversity, he found his greatest
comfort in the solid consolations of Christianity. The
Bible was then his constant companion, and he died in
charity with all men/'
Those who knew Dr, Elliotson the best, and watched
him the most closely, were convinced that though cul-
pably credulous in all that related to mesmerism, his
motives were free from suspicion, and that he was
honest and sincere in his behef in it. " He sacrificed
to it a present of position, place, and power, such as
any man might envy, and which must have been espe-
cially dear to a man of his temperament and endow-
262 ROLL OF THE [1822
ments ; and a future as bright and promising, to say
the least, as that of any physician of his day. But he
was completely enthralled by what he believed to be
the true manifestations of the power of mesmerism. He
saw before him a vista of discoveries in the hidden
mysteries of nature and of life, and of triumph over
disease, such as would make all past discoveries and
researches pale their ineffectual lights, and with his
wonted ardour, self-confidence, and self-assertion, he
saw himself the apostle of the new science, and would
not brook opposition or restraint. With a like con-
fidence and zeal he had made himself the teacher and
prophet of phrenology as a great science, and if either
phrenology or mesmerism had possessed the seeds of
truth and vitality, he, if any one, could have fostered
and forced them into growth and luxuriance. But
where are they both now ? "''' Dr. Elliotson s portrait
by Ramsay is in the college. It was presented by his
only surviving relation, his sister. Miss Eliza Elliotson.
Dr. EUiotson was the author of —
Numerons Cases illustrative of the Efficacy of Hydrocyanic or
Prussic Acid in Affections of tlie Stomach ; with a Report upon its
Powers in Pectoral and other Diseases, and some Facts respecting
the Necessity of Varying the Doses of Medicines according to cir-
cumstances, and the Use of Opium in Diabetes. 8vo. Lond. 1820.
Introductory Lecture of a Course upon State Medicine. 8vo.
Lond. 1821.
On the Recent Improvements in the Art of Distinguishing the
Various Diseases of the Heart. Polio. Lond. 1830.
Address at the Opening of the Medical Session in the University
of London, October 1, 1832. 8vo. Lond. 1832.
Letter to the Gentlemen who composed Dr. Elliotson's Class of
the Practice of Medicine in University College. 8vo. Lond. 1839.
Human Physiology : with which is incorporated much of the
Elementary part of the Institutiones Physiologic^e of Blumenbach.
5th edit. 8vo. Lond. 1840.
His Lectures on Medicine which had been published in the Lon-
don Medical Gazette appeared in one thick volume, 8vo., Lond.,
1830, as
Tlie Principles and Practice of Medicine by John Elliotson, M.D.,
Cantab., F.R.S., edited by N. Rogers, M.D., and Alexander Cooper
Leo.
Medical Times and Gazette of 8th August, 1868, p. 166.
1822] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 263
James Yonge, M.D., was born in Devonshire of a
family of repute and standing in that county, founded
about the beginning of the last century by a man of
mark and originality, James Yonge, an extra-licentiate
of the college mentioned in the last volume. He was
a son of the Kev. Duke Yonge, vicar of Cornwood, co.
Devon, by his wife, Catherina, daughter of Sir Thomas
Crawley-Boevey, bart., of Flaxley abbey, co. Gloucester,
and was educated at Eton and at Exeter college, Ox-
ford, as a member of which he proceeded A.B. 13th May,
1815; A.M. 22nd October, 1817'; M.B. 8th June, 1819 ;
and M.D. 20th June, 1821. He was admitted an In-
ceptor-Candidate of the College of Physicians, 22nd
December, 1819 ; a Candidate, 1st October, 1821 ; and
a Fellow, 30th September, 1822. Dr. Yonge settled at
Plymouth, was for many years physician to the Ply-
mouth dispensary and to the Devon and Cornwall hos-
pital, and died in January, 1870, aged seventy-one.
Feancis Hopkins Eamadge, M.D., was born in Dub-
lin and educated at Trinity college, in that city, where
he graduated bachelor of medicine. He was incorpo-
rated on that degree at Oxford, as a member of Mag-
dalen hall, 4th May, 1820, and proceeded M.D. 27th
June, 1821. Dr. ilamadge was admitted an Inceptor-
Candidate of the College of Physicians, 26th June, 1820 ;
a Candidate, 1st October, 1821 ; and a Fellow, 30th
September, 1822. He was Censor in 1825. Dr. Ea-
madge was for many years physician to the Infirmary
for Asthma, Consumption, and other diseases of the
Chest. He died 8th June, 18G7, aged seventy-four, and
was the author of —
A Treatise on Asthma. 8vo. Lond.
A Treatise on the Cure of Consumption. 8vo. Lond.
A Treatise on Diseases of the Heart.
Dr. Eamadge was also the author of a translation,
with copious annotations, and notes from his own lec-
tures, of Laennec's Treatise on Mediate Auscultation,
264 ROLL OF THE [1822
8vo. Lond. 1846. The volume was seen through the
press by Theophilus Herbert, M.D., but it is known to
have been essentially the work of Dr. Eamadge.
John Spurgin, M.D., was born in Essex, and edu-
cated at the Grammar school of Chelmsford. He matri-
culated at Cambridge, as a member of Caius college, in
1815, and spent three years there, when he proceeded
to Edinburgh, and returning to Cambridge, graduated
M.B. 1820, M.D. 1825. He was admitted an Inceptor-
Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th September,
1822, a Candidate 30th September, 1825, and a Fellow
30th September, 1826. He was Censor in 1829, ConsiH-
arius in 1851, 1852, 1853, 1862, 1863, 1864. He deli-
vered the Harveian Oration in 1851, and the College
lectures on Materia Medica in 1852. Dr. Spurgin was
elected physician to the Foundling hospital in 1835, and
somewhat later physician to St. Mark's hospital. He
died 20th March, 1866. He was the author of —
The Introduction to an Anatomical, Physical, and Philosophical
Investigation of the Economy of the Animal Kingdom. By Emanuel
Swedenborg, With an Address to the Reader, by Medicus Canta-
brigiensis. 8vo. Lond. 1861. And of
Materia Medica, and its relation to the Animal Economy. 8vo.
Lond. 1853.
The Physician for All, his Philosophy, Experience, and Mission.
2 vols. 8vo, Lond. 1855, 1857.
The Drainage of Cities. 8vo. Lond. 1858,
The Cure of the Sick not Allopathy nor Homoeopathy, but Judg-
ment, 8vo. London. 1859.
Dr. Spurgin's portrait in the gown of his degree, by
Miss Sutherland, is at the college. It was presented by
his widow.
Richard Li:win Pennell, M.D., wasbornin Devon-
shire, and received his medical education at Edinburgh,
where he graduated doctor of medicine, 1st August,
1818 (D.M.I, de Spina Incurva). He was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th September,
1822, and settled in Exeter. Dr. Pennell was elected
physician to the Devon and Exeter hospital in 1830, but
1823] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. * 265
resigned that office in 1850, soon after which he retired
to Cheriton Bishop, in the same county.
George Haines Jones, M.D., was born in Wales,
and graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh 2nd
August, 18 L9 (D.M.L de usu Aquse et methodis earn
ad Mare Servandi). He was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 30th September, 1822. He
died at AsKling house, Hambledon, Hants, 3rd January,
1863, aged seventy-two.
Henry Somerville, M.D., a doctor of medicine, of
St. Andrew's, of 2nd December, 1820, was admitted
an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians 10th
March, 1823. He practised at Stafford, was appointed
physician to the Staffordshire infirmary in 1822, and
resigned that office in 1828. He died at Stafford, 23rd
January, 1830, aged sixty-five.
Frederic Cobb, M.D., was born at Throwley, co.
Kent, and received his preparatory education at the
King's school, Canterbury. He commenced the study
of medicine at the London hospital, and in 1818 was
appointed demonstrator of anatomy in the school of
that institution. Removing to Edinburgh, where he
remained three years, he graduated doctor of medicine
1st August, 1822 (D.M.I, de Eabie Canina). Dr. Cobb
then settled in London, was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 24th March, 1823, and a
Fellow 30th September, 1839. He was elected assistant
physician to the London hospital 5th September, 1827,
and physician I7th February, 1841, an office which he
retained until 1854, shortly after which he retired from
the practice of his profession, and withdrew to an estate
he had purchased, near Farnham, Surrey, where he now
resides.
William Gairdner, M.D., was a son of Robert
Gairdner, esq., of Mount Charles, in Ayrshire, a captain
266 * ROLL OF THE [1823
in the Bengal artillery, and was born llth November,
1793. He received his elementary education at the
Ayr academy; entered as a medical student at Edin-
burgh in 1810, and graduated doctor of medicine there
13th September, 1813 (D.M.I de Dysenteria). He con-
tinued his studies for some time longer at the London
hospitals, and then passed some years as domestic and
travelling physician to persons of rank and station. He
settled as a physician in London in 1822, and was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 24 th
March, 1823. Dr. Gairdner quitted the practice of his
profession only a short time before his death. He passed
the winter with his family in the south of France, and
was on his way from Mentone to Lausanne, when he
was suddenly seized with illness at Avignon, and died
there after a few days' illness, on the 28th April, 1867,
aged seventy-three. Dr. Gairdner was the author of —
An Essay on the Effects of Iodine on the Human Constitution.
8vo. Lond. 1824.
On Gout ; its History, its Causes, and its Cure. 12mo. Lond.
1849.
Robert Lee, M.D., was born at Melrose, co. Rox-
burgh, in 1793, and educated at Galashiels, under the
Bev. Robert Balmer, D.D., subsequently of Berwick.
He entered the college at Edinburgh, in 1806, and was
then intended for the church, but after attending the
literary and philosophical classes in the university, he
diverted to physic, and graduated doctor of medicine
there 24th June, 1814 (D.M.I. de Rheumatismo).
He became a member of the College of Surgeons of
Edinburgh, and then returned into the country for a
few months, but soon came back to Edinburgh, and was
then for a lengthened period physician's clerk at the
Royal infirmary to Dr. James Hamilton, sen. About
the year 1817 Dr. Lee came to London, and through
the influence of Sir Gilbert Blane was appoiiited to live
with and take charge of the son of a distinguished
statesman, who was afflicted with epilepsy in its worst
1823] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 267
form. On relinquishing this appointment, Dr. Lee pro-
ceeded to Paris, where he studied anatomy, under
Breschet, and attended the lectures of Beclard, Desor-
meaux, and Capuron. After a tour with a family of
rank, as their domestic physician, in the south of France
and north of Italy, Dr. Lee returned to England ; on the
24th March, 1823, was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians, and commenced practice in Lon-
don as an obstetric physician. A severe illness occurred
to blight his prospects at this time, and on his recovery
he sought and obtained a medical appointment in the
East India company. He was preparing to embark for
Calcutta when he was offered through Dr. Granville the
appointment of domestic physician to the family of prince
Woronzow, then governor-general of the Crimea and of
the Russian provinces on the Black sea. Dr. Lee left
England for Odessa in October, 1824, and in the autumn
of 1825 accompanied the prince and his family to the
Crimea, where he was presented to the emperor Alex-
ander. The emperor had visited the Crimea, with the
idea of building a palace there, and retiring to it and
from the cares of government at no very remote period.
The Czar, however, was seized whilst there with the
epidemic fever then raging in the Crimea, and died after
a very short illness. Dr. Lee had dined with the em-
peror a few days only before he was attacked. A narra-
tive of the circumstances attending the illness and death
of the Czar, entitled " The Last Days of the Emperor
Alexander," was published by Dr. Lee, several years
after, in the Athenseum, to counteract a rumour which
had been current that the emperor did not die a natural
death.
Dr. Lee returned to London with prince Woronzow
in December, 1826, and recommenced practice as an
accoucheur. In the following year he was elected phy-
sician to the British Lying-in hospital, and began to
lecture on midwifery. In 1834 he received from the
Crown, through the interest of lord Melbourne, the
appointment of regius professor of midwifery in the
268 ROLL OF THE [1823
university of Glasgow. He proceeded to Glasgow and
read his introductory address to the Senatus Academi-
cus, but before this was delivered he had resolved to
resign the professorship and return to London, which
he did immediately. Soon after his return he was ap-
pointed to the chair of midwifery at St. George's hos-
pital, and occupied it for thirty years, resigning it in
1866. Dr. Lee was admitted a Fellow of the College of
Physicians 10th July, 1841 ; he delivered the Lumleian
lectures of 1856-57, the Croonian lectures of 1862, and
was Harveian Orator for 1864. Age was telling heavily
upon him in 1875, when he withdrew from the prac-
tice of his profession and from London, and retired to
Surbiton-hill, where he died 6th February, 1877, aged
eighty-four. He was buried at Kensal-green. Dr.
Lee's portrait by S, Pearce is in the possession of his
family.
Perseverance and indomitable industry were Dr.
Lee's main characteristics ; no difficulty disconcerted
him, no amount of labour in the establishment or sup-
port of what he believed to be truth appalled him. He
was somewhat dictatorial in his tone and manner, and
intolerant of the slightest opposition to his own views,
but his honesty of purpose in all he did was never
doubted. His researches into the pathology of phleg-
masia dolens ; his contributions to the ovular theory of
menstruation ; and yet more than these, his dissections
of the nerves of the heart and uterus, entitle him to a
place in the foremost rank of anatomists and physiolo-
gists of his time and country. It is on these remark-
able dissections that Dr. Lee's fame with posterity
will chiefly rest. They gave occasion to much painful
controversy at the time, and the treatment which Dr.
Lee received in reference to them from the Royal
Society did not conduce to the honour of that learned
body.^'^ The preparations are now at Cambridge. Dr.
Lee contributed to the Cyclopaedia of Practical Medi-
♦ Those who wish to pursue this subject may consult Memoirs
on the Ganglia and Nerves of the Heart, by Robt. Lee, M.D.,
1823] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 269
cine the articles, ''Abortion," " Diseases of the Ovaries,"
*' Puerperal Fevers," " Pathology of the Uterus and its
Appendages," and " Diseases of the Veins." He contri-
buted numerous and important papers to the Philoso-
phical and to the Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, and
was the author of —
Researclies on the Pathology and Treatment of some of the
most important Diseases of Women. 8vo. Lond. 1833.
The Anatomy of the Nerves of the Uterus. Folio. Lond. 1841.
CHnical Midwifery, with the histories of the four hundred cases of
Difficult Labour. 12mo. Lond. 1842.
Lectures on the Theory and Practice of Midwifery delivered in
the Theatre of St. George's hospital. 8vo. Lond. 1844.
Pathological Researches on the Diseases of the Uterus : with
coloured engravings from original drawings by Joseph Perry, re-
presenting the most important Organic Diseases of the Uterus.
Two parts. Folio. Lond. 1840—1849.
Memoirs on the Ganglia and Nerves of the Uterus. 4to, Lond.
1849.
Memoir on the Ganglia and Nerves of the Heart. 4to. Lond.
1851.
The Last Days of Alexander and the First Days of Nicholas
(Emperors of Russia). 8vo. Lond. 1854.
A Treatise on Hysteria. 8vo. Lond. 1871.
Thomas Harrison Burder, M.D., was the son of
the Eev. George Burder, a dissenting minister of ac-
knowledged worth, for many years gratuitous secretary
to the London Missionary society, and editor of the
Evangelical Magazine, and was educated in great mea-
sure by his father. Applying himself to medicine, he
proceeded to Edinburgh, w^here he distinguished him-
self among his fellows, and in 1812 was elected presi-
dent of the Medical society. He graduated doctor of
medicine at Edinburgh 1st August, 1815 (D.M.I, de
F.R.S. 4to. Lond. 1849, and the Lancet of 1851, vol. i, p. 332, et
seq. Dr. Lee's account of the whole transaction as therein given
must be assumed to be substantially accurate, for it passed, so far
as 1 know, without challenge or contradiction, and his threat of
legal proceedings was followed by the resiguation of the noble
president, and somewhat later by that of the senior secretary of the
Society, and by the dissolution of the Committee of Physiology.
270 BOLL OF THE [1823
Morbis SypKiloideis). Shortly after this, Dr. Burder
settled in London, and on the 24th March, 1823, was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians.
His health naturally delicate, soon gave way. He suf-
fered from headaches of a character so severe as to dis-
able him from medical practice, and in 1834 he with-
drew from London to Tilford, near Farnham. In 183/
he removed to Tunbridge WelJs, where he died on the
16th August, 1843, aged fifty-four. His body wa?
brought to London, and buried in Bunhill-fields. Dr.
Burder contributed to the Cyclopaedia of Practical Me-
dicine the articles, " Erythismus Mercuriahs," " Head-
ache," and '' Jaundice," and was the author of —
Letters from a Senior to a Junior Physician. 32mo. Lond,
Sir Charles Locock, Bart., M.D., D.C.L., was the
son of Henry Locock, M.D., of Northampton, and was
born in that town the 21st April, 1799. He studied
medicine in London under the direction of Mr., after-
wards Sir Benjamin Brodie, with whom he lived for
nearly three years as his only private pupil, and who
was from that time his chief friend and adviser. He
was intended for a consulting surgeon, but was induced
by the advice of Sir Benjamin Brodie to devote himself
to midwifery, as he would be better able to advance his
pupil's interests in London in that line of practice than he
could do in surgery. He went, therefore, to Edinburgh,
where he graduated doctor of medicine 1st August, 1821
(D.M.T. de Cordis Palpitatione), and shortly aftei'wards
settled in London. While yet a very young man, he had
the good fortune to be selected by Dr. Gooch, from among
all his coDtemporaries as the person on whom that very
acute and eminent physician could best rely, and to
whom he could most conscientiously transfer the mid-
wifery portion of his own business, when he was com-
pelled by failing health, in 1825, to withdraw from all
but the prescribing part of his profession. Dr. Locock
proved himself worthy of the confidence thus early re-
posed in him ; he rose rapidly to the first position as
1823] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 271
an accoucheur in London, and for a long succession of
years was in the enjoyment of the highest and most
lucrative business in his department. In 1840 he was
appointed first physician accoucheur to the queen, and
in that capacity was in attendance at the birth of all
her majesty's children. In recognition of his services
and of his professional eminence he was created a baronet
in 1857, an honour which had been offered to his accept-
ance by lord Melbourne in 1840, but then declined for
prudential reasons. Sir Charles Locock was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 24th March,
1823, a Fellow 9th July, 1836, and was Consiliarius in
1840, 1841, 1842. He was for many years physician
to the Westminster General Lying-in hospital. Sir
Charles contributed some valuable practical articles to
the Cyclopaedia of Practical Medicine and to the Library
of Medicine, and to him we owe the important discovery
of the efficacy of bromide of potassium in epilepsy. He
was a doctor of civil law of Oxford, a magistrate and
deputy lieutenant for Kent, and v/as an unsuccessful
candidate in the conservative interest for the Isle of
Wight at the general election in 1865. He died 23rd
July, 1875. "Sir Charles Locock," says his friend.
Sir James Paget, " was rewarded by many proofs of her
Majesty's approval and constant confidence, and the last
honour of which he could be conscious was conferred
on him when the queen visited him on his dying bed,
and proved to him the regard which his wise and loyal
care had earned. Such a proof of gracious friendship
must have been to him like an afterglow. When his
sun had gone down, and there seemed in this world only
coming darkness, light flashed again, and in the light
he died. Sir Charles Locock had great power of work,
and was active and unsparing of himself in his devotion
to duty ; he had a quick, keen insight, and a large and
ready store of knowledge for the daily needs of his
practice. Besides, he was skilful in his use of know-
ledge ; his beliefs were strong ; all that he believed he
felt sure of; and with clear, plain speech he would so
272 ROLL OF THE [1823
express his surety as to make most of those he spoke to
believe that he must be right- He gathered knowledge
from all quarters, from the honest and dishonest, from
high and low, if only he thought that it was knowledge
he could do good with, he cared little whence it came.
Doubtless Sir Charles owed some of his success to his
social qualities. He was a very amusing companion,
light hearted and genial, a pleasant, vivid talker, a
lover of news, a good storyteller. Thus, without effort
or design, he became a general favourite, both in the
profession and in society. But if we must admit that
these qualities often raised a prejudice in his favour,
it is as certain that the prejudice soon gave way to a
yet more favourable calm judgment when it was seen
how fit he was for the daily duties of his calling ; how
patient and watchful ; how gentle in his sympathy
with grief; how calm in the midst of others' tears; how
joyous in their joy."
Henry Herbert Southey, M.D., was born in 1783,
at Bristol. He was a younger son of Bobert Southey,
of that city, by his wife Margaret Hill, and was a bro-
ther of Bobert Southey, the poet laureate. After some
private instruction under Mr. George Burnett, an uni-
tarian minister at Great Yarmouth, and Mr. Maurice,
of Normanstown, near Lowestoft, he began tlie study
of medicine under Mr. Martineau, a distinguished sur-
geon at Norwich, and in the autumn of 1803 proceeded
to Edinburgh. He had acquired an unusual facility in
the use of Latin, which he wrote and spoke with ele-
gance and ease. This was an accomplishment fully valued
at Edinburgh at that time ; it gave Southey a reputa-
tion, and caused his society to be sought by some of
the best of his contemporaries. He was one, and it
would seem the centre figure, of a group of men, all of
whom became distinguished physicians, viz.. Dr. Lock-
yer, of Plymouth, Dr. Fearon, of Sunderland, Sir Wil-
liam Knighton, and Dr. Gooch, with the last of whom
Southey had become acquainted when they were boys
1823] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSrCTANS. 273
together at Yarmouth. These five associated, worked,
and talked Latin together, and laid the foundation of a
friendship which was only terminated by death. Dr.
Southey survived the whole of them. He retained his
fondness for Latin, and to the last seldom failed to
carry in his pocket either Horace or Virgil, or the let-
ters of the elder Pliny. He graduated doctor of medi-
cine at Edinburgh 24th June, 1806 (D.M.I. de Ortu et
Progressu Syphilidis), and spent the following winter in
London in attendance on the hospitals. Soon after
this he settled as a physician at Durham, where he met
with immediate and marked success. But the sphere
was too limited, and the largest emoluments that could
be obtained there were too small to satisfy his aspira-
tions ; and on the recommendation of his friend Sir
William Knighton he removed to London in 1812. He
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
22nd December, 1812, and on the 17th August, 1815,
was elected physician to the Middlesex hospital, which
office he retained until April, 1827. In 1823 Dr.
Southey, by the interest of his friend Sir William
Knighton, was appointed physician in ordinary to
George TV ; in 1830 he was gazetted physician extra-
ordinary to the queen (Adelaide); and in 1833 was
appointed by lord Brougham, whose friendship he had
secured at Edinburgh, one of the Lord Chancellor's
physicians in lunacy. Dr. Southey succeeded, on Dr.
Stanger's death in 1834, to the Gresham professorship
of physic, an office he continued to fill to the last. In
September, 1836, he was nominated one of the metro-
politan commissioners in lunacy, and in June, 1847,
the university of Oxford conferred upon him the honor-
ary degree of doctor of civil law. Dr. Southey, who
had been admitted a Fellow of the College of Physi-
cians 25th June, 1823, was Censorin 1826, 1832, 1849,
Harveian Orator in 1847, Consiliarius 1836, 1840,
1841, 1842, 1847, 1848, 1849, and was named an Elect
3rd March, 1848. He died 13th June, 1865, aged
eighty-two, and was buried at Highgate cemetery.
VOL. III. T
274 BOLL OF THE [1823
'' In his life and qualities/' says Sir Thomas Watson/^
" Dr. Southey was not unworthy the name that his
elder brother, the poet, has made famous. In his youth
remarkably handsome, active, athletic, and fond of the
sports of the field, he became a great favourite both as
the companion and as the physician of many of the
great aristocratic families in the north of England, and
their favour and support followed him when he after-
wards settled in practice in this town. It would be
incorrect to speak of him as a great physician. I doubt
whether he ever had that true love of his profession
which is essential to the making of a great physician ;
but he possessed a large share of that useful faculty
which we call, not very felicitously, common sense —
for in truth it is not common at all — which in the busi-
ness of life often stands a man in better stead than deep
or abstract science ; and he had thoroughly mastered
and apphed with safety and success those rules of prac-
tice which were current in his day, and which were
then deemed the soundest and the best. Among his
early friends was Henry (afterwards lord) Brougham,
who when he held the great seal appointed Dr. Southey
one of his referees in those cases of lunacy which fall
within, the care and jurisdiction of the Court of Chan-
cery. From that time Dr. Southey 's practice lay chiefly,
though not exclusively, among the insane ; and here the
natural good sense of which I have just spoken, his
practical judgment, and his kindness of heart, gave him
the power of conferring substantial benefits upon his
afflicted clients, while he mspired corresponding confi-
dence and comfort among their distressed relations and
friends. Throughout his long life Dr. Southey was a
general favourite ; and one strong evidence of this
appears in the fact that on three occasions at least
valuable legacies were bequeathed to him by men who
were bound to him by no ties of consanguinity, or, so
far as I know, of professional obligation."
Dr. Southey was the author of " Observations on
* Address to the College of Physicians, 26th March, 1866.
1823] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 275
Pulmonary Consumption," 8vo. Lond. 1814, and he
contributed to the " Lives of British Physicians" in Mur-
ray's Family Library, an elegant memoir of his friend
Dr. Gooch. He is known to have contributed also in
early life to the Annual Eeview, and he probably did
so to other journals, but of this nothing can be stated
certainly.
George Hall, M.D., of Pembroke college, Oxford,
A.B. 1st June, 1816; A.M. 27th April, 1820; and
then of University college, M.B. 6th July, 1822 ; M.D.
13th June, 1823 ; was admitted an Inceptor- Candidate
of the College of Physicians, 25th June, 1823 ; a Can-
didate 13th April, 1829 ; and a Fellow 30th September,
1830.
Charles Thomas, M«D., a native of Devonshire and
a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 1st August, 1820
(D.M.I, de Hydrope, tria prsecipue corporis cava affi-
ciente), was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians, 25th June, 1823, when he settled at Devon-
port and died there 6th November, 1842.
George Hamilton Roe, M.D., was born in Wexford,
and graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh 1st
August, 1821 (D.M.L de Eespiratione). He was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians, 25th
June, 1823 ; and then commenced practice in London.
He was created doctor of medicine by the university of
Dublin, and was incorporated on that degree at Oxford,
as a member of Magdalen hall, 24th January, 1828.
He was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physi-
cians, 13th April, 1835; a Fellow 25th June, 1836;
was Harveian orator in 1856, and Consiliarius 1864,
1865, 1866. He was physician to the Westminster
hospital from 1824 to 1856, and to the hospital for con-
sumption from its estabHshment in 1842. Dr. Eoe died
13th April, 1873, aged seventy-seven. Dr. Hoe be-
longed to a class of practitioners which, if they have
done little for the science of medicine, exercised con-
T 2
27G ROLL or THE [1823
siderable influence in their time on its practice. He
maybe associated with a number of well educated men,
who, eschewing theories, and yet taking advantage of
all improvements in medicine, brought common sense
and the observation of disease to the bedside. Dr.
Eoe was not a man of genius, but those who met
him in consultation could not fail to be impressed with
his decision as to diagnosis, his fertility of resources,
and his boldness of treatment in difficult and dangerous
cases. For many years he gave gratuitous advice at
his house in Hanover-square, where crowds attended in
the morning as recipients of his charity. This abuse
may be said to have culminated with him : he not only
gave gratuitous advice to any one who applied, no
questions being asked as to the applicant s position or
circumstances, but he had one or two surgeons in gene-
ral practice sitting at the table with him, to whose pri-
vate charge were handed over those who appeared likely
to be remunerative, to the detriment of other practi-
tioners, who in many instances had a juster claim to
their suffrages. This vicious system entailed upon Dr.
Boe a series of attacks and annoyances which were
naturally consequent on the practice he pursued.'"" He
had allied himself for some years to the Irvingites, and
was a preacher in their places of worship. He was the
author of —
A Treatise on tlie Hooping Coiigli and its Complications ; with
Hints on the Management of Children. 8vo. Lond. 1836.
Sir John Hawker English, M.D., was bred a sur-
geon, and as such entered the service of the king of
ISweden, and became surgeon-in-chief of the Swedish
army, for his services in which capacity he was deco-
rated with the order of Gustavus Vasa in 1813, and
was knighted by the Prince Regent in 1815. Sir John
English had graduated doctor of medicine at Gottingen,
3rd March, 1814; he did so also, at Aberdeen, 26th
♦ Clarke's Autobiographical Recollections of the Medical Pro-
fession. 8vo. Lond. 1874. P. 506.
1823] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 277
May, 1823 ; and was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians, 25th June, 1823. He resided at
Warley-house, Essex, but died at St. Leonard's-on-Sea,
25th June, 1840, aged fifty-two.
James Black, M.D., a native of Scotland and a doc-
tor of medicine of Glasgow of 2nd May, 1820, was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th
September, 1823; and a Fellow 1st February, 1860.
He began life as a surgeon, was a licentiate of the Edin-
burgh college of surgeons of 1808, and then entered
the royal navy. Retiring on half-pay, he practised as
a physician at Manchester and at Bolton, and was phy-
sician to the Bolton infirmary and dispensary. Dr.
Black eventually removed to Edinburgh, and died 30th
April., 1867, aged seventy-nine. He was the author
of—
An Inquiry into the Capillary Circulation of the Blood and the
intimate nature of Inflammation. 8vo. Lend. 1825.
A Comparative View of the Intimate Nature of Fever. 8vo.
Lond. 1826.
A Manual of the Bowels, and their Treatment. 12mo. Lond.
1840.
Edward James Seymour, M.D., was the son of a
London solicitor, and was born about 1795. After a
good preparatory education he matriculated at Cam-
bridge as a member of Jesus college, and proceeded
A.B. 1816, A.M. 1819, had a licence ad practicandum
from the university in 1822, and commenced M.D. in
1826. Before settling in London he spent some years
in Italy, chiefly at Florence, where he was extensively
consulted and made many influential English friends,
who were afterwards of great service to liim. On set-
thng in London, Dr. Seymour soon got into good busi-
ness among the higher classes of society, by whom he
was much trusted as a physician. He was elected
physician to St. George's hospital, 28th November,
1828, and retained that office until 1846. "He was
considered one of the most distinguished of the stafl" of
278 ROLL OF THE [1823
that institution, an able physician, a good teacher at the
bedside, and a friend to the students." Dr. Seymour was
admitted an Incept or- Candidate of the College of Physi-
cians 22nd December, 1823, a Candidate 30th Septem-
ber, 1826, and a Fellow 1st October, 1827. He was Gul-
stonian lecturer in 1829, Censor 1830, Croonian lectu-
rer in 1831, and Consiliarius in 1836. On the 1st
September, 1836, he was appointed a metropolitan
commissioner in lunacy, and thenceforward devoted
much of his time and attention to insanity. He was
one of the first who used opium freely in the treatment
of that disease. Broken health and broken fortunes
obscured his latter days. He died after an illness of
great suffering from organic disease of the stomach and
liver on the 16th April, 1866, aged seventy. Dr. Sey-
mour was the author of —
Illustrations of Diseases of the Ovaria, with Observations on
their Structure and Functions. 8vo. Lond. 1830. With a volume
of Plates. Folio, Lond. 1830.
Observations on the Medical Treatment of Insanity. 8vo. Lond.
1832.
On the Nature and Treatment of Dropsy. Parts I and II, Ana-
sarca and Ascites. With a translation of Geromini on Dropsy,
8vo. Lond. 1837.
Thoughts on the Nature and Treatment of Several Severe Dis-
eases of the Human Body. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1847.
James Bartlett, M.D., a native of Scotland and a
doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 1st August, 1818
(D.M.I, de Syphilidis Tractatione sine Hydrargyro),
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
22nd December, 1823. He died in 1846 or 1847.
John Burne, M.D., was born in Worcestershire and
received his medical education at Edinburgh, where he
graduated doctor of medicine 1st August, 1821 (D.M.I,
de Sanguinis Missione). He was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 22nd December, 1823 ; and
a Fellow 4th July, 1838. After having been for some
years physician to the Public dispensary. Dr. Burne was,
in 1835, elected physician to the Westminster hospital,
1823] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 279
which office he resigned in 1842, shortly after which he
removed to Tiverton, and about 1850, to Bath. Dr.
Burne contributed some articles to the Cyclopaedia of
Practical Medicine, and is the author of —
An Oration on the Practice of Medicine delivered before the
Medical Society of London. 4to. Lond. 1828.
A Practical Treatise on the Typhus or Adynamic Fever. 8vo.
Lond. 1828.
An Introductory Lecture at the Medical School, Aldersgate-
street. 8vo. Lond. 1832.
A Treatise on the Causes and Consequences of Habitual Consti-
pation. 8vo. Lond. 1840.
Paris Thomas Dick, M.D., the son of General G.
Dick, was born in Calcutta. He was educated at Edin-
burgh, where he took the degree of doctor of medicine
1st August, 1821 (D.M.I, de Insania). He was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 22nd
December, 1823 ; and he died at Bedford 21st March,
1855.
William Baker, M.D., was born in Middlesex and
graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh 1st August,
1821 (D.M.I, de Natura Principii Vitalis). He was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 22nd
December, 1823, and after practising for a few years in
London, removed to Derby, where he died the 30th
August, 1850, aged sixty.
Henry Davies, M.D., was descended from a very old
Welsh yeoman family originally seated at St. David's,
Pembrokeshire, from which they removed early in the
last century to Haverfordwest, in the same county. His
father was a surgeon, originally, in the navy, on retiring
from which he settled in general practice in St. Martin's-
lane. Dr. Henry Davies began his medical education
by an apprenticeship to Mr. Hammond, of Town Mailing,
in Kent, after which he attended the lectures of Dr.
Pearson, Mr. Carpue, and Mr. Brookes. He became a
member of the College of Surgeons in 1803, and then
280 ROLL or THE [1824
entered the medical department of the army and served
in various parts of Europe and America. He settled in
London in 1817, but made short visits to Paris, Dublin,
and Edinburgh for the sake of attending the hospitals
and medical schools. He was created doctor of medi-
cine by the university of Aberdeen 26th September,
1823 ; was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians 22nd December, 1823 ; and a Fellow 30th Sep-
tember, 1839. Dr. Davies devoted himself to mid-
wifery, and was long a lecturer on that subject, latterly,
at St. George's hospital. *' He was a man of kindly dis-
position, and great shrewdness and tact at the bedside.''
In 1851, he found that deafness, which had for some
years been increasing upon him, so unfitted him from
practice, that he withdrew from it and from London ;
but an idle life was so unsuitable to him, that after a
year s absence he returned to town, where he continued
to enjoy some share of practice and the society of his
family and friends, until attacked by fever, of which he
died, 9th January, 1862, in the eightieth year of his
age."'' Dr. Davies was the author of " The Young Wife's
Guide ;" and he edited the last edition of Underwood
on the Diseases of Children,
Henry Hart, M.D., a doctor of medicine of Aber-
deen of 27th May, 1822, was admitted an Extra-Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 13th February, 1824.
He resided for many years in York.
CoRNWALLis Hewett, M.D., was born in the East
Indies. After a good scholastic education he was en-
tered at Trinity college, Cambridge, and graduated
A.B. in 1809. Elected to a fellowship in Downing col-
lege, he removed thither, and as a member of that
house proceeded A.M. in 1812. He had a licence ad
practicandum from the university 14th July, 1814,
and in that year was appointed Downing professor of
physic. He was admitted an In ceptor- Candidate of
* Proc. Med. Chir. Soc, iv, p. 83.
1824] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 281
the College of Physicians 26th June, 1815, graduated
doctor of medicine at Cambridge in 1822, was admitted
a Candidate of the College 19th August, 1822, and a
Fellow 12th April, 1824. Dr. Hewett was appointed
physician to St. George's hospital 2f)th March, 1825,
but resigned that office in 1833. On the 20th January,
1832, he was gazetted physician-extraordinary to the
king. Dr. Hewett died at Brighton 13th September,
1841, aged fifty-four.
Henry Reeder, M.D., was born in Yorkshire and
graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh 1st August,
1820 (D.MJ. de Afiectibus Cordis). He was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 12th April,
1824. We have from his pen —
A Practical Treatise on the Inflammatory, Organic, and Sympa-
thetic Diseases of the Heart. 8vo. Lond. 1821.
John Wilson, M.D., was born in Cumberland and
educated at Christ college, Cambridge. He graduated
A.B. 1816, A.M. 1819, had a licence ad practicandum
4th July, 1821, and proceeded M.D. in 1826. He was
admitted an Inceptor-Candidate of the College of Phy-
sicians 12th April, 1824, a Candidate 30th September,
1826, and a Fellow 22nd December, 1827. He was
Censor in 1831. Dr. Wilson was elected physician to
the Middlesex hospital 15th December, 1831. He died
in 1858 or 1859, having shortly before given to the
world a very extraordinary and unintelligible work,
entitled —
The Lost Solar System of the Ancients discovered. 2 vols. 8vo.
Loud. 1856.
Appendix to the Losb Solar System of the Ancients. 8vo. Lond.
1858.
Samuel Shering Keddle, M.D., was born in Dor-
setshire, and graduated doctor of medicine at Edin-
burgh 1st August, 1821 (D.M.I, de Scrofula). He was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 12th
282 ROLL OF THE [1824
April, 1824. Dr. Keddle settled at Bridport, in his
native county, but eventually removed to Beaminster,
where he died.
Ynyr Burgess, M.D., was born at Camberwell. He
graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh 1st August,
1823 (D.M.I, de Syphilidis Origine). He was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 12th April,
1824.
John Haslam, M.D., was born in London, and re-
ceived his medical education at the United Borough
hospitals, and at Edinburgh, where he attended the
m^edical classes in 1785 and 1786. Beturning to Lon-
don he was appointed apothecary to Bethlehem hospital,
which he served in that capacity for many years. Hav-
ing acquired a sound practical knowledge of insanity, he
decided on establishing himself as a physician in London.
He was created doctor of medicine by the university of
Aberdeen 17th September, 1816, and in order to com-
ply with the regulations of the College of Physicians,
entered himself at Pembroke college, Cambridge, and
kept some terms there, but did not take any degree at
Cambridge. He was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 12th April, 1824. " Dr. Haslam was
long and justly celebrated as a physician in cases of in-
sanity, and a man otherwise of great attainments, in-
formation, and literary tastes. His scientific publications
were always held in high esteem, and his numerous
contributions to lighter literature through the periodi-
cal press were perhaps still more calculated to raise a
reputation. As reviewer, critic, epigrammatist, and
author of witty and comic papers he had few superiors,
and his extensive knowledge of the world and what is
called life gave him a ready hand for almost every sub-
ject. In society he was equally entertaining and full
of anecdote."*'' Dr. Haslam died in Lamb's Conduit-
street, 20th July, 1844, aged eighty. He was the au-
thor of —
* Literary Gazette for 1844.
1824] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 283
Observations on Insanity, Tvith Practical Remarks on the Disease,
and an Account of the Appearances on Dissection. 8vo. Lond.
1798. The second edition, nnder the title Observations on Mad-
ness and Melancholy. 8vo. Lond. 1809.
Illustrations of Madness. 8vo. Lond. 1810.
Considerations on the Moral Management of Insane Persons.
Svo. Lond. 1817.
Medical Jurisprudence, as it relates to Insanity according to the
Law of England. 8vo. Lond. 1817.
A Letter to the Governors of Bethlehem Hospital, containing an
Account of their Management of that Institution for the last IVenty
Years. 8vo. Lond. 1818.
Sound Mind : or Contributions to the Natural History and Phy-
siology of the Human Intellect. 8vo. Lond. 1819.
Thomas Hughes Eidgeway, M.D. — A native of
Cheshire, and a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 1st
August, 1820 (D.M.I, de Pneumonia), was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 12th April,
1824. Dr. Ridge way was in the rifle brigade, and had
seen much service. He died at Brighton 10th Sep-
tember, 1843, aged sixty.
Thomas Filkin, M.D., was born in Cheshire. He
graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh 1st Au-
gust, 1821 (D.M.I. de Diabete Mellito), and was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 12th
April, 1824. He was elected assistant physician to the
London Fever hospital, but did not long survive, and
dying 28th April, 1828, aged twenty-nine, was buried
in Bloomsbury cemetery, Brunswick-square.
Richard Waring, M.D., was born in Kent, and
graduated do(3tor of medicine at Edinburgh, 1st August,
1823 (D.M.I. de Inflammatione). He was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 12th April,
1824. Dr. Waring died at Marlings, near Chislehurst,
on the 21st May, 1868.
John Berggreen Matthews, M.D. — A native of
Middlesex, and a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of
1st August, 1823 (D.M.L de Enteritide), was admitted
284 KOLL OF THE [1824
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 12th April,
1824. He practised for some time at Totness, co.
Devon, but then emigrated to Canada, where he re-
mained several years ; then returned to England, from
which he went to Australia and India, and died on his
way back in 1849.
Joseph Brown, M.D., was born at North Shields,
in 1784, and received his medical education at Edin-
burgh. He entered the medical service of the army,
and joined the staff corps of Wellington. He was pre-
sent at the battles of Busaco, Albuera, Vittoria, the
Pyrenees, and gained warm commendation for his ser-
vices. After the battle of Waterloo, Dr. Brown was
with the army of occupation until its retirement from
France. Eeturning to England he proceeded again to
Edinburgh to continue his studies, and there gradu-
ated doctor of medicine 2nd August, 1819 (D.M.I, de
Morbis Venereis). He was admitted an Extra-Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians of London 13th April,
1824. Dr. Brown settled at Sunderland, where he was
much respected and greatly trusted. He was for many
years physician to the Sunderland and Bishopwear-
mouth infirmary. He died at Sunderland 19th Novem-
ber, 1868, aged eighty-four. Dr. Brown was the author
of several articles in the Cyclopaedia of Practical Medi-
cine ; he contributed largely to one of the leading medi-
cal reviews, and was the author of —
Medical Essays on Fever, Inflammation, Rheumatism, Diseases
of the Heart, &c. 8vo. Lond. 1828.
A Defence of Revealed Religion, comprising a Vindication of the
Miracles of the Old and New Testaments from the attacks of
Rationalists and Infidels. 8vo. Lond. 1851.
Memories of the Past, and Thoughts on the Present Age. 8vo.
Lond. 1863.
The Food of the People. A Letter to Henry Feuwick, Esq., M.P.,
with a Postscript on the Diet of Old Age. 8vo. Lond. 1865.
Edmund Lambert, M.D., was of Pembroke college,
Cambridge. He proceeded M.B. 1822, had a licence
ad practicandum, 1824, and commenced M.D. in 1827.
1824] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 285
He was admitted an J nceptor- Candidate of the College
of Physicians 25th June, 1824, a Candidate 30th Sep-
tember, 1827, and a Fellow 30th September, 1828. He
died 20th July, 1877.
George Bryan Panton, M.B., was born in the West
Indies, and educated at University college, Oxford, as a
member of which house he proceeded A.B. 16th May,
1817, A.M. 20th May, 1820, M.B. 9th June, 1821. He
was admitted an Inceptor-Candidate of the College of
Physicians 25th June, 1824.
Joseph Ayre, M.D., was born at Lynn, in Norfolk,
in 1781. At fourteen years of age he went to sea, but
subsequently entered a mercantile office as a clerk. In
1803 he applied himself to medicine, the study of which
he commenced at G-uy's and St. Thomas's hospitals.
The following year he went to Edinburgh, where he
graduated doctor of medicine 24th June, 1807 (D.M.I.
de Temperatarao efPectibus). He settled at Hull, and
was elected physician to the infirmary there. He was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25 th
June, 1824, and then removed to London, but in sequel
to a severe injury to his head, his health gave way, and
he had to leave town. He returned to Hull, where he
listed generally esteemed and respected. In November,
1859, he was elected a Fellow of the College, but did
not live to be admitted. He survived only a. few weeks,
and died at Hull 15th January, 1860, in his seventy-
ninth year. Dr. Ayre was the author of —
Practical Observations on those Disorders of the Liver and other
Organs of Digestion which produce the Bilious Complaint. 8vo.
Lond. 1821.
Researches into the Nature and Treatment of Dropsy in the
Brain, Chest, Abdomen, Ovarium, and Skin. 8vo. Lond. 1825.
On the Treatment of Cholera by Calomel. 8vo. Lond.
On the Treatment of Dropsy in the Brain. 8vo. Lond.
William La^nden Hopkinson, M.D., was born in
Northamptonshire, and graduated doctor of medicine
286 BOLL OF THE [1824
at Edinburgh 2nd August, 1819 (D.M.I, de Sanguinis
Vitalitate). He was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians 25th June, 1824, and settling at Stamford,
CO. Lincoln, was appointed physician to the Stamford and
Rutland General infirmary. He died 24th June, 1875,
at his residence, St. Martin's, Stamford, in his seventy-
ninth year.
Francis Hawkins, M.D., was born at Bisley, in
Gloucestershire, of which parish his father, the Rev.
Edward Hawkins (youngest son of Sir Caesar Hawkins,
bart., a successful and eminent surgeon), was the vicar.
His father was afterwards rector of Kelston, in Somer-
setshire, and left at his decease a young but numerous
family, of whom three have achieved distinction in their
respective professions, viz., the Rev. Edward Hawkins,
D.D., the present provost of Oriel college, Oxford, and
prebendary of Rochester ; the subject of our present
notice ; and Mr. Csesar Hawkins, long surgeon to St.
George's hospital, and Serjeant surgeon to the queen.
Dr. Francis Hawkins received his early education at
Merchant Taylor's school, and was elected thence in
1812 a probationary fellow of St. Johns college, Ox-
ford. He gained the Newdigate prize in 1813, and as
a member of St. John's proceeded B.C.L. 28th January,
1819, M.B. 2nd June, 1820, M.D. 16th April, 1823.
He was admitted an Inceptor-Candidate of the College
of Physicians 16th April, 1821, a Candidate 30th Sep-
tember, 1823, and a Fellow 30th September, 1824.
Dr. Hawkins was elected physician to the Middlesex
hospital 18th December, 1824, and was selected to fill
the important office of professor of the theory and prac-
tice of medicine in King's college, London, in the arrange-
ments for opening that institution as a medical school,
in 1831. The latter appointment he resigned in 1836 ;
that at the Middlesex hospital in 1858 ; on which occa-
sion a portrait of Dr. Hawkins, which had been painted
at the request of the students of the Middlesex hospi-
tal, was presented by them to the governors, and placed
1824] KOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 287
in the board room of that institution. Dr. Hawkiiis
was physician to the royal household during the whole
reign of William IV, an office he now holds in the house-
hold of her Majesty the Queen. For many years he
was physician in ordinary to her late royal highness the
duchess of Gloucester.
Dr. Hawkins's name is inseparably connected with
the College of Physicians with which he was for so
long a period officially and honourably associated. He
was Gulstonian lecturer in 1826, and in that capacity
delivered the first lecture ever heard in the present
college in Pall-mall East. He served the office of
Censor in 1827, was Croonian lecturer in 1827, 1828,
1829; Lumleian lecturer in 1832, 1834, 1840, 1841;
Harveian orator 1848 ; he was constituted an Elect 14th
November, 1850, and was Consiliarius in 1859, 1860,
1861, 1863, 1864, 1865, and 1869. But the great
event in Dr. Hawkins's connection with the College
of Physicians was in the capacity of Registrar, to
which important office he was elected on the 30th
September, 1829. He served the College in that office
for the long period of twenty-nine years, and resigned
it, to the regret of all his colleagues, in 1858, when he
was chosen Pegistrar of the General Council of Medical
Education and Registration. We read in the Annals,
under the date of December 11, 1858, that "The Fel-
lows of the College desire to record how deeply sen-
sible they are of the able and zealous manner in which
Dr. Francis Hawkins has so long and faithfully dis-
charged the duties of Registrar of the College ; and
upon his resignation of that office, they tender to him
their best thanks, and assure him that they will ever
retain a grateful remembrance of the eminent services
he has rendered to the College :" and on the 25th June,
1859, it was unanimously resolved, on the proposition
of the President, " That the sum of one hundred guineas
be presented to Dr. Francis Hawkins, to purchase a
piece of plate, as a token of the high estimate enter-
tained by the College of the eminent services rendered
288 ROLL OF THE [1824
by him for thirty years as Registrar." Dr. Hawkins
continued the Registrar of the General Medical Council
for eighteen years, resigning that office in 1876, and
with marks of approval and respect from the members
of the Council similar to those which had been ex-
pressed for him by the Fellows of our College in 1859.
On the 5th June, 1876, it was moved at the Council,
seconded and carried by acclamation, " That the Gene-
ral Medical Council, whilst accepting Dr. Hawkins's
resignation of the registrarship, desire to express their
deep sense of the courtesy and ability with which he
has for eighteen years discharged his duties to the
Council. The Council beg Dr. Hawkins to accept this
resolution as a sincere acknowledgment of the great
value of his services.'' And the Finance Committee of
the General Council in their Report of the 17th May,
1877, agreed to by the Council on the 24th of that
month, say, " The Committee is unwilling to believe
that the Council, when it expressed to its late Regis-
trar on his retirement the deep sense it entertained of
the courtesy and ability with which for eighteen years
he discharged his duties to the Council, desired that no
other acknowledgment of his valuable services should
be offered to him. On the contrary, the committee be-
lieves that it speaks the general wish of the Council in
recommending that two hundred guineas be presented
by the Council to its late Registrar, Dr. Hawkins, in
recognition of his long and faithful services." Dr. Haw-
kins is the author of —
Lectures on RheTimatism and some Diseases of the Heart and
other Internal Organs. 8vo. Lond. 1826.
John William Calvert, M.D., was born in Not-
tinghamshire and graduated doctor of medicine at
Edinburgh 1st August, 1820 (D.M.I, de Vaccinae
Verse testimoniis). He was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 30th September, 1824, and
died at his country residence, Smilesworth, in York-
shire, on the 2nd January, 1859, aged seventy-four.
1824] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 289
Thomas Davies, M.D., was born in Carmarthen-
shire, and at a very early age was brought to London,
where he received his general education. He com-
menced the study of medicine at the London hospital
under the direction of his maternal uncle, Mr. Price,
the apothecary of that institution. He was for two
years in general practice in the immediate vicinity of
the hospital, when his health gave way and symptoms
of consumption showing themselves he was advised to
seek a southern climate. He went to Montpelier and
to Paris, and his health having much improved, he be-
came a student at the Necker hospital under Laennec,
then at the summit of his reputation. Having acquired
a thorough knowledge of auscultation from its disco-
verer, and graduated doctor of medicine at Paris 8th
December, 1821, he returned to London, was admit-
ted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th Sep-
tember, 1824, and commenced practice as a physi-
cian in the city. Dr. Davies soon made a reputation
with the medical profession by a course of lectures on
diseases of the lungs and heart, which he delivered at
his residence in New Broad-street. In these lectures,
which were marked by practical good sense, he ex-
plained Laennec's great discovery, and was the first to
bring into notice in this country the new method of
diagnosis. His lectures were attended by large num-
bers of the profession, and so high was the opinion
formed of his worth and abilities, that on the recom-
mendation of Dr. Billing, an additional office was cre-
ated for him at the London hospital, that of assistant
physician, to which he was elected 5th December,
1827. He did not live to become physician to the
hospital. Dr. Davies was admitted a Fellow of the
College of Physicians 4th July, 1838, and dying 30th
May, 1839, aged forty-seven, was buried in the church-
yard of St. Botolph's, Bishopsgate, His lectures on
the diseases of the lungs and heart, which had appeared
in the London Medical Gazette, were published in one
volume 8vo. 1835.
VOL. III. TJ
290 ROLL OF the' [1824
George Man Burrows, M.D., was bom in 1771, at
Chalk, near Gravesend, and received his early educa-
tion at the King's school, Canterbury ; whence he was
removed in his sixteenth year and apprenticed to Mr.
Eichard Thompson, a surgeon apothecary at Eochester.
In 1793 he entered at Guy's and St. Thomas's hospitals,
and having been admitted a member of the Corporation
of Surgeons and of the Society of Apothecaries, com-
menced general practice in London. Whilst thus en-
gaged, his attention was directed to the absence in this
country of any provision for testing the medical acquire-
ments of the general practitioner ; and in conjunction
with some of the most respectable members of that
order, he organised the Association of Surgeon- Apothe-
caries of England and Wales, the object of which as
stated by themselves was " to improve the education
and render more respectable their own body." Of this
Association Dr. Burrows was elected chairman. In that
capacity he laboured for three years with untiring zeal,
but to the detriment of his private interests and to the
injury of his health. The efforts of the Association re-
sulted in the passing of the Apothecaries Act of 1815.
The Association then dissolved itself; but before doing
so, the memibers expressed their sincere thanks to their
chairmaD, and requested his acceptance of five hundred
guineas as some compensation for the time he had de-
voted to their service. On the formation of the first
court of examiners of the Society of Apothecaries, Dr.
Burrows was appointed one of the members, but from
this ofiice he soon retired.
In 1816 he withdrew from general practice, and con-
fined himself to the treatment of insanity. He opened
a small asylum for a select number of patients at Chel-
sea, and in 1823 a larger establishment, the Ee treat, at
Clapham. On the 3rd July, 1824, he was created doctor
of medicine by the university of St. Andrew's, and on the
30th September following was admitted a Licentiate of
the CoUege of Physicians. By this time Dr. Burrows'
views on insanity were fully matured, and in 1828 he
1824J ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 291
published his valuable *' Commentaries on the Causes,
Forms, Sym.ptoms and Treatment, Moral and Medical,
of Insanity/' 8vo. Lond. pp. 716. This was by far
the most complete and practical treatise on insanity
that had then appeared in this country, and was gene-
rally approved by the medical press. Dr. Burrows was
admitted a Fellow of the College of Physicians SOth
September, 1839. He died 29tli October, 1846, in the
seventy-sixth year of his age, and was buried in High-
gate cemetery. A portrait of Dr. Burrows is at Apo-
thecaries hall. He was one of the founders and editors
of the London Medical Kepository begun in January,
1814, which soon obtained an extensive circulation at
home and abroad. In addition to the Commentaries
above mentioned, he was the author of —
Observations on the Comparative Mortality of London and Paris.
8vo. Lond. 1815.
Cursory Remarks on Legislative Regulation of the Insane. 8vo.
Lond. 1819.
An Inquiry into Certain Errors relative to Insanity and their
Consequences, Physical, Moral and Civil. 8vo. Lond. 1820.
A Letter to Sir Henry Halford, Bart., K.C.H. 8vo. Lond.
1830.
Sir Thomas Watson, Bart., M.D., LL.D., D.C.L.,
is descended from a family long settled in Northumber-
land, but was born in 1792 at Kentisbeare, a village
near Honiton, in Devonshire, where his father, Mr.
Joseph Watson, was then temporarily residing. He
received his early education at the grammar school
of Bury St. Edmund's, whence he was transferred to
St. John's college, Cambridge, of which house his uncle,
ex parte materna, the Bev. Thomas Catton, was then
a fellow. He graduated A.B. 1815, and was tenth
wrangler; was elected a fellow of St. John's 1816;
proceeded A.M. 1818 ; and in the following year com-
menced the study of medicine at St. Bartholomew's
hospital. He passed the session of 1821-2 at Edin-
burgh ; had a licence ad practicandum from Cambridge
in 1822 ; was proctor of the university in 1823 ; and
TJ 2
292 ROLL OF THE [1824
graduated M.D. in 1 825. He was admitted an Inceptor-
Candidate of the College of Physicians 22nd Decem-
ber, 1824, a Candidate 14th July, 1825, and a Fellow
30th September, 1826. He was Gulstonian lecturer
in 1827;^Censor 1828, 1887, 1838 ; Lumleian lecturer
1830, 1831 ; Lecturer on Materia Medica at the Col-
lege in 1833, 1834 and 1835, and Consiharius in 1836,
1840, 1841, 1842, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1850, 1851, 1852,
1854, 1855, 1856, 1861, 1868. Sir Thomas Watson
was elected to the important office of Representative of
the College in the General Council of Medical Education
and Registration on the original constitution of that
body in 1858 ; but he resigned his seat, to the regret
of the fellows of the College, in 1860. Finally, he was
elected President of the College in 1862, and continued
in that office for five years.
Sir Thomas Watson was appointed physician to the
Middlesex hospital 24th May, 1827, and in the arrange-
ments of the university of London, now University
college, as a school of medicine, was nominated to the
chair of clinical medicine. He held that appointment
for one year only, when his services were transferred to
King's college. He was chosen professor of forensic
medicine, and held that office until called upon by the
council of King's college in 1836, to accept of the more
important chair of the principles and practice of medi-
cine. His lectures in that capacity at once established
his reputation, and their publication in the London
Medical Gazette, and subsequently in two volumes,"^'
sufficed to place him in the first rank of his profession.
The retirement of Dr. Chambers about 1848 left Sir
Thomas Watson the acknowledged head of the medical
profession in this country. He resigned his chair at
King's college in 1840, and his office to the Middlesex
hospital in 1843. He was appointed physician extra-
* Few medical works have been more successful titan this. It
has pjissed through five large editions, and has enjoyed a greater
pjjpularity with students and practitioners than any similar book
since the First Lines of Dr. CuUen.
1824] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 293
ordinary to the Queen in 1859, and as such, in con-
junction with Sir William Jenner and Sir Henry Holland,
was called into medical attendance on the prince Con-
sort in his last illness. He was created a baronet in
1866, and was appointed physician in ordinary to the
queen in 1870.
Sir Thomas Watson survives, the Nestor of English
physicians ; esteemed by the whole medical profession,
and beloved by those of that body who have known
him the best, the members of the Royal College of Phy-
sicians, with which institution he has been so long, so
intimately, and so honourably associated. He is an
honorary doctor of laws of Cambridge ; an honorary
fellow of St. John's college in that university ; an hono-
rary doctor of civil law of Oxford ; and an honorary
fellow of the King and Queen's college of Physicians of
Ireland. His portrait, by Richmond, is at the College.
It was painted at the request of a number of the fel-
lows, who were desirous of thus testifying their affection
for Sir Thomas Watson ; and was by them presented
to the College.
Geoege Leith Roupell, M.D., was born of a wealthy
family, originally from Hesse-Cassel, where it flourished
in great local importance for centuries, and where it
still exists under the name of Rtipell. The first of the
family who settled in England was Capt. Roupell, an
officer in William Ill's guards, who accompanied that
monarch from Holland in 1688, and whose widow re-
ceived a pension. "^'^ Our physician was the eldest son
of George Boon Roupell, esq., of Chart Ham park,
county Sussex, an eminent member of the English bar,
and for some years one of the masters in Chancery, by
his wife Frances Bro^-ne, youngest daughter of Robert
McCulloch, esq., of Charlton, Kent. He was born 18th
September, 1797, and was educated at Greenwich under
Dr. Burney, and at Caius college, Cambridge. He
gained a Tancred studentship, and proceeded M.B. 1820,
* Burke's Landed Gentry, sub nomiue Roupell of Charlton.
294 ROLL OF THE [1824
M.D. 1825. He was admitted an Inceptor-Candidate
of the College of Physicians 22nd December, 1824, a
Candidate 14th July, 1825, and a Fellow 30th Septem-
ber, ] 826. He was Censor in 1829, 1837, 1838 ; Croo-
nian lecturer 1832 ; lecturer on Materia Medica at the
College in 1837, 1838, 1839 ; and Consiliarius in 1837.
Dr. Eoupell's first medical appointment was that of phy-
sician to the Dreadnought hospital ship, but on the
19th June, 1834, he was appointed physician to St.
Bartholomew s hospital. He died 2 9th September, 1854,
from cholera, after an illness of only twenty-six hours.
He had been over to Boulogne to visit a near relative
then ill with that disease, and had returned suffering
from diarrhoea. His premonitory symptoms were so
slight that on the morning of his attack he went through
his usual duties at the hospital, and seemed in good
health and spirits. Dr. Boupell's "public life was that
of an upright and honourable man, and in private he
was courteous, kind, and generous, almost to a fault.
Habits of close industry, together with deep interest in
the subjects of his study, stood him in the place of
brilliancy of intellect, and furnished him with a rare
extent of professional knowledge."'" Dr. Boupell suc-
ceeded to the family estates of Chart Ham park, Sussex,
and Charlton, county Kent, on the death of his father
in January, 1838, and himself, dying unmarried, was suc-
ceeded by his brother, Eobert Prioleau Boupell, a bencher
of Lincoln's-inn. Dr. Eoupell was the author of —
Lectures on Cholera. 8vo. Lond. 1833.
Treatise on Typhus Fever. 8vo. Lond. 1839.
Illustrations of the Effects of Poisons ; the plates from drawings
by G. M. McWhinnie. Folio. Lond. 1833.
John Whiting, M.D., a native of Norfolk, and a
doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 1st August, 1816
(p.M.I. de Sanguine ^Egrorum), was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 22nd December, 1824.
He practised for a time with considerable success in
* Medical Times of 7th October, 1854.
1824] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 295
South wark, but about 1842 withdrew to the country,
first to Lynn, in Norfolk, and eventaally to Ramsgate,
where he died 30th December, 1873, in his eighty-third
year. Dr. Whiting was one of the contributors to the
Cyclopaedia of Practical Medicine.
Thomas Cox, M.D., was the son of a well-known
medical bookseller and pubhsher in Southwark. He
received his medical education at the Borough hospitals
and at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of medi-
cine 1st August, 1823 (D.M.I, de Enteritide). He was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 22nd
December, 1824, but did not long survive, and died at
Chelsea 20th August, 1828. He was the author of —
Observations on Acute E/heumatism. 8vo. Lend.
EoBERT Ferguson, M.D., was born in India, 15th
November, 1799. He was the son of Mr. Robert Fer-
guson of the Indian Civil service, and a grand nephew
of Adam Ferguson, the author of the " History of the
Eoman Eepubhc." He was educated under Dr. Crombie,
author of the " Gymnasium," a standard work in Latin
literature, and was at first intended for the army, but
his father s pecuniary losses made it expedient that he
should devote himself to physic. He began its study in
London under the guidance of his relative Dr. George
Bicketts Nuttall, with whom he lived in Dean-street,
Soho, whilst attending the lectures of Mr. James Wilson
and others at the Hunterian school in Great Windmill-
street. After passing some time at Heidelberg, where
he obtained a good knowledge of German literature
and habits of thought, he proceeded to Edinburgh,
worked there with much diligence, and made many
friends, literary as well as medical, and among these
Sir Walter Scott and his distinguished son-in-law, Mr.
Lockhart. He graduated doctor of medicine at Edin-
burgh 1st August, 1823 (D.M.I, de Vita Sanguinis).
Dr. Ferguson then returned to London, bringing with
296 ROLL OF THE [1824
him letters of introduction and recommendation from
Lockhart ; among these one to Mr. Murray, the emi-
nent publisher in Albemarle-street, through whose kind
offices he soon became known to a distinguished lite-
rary circle. With a view to increase his practical know-
ledge of disease and to benefit by the bedside teaching
of one of the soundest practical physicians of that day,
Dr. Robert Hooper, he accepted the appointment of
resident medical officer of the Marylebone infirmary.
From Dr. Hooper he learnt also much of pharmacy
and of the art of prescribing, and to him he owed many
of those strange resources and prescriptions on which,
to the surprise of many of his contemporaries, but having
fully satisfied himself of their value in the treatment
of disease. Dr. Ferguson was wont to rely with entire
confidence, in some of the gravest emergencies of
medical practice.
Dr. Ferguson was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 22nd December, 1824, and com-
menced business in London, devoting himself to mid-
wifery. He had the good fortune to attract the notice
and secure the friendship of Dr. Gooch, by whom he
was patronised, and to a considerable portion of whose
business he succeeded. Dr. Ferguson was well qaali-
fied by the attractions of person and courteous manner,
by Hterary skill and facility of various learning,"'' and
hj considerable practical tact in the use of remedies to
make the most of the introduction to good practice
thus early afforded him. He was soon appointed phy-
sician to the Westminster Lying-in hospital, and was
nominated to the chair of midwifery at King's college
on the opening of the medical department of that
institution in 1831. Dr. Ferguson was admitted a Fel-
low of the College of Physicians 3rd July, 1837 ; was
Censor in 1844 and 1845, and Consiliarius in 1857,
1858, 1859. He was appointed physician accoucheur
to the queen in 1840, and for several years shared with
iSir Charles Locock the highest midwifery business in
* Sir James Paget.
1824] KOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 29^
tlie metropolis. In 1857 he withdrew from that depart-
ment of practice, resigned his appointment of physician
accoucheur, and was gazetted physician extraordinary
to the queen. His success as a general physician Was
fully equal to his wishes, and his business as such was
only limited by his physical incapacity of doing more.
His health began to give way some four years before
his death, which occurred at his country residence,
Ascot cottage, Winkfield, near Windsor, 25th June,
1865, aged sixty-five. *' Dr. Ferguson," writes Sir
Thomas Watson,'"' '^ was endowed by nature with a
goodly presence. He possessed, moreover, a very
powerful intellect, a highly cultivated mind, great
literary taste and acquirements, and a remarkably
strong will — gifts and attainments which, in their
separate existence, conduce in no small degree to suc-
cess in human affairs, and which are certain, humanly
speaking, to command it when combined in the same
person. And Dr. Ferguson, by the mere force of his
personal and mental qualities, did achieve eminent
success. He broke loose early by a strenuous effort,
from the advantages and from the trammels of a depart-
ment of practice which, though highly useful, honour-
able, and honoured, is still of necessity, in its highest
sphere, what in modern parlance is called a specialite.
Kelinquishing very lofty ground in that department, he
committed himself boldly and prosperously to the chances
of general practice, as a physician, in its widest sense
and highest pretensions ; and he attained his object.
He furnished one of very few instances of great success
in that way in this town, without the previous and al-
most essential condition of having held the office of phy-
sician to a great general hospital. His antecedents had
been propitious. He had enjoyed the intimate friend-
ship of such men as Sir Walter Scott — as Sir Walter's
distinguished son-in-law, John Gibson Lockhart — as
Dean Mihnan. He counted among his personal friends
* Address to the Royal College of Physicians, 2Gth March,
1866.
298 ROLL OF THE [1824
the poet Wordsworth, Henry Taylor, Washington
Irving, and many others of like literary distinction ; and
thus perhaps he had become well fitted for the large
practice which he ultimately obtained among the aris-
tocratic portion of our countrymen. Most of his actual
patients gave him their unbounded confidence. He had
the faculty — whether it be, in a worldly point of view,
a desirable faculty or no, I will not stop to consider — •
but he had in an uncommon degree the faculty of trans-
forming patients into admiring friends. " I may men-
tion," continues Sir Thomas Watson, " as one instance
of this, that almost the first thing which the late Lord
Palmerston said to me when he became my patient,
was, * I have lost in Ferguson not only an able physi-
cian, but a personal friend.' He was held in the same
estimation, I have reason to believe, by the great chief
of the other political party. Lord Derby. He was
struck down suddenly, in the full exercise of an honour-
able and lucrative career, by an attack of epileptiform
convulsions, which shattered his strength and abated
his spirit, and at length, by their frequent repetition,
brought his life to an untimely close in about two years
from the first onset of his malady." Dr. Ferguson is
said to have set on foot the London Medical Gazette.
He was a frequent contributor to the Quarterly Ee-
view.''^ He edited Dr. Gooch's works for the New
Sydenham Society ; was the author of the History of
Insects in the Family Library ; of some admirable arti-
cles on Diseases of the Uterus in the Library of Medi-
cine ; and of an Essay on Puerperal Fever. 8vo. Lond.
1839.
♦ The following articles in the Quarterly Review were by Dr.
Ferguson : — No. 81, Gooch on Insanity ; 91, Directions in case of
Pestilence; 97, Sir Henry Halford's Essays and Orations; 113,
Latham on Diseases of the Chest; 131, PubHc Health; 139, Colliers
and Collieries ; 143, Sir Charles Bell; 163, Pentonville Prisoners;
184, Pentonville; 191, Brodie's Psychological Inquiries. These
articles were spread over twenty years, and each of them was felt
at the time of publication. See Medical Times and Gazette, July
15, 1870, p. 79.
1824] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 299
John Boote James, M.D., a native of London, and
a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 2nd August, 1824
(D.M.I, de Vi Noctis in corpus humanum), was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 22nd
December, 1824.
Henry Harington, M.D., was born in the East
Indies, and was the son of Mr. J. H. Harington, a mem-
ber of council in Bengal. He received his medical edu-
cation at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of me-
dicine 2nd August, 1824 (D.M.I, de Menorrhagia). He
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
22nd December, 1824. Dr. Harington died at Pisa lOtli
April, 1850.
Sir Eichard Dobson, M.D., was born in Yorkshire,
and educated as a surgeon. In May, 1795, he entered
the navy, and after serving at Haslar hospital and in
the West Indies was transferred to H.M. ship "Lively,"
of which ship he was surgeon in the memorable engage-
ment off Cadiz, when the " Lively," in conjunction with
three other frigates, succeeded in capturing four Spanish
galleons, with an immense treasure on board. On his
return home in 1809, he was appointed surgeon to the
*' Trusty" hospital ship in the Medway, and lor the skill
and humanity displayed by him to the Russian and
Danish sailors while in charge of this hospital, he was
presented with two valuable diamond rings by the em-
peror of Russia and the king of Denmark, and at the
same time was made a knight of the orders of St.
Vladimir of Russia and St. Danebrog of Denmark. In
1814 he was appointed surgeon to the Royal Marine
infirmary at Chatham, the duties of which he continued
to discharge until 1824, when he was appointed surgeon
to Greenwich hospital. He was created doctor of me-
dicine by the university of St. Andrew's 13th Decem-
ber, 1824, was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 22nd December, 1824, and was knighted by
William lY 17th August, 1831. Sir Richard Dobson
300 ROLL OF THE [1825
resigned his office at Greenwich hospital in June, 1844,
when, after a service of forty-nine years, he retired on
full pay. He died 1st September, 1847, in Gloucester-
place, aged seventy-four.
James Don, M.D., was bom in Angusshire. He
studied medicine at Edinburgh in 1816, 1817, and 1818,
and entered the medical service of the East India com-
pany, becoming eventually surgeon general of the Bom-
bay army. He was created doctor of medicine at Aber-
deen 18th December, 1824, and was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 22nd December, 1824.
He died at Brechin 18th July, 1864.
John Carr Badeley, M.D., >ras the eldest son of
John Badeley, M.D., a distinguished, physician of
Chelmsford, by his wife Charlotte, a daughter of Carr
Brackenbury, esq. He was educated at the grammar
school of Chelmsford, and at Caius college, Cambridge,
as a member of which house he proceeded M.B. 1817 ;
M.D. 1822. Dr. Badeley was admitted a Candidate of
the College of Physicians 22nd December, 1823, a
Fellow 22nd January, 1825 ; was Censor in 1827, and
Harveian Orator in 1849. He died at Chelmsford 22nd
September, 1851.
Thomas Dowler, M.D., was born in London, and
after the usual scholastic education entered on the
study of medicine, which he pursued chiefly at Edin-
burgh, where he graduated doctor of medicine 2nd
August 1824 (D.M.I, de Rheumatismo acuto). He
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
4th February, 1825, and a Fellow 11th July, 1843.
He died at his house in Devonshire-place, 9th July,
1855.
William Milligan, M.D., a native of Ireland, and
a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 1st August, 1822
(D.M.I. de Cholera epidemica), was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 4tli February, 1825.
1825] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 301
He died suddenly at his house . in Bentinck- terrace,
Eegent's-park, 2nd September, 1851.
Sm William Whymper, M.D., a native of Suffolk,
and a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 1st August,
1822 (D.M.I, de Ophthalmia Membranarum), was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 4th
February, 1825. Prior to this he had served for many
years in the army, and had seen much active service,
having been present at the battles of Oporto, Talavera
(where he was taken prisoner), Busaco, Vittoria, the
passage of the Bidassoa, the siege of Sebastian, and at
Waterloo. He was knighted in 1832, and retired on
half-pay in 1836. Sir William Whymper died at
Dover, 26th November, 1850, aged sixty-five.
Harry William Carter, M.D., was born at Canter-
bury, of a family that had given several generations of
very distinguished physicians to that city. He was
the son of William Carter, M.D., a former fellow of
Oriel college, Oxford, who died in 1822, by his first
wife, Mary, daughter of Lancelot Lee, of Cotton hall,
Salop, esq., and was born 7th September, 1787. He
was educated at the King's school of Canterbury, from
which he went to Oriel college, Oxford, as a member
of which he graduaterl A.B. 3rd January, 1807; A.M.
13th June, 1810 ; M.B. 24th October, 1811. In April,
1812, he was elected one of the Badcliffe travelling
fellows, and as such spent some years on the continent.
He was admitted an Inceptor-Candidate of the College
of Physicians 8th April, 1816 ; graduated M.D. at
Oxford, 20th February, 1819, was admitted a Candi-
date of the College 12th April, 1824, and a Fellow
28th March, 1825. Dr. Carter settled in his native
city, and in 1819 was appointed physician to the Kent
and Canterbury hospital, an office which he retained
until 1835, shortly after which he retired from the
active exercise of his profession, left Canterbury and
withdrew to Kennington hall, near Ashford, in the
302 BOLL OF THE [1825
same county, where he died 16th July, 1863, aged
seventy-six.
Dr. Carter contributed some essays to the Cyclopae-
dia of Practical Medicine, and was the author of—
A Short Account of some of the principal Hospitals of France,
Italy, Switzerland, and the Netherlands, with Remarks on the
Climate and Diseases of those Countries. 8vo. Lond. 1821.
CouRTHOPE Sims, M.D., was born in London. Edu-
cated at Trinity college, Cambridge, as a member of
which he proceeded M.B. 1818; M.D. 1823, he was
admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 1 2th
April, 1824, and a Fellow 28th March, 1825.
James Arthur Wilson, M.D., was born in London
in 1795, and is the son of Mr. James Wilson, a distin-
guished surgeon and teacher of anatomy at the Hun-
terian school in Great Windmill-street, the colleague
and successor as such of Dr. Matthew Baillie. Dr. Wilson
was admitted a king's scholar of St. Peter's college,
Westminster, in 1808. Elected to Christ church, Ox-
ford, in 1812, he graduated A.B. 6th December, 1815,
obtained a first class in the classical and mathematical
examinations, and proceeded A.M. 13th May, 1818;
M.B. 6th May, 1819, and M.D. 17th May, 1823. He
was elected a BadclifFe travelling fellow in June, 1821,
and having been nominated to a '* Faculty Student-
ship," remained a student of Christ church. In 1819
and 1820 he was in Italy in medical charge of lord and
lady Spencer; and in the early part of 1822 he left
England for the continent in compliance w^ith the re-
quirements of his Badcliffe fellowship, and with occa-
sional intervals was abroad for the ensuing five years.
Dr. Wilson was admitted a Candidate of the College of
Physicians 12th April, 1824, a Fellow 28th March, 1825,
and was Censor in 1828 and 1851. He delivered the
Materia Medica lectures at the College in 1829, 1830,
1831, 1832 ; the Lumleian lectures in 1847, 1848, ''On
Pain," and the Harveian Oration in 1850; the last
1825] ROYAL COLLEGE OP PHYSICIANS. 303
named one of the most original and noteworthy in
matter and in style of any that have been spoken within
the present century. Dr. Wilson is one of the very
few fellows of the College who at the time I am re-
ferring to, lectured on anatomy, a science which, fol-
lowing in the steps of his father, he taught earnestly
and well. To the period of his life when so occupied,
and to his " demonstrations" of structure with exposi-
tion of its corresponding use. Dr. Wilson in his retire-
ment, and now an octogenarian, looks back with satis-
faction, strong in the belief that the human body, with
life in or out of it, in its range and completeness of
organ and function, is a problem for poet and philo-
sopher, for all time to come. Dr. Wilson was elected
physician to St. George's hospital 29th May, 1829, and
resigned that office in 1857. He has for several years
withdrawn from practice and from London, and is now
residing at Redland's bank. South Holmwood, Dorking.
Dr. Wilson's portrait by E. Walker was engraved by W.
Walker. Under the signature of Maxilla (J. A. W.,
the initials of his name). Dr. Wilson contributed to the
London Medical Gazette of 1833 a series of charac-
teristic and interesting letters addressed to his friend
Vestibulus (Dr. George Hall, of Brighton). These let-
ters are memorable in the history of the College of Phy-
sicians ; for they struck the key-note for its reform,
and were earnestly followed up in the College itself by
Dr. Wilson and one or two other fellows for some suc-
cessive years, until the changes they advocated were
conceded. We have also from his pen a work —
On Spasm, Languor, Palsy, and other disorders termed Nervous,
of the Muscular System. 8vo. Lond. 1843.
Oratio Harveiana in ^dibus Collegii Medicorum habita die Junii
XXIX, MDCCCL. 8vo. Lond. 1850.
Francis Bisset Hawkins, M.D., was born in Lon-
don in 1796, and is the son of Mr. Adair Hawkins, a
distinguished London surgeon. He was educated in
the first instance at the schools of Dr. Burney and of
304 KOLL OF THE [1825
Dr. Morris, and then at Eton, from which he proceeded
to Exeter college, Oxford, and as a member of that
house graduated A.B. 26th November, 1818; A.M.
27th June, 1821 ; M.B. 6th July, 1822, and M.D. 12th
February, 1825. He was admitted an Inceptor- Candi-
date of the College of Physicians 28th March, 1825, a
Candidate 22nd December, 1825, and a Fellow 22nd
December, 1826. Dr. Bisset Hawkins was Gulstonian
lecturer in 1828, Censor in 1830, and Lumleian lecturer
in 1835. He was appointed professor of materia me-
dica at King s college on the opening of that insti-
tution, but resigned his chair there in 1835. Dr.
Hawkins has filled in succession the important offices
of factory commissioner, to which he was appointed in
1833 ; of inspector of prisons, in 1836 ; and of metropo-
litan commissioner in lunacy, in 1842. In 1847-48
he was commissioner for the government of the Model
prison at Pentonville, and in 1858 was appointed a
deputy lieutenant of Dorsetshire. In his Report on
the Health and Condition of the Manufacturing Dis-
tricts, he strongly recommended the diminution of the
hours of labour for children and women ; and suggested
the creation of public gardens or parks at Manchester,
all of which has been since amply accomplished. In
his Heports on Prisons he laboured to restrain and
limit the disposition which existed in powerful quarters
to adopt in all its entirety and rigour and duration the
American system of solitary imprisonment. And when
the government originally introduced the Act for the
Registration of Births and Deaths, Dr. Bisset Hawkins
was instrumental in obtaining the insertion of a column
containing the names of the diseases or causes by which
death was occasioned. At first the insertion was volun-
tary ; it has since been made compulsory ; and has
produced important additions to medical and statistical
science through the indefatigable labours of Dr. W.
Farr. Dr. Bisset Hawkins contributed the memoirs of
Mead, Huxham, Pringle, Fothergill, Heberden, Cullen,
Hunter, Warren, Jenner, to the " Lives of British
1825] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 305
Physicians," a volume of Murray's Family Library :
and lie is the author of —
The Elements of Medical Statistics. 8vo. Lond. 1829.
The History of the Epidemic Spasmodic Cholera of Russia. 8vo.
Lond. 1831.
Germany ; the Spirit of her History, Literature, National Eco-
nomy, and Social Condition. 8vo. Lond. 1838.
Reports on the Factory Commission. Lond. 1833.
Reports on the Prisons of the Southern and Western Districts of
England from 1836 to 1842. Folio. Lond.
Christopher John Eobert Allatt, M.D., was born
in the county of Middlesex, and educated at Trinity
college, Cambridge, as a member of which house he
proceeded M.B. in 1822, and on the 9th February,
1825, had a licence ad practicandum from the uni-
versity. He was admitted an Inceptor-Candidate of
the College of Physicians 28th March, 1825 ; graduated
doctor of medicine at Cambridge in 1827, was admitted
a Candidate of the College 1st October, 1827, and a
Fellow 30th September, 1828. Dr. Allatt practises at
Boulogne.
Edward Morton, M.D., was born in Middlesex,
and educated at Trinity college, Cambridge. He gra-
duated M.B. 1822 ; M.D. 1831; was admitted an In-
ceptor-Candidate of the CoUege of Physicians 28th
March, 1825, a Candidate 30th September, 1831, and
a Fellow 1st October, 1832. Dr. Morton died suddenly
from disease of the heart whilst taking a walk in the
neighbourhood of his residence. Hall Cliff house, Hor-
bury, CO. York, 7th August, 1859, aged sixty. He
was the author of—
Remarks on the Subject of Lactation. 8vo. Lond. 1831.
Leonard Stewart, M.D., was born in the Bermu-
das, and received his medical education at Edinburgh,
where he took his degree of doctor of medicine 2nd
August, 1819 (D.M.I. de Yi Consuetudinis in corpus
humanum nunc causa Morborum nunc Salutis prsesidio),
VOL. III. X
306 I^OLL OF THE [1825
and was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians 28th March, 1825. He died 26th February,
1849, aged fifty-one. Dr. Stewart was the author of—
Remarks on the Present State of the Medical Profession. 8vo.
Lond. 1826. .-..-on :, t -.
On the Tendency to Disease of Body and Mind m Refined Life.
12mo. Lond.
Modern Medicine influenced by Morbid Anatomy: an Oration
before the Medical Society of London; also an Apology for Medical
Nomenclature. 8vo. Lond. 1830.
Public Health : an Oration at the London Medical Society. 8vo.
Lond. 1844.
James Craig Someryille, M.D., a doctor of medi-
cine of Edinburgh of 1st August, 1820 (D.M.I. de Sy-
philide et ejus curatione sine Hydrargyro), was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 28th March,
1825. On the 10th August, 1832, he was appointed
inspector of anatomy for Middlesex, Kent, Surrey, and
the city of London. Dr. Somerville died at Pangborne
26th December, 1847, aged forty-eight.
John Waldron Watson, M.D., an Irishman and a
doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 1st August, 1822
(D.M.I, de Quinto Nervorum Pari), was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 28th March,
1825. He died at the dispensary in Fore-street, Crip-
plegate, 24th April, 1833, in the forty-fifth year of his
age.
John Overend, M.D., was the eldest son of Mr. Hall
Overend, a surgeon at Sheffield. He graduated doctor
of medicine at Edinburgh 2nd August, 1824 (D.M.I. de
Morbis quibus homines vel literis vel negotiis nimium
dediti frequenter plectuntur). He was admitted a Li-
centiate of the College of Physicians 28th March, 1825,
and commenced the exercise of his profession in the
city, where he remained for a few years, and then re-
moved to Don caster. He died at Bolsover-hill, co.
Derby, 21st July, 1832.
1825] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 307
Sir William Burnett, M.D., was born at Montrose
in 1779, and educated at the grammar school of that
town. He served an apprenticeship to a surgeon at
Montrose, and studied for a short time at Edinburgh,
but was soon appointed surgeon's mate to the '''Edgar,''
then with the North Sea squadron in Leith-roads, after
which he served as assistant-surgeon in the " Gohah,"
and was present at the action of St. Vincent and at the
siege of Cadiz. He was present at the battles of the
Nile and Trafalgar, and for his services was created
K.C.B., and had four war medals. He then had charge
for five years of the hospitals for prisoners of war at
Portsmouth and Forton, and in 1810 was appointed
physician and inspector of hospitals to the Mediterranean
fleet. In 1814 he undertook the medical charge of the
Bussian fleet in the Medway, and on the termination of
this duty, settled at Chichester as a physician. But
from this he was recalled in 1822, by the offer from
lord Melville of a seat at the Victualling Board as the
colleague of Dr. Weir, who was then in charge of the
medical department of the navy. Subsequently he be-
came physician general to the navy, and as such exerted
himself to the utmost in improving the service over
which he presided. He it was who first required from
the medical ofiicers periodical returns, nosologically ar-
ranged, to show the diseases in each hospital or ship on
every station, and the number of deaths from each dis-
ease. And it was mainly at his suggestion that Mel-
ville hospital was built, and to him is due the introduc-
tion of a milder and more merciful management of the
naval lunatics at Haslar. Lastly, it is believed that
much of the success which attended the prolonged strug-
gle of the assistant surgeons of the navy for their proper
position was owing to the continued support of their
claims by Sir William Burnett. In the year 1841 a
committee of naval medical officers met for the purpose
of offering Sir William Burnett a testimonial of the
sense they had of the benefits he had rendered, not only
to their own department, but to the service generally*
X 2
308 ROLL OF THE [1825
It took the form of a full-length portrait of himself,
painted by Sir Martin Shee, accompanied with a hand-
some service of plate. Sir William Burnett, on his re-
tirement from active hfe, returned to Chichester, v^here
he died on the 16th February, 1861. He was a doctor
of medicine of Aberdeen, was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 28th March, 1825, and a Fel-
low 9th July, 1836. He was Consiharius in 1845, 1846,
1847. He was knighted 25th May, 1831, and on the
13th April, 1835, was appointed physician in ordinary
to the king, and soon after received from the king the
knight commandership of the Hanoverian Guelphic
order, and the queen created him a knight commander
of the mihtary division of the order of the Bath. Sir
William Burnett was the author of —
An Account of the Bilious Remittent in tlie Mediterranean fleet
in 1810—1813. 8vo. Lond. 1814.
Official Report on tlie Fever in H.M.S. " Bann" on tlie coast of
Africa, and among the Royal Marines in the island of Ascension.
8vo. Lond. 1824.
William Stroud, M.D., was born at Bath 3rd July, i
1789, and after a sound scholastic education, appHed
himself to the study of medicine. He resided for seve-
ral years with Mr. Stocker, the apothecary of Guy's
hospital, and then proceeded to Edinburgh, where he
graduated doctor of medicine 2nd August, 1819 (D.M.I.
de Arthritide regulari). On leaving Edinburgh he
went to Paris, where he spent two years, and after an
extensive tour to Italy, settled in London. He was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 28 th
March, 1825. Dr. Stroud was a sound and judicious
physician, a person of literary tastes and extensive at-
tainments. He never did much in the way of private
practice. From an early period he took special interest
in biblical pursuits, and on them he expended a large
proportion of the zeal and energy of his maturer years.
He died suddenly of apoplexy 29th June, 1858, and
was buried in the cemetery at Highgate. Dr. Stroud
1825] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICLA.NS. 309
will be long remembered as the author of two works of
great learning and research —
A Treatise on the Physical Cause of the Death of Christ, and its
relation to the principles and practice of Christianity. 8vo. I^ond.
1847.
A Harmony of the Four Gospels. Lond.
James McDonnell, M.D., a doctor of medicine of
St. Andrew's of 3rd April, 1824, was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 28th March, 1825.
John Hannath, M.D,, was born in Lincolnshire,
and graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh 1st
August, 1821 (D.M.L de Cataracta). He was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 4th June,
1825. He died at Stamford 19th April, 1858, aged
sixty.
Benjamin Golding, M.D., a native of Essex, and a
doctor of medicine of St. Andrew's of the 6th Decem-
ber, 1823, was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 4th June, 1825. He was elected physician
to the West London infirmary, and at once applied his
energies and influence to the extension of that institu-
tion, which under his auspices was rebuilt and issued in
the Charing Cross hospital. Of this hospital he is
justly regarded as the founder. In addition to the office
of physician to the hospital, he held the somewhat
anomalous post of " director," the duties of which seem
to have been somewhat indefinite, and were never
clearly defined. His relations to the hospital as di-
rector were continued to the last. He died at the
Boltons, West Brompton, 21st June, 1863, aet. sixty-
nine. Dr. Golding was the author of —
An Historical Account of St. Thomas's Hospital, Soutbwark.
12mo. Lond. 1819.
Sm James McGrigok, Bart., M.D., K.C.B., was the
310 ROLL OF THE [1825
eldest son of Mr. Colquhoun McGrigor, a merchant of
Aberdeen by his wife Ann, the daughter of Lewis
Grant, Esq. of Lethendrey in Strathspey, Inverness-
shire. He was educated at the grammar school of
Aberdeen and at Marischal college, where he took a de-
gree in arts in 1788. He studied medicine for three
years at Aberdeen, and then at Edinburgh. In 1793
he came to London, and purchased his surgeoncy in the
88th regiment or Connaught rangers, and with them
proceeded first to Bergen op Zoom and Nimeguen, and
subsequently to the West Indies. In December, 1798,
he embarked for India, whence he was ordered to Egypt,
and on the cessation of hostilities with France returned
to Bombay. He returned to England in 1803, gradu-
ated doctor of medicine at Aberdeen 20th February,
1804, and on the recommendation of his friends. Sir
Walter Farquhar and Sir Gilbert Blane, published his
" Medical Sketches of the Expedition to Egypt from
India.'' 8vo. Lond. 1804. About this time he was
appointed deputy inspector of hospitals, and was sent to
Walcheren to succeed Sir John Webb as head of the
medical staff there. In 1811 he proceeded to the Pe-
ninsula in the like capacity as chief of the medical staff
under Lord Wellington ; was present at the capture of
Badajoz, at the storming of Burgos and St. Sebastian,
and at the battles of Yittoria and of the Pyrenees.
His services in the Peninsula were cordially acknow-
ledged. The Duke of Wellington in a despatch to the
Ear] of Liverpool dated 8th April, 1812, wrote of Dr.
McGrigor thus : — " I have every reason to be satisfied
with the manner in which he conducted the depart-
ment under his direction, and I consider him one of the
most industrious, able, and successful public servants I
have ever met with." He received the honour of
knighthood, and the medical officers of the army who
had served under him in the Peninsula evinced their
sense of his merits by presenting to him in 1814 a
costly service of plate of the value of one thousand
guineas. It bore the following inscription : —
1825] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 311
Jacobo M'Grigor, Equiti, M.D.
Coll : Reg : Med : Edin : Soc :
Societ : Reg : Edin : Sod :
Nosocomiorum Regalium Inspectori General!
Viro admodnni insignito
sive acumen ingenii nativum respicias
sive strennam illam atque indefessam
muneribus inspectoriis navatam operam ;
in qnibus apud Lusitaniam, Hispaniam, Galliam
longe lateque fungendis
non bono solum, publico cum integritate prope singular!,
verum etiam sociis suis co-operantibus
comitate quadam et benignitate propria
nunquara non consuluerit ;
cui denique sacros Hygeiee fontes aperire
atque Artis medendi divina studia
vim semulam ingenuas apud scientias eliciendo
promovere feliciter omnino contigerit :
hocce monumentum, quale quale pignus !
summae in ducem suum dignissimum observantiee
sacrum ac perenne vult
Status Major Nosocomiensis
Wellingtonianus
Anno Dom : 1814.*
Sir James McGrigor's services abroad were now con-
cluded, and he made arrangements for settling in Lon-
don, where he proposed practising as a physician. But
in 1815 he was appointed a member of the Armj Me-
dical Board, and a few months after when that Board
was thoroughly remodelled, was placed at the head of
it as Director- General of the Army Medical Depart-
ment. In this responsible position he continued for
the long period of thirty-four years. Sir James McGri-
gor when installed as Director-General, proceeded at
once to carry out a long-cherished idea of instituting a
system of medical reports and returns, essentially sta-
tistical in character, with the view to make them of
permanent use to the service, and form therewith a col-
lection of constantly available records, calculated to
advance the interests of science and the general im-
provement of the medical officers of the army. He
* Gent. Mag. for 1815, vol. Ixxxv, pt. i, p. 79.
312 ROLL OF THE [1825
pursued this course with persistent zeal during the
whole of his long tenure of office, and when he resigned
the director-generalship he left a most valuable collec-
tion of records amounting to some three hundred and
fifty folio volumes. Sir James M'Grigor took early
measures for the formation at Fort Pitt, Chatham, of
the Museum of anatomy and natural history, and to
his unremitting exertions and liberality that museum
is chiefly indebted for its prosperous condition. About
the year 1822 he attached a library to the museum at
Fort Pitt, made to it repeated gifts of books, and on
one occasion bestowed upon it no less than fifteen hun-
dred volumes. It was Sir James M'Grigor, too, who
originally planned and largely aided in the establish-
ment of the Army Medical Friendly Society, and, some-
what later, of the Army Medical Benevolent Society,
the benefits of which to the medical officers of the army
and their families have been great. Sir James M'Grigor
retired from his directorship in 1851, when a valedic-
tory address, indicating many of the benefits which he
had conferred on the department, and signed by up-
wards of five hundred army medical officers, was pre-
sented to him in the presence of a large circle of friends.
Sir James M'Grigor died in London 2nd April, 1858,
within a few days of completing his eighty-eighth year.
During his tenure of office Sir James M'Grigor re-
ceived numerous honours. He was permitted by his
sovereign to wear the Turkish order of the Crescent
for the part he bore in the Egyptian campaign, and
was made a knight commander of the Tower and Sword
of Portugal for his services in the Peninsula. In 1831
he was created a baronet, and in 1850 was invested
with the order of a knight commander of the Bath.
He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 26th June, 1815, and a Fellow 25th June, 1825,
the day on which the new building in Pall Mall East,
was formally opened. He was appointed physician
extraordinary to the king, and in 1837 physician extra-
ordinary to the queen. Three times was he elected
1825] BOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 313
Lord Kector of his Alma Mater, the university of Aber-
deen, viz., in 1826, in 1827, and in 1841. So thoroughly
had he won the esteem and attachment of the students,
that they presented to the university a portrait of Sir
James, by Mr. Dyce, which is now in the pubHc hall.
A second portrait of him, by Sir David Wilkie, is in
the Hbrary at Fort Pitt ; and a third, by J. Jackson,
B.A., presented by his brother officers to lady M'Grigor,
is in the possession of his family. "^^^
* The Autobiography and Services of Sir James M'Grigor, Bart.,
Svo. Lond. 1861.
^
APPENDIX.
A SHORT ACCOUNT
OF THE
ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF LONDON.
Of the circumstances and motives which led to the foundation
of the College of Physicians by Henry the Eighth, I have
spoken briefly at the commencement of this work/ where I
have given a copy of the Letters Patent or Charter by which
the College was constituted, and of the Statute, 14 Henry VIII,
which confirmed most of the provisions of that Charter, but
changed the mode of election of the President, instituted the
Order of Elects, and gave to the CoUege the general supervision
of all persons, not graduates in medicine of the two English
universities of Oxford and Cambridge, who should practise
physic throughout England.
The first meetings of the College after its establishment in
1518, were held in Linacre's private house — the " Stone-house,"
as it was called, in Knight Eider-street ; and there they con-
tinued to be held for nearly a century. Of the general plan and
arrangement of the house but little is known. It was given to
the CoUege during Linacre's life-time,^ and certainly was not
bequeathed by will as has usually been supposed. The front
portion of the house, comprising a parlour below and a chamber
above, to be used as a council room and library, were the only
' Roll, vol. i, p. 1.
' " Is (Linacrus) dono dedit Collegio primam faciem seu partem
sedium suanim in locum Comitiorum et BibUotheceD." Annales.
There is no mention of this in Linacre's will, which may be seen in
Dr. J. Noble Johnson's Life of Linacre. 8vo. Lond. 1835, p. 343.
318 A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE COLLEGE.
parts of the house given to the College of Physicians : all the
remainder of the premises being the property of Merton Col-
lege. Oxford.^ Accommodations so limited sufficed for several
years for all the purposes of the College, and it was not until
the time of Caius that we read of any efforts to give distinction
and prominence to the building without, or order and dignity to
its proceedings within.
The grant of arms now borne by the College was obtained in
1546 ; ^ and we read in 1552 of a wish entertained by the fel-
lows to distinguish and mark their College from the buildings
by which it was surrounded.^ Caius, during his tenure of office
as President (which extended with intervals from 1555 to 1571),
commenced the Annals we now possess ; ^ caused the Statutes to
^ Anno 1558. The warden and scholars of Merton college, Ox-
ford, nnder date 28 Dec, 3 Edward VI, lease to Edmnnde Crispin e,
of London, gent., " all that their messuage called Stonehouse, garden,
conrte and stable, with all and singular the appurtenances, sette
lying, and being in Knight Rider-street, within the citie of London,
a parlour adjoyning to the sayd howse and a chamber over the same
adjoyning to the streete there only except." Annales ad annum
1558.
^ "Vicesimo Septembris hujus Praesidentis anni, qui anno erat
Domini 1546 exacto jam 1545, quo incepit praesidere ; is Prsesidens
Will'mus Freman, Richardus Bartlot, Joannes Clemens et Edwardus
Wotton obtinuerunt a Joanne Barker seu Gartero, Armorum Rege,
insignia Collegio ; manum videlicet e nube demissam, aegri brachium
complectentem, dimidiatas irides per ambitum, et in imo malum
granatum, ut in ejus literis testimonialibus ad hoc conscriptis,
videre licet." Annales.
' 1552 Sept: 30. "Postridie Divi ThomaD Apli decretum est, ut
pro arbitrio Praesidentis distinguatur Collegium nostrum a reliquis
sedibus pariete, et alio loco poneretur ostium, Collegio sumptibus,
sed sine effectu."
* 1555. " Ante hunc annum. Collegium nullo f uit ornatum tapete,
pulvinari nullo, cistella suffragatoria nulla, nulla arcula, nulla cam-
panella vocali, rationali libro nullo, nullo Annalium, nee ullo a can-
didatis aut admissis exceptum convivio, quo recreetur honestum
studiura et aletur mutuus amor. Actorum liber erat, ut et Statuto-
rum sed ille sine nomine, hie sine ordine, sine perfectione, sine con-
cordia. Quare illi Pandectarum nomen dedi, quod omnia reciperet
tumultuarie, hunc perfeci, excogitatis atque additis quce ad perfec-
tionem deerant et per Collegium approbatis, in eoque omnia digessi,
in ordinem et concordiam redegi, et mea manu rescripti, ut et hunc
Annalium." Annales.
A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE COLLEGE. 319
be completed, fairly transcribed,, and elegantly bound in crimson
velvet, edged with silver ; fitting to be borne before the Presi-
dent on all solemn occasions without^ as well as within the Col-
lege. He also designed the symbols or insignia by which the
President of the College should be duly honoured/ and distin-
guished from the rest of the fellows : — the cushion of crimson
velvet edged with gold, placed before the President at all solemn
meetings, as well of the Censors as of the Fellows at large ; on
which formerly reposed the book of " Statutes," as does now the
book of "The Charter, Bye-laws, and Eegulations:" — the staff
of silver or caduceus, its head adorned with the arms of the
College, supported by four serpents, now borne by the President
himself, and to remind him, as Caius tells us, by its material
(silver) to govern with patience and courtesy, and by its symbols
(the serpents) with judgment and wisdom. There is nothing in
our records to show at what period or under what circumstances
the handsome gown of black damask, edged and otherwise
ornamented with gold lace, worn by the President, was first
used. The noble mace of silver gilt " baculum certe regium," ^
borne by the bedel before the President and placed on the table
before him at all the Comitia, was given in 1684 by Dr. John
Lawson, a Fellow of the College.
Some forty years had elapsed from the death of Linacre, when,
permission having been obtained from queen Elizabeth,'* dissec-
tions began to be performed in the College, and the fellows were
called on, under fine for refusal, to give in turn a public demon-
stration and deliver anatomy lectures. On the 7th February,
^ We read in the Annals, 1556-7, of the funeral of Dr. Richard
Bartlot (Roll, vol. i, p. 23), at which the President and College at-
tended, it being the first time that the Statute Book of the College,
adorned with silver, was carried before the President.
* 1556. Ante hunc Annum, &c., Roll, vol. i, p. 41.
' 1684. " Postridie Palmarum. Baculum certe Regium, propriis
impensis fabricatum virgulae argenteee loco coram Praeside gestan-
dum Collegio consecravit vir doctissimus, vereque generosus D^.
Joannes Lawsonus in medicina doctor Celebris inclytique hujus Col-
legii socius dignissimus." Annales.
* " Elizabetha Regina anno regni septimo Collegio concessit in
perpetuum, licentiam accipiendi cadavera pro anatomicis administra-
tionibus : idq sub magno AngliaB sigillo." Tablets of Benefactors
in the theatre.
320 A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE COLLEGE.
1581-2, Dr. Caldwell and lord Lumley having announced their
intention to found a surgery lecture in the College, and to endow
it with forty pounds a year, the fellows determined to appro-
priate one hundred pounds out of the common stock (and this
was nearly all the money the College possessed), to enlarge the
buildinsr, and make it more ornamental and better suited for the
meetings of their body and the celebration of the lectures.^
If they did not actually rebuild the College, they certainly en-
larged and beautified it, caused their armorial bearings to be
sculptured on its front,^ and made it generally more commo-
dious and better adapted to the growing importance and duties
of the corporation. Two years later a capacious theatre was
added to the now enlarged College,^ and about this time Dr.
Foster was nominated to the Lumleian lectureship.
Within a short period from this (in 1587) the College secured
a garden for botanical purposes, at a rental of forty marks of
English money a year, and engaged the services of John Gerarde,
tlie noted herbalist, as Curator, to keep it stocked with all the
rarer plants.*
^ 1581-2, Feb. 7. *' . . . . et uno cum consensu decrevisse, ut
e Collegii cista centum librag allocarentur ad ffides Collegii laxius et
speciosius sedificandas, quae nunc nimis arctse sunt et angustae, turn
ad conventus nostros celebrandos, tum ad Lecturam illam solemnem
exercendam." Annales.
1582-3, Jan. 28. *' Praeterea, quoniam turn ad aedificando Col-
legio, tum in jure tentando, totum jam nostrum aerarium pene ex-
haustum est, idcircoad opus tarn bonum et publicum sustentandum,
conclusum est, ut singuli Collegae, per vim petitionis rogarentur, ut
pro se quisque xl.s. mutuo daret Collegio pro unius anni dimidio.
Omnes autem iUi qui istis Coraitiis aderant, id se Hbentissime fac-
turos receperunt." Annales.
1583, Nov. 14. " In his Comitiis Dr. Caldwell reddidit rationem com-
puti sui ; et habita exacta calculatione, perspectum est D*"®™. Caldwell
recepisse ad Collegii usus cxxi li,
expendisse vero in aedificiis Collegii cliii li."
* Goodall's MS. Collection of College Affairs.
^ 1583-4, Martii 13. " Decretum est, ut per Thesaurarium thea-
trum satis capax, una cum conveiiiente cathedra ad dissectiones
publicas perficiendas in Collegio, ex Collegii sumptibus exaedilicetur.
Item ut palus ante fenestram Collegii, ex materia apta et ad ilium
usum artificiose dolata ex decenti altitudine per eundem thesaura-
rium erigatur."
* 1587, Oct. 6. " Jhoannes Gerarde chirurgus, pollicetur se cura-
A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE COLLEGE. 321
With a view to the embellishment of the College, and the
augmentation of its funds, it was agreed in 1596 that any fellow,
or other person of gentle blood not belonging to the College,
might, at his own charge, and on the donation of ten pounds,
cause his portrait or his armorial bearings to be placed upon the
walls. ^
But notwithstanding the alterations, and the enlargement
of the premises that had been effected at various times, the
building was too small for the purposes of the College, and the
site admitting of no further augmentation,^ the fellows, in 1614,
removed to another spot.
By the contributions of its own members, aided by the liberal
gifts of two distinguished personages,^ the College was enabled
to take a suitable house and premises at the end of Paternoster-
row, in Amen-corner, from the dean and chapter of St. Paul's.
From the sums expended upon it, the house must have been
greatly altered or enlarged, and it is known to have been made
commodious for all the purposes of the College. The last meet-
ing in the old College (Linacre's house) in Knight Eider-street,^
was on the 25th June, 1614; the first meeting in the new Col-
turum Hortuin Collegii aequis conditionibus, omni fere herbanim
variorum genere refertum tueri." Annales.
^ 1596, April 5. " Statutum est si quis Socius, aut generosus
aliquis ahns, non ex nostro csetu, sed peregrinus, cupiat vel effigiem
suam, vel insignia familise suee, in Collegio nostro ad perpetuam rei
memoriam depicta habere ; id ei permittetur libere facere ; modo id vel
proprio sue suniptu,vel amicorum, perfecerit; Collegio nostro x librae
nt benefactor, dederit. At si quis Prsesidens Collegii ad triennium
extiterit, ei vero licebit suo pro arbitrio, vel imaginem suam, vel sua
insignia in Collegio nostro collocare gratis, et absq. ulla pecunias
summa persoluta." Annales.
^ The ground on which the College stood was " in front from
east to west, 24 foot of assize, and in depth from north to south 24
foot of assize, and in breadth at the south end 22 foot and 6 inches
of assize." Collection of College Afiaires, left by Dr. Goodall to the
College of Physicians, London, folio MSS., p. 186.
^ On the tablets in the lecture theatre we read, " Domina Arabella
Stewarta et Maria Comitissa Salopiensis, suasu Doctoris Mounde-
fordi liberales sumptus fecerunt 400 li ad coemendus cedes Coll. in
Paternoster-row. Dono etiam dederunt Coll. stratum mensale ob-
longum, et strata fenestralia cum pulvinaribus.
* Linacre's house, the original College, in Knight Rider-street,
was destroyed in the great fire of 1666, but a substantial house was
VOL. III. Y
322 A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE COLLEGE.
lege, in Amen-corner, was on the 23rd August, 1614. The
lease of these premises was renewed from time to time ; a
botanical garden adjoining was planted, and an anatomical
theatre built, which, at a subsequent period (1641), was deco-
rated, by the bequest from Dr. Alexander Ehead,^ one of the fel-
lows, of one hundred pounds for that special purpose. The part
of the house not actually required for the College was let to one
of the fellows upon certain conditions, one of which was that he
should maintain the garden handsomely.
Among the early and noteworthy events in this new College
was the nomination of Harvey to the Lumleian lectureship. He
was elected in August, 1615, and began his lectures in the April
following, and is generally supposed to have expounded on this
occasion those complete views of the circulation of the blood
which have rendered his name immortal. Two years later, and
the first Pharmacopoeia Londinensis was issued by the College.
In the calamities and troubles of the civil wars, it was impos-
sible for the College not to be involved; and when Parlia-
ment, by an ordinance of the two houses, imposed the heaviest
and most unusual taxes, seizing, whenever they had power,
upon the revenues of the king's party, it was reduced to the
greatest distress. On the city of London alone, besides an im-
position of the five and twentieth part of every man's substance,
a weekly assessment was levied of ten thousand pounds, of
which, the portion allotted to the College was five pounds per
soon after erected on its site. This continued to be known as the
" Stone house," No. 5, Knight Rider-street, and remained in the
possession of the College until the year 1860, when it was taken
under the provisions of an Act of Parliament, to provide " a site for
Her Majesty's Court of Probate and other Courts and Offices." A
sketch of the house is preserved in the Gold Headed Cane, second
edition, 8vo. London, 1828, p. 121. Between the two centre win-
dows of the first floor of the house was a block of stone, on which
was carved the arms of the College. This, on the demolition of
the house, was secured by Sir James Alderson, the Treasurer of the
College. It is now in the niche on the staircase at Pall Mall East.
It has been duly emblazoned, and forms a support for the fine
bust of George IV, by Chantry.
^ On the tablets in the theatre is the following : ** Alexander
Reado, Med. Dr. Collegii hujus socius, Theatro Anatomico adornando
100 librae, noviBsima voluntate coutulit, 1641."
A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE COLLEGE. 323
week/ In consequence of these exactions, the College became
much embarrassed, was for a time unable to pay the rent due to
St. Paul's, and, to add to its distress, when it seemed to be the
intention of many leaders in Parliament to admit of no esta-
blished religion, the premises were condemned, as part of the
property of the church, to be sold by public auction. At this
juncture, and with a generosity which does him immortal honour,
Dr. Baldwin Hamey, with the view to prevent their falling into
the hands of any illiberal proprietor, himself became the pur-
chaser of the house and garden, thus redeeming the property
out of his own private purse, at an expense of many hundreds
of pounds, and two years afterwards gave it in perpetuity to his
colleagues.^ This he did most opportunely, since the design
then entertained by Harvey of building a museum in the Col-
lege might otherwise have been frustrated. The generous pro-
ject of Harvey was announced at an extraordinary comitia held
4th July, 1651, in the following modest manner : — " If," said the
President, Dr. Prujean, reading from a written paper, " I can pro-
cure one that shall build us a library and a repository for simples
and rarities, such an one as shaU be suitable and honourable to
the College, will you assent to have it done, or no, and give me
leave, and such others as I shall desire, to be the designers and
overlookers of the work, both for conveniency and ornament ?"
The College, as might be expected, assented at once most wil-
* 1643, Mali 6. "A meanes to free the Colledge from the weekly
assessment of 5 h per septimanam was order'd to be consulted of
by Dr. Gierke, Dr. Alston, and Dr. Hamey. Answere was given
to the collector of rents for the deane and chapter of St. Pauls,
who came to demand the Colledge rent (then seqnestred in usum
Reipublicas) for them, that we durst not deny the Ordinance of
Parliament."
' In an " Abstract" of writings relating to the College given by
Goodall in his MSS. Collection of College affairs, p. 169, I read v —
28th Sept., 1649. An indenture of bargain and sale inrolled in
Chancery 17th October, 1649, between Sr. John Wollaston and
others, of the one part, and Dr. Hamey, of the other part ; whereby
he grants the great messuage called Physicians' College, neare
Amen-corner, to Dr. Hamey.
26 Aug., 1651. A lease from Dr. Hamey to Dr. Clark and others
of the messuage called Physicians' College, &c.
27 Aug., 1651. A release between the same parties by indenture
of the same messuage.
Y 2
324 A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE COLLEGE.
lingly to so liberal a proposal. Whether, in the course of build-
ing, the name of the illustrious benefactor transpired, we know
not ; but on the 22nd December, 1652, and while the works
were in progress, the College testified their regard and gratitude
to Harvey (who was the person alluded to by the President) by
voting the execution of a statue in their hall in his honour, and
with the following inscription : —
Gulielmo Harveio,
Yiro Monumentis suis immortali,
hoc insuper Collegium Medicorum Londinense
posuit.
Qui enim sanguini motum
ut et
Animalibus ortum dedit, meruit esse
Stator Perpetuus.
On the 2nd February, 1653-4, by the invitation of Dr.
Prujean, the President, and Dr. Edmund Smith, one of the
Elects, the two persons to whom had been confided the super-
intendence of the works, the Fellows attended at the College,
when the doors were thrown open, and Harvey, receiving his
assembled colleagues in the new museum, in the most bene-
volent manner, and wishing all prosperity to the republic of
medicine, made over to the College on the spot, the title deeds
and his whole interest in the building, and all its valuable and
curious contents. This important addition to the College was,
us we learn from Aubrey, " a noble building of Eoman architec-
ture (of rustic work, with Corinthian pilasters), comprising a
great parlour, a kind of convocation room for the Fellows to
meet in below, and a library above." On the outside, on the frieze,
in letters three inches long, was this inscription : — " Suasu et
cur^ Franc : Prujeani Prsesidis etEdmundi Smith Elect: inchoata
et perfecta est ha3c fabrica a.d. mdclii."
The College, as before said, was situated in Amen-corner, on
the site where the three houses of the canons residentiary of St.
Paul's now stand ; the College garden, of an irregular form, ex-
tended as far as the Old Bailey to the west, and reached to the
clmrch of St. Martin, Ludgate, towards the south, and the
museum of Harvey must have been situated very near to the
A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE COLLEGE 325
spot upon which Stationers' hall now stands.^ The old library-
room was henceforth appropriated to the lectures, and the first
public meeting of the College in Harvey's new building (in novo
triclinio), was held 31st March, 1654. Here also, as in a state
apartment, it was the custom to receive distinguished and illus-
trious visitors, for it was not uncommon in those days for the
highest personages in the kingdom to attend the lectures. When
Charles the Second condescended to be present at the anatomical
prelections of Dr. Ent, in 1665, at the conclusion of the lecture,
the royal party retiring from the theatre was received in the
museum of Harvey, and on this occasion His Majesty was graciously
pleased to confer the honour of knighthood upon the lecturer.
Bequests and donations of money, books, surgical and other
instruments, and varieties of various kinds soon came to enrich
the museum of Harvey. On the 28th of July, 1656, Harvey
attended at the College, resigned his Lumleian lectureship, the
duties of which he had conscientiously discharged to the last,
took his leave of the College, and at the same time put the
crowning act to his munificence by giving to the College in per-
petuity his patrimonial estate at Burmarsh, in Kent. Harvey
was present at the College for the last time at the annual election
of officers, on the 30th September, 1656. He died on the 3rd
June, 1657, and on the 26th of that month a large nuro.ber of the
fellows met at the College, and wearing the gowns of their de-
grees,=^ and other solemnities, attended the body of their bene-
factor to far beyond the city walls, on its way to Hempstead, in
Essex, the place fixed on for its interment. In the ensuing year
(1658) the marquis of Dorchester, always a well wisher to the
College, and before and after this a liberal benefactor to it, was
at his own request admitted a fellow. I may here remark that
he was the first in order of three noblemen who have become fel-
lows of our College, the two others being, the duke of Montague,
admitted in 1717, and the duke of Eichmond, in 1729.
» The Gold-headed Cane. 2nd Edition. 8vo. Lond. 1828, p. 120.
Here, as elsewhere in this short account of the College, I follow, as
nearly as I can, Dr. Macmichael's account.
2 1657. Jan. 25. "Monentur Socii, ut fcogati prosequi velint ex-
equias funeris, Dris. Harvaei, postero die celebrandas." Ann ales.
326 A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE COLLEGE.
No efforts were wanting on the part of the fellows of the Col-
lege to add to the adornment of the museum of Harvey, or to the
public profession of their obligations to their several benefactors.
A marble bust was erected in memory of Dr. Simeon Fox ; a
marble tablet in honour of Dr. Baldwin Hamey ; tablets on which
were to be inscribed the names of all benefactors, were placed in
the museum ; and lastly, an honorary tablet, setting forth much
of the history, character, discoveries, and benefactions of Harvey,*
was placed close by his statue there. The museum, besides
medical books, contained treatises on geometry, geography, astro-
nomy, music, optics, natural history, and travels, and was under
the following regulations : — It was to be open on Fridays, from
one till five o'clock in the summer, but only till four in the
winter season ; also during all meetings of the College, and when-
ever else the custos, being at leisure, should choose to be present ;
but no books were allowed to be taken out.
All this had been accomplished, notwithstanding the funds of
the College were low, and the condition of physic generally in
the town unsatisfactory. In the civil commotions through which
the country had but recently passed the College had suffered
much. The treasury was well nigh empty; the lectures were
suspended ; a large number of physicians were living and prac-
tising within the liberty of the College without a Licence, and the
examination of apothecaries' apprentices, which for many previous
years was vigorously enforced, had been discontinued. The pre-
sident at this time (1664), Sir Edward Alston, a person of strong
will and determination, with a view of bringing within the pale
of the College those persons practising physic in London without
its licence, and at the same time of improving the finances of the
institution, suggested the creation of honorary fellows. Upwards
of seventy physicians, many of whom, however, were resident in
the provinces, and not in town, were within a few months
elected, and admitted honorary fellows. The objects aimed at
by the new regulation were fully attained. All physicians
practising in London were thus brought into the College, its
authority was vindicated, and the finances of the corporation
were so much augmented, that they were then — as we know, on
' The Roll, vol. i, p. 143.
A- SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE COLLEGE. 327
the authority of Harney — in a more prosperous condition than
at any former period in the history of the institution. But mis-
fortunes of a severe character were in store. In the following
year, when the plague was raging in London, most of the College
officers, and among them the custos, Dr. Merrett, retired for
safety into the country. During their absence the College was
broken into, and the treasure chest, containing the whole of the
College funds, now greatly augmented by the contributions of
the honorary fellows, was robbed of its whole contents. In the
following year the College and the greater part of its contents
was destroyed in the great fire. The fire commenced on the
night between Saturday and Sunday, but it was not until Wed-
nesday, the 5th of September, 1666, that the College of Physi-
cians was actually fired. In that interval Dr. Merrett, the Har-
veian librarian and custos, had succeeded in removing to a place
of safety the charters and annals, the insignia of the president,
the portraits of Dr. Fox and Dr. Harvey (without their frames),
the inscription to Harvey which had been placed by his statue,
the case of surgical and anatomical instruments, and some hun-
dred and forty printed books, chiefly folios from the library.
The fellows of the CoUege met for the first time after the
fire on the 1st October, 1666, at the house of Sir John Langham,
where they were permitted often afterwards to hold their
comitia. Their losses had been too recent, and the distress and
confusion in the city were as yet too great for the transaction of
any business but the most pressing, and nothing more was done
on this occasion than to elect the College officers for the ensuing
year. Some time after this, on application being made to the
judges who were appointed to settle the differences which un-
avoidably arose out of the fire, a new lease was obtained from
the dean and chapter of St. Paul's (1668) the CoUege under-
taking to rebuild their premises in Amen-corner.
That scheme, however, was never carried into effect; the
lease was resigned, and, on the spot where once stood our Col
lege, three houses were erected which are now the seats of the
residentiaries of St. Paul's. It was not until 1669 that a
suitable spot could be found for a new College. That which
was finally fixed upon extended from the east in Warwick-lane
328 A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE COLLEGE.
westward to the city walls, and was purchased from Mr. Hollier,
a surgeon, for twelve hundred pounds. Sir Christopher Wren
designed the new College ; Mr. Hook was named surveyor, and
on the 20th January, 1670-1, the several tradesmen necessary
for the work were appointed. The western division, which
Avas to contain the several public rooms to be used by the
College, was commenced ; and this portion of the building was
occupied for the first time, and as it would appear without
any particular ceremony, on the 25th February, 1674-5. The
southern and northern portions of the building, consisting of
dwelling-houses, two on the south and one on the north, were
successively begun and completed; and on the 13th May, 1674,
it was announced to a very full College by Dr. Whistler that
Sir John Cutler, bart., had it in contemplation to erect an
anatomical theatre in the College at his own sole charge.^ In
compliance with the wish of Sir John Cutler this noble addition
to our College was placed on the east and abutting on Warwick-
lane ; and thus completing the four sides of the College. It was
opened with an inaugural address by the president. Sir John
Micklethwaite, on the 21st January, 1678-9, when Dr. Charlton
delivered his anatomy lectures in it.^ The College as thus com-
^ 1674 Mail 13. " Eetulit nobis D^ Whistler, Joannem Cutlemm
Baronettum in anitno habere, Theatrum Anatomicum in Collegii
nostri fundo, propriis sumptibus extruere. Qnapropter optimum
factn visum est, ut D"*^. PraBses D^ Goddard, D^ Cox, D^
Whistler, et D. Car Scarborough, die Veneris proximo eundem
adeant, et ob nimiam munificentiam, gratias ei agant, quas possunt
maximas. Factum, quod jussum erat ; simulq. ab ipso lauto ex-
cepti prandio, quod alterius verbis promiserat, suis ratum esse velle,
intellexerunt.
" Mox sancitum est ut D^. Glisson, D'". Goddard, D^. Whistler,
et D""^ Carolus Scarburgh ^dilem Regium Christopherum Wren
et M"'™ Hooke in Collegio conveniant ; visuri quinam locus extru-
endo Theatro maxime idoneus sit; scitumq. est, ut, quod placeret
pluribus, id ratum foret. Illi vero Collegii hortum ei usui maxime
commodum judicarunt. Intellecto autem brevi post, nolle D*^"*
Joannem Cutlerum, illud alibi quam in areas ingressu, prope
plateam extrui ; tanti benefactoris voluntati judieii, fasces libenter
Bubmissimus."
' 1678 Jan. 21°. " Dr. Charlton jussus est anatomicam lectionem
celebrare, Comitiis indictivis peractis prsesentem terminum sequen-
ifcibus. Quod munus summa cum laude perfecit stato tempore, et
A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE COLLEGE. 329
pleted occupied the four sides of a quadrangle, enclosing a
spacious paved court. ^ The entrance from the east, in Warwick-
lane, was through a wide gateway, closed with massive iron
gates, under a semi-circular arch, over which was a lecture
theatre and a curiously-constructed dome,
..." A dome, majestic to the sight,
" And sumptuous arc&es bear its oval height ;
"A golden globe plac'd high with artful skill,
" Seems, to the distant sight, a gilded pill."*
— the plan of which was furnished by Sir Christopher Wren. The
theatre, spacious in size, was oval and octagonal in shape, ex-
quisite in its proportions, and imposing in character, and a
model " of acoustical and optical architecture."^ The whole of
this, the eastern side of the College, was erected at the expense
of Sir John Cutler, and the theatre itself was named after him
the Cutlerian theatre, and bore on its front towards Warwick-
lane, in bold letters, its title
Theateum Cutleeianum.
In a niche on the outside of the building and looking west
into the courtyard, was a full length statue of Sir John Cutler,
Theatrum Cutlerianum primus bonis auspiciis inauguravit, pr^fata
prius a Preeside consummatissimo oratione nervosa inaugurali."
' Of the College as thus completed, good views may be seen in the
Pharmacopoeia Londinensis of 1677, folio; of 1721, folio; of 1746,
quarto ; and prefixed to Dr. Battie's De Principiis Animalibus, 4to.,
Lend., 1751.
^ Garth's Dispensary, Canto 1.
* " The elevation of the theatre next the street is strictly Palla-
dian, the lower story is of the Scammozian Ionic, and the upper
of the Corinthian order : the interior, also, is one of the best ima-
gined for seeing, hearing, and classification of the students and
fellows, and for the display of anatomical demonstrations, or phy-
losophical experiments, upon a table in the middle of the arena,
of any building of its size in existence. It is a perfect study of
acoustical and optical architecture, the roof and form of the
section being so well adapted for the distribution of sound, and
the elevation and arrangement of the seats, with the President's
chair in the centre, and the separate stairs for the Fellows and
members, so well designed. This admirable structure being shortly
to be pulled down, it is worth the inspection of the scientific archi-
tect before it is destroyed." — Elmes James, Memoirs of the Life
and Works of Sir Christopher Wren. 4to. Lond. 1823, p. 451.
330 A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE COLLEGE.
placed there in obedience to a vote of the College, 8th October,
1680. Below the statue was engraved —
Omnis Cutleri cedat labor Amphitheatro.
Entering the quadrangle, there were dwelling-houses in
keeping with the rest of the building on the right and on the
left, forming the northern and southern sides of the square.
Such of these houses as were not actually required for the
officers of the College, were let upon certain conditions to mem-
bers of the corporation or to others. Opposite to the entrance
gateway and forming the western side of the quadrangle, were the
library, csenaculum, censors' room, and other public apartments,
of the College. On the outside in a niche over the entrance
door to this portion of the building was a statue of Charles II.,
voted in 1680 with the following inscription expressive of the
various fortunes of that monarch : —
Utriusque Fortune Exemplar Ingens
Adversis Rebus Deum Probavit
Prosperis Seipsum
COLLEGII HUJUSCE StATOR.
MDCLXXXII.
To the right of the hall on entering was a library, consisting
of two rooms, communicating with each other, and with galleries
running round them. A broad, very massive oak staircase, the
sides of which were hung with portraits, to the left of the hall,
led to the upper apartments. These comprised the great room,
or csenaculum, and adjoining it, the censors' room, the former
the meeting room of the College, a noble apartment, wainscoted
in the most elegant manner with fine Spanish oak, by the muni-
ficent Hamey, at an expense of several hundreds of pounds. The
pilasters were fluted, the capitals ornamented, and there was an
elegantly carved cornice, with Hamey 's coat of arms and crest,
finely cut, immediately over the entrance. Much of this oak
wainscoting was transferred to the College in Pall MaU East, and
is now in the censors' room. Harney's coat of arms and crest
are in the bedel's office. Hamey, it may be observed, had re-
tired to Chelsea the year before the fire, and although his interest
in the College was as great as ever, he seems from that time to
have withdrawn himself from all personal interference in its
A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE COLLE^^E. 331
management. Although elected in his absence Treasurer and
Consiliarius, on the 1st October, 1666, he would seem never to
have been present at any future meetings of the College. But
his munificence towards it was unabated ; in April, 1669, he gave
one hundred pounds towards the rebuilding of the College, and
somewhat later, as we have just seen, undertook the internal
decoration of the csenaculum.
At the back of this portion of the CoUege was a plot of
ground, which extended westward to the city wall, and was culti-
vated as a botanical garden. It was upon a portion of this
ground that the College had wished Sir John Cutler's anatomical
theatre to be built, but he determined to place it to the west,
and so complete the quadrangle ; and here, in 1684, the College
erected, at an expense of fifteen hundred pounds, an appropriate
building for the reception of the noble library which the marquis
of Dorchester had given to the College. The building was com-
pleted and fitted, and the books arranged in it, in February,
1687-8, when a deputation of fellows was appointed to wait
upon the lady Grace Pierrepoint, the daughter of the marquis, to
inform her " that the College of Physicians have lately made a
fair library, in which the L^ marquesse of Dorchester's books,
given by her honour, are placed, and to desire her ladyship to do
the College the honour to take a view of it." The embellishment
of the interior of the College was not overlooked. In 1739 Dr.
Mead gave the bust of Harvey, by Scheemaker, now in the library.
In 1756 Dr. Askew presented the noble bust of Mead, by
Eoubiliac, which now adorns the Censors' room ; and in the fol-
lowing year the College ordered the bust of Sydenham, also in
the Censors' room, to be executed at its own expense, by Wilton.
Numerous portraits of departed worthies of the College and of
others were also added to our collection, some of which were
bequeathed by the persons thus commemorated, but the majority
were the offerings of their surviving kinsfolk and friends.
In this commodious and stately edifice the College abode for
one hundred and fifty years. There in 1700 the body of Dryden
found an honourable resting place before its final consignment to
the grave, in Westminster abbey. Dryden died the 1st of
May, 1700. Two days later permission was sought and obtained
332 A SHOBT ACCOUNT OF THE COLLEGE.
from the President and Censors to bring the poet's body to the
College. There it was embalmed/ and there it lay in state till
the 13th of May. On that day Garth, one of the most estimable
of men, and influential of our body, himself a poet, pronounced
an eulogium in Latin over the remains of his departed friend,
before they were moved from our College ; and then, with many
persons of quality, and a numerous procession of carriages, at-
tended the body to Westminster abbey, where it was interred
between the graves of Chaucer and Cowley.
In 1707^ the public parts of the College were insured against
fire in the then recently established Amicable Society. In 1721
a licence was obtained to hold lands in mortmain to the amount
of one thousand pounds a year;^ and in 1751 the Treasurer of
the College was authorised to open for the first time a banker's
account with the Messrs. Hoare, of Fleet-street.
In 1766 the College published a very handsome edition, in
quarto, of Harvey's works, edited with great care and accuracy,
by the poet Akenside, and prefixed to it an elegant life of Har-
vey, from the pen of Dr. Lawrence ; and in 1768, at the sug-
gestion of the first Dr. Heberden, it commenced the •' Medical
Transactions,"^ which extended to six volumes, the last of which
was published in 1820. In these volumes are contained many
important and interesting contributions, from the foremost phy-
s-icians of the time in London ; from Dr. Heberden, Sir George
^ Life of John Dryden, by Sir Walter Scott, bart. Svo. Edinb.
1864 p. 371.
' 1707. Jan. 23. "Dr. Harris proposed to the Board the insuring
at the Amicable Society the public parts of the College, being the
west row, at the rate or value of 2,000Z., and the theatre and rest
of the east row at 1,000Z., for 7 years, which at 12 per cent, comes
to 18?., besides the charge of the policys : to which proposal the
President and Censors readily agreed, and desired Dr. Harris to
conclude the matter accordingly, for which purpose the President
gave him a note of eighteen pounds twelve shillings upon the Trea-
surer." On the 5th March following "Dr. Harris brought to the
Board the two policys for insuring the east and west sides of the
College of Physicians by the Amicable Society."
2 Roberts on the College, p. 33, Appendix.
* Medical Transactions, published by the College of Physicians,
in London. 8vo. Lond. 6 vols. Vol. i, 1768 ; Vol. ii, 1772 ; Vol. iii,
1785 ; Vol. iv, 1813 ; Vol. v, 1815 ; Vol. vi, 1820.
A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE COLLEGE. 333
Baker, Sir William Watson, the two Drs. Warren, Dr.' Latham,
Dr. Baillie, Sir Henry Halford, Dr. Gooch, &c.
In 1783 the College for the first time in its history, took cog-
nisance of practitioners of midwifery, and instituted a distinct
order of Licentiates in that department.^ The celebrated Dr.
Denman was the first person admitted into this new order of
Licentiates in Midwifery, and the high position and reputation
he had secured to himself with the public and the medical pro-
fession, sufficed to impart to •the licence a respectabihty and
value it might not otherwise have possessed. But the plan of
special licences and the restrictions in practice they involved
were found to be inconvenient, and they ceased to be granted in
1800.
To the College in Warwick-lane, capacious as it was in size,
convenient in all its internal arrangements, and, as a whole,
handsome and imposing in its appearance, there was the one
serious drawback of its situation. In the period that had elapsed
since its erection great changes had taken place in London, and
especially in the city. The immediate neighbourhood of the
College had greatly deteriorated ; the population and fashion had
gone westward, and the situation of the College, always bad, and
the only approach to it through Warwick-lane, narrow and diffi-
cult, became year by year more inconvenient. The rapidly
increasing dilapidations of the College buildings and the con-
sequent deterioration of the property had long been seen and
lamented. Everything concurred to show the advisability of
removal to a more convenient situation. Various attempts had
been made from time to time in this direction, but each had
proved abortive. In 1814 the College petitioned for and suc-
ceeded in obtaining from Parliament an Act to enable it to hold
its corporate meetings, and exercise its powers within the city of
Westminster and its liberties. And on Sir Henry Halford's
election to the office of President, in 1820, he applied his best
energies to the removal of the College to the west end of the
town, an object which the fellows had much at heart, but had
^ " 1783. Oct. 6. The College having taken into consideration
the practice of midwifery, resolved that licences be granted to prac-
titioners in midwifery." Annals, vol. xv, p. 35.
334 A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE COLLEGE.
not dared to encounter. Mainly through Sir Henry Halford's
influence a grant of the ground in Pall Mall East, on which the
College now stands, valued then at six thousand pounds, was
obtained from the crown. It was then granted for a lease of
ninety-nine and a-half years only ; but on the 25th July, 1864,
an Act of Parliament to enable Her Majesty to grant a lease of
the building and site for nine hundred and ninety-nine years,
received the royal sanction, and the seal of the College was
affixed to the lease in the ComitiS, Majora of the 30th September,
1865. On this site the present College, designed by Sir Eobert
Smirke, was forthwith commenced. The premises in Warwick-
lane were sold for nine thousand pounds. The Eadcliffe trustees
gave two thousand pounds towards the cost of the new building ;
and what was needed, and it was much, in addition to the funds
that had been accumulating for some"years, for this very purpose,
was supplied by the loans and liberal contributions of the fellows
of the College themselves, but many years elapsed before the
entire cost of the edifice was liquidated.
The CoUege in Pall Mall East was opened with due ceremony,
on the 25th June, 1825, with an eloquent Latin oration, by the
President, Sir Henry Halford, delivered to an audience such as
in respect of royalty, nobility, official station, and learning had
never before been collected in our College. This important
event is recorded in the Annals, as follows : —
" Die Junii 25th, 1825.
On this day the new College was opened.
" At three o'clock, p.m., the President and Eellows, dressed in
their doctors' robes, assembled in the Censors' room, where they
waited to receive the distinguished guests whom they had in-
vited to be present at the ceremony.
" The card of invitation was in the following terms : —
The President and Fellows of the Royal ColJege of Physicians
request will do
them the honour to be present at the opening of their new College,
on Saturday, June 25th, at 3 o'clock precisely, to hear an Inaugural
Oration, delivered by the President.
Pall Mall East.
w
i
A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE COLLEGE. 335
"Among the visitors who honoured the College with their
presence were the following high personages : —
His Royal Highness the Duke of York.
His Royal Highness the Dnke of Sussex.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Grloucester.
His Royal Highness the Prince Leopold.
The Dukes of Grrafton, Rutland, Montrose (Lord Chamberlain),
Newcastle, and Wellington ( Master- Greneral of the Ord-
nance).
The Marquess of Londonderry.
The Earl of Liverpool (First Lord of the Treasury).
The Earl of Westmoreland (Lord Privy Seal).
Earls Gray and Carysfort.
The Earl of Aberdeen (President of the Society of Antiquaries).
Viscounts Sidmouth, Dudley, Deerhurst.
Lord S to well, Judge of the High Co art of Admiralty.
Lords Holland, St. Helen's, Henley, and Carrington.
The Lord Primate of Ireland.
The Bishops of Lincoln and Chester.
Lord John Russell.
Lord Robert Manners.
The Speaker of the House of Commons.
Count Munster, Hanoverian Minister.
Right Hon. Sir John Nicholl, Knight, Official Principal of Arches
Court of Canterbury.
„ Robert Peel, Secretary of State, Home Department.
,, Frederic Robinson, Chancellor of the Exchequer.
,, William Huskisson, Treasurer of the Navy, &c.
„ Charles W. Wynn, President of the Board of Con-
trol.
„ Sir Charles Long, Paymaster of the Forces.
Mr. Dawson and Mr, Hobhouse, Under Secretaries of State for
the Home Department.
Right Hon. William Freemantle.
„ George Tierney, M.P.
„ Thomas Grenville.
Henry Brougham, Esq., M.P.
Sir James Macintosh, M.P.
T. Frank Sotheron, Esq., M.P.
Mr. Banks, M.P.
Mr. Heber, M.P. for the University of Oxford.
Lieut.-Gen. Sir George Walker, G.C.B.
Mr. Mansfield, M.P.
Mr. Serjeant Vaughan.
The Solicitor- General.
William Hamilton, Esq., His Majesty's late Envoy at the Court
of Naples.
33G A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE COLLEGE.
Rev. Dr. Goodenough, Head Master of Wesfcminster School.
Rev. Dr. Butler, Head Master of Harrow School.
Rev. Dr. Maltbj, Preacher of Lincoln's Inn.
Rev. Dr. Copleston, Provost of Oriel College, Oxford.
Sir Thomas Lawrence, President of the Royal Academy.
Professor Buckland, President of the Greological Society.
The President and Vice-President of the College of Surgeons.
The Master and Wardens of the Society of Apothecaries.
&c., &c., &c.
" Several letters of excuse were sent, couched in the most re-
spectful terms to the College, and signifying the different reasons,
for the most part causes of unavoidable public business, which
prevented the writers being present at the ceremony.
" Among these were letters from —
The Earl of Eldon, Lord Chancellor.
The Duke of Bedford.
The Marquess Camden.
The Earl Bathurst, Secretary of State for the Colonies.
The Lord Grrenville, Chancellor of the University of Oxford.
The Bishops of London, Bristol, Exeter, Winchester.
Right Hon. George Canning, Secretary of State for Foreign
Affairs.
Lord Viscount Palmerston, Secretary at War.
The Earl of Harrowby, President of the Council.
The Earl Spencer, K.G.
" When the guests had taken their seats, the President, pre-
ceded by the beadle carrying the mace, and followed by more
than fifty fellows, walked in procession to the great room of the
library, where a raised seat had been prepared, before which on
a table were placed the cushion, the book of statutes, and the
mace.
" On each side of the President, the Censors seated themselves
in chairs ; the Elects of the College were placed on the right
hand, and the Fellows occupied the benches around which had
been appropriated to them.
" The President (wearing the decoration of the Royal Guelphic
order, which the King had been pleased to confer upon him that
morning), then delivered a most eloquent Latin inaugural oration,
to an audience of upwards of three hundred persons.
" When this was concluded, they all adjourned to the dining
room below, and were treated with a sumptuous collation. His
THE STATUTES. 337
Royal Highness the Duke of York was pleased to drink to the
prosperity of the College ; and afterwards all their royal high-
nesses condescendingly rose, and proposed the health of the
President of the College.
" The company separated about five o'clock, when the Presi-
dent and Fellows retired to the Library, and held the Comitia
Majora."
THE STATUTES OF THE COLLEGE.^
The first mention of the Statutes of the College in the Annals
is in the year 1524, where we read, " Constitutum est de ratione
condendi et rescindendi Statuta : de obediently prsestand^ Prse-
sidenti : de mulctis solvendis : et ne quis Medicus, medicamenta
aut faciat aut vendat ;" and in 1543, " Lecta publice sunt in
Comitiis, Statuta quae ex aequo ad omnes Collegas spectant, &c.,
eadem communi consensu recepta ut prius et confirmata sunt."
But these Statutes would seem to have been very imperfect, and
even at variance with each other, for Caius, writing in 1555,
says, " liber erat Statutorum," and adds, " sed sine ordine, sine
perfectione, sine concordia."
The Statutes were very carefully revised in 1563, during the
presidency of Caius, who under that date writes, "Absoluta et
perfecta sunt Statuta, et eleganter transcripta ;" and these would
seem to have been the foundation and model of all the Latin
Statutes that were subsequently made. They were further re-
vised in 1601, when we read in the Annals, " Ultimo Septembris :
Collegii Statuta, nuper aucta, et plenius ac perfectius emendata,
jam tertio in istis Comitiis societati ostenduntur, et unanimi
omnium consensu approbantur." It has been generally sup-
posed that the so-called " Vetera Statuta," a copy of which is to
be seen at the end of the fourth (copied) volume of the Annals,
may be this revised code of 1601.
^ The history of the Statutes was carefully investigated by Mr.
Roberts, the solicitor to the College, in the early part of the present
century, and my account of them above is little else than a tran-
script (with some additions) of the chapter concerning them ia the
Appendix to his MS. " On the College," p. 11 y et seq.
VOL. III. Z
338 THE STATUTES.
From that period the Statutes were altered as occasion re-
quired, till the year 1692, when the College seal was again
affixed to them, though they obtained no revisal at that time.
These Statutes have generally been considered as Statutes
passed at that period, but the reason of their bearing this date
was, that in an action against Peachy for refusing to pay the
yearly sum of forty shillings due by the Statute, the. College
was unable to prove when the bye-law was made ; and it was
therefore advised by the Court to have the Statutes confirmed
and new dated, and put under the common seal ; on which occa-
sion the following words were added to the book : " Ad toUendam
omnem dubitationis vel controversise ansam, quae de auctoritate
hujus antiqui libri, octoginta octo paginas comprehendentis, vel
de validitate Statutorum in eodem contentorum, aut propterek
quod Originalia Vetera unde descripta fuerunt non compareant,
aut quoquomodo alias oriri poterit, Prseses et Communitas Facul-
tatis Medicinse Londinensis ex auctoritate ejusdem Prsesidis et
Communitatis seu Collegii, in plenis Comitiis sanciverunt
rata fuerunt et confirmaverunt omnia et singula Statuta in libro
prsedicto exarata et contenta, quae sic incipiunt," &c., &c.
In 1696 the College was advised by counsel to have its
Statutes in English, in consequence of which they were trans-
lated and revised ; but in the year 1707 all the Statutes which
were not contained in those of 1692 were abrogated, and that
code was revived ; since which time and down to the passing of
the Medical Act, 21 and 22 Vict., the Statutes continued to be
written in Latin.
The next body of Statutes was passed in 1736, and, with one
or two unimportant exceptions, are the same as those of 1752.
In 1765 the Statutes underwent a complete revisal, with the
approbation of Mr. Charles Yorke, and these Statutes, though
altered from time to time, underwent no complete revision till
the year 1808, when the code which guided the College up to
and beyond 1825 was adopted.
I may add that the Latin Statutes underwent great alteration
and a final revision in 1835 and 1836 ; and that in the changes
consequent on the Medical Act, 21 and 22 Vict., Latin ceased
to be any longer the language of the Statutes, and a complete
PHESIDENTS. 339
body of " Bye-laws and Eegiilations," in English, adapted to the
altered circumstances of the medical profession and of the Col-
lege, was finally assented to and ratified by the common seal of
the College on the 22nd December, 1862.
PEESIDENTS OF THE COLLEGE.
By the Letters Patent of Henry the Eighth, constituting the
College of Physicians of London, it is directed that a president
should be chosen annually by the fellows from among them-
selves ; to superintend, correct, and govern the College, and all
men exercising the faculty of physic in London, or within seven
miles ; and the affairs thereof But by the Statute 14 Henry YIII,
this privilege and duty is withdrawn from the College at large,
and given to eight of the seniors of the College, who are thereby
constituted and styled Elects. It is therein directed, that the
President thenceforward is to be chosen exclusively by such
Elects, and as it would seem out of their own limited body, and
not, as under the Letters Patent, from the whole of the fellows.
Due provision is made by the statute to perpetuate this order
of Elects. In case of a vacancy of an Elect occurring by death
or otherwise, it was to be filled up by the survivors within thirty
or forty days after, by the selection and admission of one of the
most cunning and expert men in London, to complete the number
of eight. This imperium in imperio continued for more than
three centuries, in fact through the whole period comprised in
this work, and down to the year 1860, when, with a view to the
furtherance of the Medical Act of the 21 and 22 Vict., and of
the general interests of the College, an Act, 23 and 24 Vict, cap.
66, to amend the Medical Act just named, was passed, which
repealed so much of the Statute 14 and 15 Henry VIII as relates
to the Elects. The then body of Elects, at a meeting specially
convened for the purpose, and held 8th June, 1860, approved of
the proposed bill, and consented to allow their order to die out ;
and the functions they had hitherto performed to revert to the
College at large, as was originally the case under the provisions
of the charter. Among the most important of these functions
was the annual election of the president.
z 2
340 PRESIDENTS.
The rules concerning the office and duties of the President, in
the earliest statutes that have come down to us, the "Vetera
Statuta," which are believed to be those of 1601, were as fol-
lows ; but their spirit and style are so evidently those of Caius,
that they probably, in great part, date back to 1563.
Juramentum Prcesidentis. — Jurabis te pro viribus conaturum
ut honor et status Collegii conservetur, Statuta ejusdem pro sensu
grammaticali sine fraude aut fuco uUo observentur, teque studiose
perlecturum omnia Statuta et Annales Collegii intra menses
quatuor ab electione tua, nisi prius tibi cognita et perspecta
fuerint, omniaque acturum in salutem Eeipublicse et honestam
utilitatem Collegii. Ita te Deus adjuvet et sancta Dei Evangelia.
Juramentum deferet sen administrabit Praesidenti novo supe-
rioris anni Prsesidens, si adfuerit ; aut Consiliariorum alter, senior
potissimum si adsit, aut his absentibus senior ex Electis prse-
sentibus.
De Prcesidentis Admissione. — Qui juramentum detulit, idem
porrigat virtutis Insignia, — Pulvinar nempe honoris, Librum et
Caducseum, dicatque damns tibi praesidendi authoritatem, tradi-
musque Pulvinar honoris, Librum cognitionis, et Caducseum
gubernationis et prudentias, ut intelligat tua excellentia et cseteri
Collegse universi, cognitione et prudentia Collegium nostrum
stare et permanere. Quamobrem ne id memoria excidat tua, in
solemnioribus processionibus,pompis, et officiis, funeribus,aliisque
temporibus atque locis opportunis gestari curabis ante te per
bedellum Librum et Caducseum in cognitionis et prudentiae sig-
num, ut quod virtus postulat, id usus confirmet.
De Prcesidentis loco et dignitate. — Ejus locus primus esto et
dignitas prima, non modo in CoUegio sed omnibus aliis locis, eo
anno, quo Praesidens est ; ahorum vero locus esto pro ratione
gradus et senioritatis, sic ut seniores junioribus in suo quisque
genere atque ordine et intra Collegium et extra praeferantur.
Collegium vocamus non solum Congregationum aut Comitiorum
ordinarium locum, sed ipsos Conventus et Comitia etiam Col-
legarum, funeris processionis aut Convivii solennioris causa cele-
brata: ut et senioritatem non quam aetas aut longi temporis
gradus fecere, sed quam admissio in Collegium.
De Prcesidentis Officio. — lUi officium esto ut Comitia indicat, sed
PRESIDENTS. 341
qua ratione turn dicemus cum de Comitiis statuamus, turn ut
causas Comitiorum proponat, singulorum sententias excipiat, cum
majori parte decernat, pro Statuti ratione factiones excludat,
Electos, Consiliarios, literarum et morum Censores ut et Medici-
narum cum caeteris quorum interest eligat. In Collegis eligendis
aliorum suffragia primum accipiat, dein suum ferat, et pro majori
parte decernat, lites inter Collegas dirimat, sed id communi con-
silio et sententia Electorum et Censorum seorsim a reliquis
adliibitorum et eo modo quo in capite de Consiliariis dicetur
plenius. Curet prseterea ut Sigillum commune in arc^ communi
reservetur. Omnia ipse obsignabit in quse reliqui Collegse pro
ratione, officio aut statute consenserint. Si qui Libri Collegio
donentur, curet ut reponantur in Bibliotheca et ut exacto anno
suo eorum ratio reddatur novo Praesidenti, ostendanturque ei
nominatim ex Indice. Si quis sit redditus seu fructus annuus
ex fundis Collegii, siquid donetur Collegio, siquid aliis nominibus
accidat, procuret ut in communi area seu cista conservetur, cujus
ipse clavem unam, Consiliariorum item singuli unam alteram
habeant. Eationem item acceptorum et expensorum anni supe-
rioris exigat a Thesaurario cseterisque Collegii Officiariis in
prsesentia reKquorum Electorum eo tempore in urbe prsesentium,
quos omnes admoneri volumus ut computis audiendis intersint si
modo commode poterint, atque id imprimis videat ut Statuta
diligenter observentur, atque in Collegio legantur vel per se, vel
per Eegestarium vel per alium, pro sua voluntate et arbitrio, eo
nimirum modo atque forma, quo postea in Statutis provisum est
atque constitut\im.
The series of Presidents, from the foundation of the College in
1518, is as follows : —
1.
1518.
Thomas Linacre, M.D.,
Patav. et Oxon.
1525.
Not known.
2.
1526.
Thomas Bentley, M.D.,
Oxon.
3.
1527.
Richard Bartlot, M.D.,
Oxon.
1529.
Thomas Bentley, M.D.
Vide No. 2.
1531.
Richard Bartlot, M.D.
Vide No. 3.
1532.
Not known.
4.
1541.
Edward Wotton, M.D.,
, Patav. et Oxon.
5.
1544.
John Clement, M.D.
6.
1545.
William Freeman, M.D., Oxon.
342 PRESIDENTS.
7.
1547.
1548.
8.
1549.
9.
1551.
10.
1553.
11.
1555.
12.
1561.
1562.
1564.
13.
1568,
14
1569.
15.
1570.
1571.
1572.
1573.
16.
1581.
17.
1585.
18.
1589.
19
1600.
20.
1601.
21.
1604.
22.
1606.
23.
1609.
24.
1612.
1615.
1616.
1618.
1619.
25.
1620.
1621.
1624.
26.
1625.
27.
1628.
1629.
28.
1634.
29.
1641.
30.
1645.
31.
1650.
32.
1655.
33.
1667.
34.
1670.
35.
1676.
36.
1682.
37.
1683.
38.
1684.
39.
1688.
40.
1689.
41.
1692.
Jolin Bnrgess, M.D.
Richard Bartlot, M.D., Oxon. Vide No. 3.
John Fryer, M.D., Cantab.
Robert Huick, M.D., Cantab, et Oxon.
George Owen, M.D., Oxon.
John Cains, M.D., Patav. et Cantab.
Richard Masters, M.D., Oxon.
John Caius, M.D., Patav. et. Cantab. Vide No. 11.
Robert Huick, M.D., Cantab, et Oxon. Vide No. 9.
Thomas Francis, M.D., Oxon.
John Sjmings, M.D., Oxon.
Richard Caldwell, M.D., Oxon.
John Caius, M.D., Patav. et Cantab. Vide No. 11.
John Symings, M.D., Oxon. Vide No. 14.
Not known.
Roger Giffard, M.D., Oxon.
Richard Smith, M.D., Cantab.
William Baronsdale, M.D., Cantab.
William Gilbert, M.D., Cantab.
Richard Forster, M.D., Oxon.
Thomas Langton, M.D., Cantab.
Henry Atkins, M.D., Corb.
Sir William Paddy, M.D., Lugd Batav. et Oxon.
Thomas Moundford, M.D., Cantab.
Richard Forster, M.D., Oxon. Vide No. 20.
Henry Atkins, M.D., Corb. Vide No. 22.
Sir William Paddy, M.D., Lugd Batav. et Oxon.
Vide No. 23.
Thomas Moundford, M.D., Cantab. Vide No. 24.
Richard Palmer, M.D., Cantab.
Thomas Moundford, M.D., Cantab. Vide No. 24.
Henry Atkins, M.D., Corb. Vide No. 22.
John Argent, M.D., Cantab.
John Giffard, M.D., Oxon.
John Argent, M.D., Cantab. Vide No. 26.
Simeon Fox, M.D., Patav.
Othowell Meverell, M.D., Lugd Batav. et Cantab.
John Clarke, M.D., Cantab.
Sir Francis Prujean, M.D., Cantab.
Sir Edward Alston, M.D., Ca,ntab. et Oxon.
Francis Glisson, M.D., Cantab.
Sir George Ent, M.D., Patav. et Oxon.
Sir John Micklethwaite, M.D., Patav. et Oxon.
Thomas Coxe, M.D., Patav. et Oxon.
Daniel Whistler, M.D., Lugd Batav. et Oxon.
Sir Thomas Witherley, M.D., Cantab,
George Rogers, M.D., Patav. et Oxon.
Walter Charleton, M.D., Oxon.
Thomas Burwell, M.D., Lugd Batav. et Oxon.
42.
1694.
43.
1695.
44.
1696.
45.
1704.
46.
1708.
47.
1709.
48.
1712.
49.
1716.
60.
1719.
61.
1735.
52.
1740.
63.
1746.
64.
1750.
65.
1750.
56.
1754.
67.
1764.
68.
1765.
69.
1767.
60.
1775.
61.
1785.
62.
1791.
1792.
1794.
1795.
1796.
63.
1804.
64.
1811.
65.
1813.
66.
1820.
TREASURERS. 343
John Lawson, M.D., Patav. et Cantab.
Samuel Collins, M.D., Patav. et Oxon.
Sir Thomas Millington, M.D., Oxon.
Edward Browne, M.D., Cantab, et Oxon.
Josiah Clerk, M.D., Cantab.
Charles Goodall, M.D., Cantab.
William Dawes, M.D., Lugd Batav. et Cantab.
John Bateman, M.D., Oxon.
Sir Hans Sloane, bart., M.D., Aurant et Oxon.
Thomas Pellett, M.D., Cantab.
Henry Plumptre, M.D., Cantab.
Richard Tyson, M.D., Cantab.
James Jurin, M.D., Cantab.
April 2. William Wasey, M.D., Cantab.
Thomas Reeve, M.D., Cantab.
William Battle, M.D., Cantab.
Sir Wilham Browne, M.D., Cantab.
Thomas Lawrence, M.D., Oxon.
William Pitcairn, M.D., Oxon.
Sir G-eorge Baker, bart., M.D., Cantab.
Thomas Grisborne, M.D., Cantab.
Sir G-eorge Baker, bart., M.D., Cantab. Vide
No. 61.
Thomas Gisborne, M.D., Cantab. Vide No. 62.
Sir George Baker, bart., M.D., Cantab. Vide
No. 61.
Thomas Gisborne, M.D., Cantab. Vide No. 62.
Sir Lucas Pepys, bart., M.D., Oxon.
Sir Francis Milman, bart., M.D., Oxon.
John Latham, M.D., Oxon.
Sir Henry Halford, bart., M.D., Oxon.
67. 1844. John Ayrton Paris, M.D., Cantab.^
68. 1857. Thomas Mayo, M.D., Oxon.
69. 1862. Sir Thomas Watson, bart., M.D., Cantab.
TREASURERS OF THE COLLEGE FROM THE ESTA-
BLISHMENT OF THAT OFFICE IN 158.3.
For the first fifty years from the foundation of the College of
Physicians, the Presidents performed all the duties of Treasurer.
^ I add here, as I shall do in other lists to follow, the names of
such fellows of the College as appear in the body of the Roll, and
have filled the office of President, Treasurer, Registrar, Harveian
Orator, or Lecturer since the opening of the College in Pall Mall
East in 1825.
344 TREASURERS.
Caius records that on his election to the Presidency in 1555
he received from his predecessor the sum of thirty-eight shillings
and sixpence only; but that on the 17th of October, 1561, he
handed over to his successor in the presidential chair. Dr.
Richard Masters, the whole of the College funds, amounting
then to fifty-five pounds, thirteen shillings, and threepence. The
office of Treasurer was created on the 11th ]N"ovember, 1583 ; ^
and on the 14th of that month, Dr. Baronsdale was elected to
it.^ The office and duties of Treasurer were then defined as
follow : —
1583. Dec. 23. De Munere et Officio Thesaurarii CoUegii sic
decretum est.
1. Universos Collegii redditus, proficua, et emolumenta, quae
annuatim accrescunt Collegio, recipiet; ac in sua custodia ad
usus Collegii tuto conservabit.
2. Collegii utensilia, et res alias Collegio necessarias, quoties
opus fuerit, procurabit; CoUegiique bona, hbros, supellectilem,
caeteraque ornamenta ad decus Collegii pertinentia, quantum
in se est, tuto et decenter conservabit.
3. Si quid emendandum est, et reparandum in Collegii sedi-
ficiis, providebit ut iUud omne suo tempore, recte et opportune
fiat.
4. Lites omnes Collegii et causas juridicas ipse, una cum
Prsesidente (si modo adsit Prsesidens) vel si absit, una cum
Proprsesidente, secundum juris cursum prosequetur.
5. Singulis Collegii Officiariis sua salaria et stipendia, se-
cundum Statuta debita, ad quatuor usuales anni terminos per-
solvet.
6. Computi sui rationem, bis in quolibet anno, Prsesidenti et
reliquis CoUegis in pleno Collegio reddet ; si modo ad illud
requisitus et prsemonitus fuerit ; ut inde quis sit Collegii status
evidenter cognoscatur.
7. Intra mensem post festum Michaelis, perfectam et ple-
^ 1583. N"ov. xj. " Item hie plenarie et ultimo conclusum est,
et concordatum, ut Thesaurarius aliquis Collegii eligatnr et con-
stituatur."
' 1583. Nov. xiv. " D. Baronsdale olectus et nominatus est
Thesaurarius Collegii pro hoc integro auno."
TREASURERS. 345
nariam computi sui rationem, pro integro anno reddet, eo nempe
die, quern D. Prses. pro tempore illi assignabit ; et to tarn illam
pecuniae summam, quae sibi pro pede computi remanebit, csete-
raque CoUegii bona, supellectilem, et utensilia, quae in sua cus-
todia sunt, in manus Praesidentis reddet et deliberabit.
8. Bill^ sua obligatoria Praesid. et Societati obligabitur,
eodem die quo admittitur, ut omnes illas pecuniarum summas,
quibus ex computi sui ratione just^ onerabitur, CoUegii officia-
riis ad illud designatis, fideliter persolvat intra unam septi-
manam post plenariam computi sui rationem pro illo anno
redditam.
9. In reparandis CoUegii aedificiis, et in rebus necessariis
pro CoUegio coemendis non insumet ultra quadraginta soUdos
sine Praesid : vel Propraesid : consensu.
10. Pro annuo stipendio, Tliesaurario aUocabuntur ex CoUegii
sumptibus annuatim xl soUdi.
11. Decretum est praeterea, ut ex singuUs in CoUegii socie-
tatem admittendis ; ex singuUs item iUis, qui vel in Candidatorum
caetum, vel in Permissorum numerum aggregabuntur, accipiat
vi s viii d in tempore admissionis suae.^
The foUowinsf is a list of the Treasurers : —
1.
1583.
William Baronsdale, M.D.
2.
1587.
William Gilbert, M.D.
s!
1593.
Ralph Wilkinson, M.D.
4.
1594.
Christopher Johnson, M.D.
1597.
William Gilbert, M.D. Vide l^o. 2.
5.
1600.
Richard Forster, M.D.
6.
1601.
Thomas Tiangton, M.D.
1604.
William Baronsdale, M.D. Vide No. 1.
7.
1609.
George Turner, M.D.
8.
1610.
Mark Ridley, M.D.
9.
1612.
Edward Lister, M.D.
1620.
Mark Ridley, M.D. Vide No. 8.
10.
1621.
Richard Palmer, M.D.
11.
1625.
John Giffard, M.D.
12.
1628.
William Harvey, M.D.
13.
1629.
Simeon Fox, M.D.
1634.
John Giffard, M.D. Vide No. 11.
^ These rules are repeated almost verbatim in the Vetera Statuta
and in many subsequent revisions of the Statutes.
346 KEGISTHARS.
14.
1643.
John Clarke, M.D.
15.
1645.
Othowell Meverell, M.D.
16.
1649.
Sir Edward Alston, M.D.
17.
1655.
Sir Francis Prujean, M.D.
18.
1664.
Baldwin Hamej, M.D.
19.
1667.
Sir John Micklethwaite, M.D.
20.
1676.
Thomas Coxe, M.D.
21.
1682.
Daniel Whistler, M.D.
22.
1683.
George Rogers, M.D.
23.
1686.
Sir Thomas Millington, M.D.
24.
1690.
Thomas Burwell, M.D.
25.
1692.
John Lawson, M.D.
26.
1694.
Edward Browne, M.D.
27.
1704.
Edward Hulse, M.D.
28.
1709.
Josiah Clerk, M.D.
29.
1714.
Walter Harris, M.D.
30.
1718.
Henry Levett, M.D.
31.
1721.
Thomas West, M.D.
1723.
Henry Levett, M.D. Vide No. 30
32.
1725.
Henry Plumptre, M.D.
33.
1727.
George Wharton, M.D.
34.
1739.
Richard Tyson, M.D.
35.
1746.
Samuel Horsman, M.D.
36.
1752.
Sir William Browne, M.D.
37.
1754.
Thomas Wilbraham, M.D.
38.
1762.
Henry Hinckley, M.D.
39.
1780.
Robert Thomlinson, M.D.
40.
1788.
Sir Lucas Pepys, bart., M.D.
41.
1799.
Richard Budd, M.D.
42.
1814.
William George Maton, M.D.
43.
1820.
George Gilbert Currey, M.D.
44.
1822.
Thomas Turner, M.D.
45. 1845. Edward Thomas Monro, M.D.
REGISTRARS OF THE COLLEGE, FROM THE ESTA-
BLISHMENT OF THE OFFICE IN 1579.
The office of Registrar was instituted in 1579, and Roger
Marbeck, M.D., was appointed thereto. Having filled the office
for two years, he was, on the 3rd November, 1581, elected for
life. The duties of Registrar were then defined as follow : —
" Officium Regestarii est hujusmodi. In singulis CoUegii comi-
tiis sive solennibus congressibus, legitime et tempestiv^ admo-
nitus personaliter adsit : ibique quicquid actum et conclusum
REGISTRARS. 347
fuerit per Prsesidentis et majoris partis consensum, id omne
fideliter adnotet, et referat in librum,
" Quod si vel per valetudinem, vel per graviora aliqua negotia,
impeditus fuerit aliquando, quo minus possit commode adesse ;
tunc unum aliquem ex numero Doctorum CoUegii exoret, quern
pro suo deputato ad tempus substituat ; qui et fideliter absentiae
suae causas Preesidenti significet, et locum suum diligenter sup-
pleat. Si secus fecerit toties quoties vel ipse abfuerit vel in hac
parte deliquerit in summa 12 denariorum ad Collegii usus
mulctetur."
"1582. Mail 2. In istis Comitiis unanimi consensu conclusum
est, et confirmatum pro ultima vice, ut stipendium Eegestarii
augeatur in hac quae sequitur forma. Quoniam Officium Eegestarii
laboriosius jam esse csepit quam fuit primo suspicandum ; et sti-
pendium pro ilia re nimis videtur exiguum ; idcirco ex speciali
gratia concessum et plenari^ conclusum est, ut a singulis illis
qui a festo Michaelis proxime elapso vel permissi sunt vel
mulctati, vel posthac permittentur vel mulctabuntur, e singulis
pecuniarum libris, quas CoUegio solverint, duo solidi et sex denarii
Eegestario, ad stipendium suum adaugendum, allocentur."^
The following is a list of the Eegistrars : —
1.
1579.
Roger Marbeck, M.D.
2.
1605.
Ealph Wilkinson, M.D.
3.
1608.
Matthew Gwinne, M.D.
4.
1627.
Simeon Fox, M.D.
6.
1629.
William Clement, M.D.
6.
1636.
Eleazer Hodson, M.D.
7.
1639.
Othowell Meverell, M.D.
8.
1641.
Sir Francis Prujean, M.D.
9.
1646.
Baldwin Harney, M.D.
1647.
Sir Francis Prujean, M.D. Vide No. 8.
1650.
Baldwin Hamey, M.D. Vide No. 9.
10.
1655.
Sir George Ent, M.D.
11.
1670.
William Stanes, M.D.
12.
1674.
Daniel Whistler, M.D.
13.
1682.
Samuel CoUins, M.D.
14
1685.
Thomas Burwell, M.D.
^ These regulations, but Httle altered, except as regards tlit
Honoraria, appear in the Vetera Statuta, and in many of the sub-
sequent revisions of the Statutes.
348 THE ANNALS OF THE COLLEGE.
Richard Griffith, M.D.
John Bateman, M.D.
Thomas Gill, M.D.
John Bateman, M.D. Vide No. 16.
Humphrey Brooke, M.D.
Henry Plump tre, M.D.
Richard Tyson, M.D.
Laurence Martel, M.D.
Thomas Reeve, M.D.
William Bedford, M.D.
Thomas Lawrence, M.D.
Anthony Askew, M.D.
Richard Tyson, M.D.
Henry Revell Reynolds, M.D.
James Hervey, M.D.
Joseph Cope, M.D.
Clement Hue, M.D.
William Macmichael, M.D.
15.
1690.
16.
1691.
17.
1692.
1702.
18.
1716.
19.
1718.
20.
1723.
21.
1737.
22.
1739.
23.
1745.
24.
1747.
25.
1767.
26.
1774.
27.
1781.
28.
1784.
29.
1814.
30.
1815.
31.
1824.
32. 1829. Francis Hawkins, M.D.
THE ANNALS OF THE COLLEGE.
In 1555, Dr. Caius, then in the first year of his Presidency,
began to collect the transactions of the College from its com-
mencement in 1518, and to lay the foundation for the Annals
that we now possess. For all that he notes prior to December,
1547, the date of his admission to the fellowship, he must have
been indebted to books ^ or memoranda no longer in existence,
to tradition, and to the recollection of his seniors in the College.
The records before 1547 are fragmentary and imperfect, and
there are none for the eleven years from 1531 to 1541. " Ab
anno 1531 ad 1541," writes Caius himself, " quid actum sit in
CoUegio, quis ei prsesidebat, qui consuluerunt, qui Censores
fuere, non extat ; nisi quod interea temporis assumpti sunt in
Collegium anno 1536 Joaiies Fryar Jo. Burges et Rob. Huyc,
doctores." Records are wanting also for the five years from
* Caius, writing in 1555, says, " Actorum liber erat ; sed sine
nomine." This book is no longer extant.
THE ANNALS OF THE COLLEGE. 349
1564 to 1568, both included, during the greater portion of which
time Caius was at Cambridge, engaged on the affairs of the col-
lege there which bears his name. In 1569 Dr. Caius is again
in London, and resumes the College Annals, which he continued
to 1572, the year before his death. There is then another blank
until 1581, on the 3rd of November in which year Eoger Mar-
beck, M.D., was elected for life to the office of Eegistrar, one of
the most important of whose duties as then defined was to note
and faithfully register in a book the proceedings and acts of the
College. How fully and admirably Dr. Marbeck did this the
Annals for the period he held the office of Eegistrar sufficiently
testify. From the date of Dr. Marbeck's appointment down to
the present time the Annals, with one exception, are complete.
The XlVth volume, comprising the ten years from June, 1771,
to June, 1781, has been missing for many years. This volume
is said to have been abstracted from the College in Warwick-
lane at the end of the last or the beginning of the present cen-
tury and it is presumed destroyed, by a Fellow of the College
during his tenure of office as Treasurer, whose rejection by the
Censors' board, when he first came before them for examination
as Candidate, stood recorded in that volume.
The Annals, which originally and for many years were written
in Latin, towards the end of the 17th century began to be kept
in English. This change was made advisedly, and on the recom-
mendation of counsel, the variety of styles in Latin and the un-
certain acceptation of many Latin phrases rendering the Annals
as a record of less legal value than if they were written in English,
and in the plainest words.-^ They have been so kept from
that time.
During Dr. Whistler's tenure of office as Eegistrar the
Annals were very carelessly kept, and the few entries made
* 1691-2, Feb. v. " Some of the Fellows inquiring the reason
why the Eegister was now kept in Enghsh which formerly used to
be in Latin, answer was made that this was done by advice of our
counsel, who told us that by reason of the variety of styles in Latin,
and the uncertain acceptation of many Latin phrases, the Eegister
Book would not be that use to the College as a record upon many
occasions as if it were kept in English, and that in the plainest
words that could be." Annales.
350
LECTURES AND LECTURERS.
by him are inserted without any attempt at natural sequence
or order. To prevent a recurrence of such irregularity, it was
decreed that the Book of Annals should be inspected by the
Censors in the week immediately preceding each of the four ordi-
nary quarterly Comitia, to see that the proceedings of the College
were duly recorded.^ But this rule, if ever acted on (of which
there is no proof), soon fell into desuetude. I add the dates at
which each volume of the Annals begins and ends : —
Vol. I begins with 1518, ends with 1572.
n ,
, 30th September, 1581,
ends
III ,
, 22nd December, 1608,
))
IV ,
, 30th September, 1647,
5)
V ,
, 26th June, 1682,
J)
VI ,
, 80th September, 1691,
5)
VII ,
, 30th September, 1695,
?)
VIII ,
, 12th January, 1710-11,
5»
IX ,
, 19th March, 1721-2,
5J
X ,
, 26th June, 1732,
)J
XI ,
, 4th January, 1744-5,
J5
XII ,
, 8th March, 1753,
J)
XIII ,
, 5th April, 1765,
J)
XIV
Missing.
XV ,
, 25th June, 1781,
})
XVI ,
, 6th April, 1789,
J?
XVII ,
, 11th January, 1800,
5)
XVIII ,
, 5th June, 1807,
)J
XIX ,
, 1st March, 1811,
55
XX ,
, 24th April, 1817,
J)
30th September, 1608.
3rd September, 1647.
25th June, 1682.
17th January, 1690-1.
26th September, 1695.
22nd December, 1710.
2nd March, 1721-2.
2nd June, 1732.
22nd December, 1744.
2nd March, 1753.
1st April, 1765.
7th June, 1771.
1st April, 1789.
23rd December, 1799.
28th May, 1807.
1st February, 1811.
11th April, 1817.
30th September, 1825.
LECTURES AND LECTUEERS.
Anatomy Lectures. — At a very early period in the history
of the College of Physicians we read of " Anatomy Lectures,"
^ 1684, Dec. xxii. " Constitutum est, quod Librum Annalium
Collegii singulis septimanis ante stata Comitia ad quatuor anni
tempera asque distantia celebrata, Censores inspiciant, quo plenis
Comitiis referatur num Decreta ibidem descripta, rite observata
fuerint." Annates.
LECTURES AND LECTURERS. 351
delivered annually in the College, and of the duty that devolved
on each fellow of giving them in his turn. There is nothing in
the Annals to show when or under what circumstances these
anatomy lectures were instituted. It was probably about 1565^
when permission was obtained from queen Elizabeth, under the
broad seal, for dissections to be performed within the walls of
the College. The object of these lectures undoubtedly was to
promote the study and maintain an adequate knowledge of ana-
tomy in all persons who practised physic under the sanction of
the College, for the Candidates and Licentiates were regularly
summoned to attend the lectures, and were liable to be fined if
they omitted to do so. The first mention of the anatomy lec-
tures in the Annals is in 1569-70, and it is in terms which
seem to indicate that they were already established, and that it
was a recognised rule that the fellows of the College were to
deliver them in turn.^ Due care was taken that the " subjects "
^ Vide Note, p. 319. The words of the grant of Elizabeth are : —
*' Quod jure publico hujus regni furti homicidii vel cujuscumque
felonise condemnatum et mortuum fuerit." Goodall, on College
Affairs, p. 35.
^ Among the earliest Statutes that have come down to us is the fol-
lowing : — " Prselectio Anatomica apud majores nostros ejus momenti
semper habita est, ufc paucissimis ex omni memoria Collegis, neque
id nisi propter gravissimas causas, facta cit gratia excusandi sese ab
eo munere. Ne autem id soepius fieret ut hujusmodi dispensationes
in consuetudinem et exemplum abirent inde metus erat ne tam
utilis institutio paulatim intercideret, obviam eundum esse putave-
runt, per Statuta et paenas principio leves, et aucta periculo postea
graviores. Quorum prudens institutum nos sequi cupientes, nae
admittendi posthac in Societatem Collegii adducti spe similiter de-
clinandi in perpetuum hujus laboris minus serio ei studio anJmum
intendant : Statuimus et Ordmamus^ ut recusantibus munus ordinarise
prsolecturas Anatomicae, et volentibus in totum se eximere ab eo
onere, paena sit viginti librarum persolvendarum Collegio, nisi
propter gravissima impedimenta Praesidenti et majori parti Collega-
rum in plenis Comitiis approbanda : nam in causis minoris momenti,
et in quibus non perpetu^ exemptionis sed laxionis temporis ad
legendum gratia quasritur, relinquimus arbitrio Prgesidentis, quousq
id patentibus concedendum sit; modo dilatio concessa terminum
septem mensium non excedat. In quo etiam casu, volumus ut
dilatio prioris lecturae non cedat in beneficium succcdentis proB-
lectoris, sed ut is, tempus praeceptum sibi a Praesidente perinde
teneatur observare, ac si nulla tabs dilatio." Goodall's MS. On
College Affairs, pp. 55-G.
352 LECTURES AND LECTURERS.
used for dissection should be decently buried in wooden cofiins,*
and they were interred with the usual religious rites in the
churchyard of the parish in which the College was situated.^
The anatomy lectures continued to be given with varying regu-
larity up to the destruction of the College in Amen-corner, in
the great fire of 1666, and possibly for some time longer, but
there are reasons to believe that they were discontinued about
that time, and allowed to merge in or be superseded by the Gul-
stonian lectures, to be presently mentioned.
LuMLEiAN Lectures and Lecturers. — In the twenty-fourth
year of queen Elizabeth, anno 1581, Eichard Caldwell, M.D., a
fellow of the College, and the Lord Lumley, obtained her Ma-
jesty's leave, under the broad seal, to found a surgical lecture in
the College of Physicians, and to endow it with forty pounds
per annum, laid as a rent-charge upon the lands of Lord Lumley
and Dr. Caldwell, and their heirs for ever. Lord Lumley's
moiety of twenty pounds was charged on his estates in Sussex,
called Avenall, and thQ rectory of Billinghurst ; and Dr. Cald-
well's moiety on estates in Anstey and Burton-upon-Trent, and
at Wellington and Eepton, in Derbyshire. The CoUege, on the
grant of the letters patent, " did immediately decree that one
hundred pounds should be forthwith taken out of their public
stock to build the College rooms more ample and spacious for
the better celebration of this most solemn lecture." At first the
appointment to the Lumleian lectureship was for life, and so it
continued for many years ; then for a short time it was for five
years ; but since 1825 the lecturer has been nominated annually,
but generally for two years in succession.
The following is a list of the lecturers on the Lumleian founda-
tion : —
^ "1608. Feb. xxiv. Decretum ut cadavera dissecta per Prso-
lectores Anatomicos deinceps cophino sepeliantur ligneo, e sumptibus
Collegii." Annales.
^ In the Burial Register of St. Martin's Ludgate, we read: —
" 1615. Feb. 28, was buried an anatomy from the College of Phy-
sicians." Burn J. S., Registrum Ecclesice Parochialis. The His-
tory of Parish Registers in England. 2nd ed. 8vo. Lend. 1862, p.
124.
LECTURES AND LECTURERS. 353
1582. ? Richard Forster, M.D.i
1602. William Dunne, M.D. Obt. May, 1607.
1607. June 5. Thomas Davies, M.D. Obt. Aug., 1615.
1615. Aug. William Harvey, M.D.
Harvey commenced his Lumleian lectures at the College in
April, 1616, and is generally supposed to have expounded on
that occasion those original and complete views of the circulation
of the blood which have made him the glory and honour of
English physicians. He resigned his lectureship in July, 1656.
Sir Charles Scarburgh, M.D. Obt. 26
Feb., 1693-4.
Samuel Collins, M.D., junr. Obt. 11
April, 1710.
Walter Harris, M.D. Obt. 1 Aug., 1732.''
Henry Plumptre, M.D.
Robert Nesbitt, M.D., "for five years."
Frank Mcholls, M.D., " for five years."^
Resigned 1749.
William Battie, M.D., "for five years."*
Thomas Lawrence, M.D.
Swithin Adee, M.D. Obt. 12 Aug., 1786.
Thomas Healde, M.D. Obt. 26 Mar.,
1789.
James Hervey, M.D. Resigned 1811.
Richard Powell, M.D. Resigned 1823.
1656.
July 28.
1694.
Sept. 10.
1710.
Oct. 23.
1732-3.
Mar. 19.
1740-1.
Mar. 23.
1746.
Aug. 30.
1749.
Nov.
1755.
Dec.
1773.
1786.
Dec. 22.
1789.
1811.
1827.
1829.
Peter Mere Latham, M.D.'
John Elliotson, M.D.«
* The date of the appointment of the first Lumleian lecturer,
Dr. Forster, is not recorded, but it would seem to have been in
1582 or 1583, on the receipt of the indenture (3rd August, 1582),
establishing the lecture. There is a note on the 17th July, 1584, of
the want of attendance at these "the Chirurgical lectures."
' 1711. De Ossibus Capitis. 1714. On Phlegmon. 1715. De
Erysipelate et de Morbis Cutaneis. 1716. De Febribus.
^ 1746. De Anima Medica.
* 1749. De Principiis Animalibus Exercitationes in Coll. Reg.
Medic. Lond. habitee. 4to. Lond. 1757.
* 1827. On Some Diseases of the Heart: in London Medical
Gazette. Vol. iii.
^ 1829. On the Recent Improvements in the Art of Distinguishing
the Various Diseases of the Heart. Folio. Lond. 1830.
VOL. III. 2 A
354 LECTUEES AND LECTURERS.
1831. Thomas Watson, M.D.^
1833. Francis Hawkins, M.D.
1835. Francis Bisset Hawkins, M.D.
1837. Ricliard BrigH M.D.
1838. Thomas Mayo, M.D.»
1840. Francis Hawkins, M.D.
1842. Thomas Mayo, M.D.3
1845. Sir George Lefevre, M.D.
1847. James Arthur Wilson, M.D.'
1851. John Carr Baddeley, M.D.
1854. James Copland, M.D.
1856. Robert Lee, M.D.^
1858. Alexander Tweedie, M.D.«
GuLSTONiAN Lectuees AND LECTURERS. — Dr. Goulston, a fellow
of the College, who died 4th May, 1632, by his will, dated 26th
April, 1632, bequeathed to the College of Physicians two hun-
dred pounds, to purchase a rent-charge for the maintenance of
an annual lecture, to be read within the College some time
between Michaelmas and Easter, by one of the four youngest
doctors of the College. A dead body was, if possible, to be pro-
cured, and two or more diseases treated of, upon the forenoons
and afternoons of three successive days. The sum of two hun-
dred pounds was accordingly laid out by the doctor's widow in
the purchase of the annual rent of twelve pounds, charged on
lands called Fennes and Buckwoods, in the parish of Booking,
in Essex ; and by a deed dated the 24th July, 1635, Mrs. Goul-
ston conveyed this rent-charge to the College of Physicians,
upon trust, that they should procure one of the four youngest
doctors to read a lecture on some dead body (if it could be pro-
^ 1831. On Haemorrhage; in London Medical Gazette. Vol. x, p.
433.
* 1839. On the Pathology of Morgagni. London Medical Gazette
for 1840.
^ 1842. On Nervous Apoplexy and Palsy and Hysteria. London
Medical Gazette for 1843.
* 1847. On Pain.
^ 1856-7. On the Nervous Structures and Action of the Heart and
Uterus. Medical Times and Gazette. Vol. xv, 1857.
* 1858. On the Distinctive Characters, Pathology, and Treatment
of Continued Fevers. 8vo. Lond. 1862.
LECTURES AND LECTURERS. 355
cured), to be dissected as the President and Elects should think
necessary for the diseases to be treated of ; the lecture to be read
yearly, between Christmas and Easter, on three days together ;
and the reader to treat of three or more diseases, as the seniors
of the College should direct ; ten pounds to be paid to the doctor
who should read, and two pounds to the dissector and for bury-
ing the body.^ The following is the best list that I can supply
of the lecturers on the Gulstonian foundation : —
1639. WilHam Rant, M.D.^
1640. Francis Glisson, M.D.
1641. Thomas Sheaf, M.D.
1642. Sir George Ent, M.D.
1644. Sir John Micklethwaite, M.D.
1645. Assuerns Regimorter, M.D.^
1647. Nathan Paget, M.D.
1648. Jonathan Goddard, M.D.
1649. Edward Emily, M.D.*
1650. Edmund Trench, M.D.
1654. Christopher Merrett, M.D.«
1675. Samuel Collins, M.D., jun.
1684. William Dawkins, M.D.
1685. Charles Goodall, M.D.
1693. Humphrey Ridley, M.D.«
1694. Sir Samuel Garth, M.D."^
1695. Barnham Soame, M.D.
1704. John Branthwait, M.D.«
1707. George Colebrook, M.D.^
1710. John Woodward, M.D.^"
' Roberts' MS. On the College. Appendix, pp. 43, 44.
"^ 1639. " De Morbis Partium, quibus optime doctissimeque se
gessit."
^ 1645. De Capite. Hamey, Bust, aliquot Reliq.
* 1649. De Atomis. Hamey, Bust, aliquot Reliq.
^ 1659. Junii 25. Quoniam autem complures munus Anato-
micum a Dre. Gulstono institutum, praestituto tempore expleturi,
datam fidem f allunt ; idcirco cautum est, ut si quispiam posthac munus
id a se susceptum, stato tempore non prasstet, is continuo plectatur
mulcta decem librarum ; et si iterum sponte idem munus in se sus-
ceperit, malumq nomen fuerit, fidemve denuo contemeraverit dupli
paBua teneatur (nempe 20 li).
" 1693. On the Brain.
'' 1694. De Respiratione.
^ 1704. "DeHepate."
' 1707. On the Vessels of the Thorax.
'° 1710. " On the Bile and its Uses."
2 A 2
356 LECTURES AND LECTURERS.
1711. Henry Plumptre, M.D.'
1718. John Freind, M.D.
1720. Stephen Chase.
1721. Pierce Dod, M.D.
1722. William Stnkeley, M.D.='
1725. William Rntty, M.D.«
1727. William Wood, M.D.
1728. Jonathan Gouldsmith, M.D.
1732. Francis Clifton, M.D.
1734 Frank Nicholls, M.D.*
1736. Do. do.^
1737. Benjamin Hoadley, M.D.^
1738. Robert Bankes, M.D.
1739. Charles Cotes, M.D.
1740. William Bedford, M.D.
1741. James Hawley, M.D.
1744. Thomas Lawrence, M.D.
1749. William Heberden, M.D.
1750. Robert Taylor, M.D.
1751. William Mushet, M.D.
1752. William Pitcairn, M.D.
1753. Robert Watson, M.D.
1755. Mark Akenside, M.D.
1756. Nicholas Miinckley, M.D.
1757. Anthony Addington, M.D.
1758. Richard Brocklesby, M.D.
1759. Noah Thomas, M.D.
1760. Thomas Gisborne, M.D.
1763. Thomas Healde, M.D.
1764. Richard Warren, M.D.
1765. Anthony Relhan, M.D.
1767. Swithen Adee, M.D.
1768. John Lewis Petit, M.D.
1774. Richard Jebb, M.D.
1775. Henry Revell Reynolds, M.D.
1776. John Burges, M.D.
1777. Lncas Pepys, M.D.
^ 1711. De Ventre infimo, de morbo hypochondriaco, colicli et
iliaca passione.
* 1722. On the Spleen ; its Description and History, Uses and
Diseases. Folio. Lond. 1723.
^ 1725. A Treatise of the Urinary Passages, containing their
description, powers, and uses,; as delivered at the Gulstonian
lectures. 4to. Lond. 1726.
* 1734. On the Heart and Circulation.
* 1736. The Urinary Organs and Stone.
* 1737. Three Lectures on the Organs of Respiration. 4to.
Lond. 1740.
LECTURES AND LECTURERS. 357
1778. Jolm Rawlinson, M.D.
1779. Samuel Musgrave, M.D.^
1780. Francis Milman, M.D.
1781. Richard Budd, M.D.
1783. James Hervey, M.D.
1784. John Matthews, M.D.
1785. John Gideon Caulet, M.D.
1786. David Pitcairn, M.D.
1787. Francis Riollay, M.D.
1788. James Robertson Barclay, M.D.
1789. George Fordyce, M.D.^
1790. William Anstin, M.D.^
1791. John Ash, M.D.
1792. William Saunders, M.D.*
1793. John Latham, M.D.
1794. Matthew Baillie, M.D.^
1795. Edward Roberts, M.D.
1796. John Hunter, M.D.
1797. Christopher Robert Pemberton, M.D.
1798. Paggen William Mayo, M.D.
1799. Richard PowelJ, M.D.«
1800. Algernon Frampton, M.D.
1801. Edward Ash, M.D.
1802. Charles Gower, M.D.
1803. William George Maton, M.D.
1804. James Franck, M.D.
1805. George Gilbert Currey, M.D.
1806. Edward Nathaniel Bancroft, M.D."'
1807. Charles Dalston Nevinson, M.D.
1808. Pelham Warren, M.D.
1809. Clement Hue, M.D.
1810. Thomas Young, M.D.
1811. Joseph Ager, M.D.
^ 1779. Gulstonian lectures on Dyspnoea, Pleurisy, Peripneumony,
and Pulmonary Consumption. 8vo. Lond. 1779.
=^ 1789. On the Digestion of Food. 8vo. Lond. 1791.
^ 1 790. A Treatise on the Stone, its origin and component parts.
8vo. Lond. 1791.
* 1792. A Treatise on the Structure, Economy, and Diseases of
the Liver. 8vo. Lond. 1793.
' 1794. On the Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System,
in Lectures, and Observations on Medicine, by the late Matthew
BaiUie, M.D. Royal 8vo. Lond. 1825. p. 93.
^ 1 799. Observations on the Bile and its Diseases, and on the
Economy of the Liver. 8vo. Lond. 1800.
' 1806. Essay on Yellow Fever; with observations conceming
Febrile Contagion, Typhus, Dysentery, and the Plague. 8vo. Lond.
1811.
358 LECTURES AND LECTURERS.
1812. Richard Simmons, M.D.
1813. Joseph Cope, M.D.
1814. James Tattersall, M.D.
1816. John Noble Johnson, M.D.
1817. Grant David Yeats, M.D.^
1818. George Leman Tuthill, M.D.
1819. Peter Mere Latham, M.D.
1820. Richard Harrison, M.D.
1821. John Ranicar Park, M.D.^
1822. Francis Willis, M.D.»
1823. John Elliotson, M.D.
1826. Francis Hawkins, M.D,*
1827. Thomas Watson, M.D.
1828. Francis Bisset Hawkins, M.D.^
1829. Edward James Seymour, M.D.^
1830. Henry Holland, M.D.
1831. William Front, M.D.'
1832. Peter Mark Roget, M.D.«
1833. Richard Bright, M.D.^
1835. * Alexander PHlip Wilson Philip, M.D.^°
1837. * Roderick Macleod,'M.D."
1838. James Copland, M.D.
^ 1817. Observations on the Duodenum. Medical Trans. Vol.vi,
p. 325.
» 1821. The Pathology of Fever. 8vo. Lond. 1822.
3 1822. A Treatise on Mental Derangement. 8vo. Lond. 1823.
* 1826. Rheumatism and some Diseases of the Heart and other
Internal Organs. 8vo. Lond. 1826.
' 1828. Elements of Medical Statistics. 8vo. Lond. 1829.
* 1829. On the Structure and Pathology of the Ovaria, with the
Treatment of their Diseases : in London Medical Gazette. Vol. iii,
p. 761.
' 1831. On the Application of Chemistry to Physiology, Patho-
logy, and Practice : in the London Medical Gazette. Vol. viii.
® 1832. On the Laws of Sensation and Perception : in the Lon-
don Medical Gazette. Vol. x, p. 273.
^ 1833. On the Functions of the Abdomen, and some of the
Diagnostic Marks of its Diseases : in the London Medical Gazette.
Vol. xii, p. 281.
^^ 1835. On the Influence of the Nervous System in Disease. 8vo.
Lond. 1835.
" 1837. On Rheumatism in its various forms, and on the Affec-
tions of Internal Organs to which it gives rise. 8vo. Lond. 1842.
LECTURES AND LECTURERS. 359
Croonian Lectures and Lecturers. — Dr. Croone, a fellow
of the College, left behind him at his death in 1684, a plan
for two lectureships, which he had designed to found ; one of
these to be read yearly before the College of Physicians, with a
sermon, to be preached at the church of St. Mary-le-Bow ; the
I other on the nature and laws of muscular motion, to be delivered
( annually before the Eoyal Society. But as his will contained
no provision whatever for the endowment of these lectures, his
vridow (a daughter of alderman Lorimer, of the city of London,
who subsequently married Sir Edwin Sadlier, bart.), carried out
his intention by devising in her will, dated 21st September,
1706, the King's Head tavern, in Lambeth-hill, Little Knight-
rider-street, to her husband for his life, and after his decease to
her executors in trust, to settle four parts out of five thereof
upon the College of Physicians, to found the annual lecture, now
called the Croonian lecture ; and the fifth part upon the Koyal
Society. To obviate some difficulties in carrying out the inten-
tion of the testatrix, the premises by indentures of lease and
release, dated 29th and 30th April, 1729, were, in pursuance of
a decree of the Court of Chancery conveyed to the College of
Physicians in trust to perform lady Sadlier's will. The pro-
perty was let by the College in 1789, on a building lease of
ninety-nine years. The following is a list of the Croonian lec-
turers : —
1749-1755. Thomas Lawrence, M.D.
1756. Mark Akenside, M.D.
1758-1759. Thomas Lawrence, M.D.
1760. William Heberden, M.D.
1763. Richard Brocklesby, M.D.
1770. Thomas Healde, M.D.
1774-1775. Donald Monro, M.D.^
1781. Francis Milman, M.D.^
1784. Thomas Healde, M.D.
1788-89-90. Francis RioUay, M.D.
1791. James Robertson Barclay, M.D,
1793. John Ash, M.D.
1795. John Latham, M.D.
^ 1774. Praalectiones Medicae ex Oroonii institute 1774-5. 8vo.
Lond. 1776.
^ 1781. An Inquiry into the Source from whence the Symptoms
of the Scurvy and of Putrid Fevers arise. 8vo. Lond. 1782.
360 HARVEIAN ORATIONS AND ORATORS.
1796-97-98. Matthew Baillie, M.D.
1799, 1800-1. John Hunter, M.D.
1802, 1803-4. Edward Roberts, M.D.
1812-1813. James Haworth, M.D.
1814-15-16. William Lambe, M.D.
1817-1818. George Gilbert Currey.
1819-20-21. John Cooke, M.D.^
1822-1823. Thomas Young, M.D.
1827. Grant David Yeats, M.D.^
1828-1829. Francis Hawkins, M.D.
1831. Edward James Seymour, M.D."
1832. George Roupell, M.D.*
1833. Do. do.«
1844-45-46. James Copland, M.D.
1853. Thomas Mayo, M.D.«
1862. Robert Lee, M.D.
HAEVEIAN OEATIONS AND OEATOES.
Harvey, by indenture dated 21st June, 1656, conveyed his
patrimonial estate of Burmarsh to the College of Physicians,
upon various trusts, among which is the following : — " To main-
tain friendship there shall be at every meeting once a month a
small collation, as the President shall think fit, for the enter-
tainment of such as come ; and once every year a general feast
for all the fellows : and on the day when such feast shall be kept,
some one person of the said College shall be from time to time
appointed by the President and two eldest Censors and two
eldest Elects for the time being of the said College (so that the
person so to be appointed be not in that behalf appointed two
years together), who shall make an oration in Latin publicly, in
* 1819. On the Nature and Uses of the Nervous System : in
Treatise of Nervous Diseases. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1820.
2 1827. On the Colon.
^ 1831. On the Medical Treatment of Insanity. 8vo. Lond.
1832
* 1832. " General Pathology."
' 1833. The Croonian Lectures delivered in 1833 on Cholera.
8vo. Lond. 1833.
" 1853. Medical Testimony and Evidence in Cases of Lunacy.
12mo. Lond. 1854.
HAEVEIAN ORATIONS AND ORATORS. 361
the said College, wherein shall be a commemoration of all the
benefactors of the said College by name, and what in particular
they have had done for the benefit of the said College, with an
exhortation to others to imitate those benefactors, and to con-
tribute their endeavours for the advancement of the society,
according to the example of those benefactors. And with an
exhortation to the fellows and members of the said College to
search and study out the secrets of nature by way of experiment ;
and also for the honour of the profession to continue in mutual
love and affection among themselves, without which neither the
dignity of the College can be preserved, nor yet particular men
receive that benefit by their admission into the College which
they might expect, ever remembering that ' concordi^ res parvse
crescunt, discordia magnse dilabuntur.' " To the orator was to be
paid the sum of five pounds ; and Hamey, in the deed of settle-
ment of his estate of Ashlins, dated 13th May, 1672, awards to
him an additional five pounds, directing " that the yearly sum of
five pounds be paid unto such fellow as shall be chosen orator in
the said College, in manner as appointed by Dr. Harvey."
(GoodaU's MS. On CoUege Affairs, p. 75.)
The following is, I believe, a correct list of the Harveian
orators. The orations of those to whom an asterisk is prefixed,
have been printed : —
1656. Edward Emily, M.D.
1657. Edmund Wilson, M.D.
1659. Daniel Whistler, M.D.
1660. Thomas Coxe, M.D.
*1661. Sir Edward Grreaves, bart., M.D.
1664 Nathan Paget, M.D.
1665. Samuel Collins, senr., M,D.
1679. Sir Thomas Millingtou, M.D.
*1680. Walter Charleton, M.D.
*1681. George Rogers, M.D.
1682. Samuel Collins, senr., M.D.
*1683. Nathaniel Hodges, M.D.
1684. Thomas Alvey, M.D.
1688. Henry Paman, M.D.
1694. Charles Goodall, M.D.
*1697. Sir Samuel Garth, M.D.
1699. Walter Harris, M.D.
1702. Walter Charleton, M.D.
1704. Edward Hulse, M.D.
362
HARVEIAN ORATIONS AND ORATORS.
*1705.
*1707.
1708.
1709.
1711.
1713.
*1719.
*1720.
*1721.
*1722.
n723.
*1724
1725.
1726.
*1727.
1728.
*1729.
*1731.
1732.
1733.
*1734
*1735.
*1736.
*1737.
*1738.
*1739.
1740.
*1741.
*1742.
*1743.
*1744.
*1745.
*1746.
*1747.
*1748.
1749.
1760.
*1751.
*1752.
1753.
*1754.
*1755.
*1756.
*1757.
1758.
*1759.
*1760.
*1761.
1762.
Walter Charleton, M.D.
Walter Harris, M.D.
Josiah Clerk, M.D.
Charles Goodall, M.D.
George Colebrook, M.D.
Walter Harris, M.D.
Thomas Pellet, M.D.
John Freind, M.D.
John Hawys, M.D.
Henry Pluraptre, M.D.
Richard Mead, M.D.
Richard Hale, M.D.
Richard Tyson, M.D.
Walter Harris, M.D.
John Arbuthnot, M.D.
Charles Bale, M.D.
Pierce Dod, M.D.
Noel Broxolme, M.D.
Ralph Bonchier, M.D.
William Wood, M.D.
John Hollings, M.D.
Edward Wilmot, M.D.
Matthew Lee, M.D.
James Monro, M.D.
John Newington, M.D.
Frank Nicholls, M.D.
Simon Burton, M.D.
Robert Hopwood, M.D.
Benjamin Hoadley, M.D.
Robert Bankes, M.D.
Ambrose Dawson, M.D.
Charles Cotes, M.D.
William Battie, M.D.
James Hawley, M.D.
Thomas Lawrence, M.D.
Charles Feake, M.D.
William Heberden, M.D.
Sir William Browne, M.D.
Edward Milward, M.D.
William Coxe, M.D.
John Thomas Batt, M.D.
Robert Taylor, M.D.
Richard Conyers, M.D.
John Monro, M.D.
Anthony Askew, M.D.
Mark Akenside, M.D.
Richard Brocklesby, M.D.
George Baker, M.D.
Anthony Askew, M.D.
HARVEIAN ORATIONS AND ORATORS.
363
1763.
*1764.
*i765.
*1766.
*1768.
*1769.
*1770.
*1771.
1772.
1773.
*1774.
*1775.
1776.
1777.
1781.
1782.
1783.
1784.
1785.
1786.
1787.
1788.
1789.
*1790.
1791.
*1792.
1793.
*1794.
1795.
*1796.
*1797.
1798.
*1799.
*1800.
1801.
1802.
1803.
1804.
1805.
n806.
1807.
n808.
*1809.
1814.
1815.
1816.
1817.
1818.
*1819.
Charlton WoUaston, M.D.
William Cadogan, M.D.
Thomas Healde, M.D.
Wilkinson Blanshard, M.D.
Richard Warren, M.D.
S within Adee, M.D.
Anthony Relhan, M.D.
John G-reen, M.D.
John Lewis Petit, M.D.
John Turton, M.D.
Richard Jebb, M.D.
Donald Monro, M.D.
Henry Re veil Reynolds, M.D.
Richard Wright, M.D.
Richard Budd, M.D.
Francis Milman, M.D.
Isaac Pennington, M.D.
John Parsons, M.D.
James Hervey, M.D.
David Pitcairn, M.D.
Francis Riollay, M.D.
Martin Wall, M.D.
James Robertson Barclay, M.D.
John Ash, M.D.
George Fordyce, M.D.
William Cadogan, M.D.
James Carmichael Smyth, M.D.
John Latham, M.D.
John Mayo, M.D.
William Saunders, M.D.
Robert Bourne, M.D.
Matthew Baillie, M.D.
Thomas Monro, M.D.
Henry Vaughan (Halford), M.D.
Edward Roberts, M.D.
Henry Ainslie, M.D.
George Paulet Morris, M.D.
Arthur Daniel Stone, M.D.
Sir Christopher Pegge, M.D.
Christopher Robert Pemberton, M.D.
Paggen William Mayo, M.D.
Richard Powell, M.D.
William Heberden, M.D.
Charles Gower, M.D.
William George Maton, M.D.
James Haworth, M.D.
George Smith Gibbes, M.D.
William Lambe, M.D.
John Johnstone, M.D.
364
THE LIBRARY.
1820. Cliarles Price, M.D.
1821. George Gilbert Currey, M.D.
1822. Thomas Turner, M.D.
*1826.
*1827.
1828.
1829.
1830.
1832.
1883.
*1834
*1835.
1836.
1837.
*1839.
1840.
*1841.
1842.
*1844.
*1845.
*1846.
1847.
*1848.
*1849.
*1860.
*1851.
1856.
*1857.
1864.
Pelham Warren, M.D.
Bobert Bree, M.D.
John Cooke, M.D.
Clement Hue, M.D.
John Bright, M.D.
James Tattersall, M.D.
John Ayrton Paris, M.D.
Edward Thomas Monro, M.D.
Sir Henry Halford, bart., M.D.
John Kidd, M.D.
John Haviland, M.D.
Peter Mere Latham, M.D.
Charles Badham, M.D.
Thomas Mayo, M.D.
William King, M.D.
James Adey Ogle, M.D.
Charles Daubeny, M.D.
John EUiotson, M.D.
Henry Herbert Southey, M.D.
Francis Hawkins, M.D.
John Carr Badeley, M.D.
James Arthur Wilson, M.D.
John Spurgin, M.D.
George Hamilton Boe, M.D.
James Copland, M.D.
Bobert Lee, M.D.
THE LIBBABY.
The private library of Linacre was the nuclens and foundation
of the College library.^ We know nothing of its extent, or of
the nature of its contents ; but we can scarcely be wrong in
* "Linacre's medical books," writes Dr. Noble Johnson, *' had
been assigned to his College on its foundation, and the library
which he had reserved for his private use is alone specified in his
will. It consisted of the works of Thucydides, Theodore, and
Appollonicus, of Theocritns and Pindar, with comments ; of the
Declamations of Libanius, and a comment npon Homer." The
Life of Thomas Linacre. 8vo. Lond. 1835. p. 300.
THE LIBRARY. 365
concluding that it would comprise copies of all Linacre's
published works, and doubtless also of the classics, and of such
medical works as had then been printed. One of the two
rooms, of which alone the College then consisted, was, we know,
set apart for its library. Dr. Gilbert, who died in 1603, by his
will gave to the College his whole library, globes, instruments,
and a cabinet of minerals ; and on the 6th October, 1609, it was
determined that a catalogue of the library should be made.
More ample accommodation was furnished for the library in
the College at Amen-corner, and donations of books to it then
became more frequent. The most important was the bequest to
the College in 1629 of six hundred and eighty volumes of books
by Dr. Holsbosch,^ a graduate in medicine and a German, who
had practised surgery and physic in England for fifty years, though
without connexion with the College. Eegulations were made
about this time for the safe keeping of the books and the due
ordering of the library. The key of the room was in the keep-
ing of the President, those of the book cases in that of the
Senior Censor. The library was open on aU CoUege days to
the Fellows, Candidates, and Licentiates ; but no book could be
taken out of the College without leave from the President and
Censors, and the deposit of a " sufficient caution " for the book.
It would seem to have been usual about this time for the
Fellows and Candidates on their admission as such to make
offerings of books to the library.^
^ On one of the tablets of benefactors in the theatre of the College
was formerly to be read, "Matthias Holsbosch Germanus, in Medicinis
doctor, Bibliothecam Medicam insignium librorum ad numerum 680
dedit Collegio annis 1628-1629 ;" and in the Annals, 1629, Junii
25, " Is Germanus natione et adhuc Juvenis in Angliam trans-
gressus primo Chirnrgias postea Medicin^e factitandse se applicuit ;
et in utraqne professione turn foris, turn in aula atque urbe fere
quinquaginta annos floruit, Postremo senio confectus magnam
partem Bibliothecae suae quae pars erat 680 librorum volumina,
Collegio ex testamento reliquit. Vir, ob preestantem doctrinam et
insignem animi candorem apud cunctos Celebris, dignusque cujus
memoriam Annales hujus Collegii perennem conservent."
^ 1635, Julii 3. — "Mr. President hath directed that there be
an inventory taken of all such books as have been given by the
Fellows or Candidates at their admission or otherwise within this
year and a half, setting their names thereto."
366 THE LIBRARY.
In 1654, on the completion of Harvey's Museum (the grand
addition that he made to our College), and which, besides other
things, he had enriched with his own books, the library of the
College was removed thither. It was not long before bequests
and donations were made to it. Sir Theodore de Mayerne, who
died in March, 1654-5, left to the College his library contain-
ing many MSS. ; the marquis of Dorchester gave one hundred
pounds for the purchase of books ; Selden left by will all the
Arabic MSS. relating to physic that he had collected; and
Elias Ashmole and many others presented various scarce and
valuable volumes. In 1660 when Merrett printed his catalogue ^
the library comprised some thirteen hundred volumes, most of
them folios, and many of rarity and value.
The rules laid down for the library were minute and stringent,
and no books were allowed to be taken out. The library was
to be open on all Fridays, from two to five o'clock in the after-
noon in summer, but only until four in the winter ; also during
the meetings of the College and of the Censors, and at such
other times as the library keeper being at leisure should choose
to be present. The library continued to receive additions up to
the great fire of London, which destroyed the College, and with
it the library, with the exception of about one hundred and
forty volumes, most of them folios, and many of these of great
value; and some few manuscripts; that were saved from the
flames by the Harveian librarian. Dr. Merrett.
These volumes were the nucleus of our present library ; and
soon after the fire the marquis of Dorchester expressed his inten-
tion of adding to them the whole of his own fine and valuable
collection, and would have given the College possession of them
in his lifetime, if a fitting place for the orderly disposing of them
had then existed. On the 8th October, 1680, it was determined
to build a library for their reception, but the munificent donor
died in December, 1680, and several years elapsed ere the build-
ing was completed and the books arranged ; but on the 4th
February, 1687-8, a deputation was appointed "to wait upon
* Catalogus Librorum, Instrumentorum, &c., in Museo Harveiano
4to. Lond. 1660.
THE LIBRARY. 367
the lady Grace Pierrepoint, to acquaint her that the College
of Physicians have lately made a fair library, in which the
Ld. Marquesse of Dorchester's books, given by her honour, are
placed; and to desire her ladyship to do the College the honour to
take a view of it." This noble addition to our library was valued
at the time at upwards of four thousand pounds, and is said by
Dr. Goodall to have been the choicest collection of books in
physics, mathematics, civil law, and philology in any private
hand in England. From the catalogue made in 1664, now before
me, I see that it then comprised over 3,200 volumes, of which
1,547 were folios, 1,230 quartos, and 432 octavos.
With the view of making the library more generally useful,
a new code of regulations was framed in 1708, by which it was
directed that the library should be open on all Tuesday, Thursday,
and Saturday mornings, from ten to twelve o'clock, and on all Tues-
day and Friday afternoons, from four to six o'clock, from Lady-
day to Michaelmas; and from two to four o'clock from Michaelmas
to Lady-day ; that no candles were to be used, and the smoking
of tobacco was prohibited. The library was to be free to all
members of the College, but before admission into it, each person
was to deposit half-a-crown with the under librarian, as caution
money, and give his faith to the observance of the Harveian
Statute,^ with such alterations as should be thought proper
^ This Statute was framed in 1656, and is one of the " Statuta
Mnsaeo Harveiano propria."
"Formula fidei dandse, antequam quispiam in Musseum admitta-
tur. Dabis fidem, te Hbrum nullum clam surrepturum ; imo nee
iacerando, aut maculando, locnmve aUquem signando, folio condu-
phcando, eademve exscindendo, aut verbum aliquod, literasve, vel
apieem eximendo, aut commutando, librum ullum deformatnrum ;
sed quemque mox, ubi usus fueris, integrum sue loco repositurum.
Idemque similiter de rebus aliis citra fraudem malusve artes relin-
quendis, polliceberis. Neminem tecum in Musseum, vel librorum
evolvendorum vel rerum qnarumcunque illic inspiciendarum gratia
adduces ; pro quo te vadem sistere nobis, omnia cum ex aequo bonoque
facturum, et qui cum toto tempore non permaneas. Et si quern
sublestas fidei deprehenderis, MusEei custodem protiniis ejus rei cer-
tiorem facies." " Si quisquam dolo malo, lubens, sciens, datam
fidem fefellerit ; is in posterum libertate iugrediendi Musa)nm pri-
vator."
368 THE LIBRARY.
This form of promise was to be entered in a book, and subscribed
by every person before he was admitted to the library.
A complete catalogue of the College library was made by
Dr. Middleton Massey, in 1727, but was not printed ; and in the
following year the collection was largely augmented by the
bequest of Dr. Eichard Hale, of five hundred pounds, for buying
books, to be chosen by his nephew, Dr. Eichard Tyson, and by
him placed in the library. The amount was very judiciously
expended by Dr. Tyson, and some of the best books in the
library are the produce of Dr. Hale's bequest.
In 1733 Dr. Woodford, a fellow of the College, and regius
professor of physic at Oxford, presented a copy of the Opera
Agricolationum,-^ impressa Eegii, 1496, which had once belonged
to our first president, Linacre, and is rendered especially valuable
to us by his signature, the only one the College possesses of its
founder.
In 1751 Dr. Crow, a fellow of the College, and a wealthy
man, the possessor of a large and well selected library, left to
the College all his Greek and Latin books, which included a
very choice collection of classical works.
A good catalogue of the library^ was printed in 1757, and
from it I find that the library then comprised over 6,650
volumes. The Thesaurus Antiquitatum Eomanum et Graecorum,
in 25 volumes, folio, the best edition and a noble work, was given
to the College, in 1787, by Dr. Brocklesby ; and in 1792, the
library having fallen into great disorder, it was re-arranged by
the elder Dr. Latham, and in a manner so satisfactory to his col-
leagues that he was unanimously voted one hundred pounds for
his services. Dr. Thomas Gisborne, who died in 1806, bequeathed
many valuable books to the College, and Dr. BailHe, by his will,
bequeathed to the College all his medical, chemical, and anato-
mical books, and three hundred pounds, the interest or annual
produce of which was directed to be applied in keeping the
^ Opera Agricolationum : Columellae, Varronis, Catonisq : nee non
Palladii cum exscriptionibus et commetariis D. PhjHppi Beroaldi.
Impressa Eegii mcccolxxxxvi.
^ Bibliotheeas Collegii EegaHs Medicorum Londinensis Catalogus.
Eoyal 8vo. mdcclvii.
THE LIBRARY. 36.9
said books in proper preservation, and in augmenting the library
of the College.
Immediately before the opening of the College in Pall Mall
East, the whole of the library was classified, and arranged with
great judgment, in the splendid room prepared for its reception,
by Mr. Hunter, the bedel and sub-librarian.
Among the many rare and curious works contained in the
College library may be mentioned, — The Eecuyell of the His-
toryes of Troye, translated into Englisshe by Willyam Caxton,
printed by William Caxton 1471,' being the first book printed in
the English language; the Cronycle of Englonde, printed by
Wynkyn de Worde. Folio, Lond. 1502 f and Chaucer's works.
Eolio. Lond. 1540.*
* The collation of the complete work is —
Book 1 147 leaves.
„ 2 104 „
» 3 99 „
Verses 1
351
The College copy consists of 350 leaves. It is without pagination,
signatures, or catchwords. The initial letters are inserted in colour.
In this copy, the first leaf containing the title page, in red ink, and
a portion of Caxton's preface is deficient, and a part of the 6th
leaf is torn out. It is otherwise in fine and perfect condition. Its
size is llj inches by 7f.
The following are prices at which copies have been sold : —
1812. The duke of Roxburgh's copy 1060Z. I85. This copy was
in very fine condition, and had formerly belonged to Elizabeth
Gray, queen of Edward IV. It wanted one leaf.
1829. Hibbert's sale (10 leaves in MSS.) \h1l. IO5.
1847. Wilke's sale (6 leaves wanting) 165Z.
1852. Utterson's sale (50 leaves wanting) 155Z.
"^ The Chronycle of Englonde with the Frute of Tymes. The
Descripcyon of Englonde, Wayls, Scotland, and Irlond : speaking
of the noblesse and worthynesse of the same. Enprynted in Flete-
strete, in the syne of the Sonne, by me, Wynkyn de Worde, the yere
of our lorde a mccccc and 11.
^ The Workes of Greffray Chaucer, newly printed, with dyvers
workes which were never in print before : as in the table more
playnly dothe appere. Cum privilegio. Imprynted at London, by
Thonias Petit, dwellyng in Paules churche yarde, at the sygne of
the Maydens heed. 1540. Folio.
VOL. III. 2 B
370 THE LIBRARY.
Of tlie Princeps editions there are those of ^lian/ Alciphron,^
Euclid,^ Homer/ Eustathius' Commentaria in Homerum/
Josephus,^ Maximus Tyrius/ Eusebius,^ Tertullian/ and
Suidasjo
Of the finest and best editions there are those of Aristides/'
Diogenes Laertius,^^Gregorius Thaumaturgus/^ GregoriusNazien-
^ Opera Omnia. Gesneri. Tigiiri, 1556. Fol. " The date is not on
the title page, nor at the end of the book, but at the conclusion of
the Dedicatory Epistle." — Dibden. Harwood speaks of this edition
as " of rare occu "rence."
^ Bergleri. Lipsioe. 1715. 12mo.
3 Grynsei. Basil. 1533. Fol.
* D. Cretensis. Florent. 1488. Fol. 2 vol. Mattaire says of it,
"Nil certe aut antea aut postea elegantius comparuit." Gibbon
says "it displays all the luxury of the typographical art;" and
Dibden speaks " of the splendour, rarity, and value of these truly
exquisite volumes."
* Eustathii Archiepiscopi Thessalonicensis ; Commentarii in Ho-
meri Biadem et Odysseam. Romae. 1542—50. Fol. 4 vol. "It is
among the most splendid monuments in the world, of Greek eru-
dition and of Greek printing." — Dibden. M. Renouard well observes
in the opening of his description of it: " Tresor d'erudition grecque,
espece de sanctuaire dans lequel n'ont acces que ceux qui deja
ont fait des progres dans I'etude des anciens Classiques."
^ Arlenii. Basil. 1544. Fol. Printed by Frobenius. Dibden calls
it "beautiful and rare;" and Harwood "one of the noblest and
most venerable old books I ever saw."
' H. Stephanus. Paris. 1557. 8vo.
® Praeparatio Bvangelica. R. Stephanus. Lutet. Paris. 1544.
Fol. " The purest edition of Eusebius." — Harwood. Demon-
stratio Evangelica. R. Stephanus. Lutet. 1545. Fol. " Of equal
beauty and value with the parent Greek text of the Preparatio
Evangelica." — Dibden. Historia Ecclesiastica. R. Stephanus.
Paris. 1544. Fol. " This beautiful book."— Dibden.
^ Opera Omnia. Froben. Basil. 1521. Folio. " A book of un-
common occurrence; and, as an editio princeps, should have a
place in all libraries of any critical pretension."' — Dibden.
^° Lexicon Grsecum. Mediolani. 1499. Fol. Impensa D. Chal-
condyli.
^^ Jebbii. Oxon. 1722. 4to. 2 vol. "Editio longe prjestan-
tissima."
^^ Meibomii. Amst. 1692. 4to. 2 vol. " Beyond all doubt this
is by far the best as well as the most splendid edition extant of the
author." — Dibden.
^' Paris. 1622. Folio. " Editio optima. "—Dibden.
THE PHARMACOPCEIAS. 371
zenus/ St. Jerom,^ Oppian,^ Pausanias,'* Photius,^ Pindar,® Plato/
Tacitus.^
Whilst among tlie medical rarities I may mention the
Princeps editions of Aretaeus^ and Galen/** and very fine copies
of the finest editions of Khazes/' and Avicenna.^^
THE PHAEMACOPCEIAS OF THE COLLEGE OF PHY-
SICIANS OF LONDON.
I. The first London Pharmacopoeia was published in 1618,
just one century after the foundation of the College. By that
time various Antidotaries, Dispensatories, and Pharmacopoeias
had appeared on the continent ; at Nuremberg, Lyons, Cologne,
Bergamo, Augsberg, Eome, Venice, Florence, &c. The first Dis-
pensatory published by authority, is believed to be that of
' Omnia Opera. BilHi. Paris. 1609. Folio. 2 vol. "The first
printed text of the entire works of this father." — Dibden.
' Opera Omnia. Erasmi. Basil. 1516. Fol. 9 voL "The first
edition of the works of St. Jerom in a complete form." — 'Dibden.
^ Turneb : Paris. 1555. 4to. " One of the most beautiful
books which Turnebus ever printed ; its rarity and intrinsic value
are equal to its elegance." — Dibden.
* Kuhnii. LipsiaB. 1696. Fol. " Emphatically and justly called
the editio optima of Pausanias." — Dibden.
' HcBschelii. Rothomag. 1653. Fol. " Editio optima."— Dibden.
^ Westii etWelstedii. Oxon. 1697. Fol. "A splendid monu-
ment of classical research and typographical beauty." — Dibden.
' Serrani. Paris. 1578. Fol. 3 yoI. Printed by H. Stephen.
"This celebrated and magnificent edition," writes Dibden.
8 Elzevir. Lugd. Bat. 1640. 2 vol. "It is," writes Dr. Dibden,
" one of the scarcest of the Elzevir classics, and a fine copy is very
valuable."
^ Goupyli. Paris. 1554. 8vo. Gk. Printed by Turnebus. Fabricius
speaks of the " purity of the paper, the amplitude of the margin, and
the elegance of the types." A Latin veision of Areteeus appeared in
1552, but this is the first in Greek. Dibden's Introduction to the
Greek and Latin Classics. 4th edit. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1827.
Yol. 1, p. 290.
*" Opera Omnia in ^dibus Aldi. Yenetiis. 1525. Fol. 5 vol.
" Helchavy ; hoc est, Liber continens Artem Medicinse. Impres-
sum Brixie per Jacobum Britannicum Brixianum. 1486. Fol.
^2 Opera cum Explanat. Jacobi de Partibus. Lugd. 1498, Fol.
3 vol., and his Liber Canonis in Medicina. Rom®. 1593. Fol.
Arabice.
2 B 2
372 THE PHARMACOPCEIAS.
Valerius Cordus in 1542, on the authority of the senate of
Nuremberg. Cordus, then a young student, during a transient
visit to Nuremberg, is said to have produced a collection of
medical receipts which he had selected from the works of the
most esteemed writers, and that the physicians of Nuremberg
were so highly pleased with it that they urged him to print it
for the benefit of the apothecaries ; and, having obtained the
sanction of the Senate to the undertaking, he did so in 1542.
The Lyons Dispensatory appeared in 1561 ;^ that of Cologne
in 1565 ;2 the Pharmacopoeia Bergomensis in 1580,^ and the
Pharmacopoeia Augustana in 1601. The last-named is the re-
puted parent of the various Pharmacopoeias that succeeded it. It
was soon followed by the Italian pharmacopoeias above named ;
by that of London in 1618, and of Paris in 1637.
The earliest mention of the London Pharmacopoeia that
I meet with in the Annals is on the 25th of June, 1585 : —
" Actum est de una aliqua, certa, publica, ac uniformi Phar-
macopoeia, in hac civitate ab omnibus pharmacopolis usurpanda.
Sed quoniam res videbatur operosa, et digna pleniori deliber-
atione, idcirco rejicitur in proxima Comitia; et nihil aliud in
hoc tempore conclusum est, quam ut, longiori spatio ad cogi-
tandum ea de re sumpto, unusquisque CoUega adsit in proximis
Comitiis, et quid h^c in re fieri velit, tunc liber^ exponat : ut sic
cum totius Societatis consensu aliquid perfectum et egregium in
re tam laudabili attentetur."
The next entry is on the 10th October, 1589 : —
" Propositum, deliberatum, et conclusum est, ut unum aliquod
publicum ac uniforme Dispensatorium sive Eeceptorum Magis-
tralium formula officinis sequenda constituatur. Et ut istud
opus tam prseclarum, melius et maturius perficiatur, rem totam
in classes diviserunt : et singulis CoUegis suum in hoc negotio
cuique munus et pensum est assignatum, ut hie infra apparet.
Omnibusque et singulis injunctum est, ut proximis solemnibus
* Dispensariura Compositorum ab antiquioribus junioribusque
Archiatris Medicaraentorum. 18mo. Lugd. 1561.
* Dispensarium Usuale pro Pharmacopoeis Coloniensibus. 12 mo.
Coloniae. 1565.
^ Pharmacopoeia Collegii Medicorum Bergomensium. 4to. Ber-
gomi. 1580.
THE PHARMACOPOEIAS.
373
Comitiis, nempe ad festum nativitatis Christi proximum, omnia
parentur, et in solemni illo congressu in scriptis represententur.
" Ordo et Classis earum rerum quae tractari debent in Com-
muni Dispensatorio Collegii : et per quos Collegas res singulse
sunt seorsim considerandse : —
Syrupi
Julapia
Decocta
Olea
Aquae
distillataa
Linimenta
Unguenta
Emplastra
Cerota
Succi Rob
Conserva
Condita
Confecta
Extracta
Sales
Chemica
Metallica
Pulveres
Tragemata
Pilulae
Electuaria
Opiata
Eclegmata
Trochischi
Collyria
}
Per D.D. Atslowe, Browne, Farmery, Preest.
Per D.D, Frier et D'Oylie.
j Per D.D. Smith (Oxon) et Taylior,
Per D.D. Forster et Atkins,
Per D.D. Smith (Cantab), Hector, Dodding, et
Osborne.
Per D.D. Johnson, Langton, Muffett.
> Per Medicos Regineos,
Per D.D. Gilbert et Turner,
}
Per D. Praesid. et D. Wilkinson,
Per D.D. Marbeck et James.'
1589. December 23. " In his Comitiis omnes CoUegse, unus-
qnisque pro se, in scriptis representabant id quod excogitarunt
pro novo Dispensatorio et Usuali Londinensi Collegii consensu
publicando. Totum autem hoc opus, ut perfectius et limatius
exeat in vulgus, sex CoUegis iterum examinandum assignatur.
Examinatores autem sunt hi, Dr. Forster, Dr. Johnson, Dr.
Turner, Dr. Gilbert, Dr. Browne, Dr. James." And on the 13th
December, 1594, we read, " Assignati sunt ad examen Dispen-
satorii nostri. Dr. Johnson, Dr. Gilbert, Dr. Browne, Dr. James,
Dr. Turner, Dr. Atkins, Dr. Wilkinson, Dr. Paddy." Some cir-
cumstances must have occurred to interfere with the comple-
tion of the undertaking, for the subject was allowed to drop,
374 THE PHARMACOPCEIAS.
and for a period of twenty years no further progress was at-
tempted.
On the 25th June, 1614, the subject was revived, and under
that date we read, " De Dispensatorio communi in officinis phar-
macopoeorum habendo proponitur, et Bergomensi, Norimburgensi,
et cseteris Antidotariis una cum nostris conferendis primo refer-
atur ad D. Eidley, D. Davis, D. Argent, D. Herring, D.
Harvey, D. Fox, D. Andre wes, et D. Gulston." On the 13th
September, 1616, a committee of five, consisting of Dr. Eidley,
Dr. Lister, Dr. Argent, Dr. Fox, and the Eegistrar, was appointed
to examine the papers already collected for the Pharmacopoeia,
and to report upon them to the Elects. The Committee met on
the following day (14th September, 1616), but so many of the
documents which had been collected were missing that they
broke up their sitting, and reporting to the President the defi-
ciency they had discovered, attributed it to a former president,
probably Dr. Forster, the immediate predecessor of Dr. Atkins,
who died 27th March, 1616, in his year of ofiice as president.
On the 30th September, 1616, Dr. Atkins, the President,
decided that several other Fellows should be consulted and
added to the Committee above named. Several notices of the
Pharmacopoeia Committee occur from this time, and on the 30th
September, 1617, when Dr. Atkins laid down the Presidency (to
which he was re-elected), he delivered an address to the Fellows,
in which he mentioned the Charter about to be granted to the Col-
lege and the Pharmacopoeia then on the point of completion.^
The day after Palm Sunday, 1618, arrangements were made
for publication. Sir Theodore de Mayerne, M.D., was deputed
to write the dedication to the king (James I), and the preface
was confided to Drs. Palmer, Herring, Gwin, Fox, Andrews,
Baskerville, &c., with an ultimate reference to and supervision
by the President, Dr. Atkins.^
^ " Dein D. Presses, oratione habita de nova privilegise Charta et
Pharmacopoeia propemodum ab et sub ipso paratis, bene monitoria,
deposuit ofEcium." — Annales.
* " Epistola dedicatoria PharmacopcBise ad Dm. Eegem a Dre.
Mayerne conscribenda dicitur : Preefatio a pluribus, Palmer, Her-
ring, Gwin, Fox, Andrews, Baskerville, deinceps alii ad Prsesidem
referanda."
THE PHARMACOPCEIAS. 375
The king's proclamation commanding all apothecaries of the
realm to follow this Pharmacopoeia, and this only, is dated
26th April, 1618. It was published on the 7th May, 1618,
surreptitiously and prematurely, by the printer in the absence of
the President, and though very carelessly printed and full of
errata, seems to have been rapidly exhausted. It is a small
folio of 184 pages ; and its title is as follows : —
Pharmacopoeia
Londinensis,
in qua
Medicamenta
antiqua et nova
usitatissima, sedulo collecta,
accuratissime examinata, quo-
tidiana experientia confirmata
describuntur.
Opera Medicorum OoUegii
Londinensis.
Ex Serenissimi Regis Mandato
cum R. M. Privilegio.
Londini,
Excudebat Edwardus Griffin,
sumptibus Johannis Harriot, ad
insigne Iridis alb^ in platea vulgo
dicta Fleet-street, 1618.
Within four months (namely on the 5th September following)
arrangements were made for a new edition,^ which appeared on
the 7th December, 1618. This is a handsome volume, and, as
compared with its predecessor, is remarkably free from typo-
graphical errors.^ Successive editions of this iirst London Phar-
* " Proponitur do nova impressione PharmacopoflioB Londinensis."
^ The epilogue to this edition ought not to be omitted : " Edimus
jam secundo partu, secundo magis eventu, Pharmacopoeiam Lon-
dinensem. Nos (inquam) edimus. Nam priorem illam informem, de-
formem, festinans Typographus, dicemus edidit? immo veriiis pro-
trusit in lucem. Sicut calore sestuans jecur, crudum adhuc ahmen-
tum avida quadem fame rapit a ventriculo : sic ille e manibus nostris
hoc opusculum adhuc impoHtum, surripuifc, inconsulto, immo tunc
absente Prseside, et procul ab urbe avocato, qui illi limando polien-
doque potissimum invigilavit. Qui post reditum indigne ferens
illud tot mendis et erroribus conspurcatum, tot detmncatis et de-
perditis membris mutilum et mancum, in publicum prorepsisse,
convocatis ad se Collegis, totum opus qua potuit diligentia, ad incu-
dem denuo revocavit ; secundamque editionem maturavit : quae
376
THE PHARMACOPOEIAS.
macopoeia, each somewhat modified and an improvement on its
predecessor, appeared in 1627, 1632, 1639.
A brief account of the contents of this the first Pharmacopoeia
published in these kingdoms may not be out of place or without
interest. The " Catalogus Simplicium ad Pharmacopoeiam con-
ducentium," answering to the "Materia Medica" of modern Phar-
macopoeias, comprises more than a thousand different articles^
and among these are many of extraordinary and even revolting
character. These Simplicia are classed and arranged in the fol-
lowing order :—
Radices
Cortices . .
Ligna et eorum Scobes . .
Herb83 et earum Folia . .
Flores
Fructus et Germina
Semina sive Grana
Lachrymse, Liquores, Gummi, ResinaB
Sncci
E. Plantis nata . .
Animalia . ,
Animaliuin partes, excrementa,
Marina
Sales
Metallica et Mineralia . .
et ex iis desnmpta
138
34
16
271
82
75
138
47
27
7
31
60
25
11
66
1,028
The preparations and compounds of these, with the numbers
included in each division, are as follows : —
Aquse simphciores distillandae, quse nsui, et sunt in usu . . 178
Aquas compositaB . . . . . . , , . . . . . . 35
Vina medicata . . . , . . . . . . , , . . 3
Aceta medicata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Decocta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 8
Potio vulneraria . . . . . . . , . . . . . . 1
Syrupi simpliciores nna cum compositis qui sunt in usu . . 90
Mehta et Oxymelita . . . . . . . . . . , . 18
Rob, sive Sapae, et Succi . . . . . . . . . . 12
Lohoch sive Eclegmata . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Condita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Conservae et Sacchara . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
nunc demum in lucem prodit a mendis purior, remediis locupletior :
qu8D et feelicior est futura, si illam candor tuus et frons benigna co-
honestent."
THE FHARMACOPCEIAS. 377
Species, sive Pulveres turn corroborantes turn alterantes . . 43
Electuaria alter antia et corroborantia sine Opio . . 20 "I on
cumOpio .. 9/ ^^
Electnaria lenientia et purgantia . . . . . . . . 29
Pilulse purgantes leniores sine Scammonio ant Colocynthide 14
Pilulae purgantes fortiores cnm Scammonio aut Colocynthide 18
Pilulas cum Opio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Trochisci alterantes sine Opio . . . . . . . . . . 31
Trochisci alterantes cum Opio . . . . . . . . . . 9
Trochisci purgantes . . . . . . . . . . . , 5
Olea simplicia per expressionem . . . . . . . . 39
Olea simplicia per infusionem vel decoctionem . . . . 33
Olea composita . . . . . , . . . . . . . . 20
Unguenta simpliciora . . . . . . . , . . . . 26
Unguenta magis composita . . . . . . . . . . 27
Emplastra et Cerata . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Olea Chymica ex herbis, seminibus, baccis, aromatibus, cortici-
bus, lignis, fusilibus, gummis, et resinis . . . . . . 61
Olea ex mineralibus et lapidosis . . . . . . . . 8
Praeparationes cbymicae magis usuales .. .. .. 17
932
Among the chemical remedies which, through the influence
of Sir Theodore May erne, the princijjal court physician, were
then coming into use in England, we find the mineral acids,
calomel, several preparations of steel and of antimony, sugar of
lead, caustic potash, &c.
The first and the last impression left upon the mind, either
from a passing glance or a more careful study of this volume, is
one of wonderment at the multiplicity and redundancy of insig-
nificant and inefficient substances that are massed together in
most of its formulse. Of the degree to which such redundancy
prevails throughout its pages, some notion may be formed from
the fact, that in this Pharmacopoeia there are one hundred and
twelve preparations containing from five to nine ingredients ;
one hundred and sixty-one containing from ten to nineteen in-
gredients ; forty-four with from twenty to twenty-nine; three con-
taining from forty to forty-nine ; and three containing more than
fifty several ingredients. The extreme is met with in the " Anti-
dotus Magna Matthioli adversus Yenena et Pestem," which con-
tains in all more than one hundred and thirty ingredients, and
among these several of the most complicated compositions, even
the Mithridate and the Theriaca.
378 THE PHARMACOPCEIAS.
II. The second London Pharmacopoeia appeared in 1650
during the Commonwealth, and in the presidency of Dr. John
Clarke. It was about two years in progress, and its final super-
vision before going to press, was confided to Sir Maurice Wil-
liams, Dr. Hamey, and Dr. Ent. A new title was deemed
necessary ; and this, with the address to the reader and the
epilogue, was by the president deputed to Dr. Hamey to write.'
The title of the work is as follows : —
Pharmacopoeia
Londinensis ;
CoUegarum
hodie viventium studiis
ac symbolis
ornatior.
Londiiii ;
Typis G. Dugard
Impensis
Stephani Bowtell
Bibliopolae in vice
vulgo dicto
Pope's Head-alley,
1650.
The Pharmacopoeia of 1650 contains corrosive sublimate, the
white precipitate, and the red precipitate. In other respects it
differs but little from its predecessor ; the principles on which
it was constructed are the same, and there is little in the body
of the work, or in the address to the reader, or the epilogue,
but the usual quaintness of Hamey's style to call for special
comment. Editions of this Pharmacopoeia in duodecimo appeared
in 1661 and 1668.
III. The third Pharmacopoeia Londinensis, that of 1677, would
seem to have been somewhat hastily prepared. The first
mention of it in the Annals, is on the 30th August, 1676 ; when
it was determined that a new, enlarged, and corrected edition of
the work should be sent to press, and that the care of it should
be confided to the president. Sir George Ent. It appeared early
in the following year (1677) with the following title : —
* " Mihi (writes Hamey, in his MS. Bustorum aliquot E-eliquiaa : —
ad vocem Jo. Clarke) sigillatim prceter caetera, data cura novandi
tituli, et scribendse epistoloe, cum epilogo ad lectorem."
THE THARMACOPCEIAS. 379
Pharmacopoeia
Collegii E,egalis
Londini.
Londini ;
Typis The. Newcomb, prostant venales apud Joli. Marfcyn,
Joh. Starkey, The. Basset, Jo. Wright, Ric. Chiswel
et Rob. Boulter,
MDCLXXVII.
It is little more than a reprint (with a few additional for-
mulae) of the Pharmacopoeia of 1650, and, although dedicated to
Charles II, contains likewise Sir Theodore May erne's Epistola
Dedicatoria to James I. from the Pharmacopoeia of 1618; and
Hamey's address to the reader from the Pharmacopoeia of 1650.
It is distinguished from the last-named work by the difference of
title, the dedication to Charles II, the omission of Hamey's
epilogue, and the alteration of a few words in his address to the
reader in 1650.
IV. Preparations for the fourth Pharmacopoeia Londinensis
were commenced in the beginning of 1718, and the work ap-
peared in 1721, in the presidency of Sir Hans Sloane, bart. The
Catalogus Simplicium Officinalium is wholly new, and is ren-
dered full and complete, as might be expected in the work of
one so deeply versed in botany and natural history as was Sir
Hans Sloane, to whom, it is known, we chiefly owe this division
of the volume. In previous Pharmacopoeias the several articles
had appeared without any definition or means of identification,
but it was now felt necessary to refer them, for the sake of
accuracy, to the standard systematic work of the time, and a
corresponding column of synonyms was now given, taken mostly
from Bauhin's Pinax. Of the body of the work, comprising
the Prseparata and Composita, but little need be said. The
number of compound medicated waters is limited, the number of
syrups lessened.^ The authors of the work take credit to them-
^ " In Aquis Compositis distillandis major adhibenda fuit cura.
Idem et in Syrnpis concinnandis fecimus : quorum etiam farrigi-
nem, uptote magna ex parte inutilem seque ac tsedii plenam, de indus-
tria contraximus." Praefatio.
380 THE PHARMACOPCEIAS.
selves for rejecting medicines of little use, for altering formulse
that were absurd and inconsistent, for excluding such as savoured
of superstition,^ and generally for their endeavour to make the
work consonant to reason and experience. The Pharmacopoeia
of 1721 was considerably in advance of its predecessors. The
formulae, now for the first time admitted, are simpler in their
ingredients and construction, but too many of the older ones are
retained, and most of these without correction or simplification.
The compilers of the Pharmacopoeia hoped to comprise within
moderate bulk such a variety of medicines as would satisfy
as well the lover of old, as the lover of modern prescrip-
tion ; those who preferred simplicity, equally as those who still
adhered to complexity in officinal formulae. The work really
was what it thus purports to be, a compromise, and a tran-
sition from the polypharmacy of a previous generation to
the simpler methods of prescription which were then becoming
popular. Of the new medicines in the Pharmacopoeia Londi-
nensis of 1721 may be mentioned Hepar Sulphuris (potassii sul-
phuretum) ; Flores Salis Ammoniaci Martiales (ammonio-chlo-
ride of iron) and its tincture ; Tinctura Martis cum Spiritu Salis
(tincture of the perchloride of iron) ; Sal Martis (sulphate of
iron) ; Aqua Sapphirina (solution of ammonio sulphate of copper) ;
lunar caustic, tartar emetic, and lime-water. But little is
recorded of the chief labourers on this Pharmacopoeia. The
preface, which bears date 30th September, 1720, was written by
Sir Hans Sloane. The Imprimatur (which is signed, among
* " Quaedam rejecimus, quia parum utilia ; quaBdam immutavimus,
quia absurda sibique repugnantia viderentur. Superstitionem olentia
expnnximus : ad rationis atque experientiae normam omnia, quantum
fieri potnit, redigere conati. Ahquid ntique Antiquitati dedimus ; cni
tamen hand ita indultnm est, nt, quicqnid vestustatem pras se tu-
lerit, locum hie sine delectu obtmuerit. Quinimo multa recentius
excogitata immiscuimus : quibus Medicorum, et prsesenti et su-
periore seeulo celebrium, experientia gratiam atque pondus addidit.
Eo siquidem consiho processimus ut in mole haud immodica quam
maxima relinqueretur remediorum varietas : ut esset quod Vetera
sequentibus, quod nova amantibus, quod simplicitate gaudentibus,
quod composita probantibus placeret : ut esset denique aptum quid
et conveniens, quod ad morbum quemcunque facile accommodare
posset medici solertia." — Praefatio.
THE PHARMACOPCEIAS. 381
others, by Mead and Freind) is dated 2nd September, 1720 ;
the licence of George I, for the sole printing and publishing of
the work for the term of fourteen years, 23rd January, 1720-1 ;
and the King's proclamation commanding all apothecaries in
England and Wales to follow the directions of the Pharmaco-
poeia, 5th March, 1720-1. It is dedicated to the king, and
appeared with the following title ; a form which has been fol-
lowed ever since : —
Pharmacopoeia
CoUegii Regalis
Medicorcorum
Londinensis.
Londini :
Typis G. Bowyer ; Impensis R. Knaplock, B. Took,
D. Midwinter, R. Smith, G. and J. Innis,
J. Osborn. mdccxxi.
A duodecimo edition appeared in 1724.
Each of these successive Pharmacopoeias had been an im-
provement on its predecessor, but their general character and
style remained the same ; and it was not until the fifth, the
Pharmacopoeia Londinensis of 1746, that the work underwent a
marked change, and assumed many of the characteristics of the
Pharmacopoeias of our own times.
The modes and forms of prescription derived from the Greeks
and Arabians on the revival of learning were in the highest
degree confused and complicated. This was due, in part, to an
imperfect knowledge of the substances employed, to their trivial
nature in many instances, and to a belief that what was wanting
of efficiency or power in individual ingredients might be com-
pensated for and augmented by the combination of many. The
ancients, too, were strangely impressed with the dread of
poisons, and for ever busied themselves in the search for
antidotes. Hoping to frame compositions that might singly
prevail against every species of poison, they massed together
into one composition whatever they had imagined to be endued
with alexipharmic powers. Hence the Mithridatium with its
fifty ingredients, and the Theriaca Andromachi, with many
more; hence, too, the Antidotus Magna Matthioli adversus
Venena et Pestem, made up of more than a hundred and thirty
382 THE PHARMACOPCEIAS.
different ingredients, compounded as well as simple, which
figured in our Pharmacopoeia. Simplicity of prescription was
lost, and a wantonness in accumulating, enlarging, and mixing
medicines, grew up, which had continued to this time. The
first London Pharmacopoeia, with the exception of a few
chemical remedies, which by the time of its publication had
gained some credit, was principally derived from Mesne and
Mcholaus de Salerno ; with some additions from Fernelius, and
some by Sir Theodore Mayerne himself, one of the compilers
of the work, and both of them eminent for their unbounded dif-
fusiveness in composition. This characteristic is conspicuous in
all the Pharmacopoeias above mentioned. But before the Phar-
macopoeia of 1721 appeared there were many physicians in
London and the provinces far in advance of that work in sim-
plicity and method of prescription; and in the quarter of a
century that had since elapsed much had occurred to bring
about an entire change in the whole method and style of phar-
macy. Chemistry was attaining something of the character and
precision of a science ; and Gaubius, amongst but more categori-
cally than others, had reduced into system the principles on
which prescription should proceed, and had been teaching them
for some years in his lectures, to increasing and admiring
audiences at Ley den, whither most English physicians then re-
sorted ere finishing their course of medical study.^ The time
was come for an entire reconstruction of our Pharmacopoeia,
and this it now underwent at the hands of those to whom we
owe the preparation of the Pharmacopoeia Londinensis of 1746.
V. The fifth London Pharmacopoeia, that of 1746, was long
in preparation, and, with a few exceptions, it is to be regarded
as a new work. It was begun in October, 1738, by the Presi-
dent and Censors, with whom were soon associated in the work
Drs. Crowe, Wilmot, Hopwood, Banks, Letherland, Bedford ; and
Dr. Henry Pemberton, the Gresham professor of physic, an ac-
complished gentleman, and one of the best chemists of Ms age.
* His work " Libellus de Methodo Concinnandi Formulas Medica-
mentorum," 12mo. Lugd. Bat., appeared in 173i); bnt he had
been lecturing on that subject from 1731.
THE PHARMACOPOEIAS. 383
Most of Dr. Pemberton's time and attention for seven long years
was devoted to this subject, and to him was confided all the
chemical and pharmaceutic experiments necessary for the whole
work.^ Among the Fellows of the College who took the live-
liest interest in the Pharmacopoeia were the President and Dr.
Crowe. Dr. Crowe was a most regular attendant at the meetings
of the Pharmacopoeia Committee; he possessed abundant
pecuniary means, and he took upon himself to furnish at his
own cost every member of the College with a printed copy, first
of the original draft of the Pharmacopoeia, and again, in the
autumn of 1745, of the whole work, as finally agreed on for pre-
sentation to the College. To the sound sense and influence of
the president, Dr. Plump tre,^ was mainly due that curtailment of
redundancies and general simplification of the work which so
strikingly characterises the Pharmacopoeia of 1746 from its four
predecessors. The Committee, in their final report to the Col-
lege, dwell on the redundancy in composition which ran through
the whole ancient system of officinal prescription, and recom-
mended the College^ to free the work as much as possible from
^1745, November 1st. "Dr. Mead reminded the College of
their obligation to Dr. Pemberton, whose time and judgment had
been chiefly employed in their service for seven years past ; that
the faithfulness and accuracy with which he had made their
chemical experiments, as well as the number of them, entitled him
to a suitable acknowledgment, such as might be worth his accept-
ance, not as an operator, but consistently with his true character
as a gentleman, scholar, philosopher, and physician. That as this
would be an act highly worthy of the College he earnestly recom-
mended it to their consideration."
1745, November 15th. The minutes of the last Comitia Majora
were read, and Dr. Pemberton's eminent services having been duly
considered, it was determined unanimously " That Dr. Pemberton
have the sole right of copy of the said new Pharmacopoeia under
such limitations of type, paper, volume, and price, as shall be deter-
mined by the President. That Dr. Pemberton be presented with
the sum of one hundred guineas, and be reimbursed whatever
charges he has been at, on the College account not already satisfied."
^ " Nee minori sane cura et diligentia medicinoe ipsius cultui et
castitati prospexit; qui Pharmacopoeiae nostras corrigendas tam
sedulo invigilaverit,inconditasque medicamentoruni farragines, et in-
explicabiles mixturas tam prudenti delectu, tam eleganti simphcitate
temperaverit." — Oratio Harveiana auctore Georgio Baker, p. 23.
384 THE PHARMACOPCKIAS. ,
whatever remains of former pedantry," too great a regard for
preceding times or inattention may have left. They state that
their first care was to expunge the medicines no longer made
use of in general practice, and to insert such as had come into
esteem since the last revisal of the Pharmacopoeia.^ Of the
new medicines may be specified Lixivium Saponarium (liquor,
potassse), Sal diureticus (acetas potassse), Causticum Com-
mune fortius (potassa cum calce), Glauber salts, mercurial pill,
and nitric ether. The work was ordered by the College to be
printed 15th November, 1745. The Imprimatur of the Cen-
sors' Board is dated 7th March, 1745-6, the order in Council
28th May, 1746. It appeared in quarto in the summer of
1746, and editions of it in duodecimo were published in 1747,
1757, and 1771. The Preface is from the pen of the president,
Dr. Plumptre.
The Pharmacopoeia of 1746 is in every respect a great im-
provement on that of 1721, and of the three that had preceded
it. In proof of this may be mentioned the marked reduction
in the number of simples in the Materia M.edica ; the yet more
marked curtailment of redundancies in the ingredients of com-
pounded articles ; and the efforts towards simplification of pre-
scription that are evident throughout the work. In the list of the
Materia Medica, which is now arranged simply in alphabetical
order, there are two hundred and seventy-two articles only, as
contrasted with one thousand and twenty-eight in the Pharma-
copoeia of 1618, and only three hundred and seventy-eight pre-
parations and compounds as compared with nine hundred and
^ " Dedecus omnino fore visum est, et opprobrium meritum, si ul-
terius scateret medicamentorum apparatus, inconcinnis et inconditis
misturis, quas intnlit primaeva inscitia, iiitrusit venenorum metus,
aut perpetua suspicio : qui bus ut obviam irent prisci, fere toti erant
in antidotorum investigatione, quae plerumque superstitiose et ani-
liter petiernnt ex oraculis, insomniis, et commentis astrologicis ; et
inani spe freti, antidota composita efficiendi, quae singulatim repri-
merent cujusvis generis toxicum, quicquid contagioni adversari
auimo effinxerant, acervo adjeeerunt. Hinc exolevit medicinae sim-
pUcitas, invaluitque miscendi, augendi, et accumulandi luxuries.
Exiude in nostra tempora fluxit labes. Nos quantum heuit cumu-
lum amohri conati sumus, nonnuUa vero, vi consuetudinis cedentes,
posteritati corrigenda reliquimus."— Praefatio Lectori.
THE PHARMACOPCEIAS. 385
tliirty-two in that work. The Prseparata et Composita in the
Pharmacopoeia of 1746 are as follow : —
Prseparationes simpliciores . . . . . . . . . , 26
Gonservea . . . . . . . . . . , . , . , ^ ]^2
Condita . . . . . . . . . , . . . . ^ ^ 4
Succi . . . . , . . . . . . , , , ^ ^ 3
Extracta et Resinaa . . . . . . . . . . ^ ^ 12
Olea per expressionem . . . . . . , , . . ^ ^ 4
Olea per distillationem . . . . . , . . , . , ^ 26
Sales et Salina . . . . . . . . , , , . . , 3g
Resinosa et Salphurea . , . . . , . . . . . , Q
Metallica . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . 27
Aquae simplices . . , . . . . . . . . . . , H
Aqu£e stillatitise spirituosae et spirit as . . . . , . . . 16
Decocta et Infusa . . . . . , . . . . . . 18
Vina . . . . . . 10
Tincturse Spirit aosas . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Mixturae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q
Syrnpi .. .. 18
Mella et Oxymelita . . 8
Pulveres . . . . . . , , . . . , . . . . 18
Trochisci et Tabellaa . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Pilulae 9
Electaria . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . , H
Aquae medicamentosae . . , . . , . , , . . . 5
Olea per infusionem et decoctionem . . . . , . . . 4
Emplastra . . . , . . . . . . . . , , 14
TJnguenta et Linimenta , , , . . . . . . . . . 23
Cerata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Epithemata , . , , . . , , . . . , . . 4
378
Finally, it may be mentioned, in proof of the reduction in the
number and complexity of ingredients in individual formulae,
that while the great majority of compounded articles in the
above list are constituted of two, three, or four ingredients only,
including the vehicle ; there are of formulae containing five in-
gredients twenty-seven, of those with six ingredients nine ; that
there are with seven, two ; and with eight ingredients, two ; and
with nine, ten, thirteen, and fourteen ingredients, of each one.
But as if in contrast to all this, and to the good sense every-
where else displayed throughout the work, we find to our sur-
prise that the Mithridatium of fifty ingredients and the Theriaca
Andromachi of sixty-five still find a place in this Pharmacopoeia ;
VOL. III. 2 c
386 THE PHABMACOPCEIAS.
standing examples of the polypharmacy of a past age, as are
the Millepedse, Vipera, et Scincorum ventres, of the animal
Materia Medica of the same period.
VI. Immediately after Sir George Baker's election to the pre-
sidency of the College he addressed himself to the review and re-
construction of the Pharmacopoeia Londinensis. He was named
President the 30th September, 1785, and on the 2nd of November
following it was resolved by the College on his proposition to revise
the Pharmacopoeia, and a Committee of the CoUege officers was
named for that purpose. To them after a time was added Dr.
George Fordyce, who, it has been said, was elected into the fel-
lowship with a view to the aid his well-known scientific attain-
ments might afford to the work the College had then in hand.
Two years were given to the preparation of this the sixth
Pharmacopoeia Londinensis, which appeared early in 1788, and
is a good example of what science, letters, and sound sense could
effect for such a work. To the classical attainments, profound
medical erudition, and matured experience of the President, Sir
George Baker, was added the extensive chemical and pharma-
ceutic knowledge and large experience of Dr. Fordyce, and the
sound judgment and medical tact of Dr. David Pitcairn. The
Committee availed itself of all the assistance that could be de-
rived from the chemistry of the time. All formulae of complex
composition but of little use were omitted, redundancies in
others were removed, and proved deficiencies in a few were
supplied. But all this in such a manner that no new remedy
was admitted into the Pharmacopoeia without a good reason,
and no old one in general use was rejected. Simplicity was
studied wherever possible, and care was taken to combine such
ingredients only as conspire to one and the same end.
The Pharmacopoeia of 1788 is as noteworthy for the simples
and compounds of former Pharmacopoeias that it omits, as for
the new articles it admits to its pages. The Mithridatium and
Theriaca Andromachi are at length omitted, but it was only
after their omission had been urged by the celebrated Dr. Heber-
den,^ and a vote of the College to that effect, that the Com-
* Powell's Translation of the Pharmacopoeia Londinensis of 1809.
2nd ed. 8vo. Lond. 1809. p. 290.
THE PHARMACOrCEIAS. 387
mittee ventured to exclude them. Several of the formulae of
the preceding Pharmacopoeia are still further simplified ; and of
the many new articles introduced I may mention aconite, arnica,
cascarilla, conium, calumba, kino, quassia, simarouba, castor oil,
senega, magnesia, Dover's and James's powders, solution of
acetate of ammonia, Eochelle salt, tartrate of iron, oxide of
zinc, two decoctions of sarsaparilla, Huxham's tincture of bark,
ether, and Hoffmann's anodyne. The synonyms in the Materia
Medica are no longer from Bauhin. The system of Linnaeus
had by this time become estabhshed in general favour, and the
references are made to the Species Plantarum of that naturalist ;
but occasional deviations from it are admitted where more recent
authorities or more accurate observation required them.
The preface to the work is by Sir George Baker, who was
responsible also for the language of the Pharmacopoeia itself.
The Imprimatur of the Censors' Board is dated 5th October, 1787 ;
the Order in Council 16th January, 1788. Editions were issued
in quarto, octavo, and duodecimo, all of them in 1788. The
authorised translation into English was by Thomas Healde,
M.D., r.E.S., a FeUow of the College.
VII. Pharmacopoeia Londinensis of 1809. The question of a
new Pharmacopoeia was under consideration by the College as
early as 1800 ; but nothing was really done towards it until
the 30th September, 1805, at which time Sir Lucas Pepys, a
person of great energy and decision of character, was in the chair.
It was then determined to prepare another Pharmacopoeia, and
the work of doing so was delegated to an open Committee of the
Fellows of the College, which commenced its meetings in
January, 1806, and continued them with much regularity for
two years. Suggestions and aid had been sought from all
quarters, and at the end of that period the Committee printed a
" Specimen " embodying the result of their inquiries and labours.
Two hundred and fifty copies were distributed in April, 1808,
among the fellows and members of the College and others, who
had either interested themselves in the furtherance of the work,
or were thought well qualified to give an opinion upon it.
Observations, criticisms, and advice were invited. Those re-
2 c 2
388 THE PHARMACOPCEIAS.
ceived were numerous and valuable ; and a Sub-committee of
four of the Fellows, Dr. William Heberden, jun., Dr. Edward
Ash, Dr. Maton, and Dr. Eichard Powell, were appointed to
consider them, and prepare a second " Specimen," with such
alterations of the first as might be suggested by the subject
itself considered as a whole, and by the observations which had
been received.* This second specimen was circulated only among
the fellows of the College resident in London, and their further
comments were invited. A final report was made to the Col-
lege at the Comitia Majora held 25th March, 1809, and adopted ;
and the Pharmacopoeia thus completed was ordered to be
published.
One of the great difficulties that the Pharmacopoeia Committee
had to grapple with was the nomenclature, especially of
chemical substances and compositions. This subject was fully
considered in all its bearings, and the College finally judged it
proper, for the sake of uniformity and consistency, that in adopt-
ing the products of chemistry it should adopt also its language,
a principle which was followed in all subsequent Pharmacopoeias
of the London College. Another deviation from ordinary usage in
the nomenclature of this Pharmacopoeia was the placing the name
of the base first instead of last in order, a change which proceeded
from caution and not from any whimsical singularity. In the
medical application of a chemical remedy the base is of primary
importance, any accidental mistake in which would be of far
the greatest consequence in compounding a medicine ; and those
who are used to the subject know the greater value and force of
the first over any subsequent word used for a name either in
the prescription of the physician, or upon the label of the
druggist's bottle. The minim or sixtieth part of a fluid drachm,
was now, in the interest of accuracy, substituted for the ever
varying drop, the only mode heretofore in use for the division
and measurement of quantities of liquids of less bulk than a
drachm.
The Pharmacopoeia Londinensis of 1809 was almost wholly
reconstructed and rewritten ; the chemical parts were new, the
processes for the preparation of the several articles are given at
much length and in very good Latin, and a scientific nomencla-
THE PHARMACOPCEIAS. 389
ture in accordance witli the most recent views of chemistry was
adopted throughout the work. Some of the Galenical prepara-
tions remained unchanged, but the work, as a whole, presented a
novel look in comparison with its predecessors, more so, how-
ever, in the mode in which its contents are presented to us than
by any material additions to it. More than a hundred articles
and preparations of the Pharmacopoeia of 1788 are omitted from
this of 1809, but it will scarcely be thought that any article
which is omitted ought to have been retained. They are indeed,
for the most part, those referred to in the preface to the Pharma-
copoeia of 1788, as innocent in themselves, and retained out of
tenderness to the feelings of some contemporaries, and awaiting
the correction or rejection of their successors.^ Nearly as many
new articles and preparations are introduced in their place, and
several of them of great value and potency. Amongst these
may be mentioned arsenic, belladonna, cajeput, cusparia, digi-
talis, the compound decoction of aloes, Griffith's mixture and
pill, the pilula ferri cum myrrha, Plummer's pill, and more than
a dozen new infusions, and these of so much value that
most of them retain their place in the Pharmacopoeia of the
present time.
The preface to the work is from the pen of the President, Sir
Lucas Pepys. For the language of the work itself the College
was indebted to Dr. Richard Powell, who had acted throughout
as secretary to the Pharmacopoeia Committee, and to whom we
owe the only authorised translation of the work into English.
The Imprimatur of the Censors' Board and the Order in Council
are both dated the same day, 26th June, 1809. A second
edition of this work in octavo appeared in 1815, and another in
duodecimo in 1817.
VIII. The eighth Pharmacopoeia Londinensis, that of 1824,
differs but little from its immediate predecessor of 1809, and was
^ " Quod si snpervacanei quidpiam ant parum utiUs hinc indo spar-
sura sit, id nobis satius visum est posteris reUnquere sive corrigen-
dum, sive delendum, quam opinionibus etiam pravis dum innoxiis,
nimium pertinaciter advcrsari." — Praefatio ad Pharm. Lend.
iiDCCLXXXViii, p. xviii.
390 THE PHAHMACOPGEIAS.
generally thought to be behind the science and therapeutics of
the time. The only additions of any importance to it are bis-
muth, cubebs, croton oil, stramonium, confection of black pepper,
and the wine of colchicum. Dr. Powell, Dr. Maton, Dr. Ash,
Dr. Young, Dr. Hue, Sir George Tuthill, and Dr. Paris, were the
Committee for its preparation, but it was mainly the work of Sir
George Tuthill, to whom we owe the authorised translation of
the work into English. So few were the alterations from the
Pharmacopoeia of 1809, so unimportant the additions to that
work, that it was not thought necessary to write a new preface
for the Pharmacopoeia of 1824, and the preface of 1809, by Sir
Lucas Pepys, was reprinted in this. Indeed one might hesitate
to characterise this as a new Pharmacopoeia, was it not that it
has a new Imprimatur and a fresh Order in Council, two cir-
cumstances which have always been held to constitute a new
Pharmacopoeia as distinguished from an edition or reprint. The
Imprimatur is dated 5th March, 1823, the Order in Council
19th January, 1824. Surprise was felt when this Pharmacopoeia
of 1824 appeared, that none of the new remedies then coming
into use, neither morphia, nor iodine, nor quinine, were con-
tained in it ; and this feeling was increased when Dr. Paris, the
junior member of the Pharmacopoeia Committee, and an acknow-
ledged authority on all questions of pharmacology, in 1826,
only two years after the publication of the Pharmacopoeia, took
for the subject of his first Materia Medica lectures at the then
new College in Pall Mall East, these very remedies, and other
recent additions to the Materia Medica, with all the new dis-
coveries in chemistry which had relation to that subject. But
it was understood that Dr. Paris, who had advocated their ad-
mission into the Pharmacopoeia, was overruled by his seniors in
the Committee.
IX. The ninth Pharmacopoeia Londinensis, that of 1836, was
the work mainly of the elder Dr. Babington and Sir George
Tuthill (both of whom died before it was completed), of Dr.
Paris and Dr. Hue, aided by a very competent practical
chemist, Mr. Kichard Phillips, who had devoted much attention
to pharmaceutic chemistry, and who, at the request of the
THE PHARMACOPCEIAS. 391
Pharmacopoeia Committee, conducted or inspected the preparation
of the new medicines then introduced, for the first time, into the
Pharmacopoeia, besides repeating in many instances the pro-
cesses which that work already contained. Considering how
much had been effected in the few previous years towards ex-
tending and remodelling those Sciences on which medicine so
largely depends, it can excite no surprise that the Pharmacopoeia
of 1824, which even at its publication was thought to be
scarcely on a level with the knowledge of the time, should in
the course of twelve years which had since elapsed, have become
very imperfect, and in some respects obsolete. The Pharmaco-
poeia of 1836 was undoubtedly a great improvement upon it, and
on all Pharmacopoeias that had preceded it, and a disposition is
evinced throughout the work, to keep up with the rapid strides
then makmg in chemistry, and through it in the number of
energetic and valuable remedies that were being added to the
armamentarium of the physician. This Pharmacopoeia is marked
by the admission into its pages for the first time of the alkaloids,
aconitina, morphia, quinia, strychnia, and veratria, of hydro-
cyanic and phosphoric acids, of iodine, bromine, and preparations
of them, of creosote, ergot, and lobelia. If, says the College,
some of these should appear as yet but little approved by ex-
perience, we have, nevertheless, included them, that whosoever
should think fit to administer them may have them at hand
accurately prepared and fitted for his use. Short notes, relating
chiefly to the chemical preparations and describing their physical
properties, and the means which should be adopted for the de-
tection of impurities and adulterations, are given for the first
time in this Pharmacopoeia.
The preface to the work was written by Dr. Chambers. The
Imprimatur is dated 4th November, 1836, the Order in Cmincil
26th October, 1836. The authorised translation was by Eichard
PhilHps, F.E.S.
X. Of the tenth and last Pharmacopoeia Londinensis which
appeared in 1851 but little need be said. The alterations from
its immediate predecessor of 1836 were few and unimportant/
and it was said by competent judges not to be at all in advance
392 PORTRAITS AND PAINTINGS.
of that work in the chemical processes contained in it. The
new remedies of moment introduced into it were chloroform,
cod-liver oil, tannic and gallic acids, and atropine; and some
convenient preparations of lobelia, ergot, and of the salts of
morphia ; aconitine was omitted, and so too was the bromide of
potassium, both of which had found a place in the Pharmacopoeia
of 1836. The Pharmacopoeia of 1851 was the work mainly of
Dr. Benjamin G. Babington, Dr. F. J. Farre, and Dr. Nairne.
Dr. Babington, it is believed, was responsible for the language
of the work itself ; but the preface was from the pen of Dr. Mayo,
then the senior Censor of the College. The Imprimatur is dated
14th March, 1850, the Order in Council 3rd February, 1851.
The authorised translation was by Mr. Eichard Phillips, but
he died whilst his work was going through the press, and it was
completed by Mr. J. Denham Smith.
Under the provisions of the Medical Act, 21 and 22 Vic,
the duty of preparing and publishing a British Pharmacopoeia
devolved on the General Council of Medical Education and
Eegistration, and the College of Physicians of London, as did
the sister Colleges of Edinburgh and Dublin, then ceased to
issue their respective pharmacopoeias.
A LIST OF THE PORTRAITS, PAmTINGS, BUSTS,
STATUETTES, &c., IN THE COLLEGE OF PHY-
SICIANS.
Portraits and Paintings.
John Arbuthnot, M.D. (RoU, ii, 27.)
Painted by Jervas. Purchased by the College in 1864.
From the collection of Dr. Turton, bishop of Ely.
FeUow of the College, 1710. Died, 1735.
Physician to Queen Anne.
Matthew Baillie, M.D. (Roll, ii, 402.)
Painted by Sir Thomas Lawrence. Bequeathed to the Col-
lege by Mrs. David Pitcairn.
Born, 1761. FeUow of the College, 1790. Died, 1823.
, Physician Extraordinary to George III.
PORTRAITS AND PAINTINGS. 393
Sir George Baker, bart. (Roll, ii, 213.)
Painted by Ozias Humphrey, R.A. Engraved by J. Single-
ton. Presented by Sir Frederick Baker, bart., in 1825.
Born in 1722. Fellow of the College, 1757. President,
1785, and was eight times re-elected. Died, 1809.
Physician to George III and to Queen Charlotte.
Sir Richard Blackmore, knt., M.D. (Roll, i, 467.)
Painted by Colsterman. Presented by Richard Almack, esq.,
of Milford, in 1863.
Fellow of the College, 1687. Died, 1729, aged seventy-six.
Physician to William III.
Sir Gilbert Plane, bart., M.D. (Roll, ii, 325.)
An unfinished portrait by Sir Martin Archer Shee. Presented
by Mr. D. Robertson Plane, in 1858.
Born, 1747. Licentiate of the College, 1781. Died, 1834.
Physician to George IV and William IV.
Herman Boerhaave.
Presented by Mr. Bayford, in 1832.
Born, 1668. Died, 1738.
Francis Boot, M.D.
Presented by the Linnaean Society in 1874.
Licentiate of the College, 1826. Died, 1863, aged seventy-two.
Edmund Boulter.
Presented by himself. Printer to the CoUege.
Richard Bright, M.D. (Roll, iii, 155.)
Painted by Saye, in 1860, at the expense of the College and
" in honour of his memory."
Born, 1789. Licentiate of the College, 1816. FeUow, 1832.
Died, 1858.
Physician Extraordinary to the Queen.
Sir Thomas Browne, knt., M.D., of Norwich. (Roll, i, 321.)
Born, 1605. Honorary Fellow of the College, 1664. Died,
1682.
394 PORTBAITS AND PAINTINGS.
Sir William Browne, knt., M.D. (Eoll, ii, 95.)
Painted by Hudson. Presented by himself in 1767, when
President.
Born, 1692. PeUow of the College, 1726. Treasurer, 1751.
President, 1765 and 1766. Died, 1774.
William Cadogan, M.D. (Eoll, ii, 221.)
Painted by R. E. Pine, 1769. Engraved by W. Dickinson.
Presented by Whitlock Mcholl, M.D., in 1828.
Eellow of the College, 1758. Died, 1797, aged eighty-six.
Walter Charleton, M.D. (Roll, i, 390.)
Painted and engraved by Loggan, 1679.
Born, 1619. Fellow of the College, 1676-7. President,
1689 to 1691. Died, 1707.
William Cheselden, the Surgeon. ?
Born, 1688. Died, 1752.
John Clarke, M.D. (Roll, i, 180.)
Presented by his grand-daughter Ann, daughter of Sir John
Micklethwaite, M.D., in 1709.
Eellow of the College, 1622. Treasurer, 1643. President from
1645 to 1649. Died, 1653.
JosiAH Clerk, M.D. (Roll, i, 379.)
Eellow of the College, 1675. Treasurer, 1709. President,
1708. Died, 1714, aged seventy-four.
William Croone, M.D. (Roll, i, 369.)
Painted by Mary Beale. Presented by William Woodford, M.D.,
E.RC.P., Regius Professor of Physic at Oxford, in 1738.
Eellow of the College, 1675. Died, 1684.
The Marquis of Dorchester. (Roll, i, 281.)
Painted at the expense of the College in 1691.
Born, 1606. Eellow of the CoUege, 1658. Died, 1680.
John Elliotson, M.D. (Roll, iii, 258.)
Painted by James Ramsay. Presented by his sister. Miss
Eliza Elliotson.
Born, 1791. Eellow of the College, 1822. Died, 1868.
PORTRAITS AND PAINTINGS. 395
Thomas Elliotson, M.D.
Painted by James Eamsay. Presented by his sisters, Emma
and Eliza Elliotson, 1851.
EeUow of the CoUege, 1833. Died 1st August, 1850.
Akthur Fakre, M.D.
Painted by Altamura. Presented by himself in 1877.
Fellow of the College, 1843.
Physician Extraordinary to the Queen.
John Fothergill, M.D. (EoU, ii, 154.)
Painted by Hogarth. Presented by Mr. Cribb.
Born, 1712. Licentiate of the College, 1744. Died, 1780.
John Freind, M.D. (Roll, ii, 48.)
Painted by Dahl. Bequeathed to the College by Matthew
Lee, M.D., F.R.C.P., in 1755.
Born, 1675. Fellow of the College, 1716. Died, 1728.
Elected M.P. for Launceston in 1722.
Physician to Queen Caroline.
John Freind, M.D.
A medallion carved in box-wood.
Presented to the College by Dr. Diamond.
Sir Samuel Garth, knt., M.D. (Roll, i, 498.)
Painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Engraved by Heinbracher.
Presented by Charles Chauncey, M.D., F.R.C.P., in 1763.
Fellow of the College, 1693. Died 1718-9.
Physician to George I, and Physician-General to the Army.
Francis Glisson, M.D. (RoU, i, 218.)
Painted and engraved by W. Faithorne.
Born, 1597. Fellow of the College, 1635. President, 1667
to 1669. Died, 1677.
Robert Gooch, M.D. (RoU, iii, 100.)
Painted by R. J. Lane. Presented by his daughter. Miss
Gooch, of Torquay.
Born, 1784. Licentiate of the College, 1812. Died, 1830.
396 POKTRAITS AND PAINTINGS.
Charles Goodall, M.D. (Eoll, i, 402.)
Presented by his widow in 1713.
Fellow of the College, 1680. President, 1708, to his death, in
1712.
EiCHAED Hale, M.D. (Eoll, ii, 48.)
Fellow of the College, 1716. Died, 1728, aged fifty-eight.
EiciiARD Hale, M.D.
Painted by Eichardson in 1733 at the expense of the College.
A copy of the above " for the College library," to which Dr. Hale
had been a liberal benefactor.
Baldwin Hamey, M.D. (Eoll, i, 207.)
Painted by Snelling. Presented by Ealph Palmer, esq.
Born, 1600. Fellow of the College, 1633-4. Eegistrar, 1646.
Treasurer, 1664. Died, 1676.
William Harvey, M.D. (EoU, i, 124.)
Painted by Cornelius Jansen. Engraved by J. Hall.
Born, 1578. Fellow of the College, 1607. Lumleian lec-
turer, 1615. Treasurer, 1628. Died, 1657.
Physician to James I and Charles I.
— Harvey demonstrating to Charles I his theory of the cir-
culation of the blood. Painted by Eobert Hannah. Engraved
by H. Lemon. Purchased by the College.
William Heberden, M.D. (Eoll, ii, 159.)
Painted by Sir William Beechy, E. A. Engraved by W. Ward.
Presented by his son, William Heberden, M.D., F.E.C.P., in 1825.
Born, 1710. Fellow of the CoUege, 1746. Died, 1801.
Henry VIIL
One of two " ancient pictures " in the possession of Charles
Goodall, M.D., F.E.C.P., and presented by him to the College
in 1706.
Henry VIII.
Presented by Dr. Kawlinson, 4th December, 1747.
PORTRAITS AND PAINTINGS. 397
William Hunter, M.D. (PvoU, ii, 205.)
Painted by Hans Zoffani. Presented by Mr. Bransby B. Cooper
in 1829.
Born, 1718. Licentiate of the College, 1756. Died, 1783.
Physician Extraordinary to Queen Charlotte.
William Hunter, M.D., lecturing on anatomy to the Eoyal
Academy. Painted by Hans Zoffani. Presented to the College
by the widow of Matthew Baillie, M.D., in 1822.
Dr. Hunter was appointed Professor of Anatomy to the Eoyal
Academy in 1768.
Sir Eichard Jebb, M.D. (Eoll, ii, 291.)
Painted by Hans Zoffani. Presented by the Eev. E. Fitz-
william Hallifax, of Batchcott, near Ludlow, in 1827.
Born, 1729. Licentiate of the College, 1755. Fellow, 1771.
Died, 1787.
Physician Extraordinary to George III; Physician to the
Prince of Wales.
Sir Edmund King, knt., M.D. (Eoll, i, 448.)
Painted by Sir Peter Lely. Engraved by Williams.
FeUow of the CoUege, 1687. Died, 1 709, aged eighty.
Physician to Charles II.
Thomas Linacre, M.D. (Eoll, i, 12.)
A copy in 1810, by Mr. William Miller, the College bedel,
m amateur artist of considerable merit, from an original picture
in Kensington palace.
Born, 1460. President of the College from its foundation, in
1518, to his death in 1524.
Physician to Henry VII and Henry VIII.
The Maniac. Painted by George Daw, E.A. Presented to
ithe College by the committee of Hanwell Asylum.
William George Maton, M.D. (Eoll, iii, 6.)
Purchased by the College in 1870.
Born, 1774. Fellow of the College, 1802. Treasurer, 1814
iDied, 1835.
398 PORTRAITS AND PAINTINGS.
Sir Theodore de Mayerne, knt., M.D. (Eoll, i, 163.)
Born at Geneva, 1573. Fellow of the College, 1616. Died,
1654-5.
Physician to Henry IV of France ; to James I of England,
Charles I, and Charles II.
EiCHARD Mead, M.D. (EoU, ii, 40.)
Presented by Charles Chauncey, M.D., F.RC.P., in 1759.
Born, 1673. Fellow of the CoUege, 1716. Died, 1754.
Physician to George II.
EiCHARD Mead, M.D.
Portrait in profile. Presented by the widow of Pelham
Warren, M.D., F.RC.P., in 1836.
EicHARD Mead, M.D.
Portrait in profile. Presented by Mr. Bayford in 1837.
EiCHARD Mead, M.D.
A miniature. Presented by the late distinguished surgeon,
Sir William Fergusson, bart.
Sir John Micklethwaite, knt., M.D. (Eoll, i, 237.)
Presented by Sir Edmund King, M.D., in 1682.
Born, 1612. Fellow of the College, 1643. Treasurer, 1667
to 1675. President from 1676 to 1681. Died, 1682.
Physician to Charles II.
Sir Thomas Millington, knt., M.D. (Eoll, i, 363.)
Born, 1628. Fellow of the College, 1672. Treasurer, 1686
to 1689. President, 1696 to his death in 1703-4.
Physician to William III, Queen Mary, and Queen Anne.
Edward Thomas Monro, M.D. (Eoll, iii, 153.)
Painted by his son, Henry Monro, M.D., F.RC.P., and pre-
sented by him to the College.
Born, 1789. Fellow of the College, 1816. Treasurer, 1845
to 1854. Died, 1856.
PORTRAITS AND PAINTINGS. 399
James Monro, M.D. (EoU, ii, 113.)
Presented by his great great grandson, Henry Monro, M.D.,
F.RC.P.
Born, 1680. Fellow of the College, 1729. Died, 1752.
John Monro, M.D. (Eoll, ii, 183.)
Presented by his great grandson, Henry Monro, M.D., F.R.C.P.
Born, 1715. Fellow of the College, 1753. Died, 1791.
Thomas Monro, M.D. (Eoll, ii, 414.)
Presented by his grandson, Henry Monro, M.D., F.RC.P.
Bom, 1759. Fellow of the College, 1791. Died, 1833.
Messenger Monsey, A.B. (Roll, ii, 84.)
Painted by Mary Black in 1764. Presented by F. Walford,
esq., of Bolton- street, in 1877.
Born, 1693. Extra-Licentiate of the College, 1723. Died,
1788, aged ninety-six.
Physician to Chelsea hospital.
John Ayrton Paris, M.D. (RoU, iii, 120.)
Painted by Charles Skotowe. Presented by his family.
Born, 1785. Fellow of the College,- 1814. President, 1844
to his death in 1856.
Thomas Pellett, M.D. (Roll, ii, 56.)
Fellow of the College, 1716. President, 1735 to 1739. Died,
1744.
David Pitcairn, M.D. (Roll, ii, 353.)
Painted by Hoppner. Bequeathed to the College by his
widow.
Born, 1749. Fellow of the College, 1785. Died, 1809.
William Pitcairn, M.D. (Roll, ii, 172.)
Painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds. Engraved by Jones. Be-
queathed to the College by the widow of David Pitcairn, M.D.,
F.R.C.P.
Born, 1711. Fellow of the College, 1750. President, 1775
to 1784. Died, 1791.
400 PORTRAITS AND PAINTINGS.
Henry Plumptre, M.D. (Eoll, ii, 24.)
Presented by himself in 1744.
Fellow of the College, 1708. Eegistrar, 1718 to 1722.
Treasurer, 1725 and 1726. President, 1740 to 1745. Died, 1746.
William Prout, M.D. (Poll, iii, 109.)
Painted by Henry Phillips, jun., at the expense of the College,
from a miniature in the possession of his family.
Born, 1785. Licentiate of the College, 1812. Pellow, 1829.
Died, 1850.
Sir Francis Prujean, knt., M.D. (Poll, i, 185.)
Painted by Streater in 1662. Purchased by the College in
1874 of Miss Prujean, his last surviving descendant.
Fellow of the College, 1626. Eegistrar, 1641 to 1647. Trea-
surer, 1655 to 1663. President, 1650 to 1654. Died, 1666.
John Eadcliffe, M.D. (EoU, i, 455.)
Painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Presented by Dr. Jenner in
1764.
Born, 1650. Fellow of the College, 1687. Died, 1714.
William Saunders, M.D. (Poll, ii, 399.)
Presented by his son, Mr. J. J. Saunders.
Born, 1743. Licentiate of the College, 1769. Fellow, 1790.
Died, 1817.
Physician Extraordinary to the Prince Eegent.
Peter Shaw, M.D. (Poll, ii, 190.)
Presented by the widow of Pelham Warren, M.D., F.E.C.P.,
in 1836.
Born, 1694. Licentiate of the College, 1740. Fellow, 1754.
Died, 1763.
Physician to George II and George III.
Sir Hans Sloane, bart., M.D. (Poll, i, 460.)
Painted by Thomas Murray.
PORTRAITS AND PAINTINGS. 401
Born, 1660. Fellow of the College, 1687. President, from
1719 to 1735. Died, 1753.
Physician to George II. Physician-General to the army.
John Spurgin, M.D. (Eoll, ii, 264.)
Painted by Miss Sutherland. Presented by his widow.
Fellow of the College, 1826. Died, 1866.
Thomas Sydenham, M.D. (Eoll, i, 309.)
Painted by Mary Beale. Presented by his grandson, The-
ophilus Sydenham, in 1747.
Born, 1624. Licentiate of the College, 1663. Died, 1689.
Thomas Sydenham, M.D.
Presented by his son, WiUiam Sydenham, M.D., in 1691,
Thomas Sydenham, M.D.
Presented by Mr. Bayford, 1832.
Edward Tyson, M.D. (Eoll, i, 426.)
Presented by Eichard Tyson, M.D., F.E.C.P., in 1764.
Fellow of the CoUege, 1683. Died, 1708, aged fifty-eight.
Eichard Tyson, M.D. (EoU, ii, 234.)
Fellow of the CoUege, 1761. Eegistrar, 1774 to 1780. Died,
1784.
Andreas Vesalius.
Painted by Calcar.
Pelham Warren, M.D. (Eoll, iii, 41.)
Painted by John Linnell, 1835, and engraved by him. Pre-
sented by his widow, in 1837.
Fellow of the College, 1806. Died, 1835, aged fifty-seven.
Eichard Warren, M.D. (Eoll, ii, 242.)
Painted by Gainsborough. Presented by his son, Pelham
Warren, M.D., F.E.C.P., in 1825.
Born, 1731. FeUow, 1763. Died, 1797.
Physician to George III.
VOL. III. 2 D
402 BUSTS.
Sir Thomas Watson, bart., M.D. (Roll, iii, 201.)
Painted by Riclimond, at the request of many of the Fellows
of the College, and by them presented to the College. Engraved
by Cousens.
Born, 1792. Fellow of the College, 1826. President, 1862
to 1866.
Physician to the Queen.
Thomas Wharton, M.D. (Roll, i, 255.)
Painted by Van- Dyke. Presented by his grandson George
Wharton, M.D., F.R.C.P., in 1729.
Born, 1614. FeUow of the College, 1650. Died, 1673.
Daniel Whistler, M.D. (Roll, i, 249.)
Presented by Mr. Boulton in 1704.
Fellow of the College, 1649. Registrar, 1674 to 1681. Trea-
surer, 1682. President, 1683. Died, 1684.
Cardinal Wolsey.
One of two "ancient pictures" formerly in the possession of
Charles Goodall, M.D., F.R.C.P., and presented by him to the
College in 1706.
Busts.
Anthony Addington, M.D. (Roll, ii, 198.)
Presented by Lord Chatham in 1827.
Fellow of the College, 1756. Died, 1790, aged seventy-six.
ASCLEPIOS.
A cast presented by Sir Thomas Watson, bart., M.D.
William Babington, M.D. (Roll, ii, 451.)
By Behnes. Presented in 1839 by the Committee for raising
a monument to the memory of Dr. Babington in St. Paul's.
Born, 1756. Licentiate of the College, 1796. Fellow, 1827.
Died, 1833.
Matthew Baillie, M.D. (Roll, ii, 402.)
By Chantry. Executed at the expense of the College, in 1824.
BUSTS. 403
Bom, 1761. Fellow of the College, 1790. Died, 1823.
Physician Extraordinary to George III.
EiCHARD Bright, M.D. (EoU, iii, 155.)
By Behnes. Presented by his widow.
Born, 1789. Licentiate of the College, 1816. Fellow, 1832.
Died, 1858.
Physician Extraordinary to the (^ueen.
John Conolly, M.D.
Presented by the Medico-Psychological Society in 1867.
Licentiate of the College, 1829. Fellow, 1844. Died, 1866,
aged seventy-one.
The Marquis of Dorchester. (EoU, i, 281.)
Born, 1606. Fellow of the CoUege, 1658. Died, 1680.
Galen.
An antique bust in marble. Presented by Lord Ashburton,
in 1835.
George IY.
By Chantry. Presented by the king in 1825, at the opening
of the College in Pall Mall East.
Sir Henry Halford, bart., M.D. (Eoll, iii, 427.)
By Chantry. Executed at the expense of several Fellows of
the College, and by them presented to the College in 1825.
Born, 1766. Fellow of the College, 1794. President, from
1820 to his death in 1844.
Physician to George III, George IV, William IV, Victoria.
William Harvey, M.D. (EoU, i, 124.)
By Scheemakers. Presented by Dr. Mead in 1739. From
an original picture in the possession of Dr. Mead.
William Harvey, M.D.
A cast from the above.
2 D 2
404 STATUETTES AND MEDALLIONS.
EiCHARD Mead, M.D. (EoU, ii, 40.)
By Eoubiliac. Presented by Anthony Askew, M.D., F.E.C.P.,
in 1756.
Born, 1673. FeUow of the CoUege, 1716. Died, 1754.
Physician to George II.
John Ayrton Paris, M.D. (EoU, iii, 120.)
Modelled in clay.
Born, 1785. FeUow of the College, 1814. President, 1844 to
his death in 1856.
Thomas Sydenham, M.D. (EoU, i, 309.)
By Wilton, 1758. Executed at, the expense of the CoUege.
Born, 1624. Licentiate of the College, 1663. Died, 1689.
Thomas Sydenham, M.D.
A model of the above, by WUton, 1758.
Statuettes.
Anthony Askew, M.D. (EoU, ii, 185.)
A model in unbaked clay, the work of a Chinese who had
been his patient. Presented by Dr. Askew's daughter. Lady
Pepys, in 1831.
Born, 1722. FeUow of the College, 1753. Eegistrar, 1767 to
his death, 1774.
Benjamin Guy Babington, M.D.
Presented by his son in 1868.
Fellow of the CoUege, 1831. Died, 1866.
Medallions.
H.E.H. The Prince Consort.
John Ormiston Macwilliam, M.D.
INDEX OF NAMES.
VOL.
PAGE
VOL.
PAGE
Abbott, Richard
i
308
Armstrong, John
. iii
216
Aberdour, Alexander
iii
6
Arnold, John .
ii
76
Adam, Walter
iii
179
Arnott, Neil
. iii
161
Adams, Joseph
iii
76
Arris, Thomas .
i
342
Adams, Richard
i
512
Aschton, Peter .
i
34
Addams, Thomas
ii
148
Ash, Edward .
. ii
465
Addenbrooke, John .
. ii
14
Ash, John
. ii
378
Addington, Antony .
ii
198
Ashbumer, John
. iii
181
Addison, Thomas
. iii
205
Ashenden, Charles
. ii
129
Adee, Swithen
ii
256
Askew, Anthony
ii
185
Aderly, Samuel
i
369
Atfield, John .
i
369
Adje, Edward
i
204
Atkins, Henry .
. i
93
Ager, Joseph .
. iii
97
Atkinson, Christophe
r = i
87
Aiken, John
. ii
421
Atkinson, John
ii
359
Ainslie, Henry .
ii
437
Atslowe, Edward
. i
66
Akenside, Mark
ii
195
Aubert, Mauritius
i
197
Alcock, Nathan
ii
189
Austen, William
. i
276
Alder, Peter .
i
502
Austin, William
ii
377
Alexander, Benjamin
ii
270
Ayre, Joseph .
. iii
285
Allatt, Christopher J. R.
iii
305
Ayres, Thomas
i
497
Allen, John
i
485
Allen, Joseph .
ii
272
Babbington, WilHam
i
240
Allen, Thomas
i
361
Baber, Sir John
i
277
Alston, Sir Edward .
i
202
Babington, WiUiam
. ii
451
Alvey, Thomas
i
389
Back, Wnham
. iii
129
Anderson, Robert .
iii
76
Bacon, Matthew
i
333
Andr6e, John- .
ii
148
Badeley, John Carr .
. iii
300
Andrews, Richard .
i
154
Baden, Andrew
i
515
Angier, Bazahol
ii
33
Badham, Charles
. iii
190
Angustinis, Augustin de .
i
33
Bagaley, Wilham
i
389
Anthony, John
i
185
Bagge, Charles Elsde
Q . ii
324
Arbuthnot, John
ii
27
Bailey, George
ii
69
Archer, Edward
ii
182
Baillie, Matthew .
ii
402
Argall, Samuel
i
334
Bain, Andrew .
. iii
116
Argent, John .
. i
112
Bainbridge, John
i
175
406
INDEX OF NAMES.
VOL.
PAGE
VOL,
Bainbrigg, Thomas
ii
83
Batty, Robert .
iii
Baines, Sir Thomas .
i
301
Bayford, David
ii
Bale, Charles .
ii
68
Bayles, James .
ii
BaUe, Peter .
i
335
Bayley, Walter
i
^Baker, Sir George
ii
213
Baylies, William
ii
Baker, William
. iii
279
Baynard, Edward .
i
Bamber, John .
ii
107
Bciile, John
ii
Bancks, Clement
. iii
130
Beare, George .
i
Bancroft, Edward N
. iii
31
Beatty, Sir William .
iii
Banister, John
i
104
Beauford, John
ii
Bankes, Robert
ii
134
Beauvoir, Gabriel de
i
Bankhead, Charles .
. iii
54
Bedford, WilHam .
ii
Banyer, Henry
ii
131
Beech, Andrew
i
Banyer, Lawrence
ii
20
Beirman, Arnold Boot
ii
Barber, Gabriel
i
398
Bell, Edward .
i
Barbon, Nicholas
i
345
Bellamy, George
iii
Barclay, James Eobe
rtson ii
371
Bellinger, Francis .
ii
Barham, Thomas Fo
ster . iii
243
Bennet, Christopher
i
Barker, John .
ii.
158
Bentley, Thomas
i
Barker, Robert
. iii
56
Berger, John Francis
iii
Barksdale, Francis
i
275
Bernard, Francis
i
Baronsdale, William
i
71
Bernard, William Rhodes
iii
Barrow, William
. iii
160
Beton, David .
i
Barrowby, William
ii
61
Betts, Edward
i
Barry, Sir David
. iii
214
Betts, John
i
Barry, Sir Edward
ii
238
Bidgood, John
i
Bartholomew, John
i
25
Bille, Thomas .
i
Bartlet, Nathaniel
i
438
Billers, Wilham
i
Bartlett, James
, iii
278
Billing, Archibald .
iii
Bartlett, Nathaniel
ii
37
Binns, Jonathan
ii
Bartlot, Richard
i
23
Birch, John
. ii
Barton, James
ii
444
Bird, Thomas .
i
Barwick, Peter
. i
352
Birkbeck, George .
iii
Buskerville, Sir Simo
n . i
158
Bishop, John .
ii
Bastwick, John
. i
189
Black, Adam .
iii
Bate, George .
i
228
Black, James .
. iii
Bateman, John
i
435
Black, William
. ii
Bateman, Thomas
, iii
19
Blackall, John .
iii
Bathurst, John
i
222
Blackburne, Richard
i
Bathurst, Thomas
i
305
Blackburne, William
ii
Batt, John Thomas
. ii
167
Blackmore, Sir Richard
. i
Battle, William
ii
139
Blair, Thomas .
ii
INDEX OF NAMES.
407
I
VOL.
Blakey, Henry .
ii
Bland, Eobert .
ii
Blane, Sir GHbert
ii
Blanshard, Wilkinsoi
a . ii
Blegborough, Henry
. iii
Blegborough, Ealpii
. iii
Blondell, James Aug
ustus ii
Blundell, James
i, vii ; iii
Bljsse, John .
i
Bodenham, Edward
ii
Boet, G-erard .
. i
Bond, Joseph .
i
Bone, Hugh
. iii
Booth, John .
. iii
Bosanquet, Benjamii
1 . ii
Bostock, Charles
i
Bostock, John
ii
Botterel, Thomas
: i
Botterell, Thomas
. i
Bouchier, Ealph
ii
Bourne, Henry
i
Bourne, Eobert
. ii
Bowdler, Thomas
ii
Bowie, G-eorge
i
Bowles, Henry
ii
Bowne, Peter .
i
Boyton, William ]
Mont-
gomery
. iii
Bradley, Thomas
ii
Brady, Eobert .
i
Branthwait, John
ii
Bredwell, Stephen
i
Bree, Eobert .
. iii
Bree, Thomas .
i
Bree, Thomas .
. iii
Bridges, Daniel
ii
Briggs, William
i
Bright, John .
. iii
Bright, Eichard
. iii
Bright, WilUam
i
Brickenden, John
. ii
Brinley, Nicholas
ii
PAGE
•76
365
325
240
254
28
34
180
30
14
243
422
136
79
149
234
286
388
480
90
478
401
324
332
445
177
203
419
418
6
107
49
433
55
277
424
79
155
337
241
95
VOL.
PAGB
Brinsley, Eobert
i
315
Brisbane, John
. ii
274
Brock, Francis
i
268
Brocklesby, Eichard
ii
201
Bromet, William
. iii
91
Bromfield, Eobert
ii
276
Brooke, Humphrey
i
368
Brooke, Humphrey
ii
1
Brooke, Jonathan
. ii
118
Brooke, Thomas
. ii
258
Broom, Philip .
i
276
Brouuart, John
i
175
Brown, Charles
ii
234
Brown, Charles
ii
346
Brown, Joseph
. iii
284
Brown, Eichard
. i
390
Brown, Eichard
ii
461
Brown, Simon .
ii
1
Brown, Thomas
. iii
89
Brownf-Edward '
i
372
Browne, Edward
ii
81
Browne, Galen .
i
197
Browne, Lancelot
i
86
Browne, Thomas
i
274
Browne, Thomas
i
306
Browne, Thomas
ii
18
Browne, Sir Thomas
i
321
Browne, Sir William
ii
95
Browning, Wilham
ii
38
Broxolme, Noel
ii
89
Bruce, David .
i
297
Buck, John
i
433
Buchan, Alexander I
*eter . iii
5
Buchan, James ,
ii
446
Budd, Eichard.
ii
311
Bulkeley, Jokn
i
430
Burder, Thomas Hai
rrison iii
269
B urges, John .
ii
306
Burgess, John .
i
32
Burgess, John .
i
216
Burgess, Ynyr .
. iii
282
Burne, John .
. iii
278
408
INDEX OF NAMES.
VOL.
PAGE
VOL.
Burnett, Alexander .
i
334
Caverhill, John
ii
Burnett, WiUiam .
i
410
Celerius, Daniel
i
Burnett, Sir William
iii
307
Chamberlen, Hugh .
i
Burrows, Q-eorge Man
iii
290
Chamberlen, Peter .
i
Burton, Simon .
ii
119
Chambers, WiUiam .
ii
Burwell, Thomas
i
315
Chambers, WiU. Frederic .
iii
Burwell, Thomas, junior
i
377
Chambre, John
i
Butler, James .
i
475
Champion, Thomas .
i
Butler, Nicholas
i
409
Chandler, Benjamin.
ii
Butt, Jeremiah
i
401
Chapman, John
ii
Butter, William
ii
360
Chapman, Samuel .
ii
Butts, Sir William .
i
29
Charles, John .
i
Buxton, Greorge
ii
360
Charles, John .
i
Buxton, Isaac .
iii
24
Charleton, Walter .
Chase, Stephen
ii
Cade, Salisbury
i
510
Chauncey, Charles .
ii
Cadogan, William .
ii
221
Chauncey, Ichabod .
i
Cadyman, John
i
228
Chauncey, Isaac
i
Cadyman, Sir Thomas
i
199
Chauncy, Eobert
i
Caius, John
i
37
Chermside, Sir Eobt. Alex
iii
Caldwell, Kichard .
i
59
Cheston, James
ii
Callow, CorneUus
i
473
Cliolmeley, Henry James
iii
Calvert, John WiUiam .
iii
288
Chisholm, Eobert .
iii
Calrert, Eobert
iii
38
Christie, Thomas
iii
Campbell, Edward .
iii
55
Christopherson, [John]
i
Campbell, James
ii
88
Clamp, Eichard
i
Campbell, John
i
519
Clark, Abel .
i
Canyane, Peter
ii
158
Clark, Sir James
iii
Carnegie, John
iii
166
Clark, John
i
Carpenter, Thos. Coulson .
iii
118
Clark, William.
ii
Carr, John
i
359
Clark, William.
iii
Carr, Eichard .
i
470
Clarke, Edward Q-oodman
ii
Carslake, Abraham .
ii
26
Clarke, James .
. i
Carte, John
i
368
Clarke, James .
iii
Carter, Harry William
iii
301
Clarke, John .
i
Carter, Nicholas
i
343
Clarke, John, junior .
i
Cartledge, John
ii
37
Clarke, John .
ii
Castle, John
i
401
Clarke, Matthew
ii
Castro, Miguel Caetano dc
' iii
135
Clarke, Thomas
. i
Catcher, Richard
i
218
Clarke, Timothy
. i
Caulet, John Gideon
ii
338
Clarkson, William .
i
Cavendish, Henry .
. i
348
Claypool, John
. i
INDEX OF NAMES.
409
VOL.
PAGE
VOL.
PAGE
Clement, John .
i
25
Conquest, John Tricker .
iii
204
Clement, William
i
146
Considen, Dennis
iii
100
Clements, Henry
iii
116
Conway, William
i
122
Clench, Andrew
i
419
Conyers, Richard
ii
172
Clephane, John
ii
180
Conyers, William
i
274
Clerk, Josiah .
i
379
Coo, Abner
i
269
Clerk, Thomas .
ii
325
Cook, John
i
438
Clerke, Henry .
i
358
Cooke, James .
i
357
Clerke, John .
ii
204
Cooke, John
iii
53
Cleverley, Samuel .
iii
141
Cooper, Christopher.
iii
68
Clifton, Francis
ii
115
Cooper, Edmund
i
267
Clobery, Eobert G-lynn .
ii
247
Cooper, Edward
i
348
Clough, James .
iii
91
Cooper, John .
ii
364
Clores, Jeremiah G-ladwin
iii
241
Cooper, William
ii
285
Clutterbuck, Henry .
iii
14
Cope, Joseph .
iii
116
Coatesworth, Caleb .
i
478
Copland, James
iii
218
Coatsworth, Edward
ii
38
Corembek, Martin
i
55
Cobb, Frederic .
iii
265
Cornish, WilUam
i
438
Cockburn, William .
i
507
Corsellis, James
. i
344
Cogan, Thomas
i
366
Cosens, ;^lzechiah
i
194
Colbatch, Sir John .
i
517
Cotes, Charles .
ii
137
Coldwell, Greorge
i
58
Coughen, John.
i
366
Cole, Josiah
ii
265
Coulthurst, Tempest
iii
58
Cole, William .
i
509
Cour, Philip de la
ii
178
Colebrook, G-eorge .
ii
10
Coward, William
i
512
Coles, Thomas .
i
4^5
Cowie, Matthew Bry
die
. iii
106
Coleston, Joseph
i
331
Cox, Daniel
. ii
171
Colladon, Sir John .
i
321
Cox, Nehemiah
i
475
CoUadon, Sir Theodore
i
451
Cox, Thomas .
. iii
295
Collet, John .
ii
129
Coxe, Daniel .
i
409
CoUier, Abel .
i
357
Coxe, Thomas .
i
217
ColHns, John .
i
158
Coxe, William .
ii
166
Collins, Samuel
i
264
Coysh, Ehsha .
i
367
ColUns, Samuel, junior
i
355
Craige, John- .
i
116
Colmer, Humphrey .
ii
40
Craige, John, junior
i
170
Comarque, Eenald .
ii
137
Cranmer [ ]
ii
39
Combe, Charles
ii
337
Crawford, Adair
ii
339
Coningham, John .
ii
112
Crawford, Stewart
ii
447
Connel, Michael
ii.
145
Crawley, Robert
i
274
Connor, Bernard 0' .
i
514
Cresswell, John
ii
129
Conny, Robert .
i
497
Crichton, Sir Alexander
ii
416
Conquest, Charles
i
470
Crichton, John
•
. i
512
410
INDEX OF NAMES.
Cromer, Walter
Crooke, Charles
Crooke, Helkiah
Croone, William
Crose, William
Crow, Thomas .
Croydon, Thomas
Crull, Jodocus .
Crynes, Edmund
Camming, George .
Cunha, Joseph Da .
Currey, George Q-ilbert
Curry, James ...
Curtis, Thomas
Cyprianus, Abraham
Dacres, Arthur
Dale, Robert
Dale, Thomas .
Dalmariis, Csesar^
Dalton, Robert.
Daniel, Samuel.
Dansey, WiUiam
Daquet, Peter .
Darell, Nicholas
Dargent, James
Darling, George
Darnelly, Richard
Daubeny, Chas. G. Bridle
Daun, Robert .
Davies, Dayid .
Davies, Henry .
Davies, Thomas
Davies, Thomas
Davis, David D.
Davis, John Bunnell
Davis, John Ford
Davison, John .
Davison, Thomas
Davys, Nicholas
Dawes, William
Dawkins, William
VOL.
i
i
i
i
ii
ii
i
i
ii
iii
iii
iii
iii
i
i
i
i
ii
i
i
ii
iii
i
i
ii
iii
i
iii
iii
iii
iii
i
iii
iii
iii
iii
ii
i
i
i
PAGE
31
303
177
369
58
23
280
497
154
105
119
26
2
481
619
354
314
362
53
59
309
179
56
398
181
205
434
254
119
151
279
107
289
117
95
67
165
496
348
436
422
Dawson, Ambrose .
Dawson, Edward
Dawson, Thomas
Dawson, Thomas
Dcane, WiUiam Godfrey
Deantry, Edward
Deighton, John
De la Cour, Philip .
De la Rive, Gaspard Chas
Delaune, Paul .
Delaune, William .
De Leon, Hananel .
De Leon, Solomon .
Denman, Thomas
Dennis, Isaac .
Dennison, Richard .
Dennison, Richard Byam ,
Dent, George . ,
Denton, WiUiam
Descherny, David
Devis, Edmund
Dew, George .
Dew, Richard .
Dey, Joseph
Dick, Paris Thomas .
Dicker, Michael Lee .
Dickinson, Edmund .
Dickson, Sir David
Hamilton
Dickson, Thomas
Didier, Andrew
Dimsdale, Thomas .
Dimsdale, WUham Pitts
Diodati, John .
Diodati, Theodore .
Diodati, Theodore .
Disbrowe, James
Dixon, Jarvis .
Dobson, Sir Richard
Dod, Peirce ;
Dodding, Edward .
Domeier, WUliam .
VOL.
ii
INDEX OF NAMES.
411
VOL.
PAGE
VOL.
PAGE
Domingo, Jacob
i
123
Eedes, Francis .
i
396
Don, James
iii
300
i
475
Donahoo, Thomas .
iii
130
Elderton, James
ii
86
Donatus, Mauritius .
i
35
Elkin, .
i
189
Donnell, James Mc .
iii
309
Elliot, Sir John
ii
239
Dorchester, The Marquis c
)f i
281
Elliot, Philip .
ii
444
Doubleday, Nicholson
ii
283
Elliotson, John
iii
258
Douce, Francis
ii
130
Elliott, John .
i
474
Douglas, Sir Alexander
ii
460
Elwin, Edward,
i
122
Douglas, Andrew-
ii
308
Emerson, Alexander Lyon
iii
19
Douglas, James
ii
77
Emily, Edward
i
244
Dougle, James Mc .
iii
61
Encolius, Nicolas
. i
24
Dover, Thomas ,
ii
79
English, Sir John Hawkei
• iii
276
Dowler, Thomas
iii
300
Ent, Sir George
i
223
Downes, John
i
369
Erly, John
iii
97
D'Oylie, Thomas .
i
95
Esteve, Samuel
ii
19
Drake, James .
ii
15
Etwall, John ,
i
477
Drake, Eogey . . .
i
239
Evelin, Sidney .
ii
265
Draper, John .
i
170
Eyre, John
iii
56
Drever, Thomas
iii
114
Eyre (WUHam)
i
178
Drury, Francis
i
266
Dufray, John .
i
478
Faber, Richard
. iii
65
Duke, Edward .
i
336
Falconer, WilHam .
ii
278
Dumoulin, Lewis
i
227
Farmery, John.
i
96
Duncan, John .
iii
32
Farquhar, Sir Walter
ii
461
Duncan, Sir WiUiam
ii
211
Farr, William .
ii
228
Dunne, Thomas
iii
119
Farre, John Richard
iii
33
Dunne, WilUam
i
102
Faulkner, Sir A. Brooke
iii
58
Dunning, Henry
i
518
Feak, John
i
389
Duval, Francis Philip
ii
178
Feake, Charles .
ii
158
D wight, Samuel
ii
117
Fearon, Devey .
ii
469
Dwyer, John George
iii
94
Fellowes, Sir James
iii
24
Dynham, Edward .
i
228
Fenton, .
Ferguson, Robert
i
iii
188
295
Eaton, John
ii
129
Ferris, Samuel .
ii
358
Eaton, Joseph .
ii
38
Field, Richard .
i
446
Eden, Ralph .
iii
118
Fielding, Robert
i
346
Edgeworth, Henry .
iii
69
Figg, James
ii
94
Edmond, Joseph
i
388
Filkin, Thomas
iii
283
Edmonds, Samuel Gumej
ii
415
Finch, Sir John .
i
298
Edwards, Richard .
i
308
Fincke, Thomas
i
29
Edwards, Richard .
iii
11
Firmin, Nathaniel
i
389
412
INDEX OF NAMES.
VOL.
PAGE
VOL
Fisher, John .
i
347
Freake, John Edward
. iii
Fitton, William Henry
. iii
154
Freeman, WiUiam .
Flaerton, John
ii
1
Freer, Robert .
Fleniing, Q-eorge
i
502
Freind, John .
Flud, WiUiam
i
148
Frier, John
Fludd, Eobert .
i
150
Frost, Edmund
Fludd, Thomas
. i
107
Fryer, Thomas.
I'ogarty, WiUiam
. i
337
Fryer, Edward
Foley, John
. iii
115
Fryer, John
Fontaine, James Francis de
Fuller, Thomas
la.
ii
269
FuUerton, WiUia.m .
Forbes, SirChas. Ferguson
L iii
129
Fullwood, WiUiam .
Ford, James .
ii
257
Furnivall, John James
Ford, James, junior
ii
323
Ford, John
ii
272
Gairdner, William .
iii
Pord, John
ii
413
Galley, Thomas
ii
Fordyce, George
ii
373
Galloway, John
1
Fordyce, John .
ii
212
Ganton, Robert
i
Fordyce, Sir William
ii
359
Gardiner, John
ii
Forster, Richard
i
74
Garencieres, TheophUus
i
Fortescue, Nicholas .
i
351
Garnett, Thomas
iii
Fothergill, Anthony.
ii
322
Garrett, John .
i
Fothergill, John
ii
154
Garth, Sir Samuel .
i
Fothergill, Samuel .
iii
28
Garthshore, MaxweU
ii
Fowke, Phineas
i
417
Gasking, James
iii
Fowle, Wnham
ii
444
Gay, Wniiam .
i
Fowler, Richard
ii
447
Gaylard, Joseph
i
Fox, Edward Long .
ii
376
Gelsthorp, Edward .
i
Fox, John
ii
331
Gelsthorp, Peter
i
Fox, Joseph
ii
390
Gerard, Peter .
i
Fox, Simeon .
i
147
Geynes, John .
i
Fox, Thomas .
i
184
Gibbes, Sir George Smith
iii
Fraiser, Charles
i
432
Gibbons, Richard .
i
Fraizer, Sir Alexander
i
232
Gibbons, WiUiam .
i
Frampton, Algernon
ii
464
Gibbs, John .
iii
Framton, Heathfield T, .
iii
211
Gibson, Thomas
i
Francis, John .
i
22
Giffard, John .
i
Francis, Thomas
i
61
Giffard, Roger .
i
Franck, James .
iii
11
Gifford, Thomas
i
Francklin, Richard .
i
306
Gilbert, Ralph .
ii
Frankland, Thomas .
i
382
Gilbert, William
i
Eraser, William Mackinen
ii
358
Gilbourne, Thomas .
i
INDEX OF NAMES.
413
VOL.
PAGE
VOL. PAGE
Grill, Thomas .
1
437
Gregory, George
. iii 152
Gillan, Hugli .
ii
444
Greive, James .
. ii 297
Gilling, Isaac .
ii
88
Grent, Thomas
. i 184
Grisborne, Thomas .
ii
227
Grew, Nehemiah
. i 406
Glanvill, John .
ii
131
Grey, Sir Thomas ,
iii 114
Grlisson, Francis
i
218
Grier, David .
. i 479
Grlisson, Henry
i
343
Grieve, John .
ii 360
G-loyer, John .
i
345
Griffith, John .
i 359
Grlynn, Eobert
ii
247
Griffith, Moses .
ii 164
Groddard, Jonathan .
i
240
Griffith, Eichard .
i 470
aoddard, WilHam .
i
216
Griffiths, Andrew .
i 424
G-oldie, G-eorge
iii
100
Grigor, Sir James Mc
iii 309
Golding, Benjamin .
iii
309
Grimbalston, William
ii 21
Groldwyer, John
iii
247
Groenveldt, John .
i 429
Gooch, Robert .
iii
100
Groombridge, John .
i 518
Gooch, Thomas
i
115
Grosvenor, Wilham .
li 290
Good, James .
i
58
Grynder, Eobert
i 347
Good, John Mason .
iii
248
Guersie, Balthasar .
i 57
Goodall, Charles
i
402
Guffog, Samuel Mc .
iii 129
Goodman, Henry
i
314
Guide, Philip .
i 429
Gordon, James Alexander
iii
232
Garden, Sir John
i 473
Gordon, Sir John
i
473
Gwinne, Matthew .
i 118
Gordon, Theodore .
iii
130
Gwyn, Thomas
i 31
Gordon, William
iii
51
Gorman, John
ii
37
Hacker, Francis
i 437
Gould, William
i
495
Hadley, John .
ii 259
Gouldsmith, Jonathan
ii
94
Hale, Eichard .
ii 48
Goulston, Theodore
i
157
Hales, John
i 277
Gourdan, Aaron
i
328
Halford, Sir Henry .
ii 427
Gourdon, Dennis
i
348
Hall, Abraham
ii 126
Gower, Charles
ii
470
Hall, George .
iii 275
Grainger, James
ii
219
Hall, Julian Gartner
ii 365
Granger, Frederic .
iii
213
Hall, Stephen .
ii 25
Grant, WiUiam
ii
256
Hall, Thomas .
i 87
Granville, Augustus Bozzi
iii
174
HaUet, Wilham
ii 57
Graves, Eobert
ii
460
HalUday, Sir Andrew
iii 211
Gray, Edward Whitaker
ii
298
Hallifax, Eobert
ii 336
Gray, Eobert .
i
454
Halsey, Wilham
i 307
Gray, Thomas .
iii
69
Halsewell, Nicholas .
i 22
Greaves, Sir Edward
i
277
Halson, John .
i 421
Green, John .
ii
148
Hamey, Baldwin
i 153
Green, John .
ii
275
Harney, Baldwin, junior
i 207
414
INDEX OF NAMES.
VOL.
PAGE
VOL
Hamilton, Sir David
ii
12
Heathcot, Gilbert .
ii
Hamilton, Eobert .
ii
4i3
Heberden, WilUam .
ii
Hamilton, William .
ii
366
Heberden, Wilham, junio
r ii
Hamman, John
. ii
366
Heineken, Herman .
ii
Hammond, John
i
147
Hemming, John
ii
Hammond, Edmund
i
518
Henderson, Alexander
. iii
Hancock, Thomas .
. iii
78
Henderson, Robert .
ii
Hannath, John
. iii
309
Hepburn, Patrick .
ii
Harding, Edward .
i
302
Herdman, John
. iii
Hardisway, Peter
ii
68
Herring, Francis
i
Hardy, Charles Henry
. iii
195
Hervey, James .
ii
Harington, Henry .
. iii
299
Hewes, Edward
. i
Harper, John .
i
509
Hewett, Cornwallis .
. iii
Harrell, Christian .
i
452
Heywood, Walter Charles
iii
Harris, G-eorge
ii
92
Hickes, Ralph .
. i
Harris, Richard
i
342
Hicks, George .
ii
Harris, Walter
i
423
Hill, Caleb ...
ii
Harrison, John
i
460
Hill, John
i
Harrison, Lancelot .
i
347
Hill, John
ii
Harrison, Lancelot, junior
i
474
Hinckley, Henry
ii
Harrison, Richard .
iii
120
Hincklow, Henry
i
Hart, Henry .
iii
280
Hinds, John .
iii
Harvey, Gideon
ii
10
Hinton, Sir John
i
Harvey, William
i
124
Hispanus, Petrus
i
Harwood, Thomas .
ii
110
Hoadley, Benjamin .
ii
Haslam, Hugh
i
223
Hoare, William
i
Haslam, John .
iii
282
Hobbs, Thomas
i
Havers, Clopton
i
477
Hodges, Nathaniel .
i
Havesius, William .
i
331
Hodgson, Thomas .
ii
Haviland, John
iii
183
Hodgson, Eleazer
i
Hawes, William
i
331
Hody, Edward
ii
Hawkins, Francis i, vii
; iii
286
Holland, Richard .
ii
Hawkins, Francis Bisset .
iii
303
Holland, Samuel
ii
Hawley, James
ii
144
Holland, Sir Henry .
iii
Hawley, Richard
i
201
Hollings, John .
ii
Haworth, James
iii
11
Holman, James
ii
Haworth, Samuel
i
416
Holsteine, Daniel
i
HawyB, John .
i
496
Holt,
i
Hay, Alexander
ii
280
Home, Francis
iii
Hayes, Sir John Macnaman
I ii
364
Hood, Thomas.
i
Healde, Thomas
ii
231
Hooke, Peter .
ii
Hearne, Thomas
i
123
Hooke, Peter .
ii
INDEX OF NAMES.
415
VOL.
PAGE
VOL.
PAGE
Hooper, Koberfc
iii
29
James, Pinkstan
ii
466
Hopkinson, Wm. Landen
iii
285
James, Robert .
ii
269
Hopwood, Robert .
ii
132
Jameson, Thomas .
i
360
Horseman, Oliver .
i
494
Jameson, Thomas .
iii
4
HorBman, Samuel
ii
135
Jebb, John . .
ii
309
How, G-eorge . .
i
453
Jebb, Sir Richard .
ii
291
Howell, John .
i
53
Jebb, Samuel .
ii
176
Howorth, Theophilus
i
303
Jeesop, Joseph .
i
114
Hoy, Thomas .
i
503
Jeesop, Thomas
i
74
Huck, Richard
ii
346
Jernegham, Charles .
ii
67
Hue, Clement .
iii
65
Jewett, John .
i
295
Huicke, Robert
i
32
Jodrell, Sir Paul
ii
378
Hull, John
iii
195
Johnson, Christopher
i
76
Hull, Peter .
i
478
Johnson, James
iii
238
Hulme, Nathaniel .
ii
298
Johnson^ James Proud
iii
128
Hulse, Edward
i
397
Johnson, John Noble
iii
136
Hulse, Sir Edward .
ii
62
Johnson, Samuel
ii
139
Hume, Jolin Robert.
iii
212
Johnston, Nathaniel
i
453
Hume, Thomas
iii
63
Johnston, Pelham .
ii
126
Hungerford, John .
i
473
Johnstone, John
iii
22
Hunt, Stephen
i
503
Johnstone, William
i
435
Hunter, John ,
. ii
425
Jollie, Samuel .
i
426
Hunter, William
ii
205
Jolly, Samuel .
i
405
Hurlock, Joseph
iii
192
Jones, Edward
i
410
Hussey, William
ii
86
Jones, Edwin Oodden
iii
70
Hutton, Addison
ii
138
Jones, James Cove .
. iii
247
Hutton, John .
i
481
Jones, John
i
476
Huys, Thomas .
i
49
Jones, George Haines
. iii
265
Hyll, Alban .
i
51
Jones, Richard
ii
189
Jones, Thomas
. iii
92
Inglet, Richard
i
298
Jordan, Edward
. i
113
Irvine, William
iii
37
JoylifPe, George
i
280
Irving, Samuel.
iii
29
Jurin, James .
ii
64
Jackson, Elihu .
i
510
Karr, Thomas .
. ii
350
Jackson, Rowland .
ii
276
Keay, John
ii
283
Jackson, Sequin Henry
ii
321
Keddle, Samuel Sharing
. iii
281
Jackson, William
i
272
Keir, William .
ii
325
Jacob, Robert .
i
88
Keith, James .
ii
18
James, John
i
87
Kelley, George .
ii
150
James, John .
i
415
Kelly, Christopher .
ii
222
James, John Boote .
iii
299
Kennedy, Hugh Alexander
ii
268
416
INDEX OF NAMES.
VOL.
PAGE
VOL.
Kenny, Matthias
. iii
195
Lansdale, William .
ii
Kentish, Eichard
ii
413
Latham, John .
ii
Kenyon, Eoger
ii
13
Latham, Peter Mere
iii
Kerrison, Eobert Masters
iii
229
Laune, Paul de
i
Kettle, William
iii
173
Laune, William de .
i
Kidd, John
iii
178
Laurence, Thomas .
i
King, Sir Edmund .
. i
448
Lavington, Andrew .
ii
King, John
i
246
Lawlor, Alexander .
iii
King, Thomas .
i
336
Lawrence, Anthony .
i
King, William .
iii
226
Lawrence, Thomas .
ii
Kippen, Andrew
i
221
Lawson, John .
i
Kirkaldie, Q-eorge .
ii
392
Lawson, John .
ii
Kirle, Thomas .
i
297
Layard, Daniel Peter
ii
Knight, John .
i
388
Leake, John .
ii
Knight, Thomas
ii
110
Leath, John G-ogill .
iii
Knighton, Sir WiUiam
iii
39
Lee, Francis
ii
Knowles, Thomas .
ii
342
Lee, Henry
iii
Knox, Robert .
ii
365
Lee, John
ii
Kooystra, John
ii
303
Lee, Matthew .
ii
Krohn, Henry .
ii
302
Lee, Robert
iii
Kynaston, Edward .
ii
82
Le Feure, Joshua
i
Kynch, John .
ii
39
Lefevre, Sir George .
Le Fevre, Sebastian .
iii
i
T/a.cv, John
ii
21
Le Fevre, Sebastian .
ii
T/Rdds, James .
ii
21
Le Fevre, Sebastian Gom
Laffan, Sir Joseph dc
bault .
i
Courcy
iii
70
Leigh, Thomas .
ii
Laird, James .
iii
32
Leith, Theodore Forbes
ii
Lake, Thomas .
i
100
Leman, Robert
i
Lamb, Greorge .
ii
26
Lempriere, Nicholas .
i
Lambe, William
iii
17
Lenthal], Thomas
i
Lambert, Edmund .
iii
284
Leon, Hananel de .
iii
T/Rmont, George
ii
178
Letherland, Joseph. .
ii
Lampert, John Frederic
iii
46
Lettsom, John Coakley
ii
Lamy, Nicholas
i
239
Leverett, WilHam .
i
Lane, Josiah .
i
306
Levett, Henry
ii
T/fl,ng, Zurishaddeus .
i
317
Lewis, David .
iii
Langdon, Michael .
i
396
Lewis, Thomas
ii
Langham, Sir William
i
332
Ley, Hugh
iii
Langrish, Browne .
ii
130
Lidderdale, Halliday
iii
Langton, Christopher
i
51
Linacre, Thomas
i
Langton, Thomas
i
82
Lister, Edward
i
INDEX OF NAMES.
417
I
VOL.
PAGE
VOL.
PAGE
Lister, Martin ,
i
442
Magrath, Sir George
4 iii
254
Lister, Sir Matthew .
. i
123
Man, Thomas .
i
344
Lister, William
ii
329
Manlow, Timotiiy .
i
509
Littlehales, Charles .
. iii
97
Manning, John
. ii
212
Littlehales, John
. ii
372
Manningham, Sir Richarc
ii
75
Livermore, .
i
405
Manningham, Thomis
ii
267
Llewellyn, Martin .
i
293
Mansliip, John
i
308
Lloyd, Robert .
. iii
193
Marbeck, Roger
i
75
Lobb, Theophilus
ii
146
Marcet, Alexander J. G.
ii
466
Lock, George, .
ii
77
Margetson, Thomas .
i
280
Lockyer, Edmund .
. iii
74
Marshall, Andrew .
ii
389
Locock, Sir Charles .
. iii
270
MarshaU, Thomas .
i
402
Lodge, Thomas
i
155
Marshall, Thomas .
i
368
Lopus (Roderigo)
i
69
Marshall, William .
i
358
Lovell, Thomas
ii
79
Marshe, John .
i
158
Lowder, William
ii
362
Martel, Lawrence .
ii
109
Lower, Richard
i
379
Martin, William
ii
110
Luard, Peter Francis
iii
247
Martyn, John .
i
428
Lucas, Charles .
ii
223
Mason, William
iii
90
Ludford, Simon
i
64
Massey, Richd. Middleton
ii
93
Luke, John
i
63
Master, John .
i
410
Luke, Stephen .
iii
131
Master, Richard
i
52
Luxmore, Henry
ii
463
Mather, John .
ii
271
Maton, William George .
iii
6
Macarthur, Duncan .
iii
180
Matthews, John
ii
332
Macaulay, Greorge .
ii
381
Matthews, JohnBerggreen
iii
283
Maccolo, John .
i
179
Maty, Matthew
ii
265
Macdonald, James .
ii
149
Maucleer, Joseph
i
480
Mackintosh, Richd. Duncar
1 iii
43
Maundy, WiUiam
ii
1
Ma(;kenzie, Charles .
iii
89
Mawe, Nicholas
i
216
Mackenzie, John McDowell
iii
115
May, William .
ii
383
Mackenzie, Patrick .
iii
S9
Mayerne, Sir Theodore de
i
163
Mackinnon, Donald .
iii
92
Maynard, William Mushel
ii
129
Maclaurin, Jas. Chichester
ii
392
Mayo, John
ii
395
Macleod, John .
iii
78
Mayo, Paggen William .
ii
455
Macleod, Roderick .
iii
243
Mayo, Thomas .
iii
200
MacmuUin, John
iii
62
McDonnell, James .
iii
309
Macmichacl, William
iii
182
McDouglc, James .
iii
61
Macneven, William James
ii
369
McGrigor, Sir James
iii
309
Macqueen, Columbus
ii
446
McG uffog, Samuel .
iii
129
Macullock, John
iii
66
McWhirter, Thomas
iii
88
Maddocks, James
ii
287
Mead, Richard .
ii
40
VOL. III.
2 ]
!•:
418
INDEX OF NAMES.
VOL
PAGE
VOL.
Mead, Yernpu .
ii
69
More, Thomas .
i
Meara, Edmund .
i
337
Morelli, Henry
i
Mendez, Ferdinando
i
471
Moresse, N. . . .
i
Merrett, Christopher
i
258
Morewood, Greorge Alexr.
iii
Meryon, Charles Lewis
iii
234
Morgan, John .
ii
Metcalfe, Adrian
i
255
Morgan, Sir Thomas Chas
iii
Meverell, Andrew .
i
332
Morison, Sir Alexander .
iii
Meverall, Othowell .
i
172
Morley, Christopher Love
i
Meyer, John .
ii
342
Morley, Matthew
ii
Micklethwaite, Sir John .
i
237
Morris, Claver .
i
Midgley, Kobert
i
476
Morris, G-eorge Paulet
ii
Mikles, Samuel
ii
165
Morris, Michael
ii
Miller, Christopher .
i
89
Morris, Samuel
i
Miller, Patrick.
iii
52
Mortimer, Cromwell
ii
Milligan, William .
iii
300
Morton, Charles
ii
Millington, Sir Thomas
i
363
Morton, Charles
i
Mills, Walter .
i
317
Morton, Edward
iii
Mills, Walter .
i
426
Morton, Richard
i
Milman, Sir Francis .
ii
316
Morton, Richard
ii
Milne, .
i
485
Moseley, Benjamin .
ii
Milner, Charles
ii
197
Moulin, Lewis du
i
Milner, Thomas
ii
229
Moundeford, Thomas
i
Milward, Edward .
ii
166
Mountford, John
ii
Misaubin, John
ii
67
Muffett, Thomas
i
Mitchell, Joseph
iii
144
Muller, John ,
ii
Moesler, Adam
i
193
Mullins, James
i
Moesler, John Christophei
i
343
Mulsher, WiUiam .
. i
Moffat, Thomas
ii
472
Munckley, Nicholas .
ii
Mogg, Charles .
iii
222
Murray, John Roger
ii
Moleyns, James
i
193
Murray, Thomas Archibald
, iii
Mohns, Lewis .
i
227
Musgrave, Samuel .
ii
Monro, Donald
ii
293
Musgrave, William .
i
Monro, Edward Thomas
iii
153
Mushet, William
ii
Monro, James .
ii
113
Muttlebury, James .
iii
Monro, John .
ii
183
Myddelton, Henry .
ii
Monro, Thomas
ii
414
Myers, Joseph Hart .
ii
Monsey, Messenger .
ii
84
Mytton, Devereux .
ii
Montague, John Duke of
ii
58
Moore, John .
i
174
Napier, John .
ii
Moore, Thomas
. iii
169
Napier, Sir Richard .
. i
Moore, William
ii
424
Napier, Robert.
i
Moore, William
. iii
153
Nasmyth, Robert
ii
INDEX OF NAMES.
419
Neale, Adam ,
Needham, Caspar
Needham, Walter .
]Velson, Thomas
I^esbitt, Eobert
Nevill, Herman
Nevinson, Charles Dalstoi
VOL.
. iii
i
. ii
ii
i
1 iii
PAGE
37
357
472
469
112
369
36
Otthen, Hippocrates d'
Outram, Sir Benj. FonsecE
Overend, John .
Owen, G-eorge .
Owen, Hugh .
Oxenbridge, Daniel .
Oyston, James .
VOL,
i
I iii
. iii
i
ii
i
i
PAGE
98
90
306
36
129
193
234
Newington, John
ii
117
Newman, Jeremiah W.
Nicholas, Denton
ii
i
414
516
Packe, Christopher .
Packer, John .
ii
i
83
360
Nicholl, Whitlock .
Nicholls, Frank
iii
ii
149
123
Paddy, Sir William .
Paget, Nathan .
i
i
100
243
Nichols, Charles
i
476
Palmer, Joshua
i
429
Nicholson, John
i
493
Palmer, Eichard
i
110
Nicoll, Henry .
Niliell, Laurence
i
ii
433
376
Palmer, Thomas
Palmer, William
i
i
473
497
Nisbett, Henry
i
266
Paman, Henry
i
446
Nones, Hector .
i
54
Panton, Charles
i
438
Norford, William .
ii
235
Panton, G-eorge Bryan
. iii
285
Norris, Edward
ii
39
Paris, John Ayrton .
iii
120
North, James .
i
485
Park, John Eanicar .
iii
202
Northen, Francis Hicken
iii
96
Parker, William
i
296
Nott, John
ii
397
Parker, WilHam
i
331
Novell, Thomas
i
402
Parratt, Thomas
. ii
116
Nowell, John ,
i
100
Parry, Caleb HHlier .
ii
385
Nugent, Christopher
Nurse, Thomas.
ii
i
268
230
Parry, Charles Henry
Parry, William
iii
ii
45
158
Nuttall, George Eicketts
iii
168
Parsons, Arthur
. i
432
Parsons, James
ii
175
Oade, John
i
292
Parsons, John .
ii
303
Oakes, Edward .
i
303
Pate, Eobert .
ii
182
Ogilvy, George John
Ogle, James Adey .
Ogle, Nicholas .
iii
iii
55
245
518
Pattison, Thomas
Payne, William
Peachi, John .
i
ii
i
154
325
430
Oldfield, John .
ii
116
Pearson, George
ii
343
Oldis, Yalentine
i
415
Pearson, Eichard
ii
391
Oliphant, Laurence .
Oliyer, William
i
i
484
493
Pechey, John .
Pcgge, Sir Christopher .
i
ii
433
U9
Orme, David .
ii
267
Pellet, Stephen
ii
324
O'Eyan, John .
Osborne, William
Osbourne, John
iii
ii
i
45
336
97
Pcllett, Tliomas
Pemberton, Christopher R.
Pennell, Eichard Lewin .
2 E
ii
ii
iii
2
56
450
264
420
INDEX OF NAMES.
VOL. PAGE
VOL.
PAGE
Pennington, Sir Isaac
. ii 320
Pringle, Sir John
ii
252
Penny, Thomas
. i 82
Proctor, Henry .
i
422
Pepys, Sir Lucas ' .
. ii 304
Prout, WiUiam
iii
109
Pepys, Thomas
. i 302
Prujean, Sir Francis
i
185
Percival, Thomas
. i 122
Prujean, Thomas
i
279
Perrot, Richard
. i 360
Pulteney, Eichard .
ii
264
Person, John .
i 34
Purcell, John .
ii
77
Peters, Charles.
ii 143
Pye, Samuel .
ii
117
Petit, John Lewis .
. ii 280
Pett, Samuel .
iii 29
Quartermaine, William .
i
304
Petty, Sir WiUiam .
i 270
Phelan, Joseph
ii 360
EadcHfee, John
i
455
PhiUp, Alexander Philip
Eadcliffe, John
ii
86
Wilson
iii 227
Eainer, Peter .
iii
64
Phillipi, Mark Antony
i 199
Eaitt, Greorge .
ii
171
Pickering, Benjamin
i 272
Eamadge, Francis Hopkins
iii
263
Pierce, Benjamin Cruttell
iii 179
Eamesey, William .
i
303
Pierce, Eobert .
i 479
Eamsey, Alexander .
i
174
Pile, Greorge .
ii 150
Eand, James .
i
406
Pinckard, Greorge
ii , 436
Eand, Samuel .
i
201
Pitcairn, David
ii 353
Eandall, Thomas
i
86
Pitcairn, William .
ii 172
Eaut, WiUiam .
i
217
Pitt, Robert .
i 445
Eaven, John .
i
168
Plenderleath, David .
iii 134
Eawlins, Thomas
i
121
Plenderleath, John .
iii 79
Eawlinson, John
ii
308
Plomer, John .
ii 57
Eaymond, Daniel
i
176
Plumptre, Henry
ii 24
Eayner, John .
ii
32
Plumtre, Eussell
ii 144
Eeadiug, Thomas
i
234
Poe, Leonard .
i 149
Eeeder, Henry
iii
281
Poignand, Louis
ii 390
Eccs, Greorge .
iii
62
Pont, Thomas .
ii 57
Eeeve, Henry .
iii
46
Pope, Gabriel .
i 109
Eeeve, Thomas
ii
133
Porter, Eobert .
ii 118
Eegimorter, Assuerus
i
235
Potter, John .
ii 358
Ebid, John
iii
14
Powell, John .
i 481
Eelhan, Anthony
ii
257
Powell, Eichard
ii 456
Eelph, John .
ii
345
Powell, William
. i 197
Eeynolds, Henry Eevell .
ii
299
Pratt, John .
i 252
Ehamneirus, Martin
i
86
Preest, Eobert .
. i 98
Ehead, Alexander .
i
183
Price, Charles .
iii 25
Eicliardson, Edward
i
307
Primrose, James
. i 197
Eichardson, Henry .
ii
137
Pringlo, John .
. i 307
Eicliardson, John
ii
26
INDEX OF NAMES.
421
VOL.
PAGE
i
VOL.
PACE
Eichardson, Eobert .
. iii
134
Eoupell, George Leith
. iii
293
Eichmond, The Duke of
ii
116
Eowley, WihiRm
. ii
340
Eidgley, Thomas
i
180
Euceo, Julius .
. iii
254
Eidgeway, Thos. Hughes
. iii
283
Eufine, James .
i
393
Eidley, Humphrey .
i
490
Eugeley, Luke .
i
267
Eidley, Mark .
i
106
Eusse, Thomas
. ii
116
Eingall, William . .
i
273
Eussell, Alexander .
ii
230
Eiollay, Francis
ii
357
Eussell, Eichard
ii
149
Eoberts, Charles Julius
. iii
245
Eutty, Wilh'am
ii
74
Eoberts, Edward
ii
426
Ejan, John 0'
. iii
45
Eobertson, James
ii
371
Eobertsou, John
ii
119
Saiasbury, William .
. iii
127
Eobertson, John Stark
ii
390
Saintbarb, WiUiam .
i
270
Eobertson, Eobert .
ii
308
Salemi, Henry .
. iii
136
Eobertson, Eobert .
ii
426
Salmon, Nathaniel .
ii
26
Eobertson, James .
ii
371
Salmon, Peter .
. i
223
Eobertson, William .
ii
358
Sampson, Henry
i
410
Eoberton, James
. iii
89
Samuda, Isaac de Sequeyn
), ii
82
Eobinson, Benjamin
. iii
172
Sanctis, Bartholomew de
. iii
151
Eobinson, John
i
401
Sandeman, George .
ii
362
Robinson, John
. iii
49
Sarmento, Jacob de Castrc
) ii
92
Eobinson, Nicholas .
ii
108
Satterley, Eichard Patricl
c iii
30
Eobinson, Eichard .
. i
442
Saunders, Patrick .
i
178
Eobinson, Eobert Eobinsoi
Saunders, Eichard Huck
ii
346
Watson
. iii
52
Saunders, William .
i
520
Eobinson, Tancred .
i
469
Saunders, William .
. ii
399
Eoches, John James de
iii
35
Savage, Thomas
ii
364
Eoe, G-eorge Hamilton
iii
275
Savorie, Eobert
i
266
Eogers, George
i
163
Sayer, Augustin .
iii
229
Eogers, G-eorge
i
316
Scarburgh, Sir Charles
i
252
Eogers, Samuel
i
519
Schaw, Wilhara
ii
194
Eogerson, John
ii
418
Scheuchzer, John Gaspar.
ii
91
Eoget, Peter Mark .
iii
71
Schomberg, Isaac
ii
295
Eoiston, John .
i
34
Schomberg, Meyer Low .
ii
81
Eolfe, Thomas .
i
493
Scot, William .
ii
420
Eomayne, Nicholas .
ii
446
Scott, Charles .
ii
418
Eomero, Francisco .
iii
143
Scott, Helenus .
f4^
142
Eonalds, Henry
iii
232
Scott, John
iii
200
Eoots, Hy. Shuckburgh
iii
193
Scott, Joseph Nicoll
ii
218
Eose, Philip .
i
485
Scott, Eichard .
i
100
Eoss, David
ii
171
Scudamorc, Sir Cliarles .
iii
127
Eossington, George .
i
514
Seaman, Paul . .
i
314
422
INDEX OF NAMES.
VOL.
PAGE
VOL.
PAGE
Sequira, Isaac Henrique
ii
291
Smith, Robert . .
iii
166
Selin, Daniel ....
i
115
Smith, Thomas
iii
92
Seymour, Edward James
iii
277
Smith, Thomas Southwood
iii
235
Shad well, Sir. John .
ii
37
Smith, William
i
245
Shaw, James. .
iii
24
Smith, Wilham
i
480
Shaw, Joseph .
ii
418
Smyth, James Carpaichael
ii
383
Shaw, Peter
ii
190
Smythe, John .
i
25
Sheaf, Thomas
i
222
Snow, Henry T.
iii
63
Shearman, William .
iii
G2
Soame, Barnham
i
502
Sheppard, John
ii
14
Somers, Edmund
ii
419
Sherard, James
ii
127
Somerville, Henry .
iii
265
Shereman, Kobert .
i
116
SomervLlle, James Craig .
iii
306
Sherewood, Eeuben .
i
98
Somerville, Wilham
iii
168
Sherwen, John. . .
iii
5
Southcott, John
i
292
Short, Eiehard.
i
516
Southey, Henry Herbert .
iii
272
Short, Thomas .
i
377
Sowray, Richard
i
483
Sibbald, Sir Robert .
i
439
Spencer, Samuel
i
484
Silver, William
iii
144
Spicer, Richard
i
183
Silvester, Sir John Baptist
ii
178
Spinowski, Christopher
Simmons, Richard .
iii
94
Crell .
i
428
Simmons, Samuel Foart
ii
318
Sprackling, Robert .
i
306
Sims, Courthope
iii
302
Sprengell, Sir Conrad Joa
-
Sims, James
ii
317
chim
. ii
64
Sims, John
ii
322
Spry, Edmund .
ii
281
Sims, John
iii
196
Spur gin, John .
iii
• 264
Sisterton, Robert .
i
518
Spurzheim, John Graspar .
iii
166
Skeete, Thomas
ii
369
Squire, John .
ii
366
Skey, Joseph .
iii
13
Stack, Richard William
ii
299
Skinner, John .
i
333
Stanes, William
i
231
Skinner, Stephen
i
335
Standish, Ralph
i
56
Slare, Frederick
i
433
Stanger, Christopher
ii
396
Sloane, Sir Hans
i
460
Stanley, Henry
i
247
Smith, Ashby .
iii
230
Stanley, Nicholas
i
338
Smith, Edmund
i
205
Stansby, Henry
i
53
Smith, Greorge .
i
305
Steighertahl, John Q-eorgc
> ii
38
Smith, Henry .
i
158
Stephens, Philip
i
296
Smith, Henry .
iii
143
Stewart, Leonard
iii
305
Smith, Hugh .
ii
241
Stock, John Edmonds
iii
12
Smith, John
i
366
Stokeham, William .
i
447
Smith, Richard (Cantab.)
i
68
Stone, Arthur Daniel
ii
445
Smith, Richard (Oxon.)
i
67
Story, Thomas .
ii
427
Smith, Richard
i
474
Strachie, Robert
i
294
INDEX OF NAMES.
Strotlier, Edward
Strotlier, Edward
Stroud, William
Stubbs, Ralph .
Stubbs, Samuel
Stukeley, William
Stuart, Alexander
Sutherland, Alex. Robert
Sutton, John .
Sutton, Thomas
Sutton, Thomas
Swale, Robert .
Swale, Robert .
Swan, William .
Swinton, Peter .
Sydenham, Thomas
Sydenham, WiUiam
Sylvestre, Peter
Symings, John
Tannor [John] .
Taprell, John .
Tarchill, John .
Tarry, Edward.
Tattersall, James
Taverner, James
Taylior, Richard
Taylor, Arthur .
Taylor, Robert .
Taylor, Robert .
Taylor, Stephen
Teake, Samuel .
Teale, Musslxey
Teighe, Michael
Temple, Benjamin
Temple, Richard
Terne, Christopher
Tessier, George Lewis
Thirlby, Charles
Thomas, Charles
Thomas, Edward
Thomas, Sir Noah
VOL.
ii
i
iii
i
ii
ii
iii
ii
i
ii
i
i
i
ii
i
i
i
PAGE
520
308
519
422
71
109
68
149
503
399
368
402
315
277
3U9
475
502
54
388
283
423
18
117
118
97
342
79
167
401
76
82
303
393
421
272
69
18
275
446
218
Thomlinson, Robert .
Thompson, Gilbert .
Thomson, David , .
Thomson, George . .
Thomson, John Garthshore
Thomson, Samuel
Thomson, Thomas .
Thorius, Raphael , .
Thorner, Samuel
Thornton, Robert John
Thorpe, John .
ThjTine, Andrew
Tice, Cliarles .
Tichburne, Henry .
Tierney, Sir Matthew John
Timme, Thomas
Tivell, John .
Tomkins, Robt. Burgoyne
Tomson, Thomas
Torlesse, Richard
Torre, Christopher Mann.
Tourville, Charles .
Towgood, Matthew .
Towsey, Wilham
Trapham, Thomas .
Trench, Edmund ^ .
Trevor, Richard
Triste, John
Tristram, Andrew .
Turberville, George .
Turberville, Thomas .
Turner, Daniel .
Turner, George
Turner, John .
Turner, John .
Turner, John .
Turner, Peter .
Turner, Thomas
Turton, John .
Tuthill, Sir George Leman
Tweedie, Alexander .
Twine, Thomas
VOL.
ii
ii
ii
ii
iii
i
iii
i
i
iii
i
ii
iii
i
iii
i
iii
ii
i
ii
ii
i
iii
i
i
i
i
ii
i
ii
i
i
ii
ii
i
iii
ii
iii
iii
423
PAGE
280
290
165
149
230
227
169
109
292
98
240
367
13
334
44
334
479
76
413
387
330
57
511
194
345
245
308
252
365
95
510
35
89
199
14
25
84
26
284
171
252
108
424
INDEX OF NAMES.
VOL
PAGE
VOL.
PAGT5
Twysden, John
. i
310
Waller, Eohert .
i
308
Tyson, Edward
i
426
WaUis, Edward
ii
297
Tyson, Kichard
. ii
59
Walsh, PhiHp Pitt .
. ii
363
Tyson, Eichard
ii
234
Walsh, Thomas
i
454
Walshman, Thomas .
-iii
56
Uleter, Timothy Van
. i
344
Walton, John .
ii
171
Underwood, Michael
ii
336
Warburton, John .
iii
242
Upton, Francis
i
479
Warder, John .
i
485
Uwins, David .
iii
56
Waring, Eichard
iii
283
Warner, Edward
i
332
Valingen, Francis de
ii
273
Warner, John .
. i
63
Vasseur, Lewis le
i
430
Warner, William
i
405
Vaughan, James
ii
235
Warron, Edward
i
355
Yaughan, Walter
ii
424
Warren, Pelham
iii
41
Vaughan, William .
i
397
Warren, Eichard
ii
242
Vaughan, William .
ii
274
Wasey, William
ii
89
Vaux, Sir Theodore de
i
332
Waterhouse, Thomas
i
359
Vavasour, Thomas .
i
56
Wathen, Samuel
ii
212
Veitch, James .
iii
251
Watson, Edmund
ii
128
Vetch, John .
iii
231
Watson, John Waldron
iii
306
Vermuyden, Charles
i
308
Watson, Praise.
i
416
Vertey, William
i
368
Watson, Eohert
ii
180
Victoria, Ferdinand de .
i
21
Watson, Sir Thomas
iii
£91
Vincent, Thomas
ii
63
Watson, Thomas
ii
344
Vodka, Alexius.
i
147
Watson, Sir William
ii
348
Vodka, Alexius.
i
193
Watts, John .
ii
18
Watts, Eichard
ii
113
Wadeson, Eohert .
i
245
Watts, WilHam
ii
204
Wadsworth, Thomas
ii
63
Wayman, Luke
ii
268
Wagstaffe, WiUiam .
ii
60
Weatherhead, G-eo. Hume
iii
213
Waldegrave, Sir William
i
335
Webb, .
i
169
Waldo, Daniel .
i
485
Webster, Charles
ii
442
Waldron, Thomas .
i
351
Webster, John .
iii
233
Wale, Giles .
i
57
Wedderbonrne, Sir John
i
251
Walker, Q-eorge
i
66
Wellman, Simon
i
452
Walker, Grrcgory
i
268
Wells, William Charles .
ii
379
Walker, James .
ii
273
Wellwood, James
i
483
Walker, John .
iii
106
Welsh, James .
ii
299
Walker, Sayer .
ii
423
Welstead, George
i
266
Walker, Thomas
i
496
Welstead, Eobert .
ii
32
Wall, Martin .
ii
372
Wendy, Thomas
i
50
Waller, Benjamin .
ii
14
West, Thomas .
ii
59
INDEX OF NA.MES.
425
Westwood, Samuel .
VOL.
PAGE
519
Wilson, John .
vol,. PAOB
. iii 281
WhaUey, Thomas .
Wharrie, John Huntingdo
Wharton, G-eorge
Wliarton, Thomas .
Wharton, Thomas .
. ii
a iii
ii
i
ii
14
193
74
255
197
Wilson, Thomas
Wilson, Thomas
Windebanke, John
Windet, James .
Winston, Thomas
. i 348
. i 520
. i 409
. i 273
. i 160
Wharton, Tobias
Whirter, Thomas Mc
Whistler, Daniel
ii
iii
i
14
88
249
Winthrop, Stephen.
Wintringham, Chfto
Wintringham, Sir CI
. iii 114
Q . ii 34
ifton . ii 250
Whitaker, William .
Whitaker, William .
White, Thomas
i
ii
. ii
268
131
129
Wisedom, G-regory
Witherley, Sir Thou:
Wittie, Robert .
. i 84
las . i 394
. i 413
Whitehdl, Nathaniel
i
510
Wivell, Henry .
. i 343
Whitehead, John
ii
328
Wo^aston, Charlton
. ii 229
Whiting, John .
Whitmore, Humphrey
Wliittaker, Eobert .
iii
i
i
294
346
359
Wollaston, William
Wood, WiUiam
Woodcock, Samuel
Hyde ii 438
. ii 91
. i 346
Whittell, Charles .
iii
69
Woodford, WiUiam
. ii 115
Whitter, Tristram .
iii
65
Woodgate, Samuel
. i U2
Whymper, Sir WiUiam
ui
301
Woodhouse, William
I . ii 150
Wigan, John .
Wightman, Charles .
ii
ui
121
109
Woodroffe, Timothy
WoodviUe, WiUiam
. i 268
. ii 345
Wightman, Robert .
ii
461
Woodward, John
. ii 6
Wilbraham, Thomas
ii
194
Woodward, G-eorge
. i 484
Wilby, John .
i
268
Woolaston, John
. i 516
Wilkinson, Ralph .
i
96
Woolfe, Thomas
. i 292
Willan, Robert
ii
350
Worth, John .
. i 518
WUlcock, Thomas .
i
496
Wotton, Edward
. i 27
Williams, G-eorge
Williams, Sir Maurice
ii
i
467
206
Wotton, Henry
Wrench, Robert
. i 70
. i ' 366
Williams, Robert .
iii
173
Wright, Bernard
. i 307
Williams, Thomas .
i
297
Wright, John .
. ii 6
Williams, WiUiam .
ii
265
Wright, Kervin
. ii 150
Williams, William Henry
iii
169
Wright, Laurence
. i 181
Willis, Francis
iii
242
Wright, Richard
. ii 87
Willis, Robert Darling .
ii
464
Wright, Richard .
. ii 302
WilHs, Thomas
i
338
Wright, Robert
. i 235
Willoughby, Percival
Wilmot, Sir Edward
i
ii
231
106
Wright, Thomas
Wright, Warner
. i 388
. iii 51
Wilson, Edmund
i
162
Wyard, Peter .
. i 228
Wilson, Edmund
i
246
Wybcrd, John .
. i 269
Wilson, James Arthur
iii
302
Wynter, Daniel
. ii 82
426
INDEX OF NAMES.
VOL.
PAGE
VOL.
PAGE
Yardlej, John .
350
Yonge, James . . .
ii
2
Yaxley, Eobert.
22
Yonge, James .
. iii
263
Yeats, Grant David .
. iii
137
Young, Joshua
ii
117
Yellowlj, Jolin
ii
471
Young, Thomas
. iii
80
Yerbury, Henry
295
IKDEX OF SUBJECTS.
VOL. PAGE
Absorbent ressels, discovery of i 280
Academy, Royal, a picture of Dr. William Hunter lecturing on ana-
tomy to the .... iii 397
Addenbrooke hospital, Cambridge . . . . . . * . ii 15
Addison's disease of the supra-renal capsules iii 208
Albert, the Prince Consort, H.R.H., medallion of . . . .iii 404
Alderson, Sir James, M.D., the Author's obligations to . . . i x
Almanack, Nautical iii 84
Amen-corner, college in iii 321
Amicable Society, the College insured against fire in 1707 in the . iii 332
Anatomy, general . . . . . . . . . . ii 125
„ lectures . ... . . . . i, 69 ; iii, 319, 350
„ practical, first taught in England by Caius . . . i 45
„ of tissues . . . ii 125
Anatomical preparations, corroded ii 125
Andromachi Theriaca iii, 377, 381, 385, 386
Aneurism ....... . . . ii 126
Annals of the College begun by Caius . . . . . . i 41
„ account of the iii 348
Anstey, rent-charge on estate in, for the Lumleian lectures . . iii 352
Antidotus magna Matthioli adversus venera et pestem . . iii, 377, 381
Antimonial cup h note, 208
Apothecaries, Society of • • • .iii 290
" Archdruid of his age," Dr. Stukeley, the ... . . ii 74
Arms, grant of, to the College i, 30 j iii 318
,, lost, recovered and presented to the College by Dr.
Oliver Horseman • • . • i 495
Army Medical Benevolent Society . . . • • • -iii 312
Army Medical Board . . . • • • • ii, 305 ; iii 311
Army Medical Friendly Society . . • . • • • i" 312
Arnott's, Dr. Neil, inventions i" 163
Hydrostatic or water bed i^i 163
Smokeless grate ^" 164
Stove ^. ^^
Ventilating valve "^ 164
Arrangement, the principle and mode of, adopted in the Eoll .
1 v
428 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
VOL. PAGE
Arris, Edward, of London, surgeon , . i 342
Arsenici Chloridi Liquor ii 274
Asclepios, cast of . . iii 4O2
Ashmole, Elias, gires many scarce and valuable books to the College
library iii 366
Askew's, Dr., library . . . ii 187
Ashlins, estate of, given by Dr. Harney . . . . . .1 213
Astarte, the altar of, at Corbridge ii 256
Atkins, Henry, M.D., offered the first baronet's patent on the insti-
tution of the order in 1611 i 94
Auscultation iii 289
Avenall, Sussex, rent-charge on, for Lumleian lectures , . .iii 252
Babington, Benjamin Guy, M.D., statuette of iii ' 404
Baillie, Matthew, M.D., his liberality to the College . . . ii 406
Banker's account first opened by the College iii 332
Bar the safety, of Dr. Paris iii 126
Barometer, Dr. Prout's, the model of the standard barometer of
England iii 111
Baronetcy, the first patent of, ofiered by James I to his physician,
Dr. Atkins . . i 94
Baronet, the first of the College so created i 278
Baronets, medical :
Sir Edward Grreaves , . i 277
Sir Hans Sloane i 460
Sir Edward Hulse, the first medical baronet, who left a son,
and transmitted the title ii 62
Sir Edward Wihnot ii 106
Sir William Duncan ii 211
Sir G-eorge Baker ' . . . ii 213
Sir Edward Barry ii 238
Sir John Elliott ii 239
Sir Clifton Wintringham ii 250
Sir John Priugle ii 252
Sir Lucas Pepys ii 304
Sir Francis Milman ii 316
Sir Gilbert Blane * . . ii 325
Sir John Macnamara Hayes ii 364
Sir Henry Halford ii 427
Sir Alexander Douglas ii 460
Sir Walter Farquhar ii 461
Sir William Knighton .iii 39
Sir Matthew John Tierney .... . . iii 44
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 429
VOL. PAGE
Baronets, medical (continued) :
Sir Joseph de Courcy Laffan . , iii 70
Sir Henry Holland iii 144
Sir Janies Clark iii 222 •
Sir Charles Locock iii 270
Sir Thomas Watson iii 291
Sir James McGrrigor iii 309
Bate, Greorge, doubts of his being the author of Elenchus Motuum . i 230
Bed, Dr. Neil Arnott's water iii 163
Bentham, Jeremy iii 236
Bibliomania ii 188
BilHnghurst, rent- charge on the rectory of, for the Lumleian lec-
tures iii 352
Blood, transfusion of i 381
Board of Longitude iii 84
Bocking, Essex, rent-charge on lands in, for the Gulstonian lectm'cs iii 354
Boerhaave, Herman, portrait of iii 393
Book of the Charter, Bye-laws, and Regulations . . . .iii 319
„ Statutes iii 319
Books, rare and curious, in the College library . . . iii, 369, et seq.
Boot, Francis, M.D., portrait of iii 393
Borlase, John Bingham, M.D., of Penzance iii 121
Botanical garden at the College iii, 320, 322
„ „ at Islington, Dr. Pitcairn's ii 173
,, „ at Small-pox Hospital, Dr. Woodville's . . ii 345
„ „ at Upton, Dr. Fothergill's ii 155
Botany, Sherardian Professorship of, at Oxford . . . . ii 127
„ structural i 406
Boulter, Edmund, portrait of iii 393
Brain, softening of the ii 425
Brande, Mr. E. A., his gift to the College of Dr. Burges's collection
of materia medica ......... ii 307
Bridgewater Treatises :
Dr. Kidd's iii 178
Dr. Prout's iii 111
Dr. Eoget's i" 73
Bright's disease i" 157
British Museum i 465
Brocklesby, Richard, M.D. :
His liberality to Johnson, Burke, and Coram . . . . ii 203
His gift to the hbrary ii 202
Bromide of potassium • i>i> 173, 271, 392
Bronchocelc cured by garotting iii 28
430
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
Buckwocds, in the parish of Booking, rent-charge on land so called,
for the maintenance of the Gulstonian lecture ....
Burges, Dr., his collection of materia niedica . . • .
Burmarsh, Harvey's patrimonial estate at ... i> 136
Burton-upon-Trent, rent-charge on estate at, for the Lumleian lecture
Bustorum aliquot Beliquiae . . . .
Busts in the College . . . . . . . .
Bye-laws and Regulations ........
Caduceus and other ornaments designed and introduced by Caius, i, 41
Caesarian operation said to have been performed by Dr. Owen .
Caius College, Cambridge
Disgraceful proceedings there . .....
Caius, John, the first to teach anatomy in England . .
His eminent services to the College ......
Caldwell, John, M.D., joins with LordLumley in founding a chirur-
gical lecture in the College i, 60
Cambridge, medical school of, and examinations ....
Camden, the antiquary
Candidates Inceptor, the order of, instituted .....
Cane, the Gold Headed .
Cantharides . .
" Cams " of Garth's Dispensary . .... . .
Caxton's Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye, the first book printed in
the English language ; the copy of, in the College library
" Celsus " of Garth's Dispensary
Censors . . ...
Charter of Henry YIII founding the College
Charles II attends the anatomy lectures at the College, and therein
knights the lecturer . . . . . . i, 224 ; iii
Chaucer, Gefi'ray, the Workes of, 1540, folio, copy of, in the College
Library . . . . . . . . . . .iii
Cheltenham waters . iii
Chemistry, animal . . . ... ... . iii, 109, 110
Cheselden, "William, portrait of . . . . . . .iii 394
Clench, Andrew, M.D., murdered ..... . . i 419
His wonderful son . . . . . ... . i 419
Clinical medicine and lectures . . . . . . iii, 186, 204, 260
Cloisters at Westminster built by Dr. Chambie . . . . i 11
Colic, Devonishire .......... ii
College of Physicians of London :
Short account of ......... iii
Charter establishing itj ........ i
m
354
ii
307
iii
325
iii
352
i
215
iii
402
iii
339
1;
iii, 319
36
42
43
44
40
iii
352
iii
184
114
iii
136
407
429
427
iii
369
i
435
i
5
i
2
326
369
37
215
317
2
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 431
College of Physicians of London {continued) :
To be a perpetual college
To choose a President
Have perpetual succession and a common seal ....
To have power to pui-chase and hold real and personal pro-
Pei'tj i, 3 ; iii 332
To sue and be sued in its corporate name • . . . i 4
To make bye-laws and regulations i 4
No one to exercise the faculty of physic in London and within
seven miles thereof, without the College licence . . i 4
Four supervisors or censors to be annually elected, to have the
correction of physicians in London and witbin seven miles,
and to punisli by fine and imprisonment . . . . i 5
President and College exempt from juries, &c. . . . i 5, 6
Its sites. Knight Eider-street iii 317
„ Amen-cprner . iii 321
„ Warwick-lane iii 328
„ Pall Mall East ii, 431 ; iii 334
Burnt in the fire of 1666 i, 204 j iii 327
Collins, Samuel, M.D i 265
Combe, Charles, M.D., bis collection of materia medica purchased
by the College ii, 308, 338
Connolly, John, M.D., F.E.C.P., bust of iii 403
Consort, H.E-.H. tbe Prince, medallion of . . . . .iii 404
Conchology, Dr. Martin Lister's work on i 443
Corroded anatomical preparations ii 125
Croone, William, M.D., his lectures . . . . i, 370 ; iii 359
Croonian lecturers, list of . * iii 359
Crow, Thomas, M.D., his liberaUty and assistance in preparing the
Pharmacopoeia of 1746 iii 333
Cutler, Sir John, bart iii 328
Cutlerian theatre iii, 328, 329
Currus Triumphalis de Terebintho ii 4
Opii ii 174
Cyclopedia of Practical Medicine, note iii 253
D'Eon, the Chevalier
Delirium tremens
Denman, Thomas, M.D., the first Licentiate in midwifery
Dermatology, the founder of EngUsh . . . .
„ utility of Dr. Willan's classification of
Dictionary, Egyptian, Dr. Young's
Disinfection by the vapoiu-s of mineral acids .
u
313
ii
399
ii
333
ii
350
ii
352
iii
85
ii
384
432 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
VOL. PAGE
Disinfection, controversy on ii, 384; iii 23
Dispensaiy at the College i 499
" Dispensary," Garth's-poem of the ...... i 500
Dissections in the College iii 319
" Divine Q-ovemment," Dr. Southwood Smith's . . . .iii 235
Dorchester, the marquis of, his gifts to the College i, 282, 291 ; iii 331
Douglas, James, M.D., his collection of the works of Horace . . ii 78
Dover, Thomas, M.B., his extraordinary career . . . . ii 80
Finds Alexander Selkirk ii 80
Dover's powder ii 81
Drake, James, M.D., persecuted for his writings . . . . ii 16
Dryden, John i, 501 ; iii 331
Eddystone light house, strange accident at the fire of the, in 1754 . ii 281
Edinburgh :
The College of Physicians of i 439
The Pharmacopoeia of i 439
The first professor of medicine in the university of . . .1 439
The first graduate in medicine of, who was admitted to the
London College of Physicians ..... ii 155
Medical and Surgical Journal iii 20, 47
Editions princeps and others of rarity in the College Hbrary . iii, 370, et seq.
Egyptian antiquities and hieroglyphics iii 84
„ dictionary ......... iii 85
Electricity, Sir "William Watson's experiments on . . . . ii 348
Elects i, 7, 9, 23 ; iii, 194, 339
„ The last elected iii 194
„ They consent to die out iii 339
Elenchus motuum, doubts as to the authorship of . . . . i 230
Elizabeth, queen, authorises dissections in the College . . .iii 319
EUiotson, Thomas, M.D., F.E.C.P., portrait of .... iii 395
Engraving, early history of ........ ii 184
Ent, Sir G-eorge, knighted by Charles II in the College . . . i 224
Eon, the Chevalier d' ii 313
Epsom salts , . . . . i 408
Eui'ipides, Dr. S. Musgrave's collections to illustrate . . . ii 315
Exactions during the civil war iii 322
Expulsions from the CoUege i, 51, 97, 216, 262, 386
Extra Licentiates i 10
„ the first recorded, 1559 i 58
Extraordinary Fellows ......... i 299
"Eye Doctor" i 64
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
433
VOL. PAOE
Farre, Arthur, M.D., portrait of {[{ 395
His gift to the Library [[[ 34
FaiTe, Frederic John, M.D iii 34
The author's obligations to i [y
Fellows extraordinary i 299
„ honorary i 202
Fennes, in the parish of Booking, rent-charge on land so called, for
the maintenance of the Grulstonian lectures . . . . iii 354
Fever hospital, the London iii 1
Fever powders, James's ii 269
Field tourniquet, Dr. Williams's iii 170
Fire of London of 1666 . . . . . . . i, 204 ; iii 327
Fire-engine given to the College (note) i 361
Fire, the College insured in 1707 against iii 332
Flora, the Temple of, a splendid botanical work .... iii 98
A public lottery in its behalf sanctioned by Act of parHament . iii 99
Forceps, obstetric i 50-4
Fort Pitt, museum at iii 312
Frankland, Thomas, B.D., disgraceful history of . . . . i 382
Freind, John, MJ). :
Elected M.P. for Launceston ii 51
Imprisoned in the Tower for participation in the " Bishop's plot " ii 52
Presents to the House of Commons the College petition against
intemperance ii 53
Frier, Thomas, M.D i 320
Galen, infallibility of ......... i 62
„ bust of iii 403
Garden, botanical, at the College iii, 320, 331
Gaubius iii 382
Gazette, the London Medical iii 243
Geological Society of Cornwall iii 122
Geology, Dr. Martin Lister's services to i 4i3
„ Dr. "Woodward's „ ii 8
„ Dr. Fitton's „ iii 155
George lY, bust of iii 403
Gerarde, John, curator of the College garden iii 320
Gilbert, William, his celebrated Treatise do Magneto . . . i 78, 79
Gives his library, globes, instruments, and minerals to the
College ' ''^
Godalming, the rabbit breeder of . . . • • " 75
Goddard, John, M.D., made the first telescope in this countiv 1 242
His drops, Guttse Goddardiaiia) .... 1 242
VOL. in. - '
434 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
VOL, PAGE
Goitre cured by garotting ........ iii 28
G-old Headed Cane, the, the book so called iii 183
Gown, the President's ......... iii 319
Greek, pronunciation of . . i 46
Gulliver's Travels .......... ii 29
Goulston, Theodore, M.D., founds a Lectureship in the College . i 157
Gulstonian Lectures and Lecturers iii 354
Guttae Goddardianse vel Anglicanae ...... i 242
Gwyn, Nell, her physician . . . . . , . . i 452
Hale, Richard, M.D,, a liberal benefactor to the library . . . ii 48
Halford, Sir Henry, M.D., his exertions on behalf of the College ii, 430 ; iii, 333
Harney, Baldwin, jun., M.D. :
His generous patient . . , . . . . i 209
His gifts to Charles II i 210
His liberality to Allhallows, Barking i 211
,, St, Clement's-in-the-East . . . . i 211
St. Paul's Cathedral i 211
., St. Luke's Chelsea i 211
„ The College of Physicians . . i, 211 ; iii, 323, 330
His loyalty i 210
Harvey, Gideon, sen., M.D ii, 11, note
Harvey, WiUiam, M.D . . i 124
Appointed Lumleian lecturer ..... i, 126 ; iii
Makes public his view of the circulation . . . .iii
Builds a museum to the College in Amen-corner . i, 133 ; iii
Gives his patrimonial estate of Burmarsh to the College i, 136 ; iii
His death and funeral . . . . . . i, 136 ; iii
His demonstrating rod . . i
His dry preparations of the vessels and nerves . . . , i
His works published by the College . . . i, 144 ; iii
Demonstrating to Charles I his theory of the circulation of the
blood, painting of ........ iii
Harveian museum opened ........ iii
Eules and regulations of iii
Orations and orators iii
Hastings, Lady Flora, the case of . . . . . . .iii
Hawkins, Francis, M.D., the author's obligations to . . . i
His death i
Henry VIII founds the College of Physicians . . . . i
His reasons for doing so ........ i
His Letters Patent i 2
Portraits of iii 396
322
322
323
325
325
144
144
332
324
326
360
225
X
vii
1
1
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 435
VOL. PAGB
Hemy, Prince, the son of James I ; Lis last illness . , . , i m
Hieroglyphics, Egyptian iii 84
Hoare, Messrs., of Fleet-street, banking account opened with . . iii 332
Hollier, Mr iii 328
Holsbosch, Dr. Matthew, his bequest to the library . . .iii 365
Honorary Fellows i^ 202 ; iii 326
Horace, Dr. Douglas's collection of the works of .... ii 78
" Horoscope " of Grarth's Dispensary i 451
Howard, Mr., of Stratford, his gift of specimens of cinchona bark
to the College collection of materia medica . . . . ii 308
Hull spermaceti candles ii 277
Hulse, Sir Edward, M.D., the first medical baronet who left a son
and transmitted the title ii 63
Hunterian museum at G-lasgow ii 210
Hydrostatic bed. Dr. Neil Arnott's iii 163
Inceptor Candidates, order of, instituted iii 136
Inoculation of small-pox ii, 168, 233
Insignia of the College i, 41 ; iii 319
Insignia Yirtutis i, vi, 41 ; iii 319
Insurance of the College from fire .iii 332
Intemperance in 1722 ' . ii 53
The College petitions Parliament against ii . . . . ii 53
Iodide of potassium iii 173
James I, his last illness i 117
James's fever powder ii 269
Jennerian Society iii 107
Journal of Foreign Medicine, the Quarterly iii 232
Juvenal, the Satires of, translated by Dr. Badham . . . .iii 191
King, Sir Edmund, bleeds Charles II . ..... . i 4-49
King's Head tavern, in Lambeth- hill, Little Knight Rider-street,
settled on the College for the endowment of the Croonian lec-
tureship iii 359
Knight Eider-street, the site of the first College . . i, 18 ; iii 321
The site sold in 1860 i, 18 ; iii, 321, note
Laryngitis in the adult ii, 355, 364 ; iii 173
Latin, pronunciation of * ^
Lectures and lecturers iii 350
Anatomy i, 69; iii 350
Croonian iii 359
Gulstonian iii 354
Lumleian iii 352
436 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
VOL. PAGE
Letters patent founding the College i 2
Leyclen, the first medical graduate from, admitted by the Col-
lege i 87
Library of Practical Medicine iii 253
Library of the College, account of iii 364
Catalogue of ....... . iii, 366, 367, 368
Gifts to, by —
Wmiam Gilbert, M.D i, 79 ; iii 365
Matthias Holsbosch, M.D iii 365
Sir Theodore de Mayerne ....... iii 366
Marquis of Dorchester . . . . . . .iii 366
Thomas Crow, M.D. ii, 23 ; iii 368
Eichard Hale, M.D. ii, 48 ; iii 368
Thomas Gisborne, M.D iii 368
Eichard Brocklesby, M.D ii, 202 ; iii 368
Matthew BaQlie, M.D. iii 368
Eules and regulations for the iii, 365, 366, 367
Curious and rare books in the library iii 369
Licences for limited periods i 56
„ special i, 63, 100, 104, 266
Licentiates, extra urbem ......... i 10
Linacre, Thomas :
His plan of the College i 17
Gives a portion of his priyate house in Knight Eider-street for
a College i, 18 ; iii 317
The house burnt in 1666, iii, 321, note ; rebuilt . . .iii 321
Sold in 1860 iii 321
Liquor arsenici chloridi ii 274
Lives of British Physicians in Murray's Family Library . . iii, 183, 275, 304
Logarithms i 117
Lottery, public, sanctioned for Thornton's " Temple of Flora" . iii 99
Longitude, the Board of iii 84
Lucas, Charles, M.D., an Irish politician ii 223
Lucretius, Dr. Mason Good's translation of, with notes . . .iii 250
Lumley, Lord, founds a chirurgical lecture . . . . i, 60 ; iii 320
Lumleian lectures and lecturers i, 60 ; iii 352
Lymphatics, discovery of i 280
Mace of silver gilt given by Dr. Lawson . . . . i, 367 j iii 319
** Machaon " of Garth's Dispensary i 364
Macwilliam, John Ormiston, M.D., medallion of . . . .iii 404
Magnet and magnetism ......... i 78
Magnetism, animal iii, 181, 260
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 437
Mahogany, how introduced into use i 492
Manchester School of Medicine iii 72
Maniac, the, a painting by George Daw, E.A. . . . . iii 397
Martinus Scriblerus, memoirs of ii £9
Materia medica :
The College collection of ji^ 308 ; iii 122
Dr. Burges's collection of ii 307
Dr. Combes's collection of ii, 308 338
Lectures on iii 123
" Maxilla," JAW, i.e., J. A. WHson, M.D iii 303
Mayo, Thomas, M.D., the author's obligations to .... i x
Mead, Richard, the Mecsenas of his day ii 44
His museum, library, &c. ii 43
Mechanics' institutions iii qq
Medallions in the College iii 404
Medical G-azette, the London iii 243
Medical Transactions of the College of Physicians .... iii 332
Medico-Chii'urgical Review (Johnson's) iii 239
„ Journal iii 239
Melasma Addisoni iii 208
Melville Hospital iii 307
Merrett, Christopher, M.D,, removed or expelled from the fellow-
ship i 262
Merton College, Oxford iii 318
Mesmeric Infirmary iii 261
Mesmerism iii 260
Midwifery i 195
Midwifery, Licentiates in ii, 334 ; iii 333
Minim, the, introduced as a measure iii 388
" Mirmillo " of Garth's Dispensary i 491
Mithridatium ii, 160 ; iii, 377, 381, 385, 386
Montague, the duke of, admitted a fellow of the College . . . ii 58
Moore, Bishop, his library ........ ii 96
Morbus Addisoni iii 208
„ Brightii . . iii 158
Mortmain, the College empowered to hold lands to the amount of
1,000Z. a year iii 332
Museum, British i 465
„ Harvey's, in Amen-comer, regulations of . . .iii 326
Nautical Almanac "> 84
Navy, duties of surgeon's assistant in the Navy in 1661 . . . ii 2
Nerves of heart and uterus, Dr. Lee's dissections of . . • iii 268
2 F 2
438 INDEX or SUBJECTS.
VOL. PAGE
Nerves, vaso-motor, the existence and office of, recognised by Dr.
Frank Nicholls ii 126
Noblemen who have been Fellows of the College :
Dorchester, the marquis of ....... i 281
Montague, the duke of . . , ii 58
Eichmond, the duke of ii 116
Nomenclature, chemical, of the Pharmacopoeias . . . . iii 388
Nosology, Good's physiological system of . . ' . . .iii 250
Obstetric forceps and instruments i, 197; note, i, 504
Opening of the College in Pall Mall East, 25th June, 1825 . .iii 334
Opium ii 174
Ophthalmic Hospital, the founders of the Eoyal London . . iii 34
Orations and orators, the Harveian ....... iii 360
Paintings in the College . . iii 392
Pall Mall East :
The site of the College granted for 99^ years . . . .iii 334
For 999 years iii 334
The College in, opened iii 334
Pantalogia, or Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Words . iii 250
Parliament, members of :
Thomas Lake, M.D. i 100
John Bathurst, M.D i 222
Jonathan Groddard, M.D. i 241
Sir William Petty, M.D. . . . . '. . . i 271
Thomas An-is, M.D. . . . . " . . . . i 342
Nicholas Barbon, M.D i 345
John EadcHfee, M.D i 455
John Freind, M.D. ii 51
Charles Cotes, M.D ii 137
Baron Dimsdale, M.D ii 232
Parliament : member of the Irish House of Commons :
Charles Lucas, M.D ii 223
Parr, Samuel, LL.D., the Life and Works of iii 23
Parry, Caleb Hillier, M.D., his merits as a scientific agriculturalist . ii 386
Pemberton, Henry, M.D., G-resham professor of medicine, his ser-
vices to the Pharmacopoeia Londinensis of 1746 . . iii, 383, notes
Pharmacopoeia, the first published iii 371
„ Edinburgensis ........ i 439
„ Londinensis, account of the .... iii, 322, 371
I, of 1618 iii 371
II, of 1650 iii 378
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
439
Pharmacopceia Londinensis, account of the {continued) :
III, of 1677 iii 378
IV, of 1728 iii 379
Y, of 1746 iii 382
VI, of 1788 iii 386
VII, of 1809 iii 387
VIII, of 1824 .iii 389
IX, of 1836 . . . ' . . . .iii 390
X, of 1851 iii 391
Philadelphia, Medical School of ii 262
First Medical degrees conferred there ii 262
Phrenological Society of London . iii 261
Phrenology .iii 167
Physicians, Edinburgh College of i 439
Pictures given to the ^National Callery by Dr. E. Simmonds . .iii 94
Pitcairn, Archibald, M.D., x>oi'tTait of, by Sir John Medina . note, ii 357
Pitman, Henry Alfred, M.D., the author's obHgations to . . . i iy, x
Plague, alarm of, in London in 1799 iii 53
Portraits in the College iii 392
Powder, Dover's ii 80
„ James's fever ii 269
President i, 1, 2, 3, 9
„ office and duties of iii 339
Presidents, list of, from 1518 iii 341
Prince Consort, medallion of H.R.H. the iii 404
Prussia acid ii 130
Pulvinar i, 41 ; iii 319
Putrid sore throat . * ii 136
Quarterly Journal of Foreign Medicine and Surgery
" Querpo " of Garth's Dispensary ....
232
453
Eabbit breeder of Grodalming
RadcHffe, John, M.D
Bequest to St. Bartholomew's Hospital
Library at Oxford
Infirmary at Oxford .........
Medical travelling fellowships
Observatory, Oxford
Trustees, their vote of 2,000 Z. towards the building of the
College in Pall Mall East . . . . i, 458 ; iii
" Eegister, the Medical," the prototype of the Medical Directories . ii
Eegistrars of the College, duties of iii
75
455
458
458
458
458
458
334
320
346
440 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
VOL. PAGE
Eegistrars of the College, list of iii 347
Eeligio Medici i 322
Repton, in Derbyshire, rent-charge on estate at, for the Lumleian
lectureship .......... iii 352
Rhead, Alexander, M.D., his gift to ornament the theatre of the
College i, 183 ; iii 322
Richmond, the duke of, admitted a fellow of the College . . . ii IIG
Robbery at the College i, 203 ; iii 327
Roll of the College, its origin and history i viii
Rosetta stone deciphered by Dr. Young ...... iii 84
Rosie Cross, doctrines of the . i 150
Royal Academy, picture of Dr. William Hunter lecturing on
anatomy to the iii 397
Russia, English physicians settling in
i, 56, 88, 106, 153, 265, note ; ii, 360, 416
Sadlier, Lady, the relict of Dr. Croone, founds the Croonian lecture-
ship iii 359
Safety bar. Dr. Paris' s ......... iii 126
Sanitary medicine and Dr. Southwood Smith . . . . .iii 236
Scriblerus Martinus, memoirs of ....... ii 29
Selden gives Arabic MSS. to the College library . . . .iii 366
Selkirk, Alexander, discovered at Juan Fernandez by Dover, a licen-
tiate of the College ......... ii 80
Shells, cabinet of, Dr. Fothergill's ii 156
Sherardian Professorsliip of Botany ...... ii 127
Shovell, Sir Cloudesley, his body embalmed ..... ii 5
Sibbald, Sir Robert, M.D. :
Founds the Medical School of Edinburgh . . . . i 439
„ the College of Physicians, Edinburgh . . . . i 439
Sites of the College of Physicians of London :
Knight Rider-street ........ iii 317
Amen-corner . iii 321
Warwick-lane iii 327
Pall Mall East iii 334
Smokeless grate. Dr. Arnott's iii 164
Society for the relief of the Widows and Orphans of Medical
Men ii 367
Softening of the bmin ii 425
Solvent mineral, solution of . . . . . . . . ii 274
Somerville, Mary . . . . . . . . . . iii 169
Sore- throat, putrid .......... ii 136
Special licences granted by the College . . . . i, 63, 100, 104, 266
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 441
VOL. PAGE
Spermaceti candles, the Hull ii 277
Spirituous liquors, abuse of, by both sexes in 1725 . . . . ii 53
Stanhope, Lady Hester . iii 234
Statuta Vetera iii 33*7
Statute 14, Hen. VIII i 7
Statutes of the College i 39
„ „ account of the iii 337
„ book of i, 23 ; iii 319
Statuettes in the College iii 404
"Stentor" of Garth's Dispensary i 403
" Stone House," the, in Knight Eider-street iii 317
Stove, Dr. Arnott's iii 163
" Sugar Cane," Grrainger's poem of the ii 220
Surgeon in the Navy, duties of, in 1661 ii 2
Surgical instruments, case of, given to the College by Thomas Pru-
jean, M.D. i 279
Symbols or insignia of the College iii 319
Tamping or safety bar, Dr. Paris's iii 126
Telescope, the first, made in England, by Jonathan Goddard, M.D. . i 242
Temple, Benjamin, an Extra-Licentiate of the College, executed at
Lyme Regis .......... i 393
" Temple of Flora," public lottery for Dr. Thornton's . . .iii 99
Theatre, anatomical :
In Knight Rider-street . .iii 320
In Amen-corner iii 322
In Warwick-lane, the " Cutlerian " .iii 328
" Theatrum Cutlerianum" iii 328
Theriaca Andromachi iii, 377, 381, 385, 386
Thesaurus of Enghsh Words and Phrases iii 73
Toft, Mary, the rabbit breeder of Godalming ii 75
Tourniquet, WiUiams's field iii 170
Transactions, Medical, of the College of Physicians . . . .iii 332
Treasure chest of the College jjlundered . . . . i, 203 j iii 327
Treasurers of the College iii 343
Duties of iii 3-44
List of iii 345
" Umbra " of Garth's Dispensary i 495
Vaccination "i 107
„ opposition to ii, 341, 3C8
442 INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
VOL. PAGE
Vaccine Board, the National .... . . ii, 306 j iii 107
Valve, ventilating, Dr. Arnott's iii 164
Van Butcliel, lines on the body of Mrs ii 216
Vaso-motor nerves, their existence and office taught by F. Ni-
choUs, M.D ii 126
Ventilator, Dr. Arnott's iii 164
Vesalius, portrait of, by Calcar .iii 401
Vetera Statuta iii 337
Views engraved of the College in Warwick-lane . : . iii, 329, note
Vignettes on the title pages of the Roll :
Vol. I. Virtutis insignia i vi
„ IT. The College in Warwick-lane i vi
. „ III. The College in Pall Mall East i vi
Virtutis Insignia i, vi, 41 j iii 319
Walcheren, sickness and mortality at ii 306
Warwick-lane :
The ground purchased, 1669 .iii 327
The CoUege there commenced, 1671 iii 328
„ „ opened, 1675 iii 328
„ „ completed, 1679 iii 328
„ „ views of ...... iii, 329, note
Removal from iii 333
Premises sold iii 334
Water bed, Dr. Arnott's iii 163
Wellington, rent-charge on an estate at, for the Lumleian lecture-
ship . iii 352
Westminster, Act of Parhament to enable the CoUege to hold its
meetings and exercise its powers in the city of . . . .iii 333
Westminster Abbey, the cloisters of, built by John Chambre, M.D. . i 11
Westminster, " pecuHar training " at St. Peter's . . . iii, 200, note
Westminster Review iii 238.
Whistler, Daniel, when President, robs the College . , . . i 250
Whitehead, John, M.D. , Wesley's physician, and a preacher among
*\ the Methodists . . . ii 328
Williams, W. H., M.D., his field tourniquet iii 170
Winchelsea and Nottingham, the earl of, presents to the College
Harvey's preparations of the vessels and nerves . . . i 145
Witham, spa at ii 118
Wolsey, Cardinal i 33
„ „ portrait of .iii 402
Wood, carved, given by Hamey to the csenaculum of the College in
Warwick-lane, now in the Censors' room in Pall Mall East . iii 330
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 443
Woodwardian Museum at Cambridge ii ' °q
Words and Phrases, Thesaurus of ^ 73
Young, Thomas, M.D., " Phenomenon Young," the marvel of his
^g® • • iii 80
His attainments as a scholar iii qq
„ in philosophy iii gl
„ Egyptian phHology iii 84
Zoist, the, a Journal of Cerebral Physiology and Mesmerism . . iii 261
Harrison and Sons, Printers in Ordinary/ to Her Majesty, St. Martin's Lane.
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